Precocious maturity also characterized his financial plans, which displayed alike the shrewd common sense of those of Walpole and the wider aims of Adam Smith. Before his twenty-sixth year Pitt laid the basis of a system which, whatever its defects, ensured the speedy recovery of national credit and belied the spiteful croakings of foreign rivals. Four days after his death, Fox freely admitted that the establishment of the Sinking Fund had been most beneficial; and this belief, though we now see it to be ill-founded, certainly endowed the nation with courage to continue the struggle against the overgrown power of France. Scarcely less remarkable is his record of legislative achievement. His India Bill of 1784, his attempt to free Anglo-Irish trade from antiquated shackles, his effort to present to Parliament a palatable yet not ineffective scheme of Reform, raise him above the other law-givers of the eighteenth century in the grandeur of his aims if not in his actual achievements. By the India Bill of 1784 he reconciled the almost incompatible claims of eastern autocracy and western democracy. If he failed to carry fiscal and Parliamentary Reform, it was due less to tactical defects on his part than to prejudice and selfishness among those whom he sought to benefit.

On the other hand, his intense hopefulness often led him to overlook obstacles and to credit all men with his own high standard of intelligence and probity, a noble defect which not seldom marred his diplomatic and military arrangements during the Great War. At no point have I slurred over his mistakes, his diffusion of effort over too large an area of conflict, and his perhaps undue trust in doubtful allies. But, even so, as I have shown, a careful examination of all the available evidence generally reveals the reasons for his confidence; and failures due to this cause are far less disastrous, because less dispiriting to the nation, than those which are the outcome of sluggishness or cowardice. Of those unpardonable sins Pitt has never been accused even by his severest critics. After the repulse of his pacific overtures by the French Directory in September 1797 his attitude was one almost of defiance, witness his curt rejection of similar offers by Bonaparte early in 1800, which may be pronounced the gravest defect of his diplomatic career.

In that age the action of statesmen was often dilatory; and we must admit that in regard to the Act of Union with Ireland Pitt's procedure was halting and ineffective, so that finally he was driven to use corrupt means to force through the corrupt Irish Parliament a measure which in the autumn of 1798 would have been accepted thankfully by the dominant caste. His Bill of 1797 for the relief of the poor and his Land Tax Commutation Act of 1798 are examples of improvident legislation. But from a leader overburdened with the details of war and diplomacy we should not expect the keen foresight, the minute care as to details, which distinguished Gladstone. To compare the achievements of a statesman hard pressed by the problems of the Revolutionary Era with those of a peaceful age when the standard of legislative effort had been greatly raised is unfair; and the criticism of Pitt by a distinguished historian evinces partiality towards the Victorian statesman rather than an adequate appreciation of the difficulties besetting a Minister of George III in those times of turmoil.[790] It is true that Pitt did not inaugurate Factory legislation; that was the work of the Addington Cabinet in 1802; he did not link his name with the efforts of Romilly and others for the reform of the brutal Penal Code; and he did little for art and literature; but neither the personality of George nor the state of the national finances favoured the rise of a Maecenas.

Concentration of effort on political and diplomatic questions was the alpha and omega of Pitt's creed. The terrible pressure of events forbade his looking far ahead or far afield; he marched straight onward, hoping by his untiring efforts first to restore national prosperity and thereafter to secure a peace which would inaugurate a brighter future. His overtaxed strength collapsed when the strain was most tense; and his life therefore figures as a torso, which should not be criticized as if it were the perfect statue. Yet, as moral grandeur is always inspiring, Pitt's efforts were finally to be crowned with success by the statesmen who had found wisdom in his teaching, inspiration in his quenchless hope, enthusiasm in his all-absorbing love of country. An egoist never founds a school of the prophets. But Pitt, who

Spurn'd at the sordid lust of pelf And served his Albion for herself,

trained and inspired a band of devoted disciples such as no other leader of the eighteenth century left behind him. Some were unimaginative plodders, as Perceval; others were capable administrators and shrewd diplomatists, as Castlereagh; to one alone was vouchsafed the fire of genius, the sympathetic insight, the soaring ambition held in check by overmastering patriotism, which were commingled in the personality of the master; and Canning afterwards declared that he buried his political allegiance in the grave of Pitt. It was granted to these men to labour on in the cause for which he gave his life, and finally, in the years 1814-15, to bring back France to her old frontiers by arrangements which he clearly outlined in the years 1798 and 1805. Of the numerous annexations and changes of boundaries effected by Napoleon, only one, the Valtelline, was destined to survive. But Europe after Waterloo testified alike to the sagacity and the limitations of the mind of William Pitt.

FOOTNOTES:

[786] "Life of Wilberforce," v, 260; "Private Papers of Wilberforce," 68.

[787] Marquis Wellesley, "Quarterly Rev." (1836).

[788] Michelet, "La Femme," Introd., ch. ii, quoted by Stanhope, iv, 405.

[789] "Private Papers of Wilberforce," 67-72.

[790] Lord Acton, "Letters to Mary Gladstone," 45, 46, 56.



STATISTICS OF THE YEARS 1792-1801

N.B.—The figures under the heading "money borrowed" are taken from the official statistics presented by the Rt. Hon. George Rose, "Brief Examination into the Increase of the Revenue, Commerce and Navigation of Great Britain" (London, 1806), p. 16. The total statistics are given in round numbers.

- YEAR. PERMANENT MONEY TAXES. IMPORTS. EXPORTS. NAVY. ARMY. BORROWED. - 1792 14,284,000 19,659,000 24,465,000 1,985,000 1,819,000 1793 13,941,000 19,256,000 19,676,000 3,971,000 3,993,000 4,500,000 1794 13,858,000 22,288,000 25,111,000 5,525,000 6,641,000 12,907,000 1795 13,557,000 22,736,000 25,036,000 6,315,000 11,610,000 19,490,000 1796 14,292,000 23,187,000 28,025,000 11,883,000 14,911,000 29,726,000 1797 13,332,000 21,013,000 26,315,000 13,033,000 15,488,000 44,029,000 1798 14,275,000 27,857,000 30,289,000 13,449,000 12,852,000 15,000,000 1799 15,727,000 26,837,000 33,640,000 13,642,000 11,840,000 15,500,000 1800 14,238,000 30,570,000 38,119,000 13,619,000 11,941,000 18,500,000 1801 14,641,000 32,795,000 37,786,000 15,857,000 12,117,000 25,500,000 -



INDEX

Abbot, Charles (afterwards Lord Colchester), 298, 306 n., 330 n., 346; Speaker, 520.

Abercorn, Lord, 402.

Abercromby, Sir Ralph, 216; Commander-in-Chief in the West Indies, 226, 239, 240, 241, 246; in Ireland, 352-354; resigns, 354, 363; campaign in Holland, 381, 382; in Egypt, 387; his death, 240.

Aboukir Bay, 367-369.

"Accurate Observer," the, 466.

Acton, General, 150 n.

Acton, Lord, on Pitt and the execution of Louis XVI, refuted, 94 n., 569.

Adair, Robert, 337 n.

Adams, W. D., Pitt's secretary, 531.

Addington, Henry (afterwards Viscount Sidmouth), Speaker, 180, 255, 302, 368, 436 n.; suggests the Patriotic Contribution, 331; at the duel between Pitt and Tierney, 334, 335; Pitt at his house, 435; tries to dissuade Pitt from Catholic Emancipation, 437; urged by the King to form a Ministry, 437; Prime Minister, 439, 445-448, 450, 451, 468, 469, 487, 488; Pitt supports him, 471, 472, 478, 479, 488, 496, 503, 504; visits Pitt at Walmer, 473, 477; his finance, 480-482; failure of his negotiations with Pitt, 483-487; plans for his overthrow, 495-499; resigns, 499; opposes abolition of the Slave Trade, 502; union with Pitt, 517; created Viscount Sidmouth, 517; Lord President, 517, 520-522; resigns, 530.

Addington, Hiley, 530.

Agriculture, Board of, instituted, 165, 293.

Agriculture, flourishing state of, 291; influence of enclosures on, 291, 292.

Alava, General, 524.

Alcudia, Duke of. See Godoy.

Alexander I, Czar, 487, 508, 515; his instructions to Novossiltzoff, 522, 525; his terms of alliance, 525-527; his designs on Malta, 527; at Berlin, 537; treaty of Potsdam, 539; battle of Austerlitz, 544, 560.

Aliens' Bill (1792), 94; its withdrawal demanded by France, 101, 103; renewal of (1798), 333.

Alkmaar, Convention of, 382.

All the Talents, Administration of, 496.

Alsace, 46, 53, 122, 129, 142, 197, 199, 200.

Alvanley, Lord. See Arden, Richard Pepper.

Amherst, Lord, Commander-in-Chief, 270.

Amiens, Treaty of, 248, 470, 472, 477, 564, 565.

Anckarstroem, Johann Jakob, assassinates Gustavus III, 46.

Anspach, Principality of, overrun by Napoleon, 534, 537, 560.

"Anti-Jacobin," the, 327, 336, 337, 464.

"Anti-Levelling Society," the, 68.

Antwerp, trade of, strangled by the Dutch, 72; reduction of the citadel, 76; proposed fortification of, 83; conference at (1793), 132.

Aranda, Count of, Spanish Minister, 46.

Arcola, battle of, 321.

Arden, Sir Richard Pepper (Lord Alvanley), Master of the Rolls, 34, 476; on Irish affairs, 341.

"Argus," the, 66; in the pay of the French Embassy, 66 n.

Armed Neutrality League, 290; collapse of, 468, 478.

Army, the, debate on the Estimates, 29, 30; state of 1793, 124, 266, 267; Pitt's measures for increasing, 278-280, 305; disaffection in, 318, 319.

Army of Reserve Act, 499, 509, 510.

Artois, Comte d' (afterwards Charles X), 2, 3, 5, 6; and the Quiberon Expedition, 259, 261-263, 287; retires to Holyrood, 263; dines with Pitt and Grenville, 377.

Assaye, battle of, 463, 505.

Assignats, royalist, manufacture of, 261.

"Associated Friends of the Constitution," the, at Glasgow, 173, 174.

Auckland, Lord (William Eden), Ambassador at The Hague, 38, 51, 68, 69, 71 n., 72-74, 76, 82, 97, 99, 107, 109, 111, 126, 189; Pitt's intimacy with his daughter, 299-303; Postmaster-General, 303, 330, 331, 342, 355, 356, 394-396, 415, 421, 434; his reported intrigues, 443, 445; rupture with Pitt, 452; his "inquisitiveness," 479, 480 n.; 559, 560.

Augereau, P. F. C., Duc de Castiglione, 324.

Austerlitz, battle of, 536, 544, 560; reception of the news of in England, 548, 549.

Austria, alliance with Prussia (1791), 5, 43; war with France, 23, 46; her share in the partition of Poland, 53, 122; evacuates Brussels, 74; end of estrangement with England, 84; her aims in the war, 122, 123, 129; alliance with England (1793), 123, 143, 147; fails to send reinforcements to Toulon, 152, 153, 157, 158, 161, 268; disputes with Prussia, 200-202; evacuation of the Netherlands, 209, 211, 212; treaty with Russia and England (1795), 235; receives financial aid from England, 304; her struggle with Napoleon, 304, 321, 322; treaty of Campo Formio (1797), 327, 365; appeals to England, 366; schemes for expansion in Italy, 371, 378; declares War against France (1799), 374; negotiations with England (1799), 383; her defeats at Marengo, 386, 387, Ulm, 534, 542, and Austerlitz, 544, 552, 560. See Francis II.

Avignon, annexed by France, 220, 276.

Aylesbury, county meeting at, 188.

Baillie, Dr., 554.

Baird, Sir David, his expedition to the Cape, 532, 539.

Bank of England, crisis in 1797, 304, 308, 309.

Bankes, Sir Henry, 290, 428, 454, 520.

Bantry Bay, expedition to, 277, 308, 346.

Barere de Vieuzac, Bertrand, 83, 167.

Barham, Lord (Sir Charles Middleton), Pitt visits him at Teston, 479; appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, 521, 522, 532, 550, 551; created Lord Barham, 522.

Baring, Sir Francis, on the Cape, 251.

Barlow, Joel, 66, 70, 115, 172.

Barnard, Lady Anne, her "South Africa a Century Ago," 254.

Barras, Paul Francois Nicolas, Comte de, 263, 325, 328; promises help to Ireland, 348, 363.

Barrington, Sir Jonah, 411, 412.

Barthelemy, Francois, Marquis de, French envoy in Switzerland, 105, 217, 233, 236, 346.

Basle, Treaties of (1795), 217, 233, 236, 237.

Bassano, Duc de. See Maret.

Bath, French refugees in, 165; Pitt's stay at, 479, 547-553.

Bathurst, Bragge, 517, 518.

Bathurst, Lord, 476, 549, 550.

Bavaria, Electorate of, proposal for exchange, 122, 123, 129, 210.

Beaufoy, Henry, M.P., 10, 11.

Bedford, Duke of, 312.

Belfast, French sympathies in, 71, 78; sedition in, 181.

Belgic Provinces, French designs on, 47, 48; French conquest of, 69, 79; demand independence, 83; annexed by France, 111, 121; Austrian proposal for exchange, 122, 129, 210; reconquered, 126; Austrian evacuation of, 208-212; plans for, 371.

Belmore, Lord, 402.

Benoit, Pierre Victor, 60.

Beresford, John, Irish Chief Commissioner of the Revenue, 340, 346, 355, 356, 418, 419, 420, 424; Lord Fitzwilliam and, 341, 342; on the Irish Rebellion, 394, 395; on the Union, 401-404, 410.

Berg, Duchy of, 46.

Bergen-op-Zoom, 126, 213; failure of attack on, 382.

Bethencourt, battle of, 208.

Binns, John, 283, 286, 349, 350.

Birmingham, riots in (1791), 10, 17-19; malcontents in, 186; the "Loyal True Blues," 188, 189; riots in (1795), 287, 288.

Biron, Duc de, his mission to London, 42, 43; arrested for debt, 43.

Bischoffswerder, Baron von, Prussian Minister, 2, 5, 203.

Blankett, Commodore, expedition to the Cape, 251.

Boissy d'Anglas, Francois Antoine de, 233.

Bolton, Lord. See Orde, Thomas.

Bonaparte, Joseph, 506, 526.

Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon.

Bond, 530.

Bone, John, 318.

Bonham, arrested, 350.

Bonney, arrested, 190; discharged, 193.

Booth, his evidence against Thomas Walker, 185.

Boyd, Sir R., 158.

Boyd, Walter, 325, 326.

Brabant. See Belgic Provinces.

Breda, captured by Dumouriez, 126.

Brest, naval preparations at, 349, 418, 420, 421; proposed attack on, 383, 386.

Bridport, Lord (Alexander Hood), 261; and the mutiny at the Nore, 311-313; blockades Brest, 420, 421.

Brissot, Jacques Pierre, 107, 223 n., 248.

British Columbia, 565.

British Convention, meets at Edinburgh, 181, 182, 184.

Brook, John, attorney and Mayor of Birmingham, 18, 186.

Brooks's Club, 20.

Brown, Matthew C., of Sheffield, 181, 182.

Brown, Colonel, 512.

Bruix, Admiral, 381 n., 420, 430.

Brunswick, Charles, Duke of, 46; his manifesto, 52, 57; his retreat through the Argonne, 62; campaign on the Rhine, 142, 200, 201; superseded, 201; opposed to continuation of the war, 207; refuses to take command in Holland, 214-216, 274.

Brunswick, Duchess of, 214, 215, 216.

Brunswick-Oels, Frederick, Duke of, 121.

Brussels, evacuated by the Austrians, 74.

Buccleugh, Duke of, 476.

Buckingham, Marquis of (George Grenville, Earl Temple), 19, 62, 158, 240, 336; on the state of Ireland, 395, 396, 412; on Lord Loughborough, 432.

Buckinghamshire, Earl of (Lord Hobart), 462, 487, 494, 495; Chancellor of the Duchy, 517, 521; resigns, 530.

Buckner, Vice-Admiral, 314.

Burdett, Sir Francis, 332.

Burges, Bland, 51, 64, 86, 259.

Burgh, Dr., 472.

Burgoing, special envoy to Madrid, 233, 235.

Burgoyne, General, 30.

Burke, Edmund, interview with Pitt and Grenville, 7, 8; fears the spread of French principles, 9, 10, 61; on Reform, 12, 24; Paine's reply to his "Reflections," 15, 16; other replies, 16; his "Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs," 16; his "Reflections," 19, 20, 70 n.; letter to Grenville after the September massacres, 60, 61; on the Treasury Bench, 89; declares the death of Louis inevitable, 91, 92; his speech on the Aliens Bill, 64, 94; his view of the war, 119, 120, 136, 137, 259, 275, 321; on the Traitorous Correspondence Bill, 164; proposes Coalition Ministry (1794), 191; his Economy Bill, 467; as an orator, compared with Pitt, 567; his death, 326.

Burke, Richard, at Coblentz, 7.

Burney, Fanny, 64.

Burton Pynsent, expenses of, 476.

Butler, Simon, 180, 181.

Bute, Earl of, sent to Madrid, 233, 235-237, 242-244.

Buzot, F. L. Nicolas, 62.

Cadusey, de, 220.

Calder, Admiral, 532, 536.

Caldiero, battle of, 321.

Calonne, Charles Alexandre de, his mission to England, 3, 5.

Calvi, capture of, 256.

Camage, W., of Sheffield, arrested, 186, 191.

Cambaceres, J. J. Regis de, 233.

Camden, Charles Pratt, 1st Earl, 33, 44.

Camden, John Jeffreys Pratt, 2nd Earl (afterwards Marquis), Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 342-348, 352-364, 391, 392, 393, 395, 402, 406, 409, 422; his friendship with Pitt, 475, 476, 481, 491; Secretary at War, etc., 501, 507, 514; President of the Council, 530, 557.

Camelford, Lord (Thomas Pitt), 37; on Pitt's duel with Tierney, 336.

Campbell, Thomas, at the trial of Gerrald, 183.

Camperdown, battle of, 328, 347.

Campo Formio, Treaty of, 327, 328, 365.

Canada, Upper, establishment of Government of, 31.

Canning, George, 39; his interview with Pitt, 40, 41; the "Anti-Jacobin," 327, 336, 337, 464; on conditions of peace with France, 383, 384; resigns the Under-Secretaryship, 376, 421; strongly supports the Union, 421, 422; on Catholic Emancipation, 442; resigns office (1801), 451, 465; on Pitt's generosity, 457; his relations with Pitt, 459, 464-466, 567; his marriage, 464; opposed to peace (1801), 469, 470; on Pitt's position, 471; his poems, 474, 518; urges Pitt to action, 481, 482; Treasurer of the Navy, 501; falls out with Hawkesbury, 518; defends Melville, 520; his sympathy with Spanish patriots, 524; disapproves of the expedition to Hanover, 542, 547; anxious for Pitt's health, 547; with Pitt at Bath, 549, 550, 553; mentioned, 286, 325, 375, 390, 450, 488.

Canterbury, Archbishop of. See Moore, John, and Sutton, Charles Manners.

Cape of Good Hope, the, 216, 250; British conquest of, 251-255, 274, 276, 323, 325, 371, 469, 470, 478, 480, 565; Baird's expedition to, 532, 539.

Cape Town, capture of, 252-254; population of, 253.

Carew, 294.

Carles, John, of Birmingham, 18, 186.

Carlisle, Earl of, 322, 350; on Irish affairs, 391, 392, 394.

Carlyle, Thomas, on the September massacres, 61.

Carmarthen, Marquis of. See Leeds, Duke of.

Carnot, L. N. M., French general and Minister of War, 125, 135, 138, 141, 208, 212, 217, 266, 272, 279, 280.

Caroline, Princess, of Brunswick, 214, 216; as Princess of Wales, 508.

Carrington, Lord, 330, 476, 489, 557.

Carteaux, Jean Francois, 145.

Cartwright, Major John, 23; his "Commonwealth in Danger," 280.

Carver, Edward, of Birmingham, 189.

Carysfort, Lord, 412, 495.

Castiglione, battle of, 243.

"Castlebar Races," the, 362.

Castlereagh, Viscount, 370, 569; account of, 398, 399; Irish Chief Secretary, 399, 402, 408, 410-412, 416, 423-425, 435-437, 441, 446, 449, 486; resigns, 440; President of the India Board, 501; defends Melville, 520; Minister at War, 530; letters to Pitt, 531, 532, 549-551; interview with Pitt at Bath, 551, 552; at Putney, 555.

Catalonia, French invasion of, 197; Republican rising in, 231, 233, 234.

Catharine II, Czarina, 4, 6, 7, 231; her designs on Poland, 9, 46, 122; encourages Polish malcontents, 52; invades Poland, 53, 54; her success, 55; offers alliance to England, 99; treaty with England and Austria (1795), 235; her death, 258, 321.

Cathelineau, Jacques, 136.

Catholic Emancipation, question of, 396-401, 414, 418, 426, 428, 431, 433, 452, 486, 487; opposed by the King, 433-439, 564; division in the Cabinet on, 443-445; motion for, rejected, 518, 519.

Catholics, the, in Ireland, 390, 395-401; in favour of the Union, 412, 417-419; courted by Cornwallis, 422, 423; question of promises made to them, 441-446.

Cazales, Jacques Antoine Marie de, 43.

Ceylon, 323, 325, 371, 468-470, 565.

Chalk Farm, mass meeting at, 188, 193.

Chandermagore, 198.

Charette, Francois, 261-263.

Charlemont, Lord, 408.

Charleroi, surrender of, 209, 210.

Charles, Archduke of Austria, 126, 205, 206, 377, 378.

Charles IV, of Spain, appeals to France on behalf of Louis, 93; his weakness and extravagance, 197, 230, 231, 513, 560; his policy, 231, 233.

Charles X, 2.

Charles Emmanuel IV, King of Sardinia (1796-8), his abdication, 373, 378.

Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria, 122, 123.

Charlotte, Queen, her relations with the King, 506, 507.

Charmilly, de, delegate from Hayti, 220, 227, 229, 239.

Chatham, John Pitt, Earl of, First Lord of the Admiralty, 68, 125, 145, 268; his incompetence, 137, 140, 215; made Lord Privy Seal, 216, 273, 299; borrows money of Pitt, 302, 303, 476; engaged in Holland, 382; Lord President, 440, 446; letter to Pitt on his resignation, 440; Master of the Ordnance, 501, 557.

Chatham, William Pitt, 1st Lord, and Pitt compared, 320, 474, 490, 562, 565.

Chatham, Lady, 68.

Chatham, Dowager Lady, Pitt's mother, 299, 302, 476; her death, 488, 490.

Chaumont, Treaty of (1814), 523.

Chauvelin, Marquis de, French Ambassador in London, 48, 84; his cold reception, 49, 50; account of, 59, 60; tries to stir up discontent, 69; interview with Grenville, 78, 79; piqued at Pitt's interview with Maret, 80, 82, 116, 117; refused official recognition, 84, 98, 101, 115; conversation with Sheridan, 87; Lebrun's instructions to, 96; note to Grenville, 97, 98; protests against the Aliens Bill, 101, 103; interview with Grenville, 104, 105; ordered to leave England, 108-111, 117; his responsibility for the war, 115-117.

China, British embassy to, 32.

Chouans, the, 260-264, 284, 326.

Christie, William, his "Catechism of the French Constitution," 22; 175.

"Church and King Club," 13, 185.

Churchill, Charles, on Lord Loughborough, 432.

Cinque Ports Volunteers, Pitt and the, 474, 477, 488-490.

Cisalpine Republic, the, 470.

Clare, Earl of (Baron Fitzgibbon), Lord Chancellor of Ireland, 340, 342, 393, 406, 410; interviews with Pitt, 397-400; opposes Catholic Emancipation, 437.

Clarence, Duke of, 31.

Clarke, Major-General Alured, his expedition to the Cape, 251, 253.

Clarke, General, agrees to send a French expedition to Ireland, 345, 346.

Clarkson, Thomas, 502.

Claviere, Etienne, French Minister of Finance, 45, 58.

Clerfait, Field Marshal, 209, 213-215.

Clifden, Lord, 346, 402.

Clubs, political, growth of, 12, 13, 16, 21-23; their aims, 25, 26; accused of foreign connections, 51; their rejoicings at the Revolution, 61; addresses to French National Convention, 65-67, 70, 71, 73, 76, 77, 86, 114, 115, 164, 172; growth of, in 1793, 167; their organization, 168, 169. See Chap. VII.

Coalition, the First, 123, 125, 132; weakness of, 195, 196, 278; the Second, see Chap. XVII; the Third, 529, 534 et seq.

Cobenzl, Count Ludwig, 373, 375.

Cobenzl, Count Philip, Austrian Chancellor, 75, 120 n., 560; his fall, 129.

Coblentz, Royalist leaders at, 2, 3, 20.

Coburg, Duke of, his campaign in Flanders, 121, 126, 127, 130-133, 138-141, 205, 206, 209, 210, 267.

Cochrane, Admiral, 514.

Cockburn, Lord, on the Scots, 173.

Coke of Norfolk, 188, 294.

Colchester, Lord. See Abbot, Charles.

Colpoys, Vice-Admiral, 311, 312.

Conde, captured by the Allies, 134, 136; surrendered, 210.

Conolly, Captain, 159.

Conscription, in France, 266.

Consols, great rise in (1783-1792), 31; rise in (1796), 305; fall after the Nore mutiny, 315.

Constitutional Information, London Society for, 12 n., 21, 22, 65, 66, 70, 167, 181, 184, 190.

Cooke, Edward, his letters to Auckland and Castlereagh on the Irish question, 355, 356, 362 n., 395, 396, 404, 405, 418-420, 422, 424, 425, 435-437; his pamphlet on the Union, 405, 408; his conduct during the debate on the Union, 412.

Coote, General, 379.

Copenhagen, battle of, 388, 450.

Cork, despatch of troops from, 146, 152 n., 153; sentiments of the Grand Jury on the Union, 416, 417.

Corn Laws, 288, 289.

Cornwall, representation of, 173.

Cornwallis, Admiral, 514, 532.

Cornwallis, Marquis, suggested as Commander-in-Chief in Flanders, 205, 214, 272; Master-General of the Ordnance, 273; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 359, 362, 363, 389, 391-412, 417, 418, 421-426, 435, 436, 441, 443, 449; resigns, 440; Viceroy of India, 463; negotiates the Treaty of Amiens, 470, 477.

Corporation Act, the, efforts to repeal, 10, 11.

Corresponding Society for Reform of Parliamentary Representation, 21, 26, 65, 66, 167, 168, 184, 186-190, 193; monster meeting at Islington, 283, 286; supposed connection with the mutiny at the Nore, 316-318; becomes a revolutionary body, 349, 350; its papers seized, 351.

Corsica, 143, 144, 150 n., 155, 156, 158, 210, 228, 232, 233, 235, 244, 267; British occupation of, 255-257, 269; evacuated, 258, 275.

County Reform Associations, the, 23.

"Courier," the, 67.

Courtenay, John, M.P., 238.

Couthon, Georges, 134, 135.

Coutts, Thomas, 306 n., 308 n., 475-477.

Cowper, W., his pension, 455 n., 456.

Craig, Major-General Sir James, in command at the Cape, 251-254; his expedition to Malta, 368, 524, 525; Mornington's opinion of, 461.

Crance, Dubois, 266.

Craufurd, Major-General Robert, 510.

Creevey, Thomas, 497, 521.

Crossfield, Secretary of the London Corresponding Society, 349.

Cumberland, Duke of, 448.

Curragh, affair on the, 357, 358.

Curt, delegate from Guadeloupe, 221.

Custine, General, Comte de, 73, 85, 121, 133.

Czartoryski, Prince, 522, 526.

Daer, Lord, 174.

Dalrymple, Colonel William, 173, 174.

Daly, Denis, 341.

Danton, George Jacques, Minister of Justice, 58; his alleged offer to save Louis, 94 n.; his decree annexing Belgium, 111, 112, 116, 121.

D'Arcon, 135.

Davison, Richard, of Sheffield, 189, 191, 193.

De Clifford, Lord, 420, 422.

Delacroix, Jacques Vincent, French Foreign Minister, 322.

Del Campo, Marquis, 233.

Delessart, A. de Valdec, French Foreign Minister, 43, 44; arrested, 45.

Demerara, Dutch, 241.

Democracy, new birth of, 23; progress of, 62-68; opposition to, 68.

Derby, Society for Constitutional Information at, 70.

Despard, Colonel, arrested, 350.

"Devil's Own," the, 489.

Devonshire, Duke of, 402, 497.

Devonshire, Duchess of, 497.

Dibdin, Charles, 337.

Dillon, General Theobald, murdered by his troops, 49.

Dissenters. See Nonconformists.

Dominica, revolt in, 239.

Don, General, 542, 545.

Donegal, Lord, 420, 422.

Dover Loyal Association, address to Pitt, 86.

Downes, Sir William, 395.

Downshire, Lord, 398; his opposition to the Union, 402, 418, 420, 422-424.

Doyle, General, expedition to la Vendee, 237, 262, 263.

Drake, Francis, British agent at Genoa, 155.

Drane, Mr., Mayor of Reading, 180.

Duckworth, Sir James, 532 n.

Duff, General, 357, 358.

Dumouriez, General, French Foreign Minister, 45, 46, 72; his "Reflections on Negotiations with England," 47, 48; appeals to England to prevent war with Prussia, 51; his resignation, 59; Campaign in the Low Countries, 69, 73, 74, 76, 80, 82, 83, 85, 106, 107, 267; his proposed mission to London, 109-111, 118; his self-confidence, 117; correspondence with Pache, 121; failure of his campaign in Belgium, 121, 126; his treason, 126, 131-132; Memoir on the defence of England, 509.

Duncan, Admiral Lord, 315, 328, 336, 347.

Duncombe, C. S., M.P., 12.

Dundas, Major-General Sir David, at Toulon, 157, 159, 160; in Corsica, 256, 257; his scheme of coast defence, 277, 287; and the Volunteers, 491, 492, 512.

Dundas, Henry (afterwards Lord Melville), Home Secretary, 34, 35, 63, 64, 89, 186, 190; opposes repeal of the Test Act in Scotland, 14; puts down the Birmingham riots, 18, 79; on the proclamation against seditious writings, 25; anxious for union with the Old Whigs, 36, 38; friendly to France, 44; on sedition in Scotland, 77; his scheme for rearranging the Cabinet, 124, 125; his many offices, 124, 125, 270, 271; his conduct of the war, 125, 137, 140, 147, 157, 158; ignorant of military affairs, 128; his influence in Scotland, 173, 409; and the Scottish prosecutions, 176, 178-180, 182, 184; burnt in effigy at Dundee, 177; Secretary of State for War, 191, 205, 210, 213, 216, 221, 224, 225, 238-240, 241, 243, 245-248, 257, 260, 267, 268, 325, 326, 331, 362, 363, 381, 384, 386; President of the India Board, 251, 254; letter to Pitt on the idea of a War Minister, 271, 272; his friendship with Pitt, 299, 454, 476; urges the Egyptian expedition, 387, 388; his conversations with the King on Catholic Emancipation, 433, 436, 444, 449; resigns, 440; on Pitt's resignation, 440, 441, 450; created Lord Melville, 483; his mission to Pitt at Walmer, 483, 484; on the Volunteers, 494; on the King's illness, 497; First Lord of the Admiralty, 501, 511, 514; his impeachment, 519-521; acquitted, 521; on India, 565.

Dundas, General Ralph, 357, 358, 361.

Dundas, Robert, Lord Advocate for Scotland, 14, 174, 176, 178, 179, 182-184.

Dundas, William, Secretary at War, 501.

Dundee, political agitation in, 77, 173, 174, 177, 178.

Dungannon, Ulster Volunteers in, 78.

Dunkirk, siege of, 127, 130, 131, 138-141, 147, 267; Napoleon at, 349.

Dunlop, John, Lord Provost of Glasgow, 175 n., 178.

Duroc, General, Duc de Frioul, his mission to Berlin, 535, 537.

Dutch, the, their rights over the Scheldt, 71, 72; their apathy, 213, 216, 274; at the Cape, 250-255; defeated at battle of Camperdown, 328, 347.

Dutch East India Company, 250, 252.

Dutch Republic, the, 47; treaty with England (1788), 72; threatened by France, 73-76, 80, 82, 84, 107; English assurances to, 74, 114; plots of the "Patriots," 74, 75; appeals to England for help, 77; unprepared for war, 98, 107; France declares war on, 112; French conquest of, 213-216, 250; peace with Spain, 236; alliance with France (1795), 251, 261, 274; Anglo-Russian expedition to, 379-383; remodelled by Bonaparte, 470; proposal to offer it to Prussia, 552.

East India Company, renewal of Charter, 165.

Eaton, Daniel Isaac, prosecution of, 184.

Eden, Eleanor, Pitt's relations with, 300-303, 465, 491; her marriage, 462 n.

Eden, Morton, Ambassador at Vienna, 129, 161, 199, 200, 202-204, 235, 331, 380.

Edge, Captain, 160.

Edinburgh, Conventions of Friends of the People at, 174, 179, 180; Radical club at, 178; British Convention at, 181, 182.

Egypt, Napoleon's expedition to, 255, 277 n., 278, 327, 328, 368, 377; English expedition to, 387, 388; surrender of French garrisons in, 468; to be restored to the Sultan, 468.

Ehrenthal, Swedish envoy at Madrid, 242.

El Arish, Convention of, 387.

Elba, evacuation of, 258, 275.

Eldon, Lord (Sir John Scott), 34, 35, 499, 501, 506, 514.

Eliot, Edward J., his death, 325.

Elliot, Sir Gilbert. See Minto, Earl of.

Elliot, William, Irish Under-Secretary at War, 400.

Elphinstone, Rear-Admiral Sir Keith, his expedition to the Cape, 251, 252, 254.

Ely, Lord, 393, 402.

Emmett, Addis, 394.

Enclosures, 166, 288, 291-298.

Enghien, Duc d', execution of, 516.

England, discontent in (1793), 165-167; (1795), see Chap. XIII; (1798), 333; fears of invasion, 277; national defence, 278-281; shortage of corn, 288-291; state of agriculture, 291; policy of enclosures, 291-298; financial crisis (1797), 304, 308, 309; increasing prosperity, 330; public opinion in (1798), 338.

"English Chronicle," the, 66, 67.

Enniskillen, Lord, 408.

Epsom, county meeting at, 188.

Erskine, Thomas, Baron, 23, 24, 89, 172, 176, 192, 488.

Euston, Lord, 412.

Evans, Thomas, Secretary of the London Corresponding Society, 349, 350; arrested, 350.

Famars, evacuated by the French, 133, 134.

Farquhar, Sir Walter, 548, 553, 554, 557.

Federalism, advocated by Fox, 413.

Fellows, Henry, 318.

Ferdinand IV, King of Naples, 199, 231, 365, 366.

Ferrol, expedition to (1800), 386.

Fersen, Count, 4, 49.

Fingall, Lord, 393, 442, 449, 518, 519.

Finisterre, Cape, battle off, 532, 536.

Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, 23, 345, 346; his capture and death, 354, 355.

Fitzgerald, Pamela, 79, 345.

Fitzgibbon, Baron. See Clare, Earl of.

Fitzharris, Lord, 520.

Fitzwilliam, Earl, Viceroy of Ireland, 213, 339-342, 392, 432, 433, 452, 500.

Fleurus, battle of, 209, 210, 267, 270.

Flood, Henry, M.P., his motion for Reform, 11, 12.

Floridablanca, Count, his fall, 46.

Forbes, Major-General, Commander-in-Chief in Hayti, 240, 245.

Ford, Captain, 513.

Fortiquerri, Marshal, 150 n.

Foster, John (afterwards Baron Oriel), Irish Speaker, 393, 398; interview with Pitt, 400, 401; his opposition to the Union, 414, 418-420.

Foster, son of the Speaker, 412.

Fouche, Joseph, Duke of Otranto, 528, 529.

Fox, Charles James, gains ground with Nonconformists, 11, 12; on the Army Estimates (1792), 30; his Libel Bill, 33; opposes proclamations against seditious writings, 36; suggested coalition with Pitt, 36, 37; unpatriotic speeches, 87-89, 91, 278, 333; intimate with the French embassy, 89; opposes the Aliens Bill, 94; disapproves of the Radical Clubs, 168; opposes erection of barracks, 169; on the Scottish prosecutions, 179; in favour of peace, 198, 276, 277; on slaves in Jamaica, 238; on the massacre of royalists at Quiberon, 262; on the Treasonable Practices Bill, 285, 286; on the Bank crisis (1797), 308, 309; and the mutinies in the fleet, 312, 313, 316; his "secession," 316, 330; on the Finance Bills of 1797-8, 330, 370; his name removed from the Privy Council, 333; and Arthur O'Connor, 350; his views on the Union and Federalism, 413; on Pitt's resignation, 445; intrigues with the Prince of Wales, 449, 497; on the peace proposals, 470; on the war (1803), 488; on the Volunteers, 494; alliance with Grenville, 496; attack on Addington, 499; the King objects to his inclusion in Pitt's ministry, 499, 500; supports abolition of the Slave Trade, 502; his motion of Catholic Emancipation, 518, 519; opposes Pitt's burial in the Abbey, 559; as an orator, compared with Pitt, 567; mentioned, 24, 156, 165, 188, 191, 283, 293, 506, 517, 518, 555, 557, 562, 563.

France, the flight to Varennes, 1, 2, 4, 40; change of ministry, 45; declares war against Austria, 23, 46; first signs of friction with England, 50; the September massacres, 57, 59-62; addresses of English clubs to the Convention, 65, et seq.; trial of the King decreed, 74, 85; conquest of Belgium, 66, 69, 75, 83; the November decrees, 71, 72, 75, 76, 114; annexes Savoy, 72; her designs on Holland, 73-76, 80, 82; negotiations with England, 84, 95-99, 103-107; decree of 15th December, 90, 91; annexes Belgium, 111, 121; declares war on England and Holland, 112; evacuates the Netherlands, 126; the Convention declares Pitt the enemy of the human race, 134; revolts in the South and in Brittany, 143, 144; destruction of her navy at Toulon, 160, 161; the miracle of revolutionary finance, 196; passion for unity in, 197; successes in Belgium, 208-212; conquest of Holland, 213-216; treaty of Basle, 217, 223; action in the West Indies, see Chaps. IX and X; peace with Spain, 236, 237, 244, 257; alliance with Holland, 251, 274; supposed connection with the mutiny at the Nore, 316; negotiations at Lille, 323-325; coup d'etat of Fructidor 18, 1797, 324; the Directory rejects Pitt's overtures for peace, 324-327, 336, 338; intrigues with Irish rebels, 345-351, 391; preparations for the eastern expedition, 356, 357; makes offers of peace to Russia, 375; expeditions to Ireland, 362-364, 394-396; her supremacy in Europe, 365; destruction of her fleet at Aboukir, 367, 368; conquest of Naples, 372; Austria declares war on (1799), 374; her responsibility for the war, 374; defeats in Italy, 376; Peace of Amiens, 470; declares war on England (1803), 487; alliance with Spain, 513, 514.

Francis II, Emperor, his accession, 45; war with France, 46; his French policy, 120 n.; dismisses Cobenzl, 129; his character, 189-199, 231, 560; takes command of the army in Flanders, 206; returns to Vienna, 209; appeals to England, 366; refuses to interfere in Naples, 372; declares war against France, 374; his timid conduct, 508, 515; his truce proposals after Austerlitz, 544, 545.

Francis, Sir Philip, 23, 238, 290.

Free Trade, demand for (in corn), 289; Pitt's ideal, 427, 428.

Frederick William II, of Prussia, alliance with Austria, 5, 43; signs the Declaration of Pilnitz, 5; encourages Francis II to war, 46; his conduct of the war, 121, 129, 142, 200-204, 207, 215; difficulties of his position, 201; affects indignation with Pitt, 213; makes treaty of Basle with France, 217; his character, 231.

Frederick William III, of Prussia, refuses to join the Allies, 373, 374; his policy, 515, 523, 528, 535-537; his character, 535, 560; signs the Treaty of Potsdam, 539; his demand for Hanover, 540, 541, 552; agrees to the Convention of Schoenbrunn, 553; deserts the Allies, 553, 556.

French emigres, 1-3, 6, 7, 155; Pitt and, 3, 6, 259, 287, 454; in England, 63, 64, 165; and the Quiberon expedition, 259-261; hated by George III, 261.

French, Sir Thomas, 518.

Frere, Hookham, 327; Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 421; at Canning's wedding, 464, 465; Ambassador at Madrid, 514.

"Friends of the People," the, 23, 24, 40, 167, 168, 171.

Frost, John, 66, 70, 115, 172; his conviction, 172, 173.

Gales, of Sheffield, arrested, 186.

Game Laws, Bill for Reform of, 295.

Garat, Dominique Joseph, 111.

Garcia, Don, Spanish Governor of San Domingo, 228, 229, 235.

Gardiner, Colonel, British envoy at Warsaw, 54.

Gardner, Vice-Admiral Sir Allan, 311.

Garnier, moves that it shall be lawful to murder Pitt, 134.

General Convention of the People, proposal for, 186-189, 192, 193, 284.

Genlis, Mme. de, 79.

Genoa (the Ligurian Republic), 150 n., 386, 470; annexed by Napoleon, 528, 529.

George III, his replies to Leopold II and Gustavus III on intervention in France, 3, 4; dismisses Thurlow, 34; his attitude to proposed coalition of Pitt and the Old Whigs, 36-38; his reception of Talleyrand, 43; his hostility to France, 44, 51, 115; increasing loyalty to, 86; sympathy with Louis XVI, 91; orders Chauvelin to leave the country, 108, 109 n.; his view of the war, 119; advocates the siege of Dunkirk, 127, 130; his influence in military affairs, 128, 205, 207, 208, 214, 215, 217; opposed to peace, 243, 276, 321-323; offered the crown of Corsica, 256; insists on keeping troops in Hanover, 261, 273, 274; his dislike of the emigres, 261; outrage on, in the Mall, 277 n., 282, 283, 286; his patronage of agriculture, 291; on the peace negotiations, 324, 325; disapproves of Pitt's duel with Tierney, 336; Irish policy, 342, 358, 359, 394, 409; story of Dundas and, 388; his opposition to Catholic Emancipation, 433-439; accepts Pitt's resignation, 439, 444, 445; his madness, 447, 448, 497-499, 506, 507; extracts a pledge from Pitt, 448, 449; his neglect of literature and art, 456; objects to Fox's inclusion in the Ministry, 499, 500, 530; rejects Napoleon's peace overtures, 516; his character and relations with Pitt, 561-564.

Gerrald, Joseph, 177, 180, 181; his trial and transportation, 182, 183.

Gibbon, Edward, remark of George III to, 456.

Gibraltar, proposed cession to Spain, 277; demanded by Spain, 323, 565.

Gillray, James, 530.

Gisborne, Dr., 447.

Gladstone, W. E., his Home Rule Bill (1886), 415.

Glasgow, political agitation in, 173, 178.

Godoy, Manuel de (afterwards Duke of Alcudia and Prince of the Peace), Spanish Minister, 154, 157; his story concerning Pitt refuted, 92, 93; his relations with the Queen, 230; his character, 230, 231; Anti-British intrigues, 232, 235, 237, 242, 243, 275; makes peace with France, 233, 234, 236; protests against British action in Hayti, 234, 235; made Prince of the Peace, 237; declares war against England, 244; gives aid to France, 513, 514, 560.

Gordon, Duke of, 476.

Gordon, Duchess of, 300 n.; Pitt and, 459.

Gower, Earl, Ambassador at Paris, 42, 45, 47, 58; recalled, 58.

Gower, Lord Granville Leveson-, 465; Ambassador at St. Petersburg, 526, 527, 529.

Graaf-Reinet, settlement of, 252, 254.

Graham, A., and D. Williams, their report on the mutiny at the Nore, 316-318.

Granard, Lord, 402.

Grattan, Henry, 339-341, 343, 344, 398, 408, 411.

Gravina, Rear-Admiral, 148, 150, 153.

Gregoire, Henri, 72, 83, 114.

Grenada, revolt in, 239; capture of, 241.

Grenville, Thomas, special envoy at Vienna, 199, 211; his mission to Berlin (1798), 373, 374; on the peace proposals (1801), 469; negotiates the Grenville-Fox alliance, 496.

Grenville, William Wyndham, Lord, Foreign Secretary, 3, 6-9, 37, 68, 312, 421; opposes Flood's motion for Reform, 12; on the Birmingham riots, 19; his marriage, 37; his assurances to Talleyrand, 43-45; his policy regarding the Belgic Provinces, 47, 48; his treatment of Chauvelin, 50, 79, 98, 99, 104, 105, 115; assertion of neutrality, 51, 52, 61, 69, 98; policy towards Poland, 54; ignorant of events in France, 58; his concern at the November decrees, 72-74; regards war as unavoidable, 76, 77, 82; makes overtures to Austria, 84; his fears of Spanish weakness, 92; negotiations with France, 97-101, 103-108; his despatch to Whitworth on British aims, 99, 100; declines to treat with Maret, 109-112; his belief in neutrality, 113; forms the first coalition, 123; ignorant of military affairs, 128; his war policy, 129, 132, 142, 143, 150, 153 n., 154-156, 161, 196, 202, 204-213, 256, 263, 266, 369, 371, 375, 377-380, 382-384; offers to resign, 213, 217, 323; West Indian policy, 224, 225, 228; negotiations with Spain, 233, 234, 243; opposed to negotiations for peace, 276, 322-326; introduces the Treasonable Practices Bill, 285; supports the Finance Bill (1797), 330; on Irish policy, 341, 342, 400, 403, 406; and the Catholic question, 432, 436, 437, 439 n., 449, 519; resigns, 440; on Pitt's resignation, 445, 446; his relations with Pitt, 454, 469, 479, 480, 510, 511; on Pitt's scholarship, 458; opposed to peace (1801), 469; his plans for overthrowing Addington, 495, 496; alliance with Fox, 496; refuses to join Pitt's new ministry, 500-502; opposes Pitt, 502-504, 510, 517, 55, 557, 559.

Grey, General Sir Charles (afterwards 1st Earl Grey), 225; letter from Pitt to, 381.

Grey, Charles (afterwards 2nd Earl Grey), 23, 188, 191, 276, 516, 519; motions for Reform, 24, 316; opposes proclamation against seditious writings, 25; supports Fox, 89; on the Scottish prosecutions, 179; opposes the Act of Union, 427, 428.

Griffith, Rev. John, of Manchester, 185.

Guadeloupe, planters appeal to England for protection, 221; captured and again recovered, 225, 237, 240, 249.

Guiana, abolition of Slave Trade in, 503.

Guipuzcoa, province of, 233, 235.

Gustavus III of Sweden, 2-4, 7; assassinated, 46.

Gustavus IV of Sweden, refuses aid against Holland, 380; makes a convention with England, 516; his hostility to Napoleon, 528.

Habeas Corpus Act, suspension of (1794), 191, 193, 285; (1798), 333, 351; in Ireland, 345.

Hague Convention (1794), 207.

Hailes, Daniel, British envoy at Warsaw, 53-55.

Hair-powder, disuse of, 290; tax on, 307.

Hameln, held by the French, 544.

Hamilton, Sir William, 150 n., 372.

Hamilton, Lady, 372.

Hammond, George, envoy to the United States, 291.

Hanover, British troops kept in, 261, 273, 274; coveted by Prussia, 535-537, 540, 541, 552; British expedition to, 542, 551, 555, 556.

Hanoverian troops, landed in England, 181, 188.

Hanriot, Francois, 59.

Hardenberg, Karl August, Prince von, 212; signs the Treaty of Basle, 217; Prussian Foreign Minister, 529, 536, 540, 545.

Hardwicke, Earl of, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 429, 501.

Hardy, Thomas, his "Corresponding Society," 21, 23, 68, 167; letter to Dr. Adams, 65, 66; sends address from combined patriotic societies to French Convention, 67, 68; circular on a General Convention, 187, 188; arrested, 190; acquitted, 192; letter from Thelwall to, 352 n.

Hare, Captain, 160.

Harington, Mr., Mayor of Bath, 165.

Harrington, Earl of, commander of the forces in London, 319; his mission to Berlin, 556.

Harris, Sir James. See Malmesbury, Lord.

Harrowby, Earl of (Dudley Ryder), 290, 294, 451; acts as Pitt's second, 334, 335; Foreign Secretary, 501, 514, 515, 517, 523; Chancellor of the Duchy, 530; his mission to Berlin, 538-547, 552 n.; breakdown of his health, 545, 546, 553, 558; recalled, 556.

Haugwitz, Count von, Prussian Foreign Minister, 202, 206, 207, 212, 515, 536, 537, 540, 543, 553, 560.

Hawkesbury, Lord, 81, 221; Foreign Secretary, 468, 479, 487; Home Secretary, 501, 507, 514, 517, 518, 521, 532, 549, 555.

Hayley, W., letter to Pitt, 455, 456.

Hayti, proposed transfer to England, 131; rising of negroes in, 220, 223; requests British protection, 220; its wealth and prosperity, 222, 223; British successes in, 223, 225-227, 232, 233; Spanish action in, 224, 227-229, 239; increasing difficulties in, 245, 246; English evacuation of, 247; 267, 274, 275.

Hebert, Jacques Rene, 180.

Helvoetsluys, 127, 216, 267.

Henry, Prince, of Prussia, 207.

Hermann, General, 382.

Hervilly, Comte d', 261, 274.

Hesse-Cassel, compact with England, 123.

Hessian troops, landed in England, 188.

Hobhouse, Sir Benjamin, on the Finance Bill of 1797, 329.

Hoche, General Lazare, 162, 200, 261, 262, 277, 304, 308, 346.

Hohenlohe-Kirchberg, Prince of, 121.

Holcroft, Thomas, 167, 193,

Holwood House, sale of, 473.

Holland. See Dutch Republic.

Holland, Lord, 330, 413, 481 n., 519; opposes the Act of Union, 421.

Hondschoote, battle of, 140.

Hood, Alexander. See Bridport, Lord.

Hood, Samuel Lord, occupies Toulon, 134, 144, 145; his difficulties and quarrels, 150-160, 232, 267; occupies Corsica, 256, 257.

Hotham, Admiral (afterwards Lord), 232.

Horsley, Samuel, Bishop of Rochester, and afterwards of St. Asaph, 286, 497.

Houchard, General, 140.

Howe, Admiral Lord, his victory of the 1st of June, 192, 225, 269; quells the mutiny at Spithead, 310-314.

Hugues, Victor, Republican leader in the West Indies, 239, 240, 248.

Humbert, General, his expedition to Ireland, 362, 394, 395.

Hutchinson, John Hely, General (afterwards Earl of Donoughmore), at the "Castlebar Races," 362; in Egypt, 387.

Hythe military canal, 512.

Illuminati, the, 26.

Income Tax, graduated, suggested, 20, 22, 307; imposed by Pitt, 329, 370, 427, 450; abandoned by Addington, 480.

India, 387, 388, 460-464, 565.

India Bill, Pitt's (1784), 568.

Ireland, Parliament refuses franchise to Catholics, 77; grave situation in, 278, 321, 333, 336; Hoche's expedition to, 304, 308; English loan to, 308, 347; the Rebellion of 1798, 330, and see Chaps. XVI, XVIII; Earl Fitzwilliam's Viceroyalty, 339-342; Maynooth founded, 343; feuds and disturbances, 344, 345; Camden's policy of coercion, 345-348, 352, 355, 391; financial straits, 347; Franco-Irish plots, 349-351, 354; resignation of Abercromby, 354; progress of the Rebellion, 355-364; French invasions, 362-364, 394, 395; the Union, see Chaps. XVIII, XIX; policy of Cornwallis, 395, 396; corruption in Parliament, 402, 424, 425; debates on the Act of Union, 411-415, 425-428; continued danger from France, 420, 421, 425, 430; financial relations with England, 425, 427, 568; Act of Union passed, 428; pocket boroughs disfranchised, 428; Union honours, 428, 429.

Isherwood, Mr., 460.

Jackson, George, his "Diaries," 546.

Jackson, Mrs., 547.

Jackson, F. L., charge-d'affaires at Madrid, 92, 229; recalled, 230.

Jacobi, Baron, Prussian Ambassador in London, 212, 213.

Jacobins Club, the, in Paris, 25, 26, 42, 168, 169.

Jamaica, sends help to Hayti, 220, 223; coffee-planting in, 222; atrocities of Maroons in, 237, 238.

Jassy, Treaty of, 29, 52.

Jay, John, American envoy to London, 291.

Jean Francois, negro leader, 239.

Jebb, Richard, his pamphlet against Union, 406.

Jekyll, Joseph, M.P., on the new taxes (1797), 330.

Jemappes, battle of, 57, 69, 113, 114.

Jenkinson, Charles. See Liverpool, Earl of.

Jermagnan, Colonel de, 160.

Jervis, Sir John. See St. Vincent, Earl of.

Johnstone, General, 361.

Jones, Thomas, M.P., 426.

Jourdan, Marshal, 140, 141.

Joyce, Rev. Jeremiah, letter to Horne Tooke, 190; arrested, 190; discharged, 193.

Juelich, Duchy of, 46.

June 1st, 1794, battle of, 192, 225, 269.

Kaiserslautern, battle of, 208.

Kalkreuth, General, 543.

Kaunitz, Prince, Austrian Chancellor, 5-9, 45, 50, 53, 199, 218.

Keir, Dr., of Birmingham, 17.

Keith, Sir Robert Murray, Ambassador at Vienna, 42, 46; begs for recall, 50.

Kenmare, Lord, 393.

Kent, Duke of, 447, 448.

Kenyon, Lord, 331.

Kersaint, Captain, his speech against England, 102, 103, 106.

Killala, French landing at, 362, 363.

King, Lord, opposes the Act of Union, 421.

Kinglake, A. W., 490.

Korsakoff, General, 375, 378, 379.

Kosciusko, Thaddeus, 53, 206.

Kyd, Stewart, arrested, 190; discharged, 193.

Lageard, de, witty remark of, 276.

Laharpe, F. C. de, 369.

Lake, General, 348, 357, 361, 362.

Lally-Tollendal, Comte de, 43, 93.

Lambton, John, 23.

Landrecies, surrendered, 210.

Land Tax, 30, 31; Pitt's Commutation Act, 331-333, 568.

Langara, Admiral, 144, 146, 153, 154, 157, 159, 232.

Lansdowne, Marquis of, Gillray's cartoon of, 35; intimate with Talleyrand, 51, 77 n.; opposes Government policy, 87; opposes the Aliens Bill, 94; on the insult to the King, 283.

Larochejaquelein, Marquis de, 136.

Las Casas, Spanish Ambassador in London, 243.

Lascelles, Mr., M.P., 559.

Lauderdale, Earl of, 23, 179, 286; opposes the Aliens Bill, 94.

Laurence, Dr. French, 427.

Lebrun, P. M. Henri, French Foreign Minister, 58, 60, 69; account of his career, 59; his instructions to Dumouriez, 73, 74; and Maret, 79-81; negotiations with England, 84, 87, 89-91, 97, 104-108, 116; his report on the negotiations, 95, 96, 101, 113, 117.

Leeds, Duke of (Marquis of Carmarthen), 35 n.; suggested as First Lord of the Treasury in Coalition Ministry, 36-38; interview with the King, 37; opposes the taxes of 1797, 329.

Lees, John, 355, 395, 396, 406, 418.

Leopold II, correspondence with George III on intervention in France, 2, 3; signs the Declaration of Pilnitz, 5, 6; distrusted by Pitt and Grenville, 8; anxious to avoid war with France, 42; his death, 45.

Lescure, Marquis de, 136.

Letourneur, C. L. F. Honore, 323.

Lewins, Edward John, delegate of the United Irishmen in Paris, 346, 348.

Liancourt, Duc de, story of his flight, 63, 64.

Ligurian Republic. See Genoa.

Lille, 122, 123, 127, 129; peace negotiations at (1797), 247, 323-325.

Lincoln, Bishop of. See Tomline, George Pretyman.

Liverpool, Earl of (Charles Jenkinson), 39, 290, 322, 330, 406.

Liverpool, dock strike at, 62; press-gang at, 166, 167.

Livingston, Mr., American Envoy at Paris, 505, 506.

Lloyd, George, 169.

London, Preliminaries of, 468-470.

Long, Charles (afterwards Lord Farnborough), 415, 439, 465, 476, 557.

Longueville, Lord, letter to Pitt on the Union, 402, 403.

Lorraine, 46, 122, 142, 197, 199, 200.

Loughborough, Lord (Alexander Wedderburn), Lord Chancellor, 34, 35, 296, 297, 312, 331; his efforts to bring about a union between Pitt and the Old Whigs, 36-38, 39 n.; on the Scottish prosecutions, 179; interviews with Grattan, 340; on union with Ireland, 391, 399; opposes Catholic Emancipation, 431-437, 440, 443, 445; his record, 431, 432; dismissed and created Earl of Rosslyn, 451; the King's comment on his death, 451.

Louis XVI, the flight to Varennes, 1, 4, 10; accepts new constitution, 7; letter to George III, 49; his trial decreed, 74, 85, 96; English sympathy for, 86; proposed appeal from England for his life, 91, 92; stories of Spanish and other efforts on his behalf, 92-94; his execution, 108, 117; his responsibility for the Revolution, 560.

Louis, Dauphin (Louis XVII), 145, 146, 156; his death, 259.

Louis XVIII. See Provence, Comte de.

Louisa, Queen, of Prussia, 535, 536.

Loyal Associations, growth of, 86.

Loyalty Loan, 305, 306.

Lucchesini, Marquis di, Prussian Ambassador at Vienna, 203, 207.

Luneville, Treaty of, 470, 529.

Lyons, fall of, 147, 151.

Macartney, Earl, his embassy to Pekin, 32; Governor of the Cape, 254, 255.

MacBride, Admiral, 269 n.

McCullum, of Manchester, trial of, 185.

Macdonald, General, 376.

Macdonald, Sir Archibald, Attorney-General, 172.

Mack, General, 204; his plan of campaign (1794), 205; declines to serve under Coburg, 206; surrenders at Ulm, 534, 537.

Mackenzie, Sir Kenneth, 174.

Mackintosh, Sir James, his "Vindiciae Gallicae," 16, 23.

Macleod, General, M.P., 238.

McNevin, William James, delegate of the United Irishmen in Paris, 346, 348; arrested, 354, 394.

Macqueen of Braxfield, Lord Justice Clerk, his trial of Muir, 176, 178, 179; trial of Margarot and Gerrald, 183, 184.

MacRitchie, W., his "Diary of a Tour through Great Britain in 1795," 265.

Maestricht, the French demand a passage through, 82.

Mainz, siege of, 130, 134, 136, 138, 200.

Maitland, General, evacuates Hayti, 247, 248.

Mallet du Pan, 6, 135, 338, 370.

Malmesbury, Lord (Sir James Harris), furthers proposed union between Pitt and the Old Whigs, 36, 38; on the opening of the Scheldt, 75; his mission to Berlin, 200-202, 204; makes treaty with Prussia, 206-208; agreement with Hardenberg, 212; goes to Brunswick, 214, 215; his mission to Paris, 321; negotiations at Lille, 323-326; his statements controverted, 434, 445, 448, 465, 550 n.; urges Pitt to action, 481; mentioned, 90, 286, 497, 524 n., 537, 553, 559.

Malouet, Baron Pierre Victor, his "Memoires," 92, 93; envoy from Hayti to England, 131, 221, 222, 239, 247 n.

Malt, tax on, 30, 31, 450.

Malta, Pitt's policy with regard to, 255, 277 n., 327, 468-470, 478, 480, 565; the French in, 368, 369, 373, 387, 388; Craig's expedition to, 525, 526; Russian aims in, 526-527; its value to England, 539.

Manchester, Nonconformists in, 11; political clubs founded, 12, 13, 17; disorder in, 62.

"Manchester Constitutional Society," 12, 168, 169, 185.

Mann, Admiral, 243.

Mansfield, Lord, death of, 303.

Marengo, battle of, 386, 387.

Maret, Hugues Bernard (afterwards Duc de Bassano), in London, 79, 83, 94 n., 101; interviews with Pitt, 79-82, 84; his letter to Miles, 105-107; his alleged mission to London, 108-112, 117; ordered to leave, 112; on Chauvelin, 115 n.; one of the plenipotentiaries at Lille, 323.

Margarot, Maurice, 177, 181; his trial and transportation, 182-184.

Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples, 365, 368, 372, 376.

Maria Luisa, of Parma, Queen of Spain, 230, 231, 237.

Maria Theresa, 2nd wife of the Emperor Francis II, 199.

Marie Antoinette, the flight to Varennes, 1, 4, 10; her anger, 7; her schemes, 7, 49, 85; her execution, 141.

Maritime Code, British, opposed by the Baltic powers, 388.

Markoff, Russian minister, 122.

Maroons, their atrocities in Jamaica, 237, 238.

Marseilles, the Royalists in, 144-146.

Martello towers, 512, 513.

Martinique, failure of English attack on, 221; capture of, 225; to be ceded to France, 469.

Massena, Andre (Duc de Rivoli), 378, 386.

Maubeuge, siege of, 141.

Maulde, French envoy at The Hague, 76, 82, 83.

Maxwell, Colonel, 360.

Maxwell, Dr., of York, his order for daggers, 64, 65.

Maxwell, James, of York, 64, 65.

Maynooth College, founded, 343, 344.

Mealmaker, author of "An address to the People," 178.

Melas, Field-Marshal, 376.

Melvill, 324-326.

Melville, Lord. See Dundas, Henry.

Mercy d'Argenteau, Count, 4, 7, 8 n., 205.

Merry, Antony, Secretary of legation at Madrid, 242.

Merveldt, General Count, 205.

Middleton, Sir Charles. See Barham, Lord.

Miles, William Augustus, British agent at Paris, 59, 60, 79, 84, 85, 93, 94, 99, 105, 106, 109-111.

Militia, the, 509, 510.

Militia Acts, 279.

Milman, Dr., the King's physician, 506.

Mingay of Norfolk, 188.

Minto, Earl of (Sir Gilbert Elliot), his motion to repeal the Test Act in Scotland, 13, 14; on Fox's conduct, 90; commissioner at Dunkirk, 138-140; commissioner at Toulon, 154, 156, 162; Viceroy of Corsica, 244, 256-258; Ambassador at Vienna, 380, 383, 384; speech on the Union, 421.

Mirabeau, Count, 2, 11, 42, 171.

Miranda, General Francesco, 103, 106, 109; ordered to prepare for invasion of Holland, 107; defeated by Coburg, 126.

Missouri River, British mercantile ports on, 244.

Mitchell, Admiral, his successes against the Dutch, 381.

Mitford, Sir John (afterwards Lord Redesdale), made Speaker, 439; letter to Pitt, 485, 486.

Moira, Earl of, 137, 158, 165, 209, 262, 268, 355, 497.

Moellendorf, Marshal, 201, 207, 208, 212, 217.

Monge, Gaspard, French Minister for the Navy, 58; his circular letter, 101-103, 106.

Montrose, Duke of, President of the Board of Trade, 501.

Moore, John, Archbishop of Canterbury, 294, 302; and Catholic Emancipation, 434, 437; death of, 477.

Moore, Sir John, on Abercromby, 240; in the West Indies, 241; in Corsica, 257, 274; in Ireland, 361; and the Volunteers, 492, 493, 510, 512, 547.

More, Hannah, 335, 337.

Moreau, General, 276, 376.

"Morning Chronicle," the, 66, 178; in the pay of the French Embassy, 66 n.; prosecution of, 173.

"Morning Post," the, 66.

Mornington, Earl of. See Wellesley, Marquis.

Morris, Gouverneur, 96 n.; on the state of France in 1795, 259.

Moylan, Bishop, 417, 425 n.

Muir, Thomas, 174, 175; goes to Paris, 175; his trial and sentence, 176, 179, 180; at Sydney, 177; his death, 177.

Mulgrave, 1st Lord, 148.

Mulgrave, Henry, 2nd Lord (afterwards Earl of Mulgrave), Chancellor of the Duchy, 501, 514; Foreign Secretary, 517, 523, 527, 538, 542, 549, 550, 552, 556.

Munro, British charge-d'affaires in Paris, 64 n., 68.

Muenster, Treaty of (1648), 71, 76.

Murphy, Father John, his barbarities in Wexford, 360-362; hanged, 362.

Murphy, Father Michael, 360; killed, 361.

Murray, Sir James, envoy at Frankfurt, 108, 122 n., 126 n.; Chief of Staff to the Duke of York, 140, 220.

Nagel, Dutch envoy in London, appeals for help, 77.

Nantes, assault of, 136.

Naples, compact with England, 123, 143, 150, 267, 268; French conquest of, 372; Nelson's vengeance on, 376; makes peace with Bonaparte, 386; 468.

Napoleon Bonaparte, 119, 120, 570; his "Souper de Beaucaire," 146; at Toulon, 147, 148, 151, 159; his Italian campaign, 243, 257, 258, 276, 304, 308, 321, 365; his Eastern expedition, 244, 245, 255, 258, 276, 278, 328, 350, 356, 357, 363, 364, 430; disperses the royalist rising in Paris (1795), 263; peace of Campo Formio, 327; at Dunkirk, 349; First Consul, 383, 468-470, 478; proposes terms of peace to Austria and England, 383, 568; battle of Marengo, 386, 387; dupes the Czar, 388; renews peace negotiations, 468; his conquests (1802), 478; his behaviour to Whitworth, 485; declares war on England, 487; threatened invasion of England, 493, 510, 511; his position in 1804, 505; seizes Sir H. Rumbold, 515; again proposes terms of peace, 516; crowned King of Italy, 528; annexes Genoa, 528, 529; battle of Austerlitz, 544.

National Debt, the (1792), 31; (1801), 451.

National Defence, 278-281.

Navy, state of the (1793), 124; causes of discontent in, 310; mutinies at Spithead and the Nore, 310-320.

Needham, General, 361.

Neerwinden, battle of, 126, 127, 267.

Nelson, Lord, in Corsica, 256; on the position of Italy, 277; at Cape St. Vincent, 276, 309; battle of the Nile, 367-369; at Naples, 372, 376; battle of Copenhagen, 388, 450; interview with Pitt, 533; battle of Trafalgar, 534, 538, 565; death of, 521, 538.

Nepean, Sir Evan, on the Scottish prosecutions, 178; Pitt at his house, 459; Irish Secretary, 501, 519.

Netherlands, Austrian, ceded to France, 327.

Netherlands, Dutch. See Dutch Republic.

New Ross, fight at, 360, 361.

New South Wales, 565.

Nicholls, Mr., 330, 472.

Nicols, General, 241.

Nile, battle of the, 368, 369.

Noel, French agent in London, 60, 69, 82, 89 n., 93, 94, 96.

Nonconformists, position of, 10, 11; no longer support Pitt, 12; riots in Birmingham, 18.

Nootka Sound dispute, the, 92, 154, 197, 235; Convention, 232.

Nore, the, mutiny at, 314-320.

Norfolk, Duke of, his seditious speech, 333; and Arthur O'Connor, 350.

Norwich, Bishop of. See Sutton, Charles Manners, 477.

Norwich, Radical Clubs at, 168, 181, 186, 284.

Novossiltzoff, Count, his mission to London, 516, 522, 525; in Berlin, 528, 529.

O'Brien, Sir Edward, 408.

O'Coigly. See Quigley.

O'Connor, Arthur, 346, 350, 351, 394.

O'Drusse, 325, 326.

O'Finn, the brothers, 351.

O'Hara, General, at Toulon, 153, 154, 156; captured, 157.

Orange, Prince of. See William V.

Orange, Wilhelmina, Princess of, 250.

Orangemen, 344, 359; oppose the Union, 425.

Orde, Thomas (afterwards Lord Bolton), 39.

Orleans, Duke of (Philippe Egalite), 59, 79.

Otto, General, 208.

Oubril, Count d', 540, 541.

Pache, Jean Nicolas, French Minister of War, 83, 121.

Paine, Thomas, his "Rights of Man," 14-16, 19-23, 25, 26, 50, 167; intimate with Talleyrand, 51; elected as deputy for Calais, 61; circulation of his works, 167, 168, 175; prosecution of, 172; story of, 180.

Palmer, T. F., transported for sedition, 178, 179.

Paoli, Pascal, 150 n., 227, 256, 257.

Paris, deputation of British residents to the National Convention, 71; activity of Britons in, 175; royalist rising in, 263.

Parker, Vice-Admiral, 311.

Parker, Richard, and the Mutiny at the Nore, 314, 315.

Parker, Theresa, on the taxes of 1797, 329.

Parliament, movement for Reform, 11, 12, 21, 23-28, 164, 171, 180, 181; evolution of the Cabinet, 34; growing power of the Prime Minister, 34; election of 1796, 295.

Parnell, Sir John, Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer, 341, 401, 411.

Parsons, Sir L., 424.

Parthenopean Republic, the, 372.

Paterson, Chairman of the British Convention, 182.

Patriotic Contribution, the (1797), 330, 331.

Paul I, Czar, 258; his indignation with France, 365, 366, 368, 369; alliance with England, 373, 376; breaks with Austria, 379; joins England in the expedition against Holland, 380; duped by Bonaparte, 388; murdered, 388.

Pays Bas. See Belgic Provinces.

Peel, Robert (senior), and the Patriotic Contribution, 331; on the Union, 428.

Peep o' Day Boys, 344.

Pelham, Thomas (afterwards Earl of Chichester), Secretary to Earl Camden, 343; Irish Chief Secretary, 359 n., 399; on Pitt's pledge to the King, 448; Home Secretary, 483, 484; omitted from Pitt's ministry, 501.

Perceval, Spencer, 466; Attorney-General 501, 569.

Perth, sedition in, 77, 174.

Petion, Jerome, 58.

Petty, Lord Henry, 520.

Pichegru, General Charles, 162, 200, 215, 216, 377.

Pilnitz, Declaration of, 5, 6.

Pinckard, Dr., his account of the West India expedition, 226.

Pitt, Lady Ann, marries Lord Grenville, 37.

Pitt, Thomas, of Boccanoc. See Camelford, Lord.

Pitt, William, his neutrality towards the French Revolution, 3-5, 6, 8; first private meeting with Burke, 7, 8; distrusts Leopold II, 8; opposes Nonconformist claims, 10-12, 24; his opposition to Reform, 12, 23, 24, 26-28; his finance, 30-32, 265, 304-309, 328-333, 369-371, 427, 450, 451; sends Lord Macartney to China, 32; insists on dismissal of Thurlow, 34; rumour of his impending fall, 35; negotiates for union with the Old Whigs, 35-39, 270; made Warden of the Cinque Ports, 39, 89; interview with Canning, 39-41; his reception of Talleyrand, 43; discussion of his policy, 46-48; assertion of neutrality, 48, 50, 52, 61, 98; cautious Polish policy, 55; ignorant of events in France, 58; life at Holwood and Walmer, 68; foresees no danger, 69; his concern at the November decrees, 72-74, 76; his assurances to Holland, 74, 114; considers war unavoidable, 76, 77; interviews with Maret, 79-80, 84; support of his policy not unanimous, 89, 90; his firm attitude, 91; Godoy's story of, 92, 93; Lebrun's charges against, 95, 113, 117; stiff reply to Chauvelin, 98, 99; declaration of policy, 100; his anger with Miles, 106; difficulties of neutrality, 112-113; faults of his policy, 114-116; harsh treatment of Radical Clubs, 114-115; his view of the war, 118-120, 219, 220; his war policy (1793), 123, 129, 131, 132, 137, 139, 144, 145, 147; his care for the navy, 124, 266; ignorant of military affairs, 128; his optimism, 131, 144, 151, 152; demands removal of Coburg, 142; Mediterranean policy, 143, 258; his intentions at Toulon, 152, 154-156; effect of Toulon on his policy, 162, 163; his Traitorous Correspondence Bill, 164, 165; altered attitude to Reform, 164, 171, 180; policy of repression, 171, 183, 184, 190-194, 333; speech on the Scottish prosecutions, 179, 180; suspends the Habeas Corpus Act, 191; mistaken as to affairs in France, 196, 197; deprecates peace, 198; war policy in 1794, 202, 204-217; dilatoriness in ratifying Prussian Alliance, 208, 210, 269; remonstrance to Prussian Ambassador, 212, 270; insists on recall of the Duke of York, 215; policy in the West Indies, 220 et seq.; negotiations with Spain, 233; makes treaty with Russia and Austria, 235; speech on abolition of slavery, 238; inclines towards peace, 242, 243, 257, 276, 287; tries to avert war with Spain, 243, 244; policy at the Cape, 254, 255; attitude towards Corsica, 256-258; relations with the emigres, 259, 287; the Quiberon expedition, 259-262; policy as War Minister, see Chap. XII; changes in the Cabinet, 270-272; national defence policy, 278-281; agitation against him, 282-284, 288; caricatures of, 282, 301, 335 n., 337; his Sedition Bills, 285-287; action with regard to shortage of corn, 289, 290; institutes a Board of Agriculture, 293; treatment of the Enclosures question, 295-297; his Poor Bill (1797), 297, 298; his relations with Miss Eden, 300-303; his financial embarrassments, 302, 303, 473-477; issues a "Loyalty Loan," 305, 306; and the mutinies in the fleet, 312-320; compared with Chatham, 320; further efforts for peace, 321-326; hostility to his new taxes (1797), 329, 330; the "Patriotic Contribution," 330, 331; his Land Tax proposals, 331-333; his duel with Tierney, 334-336; verses in the "Anti-Jacobin," 337; Irish policy, see Chaps. XVI, XVIII, XIX, 566; sends a squadron to the Mediterranean, 366, 367; his Income Tax, 370, 427; his aims in Europe (1798), 371; his policy towards Switzerland, 375; the expedition to Holland, 379-383; rejects Bonaparte's offers of peace, 383-385, 473; on commercial union with Ireland, 389, 390; his first reference to the Union, 393; preparations for the Union, 396-410; speeches on the Act of Union, 413-415, 426, 427; his use of bribery in Ireland, 424, 429; his proposal for Catholic Emancipation, 431; opposition of the King, 433-439; breaks down in health, 435; his resignation, 439-446, 450; his promises to the Catholics, 441, 442, 446; gives a pledge to the King during his illness, 448, 449, 518; breach with Auckland, 452; personal characteristics, 454-459, 491; his neglect of literature and art, 456; his scholarship, 458; his friendship with Wellesley and Canning, 459-466; his creations of peers, 466-468; supports Addington and the peace proposals (1801), 468-472, 478; vote of thanks to him carried, 472; at Walmer, 471, 473, 474, 477; his interest in farming and gardening, 473, 474, 479, 491; his private expenses, 474; subscription for, 476, 477; relations with Addington, 473, 477, 478, 480-482, 503, 504; at Bath, 479; negotiations with Dundas, 483, 484; his terms for return to office, 485; speech on the war with France (1803), 487, 488; death of his mother, 488; organizes the East Kent Volunteers, 489-494, 511, 512; Lady Hester Stanhope at Walmer, 490-493; refuses to join Grenville, 495, 496; agrees to accept office, 497; attack on Addington, 499; forms a ministry, 500-502; and the Slave Trade, 502, 503; difficulties of his position, 503, 504; declines Livingston's peace proposals, 505, 506; remonstrates with the Princess of Wales, 508; his measures for strengthening the army, 509, 511; constructs the Hythe Military Canal, 512; seizes Spanish treasure-ships, 514; on the restoration of the French monarchy, 515; rejects Napoleon's overtures, 516, 566; forms a junction with Addington, 517; opposes Fox's motion for Catholic Emancipation, 518, 519; on the impeachment of Lord Melville, 519-521; his foreign policy (1805), 523-525; negotiations with Russia, 525-529; final parting with Addington, 530; fails to form a national administration, 530; multiplicity of his cares, 530, 531; interview with Nelson, 533; receives the news of Ulm, 537, 538; his speech at the Lord Mayor's banquet (1805), 538; his magnanimous offers to Prussia, 538, 539; his foresight in South Africa, 539; rejects Prussia's demand for Hanover, 541, 542; correspondence with Harrowby, 541-547; goes back to Bath, 547; story of his reception of the news of Austerlitz, 548, 549; returns home, 553, 554; last days and death, 554-558; opposition to his burial in the Abbey, 559; summary of his career and character, 560-570.

Place, Francis, 283, 284, 286, 349, 350.

Pleville, Admiral, 323.

Plunket, William C. (afterwards Baron), 399, 404, 411.

Plymouth, fortification of, 124.

Pocket Boroughs, in Ireland, disfranchised, 428.

Poland, new Constitution in, 7, 52; Russian designs on, 9, 46, 52; scheme of partition of, 53, 129; Russian invasion of, 53-56; Prussian invasion of, 122; rising in, 206; third Partition of, 218.

Polastron, Mme., 263.

Pondicherry, 198.

Ponsonby, George, 521, 559.

Ponsonby, George, and William (afterwards Baron), Fitzwilliam's overtures to, 339-342; 402.

Poor Bill, Pitt's (1797), withdrawn, 298, 568.

Portland, Duke of, proposed coalitions with Pitt, 35-38, 191, 208, 270; Canning and, 39; refuses to break with Fox, 89, 90; Home Secretary, 191, 244-247, 257, 258, 271, 285, 316, 322, 339, 341, 342, 359, 398, 404, 407, 421, 440, 446, 483; censures Abercromby, 353, 354; his letters to Shelburne on the Irish settlement of 1782, 422; Lord President, 501.

Porto Rico, failure of attack on, 246.

Portsmouth, fortification of, 124.

Portugal, Spanish designs on, 233, 234, 244; loan to, 309; defended by England, 386, 387, 468, 469; pays an annual subsidy to France, 513.

Potsdam, Treaty of (1805), 539, 540.

Press-gang, the, 166.

Pretyman, Dr. See Tomline, Bishop.

Price, Dr., his sermon in the Old Jewry, 12 n.; his death, 17.

Priestley, Dr., 10, 12, 16 n.; his sermon on the death of Dr. Price, 17; his chapel and house wrecked, 18.

Pringle, Admiral, his opinion of Cape Town, 254.

Prosperous, affair at, 357, 358.

Protestants, the, in Ireland, 394, 396, 397, 400, 430; their hostility to the Union, 408, 417, 423.

Provence, Comte de (afterwards Louis XVIII), 2, 129, 259; refused permission to go to Toulon, 155; at the Russian headquarters, 377.

Prussia, alliance with Austria, 5; renounces alliance with Turkey, 5 n.; declares war against France, 52; her betrayal of Poland, 52, 53, 129; invades Poland, 122, 123; compact with England (1793), 123; her disputes with Austria, 200-202; state of her finances, 201; English proposals to, 202, 203; treaty with England (1794), 207, 269; her breach of faith, 212; treaty with France (1795), 217, 218, 233; attitude of, in 1799, 374, 380; her conduct with regard to Hanover, 535-537, 540, 541, 552, 553, 556, 560. See Frederick William II and Frederick William III.

Puisaye, Comte de, Breton leader, 260-263, 274.

Pulteney, Sir James, failure of his attack on Ferrol, 386.

Pulteney, Sir William, 174; opposes the taxes of 1797, 329.

Putney, Bowling Green House, 554-557.

Quesnoy, siege of, 138, 141; surrendered, 210.

Quiberon Expedition, the, 227, 239, 259-262, 274; failure of landing at (1800), 385.

Quigley (O'Coigly), hanged for treason, 350, 354.

Radical, use of the term, 1 n., 10, 23.

Rastatt, Congress of, 365, 374.

Redesdale, Lord. See Mitford, Sir John.

Reeves, John, founder of the "Anti-Levelling Society," 68.

Reform, influence of the French Revolution on, in England, 11; Flood's motion for, 11, 12; Hardy's efforts for, 21; Pitt's opposition to, 23-28, 164, 171, 180; change of aims, 171, 180.

Regency, threatened, 497.

Reichenbach, Conference of, 3; Convention of, 48.

Reinhard, 108, 346.

Reuss, Prince, Austrian envoy at Berlin, 43.

Rewbell, Jean Francois, 325.

Reynolds, Dr., 554.

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, Pitt's neglect of, 456.

Richmond, Duke of, his charge against Paine, 50; Master-General of the Ordnance, 124, 130, 131; his incompetence, 137, 140; his Reform plan, 168, 179, 192; resigns, 273.

Richter, arrested, 190.

Rivoli, battle of, 308.

Robespierre, Francois Maximilien Joseph Isidore, 42, 116, 180; his fall, 192, 212.

Rochester, Bishop of. See Horsley, Samuel.

Roer, River, 126, 213.

Roland, J. Marie, French Minister of Home Affairs, 45, 58, 167.

Roland, Mme., 59, 86.

Rolle, Baron, French royalist agent, 5.

Rom, General, goes to San Domingo, 241.

Romilly, Sir Samuel, 61, 487 n., 488, 569.

Romney, Lord, 331.

Romney, George, 167.

Rose, George, Secretary to the Treasury, 6, 38, 119 n., 395, 448, 450; resigns, 451, 465; 473, 475, 476, 479-482, 496, 530, 554; Paymaster of the Forces, 501, 517.

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 72, 114, 197.

Roussillon, Spanish campaign in, 197.

Rowan, Hamilton, 180, 402.

Rumbold, Sir Horace, Ambassador at Hamburg, seized by Napoleon, 515.

Russell, Lord William, 294, 422.

Russia, her designs on Poland, 9, 46, 122, 123, 129; peace with Turkey, 29, 52; treaties with England, 123, 235, 373, 376, 529; successes in Italy, 376; failure of campaign in Switzerland, 378, 379; Dutch campaign, 379-383; rupture with England, 388; understanding with England, 508, 515; compact with Austria (1804), 516; treaty of Potsdam, 539. See Catharine II, Paul I, and Alexander I.

Rutland, Duke of, 456.

Ryan, James, 442, 518, 519.

Ryder, Dudley. See Harrowby, Earl of.

St. Andre, Andre Jeanbon, 167.

St. Asaph, Bishop of. See Horsley, Samuel.

St. Helen's, Lord, Ambassador at Madrid, 150, 154, 156, 228, 230.

St. Januarius, 372.

St. John, Lord, 246.

St. John, Order of, 368, 369, 373, 468, 527.

St. Lucia, 225, 237, 240, 241.

St. Vincent, Sir John Jervis, Earl of, expedition to the West Indies, 137, 225, 243; battle of St. Vincent, 244, 277, 309, 310, 336; in the Mediterranean, 366, 367, 420; First Lord of the Admiralty, 483, 495, 498, 501.

St. Vincent, revolt in, 239; relief of, 241.

St. Vincent, Cape, battle of, 244, 277, 309, 310.

Saldanha Bay, defeat of the Dutch in, 254.

San Domingo, 220, 223 n., 225, 233, 235; ceded to France, 236, 237, 241, 275, 321. See also Hayti.

Santerre, Claude, 58.

"Sant' Iago," the, seizure of, 232, 233.

Sardinia, compact with England, 123, 143, 147, 150, 151, 267, 268; growth of Jacobinism in, 197; independence of, stipulated by Pitt, 371.

Saumur, capture of, 136.

Saurin, Capt. William, 404, 405 n.

Savoy, annexed by France, 68, 72, 113, 276.

Saxony, Elector of, King-elect of Poland, 54.

Scheldt, the, opening of, 47, 71, 72, 75, 79, 80, 82, 84, 86, 91, 97, 105, 114, 117, 119; French gunboats in, 76, 107.

Schoenbrunn, Convention of, 553.

Scotland, waking of political life in, 13, 22, 173; failure of motion to repeal the Test Act in, 13, 14; Radical movement in, 77, 173 et seq.

Scott, Sir John. See Eldon, Lord.

Scully, Denys, 442, 518, 519.

Sebastiani, Colonel, 483.

Secrecy, Parliamentary committee of, 167, 191, 316, 351.

"Secret Committee of England," the, 349.

Seditious Meetings Bill, 285-287.

Seditious writings, proclamation against, 24, 25, 50.

Segur, Comte de, his mission to Berlin, 42-44.

September Massacres, the, 57, 59-62.

Seringapatam, capture of, 461, 462.

Servan, Joseph, 58.

Shannon, Lord, 341, 393, 402.

Sheares, Henry and John, United Irishmen, 354; arrested, 355, 356.

Sheffield, disorder in, 62; victory of Jermappes celebrated in, 70; riots at, 166; arrests at, 185, 186; mass meeting at, 189, 193.

Sheffield Association, the, 21, 22, 25, 181.

Sheffield, Earl of, on French emissaries, 69, 70; on the Corn Trade, 290; on Pitt's redemption of Land Tax, 290, 332; on Irish affairs, 395, 404, 421.

Shepherd, John, of Faversham, his report on shortage of corn, 289.

Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, his breach with Canning, 39, 41; warns Chauvelin of Whig patriotism, 87; suggests an appeal to France to spare Louis, 91, 92, 94 n.; on the massacre of royalists at Quiberon, 262; and the mutinies in the fleet, 312, 313, 316, 318; on the new taxes (1797), 329; and Arthur O'Connor, 350; opposes the Act of Union, 412, 413, 421, 422, 427; on Pitt's speech on the war (1803), 488; on the danger of a standing army, 510; as an orator, compared with Pitt, 567; mentioned, 23, 24, 165, 179, 188, 191, 238, 241, 286, 290, 293, 309, 352 n., 383, 497, 498, 517, 518.

Sicily, policy of defence of, 525, 526.

Sidmouth, Viscount. See Addington, Henry.

Sieyes, Abbe, 233.

Silesia, rising of the weavers in, 201.

Simcoe, Major-General, Governor of Hayti, 245, 246.

Sinclair, Charles, delegate to the British Convention, 181, 182; turns informer, 182.

Sinclair, Sir John, President of the Board of Agriculture, 293-295; loses his seat, 295; his correspondence with Pitt, 296; his General Enclosure Bill, 297; his financial suggestions, 305, 308 n., 309, 332; withdraws amendment hostile to Pitt, 328; on Spencer Perceval, 466.

Sinking Fund, the, 31, 32, 568.

Sistova, Congress of, 3.

Skirving, William, 177; his trial and transportation, 182-184.

Slavery question, in the West Indies, 238, 239.

Slave Trade, Wilberforce's proposals for abolition of, defeated, 502-503; abolished in Guiana, 503.

Sluysken, Governor of the Cape, 251-253.

Smith, Adam, his "Wealth of Nations," 30, 567.

Smith, James, 175.

Smith, Joseph, Pitt's private secretary, 475, 476, 557.

Smith, Captain (afterwards Sir Sidney), at Toulon, 160.

Smith, General, M.P., 68; opposes erection of barracks, 169, 170.

Smith, William, M.P., 79, 457.

Smugglers, their intercourse with France, 165.

Snettisham, result of enclosures at, 292.

"Soldiers' Friend," the, 169.

Sombreuil, de, surrenders at Quiberon, 262.

Somerset, Lord Charles, Paymaster of the Forces, 501.

Somerville, Lord, President of the Board of Agriculture, 296.

Sorel, Albert, mis-statements by, refuted, 277 n.

Soult, Marshal, 379, 505, 508.

Spain, compact with England, 123; her co-operation at Toulon, 144, 145, 150, 151, 153, 160; disputes with the English, 153, 154, 156, 157, 197; her action in Hayti, 224, 227-229, 239, 241, 245; state of under Charles IV, 230, 231; hostility to England, 232, 233; peace with France, 236, 237, 244, 257; declares war against England, 241, 244, 275 (1804), 513, 514; Pitt and, 524, 560.

Spanish treasure-ships, seizure of, 514.

Spencer, Rev. Dr., of Birmingham, 18, 186.

Spencer, Earl, special envoy to Vienna, 211; First Lord of the Admiralty, 273, 341, 342, 366, 367, 421, 436; and the mutinies in the fleet, 311, 312, 314, 316; opposes negotiations for peace, 322; resigns, 440, 500.

Spitalfields weavers, their grievances, 166.

Spithead, mutiny at, 310-314.

Stadion, Johann Philipp Karl Joseph, Austrian Ambassador in London, 84.

Stael, Mme. de, at Juniper Hall, 64.

Stahremberg, Count, 205; Austrian Ambassador in London, 366.

Stanhope, Earl, 87, 179, 188, 490, 502.

Stanhope, Lady Hester, on Pitt and women, 299, 300, 303, 454, 455, 477, 531; at Walmer, 490-495; at Putney, 549, 554; her parting with Pitt, 557.

Stanhope, Lord Charles, 491.

Stanhope, Lord James, 557, 558.

Stanislaus, King, of Poland, 54.

"Star," the, 66.

Steele, Robert, Secretary to the Treasury, 412, 451, 454, 476, 557.

Stein, Baron vom, 392, 535, 560.

Stockport, "Friends of Universal Peace" at, 65.

Stofflet, Nicolas, 136.

Stralsund, Russians and Swedes at, 539.

Stratton, Mr., British charge d'affaires at Vienna, 75.

Stuart, General Sir Charles, in Corsica, 256, 257.

Sutton, Charles Manners, Bishop of Norwich, made Archbishop of Canterbury, 477.

Sweden, refuses to aid the expedition to Holland, 380; convention with England (1804), 516.

Swellendam, settlement of, 252.

Switzerland, 371; importance of her position, 374; Pitt's policy with regard to, 375, 377; failure of campaign in, 378, 379.

"Sun," the, 67.

Suvoroff, Prince, 376, 378, 379.

Sydney, Muir at, 177.

Tainville, French envoy at The Hague, 82.

Talleyrand, Perigord Charles Maurice de, 11; his mission to London, 41-44; second mission, 47-51; intimacy with the Opposition, 51; again in London, 60; at Juniper Hall, 64; his "Memoire" on a Franco-British understanding, 83; doubts of his loyalty, 83; expelled from England, 103; and the peace negotiations, 325, 326.

Tallien, Jean Lambert, 262.

Talon, M., 93, 94.

Tara Hill, fight at, 357.

Targowicz, Confederation of, 53.

Tarleton, Mr., Mayor of Liverpool, 167.

Tate, Colonel, 309.

Teschen, Treaty of (1779), 365.

Test Act, the, efforts to repeal, 10, 11; in Scotland, 13, 14.

Thanet, Lord, opposes the Act of Union, 421.

Thatched House Tavern, 25.

Thelwall, John, 167, 184, 285; his trial, 193; letter to Hardy, 352 n.

Thornton, Edward, British envoy at Hamburg, 549.

Thornton, Henry, opposes the taxes of 1797, 329.

Thugut, Baron Franz von, Austrian diplomatic agent at Brussels, 46; Chancellor, 129, 143, 148, 153 n., 197 n., 203, 204, 206, 209, 211, 212, 366, 372, 373, 378, 380, 383, 560; his character and aims, 199, 200.

Thurlow, Lord, Lord Chancellor, his character, 33; dismissed, 34, 35; hostile to France, 44; on Lord Loughborough's death, 451, 452.

Tierney, George, 316, 328, 352 n., 385, 427, 520; his duel with Pitt, 334-336; satirized by Canning, 337; Treasurer of the Navy, 498; refuses to serve under Pitt, 501.

"Times," the, 67.

Tippoo Sahib, 44, 250, 336, 461.

Titchfield, Marquis of, 559.

Tobago, 49; captured by Great Britain, 198, 221.

Tomline, George Pretyman, Bishop of Lincoln, 300, 456 n., 473, 475-477, 495, 496; on Pitt's resignation, 442-444, 450, 480; on the King's illness, 447, 448; at Putney, 554-557.

Tone, Wolfe, 78, 177, 340, 344; goes to Paris, 345, 346; his capture and death, 363.

Tooke, Horne, intimate with Talleyrand, 51, 167; his speech, 190; arrested, 190; acquitted, 192, 193.

Tortuga, island of, 246.

Toulon, see Chap. VI; occupied by Hood, 134, 145, 267; British aims at, 154-156; evacuated, 160; destruction of French navy at, 160, 161, 198; Napoleon's preparations at, 336, 349.

Toussaint l'Ouverture, 221, 224, 239, 241, 247, 248.

Trafalgar, battle of, 521, 533, 534.

Traitorous Correspondence Bill, 164, 165.

Treasonable Practices Bill, 285-287.

Trevor, J. H. (afterwards Viscount Hampden), British Minister at Turin, 153 n.

Trincomalee, capture of, 254.

Trinidad, capture of, 246, 248; valued highly by Pitt, 323, 325, 468-470.

Trotter, Deputy-Treasurer of the Navy, 519, 521.

Troy, Archbishop, 412, 417, 425 n.

"True Briton," the, 67.

Turcoing, battle of, 208, 270.

Turin, captured by the allies, 376; 470.

Turkey, makes peace with Russia, 29, 52.

Tuscany, attitude of, 150 n.

Twiss, Colonel, 513.

Ulm, battle of, 524, 534, 536, 537, 556.

Union, the, with Ireland, see Chs. XVIII, XIX; 568.

Unitarians, Pitt opposes removal of disabilities of, 24.

United Britons, 349.

United Constitutional Societies, meeting at Norwich (1792), 26.

United Englishmen, 349, 350.

United Irishmen, Society of, 78, 174, 175, 316, 327, 340, 344; turn to France, 345, 346, 349, 351, 357, 391.

United Provinces. See Dutch Republic.

United Scotsmen, 349.

United States, treaty with England (1794), 291.

Utrecht, Treaty of (1713), 48, 72.

Valdez, Don, Spanish Minister of Marine, 232.

Valenciennes, 122, 123, 127, 129; siege and fall of, 133, 134, 136; surrendered, 210, 212, 460, 461.

Valmy, battle of, 56, 57, 61, 66, 114, 200.

Vancouver, Captain, 92; ill-treated in California, 232.

Vandamme, General, 382.

Varennes, the flight to, 1, 2, 4; receipt of the news in London, 10.

Vauban, Count, 262, 263.

Vendee, la, insurrection in, 135, 136; expedition to, 237, 240, 262, 263.

Venice, suggested partition of, 129 n., 200.

Vereker, Colonel, 395.

Victor Amadeus, King of Sardinia, 231.

Victor Emmanuel I, King of Sardinia, 522, 523, 539.

Villeneuve, Admiral, 532, 533.

Villiers, George, 506, 507.

Vinegar Hill, fight at, 360, 361.

Volunteer Bill (1804), 497, 498.

Volunteers, the, 124, 188, 278, 279, 337, 363; Pitt's encouragement of, 474, 477, 488-494.

Volunteers, the Ulster, 78.

Vorontzoff, Count, Russian Ambassador in London, 9, 99, 123, 315, 478, 487 n., 527, 529, 541, 543, 550, 563.

Walcheren, Isle of, 547.

Wales, George, Prince of (afterwards George IV), his first speech at Westminster, 51; and the Princess Caroline, 214; and the King's illness, 448, 449, 497; interviews with Pitt, 449; Lord Mornington and, 460, 461; his relations with the King, 507, 508; and with the Princess, 508.

Wales, Princess of, her extravagant conduct, 508.

Walker, Thomas, his "Review of Political Events in Manchester," 11; founds the Manchester Constitutional Society, 11, 12, 17; prosecution of, 185.

Walpole, General, acts as Tierney's second, 335.

Walpole, Horace, and the French refugees, 64.

Walter, John, of "The Times," 67.

Ward, Robert Plumer, Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 550; Pitt's care for, 557.

Wardle, Colonel, 520.

Warren, Admiral Sir John, 262, 363, 532 n.; Ambassador at St. Petersburg, 508.

Washington, George, 291.

Watson, Dr., Bishop of Llandaff, his speech on the Union, 421.

Watt, convicted at Edinburgh, 192, 193.

Wattignies, battle of, 141, 200.

Weishaupt, Adam, 26.

Wellesley, Marquis (Earl of Mornington), 68, 313 n.; on Pitt's duel with Tierney, 336; his friendship with Pitt, 459-464, 554, 556, 566.

Wellesley, Sir Arthur (afterwards Duke of Wellington), in Flanders, 209, 210; battle of Assaye, 463, 505; anecdote of Pitt told by, refuted, 524; meeting with Nelson, 533; Pitt's last words on, 556.

West Indies, see Chaps. IX, X; British designs on, 129, 137, 155, 156, 268, 275; risings of negroes, 220, 237, 238; slavery in, 238, 239; incomes derived from, 370.

Westminster programme of 1780, 168, 171.

Westmorland, Earl of, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 35, 73, 78, 151 n., 152 n., 282, 389, 402; Master of the Horse, 339; Lord Privy Seal, 440, 446, 501.

Wheat, shortage of (1795-6), 288-291; regulation of export and import of, 289.

Whitbread, Samuel, 18, 19, 23, 89, 291, 294; moves a vote of censure on Pitt, 312, 313; his attack on Lord Melville, 518, 519.

Whitworth, Lord, Ambassador at St. Petersburg, 99, 100, 115, 122, 369, 373; ambassador in Paris, 485, 505.

Whyte, Major-General, in the West Indies, 225, 241.

Wickham, William, envoy in Switzerland, 276, 377.

Wigan, strike of colliers at, 62.

Wigglesworth, Colonel, Commissary-General in Hayti, 245.

Wilberforce, William, opposes Flood's motion for reform, 12; his relations with Pitt, 299, 457, 458, 503; and "wicked" Williams, 318, 319; pained by Pitt's duel with Tierney, 335, 336; on the Catholic question, 417, 428; and the Slave Trade, 502, 503; and the impeachment of Melville, 520; on Lord Harrowby, 538; mentioned, 119, 238, 248, 276, 286, 420, 476, 566.

Wilkinson, James, of Sheffield, 186.

William V, Prince of Orange, 47, 74, 77 n., 107, 205, 216, 250, 383; his letter to the Governor of the Cape, 250-252.

Williams, "wicked," stirs up disaffection in the army, 318, 319.

Williamson, Major-General, Governor of Jamaica, 223; Governor of Hayti, 239; recalled, 239.

Willis, Dr. (jun.), 447, 448.

Wilson, Rev. Edward, 287.

Winchester, French prisoners at, 165; soldiers quartered at, 169.

Winchilsea, Lord, 412.

Windham, William, on reform, 11, 12, 24; on the war in la Vendee, 136, 137; on the erection of barracks, 170; Secretary at War, 192, 259-261, 271-273, 275, 341, 342, 379, 380, 436; opposes negotiations for peace, 322, 326; resigns, 440; opposed to peace (1801), 469, 470; on the Volunteers, 494; joins Fox and Grenville, 500, 502, 504, 510, 517, 557; opposes motion to bury Pitt in the Abbey, 559, 560; mentioned, 89, 188, 191, 498.

"World," the, 67.

Wurmser, General, 121, 142 n., 200, 243, 461.

Yarmouth, Lord, 142.

Yeu, expedition to, 263, 272, 273.

Yonge, Sir Charles, Secretary at War, 29, 128, 270.

York, Duke of, his marriage, 31; Commander-in-Chief in Flanders, 126, 127, 130, 133, 138-142, 147, 200, 201, 204, 208, 210, 213-215, 267, 269; effort to shelve him foiled, 205, 206; recalled, 215, 273; Commander-in-Chief, 273, 285, 310, 362-363, 382, 448, 507.

York, delegate to the British Convention, 181.

Yorke, Charles, Under-Secretary at War, 489, 498, 499, 509, 521, 547.

Yorke, Henry (alias Redhead), of Sheffield, 186, 189.

Young, Arthur, 291, 292; Secretary of the Board of Agriculture, 293; superintends draining works at Holwood, 296; on the new taxes (1797), 329.

Young, Admiral, 311.

Yriarte, Don Domingo d', signs the peace of Basle, 236.

Zurich, battle of, 378.

Zuype Canal, the, 382.



CHISWICK PRESS: PRINTED BY CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.

THE END