4. When a torpor of some irritative motions occurs from a previous exhaustion of the sensorial power of irritation by the action of some very great stimulus, it is long before any accumulation of the sensorial power of irritation is produced; as is experienced in the sickness and languor, which continues a whole day after a fit of drunkenness. But nevertheless there occurs an accumulation of the sensorial power of association in the first link of the associate train of motions, which is catenated with these torpid irritative ones; which accumulation is owing to deficient excitement of that sensorial power in the first link of the associate train. This first link therefore exists also in a less active or torpid state, but the accumulation of the sensorial power of association by its superabundance contributes to actuate the second link of the associate train with unnatural quantity of motion; and that though its own natural quantity of the power of association is not excited by the deficient action of preceding fibrous motions.

When this happens to the stomach, as after its irritative motions have been much exerted from the unnatural stimulus of wine, or opium, or of contagious matter mixed with the saliva, a torpor or inactivity of it succeeds for a greater or less length of time; as no accumulation of the sensorial power of irritation can occur, till the natural quantity, which has been previously expended, is first restored. Then the heart and arteries which are next in catenation, become less active from the want of sufficient excitement of the sensorial power of association, which previously contributed to actuate them. This sensorial power of association therefore becomes accumulated, and by its superabundance contributes to actuate the link next in association, which has thus acquired so great a degree of associability, as to overbalance the less quantity of the excitement of it by the torpid action of the previous or first associate link. This happens to the capillaries, when the heart and arteries are affected as above by the torpor of the stomach, when it is occasioned by previous great expenditure of its sensorial power, and thus constitutes fever with weak pulse, which is here termed inirritative fever, typhus mitior.

5. When a deficiency of stimulus is too great or too long continued, so as to impair the life of the part, no further accumulation of sensorial power occurs; as when the skin is long exposed to cold and damp air. In that case the link in catenation, that is, the first of the associate train, is rendered torpid by defect of excitement of its usual quantity of the sensorial power of association, and from there being no accumulation of the sensorial power of irritation to increase its associability, and thus to contribute to actuate it by overbalancing the defect of the excitement of its association.

Thus on riding long and slowly on a cold and damp day, the exhalation of the vapour, which is impinged on the skin, as the traveller proceeds, carries away his warmth faster, than it is generated within the system; and thus the capillaries of the skin have their actions so much impaired after a time, that no accumulation of the sensorial power of irritation occurs; and then the stomach, whose motions are catenated with those of the capillaries, ceases to act from the deficient excitement of the power of association; and indigestion and flatulency succeed, instead of the increased digestion and hunger, which occur, when the cutaneous capillaries are exposed to a less degree of cold, and for a shorter time. In which latter situation the accumulation of the sensorial power of irritation increases by its superabundance the associability of the fibres of the stomach, so as to overbalance the defect of the excitement of their association.

6. The stomach is affected secondarily in fevers with strong pulse, as in those with weak pulse it is affected primarily. To illustrate this doctrine I shall relate the following case of Mr. Y——. He was a young man rather intemperate in the use of wine or beer, and was seized with a cold fit, and with a consequent hot one with strong pulse; on examining his hypochondrium an oblong tumour was distinctly felt on the left side of the stomach, which extended six or eight inches downward, and was believed to be a tumour of the spleen, which thus occasioned by its torpor the cold fit and consequent hot fit of fever with strong pulse. This fever continued, though with remissions, for two or three weeks; and the patient repeatedly lost blood, used cathartics with calomel and sena, and had frequent antimonial and saline medicines. And after he was much weakened by evacuations, the peruvian bark and small doses of steel removed the fever, but the tumour remained many years during the remainder of his life.

In this case the tumour of the spleen was occasioned by the torpor of the absorbent vessels; while the secerning vessels continued somewhat longer to pour their fluids into the cells of it. Then the inactivity of this viscus affected the whole system with torpor by the deficient excitement of the sensorial power of association, which contributes along with the irritation caused by their specific stimuli to actuate the whole sanguiferous, secerning, and absorbent vessels; and along with these the stomach, which possesses perhaps greater mobility, or promptitude to torpor or to orgasm, than any other part. And after a time all these parts recover their actions by the accumulation of their sensorial power of association. But the spleen not recovering its action from the accumulation of its power of irritation, as appeared from the continuance of the tumor, still affects the stomach by its defective irritative motions ceasing to excite the association, which ought to contribute to actuate it.

Hence the stomach continues torpid in respect to its motions, but accumulates its power of association; which is not excited into action by the defective motions of the spleen; this accumulation of the sensorial power of association now by its superabundance actuates the next link of associate motions, which consists of the heart and arteries, into greater energy of action than natural, and thus causes fever with strong pulse; which, as it was supposed to be most frequently excited by increase of irritation, is called irritative fever or synocha.

Similar to this in the small pox, which is given by inoculation, the stomach is affected secondarily, when the fever commences; and hence in this small-pox the pulsations of the heart and arteries are frequently stronger than natural, but never weaker, for the reasons above given. Whereas in that small-pox, which is caused by the stomach being primarily affected, by the contagious matter being swallowed with the saliva, whether the tonsils are at the same time affected or not, the pulsations of the heart and arteries become weak, and the inirritative fever is produced, as explained above, along with the confluent small-pox. This unfolds the cause of the mildness of the inoculated small-pox; because in this disease the stomach is affected secondarily, whereas in the natural small-pox it is frequently affected primarily by swallowing the contagious matter mixed with saliva.

In the measles I suppose the contagious matter to be dissolved in the air, and therefore not liable to be mixed with the saliva; whereas the variolous matter is probably only diffused in the air, and thence more readily mixed with the saliva in the mouth during respiration. This difference appears more probable, as the small-pox I believe is always taken at a less distance from the diseased person than is necessary to acquire the measles. The contagion of the measles affects the membranes of the nostrils, and the secretion of tears in consequence, but never I suspect the stomach primarily, but always secondarily; whence the pulsation of the heart and arteries is always stronger than natural, so as to bear the lancet at any period of the disease.

The great mildness sometimes, and fatality at other times, of the scarlet fever may depend on the same circumstance; that is, on the stomach being primarily or secondarily affected by the contagious matter, observing that the tonsils may be affected at the same time with the stomach. Should this prove to be the case, which future observations must determine, what certain advantage must arise from the inoculation of this disease! When it is received by the skin primarily I suppose no sore throat attends it, nor fever with weak pulse; when it is received by the stomach primarily, the tonsils are affected at the same time, and the torpor of the stomach produces inirritative fever, and the mortification of the tonsils succeeds.

We may hence conclude, that when the torpor of the stomach is either owing to defect of stimulus, which is not so great as to impair the life of the part, as in moderate hunger, or in swallowing iced water, or when its torpor is induced by its catenation or association with other torpid parts, as in the commencement of intermittent fevers, and inoculated small-pox, that the subsequent action of the heart and arteries is generally increased, producing irritative fever. Which is owing to the accumulation, of the sensorial power of irritation in one case, and of association in the other, contributing to actuate the next link of the catenated or associated motions. But when the torpor of the stomach is induced by previous exhaustion of its sensorial powers of irritation or of association by continued violent action, as by the stimulus of digitalis, or of contagious matter, or after intoxication from wine or opium, a weaker action of the heart and arteries succeeds, because there is no accumulation of sensorial power, and a deficient excitement of association. And finally, as this weak action of the heart and arteries is not induced by exhaustion of sensorial power, but by defect of the excitement of association, the accumulation of this power of association increases the action of the capillaries, and thus induces inirritative fever.

7. When any part of the system acts very violently in fevers, the sensorial power of sensation is excited, which increases the actions of the moving system; whereas the pain, which arises from decreased irritative motions, as in hemicrania, seems to exhaust a quantity of sensorial power, without producing or increasing any fibrous actions.

When the stomach is primarily affected, as in inirritative fevers from contagion, and in such a manner as to occasion pain, the action of the capillaries seems to be increased by this additional sensorial power of sensation, whence extensive inflammation or mortification; but when the stomach and consequently the heart and arteries continue their torpidity of action; as in confluent small-pox, and fatal scarlatina; this constitutes sensitive inirritative fever, or typhus gravior.

But when the stomach is secondarily affected, if the sensorial power of sensation is excited, as in pleurisy or peripneumony, the actions of the heart and arteries are violently increased, and of all the moving system along with them. Thus the peripneumony is generally induced by the patient respiring very cold air, and this especially after being long confined to warm air, or after being much fatigued and heated by excessive labour or exercise. For we can cover the skin with more clothes, when we feel ourselves cold; but the lungs not having the perception of cold, we do not think of covering them, nor have the power to cover them, if we desired it; and the torpor, thus produced is greater, or of longer duration, in proportion to the previous expenditure of sensorial power by heat or exercise.

This torpor of the lungs affects the skin with shuddering, and the stomach is also secondarily affected; next follows the violent action of the lungs from the accumulation of the power of irritation, and an inflammation of them follows this violent action. While the stomach recovers its activity by the increase of the excitement of the sensorial power of association, and along with it the heart and arteries, and the whole moving system. Hence this inflammation occurs during the hot fit of fever, and no cold fit succeeds, because the excess of the sensorial power of sensation prevents a succeeding torpor.

These new motions of certain parts of the system produce increased secretions of nutritious or organic mucus, which forms new vessels; these new vessels by their unusual motions produce new kinds of fluids; which are termed contagious, because they have the power, when introduced into a healthy body, of producing similar actions and effects, with or without fever, as in the small-pox and measles, or in the itch and venereal disease.

If any of these contagious matters affect the stomach with torpor either by their stimulus immediately applied, or by its sympathy with the parts first diseased, a fever is produced with sickness and want of appetite; as in small-pox, and scarlatina. If the stomach is not affected by contagious matter, no fever succeeds, as in itch, tinea, syphilis.

All these contagious matters are conceived to be harmless, till they have been exposed to the air, either openly or through a moist membrane; from which they are believed to acquire oxygene, and thence to become some kinds of animal acids. As the preparations of mercury cure venereal ulcers; as a quarter of a grain of sublimate dissolved in wine, and given thrice a day; this effect, seems to be produced either by its stimulating the absorbents in the ulcer to absorb the venereal matter before it has acquired oxygene; or by afterwards uniting with it chemically, and again depriving it of its acquired acidity. On either supposition it might probably be given with advantage in small-pox, and in all infectious diseases, both previous to their commencement, and during their whole progress.

8. The cold fits of intermittent fevers are caused by the torpor of some part owing to deficient irritation, and of the other parts of the system from deficient association. The hot fits are owing first to the accumulation of irritation in the part primarily affected, if it recovers its action, which does not always happen; and secondly to the accumulation of association in the other parts of the system, which during health are subject to perpetual action; and lastly also to the greater excitement of the power of association, when the part primarily affected recovers its irritability, and acts with greater energy than natural.

The deficient secretions in the cold fit depend on the torpor of the glandular system; and the increased secretions in the hot fit on their more energetic action. The thirst in the cold fit is owing to the deficient absorption from the skin, cellular membrane, and bladder; the thirst in the hot fit is owing to the too great dissipation of the aqueous part of the blood. The urine is pale and in small quantity in the cold fit from deficient secretion of it, and from deficient absorption of its aqueous parts; it is high coloured, and sometimes deposits a sediment, in the hot fit from the greater secretion of it in the kidneys, and the greater absorption of its aqueous and saline part in the bladder. The dryness and scurf on the tongue and nostrils is owing to the increased heat of the air expired from the lungs, and consequent greater evaporation of the aqueous part of the mucus. The sweats appear in consequence of the declension of the hot fit, owing to the absorbent vessels of the skin losing their increased action sooner than the secerning ones; and to the evaporation lessening as the skin becomes cooler. The returns of the paroxysms are principally owing to the torpor of some less essential part of the system remaining after the termination of the last fit; and are also dependent on solar or lunar diurnal periods.

The torpor of the part, which induces the cold paroxysm, is owing to deficient irritation occasioned either by the subduction of the natural stimuli of food, or water, or pure air, or by deficiency of external influences, as of heat, or of solar or lunar gravitation. Or secondly, in consequence of the exhaustion of sensorial power by great previous exertions of some parts of the system, as of the limbs by great labour or exercise, or of the stomach by great stimulus, as by contagious matter swallowed with the saliva, or by much wine or opium previously taken into it. Or lastly a torpor of a part may be occasioned by some mechanic injury, as by a compression of the nerves of the part, or of their origin in the brain; as the sitting long with one leg crossed over the other occasions numbness, and as a torpor of the stomach, with vomiting frequently precedes paralytic strokes of the limbs.

As sleep is produced, either by defect of stimulus, or by previous exhaustion of sensorial power; so the accumulation of the sensorial power of volition in those muscles and organs of sense, which are generally obedient to it, awakens the sleeping person; when it has increased the quantity of voluntarity so much as to overbalance the defect of stimulus in one case, and the exhaustion of sensorial power in the other; which latter requires a much longer time of sleep than the former. So the cold paroxysm of fever is produced either by defect of stimulus, or by previous exhaustion of the sensorial power of some part of the system; and the accumulation of the sensorial power of irritation in that part renews the action of it, when it has increased its irritability so much as to overbalance the defect of stimulus in one case and the exhaustion of sensorial power in the other; which latter requires a much longer torpor or cold fit than the former.

But in the cold paroxysm of fever besides the torpor of one part of the system from defect of irritation, the remainder of it becomes torpid owing to defect of excitement of the sensorial power of association by the lessened action of the part first affected. This torpor of the general system remains, till the accumulation of the sensorial power of association has increased the associability so much as to overbalance the defect of the excitement of association; then the torpor ceases, and if the first affected part has recovered its activity the other parts are all thrown into excess of action by their increased associability, and the hot fit of fever is produced.

9. In the continued fevers with strong pulse the stomach is affected secondarily, and thus acts feebly from deficient excitement of the power of association; but the accumulation of the power of association thus produced in an organ subject to perpetual and energetic action, is so great as to affect the next link of the associate train, which consists of the heart and arteries; these therefore are exerted perpetually with increase of action.

In continued fevers with weak pulse the torpid stomach is affected primarily by previous exhaustion of its irritability by stimulus, as of contagious matter swallowed into it. The heart and arteries act feebly from deficient excitement of the power of association, owing to the torpor of the stomach, with which they are catenated; but the accumulation of the power of association, thus produced in organs subject to perpetual and energetic motion, is so great, as to affect the next link of the associate train; which consists of the capillaries of the skin or other glands; these therefore are exerted perpetually with great increase of action.

The continued fevers with strong pulse terminate by the reduction or exhaustion of the sensorial power by violent action of the whole system; which is followed either by return of health with the natural quantity of irritability, and of associability, or by a total destruction of them both, and consequent death.

In continued fevers with weak pulse the stomach remains torpid during the whole course of the fever; and at length by the recovery of its irritability and sensibility effects the cure of it. Which generally happens about the first, second, or third quarter of the lunar period, counted from the commencement of the disease, or continues a whole lunation, and sometimes more; which gave rise to what are termed critical days. See Sect. XXXVI. 4. on this subject. If the stomach does not recover from its torpor, the patient becomes emaciated, and dies exhausted by the continuance of the increased action of the capillaries and absorbents, and the want of nourishment.

The cure of continued fever with weak pulse consists first in weakening the undue action of the capillaries of the skin by ablution with cold water from 32 to 80 degrees of heat; or by exposing them to cool air. Secondly by invigorating the actions of the stomach, by decreasing them for a time, and thence accumulating the power of irritation, as by an emetic, or by iced water, or iced wine. Or by increase of stimulus, as by bark, wine, opium, and food, in small quantities frequently repeated. Or by renewing the action of the stomach by slight electric shocks. Or by fomenting it frequently with water heated to 96 or 100 degrees. Or lastly by exciting its power of association with other parts of the system, as by a blister; which succeeds best when the extremities are cool; or by swinging, as in vertigo rotatoria.

If by the stimulus of the Peruvian bark on the fibres of the stomach, they regain their due action, the heart and arteries also regain their due action; as their sensorial power of association is now excited, and expended as usual. And as there is then no accumulation of sensorial power in the heart and arteries, the capillaries cease to act with too great energy, and the fever is cured.

Thirdly. If the heart and arteries could be themselves stimulated into greater action, although the stomach remained torpid, they might probably by expending a greater quantity of the sensorial power of irritation, prevent an accumulation of the sensorial power of association, (for these may possibly be only different modes of action of the spirit of animation,) and thus the too great action of the capillaries might be prevented and the fever cease. This new mode of cure might possibly be accomplished, if the patient was to breathe a gallon or two of pure or diluted oxygene gas frequently in a day; which by passing through the moist membranes of the lungs and uniting with the blood might render it more stimulant, and thus excite the heart and arteries into greater action.

Fourthly. Greater energy might probably be given to the whole system, and particularly to those parts which act too feebly in fevers, as the stomach and the heart and arteries, if the action of the secerning vessels of the brain could be increased in energy; this is probably one effect of all those drugs, which when given in large quantity induce intoxication, as wine and opium. And when given with great caution in small quantities uniformly repeated, as from three drops to five of the tincture of opium, but not more, every six hours, I believe they supply an efficacious medicine in fevers with great arterial debility; and the more so, if the Peruvian bark be exhibited alternately every six hours along with them. There are other means of exciting the vessels of the brain into action; as first by decreasing the stimulus of heat by temporary cold fomentation; secondly, increasing the stimulus of heat by long continued warm fomentation; thirdly, by electricity, as very small shocks passed through it in all directions; and lastly by blisters on the head. All those require to be used with great caution, and especially where there exists an evident stupor, as the removing of that is I believe frequently injurious. See stupor, Class I. 2. 5. 10.

The cure of fever with strong pulse consists in the repeated use of venesection, gentle cathartics, diluents; medicines producing sickness, as antimonials, digitalis; or the respiration of carbonated hydrogen; or by respiration of atmospheric air lowered by a mixture of hydrogen, azote, or carbonic acid gas, or by compressing the brain by whirling in a decumbent posture, as if lying across an horizontal mill-stone. See the former parts of this supplement for the methods of cure both of fevers with strong and weak pulse.

10. When any difficulty occurs in determining the weak pulse from the strong one, it may generally be assisted by counting its frequency. For when an adult patient lies horizontally in a cool room, and is not hurried or alarmed by the approach of his physician, nor stimulated by wine or opium, the strong pulse seldom exceeds 118 or 120 in a minute; and the weak pulse is generally not much below 130, and often much above that number. Secondly in sitting up in bed, or changing the horizontal to a perpendicular posture, the quickness of the weak pulse is liable immediately to increase 10 or 20 pulsations in a minute, which does not I believe occur in the strong pulse, when the patient has rested himself after the exertion of rising.

XVII. Conclusion.

Thus have I given an outline of what may be termed the sympathetic theory of fevers, to distinguish it from the mechanic theory of Boerhaave, the spasmodic theory of Hoffman and of Cullen, and the putrid theory of Pringle. What I have thus delivered, I beg to be considered rather as observations and conjectures, than as things explained and demonstrated; to be considered as a foundation and a scaffolding, which may enable future industry to erect a solid and a beautiful edifice, eminent both for its simplicity and utility, as well as for the permanency of its materials,—which may not moulder, like the structures already erected, into the sand of which they were composed; but which may stand unimpaired, like the Newtonian philosophy, a rock amid the waste of ages!

* * * * *

ADDITIONS.

* * * * *

ADDITION I.

At the end of the article Canities, in Class I. 2. 2. 11. please to add the following:

As mechanical injury from a percussion, or a wound, or a caustic, is liable to occasion the hair of the part to become grey; so I suspect the compression of parts against each other of some animals in the womb is liable to render the hair of those parts of a lighter colour; as seems often to occur in black cats and dogs. A small terrier bitch now stands by me, which is black on all those parts, which were external, when she was wrapped up in the uterus, teres atque rotunda; and those parts white, which were most constantly pressed together; and those parts tawny, which were generally but less constantly pressed together. Thus the hair of the back from the forehead to the end of the tail is black, as well as that of the sides, and external parts of the legs, both before and behind.

As in the uterus the chin of the whelp is bent down, and lies in contact with the fore part of the neck and breast; the tail is applied close against the division of the thighs behind; the inside of the hinder thighs are pressed close to the sides of the belly, all these parts have white hairs.

The fore-legs in the uterus lie on each side of the face; so that the feet cover part of the temples, and compress the prominent part of the upper eye-brows, but are so placed as to defend the eye-balls from pressure; it is curious to observe, that the hair of the sides of the face, and of the prominent upper eye-brows, are tawny, and of the inside of the feet and legs, which covered them; for as this posture admitted of more change in the latter weeks of gestation, the colour of these parts is not so far removed from black, as of those parts, where the contact or compression was more uniform.

Where this uterine compression of parts has not been so great as to render the hair white in other animals, it frequently happens, that the extremities of the body are white, as the feet, and noses, and tips of the ears of dogs and cats and horses, where the circulation is naturally weaker; whence it would seem, that the capillary glands, which form the hair, are impeded in the first instance by compression, and in the last by the debility of the circulation in them. See Class I. 1. 2. 15.

This day, August 8th, 1794, I have seen a negro, who was born (as he reports) of black parents, both father and mother, at Kingston in Jamaica, who has many large white blotches on the skin of his limbs and body; which I thought felt not so soft to the finger, as the black parts. He has a white divergent blaze from the summit of his nose to the vertex of his head; the upper part of which, where it extends on the hairy scalp, has thick curled hair, like the other part of his head, but quite white. By these marks I supposed him to be the same black, who is described, when only two years old, in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. II. page 292, where a female one is likewise described with nearly similar marks.

The joining of the frontal bones, and the bregma, having been later than that of the other sutures of the cranium, probably gave cause to the whiteness of the hair on these parts by delaying or impeding its growth.

ADDITION II.

The following extract from a letter of Dr. Beddoes on hydrocephalus internus, I esteem a valuable addition to the article on that subject at Class I. 2. 3. 12.

"Master L——, aged 9 years, became suddenly ill in the night about a week before I saw him. On the day before the attack, he had taken opening medicines, and had bathed afterwards. He had complained of violently acute pain in his head, shrieked frequently, ground his teeth hard, could not bear to have his head raised from the pillow, and was torpid or deaf. His tongue was white, pulse 110 in the evening and full. As yet the pupil of the eye was irritable, and he had no strabismus. He had been bled with leeches about the head, and blistered. I directed mercurial inunction, and calomel from 3 to 6 grains to be taken at first every six, and afterwards every three hours. This plan produced no sensible effect, and the patient died on the 18th day after the seizure. He had convulsion fits two days preceding his death, and the well-known symptoms of hydrocephalus internus all made their appearance. From what I had seen and read of this disease, I believed it to belong to inflammations, and at an earlier period I should be tempted to bleed as largely as for pneumonia. The fluid found after death in the ventricules of the brain I impute to debility of the absorbents induced by inflammation. My reasons are briefly these; 1. The acuteness of the pain. 2. The state of the pulse. In the above case for the first 9 or 10 days it did not exceed 110, and was full and strong.

3. To find out whether any febrile alternations took place, Master L.'s feet were frequently felt, and they were found at times cold, and at other times of a dry heat. I have many times seen this disease, but the patients were too young, or too far advanced, to inform me, whether they had chillness succeeded by heat at its onset. 4. The disorders to which the young are more peculiarly liable afford a presumption, that hydrocephalus internus is an inflammatory disease; and this is confirmed by the regularity of the period, within which it finishes its course. And lastly, does it not happen more frequently than is suspected from external injury?

I have just now been well informed, that Dr. Rush has lately cured five out of six patients by copious bleedings. I relate here the reasons for an opinion without pretending to a discovery. Something like this doctrine may be found in certain modern publications, but it is delivered in that vague and diffuse style, which I trust your example will banish from medical literature."

Clifton, near Bristol, July 28, 1795.

To this idea of Dr. Beddoes may be added, that the hydrocele generally succeeds an injury, and consequent inflammation of the bag, which contains it. And that other dropsies, which principally attend inebriates, are consequent to too great action of the mucous membranes by the stimulus of beer, wine, and spirits. And lastly, that as these cases of hydrocephalus end so fatally, a new mode of treating them is much to be desired, and deserves to be seriously attended to.

ADDITION III. ON VERTIGO.

To be placed after the additional Note at the end of Vol. I. on this Subject.

Having reperused the ingenious Essay of Dr. Wells on Single Vision, and his additional observations in the Gentleman's Magazine on the apparent retrogression of objects in vertigo, I am induced to believe, that this apparent retrogression of objects is not always owing to the same cause.

When a person revolves with his eyes closed, till he becomes vertiginous, and then stands still without opening them, he seems for a while to go forward in the same direction. This hallucination of his ideas cannot be owing to ocular spectra, because, as Dr. Wells observes, no such can have been formed; but it must arise from a similar continuance or repetition of ideas belonging to the sense of touch, instead of to the sense of vision; and should therefore be called a tangible, not a visual, vertigo. In common language this belief of continuing to revolve for some time, after he stands still, when a person has turned round for a minute in the dark, would be called a deception of imagination.

Now at this time if he opens his eyes upon a gilt book, placed with other books on a shelf about the height of his eye, the gilt book seems to recede in the contrary direction; though his eyes are at this time kept quite still, as well as the gilt book. For if his eyes were not kept still, other books would fall on them in succession; which, when I repeatedly made the experiment, did not occur; and which thus evinces, that no motion of the eyes is the cause of the apparent retrocession of the gilt book. Why then does it happen?—Certainly from an hallucination of ideas, or in common language the deception of imagination.

The vertiginous person still imagines, that he continues to revolve forwards, after he has opened his eyes; and in consequence that the objects, which his eyes happen to fall upon, are revolving backward; as they would appear to do, if he was actually turning round with his eyes open. For he has been accustomed to observe the motions of bodies, whether apparent or real, so much more frequently by the eye than by the touch; that the present belief of his gyration, occasioned by the hallucinations of the sense of touch, is attended with ideas of such imagined motions of visible objects, as have always accompanied his former gyrations, and have thus been associated with the muscular actions and perceptions of touch, which occurred at the same time.

When the remains of colours are seen in the eye, they are termed ocular spectra; when remaining sounds are heard in the ear, they may be called auricular murmurs; but when the remaining motions, or ideas, of the sense of touch continue, as in this vertigo of a blindfolded person, they have acquired no name, but may be termed evanescent titillations, or tangible hallucinations.

Whence I conclude, that vertigo may have for its cause either the ocular spectra of the sense of vision, when a person revolves with his eyes open; or the auricular murmurs of the sense of hearing, if he is revolved near a cascade; or the evanescent titillations of the sense of touch, if he revolves blindfold. All these I should wish to call vanishing ideas, or sensual motions, of those organs of sense; which, ideas, or sensual motions, have lately been associated in a circle, and therefore for a time continue to be excited. And what are the ideas of colours, when they are excited by imagination or memory, but the repetition of finer ocular spectra? What the idea of sounds, but the repetition of finer auricular murmurs? And what the ideas of tangible objects, but the repetition of finer evanescent titillations?

The tangible, and the auricular, and the visual vertigo, are all perceived by many people for a day or two after long travelling in a boat or coach; the motions of the vessel, or vehicle, or of the surrounding objects, and the noise of the wheels and oars, occur at intervals of reverie, or at the commencement of sleep. See Sect. XX. 5. These ideas, or sensual motions, of sight, of hearing, and of touch, are succeeded by the same effects as the ocular spectra, the auricular murmurs, and the evanescent titillations above mentioned; that is, by a kind of vertigo, and cannot in that respect be distinguished from them. Which is a further confirmation of the truth of the doctrine delivered in Sect. III. of this work, that the colours remaining in the eyes, which are termed ocular spectra, are ideas, or sensual motions, belonging to the sense of vision, which for too long a time continue their activity.

ADDITION IV. OF VOLUNTARY MOTIONS.

A correspondent acquaints me, that he finds difficulty in understanding how the convulsions of the limbs in epilepsy can be induced by voluntary exertions. This I suspect first to have arisen from the double meaning of the words "involuntary motions;" which are sometimes used for those motions, which are performed without the interference of volition, as the pulsations of the heart and arteries; and at other times for those actions, which occur, where two counter volitions oppose each other, and the stronger prevails; as in endeavouring to suppress laughter, and to stop the shudderings, when exposed to cold. Thus when the poet writes,

———video meliora, proboque, Deteriora sequor.——

The stronger volition actuates the system, but not without the counteraction of unavailing smaller ones; which constitute deliberation.

A second difficulty may have arisen from the confined use of the words "to will," which in common discourse generally mean to choose after deliberation; and hence our will or volition is supposed to be always in our own power. But the will or voluntary power, acts always from motive, as explained in Sect. XXXIV. 1. and in Class IV. 1. 3. 2. and III. 2. 1. 12. which motive can frequently be examined previous to action, and balanced against opposite motives, which is called deliberation; at other times the motive is so powerful as immediately to excite the sensorial power of volition into action, without a previous balancing of opposite motives, or counter volitions. The former of these volitions is exercised in the common purposes of life, and the latter in the exertions of epilepsy and insanity.

It is difficult to think without words, which however all those must do, who discover new truths by reasoning; and still more difficult, when the words in common use deceive us by their twofold meanings, or by the inaccuracy of the ideas, which they suggest.

ADDITION V. OF FIGURE.

I feel myself much obliged by the accurate attention given to the first volume of Zoonomia, and by the ingenious criticisms bestowed on it, by the learned writers of that article both in the Analytical and English Reviews. Some circumstances, in which their sentiments do not accord with those expressed in the work, I intend to reconsider, and to explain further at some future time. One thing, in which both these gentlemen seem to dissent from me, I shall now mention, it is concerning the manner, in which we acquire the idea of figure; a circumstance of great importance in the knowledge of our intellect, as it shews the cause of the accuracy of our ideas of motion, time, space, number, and of the mathematical sciences, which are concerned in the mensurations or proportions of figure.

This I imagine may have in part arisen from the prepossession, which has almost universally prevailed, that ideas are immaterial beings, and therefore possess no properties in common with solid matter. Which I suppose to be a fanciful hypothesis, like the stories of ghosts and apparitions, which have so long amused, and still amuse, the credulous without any foundation in nature.

The existence of our own bodies, and of their solidity, and of their figure, and of their motions, is taken for granted in my account of ideas; because the ideas themselves are believed to consist of motions or configurations of solid fibres; and the question now proposed is, how we become acquainted with the figures of bodies external to our organs of sense? Which I can only repeat from what is mentioned in Sect. XIV. 2. 2. that if part of an organ of sense be stimulated into action, as of the sense of touch, that part so stimulated into action must possess figure, which must be similar to the figure of the body, which stimulates it.

Another previous prepossession of the mind, which may have rendered the manner of our acquiring the knowledge of figure less intelligible, may have arisen from the common opinion of the perceiving faculty residing in the head; whereas our daily experience shews, that our perception (which consists of an idea, and of the pleasure or pain it occasions) exists principally in the organ of sense, which is stimulated into action; as every one, who burns his finger in the candle, must be bold to deny.

When an ivory triangle is pressed on the palm of the hand, the figure of the surface of the part of the organ of touch thus compressed is a triangle, resembling in figure the figure of the external body, which compresses it. The action of the stimulated fibres, which constitute the idea of hardness and of figure, remains in this part of the sensorium, which forms the sense of touch; but the sensorial motion, which constitutes pleasure or pain, and which is excited in consequence of these fibrous motions of the organ of sense, is propagated to the central parts of the sensorium, or to the whole of it; though this generally occurs in less degree of energy, than it exists in the stimulated organ of sense; as in the instance above mentioned of burning a finger in the candle.

Some, who have espoused the doctrine of the immateriality of ideas, have seriously doubted the existence of a material world, with which only our senses acquaint us; and yet have assented to the existence of spirit, with which our senses cannot acquaint us; and have finally allowed, that all our knowledge is derived through the medium of our senses! They forget, that if the spirit of animation had no properties in common with matter, it could neither affect nor be affected by the material body. But the knowledge of our own material existence being granted, which I suspect few rational persons will seriously deny, the existence of a material external world follows in course; as our perceptions, when we are awake and not insane, are distinguished from those excited by sensation, as in our dreams, and from those excited by volition or by association as in insanity and reverie, by the power we have of comparing the present perceptions of one sense with those of another, as explained in Sect. XIV. 2. 5. And also by comparing the tribes of ideas, which the symbols of pictures, or of languages, suggest to us, by intuitive analogy with our previous experience, that is, with the common course of nature. See Class III. 2. 2. 3. on Credulity.

ADDITION VI.

Please to add the following in page 14, after line 20.

Cold and hot Fit.

As the torpor, with which a fit of fever commences, is sometimes owing to defect of stimulus, as in going into the cold-bath; and sometimes to a previous exhaustion of the sensorial power by the action of some violent stimulus, as after coming out of a hot room into cold air; a longer time must elapse, before there can be a sufficient accumulation of sensorial power to produce a hot fit in one case than in the other. Because in the latter case the quantity of sensorial power previously expended must be supplied, before an accumulation can begin.

The cold paroxysm commences, when the torpor of a part becomes so great, and its motions in consequence so slow or feeble, as not to excite the sensorial power of association; which in health contributes to move the rest of the system, which is catenated with it. And the hot fit commences by the accumulation of the sensorial power of irritation of the part first affected, either so as to counteract its deficient stimulus, or its previous waste of sensorial power; and it becomes general by the accumulation of the sensorial power of association; which is excited by the renovated actions of the part first affected; or becomes so great as to overbalance the deficient excitement of it. On all these accounts the hot fit cannot be supposed to bear any proportion to the cold one in length of time, though the latter may be the consequence of the former. See Suppl. I. 16. 8.

ADDITION VII. ON WARMTH.

To be added at the end of the Species Sudor Calidus, in Class I. 1. 2. 3.

When the heat of the body in weak patients in fevers is increased by the stimulus of the points of flannel, a greater consequent debility succeeds, than when it is produced by the warmth of fire; as in the former the heat is in part owing to the increased activity of the skin, and consequent expenditure of sensorial power; whereas in the latter case it is in part owing to the influx of the fluid matter of heat.

So the warmth produced by equitation, or by rubbing the body and limbs with a smooth brush or hand, as is done after bathing in some parts of the East, does not expend nearly so much sensorial power, as when the warmth is produced by the locomotion of the whole weight of the body by muscular action, as in walking, or running, or swimming. Whence the warmth of a fire is to be preferred to flannel shirts for weak people, and the agitation of a horse to exercise on foot. And I suppose those, who are unfortunately lost in snow, who are on foot, are liable to perish sooner by being exhausted by their muscular exertions; and might frequently preserve themselves by lying on the ground, and covering themselves with snow, before they were too much exhausted by fatigue. See Botan. Garden, Vol. II. the note on Barometz.

ADDITION VIII. PUERPERAL FEVER.

To be added to Class II. 1. 6. 16.

A very interesting account of the puerperal fever, which was epidemic at Aberdeen, has been lately published by Dr. Alexander Gordon. (Robinson, London.) In several dissections of those, who died of this disease, purulent matter was found in the cavity of the abdomen; which he ascribes to an erysipelatous inflammation of the peritonaeum, as its principal seat, and of its productions, as the omentum, mesentery, and peritonaeal coat of the intestines.

He believes, that it was infectious, and that the contagion was always carried by the accoucheur or the nurse from one lying-in woman to another.

The disease began with violent unremitting pain of the abdomen on the day of delivery, or the next day, with shuddering, and very quick pulse, often 140 in a minute. In this situation, if he saw the patient within 12 or 24 hours of her seizure, he took away from 16 to 24 ounces of blood, which was always sizy. He then immediately gave a cathartic consisting of three grains of calomel, and 40 grains of powder of jalap. After this had operated, he gave an opiate at night; and continued the purging and the opiate for several days.

He asserts, that almost all those, whom he was permitted to treat in this manner early in the disease, recovered to the number of 50; and that almost all the rest died. But that when two or three days were elapsed, the patient became too weak for this method; and the matter was already formed, which destroyed them. Except that he saw two patients, who recovered after discharging a large quantity of matter at the navel. And a few, who were relieved by the appearance of external erysipelas on the extremities.

This disease, consisting of an erysipelatous inflammation, may occasion the great debility sooner to occur than in inflammation of the uterus; which latter is neither erysipelatous, I suppose, nor contagious. And the success of Dr. Gordon's practice seems to correspond with that of Dr. Rush in the contagious fever or plague at Philadelphia; which appeared to be much assisted by early evacuations. One case I saw some time ago, where violent unceasing pain of the whole abdomen occurred a few hours after delivery, with quick pulse; which ceased after the patient had twice lost about eight ounces of blood, and had taken a moderate cathartic with calomel.

This case induces me to think, that it might be safer and equally efficacious, to take less blood at first, than Dr. Gordon mentions, and to repeat the operation in a few hours, if the continuance of the symptoms should require it. And the same in respect to the cathartic, which might perhaps be given in less quantity, and repeated every two or three hours.

Nor should I wish to give an opiate after the first venesection and cathartic; as I suspect that this might be injurious, except those evacuations had emptied the vessels so much, that the stimulus of the opiate should act only by increasing the absorption of the new vessels or fluids produced on the surfaces of the inflamed membranes. In other inflammations of the bowels, and in acute rheumatism, I have seen the disease much prolonged, and I believe sometimes rendered fatal, by the too early administration of opiates, either along with cathartics, or at their intervals; while a small dose of opium given after sufficient evacuations produces absorption only by its stimulus, and much contributes to the cure of the patient. We may have visible testimony of this effect of opium, when a solution of it is put into an inflamed eye; if it be thus used previous to sufficient evacuation, it increases the inflammation; if it be used after sufficient evacuation, it increases absorption only, and clears the eye in a very small time.

I cannot omit observing, from considering these circumstances, how unwise is the common practice of giving an opiate to every woman immediately after her delivery, which must often have been of dangerous consequence.

END OF THE SECOND PART.

* * * * *

ZOONOMIAE AUCTORI

S.P.D.

AMICUS.

* * * * *

CURRUS TRIUMPHALIS MEDICINAE.

* * * * *

Currus it Hygeiae, Medicus movet arma triumphans, Undique victa fugit lurida turma mali.—— Laurea dum Phoebi viridis tua tempora cingit, Nec mortale sonans Fama coronat opus; Post equitat trepidans, repetitque Senectus in aurem, Voce canens stridula, "sis memor ipse mori!"

* * * * *

INDEX OF THE CLASSES.

A.

Abortion, i. 2. 1. 14. —— from fear, iv. 3. 1. 7. —— not from epilepsy, iii. 1. 1. 7. —— not from hepatitis, ii. 1. 2. 12. Absorption of solids, i. 2. 2. 14. —— of matter, ii. 1. 6. 2. and 6. —— cellular, iv. 1. 1. 6. —— from the lungs, iv. 3. 1. 5. Suppl. i. 8. 6. Abstinence of young ladies, ii. 2. 2. 1. Accumulation of feces, ii. 2. 2. 7. Acupuncture, iii. 1. 1. 8. Adipsia, ii. 2. 2. 2. Aegritudo ventriculi, i. 2. 4. 4. —— See Sickness. Agrypnia. See Vigilia. Ague-cakes, Suppl. i. 2. 3. Alum in ulcers of the mouth, ii. 1. 3. 1. Ambition, iii. 1. 2. 9. Amaurosis, i. 2. 5. 5. Anasarca of the lungs, i. 2. 3. 16. Anger, iii. 1. 2. 17. Anger, tremor of, iv. 2. 3. 4. —— blush of, iv. 2. 3. 5. Angina. See Tonsillitis. —— pectoris. See Asthma painful. Anhelitus, ii. 1. 1. 4. Anhelatio spasmodica, i. 3. 3. 3. Annulus repens, ii. 1. 5. 10. Anorexia, ii. 2. 2. 1. —— maniacalis, Suppl. i. 14. 3. —— epileptica, ii. 2. 2. 1. iii. 1. 1. 7. Apepsia, i. 3. 1. 3. Suppl. i. 8. 11. Aphtha, ii. 1. 3. 17. Apoplexy, iii. 2. 1. 16. Appetite defective, ii. 2. 2. 1. —— depraved, iii. 1. 2. 19. —— from abstinence, ii. 2. 2. 1. —— destroyed, iii. 1. 2. 20. —— from epilepsy, ii. 2. 2. 1. Arm, pain of, iv. 2. 2. 13. —— palsy of, iii. 2. 1. 4. Arsenic in tooth-ach, i. 2. 4. 12. —— in head-ach, i. 2. 4. 11. Arthrocele, ii. 1. 4. 17. Arthropuosis, ii. 1. 4. 18. Arthritis. See Gout. Ascarides, i. 1. 4. 12. iv. 1. 2. 9. Ascites, i. 2. 3. 13. Associations affected four ways, iv. 1. 1. G. —— how produced, iv. 1. 1. H. —— distinct from catenations, iv. 1. 1. A. —— three kinds of, iv. 1. 1. B. —— tertian, iv. 1. 1. K. —— of the fauces and pubis, iv. 1. 2. 7. —— sensitive, a law of, iv. 2. 2. 2. —— sensitive iv. 2. 1. —— accumulates, Suppl. i. 8. 3. i. 11. 4. Asthma humoral, ii. 1. 1. 7. i. 3. 2. 8. —— of infants, i. 1. 3. 4. —— convulsive, iii. 1. 1. 10. —— painful, iii. 1. 1. 11. Auditus acrior, i. 1. 5. 2. —— imminutus, i. 2. 5. 6. Azote, Suppl. i. 9. 3. i. 11. 6.

B.

Bandages, ill effect of, ii. 1. 1. 12. —— promote absorption, i. 1. 3. 13. Bath, cold, i. 2. 2. 1. —— warm, Addit. vii. Beauty, iii. 1. 2. 4. —— loss of, iii. 1. 2. 12. Bile-duct, pain of, iv. 2. 2. 4. Bile crystalized, i. 1. 3. 8. Bitter taste, i. 1. 3. 1. —— not from bile, i. 1. 3. 1. Bleeding. See Haemorrhage. Bladder, distention of, ii. 2. 2. 6. —— stone of, i. 1. 3. 10. —— catarrh of, ii. 1. 4. 11. Blindness, i. 2. 5. 5. Blush of anger, iv. 2. 3. 5. Suppl. i. 12. 7. —— of guilt, iv. 2. 3. 6. Suppl. i. 12. 7. Bones, innutrition of, i. 2. 2. 14. —— caries of, ii. 1. 4. 19. Borborigmus, i. 3. 1. 9. Bougies, ii. 1. 4. 11. Brachiorum paralysis, iii. 2. 1. 4. Brain stimulated, Suppl. i. 16. 9. Bronchocele, i. 2. 3. 20. Burns, i. 1. 3. 13. Butterflies, experiment on, i. 1. 2. 3.

C.

Cacositia, iii. 1. 2. 20. Calculi productio, i. 1. 3. 9. ii. 1. 2. 14. —— renis, i. 1. 3. 9. iv. 2. 3. 3. —— vesicae, i. 1. 3. 10. iv. 2. 2. 2. Callico shirts, i. 1. 2. 3. Callus, i. 2. 2. 12. Canities. See Hair grey. Calor febrilis, i. 1. 2. 1. Calves fed on gruel, i. 1. 2. 5. —— hydatides of, i. 2. 5. 4. Cancer, ii. 1. 4. 16. ii. 1. 6. 13. Cantharides, large dose of, iv. 2. 2. 2. Carbonic acid gas, Suppl. i. 9. 3. Cardialgia, i. 2. 4. 5. Carcinoma, ii. 1. 4. 16. ii. 1. 6. 13. Caries ossium, ii. 1. 4. 19. Cataract, i. 2. 2. 13. Catarrh, warm, i. 1. 2. 7. —— cold, i. 2. 3. 3. —— lymphatic, i. 3. 2. 1. —— sensitive, ii. 1. 3. 5. —— epidemic, ii. 1. 3. 6. —— of dogs and horses, ii. 1. 3. 6. —— from cold skin, iv. 1. 1. 5. —— periodic, iv. 3. 4. 1. Catamenia, i. 2. 1. 11. iv. 2. 4. 7. Catalepsis, iii. 2. 1. 9. Cats, mumps of, ii. 1. 3. 4. Cephalaea frigida, i. 2. 4. 11. iv. 2. 2. 7. Charcoal tooth-powder, i. 2. 4. 12. Cheek, torpor of, iv. 2. 2. 1. Chicken pox, ii. 1. 3. 15. Chin-cough, ii. 1. 3. 8. Child-bed fever, ii. 1. 6. 16. Children, new born, ii. 1. 1. 12. —— gripes and purging of, i. 1. 2. 5. Chlorosis, i. 2. 3. 10. Suppl. i. 8. 11. Chorea St. Viti, iv. 2. 3. 2. Citta, iii. 1. 2. 19. Clamor, iii. 1. 1. 3. Clavicular animals, ii. 1. 2. 6. Clavus hystericus, iv. 2. 2. 8. Claudicatio coxaria, i. 2. 2. 17. Cold in the head. See Catarrh. Colic, flatulent, i. 2. 4. 7. —— from lead, i. 2. 4. 8. —— hysteric, i. 2. 4. 7. iii. 1. 1. 8. Cold air in fevers, iii. 2. 1. 12. iv. 2. 4. 11. —— effects of, iii. 2. 1. 17. —— how to be used, iv. 1. 1. 4. Compassion, iii. 1. 2. 24. Consumption, ii. 1. 6. 7. Convulsion, iii. 1. 1. 5. —— weak, iii. 1. 1. 5. —— from bad air, iii. 1. 1. 5. —— painful, iii. 1. 1. 6. iv. 2. 4. 5. Consternation, i. 1. 5. 11. Constipation, i. 1. 3. 5. ii. 2. 2. 7. Contagious matter of two kinds, ii. 1. 3. —— is oxygenated, ii. 1. 5. —— produces fever, how, Suppl. i. 16. 7. Cornea to perforate, i. 1. 3. 14. —— scars of seen on milk, i. 1. 3. 14. Corpulency, i. 2. 3. 17. Coryza. See Catarrh. Costiveness, i. 1. 3. 5. ii. 2. 2. 7. Cough of drunkards, ii. 1. 1. 5. —— hooping, ii. 1. 3. 8. —— hepatic, iv. 2. 1. 8. —— gouty, iv. 2. 1. 9. —— periodic, iv. 2. 4. 6. iv. 3. 4. 2. —— from cold feet, iv. 2. 1. 7. Cows, pestilence of, ii. 1. 3. 13. —— bloody urine of, ii. 1. 3. 13. Cramp, iii. 1. 1. 13. —— painful, iii. 1. 1. 14. —— in diarrhoea, iv. 1. 2. 10. Crab-lice, i. 1. 4. 14. Credulity, iii. 2. 2. 3. Crines novi, i. 1. 2. 15. Croup, i. 1. 3. 4. ii. 1. 2. 4. ii. 1. 3. 3. Crusta lactea, ii. 1. 5. 12. Cutis arida, i. 1. 3. 6. Cynanche. See Tonsillitis. —— parotidaea. See Parotitis.

D.

Darkness in fevers, i. 2. 5. 3. Deafness, two kinds of, i. 2. 5. 6. Debility, three kinds of, i. 2. 1. —— and strength metaphors, i. 2. 1. Decussation of nerves, iii. 2. 1. 10. Deglutition, ii. 1. 1. 1. —— involuntary, iv. 1. 3. 1. Dentition, i. 1. 4. 5. Dentium dolor a stridore, iv. 1. 2. 3. Descent of the uterus, i. 1. 4. 8. Diabetes, i. 3. 2. 6. —— foul tongue in, i. 1. 3. 1. —— irritative, iv. 3. 1. 1. —— from fear, iv. 3. 1. 3. Diarrhoea warm, i. 1. 2. 5. —— of infants, i. 1. 2. 5. —— lymphatic, i. 3. 2. 4. —— chyliferous, i. 3. 2. 5. —— cold, i. 2. 3. 6. —— rheumatic, iv. 1. 2. 16. —— from fear, iv. 3. 1. 4. —— from toothing, iv. 2. 2. 14. —— in fevers, Suppl. i. 2. 4. —— cure of, iv. 1. 1. f. Digestion increased by cold, iv. 1. 1. 4. —— decreased by cold, iv. 2. 1. 6. Dilirium febrile, ii. 1. 7. 1. —— of drunkenness, ii. 1. 7. 3. —— maniacal, ii. 1. 7. 2. —— in parotitis, iv. 1. 2. 19. Diluents, use of, ii. 1. 2. 1. Distention of the nipples, ii. 1. 7. 10. iv. 1. 2. 7. Diuretics useless in dropsy, i. 1. 3. 7. Dizziness. See Vertigo. Dogs, catarrh of, ii. 1. 3. 6. Dolor digiti sympathet, iv. 2. 2. 12. —— ductus choledochi, iv. 2. 2. 4. —— humeri in hepatitide, iv. 2. 2. 9. —— pharyngis ab acido, iv. 2. 2. 5. —— testium nephriticus, iv. 2. 2. 11. —— urens, i. 1. 5. 10. Dracunculus, i. 1. 4. 13. Dreams, ii. 1. 7. 4. Dropsy of the brain, i. 2. 3. 12. —— of the belly, i. 2. 3. 13. —— of the chest, i. 2. 3. 14. —— of the ovary, i. 2. 3. 15. —— of the lungs, i. 2. 3. 16. —— of the scrotum, i. 2. 3. 11. Dysentery, ii. 1. 3. 18. Dysmenorrhagia, i. 2. 1. 12. Dyspnoea from cold bath, iv. 2. 1. 5. —— rheumatica, iv. 1. 2. 16. Dyspepsia, i. 3. 1. 3. —— a frigore, iv. 2. 1. 6. Dysuria insensitiva, ii. 2. 2. 6.

E.

Ears, discharge behind, i. 1. 2. 9. —— noise in them, iv. 2. 1. 15. Ear-ach, iv. 2. 2. 8. Ebrietas, i. 1. 1. 2. Education, iii. 2. 1. 8. iii. 1. 2. 24. —— heroic, iii. 1. 2. 25. Egg boiled for inflamed eyes, ii. 1. 4. 1. —— boiled soonest, Suppl. i. 7. —— life of, iv. 1. 4. 1. Electric shocks, iv. 1. 4. 5. Electrized zinc and silver, i. 2. 5. 5. —— in paralysis, ii. 1. 1. 9. —— in scrophula, i. 2. 3. 21. —— in hoarseness, iii. 2. 1. 5. Empyema, ii. 1. 6. 4. Enteralgia rheumatica, iv. 1. 2. 16. Enteritis, ii. 1. 2. 11. —— superficialis, ii. 1. 3. 20. Epilepsy, iii. 1. 1. 7. iv. 3. 1. 6. —— painful, iii. 1. 1. 8. iv. 2. 4. 4. —— terminates with sleep, iii. 1. 1. —— in parturition, iii. 1. 1. 7. —— with indigestion, ii. 2. 2. 1. Epistaxis. See Haemorraghia. Epoulosis. See Cicatrix. Erotomania, iii. 1. 2. 4. Eructation, voluntary, iv. 3. 3. 3. Eruption of small-pox, iv. 1. 2. 12. iv. 2. 2. 10. Erysipelas, iv. 1. 2. 17. ii. 1. 3. 2. iv. 2. 4. 10. —— seldom suppurates, why, ii. 1. 3. 2. Esuries, i. 2. 4. 2. Evil, i. 2. 3. 21. Expectoration, warm, i. 1. 2. 8. —— solid, i. 1. 3. 4. —— cold, i. 2. 3. 4. Exsudation behind the ears, i. 1. 2. 9. Eyes, blue under the, i. 2. 2. 2. ii. 1. 4. 4. Eyelid inverted, cure of, ii. 1. 1. 8. —— coloured with antimony, ii. 1. 4. 3.

F.

Face, pimpled, ii. 1. 4. 6. —— red after meals, Suppl. i. 12. 7. —— flushed after dinner, iv. 1. 1. 1. Fat people why short breathed, ii. 1. 1. 4. Fear, syncope from, i. 2. 1. 4. —— abortion from, iv. 3. 1. 7. —— produces absorption, ii. 1. 6. 4. —— paleness in, iv. 3. 1. 5. —— of death, iii. 1. 2. 14. —— of hell, iii. 1. 2. 15. —— of poverty, iii. 1. 2. 13. Feet cold produces heartburn. Suppl. i. 8. 5. —— fetid, i. 1. 2. 14. —— cold in small-pox, iv. 2. 2. 10. Fevers, five kinds, ii. 1. 2. Suppl. i. 1. 2. —— irritative, i. 1. 1. 1. iv. 1. 1. 8. —— inirritative, i. 2. 1. 1. iv. 2. 1. 19. Suppl. i. 1. 2. —— sensitive, ii. 1. 6. 1. —— sensitive irritated, ii. 1. 2. 1. —— sensitive inirritated, ii. 1. 3. 1. —— intermit, why, Suppl. i. —— continue, why, Suppl. i. —— periods of, iv. 2. 4. 11. —— simple, Suppl. i. 1. —— compound, Suppl. i. 2. —— termination of cold fit, Suppl. i. 3. —— return of cold fit, Suppl. i. 4. —— sensation in, Suppl. i. 5. —— circles of motions in, Suppl. i. 6. —— cold and hot fits, Suppl. i. 7. —— continued, Suppl. i. 8. —— torpor of lungs in, Suppl. i. 9. 1. —— not determinable in cold fit, i. 1. 1. 1. —— frequency of pulse in, i. 1. 1. 1. —— not an effort to cure, i. 1. 2. 3. —— puerperal, ii. 1. 6. 16. i. 2. 4. 9. —— from inclosed matter, ii. 1. 6. 2. —— from aerated matter, ii. 1. 6. 6. —— from contagious matter, ii. 1. 6. 11. —— from contagious sanies, ii. 1. 6. 15. —— torpor of the stomach, Suppl. i. 12. —— case of, Suppl. i. 13. —— termination of, Suppl. i. 14. —— inflammation excited, Suppl. i. 15. —— returns of, Suppl. i. 4. —— when cold air in, Suppl. i. 2. 2. —— sympathetic, theory of, Suppl. i. —— duration of explained, Suppl. i. 2. 5. Fingers, playing with, iv. 1. 3. 4. —— pain of, iv. 2. 2. 12. Fish live longer with injured brain, i. 2. 5. 10. Fistula in ano, ii. 1. 4. 10. —— lacrymalis, ii. 1. 4. 9. —— urethra, ii. 1. 4. 11. Flannel shirt in diarrhoea, iv. 1. 1. 3. —— injurious in summer, i. 1. 2. 3. Fluor albus warm, i. 1. 2. 11. —— cold, i. 2. 3. 7. Frigus febrile, i. 2. 2. 1. —— chronicum, i. 2. 2. 1.

G.

Gall-stone, i. 1. 3. 8. Gangreen, ii. 1. 6. 17. Gargles, ii. 1. 3. 3. Gastritis, ii. 1. 2. 10. —— superficialis, ii. 1. 3. 19. Genu tumor albus, i. 2. 3. 19. Gleet. See Gonorrhoea. Globus hystericus, i. 3. 1. 7. Gonorrhoea warm, i. 1. 2. 10. —— cold, i. 2. 3. 8. Gout, iv. 1. 2. 15. iv. 2. 4. 9. —— of the liver, ii. 1. 1. 7. —— cases of, iv. 1. 2. 15. —— cough, iv. 2. 1. 9. —— of the stomach, i. 2. 4. 6. —— haemorrhage in, i. 1. 1. 4. Grace defined, iii. 1. 2. 4. Gravel distinguished from salts, i. 1. 3. 10. Gravitation, iv. 2. 4. Green-sickness. See Chlorosis. Grief, iii. 1. 2. 10. Gripes of children, i. 1. 2. 5. iv. 2. 1. 3. Gustus acrior, i. 1. 5. 4. —— imminutus, i. 2. 5. 8. Gutta rosea, ii. 1. 4. 6. iv. 1. 2. 13. and 14. —— serena, i. 2. 5. 5.

H.

Haemorrhage arterial, i. 1. 1. 3. —— of the lungs, i. 1. 1. 4. —— of the nose, i. 1. 1. 5. —— venous, i. 2. 1. 5. —— of the rectum, i. 2. 1. 6. —— of the kidnies, i. 2. 1. 7. —— of the liver, i. 2. 1. 8. Haemoptoe arterial, i. 1. 1. 4. —— venous, i. 2. 1. 9. Haemorrhois cruenta, i. 2. 1. 6. iv. 2. 4. 8. —— alba, i. 1. 2. 12. Hair, grey, i. 2. 2. 11. —— new, i. 1. 2. 15. —— white by uterine pressure, Addit. i. Hallucination of sight, ii. 1. 7. 5. —— of hearing, ii. 1. 7. 6. —— maniacal, iii. 1. 2. 1. —— studiosa, iii. 1. 2. 2. Harrogate water fact, i. 1. 4. 12. Head-ach. See Hemicrania and Cephalaea. Hearing acuter, i. 1. 5. 2. —— diminished, i. 2. 5. 6. Heart-burn, i. 2. 4. 5. Heart stimulated, Suppl. i. 11. 7. i. 16. 9. Heat, animal, i. 1. 2. 1. i. 1. 2. 3. —— sense of acuter, i. 1. 5. 6. —— elemental, iv. 2. 4. —— hectic lessened by swinging, iv. 2. 1. 10. —— not perceived by the lungs, iii. 1. 1. 10. —— not estimated by thermometers, Suppl. i. 7. —— of the breath, Suppl. i. 2. 2. Hemicrania, iv. 2. 2. 8. iv. 2. 4. 3. —— relieved by mercury, iv. 2. 2. 8. Hemiplegia, iii. 2. 1. 10. Hepatis tumor, i. 2. 3. 9. Hepatitis, ii. 1. 2. 12. —— chronica, ii. 1. 4. 12. Herpes, ii. 1. 5. 8. —— nephritica, iv. 1. 2. 11. Hiccough, ii. 1. 1. 6. iv. 1. 1. 7. Hip-joint injured, i. 2. 2. 17. Hoarseness, ii. 1. 3. 5. iii. 2. 1. 5. Horses, broken wind of, i. 2. 4. 9. Humectation of the body, iv. 1. 4. 7. Hunger, i. 2. 4. 2. Hydatides in calves, i. 2. 5. 4. Hydrocele, i. 2. 3. 11. Hydrocephalus inter, i. 2. 3. 12. i. 2. 5. 4. iii. 2. 1. 10. —— from inflammation, Addit. ii. Hydrogene gas. Suppl. i. 9. 3. i. 11. 6. —— in fevers, Suppl. i. 11. 6. i. 16. 9. Hydrothorax, i. 2. 3. 14. case of, iv. 2. 2. 13. Hydro-carbonate gas, Suppl. i. 9. 1. Suppl. i. 15. 3. Hydrops ovarii, i. 2. 3. 15. Hydrophobia, i. 3. 1. 11. iii. 1. 1. 15. iv. 1. 2. 7. Hypochondriasis, i. 2. 4. 10. Hysteralgia frigida, i. 2. 4. 17. Hysteria, i. 3. 1. 10. Suppl. i. 8. 11. —— from fear, iv. 3. 1. 8. —— from cold, iv. 3. 4. 3. —— convulsions in, iii. 1. 1. 5. —— laughter in, iii. 1. 1. 5. Hysteritis, ii. 1. 2. 16.

I.

Jactitatio, iii. 1. 1. 1. Jaundice, i. 1. 3. 8. i. 2. 4. 19. Icterus, i. 1. 3. 8. i. 2. 4. 19. Ileus, i. 3. 1. 6. ii. 1. 2. 11. Impotentia, ii. 2. 2. 3. Indigestion, i. 3. 1. 3. —— See Anorexia and Apepsia. —— from cold feet, iv. 2. 1. 6. Sup. i. 8. 5. Incubus, iii. 2. 1. 13. Infants, green stools of, i. 1. 2. 5. —— new born, ii. 1. 1. 12. Inflammation of the eye, ii. 1. 2. 2. —— superficial, ii. 1. 4. 1. —— of the brain, ii. 1. 2. 3. —— of the lungs, ii. 1. 2. 4. —— superficial, ii. 1. 3. 7. —— of the pleura, ii. 1. 2. 5. —— of the diaphragm, ii. 1. 2. 6. —— of the heart, ii. 1. 2. 7. —— of the peritoneum, ii. 1. 2. 8. —— of the mesentery, ii. 1. 2. 9. —— of the stomach, ii. 1. 2. 10. —— superficial, ii. 1. 3. 19. —— of the bowels, ii. 1. 2. 11. —— superficial, ii. 1. 3. 20. —— of the liver, ii. 1. 2. 12. —— chronical, ii. 1. 4. 12. —— of the spleen, ii. 1. 2. 13. Sup. i. 16. 6. —— of the kidnies, ii. 1. 2. 14. —— of the bladder, ii. 1. 2. 15. —— of the womb, ii. 1. 2. 16. —— of the tonsils, ii. 1. 3. 3. —— of the parotis, ii. 1. 3. 4. Inirritability of lacteals, i. 2. 3. 26. —— of lymphatics, i. 2. 3. 27. —— of the gall-bladder, i. 2. 4. 19. —— of the kidney, i. 2. 4. 20. —— of the spleen, Suppl. i. 16. 6. —— vicissitudes of, i. 1. 1. Inoculation, ii. 1. 3. 9. Innutrition of bones, i. 2. 2. 14. Insanity, quick pulse in, iii. 1. 1. —— from parturition, iii. 1. 2. —— with fever, iii. 1. 2. —— cure of, iii. 1. 2. —— confinement in, iii. 1. 2. Insensibility, ii. 2. 1. 1. Ira, iii. 1. 2. 17. Ischias, ii. 1. 2. 18. i. 2. 4. 15. Issues, use of, i. 1. 2. 9. iii. 1. 1. 11. Itch, ii. 1. 5. 6. Itching, i. 1. 5. 9. —— of the nose, iv. 2. 2. 6.

L.

Lacrymarum fluxus sym. iv. 1. 2. 1. Lameness of the hip, i. 2. 2. 17. Lassitude, iii. 2. 1. 1. Laughter, iv. 2. 3. 3. iii. 1. 1. 4. iv. 1. 3. 3. —— See Risus. Leg, one shorter, i. 2. 2. 17. Lepra, ii. 1. 5. 3. Lethargus, iii. 2. 1. 14. Lethi timor, iii. 1. 2. 14. Lice, i. 1. 4. 15. Lientery, i. 2. 3. 6. Light debilitates in fevers, i. 2. 5. 3. Lingua arida, i. 1. 3. 1. iv. 2. 4. 11. Liver, torpor of, i. 2. 2. 6. —— tumor of, i. 2. 3. 9. —— inflamed, ii. 1. 2. 12. Lochia nimia, i. 2. 1. 13. Locked jaw, iii. 1. 1. 13. Love, sentimental, iii. 1. 2. 4. Lues venerea, ii. 1. 5. 2. —— imaginaria, iii. 1. 2. 21. Lumbago, ii. 1. 2. 17. iii. 1. 1. 1. —— cold, i. 2. 4. 16. Lumbricus, i. 1. 4. 10. Lunar influence on the solids, i. 2. 1. 11. Lungs, adhesions of, ii. 1. 2. 5. —— not sensible to heat, iii. 1. 1. 10. Lusus digitorum invitus, iv. 1. 3. 4.

M.

Maculae vultus, i. 2. 2. 10. Madness, mutable, iii. 1. 2. 1. Mammarum tumor, iv. 1. 2. 19. Mammularum tensio, iv. 1. 2. 6. i. 1. 4. 7. Mania mutabilis, iii. 1. 2. 1. Matter variolous, ii. 1. 3. 9. —— contagious, ii. 1. 3. ii. 1. 6. 11. —— inclosed, ii. 1. 6. 2. —— oxygenated, ii. 1. 6. 6. —— sanious, ii. 1. 6. 15. Measles, ii. 1. 3. 10. Membranes, what, iv. 1. 2. Menorrhagia, i. 2. 1. 11. Mercury crude, as a clyster, i. 3. 1. 6. —— in all contagions, Suppl. i. 16. 7. —— in vertigo, iv. 2. 1. 11. Miliaria, ii. 1. 3. 12. Milk new, for children, i. 1. 2. 5. —— old, induces costiveness, ii. 2. 2. 7. Milk-crust, ii. 1. 5. 12. Miscarriage. See Abortion. Maeror, iii. 1. 2. 10. Mobility, iv. 1. 2. —— of the skin, Suppl. i. 7. Mollities ossium, i. 2. 2. 14. Moon, effect of, iv. 2. 4. Morbilli. See Rubeola. Mortification, ii. 1. 6. 17. Morpiones, i. 1. 4. 14. Mucus diminished, i. 2. 2. 4. —— of the throat cold, i. 2. 3. 1. —— of the bowels, i. 2. 3. 6. i. 1. 2. 12. —— of the lungs, i. 1. 3. 4. —— forms stones, i. 1. 3. 9. —— distinguished from pus, ii. 1. 6. 6. Mumps, ii. 1. 3. 4. Murmur aurium, iv. 2. 1. 15. Muscae volitantes, i. 2. 5. 3.

N.

Nails, biting of, iv. 1. 3. 5. Nares aridi, i. 1. 3. 3. Nausea, dry, i. 2. 4. 3. —— humid, i. 3. 2. 3. —— ideal, iv. 3. 2. 1. —— from conception, iv. 3. 2. 2. Navel-string of infants, ii. 1. 1. 12. —— cut too soon, ii. 1. 1. 12. Neck thickens at puberty, iv. 1. 2. 7. Neck-swing, i. 2. 2. 16. Nephritis, ii. 1. 2. 14. i. 1. 3. 9. iii. 2. 1. 14. Nerves decussate, iii. 2. 1. 10. Nictitation irritative, i. 1. 4. 1. —— sensitive, ii. 1. 1. 8. —— involuntary, iv. 1. 3. 2. Night-mare, iii. 2. 1. 13. Nipples, tension of, i. 1. 4. 7. iv. 1. 2. 6. Nostalgia, iii. 1. 2. 6. Nostrils, dry, i. 1. 3. 3.

O.

Obesitas, i. 2. 3. 17. Odontitis, ii. 1. 4. 7. Odontalgia, i. 2. 4. 12. Oesophagi schirrus, i. 2. 3. 25. Olfactus acrior, i. 1. 5. 3. —— imminutus, i. 2. 5. 7. Oil destroys insects, i. 1. 4. 14. —— essential of animals, i. 1. 2. 14. —— why injurious in erysipelas, ii. 1. 3. 2. Opium in catarrh, i. 2. 3. 3. —— in diaphragmitis, ii. 1. 2. 6. Ophthalmy, internal, ii. 1. 2. 2. —— superficial, ii. 1. 4. 1. Orci timor, iii. 1. 2. 15. Oscitatio, ii. 1. 1. 9. Ossium innutritio, i. 2. 2. 14. Otitis, ii. 1. 4. 8. Otalgia, i. 2. 4. 13. iv. 2. 2. 8. Otopuosis, ii. 1. 4. 8. Ovary, dropsy of, i. 2. 3. 15. —— exsection of, i. 2. 3. 15. Oxygenation of blood, iv. 1. 4. 6. Oxygen gas, Suppl. i. 9. 3. —— in fevers, Suppl. i. 11. 7. i. 16. 9.

P.

Pain exhausts sensorial power, iv. 2. 2. —— greater prevents less, iv. 2. 2. 2. —— nervous, i. 2. 4. —— of the little finger, symptom, iv. 2. 2. 12. —— of arm in hydrothorax, iv. 2. 2. 13. —— of the bile-duct, iv. 2. 2. 4. —— of the shoulder, iv. 2. 2. 9. —— of the pharynx, iv. 2. 2. 5. —— of the testis, iv. 2. 2. 11. —— smarting, i. 1. 5. 10. —— of the side, i. 2. 4. 14. iv. 1. 2. 16. —— of menstruation, i. 2. 1. 12. —— use of, iii. 1. 1. 11. i. 1. 2. 9. —— of the uterus, i. 2. 4. 17. Paint, white, dangerous, ii. 1. 4. 6. Palate, defect of, i. 2. 2. 20. Paleness, i. 2. 2. 2. —— from fear, iv. 3. 1. 5. —— from sickness, iv. 2. 1. 4. —— of urine after dinner, iv. 2. 1. 2. —— from cold skin, iv. 2. 1. 1. Palpitation of heart, i. 3. 3. 2. i. 2. 1. 10. —— from fear, iv. 3. 1. 6. —— relieved by arsenic, iv. 2. 1. 18. Pancreas, torpor of, i. 2. 2. 7. Pandiculatio, ii. 1. 1. 9. Panting, ii. 1. 1. 4. i. 3. 3. 3. Paracentesis at the navel, i. 2. 3. 13. Paralysis, iii. 2. 1. 10. —— of the bladder, iii. 2. 1. 6. —— of the rectum, iii. 2. 1. 7. —— of the hands, iii. 2. 1. 4. —— cure of, iii. 2. 1. 4. Paraplegia, iii. 2. 1. 11. Paresis inirritativa, i. 2. 1. 2. Suppl. i. 8. 10. —— sensitiva, ii. 2. 1. 3. —— voluntaria, iii. 2. 1. 8. Paronychia internal, ii. 1. 2. 19. —— superficial, ii. 1. 4. 5. Parturition, ii. 1. 1. 12. ii. 1. 2. 16. —— more fatal in high life, ii. 1. 1. 12. —— with convulsion, iii. 1. 1. iii. 1. 1. 7. Parotitis, ii. 1. 3. 4. Passions depressing and exciting, iv. 3. 1. 5. Paupertatis timor, iii. 1. 2. 13. Pediculus, i. 1. 4. 15. Pemphigus, ii. 1. 3. 14. Penetration of animal bodies, iv. 1. 4. 7. Peripneumony, ii. 1. 2. 4. —— tracheal, ii. 1. 2. 4. —— superficial, ii. 1. 3. 7. —— inirritated, ii. 1. 2. 4. Peritonitis, ii. 1. 2. 8. Perspiration not an excrement, i. 1. 2. 14. —— greatest in the hot fit, i. 1. 2. 3. —— fetid, i. 1. 2. 14. Pertussis, ii. 1. 3. 8. Pestis, ii. 1. 3. 13. Petechiae, i. 2. 1. 17. —— cure of, Suppl. i. 2. 7. Pharynx, pain of, iv. 2. 2. 5. Phthisis, pulmonary, ii. 1. 6. 7. Pimples on the face, ii. 1. 4. 6. Piles, bleeding, i. 2. 1. 6. —— white, i. 1. 2. 12. Placenta, ii. 1. 1. 12. ii. 1. 2. 16. Plague, ii. 1. 3. 13. Plasters, why moist, i. 1. 3. 6. Pleurisy, ii. 1. 2. 5. Pleurodyne chronica, i. 2. 4. 14. —— rheumatica, iv. 1. 2. 16. Podagra, iv. 1. 2. 15. iv. 2. 4. 9. Polypus of the lungs, i. 1. 3. 4. —— of the nose from worms, iv. 1. 2. 9. Pregnancy, ii. 1. 1. 12. Priapismus, i. 1. 4. 6. ii. 1. 7. 9. Proctalgia, i. 2. 4. 18. Prolapsus ani, i. 1. 4. 9. Pruritus, i. 1. 5. 9. —— narium a vermibus, iv. 2. 2. 6. Psora, ii. 1. 5. 6. —— imaginaria, iii. 1. 2. 22. Ptyalismus. See Salivatio. Pubis and throat sympathize, iv. 1. 2. 7. Puerperal fever, i. 2. 4. 9. ii. 1. 6. 16. Add. 8. —— insanity, iii. 1. 2. 1. Pulchritudinis desiderium, iii. 1. 2. 12. Pullulation of trees, iv. 1. 4. 3. Pulse full, why, i. 1. 1. 1. —— strong, how determined, i. 1. 1. 1. Suppl. i. 16. 10. —— soft in vomiting, iv. 2. 1. 17. —— intermittent, iv. 2. 1. 18. —— quick from paucity of blood, Suppl. i. 11. 4. —— quick sometimes in sleep, iii. 2. 1. 12. —— quick in weak people, iii. 2. 1. Sup. i. 11. 4. —— slower by swinging, iv. 2. 1. 10. —— quick in chlorosis, i. 2. 3. 10. Punctae mucosae vultus, i. 2. 2. 9. Purging. See Diarrhoea. Pus diminished, i. 2. 2. 3. —— distinguished from mucus, ii. 1. 6. 6.

R.

Rabies, iii. 1. 2. 18. Rachitis, i. 2. 2. 15. Raucedo catarrhal, ii. 1. 3. 5. —— paralytic, iii. 2. 1. 5. Recollection, loss of, iii. 2. 2. 1. Recti paralysis, iii. 2. 1. 7. —— schirrus, i. 2. 3. 23. Red-gum, ii. 1. 3. 12. i. 1. 2. 3. Redness from heat, ii. 1. 7. 7. —— of joy, ii. 1. 7. 8. —— after dinner, iv. 1. 1. 1. —— of anger, iv. 2. 3. 5. —— of guilt, iv. 2. 3. 6. —— of modesty, iv. 2. 3. 6. Respiration, ii. 1. 1. 2. —— quick in exercise, ii. 1. 1. 4. —— in softness of bones, i. 2. 2. 14. Restlessness, iii. 1. 1. 1. Reverie, iii. 1. 2. 2. iv. 2. 4. 2. Rhaphania, iii. 1. 1. 6. Rheumatism, iv. 1. 2. 16. —— of the joints, iv. 1. 2. 16. —— of the bowels, iv. 1. 2. 16. —— of the pleura, iv. 1. 2. 16. —— suppurating, iv. 1. 2. 16. —— from sympathy, iv. 2. 2. 13. —— chronical, i. 1. 3. 12. iii. 1. 1. 6. Rickets, i. 2. 2. 15. Ring-worm, ii. 1. 5. 10. Risus, iii. 1. 1. 4. iv. 2. 3. 3. —— sardonicus, iv. 1. 2. 4. —— invitus, iv. 1. 3. 3. Rubeola, ii. 1. 3. 10. Rubor a calore, ii. 1. 7. 7. —— jucunditatis, ii. 1. 7. 8. —— pransorum, iv. 1. 1. 1. Ructus, i. 3. 1. 2. Ruminatio, i. 3. 1. 1. iv. 3. 3. 1.

S.

Sailing in phthisis, ii. 1. 6. 7. Salivation warm, i. 1. 2. 6. —— lymphatic, i. 3. 2. 2. —— sympathetic, iv. 1. 2. 5. —— in low fevers, i. 1. 2. 6. Salt of urine, i. 1. 2. 4. i. 1. 3. 9. Satyriasis, iii. 1. 2. 16. Scabies. See Psora. Scarlatina, ii. 1. 3. 11. Scarlet fever, ii. 1. 3. 11. Scald-head, ii. 1. 5. 11. Sciatica frigida, i. 2. 4. 15. Schirrus, i. 2. 3. 22. —— suppurans, ii. 1. 4. 15. —— of the rectum, i. 2. 3. 23. —— of the urethra, i. 2. 3. 24. —— of the oesophagus, i. 2. 3. 25. Scorbutus, i. 2. 1. 15. —— suppurans, ii. 1. 4. 14. Scrophula, i. 2. 3. 21. —— suppurating, ii. 1. 4. 14. —— produces insanity, iii. 1. 2. Scurvy, i. 2. 1. 15. —— suppurating, ii. 1. 4. 14. Scurf of the head, i. 1. 3. 6. —— of the tongue, i. 1. 3. 1. Sea air in phthisis, ii. 1. 6. 7. Seat, descent of, i. 1. 4. 9. Seed, ejection of, ii. 1. 1. 11. Sea-sickness, iv. 2. 1. 10. Suppl. i. 8. 3. See-saw of old people, iii. 2. 1. 2. Sensitive association, law of, iv. 2. 2. 2. Sensation inert, Suppl. i. 6. 4. Setons, ii. 1. 6. 6. Shingles, ii. 1. 5. 9. Shoulder, pain of, iv. 2. 2. 9. Shrieking, iii. 1. 1. 3. Sickness, i. 2. 4. 4. i. 3. 2. 3. —— cured by a blister, iv. 1. 1. 3. —— by warm skin, iv. 1. 1. 2. Suppl. i. 11. 4. —— by whirling, i. 1. 1. 4. —— by swinging, Suppl. i. 15. 3. —— by hydrocarbonate gas, Suppl. i. 15. 3. —— See Nausea. Sight acuter, i. 1. 5. 1. —— impaired, i. 2. 5. 2. Side, chronical pain of, i. 2. 4. 14. Sighing and sobbing, iii. 1. 2. 10. Sitis calida, i. 2. 4. 1. —— frigida, i. 2. 4. 1. —— defectus, ii. 2. 2. 2. Skin pale in old age, i. 2. 2. 2. —— from cold, i. 2. 2. 2. —— dry, i. 1. 3. 6. —— yellowish, i. 2. 2. 2. —— bluish and shrunk, i. 2. 1. 1. —— reddish, ii. 1. 3. 1. —— cold after meals, iv. 2. 1. 1. Sleep, iii. 2. 1. 12. —— interrupted, i. 2. 1. 3. —— periods in, iv. 2. 4. 1. —— with quick pulse, iii. 2. 1. 12. —— disturbed by digestion, iii. 2. 1. 12. Sleep-walkers, iii. 1. 1. 9. Small-pox, ii. 1. 3. 9. —— why distinct and confluent, Sup. i. 15. 2. —— secondary fever of, ii. 1. 6. 12. —— eruption of, iv. 1. 2. 12. Smarting, i. 1. 5. 10. Smell acuter, i. 1. 5. 3. —— impaired, i. 2. 5. 7. Sneezing, ii. 1. 1. 3. iv. 1. 2. 2. Snow in scrophula, i. 2. 3. 21. —— in paralysis, iii. 2. 1. 4. Snuff in hydrocephalus, i. 2. 3. 12. Somnambulism, iii. 1. 1. 9. Somnium, ii. 1. 7. 4. Somnus, iii. 2. 1. 12. iv. 2. 4. 1. —— interruptus, i. 2. 1. 3. Softness of bones, i. 2. 2. 14. Spasm of diaphragm, iii. 1. 1. 11. —— of the heart, iii. 1. 1. 11. Spine distorted, i. 2. 2. 16. —— protuberant, i. 2. 2. 18. —— bifid, i. 2. 2. 19. Spitting blood, i. 1. 1. 4. i. 2. 1. 9. Spleen swelled, i. 2. 3. 18. Suppl. i. 16. 6. Splenitis, ii. 1. 2. 13. Spots on the face, i. 2. 2. 9. Spots seen on bed-clothes, i. 2. 5. 3. Squinting, i. 2. 5. 4. —— in hydrocephalus, i. 2. 5. 4. Stammering, iv. 2. 3. 1. Stays tight, injurious, ii. 1. 1. 12. Sterility, ii. 2. 2. 4. Sternutatio, ii. 1. 1. 3. iv. 1. 2. 2. —— a lumine, iv. 1. 2. 2. Stimulants, their twofold effect, ii. 1. 2. 6. Stocks for children dangerous, i. 2. 2. 17. Stomach, torpor of, Suppl. i. 10. i. 16. 6. —— inflammation of, ii. 1. 2. 10. ii. 1. 3. 19. —— its association, iv. 1. 1. —— cause of fever, Suppl. i. 8. 8. Stones in the bladder, See Calculi. —— in horses, i. 1. 3. 5. i. 1. 3. 10. Strabismus, i. 2. 5. 4. Strangury, ii. 1. 1. 11. iv. 2. 2. 2. —— convulsive, iv. 2. 2. 3. Strength and debility metaphors, i. 2. 1. Stridor dentium, iii. 1. 1. 12. Studium inane, iii. 1. 2. 2. iv. 2. 4. 2. Stultitia inirritabilis, i. 2. 5. 1. —— insensibilis, ii. 2. 1. 1. —— voluntaria, iii. 2. 2. 2. Stupor, i. 2. 5. 10. Suppl. i. 15. Subsultus tendinum, iii. 1. 1. 5. Sudor. See Sweats. Suggestion, slow, Surprise, i. 1. 5. 11. Sweats, warm, i. 1. 2. 3. —— cold, i. 2. 3. 2. —— lymphatic, i. 3. 2. 7. —— asthmatic, i. 3. 2. 8. iv. 3. 1. 2. —— covered in bed, iv. 1. 1. 2. Suppl. i. 11. 6 —— in fever fits, why, i. 1. 2. 5. —— from exercise, i. 1. 2. 3. —— from heat, i. 1. 2. 3. —— from medicines, i. 1. 2. 3. Sweaty hands cured, i. 3. 2. 7. Swinging, ii. 1. 6. 7. —— makes the pulse slower, iv. 2. 1. 10. Swing centrifugal, Suppl. i. 15 and 3. Sympathy direct and reverse, iv. 1. 1. f. —— with others, iii. 1. 2. 24. —— of various parts, Suppl. i. 11. 5. —— reverse of lacteals and lymphatics, Suppl. i. 11. 5 —— of capillaries, Suppl. i. 11. 5. —— direct of stomach and heart, Sup. i. 11. 5. —— of throat and pubis, iv. 1. 2. 7. Syncope, i. 2. 1. 4. —— epileptic, iii. 2. 1. 15. Syngultus, ii. 1. 1. 6. —— nephriticus, iv. 1. 1. 7. Syphilis, ii. 1. 5. 2. —— imaginaria, iii. 1. 2. 21. Syphon capillary of cloth, ii. 1. 3. 1.

T.

Tactus acrior, i. 1. 5. 5. —— imminutus, i. 2. 5. 6. Tape-worm, i. 1. 4. 11. Tapping at the navel, i. 2. 3. 13. Taste. See Gustus. —— bitter, not from bile, i. 1. 3. 1. Taedium vitae, ii. 2. 1. 2. Taenia, i. 1. 4. 11. Tears sympathetic, iv. 1. 2. 1. iii. 1. 2. 10. Teeth, to preserve, i. 1. 4. 5. —— fall out whole, ii. 1. 4. 7. Tenesmus, ii. 1. 1. 10. —— calculosus, iv. 1. 2. 8. Testium dolor nephriticus, iv. 2. 2. 11. —— tumor in gonorrhoea, iv. 1. 2. 18. —— tumor in parotitide, iv. 1. 2. 19. Tetanus trismus, iii. 1. 1. 13. —— doloroficus, iii. 1. 1. 14. Thirst. See Sitis and Adipsia. Thread-worm, i. 1. 4. 12. Throat swelled, i. 2. 3. 20. —— thickens at puberty, iv. 2. 1. 7. —— grown up, i. 2. 3. 25. Thrush, ii. 1. 3. 17. Tickling, i. 1. 5. 8. Timor orci, iii. 1. 2. 15. —— lethi, iii. 1. 2. 14. —— paupertatis, iii. 1. 2. 13. Tinea, ii. 1. 5. 11. Tinnitus aurium, iv. 2. 1. 15. Titillatio, i. 1. 5. 8. Titubatio linguae, iv. 2. 3. 1. Tobacco, smoke of in piles, i. 2. 1. 6. Tongue dry, i. 1. 3. 1. Suppl. i. 2. —— coloured mucus, i. 1. 3. 1. Tonsillitis, ii. 1. 3. 3. Tonsils swelled from bad teeth, i. 2. 3. 21. ii. 1. 3. 3. Torpor of the liver, i. 2. 2. 6. —— of the pancreas, i. 2. 2. 7. —— of the lungs, Suppl. 1. 9. —— of the stomach, Suppl. i. 10. —— of the heart, Suppl. i. 10. Tooth-ach, i. 2. 4. 12. ii. 1. 4. 7. Tooth-edge, iv. 1. 2. 3. Toothing, i. 1. 4. 5. Tooth-powder, i. 1. 4. 5. Touch. See Tactus. —— deceived three ways, i. 2. 5. 9. iv. 2. 1. 10. Transfusion of blood, i. 2. 3. 25. Suppl. i. 14. 4. Translation of matter, i. 3. 2. 9. —— of milk, i. 3. 2. 10. —— of urine, i. 3. 2. 11. Transparency of cornea, i. 1. 4. 1. —— of crystalline, i. 2. 2. 13. —— of air before rain, i. 1. 4. 1. Tremor of old age, iii. 2. 1. 3. —— of fever, iii. 1. 1. 2. —— of anger, iv. 2. 3. 4. —— of fear, iv. 3. 1. 5. Tussis ebriorum, ii. 1. 1. 5. —— convulsiva, ii. 1. 3. 8. —— hepatica, iv. 2. 1. 8. —— arthritica, iv. 2. 1. 9. —— periodica, iv. 3. 4. 2. —— a pedibus frigidis, iv. 2. 1. 7. Tympany, i. 2. 4. 9.

U.

Ulcers, healing of, i. 1. 3. 13. —— of the cornea, i. 1. 3. 14. —— from burns, i. 1. 3. 13. —— scrophulous, ii. 1. 4. 13. —— of the throat, ii. 1. 3. 3. ii. 1. 3. 11. —— of the legs, ii. 1. 4. 14. Unguium morsiuncula, iv. 1. 3. 5. Urethra, scirrhus of, i. 2. 3. 24. —— fistula of, ii. 1. 4. 11. Urine copious, coloured, i. 1. 2. 4. —— copious, pale, i. 2. 3. 5. —— diminished, coloured, i. 1. 3. 7. —— diminished, pale, i. 2. 2. 5. —— its mucus, salts, Prussian blue, i. 1. 2. 4. —— why less and coloured in dropsies, i. 1. 3. 7. —— translation of, i. 3. 2. 11. —— difficulty of, iii. 2. 1. 6. —— not secreted, i. 2. 2. 8. —— pale after meals, iv. 2. 1. 2. —— pale from cold skin, iv. 2. 1. 3. —— sediment in fevers, Suppl. i. 2. 3. —— pale in fevers, Suppl. i. 2. 3. and 5. Urticaria, ii. 1. 3. 16. Uteri descensus, i. 1. 4. 8.

V.

Vacillatio senilis, iii. 2. 1. 2. Varicella, ii. 1. 3. 15. Variola, ii. 1. 3. 9. —— eruption of, iv. 1. 2. 12. Vasorum capil retrogressio, i. 3. 3. 1. Venereal orgasm, iv. 1. 4. 4. —— disease, ii. 1. 5. 2. —— imaginary, iii. 1. 2. 21. Ventriculi aegritudo, i. 2. 4. 4. —— vesicatorio sanata, iv. 1. 1. 3. Vermes, i. 1. 4. 10. Vertigo rotatory, iv. 2. 1. 10. —— of sight, iv. 2. 1. 11. —— inebriate, iv. 2. 1. 12. —— of fever, iv. 2. 1. 13. —— from the brain, iv. 2. 1. 14. —— of the ears, iv. 2. 1. 15. —— of the touch, Addit. iii. —— of the touch, taste and smell, iv. 2. 1. 16. —— with vomiting, iv. 3. 2. 3. —— produces slow pulse, iv. 2. 1. 10. —— of blind men, iv. 2. 1. 10. —— use of mercurials in it, iv. 2. 1. 11. —— from ideas, Addit. iii. Vibices, i. 2. 1. 16. Suppl. i. 2. 7. Vigilia, iii. 1. 2. 3. iv. 1. 3. 6. Vision acuter, i. 1. 5. 1. —— diminished, i. 2. 5. 2. —— expends much sensorial power, i. 2. 5. 3. Vita ovi, iv. 1. 4. 1. —— hiemi-dormientium, iv. 1. 4. 2. Vitus's dance, iv. 2. 3. 2. Volition, three degrees of, iii. 2. 1. 12. —— lessens fever, iii. 2. 1. 12. Suppl. i. 11. 6. —— produces fever, iii. 2. 1. 12. —— without deliberation, iv. 1. 3. 2. Addit. iv. Vomica, ii. 1. 6. 3. Vomitus, i. 3. 1. 4. Vomendi conamen inane, i. 3. 1. 8. Vomiting stopped, iv. 1. 1. 3. iv. 1. 1. f. —— voluntary, iv. 3. 3. 2. —— how acquired, iv. 1. 1. 2. —— vertiginous, iv. 3. 2. 3. —— from stone in ureter, iv. 3. 2. 4. —— from paralytic stroke, iv. 3. 2. 5. —— from tickling the throat, iv. 3. 2. 6. —— sympathizes with the skin, iv. 3. 2. 7. —— in haemoptoe, i. 1. 1. 4. —— from defect of association, iv. 2. 1. 10. Vulnerum cicatrix, i. 1. 3. 13.

W.

Watchfulness, iii. 1. 2. 3. iv. 1. 3. 6. Water-qualm, i. 3. 1. 3. Weakness, three kinds of, i. 2. 1. Whirling-chair, Suppl. i. 15. 3. Whirling-bed, Suppl. i. 15. 7. White swelling of the knee, i. 2. 3. 19. Winking, ii. 1. 1. 8. i. 1. 4. 1. iv. 1. 3. 2. Wine in fevers, ii. 1. 3. 1. iv. 2. 1. 12. Winter-sleeping animals, iv. 1. 4. 2. Witlow, superficial, ii. 1. 4. 5. —— internal, ii. 1. 2. 19. Womb, descent of, i. 1. 4. 8. —— inflammation of, ii. 1. 2. 16. Worms, i. 1. 4. 10. —— mucus counterfeits, i. 1. 3. 4. —— in sheep, i. 2. 3. 9. Wounds, healing of, i. 1. 3. 13.

Y.

Yawning, ii. 1. 1. 9. Yaws, ii. 1. 5. 5.

Z.

Zona ignea, ii. 1. 5. 9. iv. 1. 2. 11. ii. 1. 2. 14.

* * * * *

ZOONOMIA;

OR,

THE LAWS OF ORGANIC LIFE.

PART III.

CONTAINING

THE ARTICLES OF THE MATERIA MEDICA,

WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE

OPERATION OF MEDICINES.

* * * * *

IN VIVUM CORPUS AGUNT MEDICAMENTA.

* * * * *

PREFACE.

THE MATERIA MEDICA includes all those substances, which may contribute to the restoration of health. These may be conveniently distributed under seven articles according to the diversity of their operations.

1. NUTRIENTIA, or those things which preserve in their natural state the due exertions of all the irritative motions.

2. INCITANTIA, or those things which increase the exertions of all the irritative motions.

3. SECERNENTIA, or those things which increase the irritative motions, which constitute secretion.

4. SORBENTIA, or those things which increase the irritative motions, which constitute absorption.

5. INVERTENTIA, or those things which invert the natural order of the successive irritative motions.

6. REVERTENTIA, or those things which restore the natural order of the inverted irritative motions.

7. TORPENTIA, those things which diminish the exertions of all the irritative motions.

It is necessary to apprize the reader, that in the following account of the virtues of Medicines their usual doses are always supposed to be exhibited; and the patient to be exposed to the degree of exterior heat, which he has been accustomed to, (where the contrary is not mentioned), as any variation of either of these circumstances varies their effects.

* * * * *

ARTICLES

OF THE

MATERIA MEDICA.

* * * * *

ART. I.

NUTRIENTIA.

I. 1. Those things, which preserve in their natural state the due exertions of all the irritative motions, are termed nutrientia; they produce the growth, and restore the waste, of the system. These consist of a variety of mild vegetable and animal substances, water, and air.

2. Where stronger stimuli have been long used, they become necessary for this purpose, as mustard, spice, salt, beer, wine, vinegar, alcohol, opium. Which however, as they are unnatural stimuli, and difficult to manage in respect to quantity, are liable to shorten the span of human life, sooner rendering the system incapable of being stimulated into action by the nutrientia. See Sect XXXVII. 4. On the same account life is shorter in warmer climates than in more temperate ones.