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Women Wage-Earners - Their Past, Their Present, and Their Future
by Helen Campbell
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New Orleans, average wages in, 139.

New York, Labor Bureau reports, 94, 119; factory evils, 94; total women workers in State, 110; average wage in, 141.

New York City, average wage in, 139; percentage of women workers in, 109; "Tribune" stirs in sewing-women's behalf, 119.

North Carolina, total women employed in, 110.

Nott, Mrs., 66.

Nottingham lace manufacture, 268.

Offices, intelligence, 247.

Ohio, women employed in, 110.

Oregon, working-women in, 110.

Organization among women, in France, 166; in cities, 206; in England, 253, 255.

Parent-Duchalet, 171.

Pauperism and crime in labor reports, 113.

Pay, just, the first remedy, 25; equal for both sexes, 257.

Peck, Charles F., work in New York, 119.

Pennsylvania, working-women in, 110.

Perkins, Mrs. Thomas, 65.

Philadelphia, average weekly wage in, 139.

Plato, 35.

Post-office, employment of women in, objected to, 21.

Potter, Beatrice, 154.

Poverty, no more desperate in Europe than in the United States, 9, in London, 9,10; produced by factory system, 91.

Prejudice, born of ignorance, etc., to be dismissed, 13.

Profit-sharing between employer and employed, 267.

Prostitution, fed by factory system, 91, 92; by domestic service, 93; statistics in, 171, 210; recruited from factories, 114.

Providence, average weekly wage in, 139.

Quesnay, 54.

Question of the day, the economic one, 7.

Questions, three, to be answered, 13.

Ranke, on air required, 92.

Remedies, just pay the first, 251.

Reports, labor, six divisions of, 115. (See also under various States.)

Reybaud's "History of the Factory Movement," 92.

Rhode Island, working-women in, 110; average wage in, 141.

Rice, Commissioner, deals with women wage-earners in Colorado report, 122, 123.

Richmond, Va., average weekly wage in, 139.

Robinson, Henry A., Michigan Labor Bureau work, 123.

Robinson, Mrs. H.H., 79.

Rogers, Thorold, 55; value of his work, 15, 16.

Saleswomen, 131.

San Francisco, average weekly wage in, 139.

Sanitary conditions of factories and of operatives' homes, 92.

San Jose, average weekly wage in, 139.

Savannah, average weekly wage in, 139.

Savings of Massachusetts working-women, 118.

Seamstresses, in Paris, 163; in New York, 163.

Seats in shops, 220.

Sewing-women, feeling stirred in behalf of, 119.

Sex, disability of, in the way of mobility of labor, 18.

"Sharing the Profits," by Mary W. Calkins, 267.

Shearman, T.G., on irregularity of conditions in the United States, 8.

Shirt-making, women in, 108.

Shoe-making, women in, 98, 99.

Silk-growing, 64, 65.

Silk industry, women and children in, 95, 108.

Silk manufactory, women and children in, in Italy, 179.

Simon, Jules, 163.

Single and married, proportion of, among working-women, 118.

Smith, Adam, 54; summary of causes for difference in wages, 16.

Social life of working-people, 114.

Society, women workers frowned on by, 97.

Solidarity of humanity, 274.

Soul-moulding, Mazzini on, 273.

South Carolina, working-women in, 110.

Spinning-classes, 60; patriotic, 63.

Statistics inadequate as to early conditions, 75.

Stevens, Dr., on increase of insanity, 254.

Stores, condition of women and children in, 258.

St. Louis, average weekly wage in, 139.

St. Paul, average weekly wage in, 139.

Straw-braiding in New England, 68, 100, 101; straw-goods trade, women in, 108.

Sully, 53.

Supply and demand, 23.

Sweating-system, 150, 235; parliamentary investigation of, end of report on, 153.

Tacitus, 38.

Technical education, as affecting efficiency, 14.

Tenement-house manufacture, 256.

Tennessee, working-women in, 110.

Tertullian, 40.

Texas, working-women in, 110.

Textile industries, women in, 98.

Thucydides, opinion of, 32.

Tobacco trade, women in, 110.

Trades, admission of women to, barred by men, 20; women employed in, 108.

Tramp question, in labor reports, 113.

Trusts, alarm caused by growth of, 11.

Turgot, 54.

Tutelage, perpetual, of women, 36.

Umbrellas and canes, women employed in, 108.

Unemployed, condition of, 113.

Union, Working-Women's Protective, 230.

United States, Labor Bureau Reports on working-women, 124.

Unskilled labor, in majority, 22; fierce competition in, 22; surplus of, following Civil War, 101.

Utah, working-women in, 110.

Vacations of working-women in Massachusetts, 117.

Value of laborer's service to employer, elements of, 14.

Vapors, dangers of, in manufacture, 214.

Vegetables, cultivation of, by women, 263.

Vermont, working-women in, 110.

Vincent, Madame, 165.

Villerme, 169, 176.

Wage rates, present, in United States, 126.

Wages, why men receive more than women, 14, 21; effect of industrial efficiency on, 14; iron law of, 15; effort to make standard of life conform to, 15; tendency to a minimum, 16; Adam Smith for causes of difference in, 16; in stores, 259; final effect of woman's work on, 270; not fixed, 35; field, 58; eighteenth-century, 62; in France, 161; in Russia, 181; New York, 129; decrease in, 226; in clothing, 130; in Connecticut, 133; in Italy, 181; in California, 134; Colorado, 135; Iowa, 136; Kansas, 136; Maine, 134; Minnesota, 135; Michigan, 138; Rhode Island, 134; average, per State, 141; average, for all cities, 141; average, by cities, 139; definition of, 127.

Wages question the question of the day, 7.

Wales, women in industries in, 160.

Walker, Gen. F.A., on differences in efficiency, 14; difficulties of census enumeration, 104.

Ward, Lester F., 26.

Wealth, ratio of increase greater than that of population, 8; greater aggregation of, in the United States than in Great Britain, 9.

Weavers of Baltimore, 81.

Weaving, colonial, 60.

West Virginia, working-women in, 110.

Widows, proportion of, among other workers, 118.

Windows, nailing down of, 62.

Wisconsin, average wage in, 141; working-women in, 110.

Wives' earnings, 113.

Woman, primeval, 27; Roman, 36; property of, 52; petition of, in France, 55; International Council of, 79.

Women-workers, percentage of, in Philadelphia, Pittsburg, New York, Lowell, Manchester, Wilmington, Del., 108, 109; according to States, 110; of Boston, 114, 116; industries open to, in large cities, 124; development of her intelligence necessary, 251; in German mines, 11; why their wages are less than men's, 14; their trades highly localized, 19; entrance into trades barred by men, 20; increase of, in the United States, 98; total numbers of, in the United States, in 1860, 103; in 1870, 105; in 1880, 105; occupations according to Census of 1880, 106.

Woollen and cotton industries, 98, 108.

Working-girls' clubs, conditions of, 257.

Working-Woman's Journal, 255.

Working-Women's Protective Union, 255.

Working-Women's Society of New York, its aims, 256.

Worsted and woollen trades, women and children in, 108.

Wright, Carroll D., 115.

Wyoming, working-women in, 110.

THE END

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