Her important works are in part the illustrations of "The Little Princess," "The Magic Grammar," "La Belle Dame sans Merci," "L'Evangile de l'Enfance," "The Romance of the Swan's Nest," etc.

She also makes exquisite designs for book-covers, which have the spirit of the book for which they are made so clearly indicated that they add to the meaning as well as to the beauty of the book.

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KIRCHSBERG, ERNESTINE VON. Medal at Chicago Exposition, 1893. Born in Verona, 1857. Pupil of Schaeffer and Darnaut. This artist has exhibited in Vienna since 1881, and some of her works have been purchased for the royal collection. Her landscapes, both in oil and water-colors, have established her reputation as an excellent artist, and she gains the same happy effects in both mediums. Her picture shown at Chicago was "A Peasant Home in Southern Austria."



KIRSCHNER, MARIE. Born at Prague, 1852. Pupil of Adolf Lier in Munich, and Jules Dupre and Alfred Stevens in Paris. In 1883 she travelled in Italy, and has had her studio in Berlin and in Prague. The Rudolfinum at Prague contains her "Village Tulleschitz in Bohemia." She is also, known by many flower pieces and by the "Storm on the Downs of Heyst," "Spring Morning," and a "Scene on the Moldau."



KITSON, MRS. H. H. Honorable mention, Paris Exposition, 1889; and the same at Paris Salon, 1890; two medals from Massachusetts Charitable Association; and has exhibited in all the principal exhibitions of the United States. Born in Brookline. Pupil of her husband, Henry H. Kitson, and of Dagnan-Bouveret in Paris.

The women of Michigan commissioned Mrs. Kitson to make two bronze statues representing the woods of their State for the Columbian Exhibition at Chicago. Her principal works are the statue of a volunteer for the Soldiers' Monument at Newburyport; Soldiers' Monument at Ashburnham; Massachusetts State Monument to 29th, 35th, and 36th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry at National Military Park at Vicksburg; also medallion portraits of Generals Dodge, Ransom, Logan, Blair, Howard, A. J. Smith, Grierson, and McPherson, for the Sherman Monument at Washington.

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KLUMPKE, ANNA ELIZABETH. Honorable mention, Paris Salon, 1885; silver medal, Versailles, 1886; grand prize, Julian Academy, 1889; Temple gold medal, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 1889; bronze medal, Paris Exposition, 1889. Member of the Copley Society, Boston; of the Society of Baron Taylor, Paris; and of the Paris Astronomical Society. Born in San Francisco. Pupil of the Julian Academy, under Robert-Fleury, and Jules Lefebvre, where she received, in 1888, the prize of the silver medal and one hundred francs—the highest award given at the annual Portrait Concours, between the men and women students of the above Academy.



Among Miss Klumpke's principal works are: "In the Wash-house," owned by the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts; portrait of Mrs. Nancy Foster, at the Chicago University; "Maternal Instruction," in the collection of Mr. Randolph Jefferson Coolidge, Boston; many portraits, among which are those of Madame Klumpke, Rosa Bonheur, Mrs. Thorp, Mrs. Sargent, Count Kergaradec, etc.

In writing me of her own life-work and that of her family, she says, what we may well believe: "Longfellow's thought, 'Your purpose in life must be to accomplish well your task,' has been our motto from childhood."

Anna Klumpke, being the eldest of the four daughters of her mother, had a double duty: her own studies and profession and the loving aid and care of her sisters. In the beginning of her art studies it was only when her home duties were discharged that she could hasten to the Luxembourg, where, curiously enough, her time was devoted to copying "Le Labourage Nivernais," by Rosa Bonheur, whose beloved and devoted friend she later became.

Meantime Anna Klumpke had visited Boston and other cities of her native land, and made a success, not only as an artist, but as a woman, whose intelligence, cheerfulness, and broad interests in life made her a delightful companion. Sailing from Antwerp one autumn, I was told by a friend that a lady on board had a letter of introduction to me from Madame Bouguereau. It proved to be Miss Klumpke, and the acquaintance thus begun, as time went on, disclosed to me a remarkable character, founded on a remarkable experience, and it was no surprise to me that the great and good Rosa Bonheur found in Anna Klumpke a sympathetic and reliable friend and companion for her last days.

The history of this friendship and its results are too well known to require more than a passing mention. Miss Klumpke is now established in Paris, and writes me that, in addition to her painting, she is writing of Rosa Bonheur. She says: "This biography consists of reminiscences of Rosa Bonheur's life, her impressions of Nature, God, and Art, with perhaps a short sketch of how I became acquainted with the illustrious woman whose precious maternal tenderness will remain forever the most glorious event of my life."

At the Salon des Artistes Francais, 1903, Miss Klumpke exhibited a picture called "Maternal Affection."



KNOBLOCH, GERTRUDE. Born at Breslau, 1867. Pupil of Skirbina in Berlin. Her studio is in Brussels. She paints in oil and water-colors. Among her best pictures are "In the Children's Shoes," "The Forester's Leisure Hours," and a "Madonna with the Christ Child."

Two of her works in gouache are worthy of mention: "An Effeminate" and "Children Returning from School."



KOLLOCK, MARY. Born at Norfolk, Virginia, 1840. Studied at the Pennsylvania Academy under Robert Wylie, and in New York under J. B. Bristol and A. H. Wynant. Her landscapes have been exhibited at the National Academy, New York. Several of these were scenes about Lake George and the Adirondack regions. "Morning in the Mountains" and "On the Road to Mt. Marcy" were exhibited in 1877; "A November Day" and an "Evening Walk," in 1878; "A House in East Hampton, Two Hundred and Twenty Years Old," in 1880; "On Rondout Creek," in 1881; and "The Brook," in 1882.



KOKER, ANNA MARIA DE. A Dutch etcher and engraver of the seventeenth century, who pursued her art from pure love of it, never trying to make her works popular or to sell them. A few of her landscapes fell into the hands of collectors and are much valued for their rarity and excellence. Three examples are the "Landscape with a View of a Village," "The Square Tower," and "Huts by the Water."



KOMLOSI, IRMA. Born in Prague, 1850. Pupil of Friederich Sturm. This flower painter resides in Vienna, where her pictures are much appreciated and are seen in good collections. They have been purchased for the Art Associations of Bruenn, Prague, and Budapest.



KONDELKA, BARONESS PAULINE VON—Frau von Schmerling. Born at Vienna. 1806-1840. She inherited from her father a strong inclination for art, and was placed by him under the instruction of Franz Potter. In the Royal Gallery, Vienna, is her picture called "Silence," 1834. It represents the Virgin with her finger on her lip to warn against disturbing the sleep of the Infant Jesus. The picture is surrounded by a beautiful arrangement of flowers. In 1836 she painted a charming picture called "A Bunch of Flowers." Her favorite subjects were floral, and her works of this sort are much admired.



KONEK, IDA. Born at Budapest, 1856. Her early art studies were under G. Vastagh, C. von Telepy, W. Lindenschmit, and Munkacsy; later she was a pupil at the Julian Academy in Paris and the Scuola libera in Florence. In the Parish Church at Koeboelkut are three of her pictures of sacred subjects, and in the Hungarian National Museum a picture of still-life. Her "Old Woman," 1885, is mentioned as attracting favorable notice.



KORA OR CALLIRHOE. It is a well-authenticated fact that in the Greek city of Sicyonia, about the middle of the seventh century before Christ, there lived the first woman artist of whom we have a reliable account.

Her story has been often told, and runs in this wise: Kora, or Callirhoe, was much admired by the young men of Sicyonia for her grace and beauty, of which they caught but fleeting glimpses through her veil when they met her in the flower-market. By reason of Kora's attraction the studio of her father, Dibutades, was frequented by many young Greeks, who watched for a sight of his daughter, while they praised his models in clay.

At length one of these youths begged the modeller to receive him as an apprentice, and, his request being granted, he became the daily companion of both Kora and her father. As the apprentice was skilled in letters, it soon came about that he was the teacher and ere long the lover of the charming maiden, who was duly betrothed to him.

The time for the apprentice to leave his master came all too soon. As he sat with Kora the evening before his departure, she was seized by an ardent wish for a portrait of her lover, and, with a coal from the brazier, she traced upon the wall the outline of the face so dear to her. This likeness her father instantly recognized, and, hastening to bring his clay, he filled in the sketch and thus produced the first portrait in bas-relief! It is a charming thought that from the inspiration of a pure affection so beautiful an art originated, and doubtless Kora's influence contributed much to the artistic fame which her husband later achieved in Corinth.

In the latter city the portrait was preserved two hundred years, and Dibutades became so famous for the excellence of his work that at his death several cities claimed the honor of having been his birthplace.



KRAFFT, ANNA BARBARA. Member of the Vienna Academy. She was born at Igto in 1764, and died at Bamberg in 1825. She received instruction from her father, J. N. Steiner, of which she later made good use. Having married an apothecary, she went for a time to Salsburg, and again, after nine years in Prague, spent eighteen years in Salsburg, retiring finally to Bamberg. In the Gallery at Bamberg may be seen her portrait of the founder, J. Hemmerlein; in the Nostitz Gallery, Prague, a portrait of the Archduke Charles; in Strahow Abbey, Prague, a "Madonna"; and in the church at Owencez, near Prague, an altar-piece.



KUNTZE, MARTHA. Born in Heinrichsdorf, Prussia, 1849. Pupil of Steffeck and Gussow in Berlin. In 1881 she went to Paris and studied under Carolus Duran and Henner, and later travelled in Italy, pursuing her art in Florence, Rome, and Southern Italy. She has an excellent reputation as a portrait painter, and occasionally paints subjects of still-life.



KUeSSNER, AMALIA. See Coudert, Amalia Kuessner.



LABILLE, ADELAIDE VERTUS. Was born in Paris in 1749. She early developed a taste for art and a desire to study it. J. E. Vincent was her master in miniature painting, while Latour instructed her in the use of pastels. She was successful as a portrait painter and as a teacher, having some members of the royal family as pupils, who so esteemed her that they became her friends. She is known as Madame Vincent, having married the son of her first master in painting.

Her portrait of the sculptor Gois gained a prize at the Academy, and in 1781 she was made a member of that institution. We know the subjects of some large, ambitious works by Madame Vincent, on which she relied for her future fame, but unhappily they were destroyed in the time of the French Revolution, and she never again had the courage to attempt to replace them. One of these represented the "Reception of a Member to the Order of St. Lazare," the Grand Master being the brother of the King, who had appointed Madame Vincent Painter to the Court. Another of these works was a portrait of the artist before her easel, surrounded by her pupils, among whom was the Duchesse d'Angouleme and other noble ladies.

As Madame Vincent and her husband were staunch royalists, they suffered serious losses during the Revolution; the loss of her pictures was irreparable. She was so disheartened by the destruction of the result of the labors of years that she never again took up her brush with her old-time ambition and devotion.

She died in 1803, at the age of fifty-four, having received many honors as an artist, while she was beloved by her friends and esteemed by all as a woman of noble character.



LAING, MRS. J. G. Principal studies made in Glasgow under Mr. F. H. Newbery; also in Paris under Jean-Paul Laurens and Aman-Jean.

This artist is especially occupied with portraits of children and their mothers. She has, however, exhibited works of another sort. Her "Sweet Repose" and "Masquerading" were sold from the exhibitions in London and Glasgow, where they were shown. "Bruges Lace-Makers" was exhibited in Munich in 1903.

The Ladies' Club of Glasgow is enterprising and its exhibitions are interesting, but Mrs. Laing is not a member of any club, and sends her pictures by invitation to exhibitions on the Continent as well as in Great Britain, and sometimes has a private exhibition in Glasgow.

Her study at Aman-Jean's and Colarossi's gave a certain daintiness and grace to her work, which is more Parisian than British in style. There is great freedom in her brush and a delicacy well suited to the painting of children's portraits; her children and their mothers really smile, not grin, and are altogether attractive. I cannot say whether the portraits I have seen are good likenesses, but they have an air of individuality which favors that idea.



LAMB, ELLA CONDIE—Mrs. Charles R. Lamb. Dodge prize, National Academy, New York; medal at Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893; gold medal, Atlanta Exposition; medal at Pan-American Exposition, 1901. Member of Art Students' League, Woman's Art Club, National Art Club. Born in New York City. Pupil of National Academy of Design and of Art Students' League, New York, under C. Y. Turner, William M. Chase, and Walter Shirlaw; in Paris, pupil of R. Collin and R. Courtois; in England, of Hubert Herkomer, R.A.

Among Mrs. Lamb's works are "The Advent Angel"; "The Christ Child," a life-size painting, copied in mosaic for the Conrad memorial, St. Mary's Church, Wayne, Pennsylvania; "The Arts" and "The Sciences," executed in association with Charles R. Lamb, for the Sage Memorial Apse designed by him for Cornell University.

Of recent years Mrs. Lamb is much occupied in collaborating with her husband in decorative designs for public edifices. One of the works thus executed is a memorial window to Mrs. Stella Goodrich Russell in Wells College at Aurora. It represents three female figures against a landscape background. Literature is seated in the centre, while Science and Art stand in the side panels. It has the effect of a triptych.



LAMB, ROSE. Two bronze medals in Boston exhibitions, 1878 and 1879. Member of the Copley Society. Born in Boston, where her studies have been made, chiefly under William M. Hunt.

Miss Lamb has painted portraits principally, a large number of which are in Boston in the homes of the families to which they belong. Among them are Mrs. Robert C. Winthrop, Jr., and her children; Mr. J. Ingersoll Bowditch, Mr. Horace Lamb, the three sons of the late Governor Roger Wolcott, the daughters of Mrs. Shepherd Brooks, the children of Mrs. Walter C. Baylies, etc.

In 1887 Miss Lamb painted an admirable portrait of Mohini Mohun Chatterji, a Brahmin, who spent some months in Boston.



LANCIANI, MARCELLA. Born in Rome, where her studies were made under Professor Giuseppe Ferrari in figure drawing, and under Signor Onorato Carlandi—the great water-color artist of the Roman Campagna—in landscape and coloring.

At the annual spring exhibition in the Palazzo delle Belle Arti, Rome, 1903, this artist exhibited four works: a life-size "Study of the Head of an old Roman Peasant"; a "Sketch near the Mouth of the Tiber at Finniscino"; "An Old Stairway in the Villa d'Este, at Tivoli"; "A View from the Villa Colonna, Rome."

Two of her sketches, one of the "Tiber" and one of the "Villa Medici," are in the collection of Mrs. Pierpont Morgan; two similar sketches are in the collection of Mrs. James Leavitt, New York; a copy of a "Madonna" in an old Umbrian church is in a private gallery in Rome; a "Winter Scene in the Villa Borghese" and two other sketches are owned in Edinburgh; the "Lake in the Villa Borghese" is in the collection of Mr. Richard Corbin, Paris; and several other pictures are in private collections in New York.



LANDER, LOUISA. Born in Salem, 1826. Manifested a taste for sculpture when quite young, and modelled likenesses of the members of her family. In 1855 she became the pupil of Thomas Crawford in Rome. Among her earlier works are figures in marble of "To-day" and "Galatea," the first being emblematic of America.

She executed many portrait busts, one of them being of Nathaniel Hawthorne. "The Captive Pioneer" is a large group. Among her ideal works are a statue of Virginia Dare—the first child born in America of English parents; "Undine," "Evangeline," "Virginia," etc.



LAUKOTA, HERMINIE. Born in Prague, 1853. After having studied in Prague, Amsterdam, and Munich, she was a pupil of Doris Raab in etching. She paints portraits, genre and still-life subjects with artistic taste and delicacy. Her studio is in Prague. Among her best pictures are "Battle for Truth," "Sentinels of Peace," "A Contented Old Woman"; and among her etchings may be named "The Veiled Picture of Sais," "Prometheus," "The Microscopist," "Before the Bar of Reason," etc. The latter was reproduced in Zeitschrift fuer bildende Kunst in 1893, and was said to show a powerful fancy.

In 1875 and 1876 she exhibited her etchings in Vienna. The "Going to Baptism" in the second exhibition was much admired and aroused unusual interest.



LA VILLETTE, MME. ELODIE. Third-class medal, Paris Salon, 1875; bronze medal, Paris Exposition, 1889; second-class medal, Melbourne Exposition; numerous diplomas and medals from provincial exhibitions in France; also from Vienna, Brussels, Antwerp, Amsterdam, London, Copenhagen, Barcelona, Munich, and Chicago. Officer of the Academy. Born at Strasbourg. Educated at Lorient. She began to study drawing and painting under Coroller, a professor in the school she attended. She then studied six months in the Atelier School at Strasbourg, and finally became a pupil of Dubois at Arras. She has exhibited since 1870.

Her picture of the "Strand at Lohic," 1876, is in the Luxembourg Gallery; the "Cliffs of Yport" is in the Museum of Lille; "A Calm at Villers," in the Museum at Lorient; "Coming Tide at Kervillaine," in the museum of Morlaix, etc. Her marine views are numerous and are much admired.

At the Salon of the Artistes Francais, 1902, Mme. La Villette exhibited "Twilight, Quiberon, Morbihan"; in 1903, "Fort Penthievre, Quiberon," and "A Foaming Wave."



LE BRUN, MME. See Vigee.



LEHMANN, CHARLOTTE. Born in Vienna, 1860. Daughter of an artist, Katharine Lehmann. Pupil of Schilcher and Pitner. Her works are principally portraits and studies of heads, in which she is successful. Her "Styrian Maiden" belongs to the Austrian Emperor, and is in Goedoelloe castle.

Her portraits are seen at many exhibitions, and art critics mention her with respect.

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LEMAIRE, MME. JEANNE-MADELEINE. Honorable mention, 1877; silver medal, Paris Exposition, 1900. Born at Sainte Rosseline. Pupil of an aunt, who was a miniaturist, and later of Chaplin. She first exhibited at the Salon of 1864, a "Portrait of Madame, the Baroness." She has painted many portraits, and is extremely successful in her pictures of flowers and fruit.

Among her principal works are "Diana and Her Dog," "Going out of Church," "Ophelia," "Sleep," "The Fall of the Leaves," and "Manon."

She has also painted many pictures in water-colors. Since 1890 she has exhibited at the Champ-de-Mars. Her illustrations in water-colors for "L'Abbe Constantin" and for an edition of "Flirt" are very attractive.

Her "Roses" at the Salon of 1903 were especially fine, so fresh and brilliant that they seemed to be actual blossoms.

This artist, not many months ago, called to mind the celebrated Greek supper of Mme. Lebrun, which was so famous in the time of that artist. The following is an account of the entertainment given by Mme. Lemaire:

"A most fascinating banquet was given in Paris quite recently by Madeleine Lemaire, in her studio, and Parisians pronounce it the most artistic fete that has occurred for many a moon. Athens was reconstructed for a night. A Greek feast, gathering at the same board the most aristocratic moderns, garbed in the antique peplum, as the caprice of a great artist. The invitation cards, on which the hostess had drawn the graceful figure of an Athenian beauty, were worded: 'A Soiree in Athens in the Time of Pericles. Madeleine Lemaire begs you to honor with your presence the Greek fete which she will give in her humble abode on Tuesday. Banquet, dances, games, and cavalcade. Ancient Greek costume de rigueur.' Every one invited responded yes, and from the Duchess d'Uzes, in a superb robe of cloth of gold and long veil surmounted by a circlet of diamonds, to that classic beauty Mme. Barrachin, in white draperies with a crown of pink laurel, the costumes were beautiful. One graceful woman went as Tanagra. The men were some of them splendid in the garb of old Greek warriors, wearing cuirass and helmet of gold. At dessert a bevy of pretty girls in classic costume distributed flowers and fruits to the guests, while Greek choruses sung by female choristers alternated with verses admirably recited by Bartel and Reichenberg. After the banquet Emma Calve and Mme. Litoinne sang passages from 'Philemon et Bacus,' and then there were Greek dances executed by the leading dancers of the Opera. After supper and much gayety, the evening came to a close by an animated farandole danced by all present. It takes an artist like Madeleine Lemaire to design and execute such a fete, and beside it how commonplace appear the costly functions given by society in Newport and New York."

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LEVICK, RUBY WINIFRED. At the South Kensington Royal College of Art this artist gained the prize for figure design; the medal for a study of a head from life, besides medals and other awards in the National Competition; British Institution scholarship for modelling, 1896; gold medal and the Princess of Wales scholarship, 1897; gold medal in national competition, 1898. Member of the Ridley Art Club. Born in Llandaff, Glamorganshire.

This sculptor has exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy since 1898. Among her works are "Boys Wrestling," group in the round; "Study of a Boy," a statuette; "Fishermen Hauling in a Net," "Boys Fishing," "The Hammer Thrower," "Rugby Football," and the "Sea Urchin," a statuette.

Miss Levick has executed a panel for the reredos in St. Brelade's Church, Jersey; and another for St. Gabriel's Church, Poplar. She exhibited at the Academy, 1903, "Sledgehammers: Portion of a Frieze in Relief."



LEWIS, EDMONIA. Born in the State of New York. This artist descended from both Indian and African ancestors. She had comparatively no instruction, when, in 1865, she exhibited in Boston a portrait bust of Colonel Shaw, which at once attracted much attention. In 1867 she exhibited a statue called the "Freedwoman." Soon after this she took up her residence in Rome and very few of her works were seen in the United States. She sent to the Philadelphia exhibition, in 1876, the "Death of Cleopatra," in marble. The Marquis of Bute bought her "Madonna with the Infant Christ," an altar-piece. Her "Marriage of Hiawatha" was purchased by a New York lady.

Among her other works are "An Old Arrow-Maker and His Daughter," "Asleep," and terra-cotta busts of Charles Sumner, Longfellow, John Brown, and others.

"Among Miss Lewis's works are two small groups illustrating Longfellow's poem of Hiawatha. Her first, 'Hiawatha's Wooing,' represents Minnehaha seated, making a pair of moccasins, and Hiawatha by her side with a world of love and longing in his eyes. In the 'Marriage' they stand side by side with clasped hands. In both the Indian type of feature is carefully preserved, and every detail of dress, etc., is true to nature. The sentiment equals the execution. They are charming bits, poetic, simple, and natural, and no happier illustrations of Longfellow's most original poem were ever made than these by the Indian sculptor."—Revolution, April, 1871.

"This was not a beautiful work—'Cleopatra'—but it was very original and very striking, and it merits particular comment, as its ideal was so radically different from those adopted by Story and Gould in their statues of the Egyptian Queen.... The effects of death are represented with such skill as to be absolutely repellent. Apart from all questions of taste, however, the striking qualities of the work are undeniable, and it could only have been produced by a sculptor of very genuine endowments."—Great American Sculptors.



LEY, SOPHIE. Third-class medal at Melbourne; honor diplomas, Karlsruhe. Member of the Kuenstlerbund, Karlsruhe. Born at Bodman am Bodensee, 1859. Pupil of the Art School in Stuttgart, where she received several prizes; and of Gude and Bracht in Karlsruhe.

Some flower pieces by this artist are in the collection of the Grand Duke of Baden; others belong to the Hereditary Grand Duke and to the Queen of Saxony; still others are in various private galleries.

A recently published design for the wall decoration of a school, "Fingerhut im Walde," was awarded a prize. Fraeulein Ley receives young women students in her atelier in Karlsruhe.



LICATA-FACCIOLI, ORSOLA. A first-class and several other medals as a student of the Academy at Venice. Member of the Academies of Venice and Perugia, 1864. Born in Venice, 1826. In 1848 she married and made a journey with her husband through Italy. Three pictures which she exhibited at Perugia, in 1864, won her election to the Academy; the Marquis Ala-Ponzoni purchased these. The Gallery at Vicenza has several of her views of Venice and Rome, and there are others in the municipal palace at Naples. Her pictures have usually sold immediately upon their exhibition, and are scattered through many European cities. At Hamburg is a view of Capodimonte; at Venice a large picture showing a view of San Marcellino; and at Capodimonte the "Choir of the Capuchins at Rome." Private collectors have also bought many of her landscapes. Since 1867 she has taught drawing in the Royal Institute at Naples. Two of the Signora's later pictures are "Arum Italicum," exhibited at Milan in 1881, and a "Park at Capodimonte," shown at the International Exposition in Rome—the latter is a brilliant piece of work. Her style is vigorous and robust, and her touch sure. Family cares seem never to have interrupted her art activity, for her work has been constant and of an especially high order.



LINDEGREN, AMALIA. Member of the Academy of Stockholm. Honorary member of the London Society of Women Artists. Born in Stockholm. 1814-1891. A student in the above-named Academy, she was later a pupil of Cogniet and Tissier, in Paris, and afterward visited Rome and Munich. Her pictures are portraits and genre subjects. In the Gallery at Christiania are her "Mother and Child" and "Grandfather and Granddaughter." "The Dance in a Peasant Cottage" is in the Museum of Stockholm, where are also her portraits of Queen Louise and the Crown Princess of Denmark, 1873.

"With her unpretentious representations of the joy of children, the smiling happiness of parents, sorrow resigned, and childish stubbornness, Amalia Lindegren attained great national popularity, for without being a connoisseur it is possible to take pleasure in the fresh children's faces in her pictures."—History of Modern Painters.



LIPPINCOTT, MARGARETTE. Honorable mention and Mary Smith Prize at Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Member of Philadelphia Water-Color Club and Plastic Club. New York Water-Color Club. Born in Philadelphia. Pupil of Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and Art Students' League, New York.

This artist has painted flowers especially, but of late has taken up genre subjects and landscapes. Among her pictures is one of "Roses," in the Academy of Fine Arts, and "White Roses," in the Art Club of Philadelphia. "Sunset in the Hills" is in a private collection, and "The West Window" is owned in Detroit.



LISZEWSKA, ANNA DOROTHEA. Married name was Therbusch. Member of the Academies of Paris and Vienna and of the Institute of Bologna. Born in Berlin. 1722-1782. Was court painter at Stuttgart, and later held the same office under Frederick the Great, whose portrait she painted, 1772. Her picture of "Diana's Return from the Chase" was also painted for Frederick. Her early studies were conducted by her father. After leaving the court of Stuttgart she studied four years in Paris. In the Louvre is her picture of "A Man Holding a Glass of Water"; in the Brunswick Gallery is her portrait of herself; and several of her works are in the Schwerin Gallery. Her pictures of "A Repentant Maiden," 1781, and of "Ariadne at Naxos" attracted much attention.



LISZEWSKA, ANNA ROSINA. Member of the Dresden Academy. Born in Berlin. 1716-1783. Pupil of her father. She executed forty portraits of women for the "Hall of Beauty" at Zerbst. One of her portraits, painted in 1770, is in the Gallery at Brunswick. She travelled in Holland in 1766, but was too much occupied with commissions to find time for foreign journeys. She painted a picture called "Artemisia" and a second of "Monime Pulling Down Her Diadem," which were interesting and excellent examples of her style of painting.



LOCATELLI, OR LUCATELLI, MARIA CATERINA. Of Bologna. Died in 1723. She studied under Pasinelli, and in the Church of St. Columba in Bologna are two pictures by her—a "St. Anthony" and a "St. Theresa."



LOEWENTHAL, BARONESS ANKA. Born at Ogulin, Croatia, 1853. Pupil of Karl von Blaas and Julius von Payer. Some portraits by this artist are in the Academy of Arts and Sciences at Agram. But religious subjects were most frequently treated by her, and a number of these are in the Croatian churches. The "Madonna Immaculata" is in the Gymnasial Kirche, Meran, and a "Mater Dolorosa" in the Klosterkirche, Bruck a. d. Meer.



LONGHI, BARBARA. Born in Ravenna. 1552-1619(?). Daughter of Luca Longhi. She was an excellent artist and her works were sought for good collections. A portrait by her is in the Castellani Collection, dated 1589; "St. Monica," "Judith," and the "Healing of St. Agatha" are in the Ravenna Academy; a "Virgin and Child" is in the Louvre, and "Mary with the Children" in the Dresden Gallery.



LONGMAN, E. B. This sculptor has a commission to execute a statue of Victory for a dome at the St. Louis Exposition.

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LOOP, MRS. HENRY A. Elected an associate of the National Academy of Design in 1875. Born in New Haven, 1840. Pupil of Professor Louis Bail in New Haven, of Henry A. Loop in New York, later spending two years in study in Paris, Venice, and Rome.

Mrs. Loop is essentially a portrait painter, but occasionally has painted figure pictures, such as "Baby Belle," "A Little Runaway," "A Bouquet for Mama," etc. Her portraits of Professors Low and Hadley of New Haven were much admired; those of Mrs. Joseph Lee, Miss Alexander, and other ladies were exhibited at the Academy.

"Mrs. Loop's picture is an honest, unpretending work, well drawn, naturally posed, and clearly, solidly colored. There is not a trace of affectation about it. The artistic effects are produced in the most straightforward way."—Clarence Cook, in New York Tribune.

"Mrs. Loop is certainly the leading portrait painter among our lady artists. She is vigorous, conscientious, and perceptive."—Chicago Times, 1875.



LOTZ, MATILDA. Gold medal at School of Design, California. Born in Franklin, Tennessee. This artist is sometimes called "the Rosa Bonheur of America." She began to draw pictures of animals when seven years old. Later she studied under Virgil Williams in San Francisco and under M. Barrios and Van Marcke in Paris.

She has travelled extensively in the East, painting camels, dromedaries, etc. Her work has a vigor and breadth well suited to her subjects, while she gives such attention to details as make her pictures true to life. One critic writes: "Her oxen and camels, like Rosa Bonheur's horses, stand out from canvas as living things. They have been the admiration of art lovers at the Salon in Paris, the Royal Academy in London, and at picture exhibitions in Austria-Hungary and Germany."



Among her works are "Oxen at Rest," "The Artist's Friends," "Hounds in the Woods," painted in California. "Mourning for Their Master," "The Sick Donkey," and other less important pictures are in private collections in Hungary. "The Early Breakfast" is in a gallery in Washington, D. C. She has painted portraits of famous horses owned by the Duke of Portland, which are in England, as is her picture called "By the Fireside."



LOUD, MAY HALLOWELL. Member of the Copley Society and Boston Water-Color Club. Born in West Medford, Massachusetts, 1860. Pupil of the School of Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; Julian Academy, Paris; Cowles Art School, Boston. In Paris, under Tony Robert-Fleury, Giacomotti, and Louis Deschamps. Later under Abbott Thayer and Denman W. Ross.

Mrs. Loud's works are principally portraits, and are in private hands. Her picture called "The Singer" was purchased by the Atlanta Exposition, and is in a collection in that city. She works mostly in oils, but has been successful in portraits in pastel; two admirable examples were exhibited in Boston recently, and were favorably noticed for their color and "temperance in the use of high relief."



LOUISE, PRINCESS. See Argyll.



LUSK, MARIE K.

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LUTMER, EMMY. Medal at Munich, 1888. Born at Elberfeld, 1859. Pupil of the School of Art Industries at Munich and of the Museums of Berlin and Vienna. This skilled enamel painter has her studio in Berlin, where she executes fine and beautiful work.



MACCHESNEY, CLARA TAGGART. Two medals at Chicago Exposition, 1893; Dodge prize, National Academy, New York, 1894; gold medal, Philadelphia Art Club, 1900; Hallgarten prize, National Academy, 1901; bronze medal, Buffalo Exposition, 1901. Three medals at Colarossi School, Paris. Member of National Art Club, Barnard Club, and Water-Color Club, all of New York. Born in Brownsville, California. Pupil of Virgil Williams in San Francisco Art School; of H. C. Mowbray, J. C. Beckwith, and William Chase in Gotham Art School; and of G. Courtois, A. Girardot, and R. X. Prinet in Colarossi School, Paris. Exhibited at Paris Salon, Beaux Arts, in 1896, 1898, and at the Exposition in 1900.



This artist paints figure subjects. Among these are "Retrospection," Boston Art Club; "Tired," Erie Art Club; "A Good Story," National Arts Club, New York; "The Old Cobbler," etc.

Her prize picture at the National Academy, New York, 1894, was called "The Old Spinner." This picture had been refused by the committee of the Society of American Artists, only to be thought worthy a prize at the older institution.



MACGREGOR, JESSIE. The gold medal in the Royal Academy Schools for historical painting, a medal given biennially, and but one other woman has received it. Born in Liverpool. Pupil of the Schools of the Royal Academy; her principal teachers were the late Lord Leighton, the late P. H. Calderon, R.A., and John Pettie, R.A.

Her principal works are "In the Reign of Terror" and "Jephthah's Vow," both in the Liverpool Permanent Collection; "The Mistletoe Bough"; "Arrested, or the Nihilist"; "Flight," exhibited at Royal Academy in 1901; "King Edward VII.," 1902.

Miss Macgregor is a lecturer on art in the Victoria University Extension Lecture Scheme, and has lectured on Italian painting and on the National Gallery in many places.

At the London Academy in 1903 she exhibited "The Nun," "If a Woman Has Long Hair, it is a Glory to Her," I Cor. xi. 15; "Behind the Curtain," "Christmas in a Children's Hospital," and "Little Bo-peep."



MACKUBIN, FLORENCE. Bronze medal and diploma, Tennessee Exposition, 1897. Vice-president of Baltimore Water-Color Club. Born in Florence, Italy. Studied in Fontainebleau under M. Laine, in Munich under Professor Herterich, and in Paris under Louis Deschamps and Julius Rolshoven; also with Mlle. J. Devina in miniature painting.

Miss Mackubin has exhibited at the Paris Salon, the London Academy, and the National Academy, New York. Her works are portraits in miniature, pastel, and oil colors.

She was appointed by the Board of Public Works of Maryland to copy the portrait of Queen Henrietta Maria, for whom Maryland was named. The portrait is by Vandyck and in Warwick Castle. Miss Mackubin's copy is in the State House at Annapolis.

Her portraits are numerous. Among them are those of Mrs. Charles J. Bonaparte, Justice Horace Gray, Hon. George F. Hoar, Mrs. Thomas F. Bayard, and many others. In England she painted portraits of the Countess of Warwick, the Marchioness of Bath, and several other ladies.

Miss Mackubin's portrait of Cardinal Gibbons, exhibited in Baltimore in 1903, is much praised. He is sitting in an armchair near a table on which are books. The pose of the figure is natural, the drawing excellent, the flesh tints well handled, and the likeness satisfactory to an unusual degree. The accessories are justly rendered and the values well preserved—the texture of the stuffs, the ring on the hand, the hand delicate and characteristic; in short, this is an excellent example of dignified portraiture.



MACMONNIES, MARY FAIRCHILD. Awarded a scholarship in Paris by the St. Louis School of Fine Arts; medal at Chicago, 1893; bronze medal at Paris Exposition, 1900; bronze medal at Buffalo, 1901; gold medal at Dresden, 1902; Julia M. Shaw prize, Society of American Artists, New York, 1902. Associate member of Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts, Paris; member of the Society of American Artists, New York. Born at New Haven, Connecticut, about 1860.

Pupil of School of Fine Arts, St. Louis, Academy Julian, Paris, and of Carolus Duran.

Exhibited at Salon des Beaux-Arts, 1902, "The October Sun," "The Last Rays," and "The Rain"; in 1903, "A Snow Scene."

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MACOMBER, MARY L. Bronze medal, Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics' Association, 1895; bronze medal, Cotton State and International Exposition, 1895; Dodge prize, National Academy, New York, 1897; honorable mention, Carnegie Institute, 1901. Member of the Copley Society, Boston. Born in Fall River, Massachusetts, 1861. Pupil of Robert Dunning, School of Boston Art Museum under Otto Grundmann and F. Crowninshield, and of Frank Duveneck.

This artist paints figure subjects. Her "Saint Catherine" is in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts; "Spring Opening the Gate to Love" was in the collection of the late Mrs. S. D. Warren; "The Annunciation" is in the collection of Mrs. D. P. Kimball, Boston. Other works of hers are a triptych, the "Magdalene," "Death and the Captive," "The Virgin of the Book," etc.



"One feels, on looking at the Madonnas, Annunciation, or any of Miss Macomber's pictures,... that she must have lived with and in her subject. Delicate coloring harmonizes with refined, spiritual conceptions.... Her most generally liked picture is her 'Madonna.' All the figures wear a sweet, solemn sadness, illumined by immortal faith and love."—Art Interchange, April, 1899.



MAGLIANI, FRANCESCA. Born at Palermo in 1845, and studied painting there under a private teacher. Going later to Florence she was a pupil of Bedussi and of Gordigiani. Her early work consisted of copies from the Italian and other masters, and these were so well done that she soon began to receive orders, especially for portraits, from well-known people. Among them were G. Baccelli—the Minister of Public Instruction—King Humbert, and Queen Margherita, the latter arousing much interest when exhibited in Florence. Portraits of her mother, and of her husband, who was the Minister of Finance, were also recognized as admirable examples of portraiture. "Modesty and Vanity" is one of her genre pictures.



MANGILLA, ADA. Gold medal at Ferrara for a "Bacchante," which is now in the Gallery there; gold medal at Beatrice, in Florence, 1890, for the "Three Marys." Born in Florence in 1863. Pupil of Cassioli. One of her early works was a design for two mosaic figures in the left door of the Cathedral in Florence, representing Bonifazio Lupi and Piero di Luca Borsi; this was exhibited in 1879, and was received with favor by the public.

This artist has had much success with Pompeian subjects, such as "A Pompeian Lady at Her Toilet," and "A Pompeian Flower-Seller." She catches with great accuracy the characteristics of the Pompeian type; and this facility, added to the brilliancy of her color and the spirit and sympathy of her treatment, has given these pictures a vogue. Two of them were sold in Holland. "Floralia" was sold in Venice. To an exhibition of Italian artists in London, in 1889, she contributed "The Young Agrippa," which was sold to Thomas Walker. Her grace and fancy appear in the drawings which she finds time to make for "Florentia," and in such pictures as "The Rose Harvest."

This highly accomplished woman, who has musical and literary talent, is the wife of Count Francessetti di Mersenile.



MANKIEWICZ, HENRIETTE. Chevalier of the Legion of Honor. A series of her mural decorations was exhibited in various German cities, and finally shown at the Paris Exposition of 1890(?), where they excited such applause that the above honor was accorded her. These decorations are in the form of panels, in which water, in its varying natural aspects, supplies the subordinate features, while the fundamental motive is vegetation of every description. The artist has evidently felt the influence of Markart in Vienna, and some of her conceptions remind one of H. von Preusschen. Her technique is a combination of embroidery, painting, and applications on silk. Whether this combination of methods is desirable is another question, but as a means of decoration it is highly effective.

At an exhibition of paintings by women of Saxony, held in Dresden under the patronage of Queen Carola in the fall of 1892, this artist exhibited another decorative panel, done in the same manner, which seems to have been a great disappointment to those who had heard wonderful accounts of the earlier cycle of panels. It was too full of large-leaved flowers, and the latter were too brilliant to serve as a foreground to the Alhambra scenes, which were used as the chief motive.



MANLY, ALICE ELFRIDA. A national gold medal and the Queen's gold medal, at the Royal Female School of Art, London. Member of the Dudley Gallery Art Society and the Hampstead Art Society. Born in London. Pupil of the above-mentioned School and of the Royal Academy Schools.

This artist has exhibited at the Academy, at the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colors, and other exhibitions. Her pictures have frequently been sold from the exhibitions and reproduced. Among these are "Sympathy," sold as first prize in Derby Art Union; "Diverse Attractions"; "Interesting Discoveries"; "Coming," sold from the Royal Academy; "Gossips"; "The Wedding Gown," etc.

Miss Manly has done much work for publishers, which has been reproduced in colors and in black and white. She usually combines figures and landscape.



MANTOVANI, SIGNORA S. ROME.

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MARAINI, ADELAIDE. Gold medal in Florence, at Beatrice Exposition, 1903. Born in 1843. This sculptor resides in Rome, where her works have been made. An early example of her art, "Camilla," while it gave proof of her artistic temperament, was unimportant; but her later works, as they have followed each other, have constantly gained in excellence, and have won her an enviable reputation. Among her statues are "Amleto," "The Sulamite Woman," and "Sappho." The last was enthusiastically received in Paris in 1878, and is the work which gained the prize at Florence, where it was said to be the gem of the exhibition. She has also executed a monument to Attilio Lemmi, which represents "Youth Weeping over the Tomb of the Dead," and is in the Protestant Cemetery at Florence; a bas-relief, the "Angels of Prayer and of the Resurrection"; a group, "Romeo and Juliet"; and portraits of Carlo Cattanei, Giuseppe Civinini, Signora Allievi, Senator Musio, the traveller De Albertis, and Victor Emmanuel.



MARCELLE, ADELE, Duchess of Castiglione-Colonna, family name d'Affry. Born at Fribourg, Switzerland, 1837, and died at Castellamare, 1879. Her early manner was that of the later Cinquecento, but she afterward adopted a rather bombastic and theatrical style. Her only statue, a Pythia, in bronze was placed in the Grand Opera at Paris (1870). In the Luxembourg Museum are marble busts of Bianca Capello (1863) and an "Abyssinian Sheikh" (1870). A "Gorgon" (1865), a "Saviour" (1875), "La Bella Romana" (1875) are among her other works. She left her art treasures, valued at about fifty thousand francs, to the Cantonal Museum at Fribourg, where they occupy a separate room, called the Marcello Museum.



MARCOVIGI, CLEMENTINA. Born in Bologna, where she resides. Flower pieces exhibited by her at Turin in 1884 and at Venice in 1887 were commended for perfection of design and charm of color.



MARIA FEODOROVNA, wife of the Czar Peter I. As Princess Dorothea Auguste Sophie of Wuertemberg she was born at Trepton in 1759, and died at Petersburg in 1858. She studied under Leberecht, and engraved medals and cameos, many of which are portraits of members of the royal family and are in the royal collection at Petersburg. She was elected to the Berlin Academy in 1820.



MARIANI, VIRGINIA. Honorary member of the Umbrian Academy and of the Academy of the Virtuosi of the Pantheon. Born in Rome, 1824, where she has met with much success in decorating pottery, as well as in oil and water-color paintings. The Provincial Exposition at Perugia in 1875 displayed her "Mezze Figure," which was highly commended. She has decorated cornices, with flowers in relief, as well as some vases that are very beautiful. Besides teaching in several institutions and receiving private pupils, she has been an inspector, in her own department of art, of the municipal schools of Rome.



MARIE, DUCHESS OF WUeRTEMBERG. Daughter of Louis Philippe, and wife of Duke Frederick William Alexander of Wuertemberg. Born at Palermo, 1813, and died at Pisa, 1839. She studied drawing with Ary Scheffer. Her statue of "Jeanne d'Arc" is at Versailles; in the Ferdinand Chapel, in the Bois de Boulogne, is the "Peri as a Praying Angel"; in the Saturnin Chapel at Fontainebleau is a stained-glass window with her design of "St. Amalia." Among her other works are "The Dying Bayard," a relief representing the legend of the Wandering Jew, and a bust of the Belgian Queen. Many of her drawings are in possession of her family. She also executed some lithographs, such as "Souvenirs of 1812," 1831, etc.



MARIE LOUISE, EMPRESS OF FRANCE. 1791-1846. She studied under Prud'hon. Her "Girl with a Dove" is in the Museum of Besancon.



MARLEF, CLAUDE. Bronze medal at Paris Exposition, 1900. Associate of the French National Society of Fine Arts (Beaux-Arts). Born at Nantes. Pupil of A. Roll, Benjamin Constant, Puvis de Chavannes, and Dagnaux.

Mme. Marlef is a portrait painter. Her picture, "Manette Salomon," is in the Hotel de Ville, Paris; the "Nymphe Accroupie" is in the Municipal Museum of Nantes. Among her portraits of well-known women are those of Jane Hading, Elsie de Wolfe, Bessie Abbott of the Opera, Rachel Boyer of the Theatre Francais, Marguerite Durand, Editeur de la Fronde, Mlle. Richepin, and many others.

Mme. Marlef has the power of keen observation, so necessary to a painter of portraits. Although there is a certain element of soft tenderness in her pictures, the bold virility of her drawing misled the critics, who for a time believed that her name was used to conceal the personality of a man. A critic in the Paris World writes of this artist: "She has exquisite color sense and delights in presenting that exaltation de la vie, that love, radiance, and joy of life, which are at once the secret of the success and the keynote of the masterful canvases of Roll, in whose studio were first developed Claude Marlef's delicate qualities of truthful perception in the portraiture of woman.... Her perceptions being rapid, she has a remarkable instantaneous insight, enabling her to fix the dominant feature and soul of expression in each of the various types among her numerous sitters."

Mme. Marlef's family name is Lefebure. Her husband died in 1891, the year after their marriage, and she then devoted herself to the serious study of painting, which she had practised from childhood. She first exhibited at the Salon, 1895, and has exhibited annually since then. In 1902 she sent her own portrait, and in 1903 that of Bessie Abbott, to the Exhibition of the Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts.



MARTIN DE CAMPO, VICTORIA. Member of the Academy of Fine Arts of Cadiz, her native city. In the different expositions of this and other Andalusian capitals she has exhibited since 1840 many works, including portraits, genre, historical pictures, and copies. Among them may be mentioned "Susanna in the Bath," "David Playing the Harp before Saul," a "Magdalen," a "Cupid," a "Boy with a Linnet," and a "Nativity." Some of these were awarded prizes. In the Chapel of Relics in the new Cathedral at Cadiz are her "Martyrdom of St. Lawrence" and a "Mater Dolorosa."



MARTINEAU, EDITH. Associate of Royal Society of Painters in Water-Colors; member of the Hampstead Art Society. Born in Liverpool, where she made her first studies in the School of Art, and later became a pupil of the Royal Academy Schools, London.

Her pictures are not large and are principally figures or figures in landscape, and all in water-colors. She writes very modestly that so many are sold and in private hands that she will give no list of subjects.



MASSARI, LUIGIA. Medal at Piacenza, 1869, and several other medals from art societies. Born at Piacenza, 1810. Pupil of A. Gemmi. Her works are in a number of churches: "St. Martin" in the church at Altoe; "St. Philomena" in the church at Busseto; the "Madonna del Carmine" and "St. Anna" in the church at Monticelli d'Ongina. This artist was also famous for her beautiful embroidery, as seen in her altar-cloths, one of which is in the Guastafredda Chapel at Piacenza. The fruits and flowers produced by her needle are marvellously like those in her pictures.



MASSEY, MRS. GERTRUDE. Member of the Society of Miniaturists. Born in London, 1868. Has studied with private teachers in London and Paris.

This painter has made a specialty of miniatures and of pictures of dogs. She has been extensively employed by various members of the royal family, of whom she painted eleven miniatures, among which was one of the late Queen.

She sends me a list of several pictures of dogs and "Pets," all belonging to titled English ladies; also a long list of miniatures of gentlemen, ladies, and children of high degree, several being of the royal family, in addition, I suppose, to the eleven mentioned above.

She writes me: "Constantly met King and Queen and other members. Sittings took place at Windsor Castle, Sandringham, Marlborough House, Osborne, and Balmoral. One dog died after first sitting; had to finish from dead dog. Live in charming little cottage with genuine old-fashioned garden in St. John's Wood."

Mrs. Massey has exhibited at the Royal Academy and New Gallery, and has held a special exhibition of her pictures of dogs at the Fine Art Society, New Bond Street, London.



MASSIP, MARGUERITE. Member of the Society of Swiss Painters and Sculptors and of the Society of Arts and Letters, Geneva. Born at Geneva. Made her studies in Florence and Paris under the professors in the public schools. Her picture of "Le Buveur" is in the Museum of Geneva; "Five o'Clock Tea," also in a Geneva Museum; "La Bohemienne" is at Nice; "The Engagement"—a dancer—at St. Gall, and a large number of portraits in various cities, belonging to their subjects and their families.

Her portrait of Mme. M. L. was very much praised when exhibited in proximity with the works of some of the famous French artists. One critic writes: "The painting is firm and brilliant. The hands are especially beautiful; we scarcely know to whom we can compare Mme. Massip, unless to M. Paul Dubois. They have the same love of art, the same soberness of tone, the same scorn of artifice.... The woman who has signed such a portrait is a great artist." It is well known that the famous sculptor is a remarkable portraitist.

In a review of the Salon at Nice we read: "A portrait by Mme. Massip is a magnificent canvas, without a single stroke of the charlatan. The pose is simple and dignified; there is the serenity and repose of a woman no longer young, who makes no pretension to preserve her vanishing beauty; the costume, in black, is so managed that it would not appear superannuated nor ridiculous at any period. The execution is that of a great talent and an artistic conscience. It is not a portrait for a bedchamber, still less for a studio; it is a noble souvenir for a family, and should have a place in the salon, in which, around the hearth, three generations may gather, and in this serene picture may see the wife, the mother, and the grandmother, when they mourn the loss of her absolute presence."



MASSOLIEN, ANNA. Born at Goerlitz, 1848. A pupil of G. Graef and of the School of Women Artists in Berlin. Her portraits of Field Marshal von Steinmetz, Brueckner, and G. Schmidt by their excellence assured the reputation of this artist, whose later portraits are greatly admired.



MATHILDE, PRINCESS. Medal at Paris Salon, 1865. Daughter of King Jerome Bonaparte. Born at Trieste, 1820; died at Paris, 1904. Pupil of Eugene Giraud. She painted genre subjects in water-colors. Her medal picture, "Head of a Young Girl," is in the Luxembourg; "A Jewess of Algiers," 1866, is in the Museum of Lille; "The Intrigue under the Portico of the Doge's Palace" was painted in 1865.



MATHILDE CAROLINE, Grand Duchess of Hesse. Was born Princess of Bavaria. 1813-1863. Pupil of Dominik Onaglio. In the New Gallery at Munich are two of her pictures—"View of the Magdalen Chapel in the Garden at Nymphenburg," 1832, and "Outlook on the Islands, Procida and Ischia," 1836.



MATTON, IDA. Two grand prizes and a purse, also a travelling purse from the Government of Sweden; honorable mention at the Paris Salon, 1896; honorable mention, Paris Exposition, 1900; prize for sculpture at the Union des femmes peintres et sculpteurs, 1903. Decorated with the "palmes academique" of President Loubet, 1903. Member of the Union des femmes peintres et sculpteurs, Paris. Born at Gefle, Sweden. Pupil of the Technical School, Stockholm, and of H. Chapu, A. Mercie, and D. Puech at Paris.



Among the works of this artist are "Mama!" a statue in marble; "Loke," a statue; "Dans les Vagues," a marble bust; "Funeral Monument," in bronze, in Gefle, Sweden; and a great number of portrait busts and various subjects in bas-relief.

At the Salon des Artistes Francais, 1902, she exhibited four portraits, and in 1903, "Confidence."



MAURY, CORNELIA F. Member of St. Louis Artists' Guild and Society of Western Artists. Born in New Orleans, Louisiana. Pupil of St. Louis School of Fine Arts and of Julian Academy, under Collin and Merson. At the Salon of 1900 her picture, "Mother and Child," was hung on the line.

Miss Maury has made an especial study of child life. Among her pictures are "Little Sister," "Choir Boy," "Late Breakfast," and "First Steps." The latter picture and the "Baby in a Go-Cart" have been published in the Copley Prints.

"Cornelia F. Maury is most successful in portrayals of childhood. Her small figures are simple, unaffected, with no suggestion of pose. They convey that delightful feeling of unconsciousness in the subject that is always so charming either in nature or in artistic expression. The pastel depicting the flaxen-haired child in blue dress drawing a tiny cart is exceedingly artistic, and the same may be said of a pastel showing a small child in a Dutch high-chair near a window. A third picture—also a pastel—represents a choir-boy in a red robe, red cap, and white surplice, sitting in a high-backed, carved chair, holding a book in his hand. Miss Maury really has produced nothing finer than this last. It is a most excellent work."—The Mirror, St. Louis, April 10, 1902.



MAYREDER-OBERMAYER, ROSE. Born in Vienna, 1858. Pupil of Darnaut and Charmont. The works of this successful painter of flowers and still-life have been exhibited in Berlin, Vienna, Dresden, and Chicago. She has a broad, sure touch quite unusual in water-colors. She has also executed some notable decorative works, one of which, "November," has attracted much attention.



MCCROSSAN, MARY. Silver and bronze medals, Liverpool; silver medal and honorable mention, Paris. Has exhibited at Royal Academy, London, at Royal Institute of Oil Colors, and many other English and Scotch exhibitions. Member of Liverpool Academy of Arts and of the Liverpool Sketching Club. Born in Liverpool. Studied at Liverpool School of Art under John Finnie; Paris, under M. Delecluse; St. Ives, Cornwall, under Julius Ollson.

The principal works of this artist are marine subjects and landscapes, and are mostly in private collections.

In the Studio, November, 1900, we read: "Miss McCrossan's exhibition of pictures and sketches displayed a pleasant variety of really clever work, mostly in oils, with a few water-colors and pastels. In each medium her color is strong, rich, and luminous, and her drawing vigorous and certain.

"While this artist's landscape subjects are intelligently selected and attractively rendered, there is unusual merit in her marine pictures, composed mainly from the fisher-craft of the Isle of Man and the neighborhood of St. Ives, and recording effects of brilliant sunshine lighting up white herring boats lying idly on intensely reflective blue sea, or aground on the harbor mud at low tide. There is a fascination in the choice color treatment of these characteristic pictures."



MCLAUGHLIN, MARY LOUISE M. Honorable mention, Paris Salon, 1878; silver medal, Paris Exposition, 1889; gold medal, Atlanta, 1895; bronze medal, Buffalo, 1900. Member of the Society of Arts, London; honorary member of National Mineral Painters' League, Cincinnati. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio. Pupil of Cincinnati Art Academy and of H. F. Farny and Frank Duveneck in private classes.

Miss McLaughlin has painted in oil and water-colors and exhibited in various places, as indicated by the honors she has received. Having practised under- and over-glaze work on pottery, as well as porcelain etching and decorative etching on metals, she is now devoting herself to making the porcelain known as Losanti Ware.

Of a recent exhibition, 1903, a critic wrote: "Perhaps the most beautiful and distinguished group in the exhibition is that of Miss McLaughlin, one of the earliest artistic workers in clay of the United States. She sends a collection of lovely porcelain vases, of a soft white tone and charming in contour. Some of these have open-work borders, others are decorated in relief, and the designs are tinted with delicate jade greens, dark blues, or salmon pinks. This ware goes by the name of Losanti, from the early name of Cincinnati, L'Osantiville."

This artist has written several books on china painting and pottery decoration.



MCMANUS MANSFIELD, BLANCHE. Diplomas from the New Orleans Centennial and the Woman's Department, Chicago, 1903. Member of the New Vagabonds, London, and the Touring Club of France. Born in East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, this artist has made her studies in London and Paris. Her principal work has been done in book illustrations. The following list gives some of her most important publications:

"Alice in Wonderland" and "Through the Looking-Glass." De Luxe edition in color. New York, 1899.

"The Calendar of Omar Khayyam." In color. New York, 1900.

"The Altar Service." Thirty-six wood-cut blocks printed on Japan vellum. London, 1902.

"The Coronation Prayer-Book." (Wood-cut borders.) Oxford University Press, 1902.

"Cathedrals of Northern France." In collaboration with Francis Miltoun. Boston and London, 1903.

"Cathedrals of Southern France." In collaboration with Francis Miltoun. Sold for publication in London and Boston, 1904.

"A Dante Calendar." London, 1903.

"A Rubaiyat Calendar." Boston, 1903.

"The King's Classics." (Designs and Decorations.) London, 1902-1903.

"The Book of Days." A Calendar. Sold in London for 1904.

After speaking of several works by Miss McManus, a notice from London says: "A more difficult or at least a more intricate series were the designs cut on wood for 'The Altar Service Book,' just issued in London by that newly founded venture, the De La More Press; which has drawn unto itself such scholars as Dr. Furnival, Professor Skeat, and Israel Gollancz. These designs by Miss McManus were printed direct from the wood blocks in very limited editions, on genuine vellum, on Japanese vellum, and a small issue on a real sixteenth-century hand-made paper. The various editions were immediately taken up in London on publication; hence it is unlikely that copies will be generally seen in America.



"We learn, however, that the original wood blocks will be shown at the St. Louis Exposition, in the section to be devoted to the work of American artists resident abroad. We suggest that all lovers of latter-day bookmaking 'make a note of it,' recalling meanwhile that it was this successful American designer who produced also the decorative wood-cut borders and initials which were used in 'The Coronation Prayer-Book of King Edward VII.,' issued from the celebrated Oxford University Press. There were forty initials or headings, embodying the coronation regalia, including the crown, sceptre, rose, thistle, shamrock, etc. The magnificent cover for the book was also designed by this artist.

"Among the American artists who have made a distinctive place in art circles, not only in America but on 'the other side,' is Mrs. M. F. Mansfield, formerly Blanche McManus of Woodville, Mississippi.

"In London she is widely known as a skilful, able, and versatile artist, and her remarkable success there is an illustration of 'the American invasion.' Little has been written in America, especially in the South, of what this talented Southern woman has accomplished. She has never sought personal advertisement; on the contrary, she has shrunk from any kind of publicity—even that which would have accrued from a proper valuation of her work.

"She is one of those artists whose talent is equalled only by her modesty, who, enamoured of her art and aiming at a patient, painstaking realization of her ideal, has been content to work on in silence. In the estimation of art connoisseurs, Blanche McManus is an artist of unquestionable talent and varied composition, who has already done much striking work. Her execution in the various branches has attracted international attention.

"She paints well in water-colors and in oil, and her etching is considered excellent. Her drawing is stamped good, and every year she has showed rapid improvement in design. She is a highly cultivated woman, with a close and accurate observation. A sincere appreciation of nature was revealed in her earliest efforts, and for some years she devoted much time to its study."

Moring's Quarterly says in regard to the special work which Mrs. Mansfield has done: "It is so seldom that an artist is able to take in hand what may be termed the entire decoration of a book—including in that phrase cover, illustration, colophon, head- and tail-pieces, initial letters, and borders—that it is a pleasure to find in the subject of our paper a lady who may be said to be capable of taking all these points into consideration in the embellishment of a volume."



MEDICI, MARIE DE'. Wife of Henry IV. Born at Florence, 1573; died at Cologne, 1642. A portrait of herself, engraved on wood, bears the legend, "Maria Medici F. MDLXXXII." Another portrait of a girl, attributed to her, is signed, "L. O. 1617." It may be considered a matter of grave doubt whether the nine-year-old girl drew and engraved with her own hand the first-named charming picture, which has been credited to her with such frank insouciance.



MENGS, ANNA MARIA. Member of the Academy of San Fernando. She was a daughter of Anton Rafael Mengs, and was born in Dresden in 1751, where she received instruction from her father. In 1777 she married the engraver Salvador Carmona in Rome, and went with him to Spain, where she died in 1790. Portraits and miniatures of excellent quality were executed by her, and on them her reputation rests.



MERIAN, MARIA SIBYLLA. Born at Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1647. This artist merits our attention, although her art was devoted to an unusual purpose. Her father was a learned geographer and engraver whose published works are voluminous. Her maternal grandfather was the eminent engraver, Theodore de Bry or Brie.

From her childhood Anna Sibylla Merian displayed an aptitude for drawing and a special interest in insect life. The latter greatly disturbed her mother, but she could not turn the child's attention from entomology, and was forced to allow that study to become her chief pursuit.

The flower painter, Abraham Mignon, was her master in drawing and painting; but at an early age, before her studies were well advanced, she married an architect, John Andrew Graf, of Nuremberg, with whom she lived unhappily. She passed nearly twenty years in great seclusion, and, as she tells us in the preface to one of her books, she devoted these years to the examination and study of various insects, watching their transformations and making drawings from them. Many of these were in colors on parchment and were readily sold to connoisseurs.

Her first published work was called "The Wonderful Transformations of Caterpillars." It appeared in 1679, was fully illustrated by copper plate engravings, executed by herself from her own designs. About 1684 she separated from her husband, and with her daughters returned to Frankfort. Many interesting stories are told of her life there.

She made a journey to Friesland and was a convert to the doctrines of Labadie, but she was still devoted to her study and research. She was associated with the notable men of her time, and became the friend of the father of Rachel Ruysch. Although Madame Merian, who had taken her maiden name, was seventeen years older than the gifted flower painter, she became to her an example of industry and devotion to study.

Madame Merian had long desired to examine the insects of Surinam, and in 1699, by the aid of the Dutch Government, she made the journey—of which a French poet wrote:

"Sibylla a Surinam va chercher la nature, Avec l'esprit d'un Sage, et le coeur d'un Heros"

—which indicates the view then held of a journey which would now attract no attention.

While in Guiana some natives brought her a box filled with "lantern flies," as they were then called. The noise they made at night was so disturbing that she liberated them, and the flies, regaining liberty, flashed out their most brilliant light, for which Madame Merian was unprepared, and in her surprise dropped the box. From this circumstance a most exaggerated idea obtained concerning the illuminating power of the flies.

The climate of Surinam was so unhealthy for Madame Merian that she could remain there but two years, and in that time she gathered the materials for her great work called "Metamorphoses Insectorum Surinamensium," etc. The illustrations were her own, and she pictured many most interesting objects—animals and vegetables as well as insects—which were quite unknown in Europe. Several editions of this book were published both in German and French. Her plates are still approved and testify to the scope and thoroughness of her research, as well as to her powers as an artist.

Her chief work, however, was a "History of the Insects of Europe, Drawn from Nature, and Explained by Maria Sibylla Merian." The illustrations of this work were beautiful and of great interest, as the insects, from their first state to their last, were represented with the plants and flowers which they loved, each object being correctly and tastefully pictured. Most of the original paintings for these works are in the British Museum. In the Vienna Gallery is a "Basket of Flowers" by this artist, and in the Basle Museum a picture of "Locust and Chafers."

The daughters of this learned artist naturalist, Joanna Maria Helena and Dorothea, shared the pursuits and labors of their mother, and it was her intention to publish their drawings as an appendix to her works. She did not live to do this, and later the daughters published a separate volume of their own.

This extraordinary woman, whose studies and writings added so much to the knowledge of her time, was neither beautiful nor graceful. Her portraits present a woman with hard and heavy features, her hair in short curls surmounted by a stiff and curious headdress, made of folds of some black stuff.



MERRITT, MRS. ANNA LEA. Honorable mention, Paris Exposition, 1889; two medals and a diploma, Chicago Exposition, 1893. In 1890 her picture of "Love Locked Out" was purchased by the Chantry fund, London, for two hundred and fifty pounds. This honor has been accorded to few women, and of these I think Mrs. Merritt was first. Member of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers. Born in Philadelphia. Pupil of Heinrich Hoffman in Dresden, and of Henry Merritt—whom she married—in London.

Mrs. Merritt has a home in Hampshire, England, but is frequently in Philadelphia, where she exhibits her pictures, which have also been seen at the Royal Academy since 1871.

This artist is represented by her pictures in the National Gallery of British Art, in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and by her portrait of Mr. James Russell Lowell in Memorial Hall, Harvard University.

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MICHIS, MARIA. See Cattaneo.



MILBACHER, LOUISE VON. Prize at Berlin in 1886. Born at Boehmischbrod, 1845. Pupil of Poenninger and Eisenmenger. A painter of portraits and of sacred and genre subjects. Three of her portraits are well known—those of Baron Thienen, General von Neuwirth, and Baron Eber-Eschenbach. The altar-piece in the chapel of the Vienna Institute, a "Holy Family," is by this artist. She has also painted still-life and animal subjects.



MODIGLIANI, SIGNORINA CORINNA. Silver medal at Turin Exposition, 1898; silver medal at the Exposition of Feminine Art, 1899, 1900; diploma at Leghorn, 1901; gold medal. Member of the International Artistic Association. Born in Rome. Pupil of Professore Commendatore Pietro Vanni.

This artist has exhibited her works in the Expositions of Rome, Turin, Milan, Leghorn, Munich, Petersburg, and Paris since 1897, and will contribute to the St. Louis Exposition. Her pictures have been sold in Paris, London, and Ireland, as well as in Rome and other Italian cities, where many of them are in the collections of distinguished families.



MOLDURA, LILLA. A Neapolitan painter. Her father was an Italian and her mother a Spaniard. She was instructed in the elements of art by various excellent teachers, and then studied oil painting under Maldarelli and water-color under Mancini. She has often exhibited pictures in Naples, to the satisfaction of both artists and critics, and has also won success in London. She has been almost equally happy in views of the picturesque Campagna, and in interiors, both in oil and water-colors. The interior of the Chapel of the Immaculate Conception, in the Church of the Gerolamini, is strong in execution and good in drawing and color.



MOeLLER, AGNES SLOTT. Born in 1862. Resides in Copenhagen. The especial work of this artist, by which her reputation is world-wide, is the illustration of old legends for children's books.



MONTALBA, CLARA. Associate of the Society of Painters in Water-Colors, London, and of the Belgian Society of Water-Colorists. Born in Cheltenham, 1842. Pupil of Isabey in Paris. Her professional life has been spent in London and Venice. She has sent her pictures to the Academy and the Grosvenor Gallery exhibitions since 1879. "Blessing a Tomb, Westminster," was at the Philadelphia Exposition, 1876; "Corner of St. Mark's" and "Fishing Boats, Venice," were at Paris, 1878.

In 1874 she exhibited at the Society of British Artists, "Il Giardino Publico"—the Public Garden—of which a writer in the Art Journal said: "'Il Giardino Publico' stands foremost among the few redeeming features of the exhibition. In delicate perception of natural beauty the picture suggests the example of Corot. Like the great Frenchman, Miss Montalba strives to interpret the sadder moods of nature, when the wind moves the water a little mournfully and the outlines of the objects become uncertain in the filmy air."

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MORETTO, EMMA. Venetian painter, exhibited at Naples, in 1877, "Abbey of St. Gregory at Venice"; at Turin, in 1880, a fine view of the "Canal of the Giudecca," and "Canal of S. Giorgio"; at the National Exposition in Milan, 1881, "Sunset" and a marine view; at Rome, in 1883, "Excursion on the Lagoon." Still others of the same general character are: "A Gondola," "At St. Mark's," "Grand Canal," "Morning at Sea," etc.



MORON, THERESE CONCORDIA. Born in Dresden, 1725; died in Rome, 1806. Pupil, of her father, Ismael Mengs. Her attention was divided between enamel painting and pastel, much of the latter being miniature work. In the Dresden Gallery are two of her pastel portraits and two copies in miniature of Correggio, viz., a half-length portrait of herself and a portrait of her sister, Julie Mengs; a copy of St. Jerome, or "The Day"—original in Parma—and "The Night."

A curious story has recently been published to the effect that in 1767 this artist sent word to Duke Xavier of Saxony that during the Seven Years' War she painted a copy in miniature of Correggio's "Holy Mother with the Christ Child, Mary Magdalen, Hieronymus, and Two Angels," which she sent by Cardinal Albani to the Duke's father—Frederick Augustus II. of Saxony and Augustus III. of Poland—at Warsaw. It was claimed that two hundred and fifty ducats were due her. Apparently the demand was not met; but, on the other hand, the lady seems to have received for some years a pension of three hundred thalers from the Electorate of Saxony without making any return. Probably her claim was satisfied by this pension.



MOSER, MARY. One of the original members of the London Academy. The daughter of a German artist, who resided in London. She was as well known for her wit as for her art. A friend of Fuseli, she was said to be as much in love with him as he was in love with Angelica Kauffman. Dr. Johnson sometimes met Miss Moser at the house of Nollekens, where they made merry over a cup of tea.

Queen Charlotte commissioned this painter to decorate a chamber, for which work she paid more than nine hundred pounds, and was so well pleased that she complimented the artist by commanding the apartment to be called "Miss Moser's Room."



MOTT, MRS. ALICE. Born at Walton on Thames. Pupil of the Slade School and Royal Academy in London, and of M. Charles Chaplin in Paris in his studio. A miniaturist whose works are much esteemed. Her work is life-like, artistic, and strong in drawing, color, and composition. After finishing her study under masters she took up miniature painting by herself, studying the works of old miniaturists.

Recently she writes me: "I have departed from the ordinary portrait miniature, and am now painting what I call picture miniatures. For instance, I am now at work on the portrait of Miss D. C., who is in old-fashioned dress, low bodice, and long leg-of-mutton sleeves. She is represented as running in the open, with sky and tree background. She has a butterfly net over her shoulder, which floats out on the wind; she is looking up and smiling; her hair and her sash are blown out. It is to be called, 'I'd be a Butterfly.' The dress is the yellow of the common butterfly. It is a large miniature. I hope to send it, with others, to the St. Louis Exposition."

Her miniatures are numerous and in private hands. A very interesting one belongs to the Bishop of Ripon and is a portrait of Mrs. Carpenter, his mother.



MUNTZ, LAURA A.

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MURRAY, ELIZABETH. Member of the Institute of Painters in Water-Colors, London, and of the American Society of Water-Color Painters, New York. Her pictures are of genre subjects, many of them being of Oriental figures. Among these are "Music in Morocco," "A Moorish Saint," "The Greek Betrothed," etc. Other subjects are "The Gipsy Queen," "Dalmatian Peasant," "The Old Story in Spain," etc.



NATHAN, SIGNORA LILIAH ASCOLI. Rome.

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NEGRO, TERESA. Born in Turin, where she resides. She has made a study of antique pottery and has been successful in its imitation. Her vases and amphorae have been frequently exhibited and are praised by connoisseurs and critics. At the Italian National Exposition, 1880, she exhibited a terra-cotta reproduction of a classic design, painted in oils; also a wooden dish which resembled an antique ceramic.



NELLI, PLAUTILLA. There is a curious fact connected with two women artists of Florence in the middle of the sixteenth century. In that city of pageants—where Ghirlandajo saw, in the streets, in churches, and on various ceremonial occasions, the beautiful women with whom he still makes us acquainted—these ladies, daughters of noble Florentine families, were nuns.

No Shakespearean dissector has, to my knowledge, affirmed that Hamlet's advice to Ophelia, "Get thee to a nunnery," and his assertion, "I have heard of your paintings, too," prove that Ophelia was an artist and a nunnery a favorable place in which to set up a studio. Yet I think I could make this assumption as convincing as many that have been "proved" by the post obitum atomizers of the great poet's every word.

But we have not far to seek for the reasons which led Plautilla Nelli and Maria Maddalena de' Pazzi to choose the conventual life. The subjects of their pictures prove that their thoughts were fixed on a life quite out of tune with that which surrounded them in their homes. If they pictured rich draperies and rare gems, it was but to adorn with them the Blessed Virgin Mother and the holy saints, in token of their belief that all of pomp and value in this life can but faintly symbolize the glory of the life to come.

Plautilla Nelli, born in Florence in 1523, entered the convent of St. Catherine of Siena, in her native city, and in time became its abbess. Patiently, with earnest prayer, she studied and copied the works of Fra Bartolommeo and Andrea del Sarto, until she was able to paint an original "Adoration of the Magi" of such excellence as to secure her a place among the painters of Florence.

Many of her pictures remained in her convent, but she also painted a "Madonna Surrounded by Saints" for the choir of Santa Lucia at Pistoja. There are pictures attributed to Plautilla Nelli in Berlin—notably the "Visit of Martha to Christ,"—which are characterized by the earnestness, purity, and grace of her beloved Fra Bartolommeo. Her "Adoration of the Wise Men" is at Parma; the "Descent from the Cross" in Florence; the "Last Supper" in the church of Santa Maria Novella, Florence.

There are traditions of her success as a teacher of painting in her convent, but of this we have no exact knowledge such as we have of the work of the "Suor Plautilla," the name by which she came to be known in all Italy.



NEMES-RANSONNETT, COUNTESS ELISA. Born at Vienna, 1843. She studied successively with Vastagh, Lulos, Aigner, Schilcher, Lenbach, Angeli, and J. Benczur, and opened her studio at Kun Szent Miklos near Budapest. The "Invitation to the Wedding" was well received, and her portraits of Schiller and Perczel are in public galleries—the former in the Vienna Kuenstlerhaus, and the latter in the Deputy House at Budapest.



NEWCOMB, MARIA GUISE. Born in New Jersey. Pupil of Schenck, Chialiva, and Edouard Detaille in Paris. Travelled in Algeria and the Sahara, studying the Arab and his horses. Very few artists can be compared with Miss Newcomb in representing horses. She has a genius for portraying this animal, and understands its anatomy as few painters have done.

She was but a child when sketching horses and cattle was her pastime, and so great was her fondness for it that the usual dolls and other toys were crowded out of her life. Her studies in Paris were comprehensive, and her work shows the results and places her among the distinguished painters of animals.

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NEY, ELISABETH. Born in 1830. After studying at the Academy in Berlin, this sculptor went to Munich, where she was devoted to her art. She then came to Texas and remained some years in America. She returned to Berlin in 1897. Among her best known works are busts of Garibaldi, of J. Grimm, 1863, "Prometheus Bound," 1868, and a statue of Louis II. of Bavaria.



NICHOLLS, MRS. RHODA HOLMES. Queen's Scholarship, Bloomsbury Art School, London; gold medal, Competitive Prize Fund Exhibition, New York; medal, Chicago Exposition, 1893; medal, Tennessee Exposition, 1897; bronze medal at Buffalo Exposition, 1901. Member of American Water-Color Society, New York Water-Color Society, Woman's Art Club, American Society of Miniature Painters, Pen and Brush Club; honorable member of Woman's Art Club, Canada. Born in Coventry, England. Pupil of Bloomsbury School of Art, London; of Cannerano and Vertunni in Rome, where she was elected to the Circolo Artistico and the Societa degli Aquarelliste.

Her pictures are chiefly figure subjects, among which are "Those Evening Bells," "The Scarlet Letter," "A Daughter of Eve," "Indian after the Chase," "Searching the Scriptures," etc.

In the Studio, March, 1901, in writing of the exhibition of the American Water-Color Society, the critic says: "In her two works, 'Cherries' and 'A Rose,' Mrs. Rhoda Holmes Nicholls shows us a true water-color executed by a master hand. The subject of each is slight; each stroke of her brush is made once and for all, with a precision and dash that are inspiriting; and you have in each painting the sparkle, the deft lightness of touch, the instantaneous impression of form and coloring that a water-color should have."



Mrs. Nicholls is also known as an illustrator. Harold Payne says of her: "Rhoda Holmes Nicholls, although an illustrator of the highest order, cannot be strictly classed as one, for the reason that she is equally great in every other branch of art. However, as many of her best examples of water-colors are ultimately reproduced for illustrative purposes, and as even her oil paintings frequently find their way into the pages of art publications, it is not wrong to denominate her as an illustrator, and that of the most varied and prolific type. She may, like most artists, have a specialty, but a walk through her studio and a critical examination of her work—ranging all along the line of oil paintings, water-colors of the most exquisite type, wash drawings, crayons, and pastels—would scarcely result in discovering her specialty.... As a colorist she has few rivals, and her acute knowledge of drawing and genius for composition are apparent in everything she does."



NICHOLS, CATHERINE MAUDE, R. E. The pictures of this artist have been hung on the line at the Royal Academy exhibitions a dozen times at least. From Munich she has received an official letter thanking her for sending her works to exhibitions in that city. Fellow of the Royal Painter-Etchers' Society; president of the Woodpecker Art Club, Norwich; Member of Norwich Art Circle and of a Miniature Painters' Society and the Green Park Club, London. Born in Norwich. Self-taught. Has worked in the open at Barbizon, in Normandy, in Cornwall, Devon, London, and all around the east coast of Norfolk.

Miss Nichols has held three exhibitions of her pictures both in oil and water-colors in London. She has executed more than a hundred copper plates, chiefly dry-points. The pictures in oils and water-colors, the miniatures and the proofs of her works have found purchasers, almost without exception, and are in private hands. Most of the plates she has retained.

Miss Nichols has illustrated some books, her own poems being of the number, as well as her "Old Norwich." She has also made illustrations for journals and magazines.

One is impressed most agreeably with the absence of mannerism in Miss Nichols' work, as well as with the pronounced artistic treatment of her subjects. Her sketches of sea and river scenery are attractive; the views from her home county, Norfolk, have a delightful feeling about them. "Norwich River at Evening" is not only a charming picture, but shows, in its perspective and its values, the hand of a skilful artist. "Mousehold Heath," showing a rough and broken country, is one of her strongest pictures in oils; "Stretching to the Sea" is also excellent. Among the water-colors "Strangers' Hall," Norwich, and "Fleeting Clouds," merit attention, as do a number of others. One could rarely see so many works, with such varied subjects, treated in oils, water-colors, dry point, etc., by the same artist.

I quote the following paragraph from the Studio of April, 1903: "Miss C. M. Nichols is an artist of unquestionable talent, and her work in the various mediums she employs deserves careful attention. She paints well both in water-colors and in oil, and her etchings are among the best that the lady artists of our time have produced. Her drawing is good, her observation is close and accurate, and she shows year by year an improvement in design. Miss Nichols was for several years the only lady fellow of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers."

Her "Brancaster Staithe" and "Fir Trees, Crown Point," dry points, are in the Norwich Art Gallery, presented by Sir Seymour Haden, president of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers. Two of her works, a large oil painting of "Earlham" and a water-color of "Strangers' Hall," have been purchased by subscription and presented to the Norwich Castle Art Gallery.



NICOLAU Y PARODY, TERESA. Member of the Academy of San Fernando and of the Academy of San Carlos of Valencia. This artist, who was born in Madrid, early showed an enthusiasm for painting, which she at first practised in various styles, but gradually devoted herself entirely to miniature. She has contributed to many public exhibitions, and has received many prizes and honorable mentions, as well as praise from the critics. Among her portraits are those of Isabel de Braganza, Washington, Mme. de Montespan, Mme. Dubarry, Queen Margaret of Austria, and Don Carlos, son of Philip II. Her other works include a "Magdalen in the Desert," "Laura and Petrarch," "Joseph with the Christ-Child," "Francis I. at the Battle of Pavia," and many good copies after celebrated painters.



NIEDERHAeUSEN, MLLE. SOPHIE. Medal at the Swiss National Exposition, 1896. Member of the Exposition permanente de l'Athenee, Geneva. Born at Geneva. Pupil of Professor Wymann and M. Albert Gos, and of M. and Mme. Demont-Breton in France.

Mlle. Niederhaeusen paints landscapes principally, and has taken her subjects from the environs of Geneva, in the Valais, and in Pas-de-Calais, France.

Her picture, called the "Bord du Lac de Geneve," was purchased by the city and is in the Rath Museum. She also paints flowers, and uses water-colors as well as oils.



NOBILI, ELENA. Silver medal at the Beatrice Exposition, Florence, 1890. Born in Florence, where she resides. She is most successful in figure subjects. She is sympathetic in her treatment of them and is able to impart to her works a sentiment which appeals to the observer. Among her pictures are "Reietti," "The Good-Natured One," "September," "In the Country," "Music," and "Contrasts."