Boston, French frigate L'Embuscade challenged by, iii. 277.

"Boston Massacre," history of, i. 366-368; anniversary of, fixed upon for taking possession of Dorchester Heights, ii. 61; anniversaries of, observed in Boston (note), ii. 65.

Boston Neck, defence of, by Colonel Robinson, i. 513; fortifications erected on, by Howe, i. 745; fortifications on, demolished by order of Washington, ii. 81.

Botetourt, Lord, arrival of, in Virginia, in 1768—Junius's description of—remark of Walpole respecting—his erroneous impressions of the colonists, i. 351; palace of, at Williamsburg—parade of, on opening the Virginia assembly, i. 352; illusions of, rapidly dispelled, i. 353; Virginia assembly dissolved by, i. 354; good faith and justice of—statue erected to the memory of, i 356; death of, followed by a change of public sentiment in Virginia, i. 374.

Botta, Charles, eloquent remarks of, on the achievements of Washington in the Jerseys, ii. 394.

Boudinot, Elias, commissary general of prisoners, in the summer of 1777, ii. 412.

Bowdoin, James, characteristic letter of General Lee to, ii. 342.

Boyd, Colonel, defeated by Colonel Pickens, ii. 651.

Braddock, Edward, father of General Braddock—daughters of, i. 135.

Braddock, General, Walpole's description of, i. 135; heartlessness of—in the battle of Fontenoy—stationed at Gibraltar in 1753, i. 136; anecdote of Anne Bellamy, illustrating the character of—arrival of, in Hampton roads, i. 137; conference of, with Governor Dinwiddie at Williamsburg—first general orders of, issued from Alexandria—anxiety of, to procure the services of Washington, i. 138; invitation of, to Washington to become one of his family—Washington's reasons for joining, i. 139; meeting of, with the colonial governors, at Alexandria, i. 140; three distinct expeditions planned by, i. 141; letter of, to Lord Halifax, in relation to Pennsylvania and Maryland, i. 144; disappointments and difficulties of—appoints Washington his aid-de-camp, i. 146; irritation of, at the indifference of the colonies, i. 147; Franklin in the camp of, at Fredericktown—his extreme confidence of success—conversation of Franklin with, in relation to his expedition, i. 148; Franklin urged by, to procure wagons for the use of the army, i. 149; his commendation of Washington and Franklin, i. 150; war-dance of Indians in the camp of, at Will's Creek—effective force of, at Will's Creek, i. 151; names of men afterward distinguished, in the camp of, i. 152; delay at Will's Creek fatal to, i. 156; slow march of the army of, i. 157; advice of Washington to, to press forward rapidly, i. 158; illness of Washington on his march with—Washington left at the Youghiogany by the orders of, i. 159; continued fears of ambuscades in the army of, i. 160; son of Monacatoocha killed by grenadiers of, by mistake, i. 161; funeral honors paid by, to the son of Monacatoocha, i. 162; his fatal rejection of Indian aid—forces of, greatly exaggerated in the French camp, i. 163; location of the camp of, on the eve of his defeat, i. 165; details of the defeat of, i. 166-170; bravery displayed by, on the field of battle, i. 168; mortal wound received by, i. 169; death of, near Great Meadows, on the 14th of July, 1755—funeral service at the grave of, read by Washington—grave of, still to be seen (note), i. 171; depressing influence of the memory of the defeat of, i. 205.

Bradford, a leader in the Whiskey Insurrection, iii. 310; in favor of forming an independent western state, iii. 316.

Bradford, William, successor of Randolph as attorney-general, iii. 289; lines written by, on the sufferings of Lafayette, iii. 373.

Bradstreet, Colonel, expedition of, against Fort Frontenac—assistance lent to, by General Stanwix—joined by Red Head and his Indian warriors, i. 267; surrender of the fort to—malignant fever among the troops of, i. 268; Detroit relieved by, in 1764, i. 320.

Brand, bishop of Quebec, refusal of, to issue a mandement in the interest of the British government, i. 644.

Brandywine, movements of the American and British armies in the neighborhood of, ii. 501; battle of—Lafayette a volunteer in the battle of, ii. 505; Lafayette wounded at the battle of, ii. 506; skilful movement of General Greene at the battle of—retreat of the American army from, to Chester, ii. 507; opinion of General Knox in regard to the battle of—Sullivan censured for allowing himself to be surprised at—killed and wounded at the battle of—letter of Washington to Congress, in relation to the battle at, ii. 508; conspicuous bravery of Count Pulaski at the battle of, ii. 510.

Brant, Joseph, biographical notice of (note), ii. 106.

Brant, and Walter Butler, Cherry Valley desolated by, ii. 642.

Breadstuffs, neutral vessels carrying, seized by the cruisers of England and France in 1793, iii. 272.

Breakfast-hour of Washington, iii. 586.

Breck, Samuel, his reminiscences of Washington's visit to Boston in 1789 (note), iii. 130.

Breed's hill, fortified by Colonel Prescott, instead of Bunker's hill, i. 556; Neal's lines on the fortification of—fire opened upon, from ships-of-war, i. 557; excitement in Boston during the cannonade upon, i. 558: troops at, reinforced by Stark's regiment—New England flag hoisted at (note), i. 559; preparations for the attack upon, i. 560; suspicion of treachery among the defenders of—arrival of Doctor Warren and General Pomeroy at, i. 561; arrival of Colonel Stark at the rail-fence breastwork at—British plan of attack upon, i. 563; carnage among the British at, i. 564; second attack upon, under General Howe, i. 565; second retreat of the British from—numerous spectators of the battle on, i. 560; watched by Sir Henry Clinton from Copp's hill—failure of ammunition of Americans at, i. 567; rapid retreat of the Americans from, i. 569; terrible price paid by the British for their victory at—immense gain of the Americans by the battle of—British loss at, according to General Gage (note), i. 570.

Bridport, Lord, flags of the fleet of, at Torbay, lowered to half-mast, at the death of Washington, iii. 570.

Brienne, Marchioness de, ball in honor of Washington directed by, iii. 110.

Brier Creek, General Ashe surprised by Prevost at, ii. 651.

Brooke, Governor, letter of Washington to, in relation to education, iii. 333.

Brooklyn, defensive works prepared by General Greene at, ii. 171; appeal made by Washington to the troops at (note), ii. 203; Sullivan superseded in command at, by Putnam—disorderly conduct of the troops at, on the approach of the British, ii. 264; description of the defensive works in the neighborhood of—roads in the rear of—minute description of the defensive works near, where to be found (note), ii. 265; plan of the British march upon, ii. 266; Putnam's camp at, visited by Washington, ii. 267; American works at, taken possession of by the British, ii. 285.

Brougham, Lord, panegyric pronounced by, upon the character of Washington, iii. 581.

Broughton, Captain, the first naval commission granted to, by Washington, in 1795, i. 740.

Brown, Doctor, of Port Tobacco, Washington attended by, in his last illness, iii. 554.

Brown, Major John, sent by General Schuyler into Canada as confidential agent, i. 659; letter of, to Governor Trumbull, in relation to the invasion of Canada—report of, as to the defenceless condition of Canada, i. 660; unauthorized attempt made upon Montreal by, in concert with Ethan Allen, i. 672.

Brunswick, duke of, mercenaries furnished by, ii. 6.

Brunswick, one bed occupied by Franklin and Adams at, ii. 290; critical position of the American army at, ii. 346; disappointment of Cornwallis in not finding Washington at, ii. 392; headquarters of Sir William Howe at, ii. 443.

Brush, Crean, ordered by Howe to seize clothing in Boston, ii. 70.

Buchan, earl of, box of the oak that sheltered Wallace recommitted to, by the will of Washington, iii. 539.

Buffalo river, fort built on, by the French, in 1752, i. 74.

Buford, Colonel, massacre of a body of troops under, by Colonel Tarleton, ii. 676.

Bull, Governor, letters of the British government to, seized and sent to Congress, i. 500.

Bunker's hill, occupied by the British the night after the battle of Lexington, i. 510; fortification of, intrusted to Colonel Prescott, i. 556; intrenchments commenced on, by Putnam, i. 559; battle of, see Breed's hill; cruel treatment by General Gage, of prisoners taken at, i. 630; General Sir Henry Clinton placed in command of a redoubt on, i. 744.

Burgoyne, General, biographical notice of, i. 620; interview with General Lee proposed by, i. 630; intelligence of the movements of, in Canada, sent to Washington by Schuyler—doubts of Washington as to the force of, ii. 453; New York invaded by, ii. 459; composition of the army of—doubts of Schuyler as to the intentions of—Indians unwillingly employed by, ii. 460; faithlessness of the Indians employed by, ii. 481, 485; Crown Point taken possession of by, pompous proclamation issued by, ii. 461; proclamation of Washington in reply to, ii. 462; Mount Hope and Sugar-Loaf hill taken possession of, by, ii. 464; fate of, foretold by Washington—progress of, toward Fort Edward, ii. 480, 481; Indian allies of, troublesome—humanity of, ii. 481; large bounty offered by, for prisoners—humane instructions of, to his Indian allies (note), ii. 482; want of provisions in the army of, ii. 485; defeat of Baume at Bennington a disastrous blow to, ii. 487; perplexity and alarm of, after the battle of Bennington, ii. 521; silent march of, down the valley of the Hudson, ii. 522; retirement of, from Bemis's Heights—cheering news received by, from Sir Henry Clinton, ii. 526; anxiety of, to hear from Clinton, ii. 528; compelled to fight or fly, ii. 529; deplorable situation of, ii. 583; buildings of Schuyler at Saratoga burned by, ii. 535; arms laid down by the army of—army of, marched to Virginia as prisoners-of-war—reception of, and his officers, in the American camp, ii. 537: impression made upon, by the generosity of Schuyler—a guest at the house of Schuyler at Albany, ii. 538; importance of the surrender of, to the republican cause, ii. 539; effect in Congress and in Parliament of the news of the surrender of—speech of Chatham in relation to the surrender of—effect on the continent of Europe of the news of the surrender of, ii. 540.

Burke, Edmund, on the conduct of the British naval commanders, i. 322; eloquence of, in opposition to the stamp-act, i. 334; extract from a speech of, on American taxation (note), i. 342; conciliatory resolutions presented by, in Parliament, i. 498; despondent view taken by, of American affairs, ii. 396.

Burke's History of Virginia, terms of the association to exclude British merchandise printed in, i. 355.

Burr, Aaron, sent with a verbal message to Montgomery by Arnold, i. 694; with Arnold in his Quebec expedition, i. 697; forlorn hope placed under the command of, by Montgomery, i. 717; not with Montgomery when he fell (note), i. 719; troops of Putnam led out of New York by, ii. 296; a senator in the Congress of 1791—personal hostility of, to Washington, iii. 192; systematic opposition of, to Washington, iii. 300.

Butler, Colonel Zebulon, defence of Wyoming attempted by, ii. 641.

Butler, John, massacre at Wyoming by tories and Indians under the command of, ii. 641.

Butler, Walter, and Brant, Cherry Valley desolated by, ii. 642.

Buttrick, Major, attack made by, upon the British at Concord, i. 507.

Byron, Admiral, arrival of, at New York, as successor to Lord Howe, ii. 644.

Byron, Lord, lines of, in allusion to Washington's refusal of compensation, i. 538.

C.

Cabinet of Washington, dissentions in, in 1790, iii. 151.

Cadwalader, General, duel of, with Conway, ii. 590.

Caghnawaga tribe of Indians, efforts of Schuyler to conciliate, i. 665; mistake of Captain Baker respecting (note), i. 666.

Caldwell, Reverend James, murder of the wife of, at Connecticut Farms, ii. 677.

Callbeck, Mr., and others, made prisoners by Captains Broughton and Selman—letter of thanks addressed by, to Washington, i. 742.

Cambridge, departure of Washington from Philadelphia to take command of the army at, i. 541; confusion at, on the approach of the British to Breed's hill, i. 560; reflections on the mission of Washington, on his taking command of the army at, i. 573; journey of Washington, to, performed on horseback, i. 574; reception of Washington at—dwelling occupied by Washington at, i. 584; arrival of Gates and Sullivan in the camp at, i. 587; letters of Washington to Congress from the camp at, i. 587-595; declaration of Congress read to the troops in camp at, i. 617; arrival of southern riflemen at the camp at, i. 618; army at, arranged by Washington into three grand divisions—the headquarters of Washington at the siege of Boston—Putnam's division stationed at, i. 619; inactivity of the army at, i. 724; officers of the army at, consulted by Washington, as to an attack upon the British in Boston, i. 725; council of war held at, adverse to an attack—letter of Washington to Congress in relation to the state of the army at, i. 726; efforts of Washington to reorganize the army at, i. 747; deficiency of skilful engineers at, i. 749; artillery and stores conveyed to, from Lake Champlain, by Colonel Knox, i. 750; trials of Washington in the camp at, i. 752; difficulties attending the reorganization of the army at, i. 755; bad condition of arms and ammunition at, i. 760; intrenchments thrown up by the army at, i. 762; improved state of affairs at—letter of General Greene on the privations of the troops at (note), i. 763; fruit-trees in the neighborhood of, consumed as firewood (note), i. 764; Mrs. Washington in the camp at, i. 768; burning of the king's speech at, ii. 2; weakness of the army at, in January, 1776, ii. 13, 14; extraordinary difficulties of Washington while in command of the army at, ii. 44; councils of war held at, ii. 47, 52.

Camden, set on fire and abandoned by Lord Rawdon, ii. 719.

Campbell, Captain John, death of, in the battle at Moore's-Creek Bridge, ii. 118.

Campbell, Lieutenant-Colonel Archibald, and seven hundred men, made prisoners in Boston harbor, ii. 83; letter of, to Washington, complaining of his treatment as a prisoner, ii. 407.

Campbell, Lord, royal power abdicated by, in South Carolina, ii. 186; badly wounded in the attack upon Fort Sullivan, ii. 193.

Canada, conquest of, urged upon the British government by Franklin (note), ii. 144; surrender of, to the English, in 1760, i. 301; prediction of the duke de Choiseul in relation to the loss of, i. 302; people of, indisposed to revolution, i. 522; address of the second continental Congress to the people of—resolution of the second continental Congress not to invade, i. 531; loyalty of the people of, to the British crown, i. 642; address of Congress to, contrasted with its language to the people of England, i. 643; efforts of Sir Guy Carleton to secure the loyalty of the people of, i. 644; auspicious moment for the conquest of, i. 645; proposition to invade, made by Colonel Ethan Allen, i. 650; cautious proceedings of Congress in relation to the invasion of, i. 652; tardy gathering of the troops for—letter of Ethan Allen to Governor Trumbull in relation to the invasion of, i. 658; secret agents sent into, by General Schuyler, i. 659; delays in the invasion of, i. 660; address of General Schuyler to the inhabitants of, i. 665; defenceless condition of, i. 667; address of Arnold to the inhabitants of (note), i. 684; measures of Congress with regard to, ii. 93; exertions made for the relief of the troops in, ii. 94; General Lee named by Washington for command in, ii. 95; chief command of the troops in, given to Lee by Congress—change of plans of Congress with regard to, ii. 96; alienation of the people of, ii. 97; committee of civilians appointed by Congress to visit, ii. 98; abandonment of, considered necessary by Schuyler, ii. 103; total disaffection of the people of, toward the cause of the patriots, ii. 142; troops sent toward, under General Thompson, ii. 143; commissioners appointed to form a union with—instructions of the commissioners sent to, ii. 145; indisposition of the people of, to a union with the colonies, ii. 146; committee of Congress confer with Washington, Gates, and Mifflin, on affairs in, ii. 159; efforts of Congress to retain possession of, ii. 160; letter of Washington to Schuyler in relation to affairs in—deplorable condition of the American army in, ii. 161; defeat of General Thompson in, ii. 163; end of the invasion of, ii. 168; plan of Congress for the invasion of, abandoned by the advice of Washington, ii. 644; opposition of Washington to the French plan for the invasion of, ii. 647.

Canadians, battalion of, authorized by Congress to be raised, ii. 93.

Canes, gold-headed, left by Washington to various persons, iii. 539.

Capital, the federal, location of, determined in 1790, iii. 150; surveys and plans of buildings of, examined by Washington—location of, chosen by Washington, iii. 178; land surrendered for, by Georgetown and Carrollsburg, iii. 179.

Cardillac, incredulity of, as to the profitable navigation of the western rivers, i. 68.

Carleton, Sir Guy, at the head of Wolfe's grenadiers at Quebec, i. 293; efforts of, to secure the loyalty of the Canadians, i. 644; defeat of, by Colonel Seth Warner at Longueuil, i. 679; Montreal abandoned by, on the approach of Montgomery, i. 699; escape of, to Quebec, i. 700; opportune arrival of, at Quebec, i. 714; determination of, to defend Quebec, i. 715; his humane treatment of prisoners taken at the siege of Quebec, i. 721; reliance of, upon reinforcements from England for the defence of Quebec, ii. 99; pursuit of the Americans by, on their retreat from before Quebec—stores and prisoners taken by—great humanity of, toward the sick and prisoners, ii. 102; noble proclamation of, with regard to sick fugitives, ii. 103; not the policy of, to make prisoners (note), ii. 167; efforts of, to create a navy on Lake Champlain, ii. 333; Crown Point taken possession of by, on its abandonment by Arnold, ii. 336; army of reserve, under the command of, in Canada, ii. 459; successor of Sir Henry Clinton as British commander-in-chief, iii. 7; personal interview of Washington with, at Tappan, iii. 22.

Carlisle and Roberts, Quakers, hanged as spies, i. 462.

Carmagnole sung in the streets of New York in 1793, iii. 248.

Carmichael, Mr., charge d'affaires at Madrid in 1790, iii. 157.

Carpenters' Hall, in Philadelphia, first place of meeting of the continental Congress, i. 420.

Carroll, Charles, in the commission appointed to form a union with Canada, ii. 144; son of, a suitor for the hand of Nelly Custis, iii. 486.

Carroll, Reverend John, associated with the commission to form a union with Canada, ii. 145; return of, from Canada, in company with Franklin, ii. 146.

Carter, Charles, mention made of, in Washington's will, iii. 538.

Caswell, Colonel, in command of minute-men in the battle at Moore's-Creek Bridge—biographical notice of (note), ii. 117.

Catawba Indians, bad conduct of, in the expedition against Fort Duquesne in 1758 (note), i. 273.

Catholics, generally the friends of liberty during the Revolutionary struggle, i. 464.

Cedars, Colonel Bedell stationed at, with a body of New Hampshire troops, ii. 148.

Ceremonials, opinions of Adams, Jay, Hamilton, and Madison, sought by Washington in relation to, iii. 105.

Chamberlayne, Mr., Washington introduced to Martha Custis by, i. 277.

Chamblee, capture of the fort at, by a party under Colonel Bedell—arms and ammunition taken at, i. 677; flag of the seventh British regiment found in the fort at—letter of Montgomery to Robert Livingston, relating to the fort at (note), i. 678; retreat of Sullivan from, ii. 166.

Character of Washington, iii. 573.

Charleston, arms and ammunition in the magazines of, seized by the patriots, i. 521; activity of the patriots in, ii. 185; Admiral Parker's unsuccessful attack upon, ii. 188; saved by the dilatory movements of the British, ii. 189; siege of, by Sir Henry Clinton, ii. 671; bombardment of—surrender of, to the British—General Lincoln and his army made prisoners at—ill treatment by the British of the prisoners taken at, ii. 673; effect in the South of the fall of, ii. 674; evacuation of, by the British, iii. 12; reception of Washington at, on his southern tour in 1791, iii. 181.

Charlestown, set on fire by order of General Gage—description of the carcass used at (note), ii. 565.

Charlotte, General Greene at, ii. 699.

Chase, the, Washington's chief amusement before the Revolution, i. 309.

Chase, Samuel, in the commission appointed to form a union with Canada, ii. 144.

Chastellux, chevalier de, his description of hospitality as it was at Mount Vernon, i. 288; letter of Washington to, respecting his northern tour in 1783, iii. 27.

Chatham, earl of, Revolutionary measures deprecated by (note), i. 366; extract from a speech of, on the free spirit of the colonies, i. 371; on the infatuation of government in provoking resistance in the colonies, i. 412; language of, in commendation of the proceedings of the continental Congress, i. 448; his commendation of the state-papers of the first continental Congress, i. 450; correspondence of, with Lady Chatham, in relation to American affairs, i. 487; letter of, to Lord Stanhope, relative to American affairs—Franklin introduced into the house of lords by, i. 488; proposition made by, in the house of lords, that the troops should be removed from Boston—extraordinary speech of, in support of his proposition, i. 489; little influence of the speech of, within the house, i. 491; profound sensation caused out of doors by the speech of—remark of Franklin respecting the speech of—friends of, in the house of lords—plan of, for the settlement of troubles in America—Franklin consulted by, in the preparation of his plan of settlement (note), i. 492; hurried rejection of the plan of, in the house of lords—plan of, approved by Franklin, i. 493; confined to his house with the gout, ii. 7; last speech of, in Parliament, ii. 608. (See William Pitt.)

Chatham, Lady, unwillingness of, that Lord Pitt should bear arms against the colonists (note), i. 686.

Chaudiere, valley of the, reminiscences of the "good Bostonians" still preserved in, i. 696.

Cherokees, Colonel Montgomery sent against in 1760—subdued by Colonel Grant in 1761, i. 302.

Cherry Valley desolated by Butler and Brant, ii. 642.

Chesapeake bay, arrival of the British fleet in—movements of his army directed toward, by Washington, ii. 495; landing of Sir William Howe and his army at the head of, ii. 497; night of peril passed on, by Washington, on his southern tour, iii. 178.

Chester, retreat of the American army to, from the Brandywine, ii. 507.

Chew, Chief Justice, banishment of, to Fredericksburg, i. 461.

Chew's house, loss of the battle of Germantown owing to the delay at, ii. 554.

Childhood, frame of Washington precociously large in, i. 57.

Christ church, in Philadelphia, divine service attended at, by the second continental Congress, i. 609.

Christianity, Washington a sincere believer in, iii. 576.

Church, Doctor Benjamin, placed by Congress at the head of the army hospital, i. 612; convicted of treasonable correspondence (note), i. 613.

Church of England, Washington a communicant of, i. 336.

Cilley, Colonel, captured cannon turned upon the British by, at Bemis's Heights, ii. 531.

Cincinnati, Society of, instituted—deep interest felt by Washington in—Washington and Hamilton successive presidents of, iii. 23; address from the members of the, in Boston, iii. 131.

Citizen Genet, a privateer fitted out at Charleston by Genet—the arrest of American citizens on board, iii. 259; irritation of Genet at the arrests on, iii. 260.

City Tavern, Philadelphia, meeting at, of delegates to the first continental Congress, i. 454; convention to form the constitution adjourn to, iii. 73; Washington and suite entertained at, in 1789, iii. 86.

Clarke, Major George Rogers, operations of, in the West, ii. 652; biographical notice of, ii. 653.

Clergy, sides taken by the various denominations of, during the progress of the Revolution, i. 463.

Clinton, Colonel James, at Fort Constitution, ii. 219; bayonet-wound received by, ii. 545.

Clinton, General George, energy and activity of, in defence of New York, ii. 219; troops assembled by, at Fort Montgomery, ii. 220; at Fort Montgomery with New York militia, ii. 235; efforts of, to prevent the passing of the Rose and Phoenix, ii. 236; three thousand men under the command of, at Kingsbridge, ii. 241; silver bullet taken by, from a spy—silver bullet still in possession of the family of (note), ii. 547; letter of Washington to, communicating the news of the signing of the treaty of peace, iii. 21; northern tour of Washington in company with, in 1783, iii. 27; reception of Washington by, in New York, in 1789, iii. 89; a candidate for the vice-presidency in 1792, iii. 222.

Clinton, General Sir Henry, a volunteer at Breed's hill, i. 567; biographical notice of, i. 620; placed in command of a redoubt on Bunker's hill, i. 744; arrival of, in the harbor of New York—peaceful professions of, and departure, ii. 42; Robert Howe and Cornelius Harnett excepted from the proclamation of pardon by, ii. 185; proclamation offering pardon laughed at by the people of Charleston, ii. 190; night-march of, from Flatlands to the heights overlooking Bedford, ii. 269; capture of the fortresses in the Hudson Highlands by, ii. 542, 545; messenger of, bearing a silver bullet to Burgoyne, hanged as a spy, ii. 547; activity of, in New York—scheme of Washington for the abduction of, ii. 606; Washington dissuaded by Hamilton from attempting the abduction of, ii. 607; reduction of the force under the command of, ii. 617; evacuation of Philadelphia admirably managed by, ii. 617; slow march of, through New Jersey, ii. 619; emissaries of, to the Pennsylvania mutineers, hanged as spies, ii. 709.

Clothes of Washington, before the Revolution, obtained from London, i. 306.

Coach, fine one kept by Washington in 1789, iii. 113.

Cobble hill, intrenchments cast up on, by troops under Generals Putnam and Heath, i. 761.

Cochran, Captain, powder-receiver at Charleston (note), i. 521.

Cochran, Doctor John, letter of Washington to, on the style of living at West Point (note), ii. 660.

Coffin of Washington, inscriptions on, iii. 558.

Cohoes falls, retreat of Schuyler to, ii. 484.

Collier, Sir George, ravages by the squadron of, on Elizabeth river, ii. 653; assistance rendered by, to Sir Henry Clinton on the Hudson—ravages of, in Connecticut, ii. 654; destruction of an American flotilla by, in Penobscot bay, ii. 661.

Collins, Captain, powder belonging to the province of Virginia seized by, in 1775, i. 518.

Colonies, new era in the history of, i. 69; pay of troops raised in (note), i. 102; growth of democratic ideas in, i. 228; a viceroyalty suggested for, i. 229; little indebted to the mother-country, i. 315; cost of the French and Indian war to (note), i. 316; commercial policy of England toward, i. 321.

Colonists, French and English, characteristics of, i. 67, 68.

Commission as colonel resigned by Washington in 1754, i. 126; commission as commander-in-chief received by Washington, form of (note), i. 540; resignation of, by Washington, iii. 35.

"Common Sense," a pamphlet by Thomas Paine, powerful influence of, ii. 12; General Lee's opinion of it (note), ii. 41.

Concord, troops sent by General Gage to seize the stores at, i. 503; preparations made at, to resist the troops under Colonel Smith—militia assembled at, under Colonel Barrett, i. 506; British attacked by Major Buttrick at—stores at, partially secured, i. 507.

Confederation, old, discussions that led to the abandonment of, iii. 55; resolutions of the New York legislature in relation to, iii. 56.

Congregationalists opposed to the rule of Great Britain, i. 463.

Congress, general colonial, proposition for, by the Massachusetts assembly, i. 327; copy of the circular letter of Massachusetts, inviting (note), i. 330; meeting of, in New York—names of the delegates to (note), i. 331; proceedings of, applauded by the provincial assemblies, i. 332; recommended by Franklin, i. 390, 392.

Congress, continental, proposed by Virginia in 1774, i. 390; simultaneous proposition for, by Virginia and Massachusetts, i. 393; the first, importance of, to the best interests of mankind, i. 408; almost simultaneous declaration of the colonies in favor of, i. 409; names of the delegates to (note), i. 411: assembling of, at Philadelphia, in 1774, i. 413; journeys of the delegates to, like ovations—journey of Washington to, in company with Patrick Henry and Edmund Pendleton, i. 417; reception of the delegates to, in Philadelphia—honors paid to the delegates to, from Massachusetts, i. 419; account of the organization of, i. 420-422; Peyton Randolph chosen president of—Charles Thomson chosen secretary of, i. 421; noble character of the men composing, i. 422; opening speech of Patrick Henry in, i. 423; regulations adopted by, i. 425; Mr. Duche requested to read prayers in, i. 426; Washington the only delegate who knelt during prayer in, i. 429; names of the first committee appointed by—difficult points to be decided at, i. 430; resolves of the Suffolk county convention laid before, i. 432; resolution of, limiting its action to infringed rights—duration of the sessions of (note), i. 484; non-importation resolutions offered in, by R. H. Lee, i. 435; dangerous plan of union submitted to, by Joseph Galloway, i. 435, 437; non-exportation proposed and debated in, i. 430; great diversity of opinion in, among the delegates—loyal address to the king resolved on by—opposition of the Virginia delegates in, to non-exportation (note), i. 438; declaration of rights unanimously adopted by, i. 440; the American Association signed by every delegate present at, i. 441; the petition of Congress to the king, the last public act of, i. 446; profound sensation produced everywhere by the publication of the proceedings of, i. 447; sympathy with, expressed by Chatham in a letter to Stephen Sayre, i. 448; no record of the part Washington took in, i. 449; Washington the best informed man in, i. 450; state-papers of, i. 450, 485.

Congress, second continental, journey of Washington to, in company with Patrick Henry and Benjamin Harrison—organization of—secrecy of the proceedings of, i. 528; resolution of, respecting the spoils taken at Ticonderoga by Ethan Allen, i. 529; Washington appointed chairman of the committees of, on military affairs—"conciliatory resolutions" of Lord North laid before—vigorous preparations of, for the defence of the country—resolution of, to petition the king, i. 530; address of, to the inhabitants of Canada—day of fasting and prayer appointed by, i. 531; resolution of, to raise companies of riflemen, i. 532; John Adams's account of the deliberations of, as to the choice of a commander-in-chief, i. 533-535; instructions of, to Washington, as commander-in-chief (note), i. 540; major generals appointed by, i. 545-547; brigadier-generals appointed by, i. 548; measures of, in relation to the issue of paper money, i. 549; regulations of, for the army, i. 551; letters of Washington to, i. 578, 587-595, 726; loyalty to the king declared by, i. 600; declaration adopted by, setting forth the causes for armed resistance, i. 600; the idea of reparation from the mother-country repudiated by, i. 603, 607; letter of thanks of, to the lord-mayor and corporation of London, i. 603; petition to the king, written by John Dickinson, adopted by, i. 605; address to the people of Great Britain adopted by, i. 606; commissioners of Indian affairs appointed by—services at Christ church attended by, on the fast-day, i. 609; addresses of, to the assembly of Jamaica, and to the people of Ireland—"conciliatory resolution" of the house of commons taken into consideration by, i. 610; Franklin placed at the head of the post-office department by—army hospital established by, i. 612; adjournment of, i. 613; wise caution of, i. 614; "declaration" of, read to the troops in camp, i. 617; jealous of concentrated military power—deference of, to the opinions of Washington in military matters, i. 621; refusal of Washington to part with detachments for coast-defence, sanctioned by, i. 624; Colonels Allen and Warner introduced upon the floor of, i. 652; the Green Mountain Boys recommended by, for the invasion of Canada, i. 653; members of, in the camp at Cambridge, i. 681, 729; questions submitted by Washington to the committee of, sitting at Cambridge, i. 735; resolutions adopted by, for a reorganization of the army at Cambridge, i. 738; attention of, called to the necessity of organizing a naval force, i. 740; letters of Washington to i. 744, ii. 363; resolution of thanks of, to Washington, on the evacuation of Boston, ii. 78; medal in gold ordered by, ii. 79; action of, with regard to loyalists and tories, ii. 92; the attention of, drawn to affairs in Canada, ii. 93; committee appointed by, for the purpose of maintaining a European correspondence, ii. 124; Washington invited to the floor of—recommendations of Washington adopted by, ii. 159; "Board of War and Ordnance" appointed by, ii. 160; resolution of, in relation to the claims of Generals Schuyler and Gates, ii. 248; measures taken by, for a more permanent organization of the army, ii. 305; adjourned to Baltimore—almost unlimited powers granted by, to Putnam in Philadelphia, ii. 362; create Washington dictator for six months, ii. 364; of 1777 inferior to that of 1774-'5, ii. 431; increased powers granted to Washington by, after the battle of the Brandywine, ii. 509; letter of Hamilton to George Clinton on the degeneracy of, ii. 592; degeneracy of, lamented by Washington, ii. 648, 670; adjournment of, to Princeton, iii. 26; little confidence of the mass of the people in, iii. 53.

Congress, federal, scene in on the occasion of Washington's opening address, iii. 95, 590; executive departments established by, in 1789, iii. 118; Hamilton's report on finance made to, in writing, iii. 139; remarks of Washington upon that of 1790, iii. 161; messages of Washington to, iii. 171, 192, 378, 454; party spirit manifested in, iii. 199, 230; charges brought against Hamilton in, iii. 231; defensive measures urged upon, by Washington, iii. 284; language of Washington to, respecting Genet, iii. 285; debate in, as to the propriety of the consideration of any question with closed doors—the first committee of ways and means appointed in—act passed by, in 1794, for providing a naval armament—money-tribute to Algiers advocated in, iii. 294; debate in, respecting the treaty-making power—debate in, respecting a resolution offered by Edward Livingston, iii. 391; message of Washington to, on refusing to furnish papers relating to Jay's treaty (note), iii. 396; last annual message of Washington to, iii. 454; language of the two houses of, in reply to Washington's last annual message, iii. 457; special session of, convened by President Adams, in 1798—extract from the address of Adams to, iii 494; measures of, for national defence, in 1798, iii. 506; Washington present at the opening of, in 1798, iii. 525; resolutions of, on the occasion of the death of Washington, iii. 562, 564.

Congress, provincial, of Massachusetts, John Hancock president of—Benjamin Lincoln secretary of—address of, to General Gage, i. 468; explanations made to, by General Gage—preparations for armed resistance made by, i. 469; proceedings of, denounced by General Gage—minute-men enrolled by, i. 470.

Connecticut, opposed to Franklin's plan for the union of the colonies, i. 128; ill feeling toward General Schuyler among the troops from, (note), i. 705; minute-men summoned to supply the place of troops from, i. 759; Governor Trumbull and General Greene on the conduct of the troops of (note), i. 760; arrival in the camp at New York of a troop of light-horse from, ii. 231; refusal of the troop from, to do duty, ii. 232; bad conduct of troops from, at Kip's bay, ii. 295.

Connolly, Doctor John, the side of the crown taken by, ii. 20; imprisoned at Baltimore, ii. 21.

Constitutional Society of England, money sent by, by the hand of Franklin, for the sufferers at Lexington—John Horne Tooke, the philologist, a prominent member of (note), i. 737.

Constitution, federal, convention to form, iii. 56-73; names of the signers of (note), iii. 72; anecdote of Franklin in connection with the signing of, iii. 73; submitted by Congress to the state legislatures, iii. 74; Henry, Mason, and Lee, adverse to, iii. 77; when ratified by the several states (note), iii. 78; backwardness of some of the states in ratifying, iii. 98; subject of the amendment of, before Congress, in 1789, iii. 119; adopted by Rhode Island in 1790, iii. 162; considered by Hamilton inadequate to its functions, iii. 187.

Contemplations, Moral and Divine, extracts from, i. 30-34.

Continental army, condition and discipline of—dress and accoutrements of (note), i. 553; position and numbers of, when adopted by Congress, i. 554; command of, formally taken by Washington, i. 586; letters of Washington to Congress respecting the condition and position of, i. 587-595; first general order issued by Washington to (note), i. 588; hunting-shirts recommended by Washington for the use of, i. 592; dissatisfaction produced in, by several appointments of general officers—returns of, presented by General Gates (note), i. 593; deficiency in the numbers, discipline, and stores of, i. 594; details respecting its condition, by a chaplain, i. 595; great deficiency in its supply of ammunition, i. 596, 625; disposition of, by Washington, at the siege of Boston, i. 619; want of powder in, i. 625; trouble caused in, by sectional jealousies—petty conspiracies among the subordinate officers of, i. 756; letter of Washington to Colonel Reed, complaining of the mercenary spirit pervading, i. 757; early departure of the Connecticut troops from, i. 758; weakness of, in January, 1776, ii. 13, 14; letter of Washington to Colonel Reed on the condition of, ii. 15; names of officers of the new regiments of (note), ii. 403; excellent footing of, in the spring of 1777, ii. 404; kind of punishments inflicted in (note), ii. 501; personal popularity of Washington in, ii. 604; committee appointed by Congress to inquire into the condition of, ii. 667; great reduction in the force of, ii. 668, 699; destitution of, ii. 669; necessities of, supplied by Pennsylvania, ii. 670; measures adopted by Congress to increase the efficiency of, ii. 699; winter-quarters of the various divisions of, in 1780-'81, ii. 702; discontents in, in 1782, iii. 7, 15; gradual disbandment of, in 1783, iii. 22; circular letter of Washington to state governors in relation to the disbandment of, iii. 23; last general order of Washington to (note), iii. 29.

Continental money, great depreciation of—the whole country flooded with counterfeits of, ii. 666.

Continental Village, destruction of, by Governor Tryon (note), ii. 548.

Continentalist, a series of papers written by Alexander Hamilton, iii. 56.

Contrecoeur, French commandant at Fort Le Boeuf, in 1754, i. 97.

Convention, commercial, suggestion of Washington concerning, iii. 55, 56.

Convention, National, of France, pen-picture of (note), iii. 387.

Convention to amend the confederation proposed, iii. 59; Washington placed at the head of the Virginia delegation to, iii. 60; circumstances which induced Washington to attend, iii. 61; books read by Washington before attending, iii. 62; meeting and organization of—Washington elected president of, iii. 63; names of the delegates to (note), iii. 64; Franklin a conspicuous member of—distinguished men in, iii. 65; resolutions of Edmund Randolph in, iii. 66; warm debates in—part taken by Hamilton in, iii. 68; apprehensions of Washington as to the final result of, iii. 70; influence of Washington in, iii. 71; adjournment of, iii. 73.

Conway, General, letter of Washington to Congress, adverse to his appointment as major-general, ii. 575; supposed author of a pamphlet injurious to the character of Washington—anonymous letters in disparagement of Washington written by, ii. 576; appointed inspector-general, and raised to the rank of major-general, by Congress, ii. 578; short and sharp letter of Washington to—dismay in the Cabal caused by Washington's letter to, ii. 581; thorough exposure of the character of—resignation of, accepted by Congress, ii. 589; severely wounded in a duel with Cadwalader—penitent letter written to Washington by, while in the expectation of speedy death—recovery of, and return to France, ii. 690.

Conway's Cabal, history of, ii. 574; existence of, discovered by Washington—Colonel Wilkinson's agency in exposing, ii. 579; exposure of, to the world, ii. 584; letter of Washington to Patrick Henry in relation to, ii. 590.

Cook, Captain James, the navigator, with Wolfe at Quebec, i. 293.

Cooke, Governor Nicholas, of Rhode Island, cheering letter written to Washington by, i. 597; supply of powder sent by, to the camp at Cambridge, i. 628; acting governor of Rhode Island in place of Governor Wanton (note), i. 729.

Cornstalk, night-attack of, upon Colonel Lewis, i. 473.

Cornwallis, Lord, embarkation of, for North Carolina, with seven regiments, ii. 90; outrages committed by the troops of, in North Carolina—Robert Howe's plantation desolated by, ii. 185; march of, into Philadelphia, ii. 517; congratulations of the Quakers offered to, ii. 518; disappointment of, at not finding boats at Trenton—carelessness of, in stationing his troops in detachments, ii. 360; hears "thunder" from Princeton, ii. 386; stinging reply of Washington to, in relation to the brutal conduct of his troops, ii. 397; attempt of, to surprise General Lincoln at Boundbrook, ii. 433; weak and wicked policy of, in South Carolina, ii. 685; dependence placed by, upon Tarleton and Ferguson, ii. 702; alarm of, at the movements of Marion, ii. 703; dangerous position of, ii. 705; perilous situation of, at Yorktown, ii. 734; surrender of, at Yorktown, ii. 734; devastations of, in the South (note), ii. 736.

Correspondence, committees of, originated in Massachusetts, i. 382, 383.

Correspondence, intercolonial committees of, first appointed in Virginia, i. 382, 383; Rhode Island first after Virginia in appointing—severe condemnation of, by "Massachuttensis," i. 883.

Correspondence, burdensome nature of Washington's, in 1784, iii. 49; extracts from Washington's with George W. P. Custis (note), iii. 531.

Council, executive, organization of, in 1789, iii. 118.

Courtship, Washington's, account of, by G. W. P. Custis, i. 276.

Coventry, earl of, prophetic speech of, ii. 9.

Cowpens, defeat of Tarleton by Morgan at, ii. 714.

"Cragie house," now Longfellow's (note), i. 584.

Craik, Doctor James, at Great Meadows, i. 114; at the battle of the Monongahela, i. 168: Braddock's wounds dressed by, i. 170; warning of, to Washington, as to his attack of dysentery in 1757, i. 245; with Washington on his visit to the Ohio country in 1770, i. 358; Indian chief seen by, who at the battle of the Monongahela had fired at Washington fifteen times, i. 360; letter of, to Washington, in relation to the Conway Cabal, ii. 586; western tour of, in company with Washington, in 1784, iii. 42; Washington attended by, in his last illness, iii. 554.

Cramahe, approach of Arnold to Quebec disbelieved by, i. 696; in Quebec during the siege by Arnold, i. 702.

Creeks, at war with Georgia in 1789, iii. 115; difficulties of the United States with, in 1790—alliance of, with the Spaniards, iii. 154; United States commissioners sent to treat with—Colonel Marinus Willett sent on a mission to—treaty made with, in 1790, iii. 155.

Cresap, Colonel, Washington a guest of, in 1748, i. 54; innocent of the murder of Logan's relatives (note), i. 473.

"Crisis," an anti-ministerial journal published in London and New York, in 1775 (note), i. 637.

"Crisis," a series of pamphlets written by Thomas Paine in 1776-'7 (note), ii. 202.

Croghan, George, envoy from Pennsylvania to the Miamis, i. 71.

Cross Creek, in North Carolina, commission granted by Governor Martin to Highlanders at, ii. 114.

Crown Point, movements of the expedition against, under Colonel Johnson, i. 180; Dieskau defeated, severely wounded, and made prisoner, while marching to the defence of, i. 182; fortifications erected on, by Amherst, in 1759, i. 292; surrender of, to Colonel Warner, in 1775, i. 526; remains of the army of the north assembled at, ii. 250; wretched condition of the troops at, ii. 250, 251; Sullivan informed of his being superseded by General Gates at—efforts of Schuyler and Gates to reorganize the army of the north at—dilapidated condition of the fort at, ii. 251; Washington unfavorable to the abandonment of—letters of Washington to Schuyler and Gates, in relation to the abandonment of, ii. 252; possession taken of, by General Carleton, ii. 336.

Cully, old, his recollections of Washington's courtship, i. 278.

Culpepper county minute-men, description of the dress of, ii. 23.

Currency, continental, i. 549; form of the bills of (note), i. 550.

Currency, decimal, origin of the, iii. 175.

Curtis, remarks of, on the convention to amend the federal confederation, iii. 65.

Cushing, William, appointed associate judge of the supreme court in 1789, iii. 122.

Custis, Daniel Parke, father of Martha Custis, i. 278.

Custis, Eleanor Parke, adopted by Washington, iii. 5; Washington accompanied by, to Mount Vernon in 1797, iii. 479; precepts inculcated by Washington into the mind of—letter of Washington to, on love and marriage, iii. 484; a son of Charles Carroll of Carrollton a suitor for the hand of, iii. 486; anecdote respecting, told by Mr. Irving, iii. 487; preparations for the marriage of, with Lawrence Lewis, iii. 531; marriage of, at Mount Vernon, on Washington's birthday, in 1799, i. 432; continental blue-and-buff suit worn by Washington at the wedding of, iii. 534.

Custis, George Washington Parke, adopted by Washington, iii. 6; in college at Princeton in 1797—interesting correspondence of Washington with, preserved in the Custis family, iii. 479; correspondence of, with Washington, respecting the attentions paid by young Carroll to his sister, iii. 487; anxiety of Washington for the welfare of—negligence of, in the pursuit of his studies—extracts from the correspondence of Washington with (note), iii. 531; aid-de-camp to General Pinckney in 1799, iii. 533; lands bequeathed to, by Washington, near Alexandria, iii. 535, 541; lands bequeathed to, surveyed by Washington's own hands in 1799, iii. 535; absent from Mount Vernon at the time of Washington's death—his description of Washington's personal appearance when riding over his farms, iii. 586.

Custis, John Parke, son of Mrs. Washington, difficult task of Washington as the guardian of—plans of travel of, opposed by Mrs. Washington—particulars of the estate of, according to a letter of Washington (note), i. 376; enamored of Miss Calvert—letter of Washington to Mr. Calvert, recommending a postponement of the marriage of, i. 377; at King's college, in New York—Hamilton a fellow-student with—effect upon, of the death of his sister, i. 378; marriage of, to Miss Calvert, in 1774—letter of Washington to Doctor Cooper, in relation to the marriage of, i. 379; Washington's aid, ii. 730; death of, at Eltham—children of, adopted by Washington, iii. 5.

Custis, Martha, introduction of Washington to, i. 277; marriage of, to Washington, in January, 1759, i. 287.

Custis, Miss, daughter of Mrs. Washington, sickness of, i. 375; death of, at Mount Vernon, in 1773, i. 378.

Customs commissioners mobbed in Boston, i. 345.

D.

Dagworthy, Captain, position of, settled by Governor Shirley, i. 201.

Dallas, Alexander J., hostility of, to Jay's treaty, iii. 353.

Dalrymple, Colonel, reserve of troops left under the command of, at Staten Island, ii. 263.

Danbury, expedition to destroy stores at, under Governor Tryon, ii. 433; private as well as public property destroyed at, ii. 435.

Dancing-days of Washington over in 1799 (note), i. 310.

Dandridge, Bartholomew, private secretary of Washington—letter of Washington to, expressing approbation of his conduct, iii. 479; provision in the will of Washington respecting the heirs of, iii. 538.

Dartmouth, Lord, instructions of, to General Gage, as to his conduct in Massachusetts, i. 415; reply of an American to a remark of, as to the number of delegates to the first Congress (note), i. 441.

D'Aubrey, Colonel, defeated and made prisoner by Sir William Johnson near Fort Niagara, i. 291.

Davenant, Sir William, expedition of, intercepted by Cromwell's fleet (note), i. 20.

Davidson, John, Indian interpreter with Washington on his Ohio expedition, i. 76, 78.

Davie, Governor William R., associated with Murray as envoy to France in 1799, iii. 529.

Davis, Reverend Thomas, volumes presented to, by Washington, at the marriage of Nelly Custis, iii. 534; invited to officiate at the funeral of Washington, iii. 558.

Deane, Silas, sent to Paris as a secret agent of Congress—his unfitness for the trust, ii. 125; embarrassing engagements entered into by, ii. 444.

Dearborn, Captain, his dog eaten by famishing soldiers in Arnold's Quebec expedition (note), i. 694; made prisoner at the siege of Quebec, i. 721.

Death of Washington, iii. 556; why no clergyman was present at, iii. 557; action of Congress on receiving intelligence of, iii. 562; sensation produced in Europe by the news of (note), iii. 570.

De Beaujeu, Captain, intrusted with the ambuscade at the battle of the Monongahela, i. 166; death of, in the battle, i. 167.

De Berdt, Dennis, letter of, brought from England by Lord Howe, ii. 223; a copy of the letter of, sent to Washington and to Congress, ii. 224.

Deborre, General, disaster brought upon the American army by, at the battle of the Brandywine, ii. 510.

Debt, foreign, of the United States in 1790, according to Hamilton—domestic, in 1790, iii. 140.

Declaration of Independence, ii. 209; copies of, signed only by John Hancock, distributed throughout the country—signed on the second of August, 1776, ii. 213; proofs of the allegations contained in, where to be found (note),—names of the delegates who signed (note),—original parchment of, much injured by a writing-master in 1818 (note), ii. 213; order issued by Washington to the troops in New York in relation to, ii. 214; publicly read in New York on the tenth of July—influence of, upon the popular mind in Europe, ii. 215; comments of Mirabeau and Napoleon upon, ii. 216; read to the army of the north at Fort Independence, ii. 254.

Declaration of Rights adopted by the first continental Congress, written by Samuel Adams (note), i. 453.

Declaratory act, why supported by William Pitt—condemnation of, by Gadsden, i. 340; apprehensions of Washington respecting, i. 341; right claimed by, denied by the colonial assemblies, i. 343.

Decoudray, Major-General, his expectations of rank in the American army—letter of Washington to Congress in relation to the claims of—biographical notice of (note), ii. 445.

De Fermoy, folly of, at Ticonderoga, ii. 465.

De Grasse, arrival of the fleet of, in the Chesapeake, ii. 729; Admiral Graves attacked by, off the capes of Virginia, ii. 730; visit of Washington to, ii. 731.

De Heister, part taken by, in the battle of Long Island, ii. 272.

De Kalb, Baron, slow march of, to the relief of Charleston, ii. 676; mortally wounded in the battle at Sanders's creek—biographical notice of (note), ii. 683.

Delaplace, Ticonderoga surrendered by, to Ethan Allen, i. 525.

Delaware river, baggage and stores of Washington removed across, ii. 353; army sent across by Washington during the night—boats on, destroyed by order of Washington, ii. 354; weakness of Washington's army at the time of his retreat over, ii. 361; gravity of Washington after his retreat over, ii. 366; Washington's plan for attacking the British posts on, ii. 368; Christmas-day appointed by Washington for attacking the British on, ii. 369; troops ferried over by Colonel Glover and Marblehead fisherman, ii. 370, 371; letter of Gates presented to Washington at, by Wilkinson, ii. 370; voice of Knox heard across, ii. 371; passage of the American army to the Jersey side, ii. 381; attempt of Sir William Howe to destroy the obstructions in, ii. 551; efforts of Howe to get possession of the forts on, ii. 559; loss of the forts on, owing to the selfish ambition of General Gates, ii. 561, 563; destruction of the American fleet on—full possession of, obtained by the British, ii. 563; crossed by Washington in pursuit of Sir Henry Clinton, ii. 618; rapid march of the allies toward, ii. 726.

De Levi, march of, upon Quebec, i. 300; rapid retreat of, to Montreal, i. 301.

Departments, executive, not organized in 1789, iii. 102; when established by Congress, iii. 118.

Desertions, frequency of, from the continental army, ii. 416.

D'Estaing, Count, arrival of the fleet of, in the Delaware—departure of, for Sandy Hook, ii. 686; correspondence of, with Washington—attempt to destroy the British fleet in Raritan bay abandoned by, ii. 637; arrival of, at Newport—departure of, from Newport, to meet the fleet of Lord Howe—return of, to Newport, and subsequent departure for Boston, ii. 638; exasperation caused by the conduct of, ii. 639; letter of, to Congress, relative to his abandonment of Rhode Island—soothing letter written to, by Washington, ii. 640; departure of, for the West Indies, ii. 644.

Detroit, relieved by Colonel Bradstreet in 1764, i. 267.

Devotion, private, of Washington, iii. 602.

De Wessingtons, knights of the palatinate of Durham, i. 18.

De Yrujo, Spanish embassador, dress of, iii. 599.

Diary of Washington, extract from, in relation to his visit to Boston in 1789 (note), iii. 128, 129; extract from, describing the opening of Congress in 1790 (note), iii. 138; extract from, in relation to Morris's mission to England, iii. 157.

Dick, Doctor, called in, at Washington's last illness, iii. 554.

Dickinson, John, of Pennsylvania, influence of his Quaker friends upon (note), i. 463; petition to the king written by, adopted by the continental Congress, i. 605; views of, on the terms of reconciliation brought by Lord Howe, ii. 224.

Dictator, Washington made, ii. 364; emotions of Washington on receiving the resolution conferring the powers of, ii. 380; wise exercise by Washington of his powers as, ii. 400.

Dieskau, Baron, departure of, from France, for the St. Lawrence, in 1755, i. 177; defeat of, by Colonel William Johnson, at Lake George—wounded and a prisoner, i. 182; subsequent history of (note),—designs of, in case of success (note), i. 183; General Lyman's share in the defeat of, i. 182, 184; defeated by New England men, i. 184; parliamentary grants to the provinces that contributed to the defeat of, i. 229.

Diet of Washington when at Cambridge, i. 616.

Dignity of manner of Washington, iii. 576.

Dinner, farewell, of Washington, on the eve of his retirement from the presidency, iii. 471.

Dinner-hour of Washington, iii. 586.

Dinner-table of Washington, iii. 588.

Dinwiddie, Governor, measures against the French on the Ohio recommended by, i. 74; Washington sent by, to the French commandant on the Ohio, i. 75; efforts of, in anticipation of the French and Indian war, i. 93; disputes of, with the Virginia house of burgesses, i. 94; efforts of, to raise troops to meet the French on the Ohio, i. 95; letter of Washington to, complaining of the inadequate pay of the colonial army officers, i. 102; measures of, after the surrender of Fort Necessity, i. 124; remark of, respecting colonial assemblies, i. 129; duplicity of, in his conduct toward Washington, i. 131, 237, 244; refusal of, to give up the prisoners taken by Washington in the skirmish with Jumonville, i. 132; conduct of, in relation to prisoners, retaliated by Contrecoeur, i. 133; letter of Washington to, after the battle of the Monongahela, i. 173; opposed to the command of the Virginia forces being given to Washington, i. 187; his recommendation of Washington for promotion, i. 194; ambiguous orders of, to Washington, i. 217; letters of Washington to, recommending offensive war on the Ohio, i. 221, 223; correspondence of Washington with, in relation to Lord Loudonn, i. 236; contemptible conduct of, toward Washington, i. 241; letter of Washington to, in relation to certain slanders, i. 243; departure of, for England—contrast between his character and that of Washington—death of, in 1770 (note), i. 246.

"Discourses on Davila," essays published by John Adams, iii. 188.

Dismal swamp, project of Washington for draining—description of, i. 311; the "Green sea" of, explored by Washington, i. 312.

District of Columbia, funds bequeathed by Washington for the endowment of a university in, iii. 48.

Districts, military, of Virginia, Washington in charge of one in 1751, i. 61.

Disunion, threatened in Virginia, in case Jay's treaty should be ratified, iii. 355.

Divine service, Washington a regular attendant upon, i. 337.

Documents, public, careful examination of, by Washington, iii. 114.

Donaldson, Mr., treaty with Algiers signed by, in 1795, iii. 380.

Donop, Count, mortally wounded in an attack upon Fort Mercer, ii. 560.

Donville, sent toward Fort Cumberland with a party of Indians—humane instructions of Dumas to—defeat of, by a Virginian named Paris—death of—scalp of, sent to Washington, and by him forwarded to Governor Dinwiddie, i. 209.

Dorchester Heights, proposed to be taken possession of and fortified, ii. 54; preparations for the attempt upon, ii. 60, 61; taken possession of, at night, by General Thomas—lines of fortification upon, drawn by Gridley, ii. 64; alarm of Howe on seeing the American fortifications on—reinforcements taken to, by Washington, in anticipation of an attack by Earl Percy, ii. 65; fortifications upon, strengthened by Washington, ii. 66; British attack upon, prevented by a tempest, ii. 67.

Dorchester Neck, houses on, destroyed by order of General Howe, ii. 59; cannonade upon Boston from, ii. 69.

Dress of Washington when president, iii. 589, 600, 603.

Drucour, Chevalier de, the defender of Louisburg, i. 261.

Drummond, Lord, flag of truce borne by—account of the previous movements of, ii. 257; parole of honor violated by—reproof administered to, by Washington, ii. 258; rumors respecting the mission of—subsequent acquaintance of, with General Lee (note), ii. 259.

Duche, Reverend Jacob, invited to read prayers in the continental Congress, i. 428, 528; psalm read by, and prayer of, i. 429; sermon preached by, on the fast-day, in Christ church, Philadelphia, before the continental Congress—extract from the sermon of, preached before Congress (note)—tory party subsequently joined by (note), i. 609; republicanism abjured by (note), ii. 564; letter of, to Washington, advising his abandonment of the Revolution (note)—death of, in Philadelphia, in 1794 (note), ii. 565.

Duer, President, incident related by, in connection with the retirement of Washington from office, iii. 475.

Dumas, General, pamphlet written by, on the military and political situation of France, iii. 499; letter of, to Washington, iii. 500.

Dumas, M., letter of Franklin to, requesting him to become a diplomatic agent—biographical notice of (note), ii. 124.

Dumas, successor of Contrecoeur at Fort Duquesne—humane instructions of, to Donville, i. 209.

Dunbar, Colonel, cowardly conduct of, after Braddock's defeat, i. 171, 172; remark of Franklin on the retreat of, i. 172.

Dunmore, earl of, successor of Lord Botetourt as governor of Virginia—dislike of the people of Virginia for, i. 374; unsuited for his position as governor, i. 375; friendly relations of, with Washington, i. 375, 395; claims of the soldiers to bounty-lands urged on, by Washington, i. 375; assembly of Virginia dissolved by, i. 383, 392; court circle of, at Williamsburg, i. 391; ball in honor of the wife of, attended by Washington, i. 394; training of the independent companies in Virginia warmly commended by, i. 471; expedition of, against the Indians on the Scioto, in 1774, i. 472; willingness of, to make peace, i. 473; suspicions excited against, by his conduct of the campaign, i. 474; powder of the province seized by, i. 517; flight of, from Williamsburg, i. 520; enmity of, toward the colonists, ii. 21; defeat of the forces sent by, to destroy Hampton, ii. 22; freedom proclaimed by, to slaves—republican printing-press, stolen by, from Norfolk, ii. 23; defeat of, by the Virginians, near Norfolk, ii. 24; Norfolk laid in ashes by, ii. 25; atrocious plans of, discovered by means of an intercepted letter, ii. 26; cruelties of, on the coasts of the southern states, ii. 108; movements of, on the Elizabeth river, ii. 109; ravages of, ii. 109, 110; driven from Gwyn's island by General Andrew Lewis—Mount Vernon threatened by—slaves kidnapped by, from Virginia plantations—final departure of, from America, ii. 110.

Duquesne, French and English civilization contrasted by (note), i. 72.

Dwight, Doctor, on the popular feeling with regard to independence (note), ii. 200.

Dwight, Jasper, severe strictures by, upon Washington's Farewell Address—extract from a pamphlet by, charging Washington with being a slaveholder (note), iii. 477.

Dysentery, Washington attacked by, in 1757, i. 245.

E.

Eagle, Lord Howe's flag-ship, attempt to destroy (note), ii. 285.

Eastchester, Hessian chasseurs attacked near, by Colonel Hand, ii. 315.

East India Company, proposition of, to Parliament, in relation to the tea-tax—brief notice of (note), i. 386; tea from the vessels of, not allowed to be sold, i. 387; tea of, thrown overboard in Boston harbor—compensation offered to, by the colonies, for the destruction of their tea, i. 388.

Easton, Colonel, despatched by Montgomery to the mouth of the Sorel, to intercept Carleton, i. 699; capture of Carleton's fleet by, with prisoners and stores—General Prescott taken prisoner by—escape of Carleton from, to Quebec, i. 700.

Echard, Mrs. Susan, interesting record left by, of the scene at the reading of Washington's Valedictory in 1797, iii. 473.

Eden, Governor, of Maryland, government of Maryland abdicated by—treasonable correspondence of, ii. 184.

Education, early, of Washington, i. 24.

Education, interest taken by Washington in the cause of, iii. 48.

Elizabeth river, ravages of Sir George Collier on, ii. 653.

Elizabethtown Point, reception of Washington at, in 1789, by members of Congress, iii. 88.

Ellicott, Andrew, surveys of the federal city made by, iii. 178.

Embargo laid on British shipping in 1794, iii. 297.

Enos, Colonel, his desertion of Arnold on the march to Canada, i. 692.

Episcopacy, proposed by Bute and others to be established in the colonies (note), i. 314.

Episcopal clergy, generally loyal during the Revolutionary struggle, i. 463.

Estate of Washington, portions directed by his will to be sold, iii. 541.

Etiquette, queries of Washington in relation to, addressed to Adams, Jay, Hamilton, and Madison, iii. 105.

Eulogy, anonymous, on the character of Washington, on the back of a likeness by Sharpless, iii. 582.

Eutaw Springs, battle at, iii. 3.

Everett, Mr., remarks of, in relation to Washington's expedition to the Ohio, i. 92.

Excise act, passed in 1791, iii. 174, 307; opposition made to, at Pittsburgh and elsewhere, in 1792, iii. 216; measures of Washington for the enforcement of, iii. 217; modification of, in 1792, iii. 309; resistance to, in western Pennsylvania, iii. 307-320; further efforts in Congress to amend, iii. 310; denounced by the Democratic societies—proclamation of Washington in support of (note), iii. 311.

Executors of the will of Washington, iii. 542.

F.

Fairfax, Bryan, urged by Washington to become a candidate for the Virginia house of burgesses—much attached to the British government (note), i. 399; letters of Washington to, urging the uselessness of petitions to the throne, i. 400, 405, 406; conservative and timid, i. 400; letter of, to Washington, in relation to the Revolutionary agitation, i. 414; visit of, to Valley Forge—biographical notice of (note), ii. 603.

Fairfax county courthouse, resolutions adopted at, by Washington and others, in 1774, i. 401-405; resolutions adopted at, readopted at the Williamsburg convention, i. 406.

Fairfax, George William, educated in England, i. 49; Washington's first surveying expedition undertaken in company with, i. 53; departure of, for England, to take possession of estates, i. 454.

Fairfax, Honorable William, father-in-law of Lawrence Washington, i. 43; biographical notice of (note), i. 49.

Fairfax, Mrs., letter of Washington to, from Mount Vernon, in 1798, iii. 489.

Fairfax, Thomas, the sixth lord, antiquity of the family of—brief biographical notice of, i. 47; personal appearance of, i. 48; splendid fortune and large estates of, i. 48, 52, 220; liberality and mode of living of, i. 49; young Washington his companion in hunting, i. 50; regard of, for young Washington, i. 51; a contributor to the Spectator (note), i. 220.

Fairfax, Thomas, the tenth lord, at Woodburne, Maryland, in 1855 (note), i. 49.

Falls of the Potomac, hurt received by Washington at, iii. 303.

Falmouth, bombarded and burnt by a squadron under Lieutenant Mowatt, i. 733; conduct of Mowatt at, disapproved of by the British ministry, i. 734.

Farewell Address, Washington's, iii 427; authorship of, according to Horace Binney (note), iii. 434; sensation produced by, iii. 449; strictures upon, by Jasper Dwight, of Vermont, iii. 477.

Farewell dinner of Washington on the eve of his retirement from office, iii. 471.

Farms of Washington, admirably managed by him, iii. 586.

Farnum, Jonathan, body of Doctor Warren identified by, i. 572.

Fauchet, M., appointed by the French government to succeed Genet—intercepted papers written by, placed in the hands of Washington—suspicion thrown on the integrity of Randolph by the papers of (note), iii. 361; a mercenary spirit charged upon Americans by, iii. 362.

Fauquier, Governor, arrival of, from England, i. 258; letter of Washington to, in relation to the abandonment of Fort Duquesne, i. 285; Washington resigns his commission to, after the capture of Fort Duquesne, i. 286; opposed to the stamp-act—adverse to a colonial Congress, i. 331.

Febiger, at the battle of Breed's hill, i. 568; with Arnold at Quebec, i. 697.

Federal and Republican parties, origin of, iii. 151.

Federalist, a series of essays by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay, iii. 77; Washington's opinion respecting (note), iii. 78.

Federalists, Hamilton their leader, iii. 188.

Ferguson, Captain Patrick, party of infantry under Count Pulaski surprised by—expedition of, against Little Egg Harbor, ii. 643; dependence placed upon, by Cornwallis—body of tories raised by, in aid of Cornwallis—encampment of, at King's mountain, ii. 702; defeat and death of, at King's mountain, ii. 703.

Field-sports, fondness of Washington for, iii. 584.

Finances, deplorable state of, in 1789, iii. 100.

Flatbush, halt of the British at, on the way to Brooklyn, ii. 264.

Fleury, Louis, a captain in the continental army, ii. 497; bravery displayed by, at the battle of the Brandywine, ii. 510.

Folsom, Nathan, commander of New-Hampshire forces, i. 515.

Fontanes, Louis de, funeral oration pronounced by, in Paris, in honor of Washington, iii. 570.

Forbes, General, appointed by Pitt to command the expedition against Fort Duquesne in 1758, i. 253; an early commencement of the campaign urged upon, by Washington— excessive caution of, i. 256; advice of Washington to, in relation to military movements, i. 271; anecdote of Indians in connection with the sickness of (note)—respect of, for the opinions of Washington, i. 279; sickness and weariness of, on his approach to Fort Duquesne, i. 282; death of, in Philadelphia (note), i. 285.

Forbes, the gunsmith, disclosures made by, of a tory conspiracy, ii. 175.

Forster, Captain, surrender of the fort at the Cedars to, ii. 149.

Fort Anne, retreat of the Americans from, to Fort Edward, ii. 467.

Fort Constitution, General Greene left in command of, ii. 314.

Fort Cumberland, Washington ordered to, i. 125, 224; Donville sent toward, i. 209; Virginia troops assembled at, i. 269; letter of Washington from, to Colonel Boquet, in relation to regimental clothing, i. 270; a rendezvous of troops sent against the Whiskey Insurrection in 1794, iii. 318.

Fort Duquesne, effect at, of the news of Jumonville's death, i. 113; expedition against, proposed by Braddock, i. 141; history of Braddock's expedition against, i. 141-171; M. Dumas, successor of Contrecoeur at, i. 209; General Forbes appointed to command the expedition against, in 1758, i. 253; new road to, from Raystown, decided upon by General Forbes, i. 271; Washington in favor of Braddock's road to, i. 273; delays in the expedition against, i. 274, 279, 281; effect in the camp at, of the news of the victory at Louisburg, i. 275; Major Grant sent by Colonel Boquet to reconnoitre—sortie from, upon Grant's Highlanders, i. 280; admirable conduct at, of the Virginians under Captain Bullitt, i. 281; French at, deserted by the Indians—reward offered by General Forbes for a deserter from—British flag planted on the smoking ruins of, by Washington, on the 25th of November, 1758, i. 283; name of changed to Fort Pitt—Pittsburgh now stands upon the site of, i. 284.

Fort Edward, cowardice of General Webb at, i. 250; approach of Burgoyne to, ii. 480.

Fort Frontenac, expedition undertaken against, by Colonel Bradstreet—description of, i. 267; surrender and demolition of—important influence of the surrender of, i. 268.

Fort Galpin, capture of, by Lee, iii. 2.

Fort George, at Coram, Long Island, surprised by Major Tallmadge, ii. 701.

Fort George, in New York, cannon removed from, by Captain Lamb, ii. 129.

Fort George, on Lake George, erected by Abercrombie in 1758, ii. 266; letter of Washington to Schuyler, in relation to the abandonment of (note), ii. 470.

Fort Griswold, massacre at, ii. 727.

Fort Independence, opposite Ticonderoga, constructed by the advice of Colonel John Trumbull (note), ii. 252, 254.

Fort Independence, near Kingsbridge, disregard of the garrison of, of Heath's summons to surrender, ii. 399.

Fort Johnson, near Charleston, republican flag raised on, the first in the South—description of the flag raised on (note), ii. 186.

Fort Johnston taken possession of, by militia-men under Colonel John Ashe, ii. 113.

Fort Le Boeuf, Washington at, in 1753, i. 83.

Fort Lee, evacuation of, ordered by Washington—landing of Cornwallis near, ii. 337; precipitate flight of the Americans from, ii. 338.

Fort Loudoun, erected by Washington at Winchester, in 1756, i. 214.

Fort Mercer, attack upon, by Hessians under Count Donop—gallant defence of, by Colonel Greene—Count Donop mortally wounded in the attack upon, ii. 560; ineffectual attempt of General Greene to relieve, ii. 562.

Fort Mifflin, British attack upon, ii. 561; escape of the garrison of, to Fort Mercer, ii. 562.

Fort Montgomery, completion of the obstructions at, recommended by Greene, Knox, and others, ii. 442; vessels at, abandoned and burned by the republicans, ii. 545; obstructions at, destroyed by the British fleet, ii. 546.

Fort Moultrie, formerly called Fort Sullivan, ii. 196.

Fort Necessity, letters of Washington from, to Governor Dinwiddie, i. 110; Queen Aliquippa at, i. 113; military road prepared near, by Washington, i. 116; Washington determines to await the approach of De Villiers at, i. 118; strengthened by Captain Robert Stobo—deserted by the Indians on the approach of the French, i. 120; great caution of the French in attacking—capitulation of Washington at, i. 121; terms of capitulation at, supposed to have been intentionally mistranslated by Van Braam, i. 122; abandoned by Washington on the 4th of July, 1754, i. 123.

Fort Niagara, expedition against, in 1759, under Prideaux and Johnson—death of Prideaux before, i. 290; skill and courage displayed by Sir William Johnson at the siege of—defeat of French and Indians near—capitulation of, to Sir William Johnson—garrison of, sent prisoners to New York, i. 291.

Fort Pitt, a portion of Washington's command left at, in 1758, in garrison, i. 284; besieged by Shingis in 1763, i. 320; visit of Washington to, in 1770, on his way to the Ohio country—White Mingo and George Croghan met by Washington at, i. 358.

Fort Putnam, Long Island, conflict witnessed by Washington from, ii. 273.

Fort Recovery, built by General Wayne in 1793, iii. 328.

Fort Schuyler, invested by St. Leger with a body of tories and Indians, ii. 484.

Fort Sullivan, erected by Colonel Moultrie, ii. 187; attack made upon, by a British fleet, ii. 190; the attack upon, as described by a British writer, ii. 192; deficient supply of ammunition in—great loss of life in the British ships engaged in the attack upon, ii. 193; name of, changed to Fort Moultrie, ii. 196; great importance of the American victory at, ii. 197.

Fort Washington, Washington against attempting its defence, ii 330; surrender of, to General Howe—comparative loss of British and Americans at, ii. 331; attack upon, proposed by Lafayette, ii. 701.

Fort William Henry, besieged by Montcalm in 1757—brave defence of, by Colonel George Monro, i. 250; massacre at, by Montcalm's Indians (note)—total demolition of, by Montcalm, i. 251.

Forts, western, refusal of the British to give up according to the treaty of 1783, iii. 99.

Fosdyke, Captain, attempt of, to destroy the Rose and Phoenix, ii. 238.

Fox, Charles James, his commendation of American resistance, i. 339; remarks of, on the character of Washington (note), iii. 290.

Fox-hunting at Mount Vernon, i. 309.

Frame of Washington, iii. 594.

France, designs of, against the English colonies, i. 65; war declared against, by England, in 1756, i. 228; sentiments of, toward England and the colonies, ii. 121; communication made by a secret agent of, to Jay, Franklin, and Jefferson—letter of Captain William Hull, in relation to secret agents of (note), ii. 123; arms and ammunition furnished by, in aid of the Americans, ii. 444; selfish policy of the government of, toward England and America, ii. 541; fete in the camp at Valley Forge, in celebration of the treaty with, ii. 611; danger of relaxation of American efforts, on the conclusion of the treaty with, ii. 612; the alliance with, a source of uneasiness to Washington, ii. 646; commercial advantages sought by, in 1789, iii. 115; disappointment caused to Lafayette by the course of the Revolution in, iii. 184; progress of the Revolution in, 184-187; nearly all Europe in arms against, in 1792—sympathy in the United States for the people of, iii. 220, 249, 273; thoughts of wise men respecting the Revolution in, iii. 220; disgust of Washington at the bloody character assumed by the Revolution in, iii. 221; gloomy accounts of the Revolution in, written by Gouverneur Morris, from Paris, iii. 223; efforts of Lafayette for the preservation of order in, iii. 224; influence of the Revolution in, on American politics, iii. 236; war declared by, against England, in 1793—king of, put to death by the National Convention, iii. 236; enthusiasm in favor of, in the United States, in 1793—possessions of, in America, guarantied by the treaty of 1778, iii. 237; little confidence of Washington in the government of, iii. 239; cabinet meeting held by Washington to consider relations with, iii. 240; British orders in council in relation to the colonial trade of, iii. 296; toasts given at a civic feast in Philadelphia to celebrate the victories of (note), iii. 348; a constitution established in, in 1795 (note), iii. 386; pen-picture of the Convention of (note), iii. 387; action of Congress on the presentation of colors of, by Adet, iii. 388; annoyance of the government of, at the execution of Jay's treaty, iii. 442; Charles Cotesworth Pinckney appointed minister to, in 1796, iii. 443; depredations committed by the cruisers of, on American commerce, iii. 466, 492, 505; war with, threatened in 1798, iii. 490; address of the Directory of, to Monroe, on receiving his letters of recall, iii. 493; Mr. Pinckney notified to leave—designs of the government of, toward the United States, iii. 494; change in public opinion in regard to, iii. 495; three special envoys sent to, in 1798, iii. 496; attempts of the government of, to extort money from American envoys, iii. 501; loan and bribe sought by the Directory of, iii. 502; indignation of the American people excited against—conduct of, justified by the Aurora, iii. 505; sustained by public sentiment in the southern states, iii. 507; disbelief of Washington in the probability of war with, iii. 508, 510, 526, 527; actual existence of war with, in 1799, iii. 529; new mission to, deprecated by the friends of Adams—termination of the difficulties with, iii. 530.

Francis, Doctor, reminiscences of, in relation to the arrival of Genet, iii. 248, 249.

Franklin, Benjamin, his plan of union of the colonies, i. 127; his opinion of the colonial governors—on the progress of the colonies—on the proprietaries of Pennsylvania, i. 144; in the camp of Braddock—conversation of, with Braddock, i. 148; urged by Braddock to procure wagons for the use of the army, i. 149; provisions obtained through the efforts of, for the regiments of Dunbar and Halket—first meeting of, with Washington, at Fredericktown, in 1755—highly spoken of, by Braddock, in his despatches, i. 150; his little confidence in Braddock's success, i. 165; remark of, on Dunbar's retreat, after the defeat of Braddock, i. 172; short military career of (note), i. 225; Washington welcomed to Philadelphia by, in 1757, i. 239; efforts of, in London, in opposition to the stamp-act, i. 324; letter of, to Charles Thomson, in relation to the stamp-act, i. 325; examination of, before a committee of Parliament, i. 334; opinion of, as to the tea-tax, i. 369; duplicity of Governor Hutchinson exposed by, i. 385; insulted by Solicitor-General Wedderburne (note)—office of postmaster-general of the colonies taken from (note), i. 386; general congress proposed by, i. 390, 392; activity of, in circulating the state papers of the continental Congress, i. 485; introduced by Lord Chatham into the house of lords, i. 488; remark of, in relation to a speech of Lord Chatham's—compliment paid to, by Lord Chatham, in the house of lords (note), i. 492; interviews of, with Admiral Howe and Miss Howe (note), i. 498; letters of, to Mr. Strahan and Doctor Priestley (note), i. 605; placed by the second continental Congress at the head of the post-office department—post-office account-book of, still preserved (note), i. 612; letter of, to Doctor Priestley, on the progress of British arms in America, i. 641; on the committee appointed by Congress to visit the camp at Cambridge, i. 729; balance of salary paid to, by Massachusetts, for services as colonial agent—money sent from England by the hands of, for the sufferers at Lexington, i. 737; at the head of a commission appointed to form a union with Canada, ii. 144; return of, from Canada, in company with the Reverend John Carroll, ii. 146; treaty of peace signed by, in 1782, iii. 15; meeting of Washington with, in 1785, iii. 62.

Fraser, General, mortally wounded at the second battle near Bemis's Heights, on the 7th of October, 1777, ii. 532; funeral of, at twilight, ii. 533.

Fraunces, Samuel, Washington's steward in New York, in 1789, iii. 112, 587; anecdote of (note), iii. 169, 587.

Fraunces's Tavern, parting of Washington and his officers at, in New York, iii. 33.

Frazier, trading-house of, on the Monongahela, i. 77, 91.

Frederick the Great, contempt of, for the German mercenaries, ii. 10; his opinion of Washington's achievements in the Jerseys (note), ii. 394; his appreciation of Washington as a general, iii. 580.

Fredericksburg (Patterson), camp of Washington at, ii. 642.

Fredericktown, Washington and Franklin meet at, for the first time, in 1756, i. 150.

Freemasons, desirous of being present at the funeral of Washington, iii. 538.

French and Indian War, cost of, to the colonies, i. 316.

French officers, blank commissions for, sent to Washington by Congress, ii. 446.

Freneau, Philip, editor of the National Gazette in 1791, iii. 197; Jefferson's own account of his connection with the journal of, iii. 215; Washington annoyed by the attacks of, iii. 253; good done by the paper of, according to Jefferson—remarks of Irving respecting Jefferson's support of, iii. 254; Washington's opinion of the journal of, iii. 268.

Frestel, M., arrival of, in the United States, with young Lafayette, in 1795, iii. 373; letter of Washington to, in relation to young Lafayette, iii. 375; encomium bestowed upon, by Washington, iii. 377; with young Lafayette at Mount Vernon in 1797, iii. 479.

Fry, Colonel Joshua, commander of the troops destined for the Ohio in 1754—Washington his second in command, i. 96; sudden death of, i. 113; biographical notice of (note), i. 114.

Funeral honors paid by Congress to the memory of Washington, iii. 563.

"Funeral of George Washington," a pasquinade, introduced by Knox at a cabinet council, iii. 269.

Funeral of Washington, iii. 558; order of the procession at, iii. 559.

Funeral orations at the death of Washington, iii. 566, 570.

G.

Gadsden, Colonel Christopher, control of troops in Charleston assumed by, ii. 187; confinement of, in the castle of St. Augustine, ii. 673; hostility of, to Jay's treaty, iii. 354.

Gage, Colonel Thomas (afterward General), with Braddock in his expedition against Fort Duquesne, i. 152; friendly letter of, to Washington, i. 197; troops of, brought into Boston, to awe the inhabitants, i. 345; governor of Massachusetts in 1774, i. 396; received in Boston with respect, i. 397; contest of, with the Massachusetts assembly—fortifications built by, on Boston Neck, i. 398; instructions of Lord Dartmouth to, as to his conduct in Massachusetts, i. 415; fruitless attempts of, to prevent political assemblages, i. 416; letter of Doctor Warren to, in relation to an agreement violated by him, i. 514; martial law declared by, i. 552; Charlestown set on fire by order of, i. 565; anxiety of, to escape to New York, i. 627; had been a personal friend of Washington, i. 630; letters of Washington to, in relation to his treatment of prisoners, i. 631, 683; verses on the cattle-stealing of, i. 638; summoned to England by the king—biographical notice of (note), i. 730.

Gallatin, Albert, secretary of a convention in opposition to the excise laws in 1794, iii. 316; resolution of Edward Livingston, demanding papers relating to Jay's treaty, sustained by, iii. 392; conspicuous part taken by, in the debates on Jay's treaty, iii. 401; remarks of Hildreth on the speech of—replied to, by Tracy, of Connecticut, iii. 404; regard of Jefferson for, iii. 417.

Galloway, Joseph, dangerous plan of union of, i. 435; plan of union of, opposed by Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams, i. 437; plan of, rejected by a majority of one, i. 438; subsequently a violent loyalist (note), i. 445; agents of, hanged as spies and traitors, i. 462.

Gardner, Colonel, death of, while marching to the help of Prescott, at Breed's hill, i. 568.

Gaspe, account of the burning of the, i. 381.

Gates, Captain Horatio (afterward General), with Braddock in his expedition against Fort Duquesne, i. 152; chosen by Congress adjutant-general—biographical notice of, i. 546; at the camp at Cambridge, i. 587; appointed by Congress to the command of the army in Canada, ii. 153, 246; sent to Philadelphia by Washington, to confer with Congress, ii. 156; appointed major-general by Congress, ii. 157; ambitious character of, ii. 245, 367, 420; insinuations of, calculated to injure Schuyler, ii. 249; extraordinary powers granted to, by Congress—unpleasant feelings produced in the army by the unusual powers granted to (note), ii. 246; surprise of Schuyler at the conduct of—duplicity of, ii. 247, 420; letter of Schuyler to Washington in relation to the claims of, ii. 248; letter of, to Washington, in relation to the abandonment of Crown Point, ii. 253; order and discipline restored by, to the army of the North, ii. 254; appointed by Congress to the command of the army at Ticonderoga, ii. 420; slanders of Schuyler written by—impertinent letter written by, to Washington, ii. 423; refusal of, to act under Schuyler—admitted to the floor of Congress through the instrumentality of Roger Sherman, ii. 424; machinations of, against Schuyler, ii. 477; chosen by Congress to command the northern army, ii. 479; literary vanity of (note), ii. 483; military movements of, criticised by John Adams, ii. 516; courteous reception of, by Schuyler, ii. 520; estimate of the character of, by Gouverneur Morris, ii. 521; force and position of the army of, at Bemis's Heights, ii. 523; jealousy of, greatly excited against Arnold, ii. 526; inactivity of, until after the capture of the Hudson highlands, ii. 528; letter of Washington to, requesting the aid of Morgan's corps, ii. 549; desire of, to see Washington entirely defeated, ii. 550; conspiracy in Congress and the army to elevate, over Washington, ii. 564; correspondence of, with Washington, in relation to a letter of Conway, ii. 582; challenge sent to, by Wilkinson (note),—placed at the head of a new board of war, ii. 584; intention of the friends of, to have him made commander-in-chief—expedition against Canada planned by, to detach Lafayette from Washington, ii. 585; appointed by Congress to command the army of the South—prophetic warning of General Lee to, ii. 681; great things expected from, in the South, ii. 682; combined attack of Cornwallis and Rawdon upon—total defeat of, at Sanders's creek, ii. 683; letter of, to Washington, after his defeat, ii. 684; inquiry into the conduct of, at Camden, ii. 698; meeting of officers at Newburg presided at by, iii. 18.

Genealogy of the Washington family, i. 17.

General Advertiser, edited by a grandson of Franklin—action of Genet supported by, iii. 259.

Genet, Edmund Charles, arrival of, at Charleston, in 1793—practical democracy of, iii. 288; secret reasons of, for landing at Charleston—enthusiastic reception of, iii. 243; letters of marque issued by, iii. 244; reception of, at Philadelphia, iii. 244, 246; abashed in the presence of Washington, iii. 246; banquet given in honor of, in Philadelphia—offended at seeing a bust of Louis XVI. in the house of the president, iii. 247; Doctor Francis on the reception of, in New York, iii. 248, 249; complaints of Mr. Hammond of the conduct of—duplicity of, iii. 252; Jefferson's opinion of the mission of, iii. 253; letter of, to Jefferson, announcing his mission, iii. 254; propositions of, not received with favor by the United States government, iii. 255; letter of, to the secretary of state, in relation to privateers, iii. 258; privateer fitted out by, ordered to leave American waters, iii. 259; letter of, to Jefferson, in relation to the arrest of American citizens on board the Citizen Genet, iii. 260; appeal of, from the president to the people—letter of, to Jefferson, on neutrality, iii. 261; party contentions respecting the claims of, iii. 262; outrageous conduct of, with regard to Le Petit Democrat— misapprehensions of, corrected by Jefferson, iii. 265; government determines to request the recall of—irritation of Washington at the idea of a contest with, iii. 269; required to give up all vessels captured by his privateers, iii. 270; popularity of, in the Southwest, iii. 274; visit of, to New York, iii. 276; angry letter written by, to Jefferson, iii. 278; Jefferson disgusted with, iii. 279; revulsion of public feeling with regard to, iii. 280; rebuke administered to, by Jefferson—Washington's course in relation to, approved by Congress, iii. 287; recalled by the government of France—M. Fauchet appointed to succeed, iii. 295; marriage of, to the daughter of Governor Clinton—death of, at Greenbush, in 1834, iii. 296.

Gentlemen Associators, inactivity of, i. 213, 251, 220.

George II., biographical notice of (note), i. 314.

George III., determination of, to bring the colonies into unconditional submission, i. 485; caricature of, published in England, i. 486; speech of, at the opening of Parliament in 1776, ii. 2; electoral troops of (note), ii. 4; goodness of heart of, ii. 10; leaden statue of, in New York, converted into bullets, ii. 214; portrait of, in Nassau Hall, Princeton, injured by a cannon-shot (note), ii. 389; conversation of Jay with, in 1795, iii. 338; ratification of Jay's treaty by, in 1790, iii. 390.

Georgia, colony of, planted in the year of Washington's birth, i. 17; personal description of representatives from, in the continental Congress, in 1775 (note), i. 727; invasion of, by Colonel Campbell—General Robert Howe, in command of the Americans in—command of the royal forces in, taken by General Prevost, ii. 650.

Germain, Lord George, his approbation of General Howe's abandonment of Boston, ii. 86, 89.

German mercenaries, high price paid for, by the British government, ii. 6; employment of, condemned in the house of commons, ii. 7; departure of, from England, for the St. Lawrence, ii. 89.

Germantown, army of Washington encamped at, ii. 489; retreat of Washington to, after the battle of the Brandy wine—thirty hogsheads of rum sent to the troops at, by order of Congress, ii. 511; account of the battle at, ii. 552-557; the delay at Chew's house the cause of the loss of the battle of, ii. 554; retreat of the American army at, covered by General Greene—comparative losses of the British and Americans at, ii. 556; the British almost defeated at, ii. 557; impression produced in Europe by the battle at, ii. 559; proposed assemblage of Congress at, in 1793, iii. 282; family of Washington at, in 1794, iii. 333.

Gerry, Elbridge, special envoy to France in 1798, iii. 496; detention of, in France, by a threat of Talleyrand, iii. 504.

Gibbon, the historian, doubts of, as to British success in America—political character of (note), i. 495.

Giles, Mr., motion of, in Congress, to expunge certain language complimentary to Washington, iii. 460; motion of, sustained by Andrew Jackson, iii. 461.

Gist, Christopher, employed by the Ohio Company, in 1750, to explore their lands, i. 71; Washington's guide in his Ohio expedition, i. 76; his narrative of adventures in company with Washington, i. 88; guide of General Braddock, i. 161.

Glover, Colonel, evacuation of New York by patriot troops commenced under the superintendence of, ii. 294; troops ferried over the Delaware by, ii. 370, 371.

Gordon, Doctor, letter of Washington to, denying any intention to resign the command of the army (note), ii. 588; letter of Washington to, from Mount Vernon, in 1798, iii. 488.

Goshen meeting-house, retreat of Washington from, ii. 513.

Governors, colonial, meeting of, at New York, i. 201.

Governor's Island, taken possession of, by a body of continentals, ii. 84.

Grafton, duke of, advice given to the king by, ii. 5.

Graham, Catharine Macaulay, visit of, to Mount Vernon, iii. 48; letter of Washington to, on the formation of the Federal Constitution, iii. 75.

Grahame, Doctor, on the character of Washington, i. 346, 536.

Grange, the, a British vessel, captured by L'Embuscade, iii. 245; complaints of Mr. Hammond respecting the capture of, iii. 252; restoration of, determined on by the American government, iii. 256.

Grant, Colonel (afterward General), Cherokees subdued by, in 1701, i. 302; at the battle of Long Island, ii. 266, 271; foolish boast of, in the house of commons, heard by Lord Stirling (note), ii. 266.

Grattan, the champion of civil and religious freedom, i. 370.

Graves, Admiral, arrival of, at New York, ii. 680; attacked by De Grasse off the capes of Virginia, ii. 730.

Gray's ferry, triumphal arches reared at, in honor of Washington, in 1789, iii. 86.

Great Britain, suspected policy of, in relation to the American colonies, i. 67; address of the second continental Congress to the people of, i. 606; unsettled relations with, in 1793, iii. 271; treatment of neutral shipping by, in 1793—services of British-born seamen claimed by, iii. 272; western posts retained by—irritation of the American people against, in 1793—judicial decision respecting debts due to merchants of, before the Revolution, iii. 273; war with, imminent in 1793-'4, iii. 283, 297; discriminating duties as against, recommended by Jefferson, iii. 287; subjects in dispute with, in 1795, iii. 336.

Great Kenawha, voyage of Washington down the Ohio to the mouth of, in 1770, i. 359; ascended by Washington fourteen miles—Indian met with at, who had fired at Washington fifteen times, i. 360; night-attack upon Colonel Lewis at, i. 473; tour of Washington to visit, in 1784, iii. 42.

Great Meadows, Washington at, i. 104; Fort Necessity erected at, i. 109; rumored approach of De Villiers toward, with twelve hundred men, i. 117; inactivity of South-Carolinians at, i. 118, 119; Washington's comments on De Villiers's account of the affair at (note), i. 122; killed and wounded at, i. 123; Washington's conduct at, approved by the governor and council, i. 124.

Greaton, Captain, forage belonging to the British destroyed by, i. 617.

Greenburg hills, encampment of the allied armies among, ii. 723.

Greene, Lieutenant-Colonel Christopher, with Arnold in his expedition against Quebec, i. 683, 697; murder of, ii. 721.

Greene, Nathanael, services of, in the field, commenced after the battle of Lexington, i. 513; appointed brigadier-general in the continental army, i. 548; address made by, to Washington, welcoming him to the camp at Cambridge, i. 615; conduct of the New England troops defended by, i. 758; defensive works prepared by, at Brooklyn, ii. 171; sickness of, when the British landed on Long Island, ii. 264; urgency of, for the destruction of New York, ii. 287; tour of inspection of, to the forts on the Hudson Highlands, ii. 441; skilful movement of, at the battle of the Brandywine, ii. 507; retreat of the American army at Germantown covered by, ii. 556; important service rendered by, to the army at Valley Forge, as quartermaster, ii. 599; chosen to supersede Gates in command of the southern forces, ii. 698; arrival of, at Charlotte, ii. 699; confidence inspired among the southern republicans by the presence of, ii. 702; retreat of, from the Catawba to Virginia, followed by Cornwallis—return of, to North Carolina, ii. 716; repulse of, by Cornwallis, at Guilford courthouse—surprise and defeat of, by Lord Rawdon, at Hobkirk's hill, ii. 719; siege of Ninety-Six by, iii. 2; letters of Washington to, urging the necessity for preparations for a campaign in 1782, iii. 6; Charleston taken possession of by, iii. 12.

Greene, Mrs. General, visit of Washington to, on his southern tour, iii. 181.

Green Mountain Boys, recommended by Congress for the invasion of Canada, i. 653; Ethan Allen rejected by, i. 658; insubordination of, i. 669, 670.

Green, Reverend Ashbel, his personal reminiscences of Washington, iii. 587.

Greenway Court, hospitality of Lord Fairfax at, i. 48; letter of Washington from, at the age of fifteen, i. 49; library at, accessible to young Washington, i. 57.

Grenville, George, the stamp-act submitted to the house of commons by, i. 322; reply of Pitt to an interrogatory of—christened "the gentle shepherd," i. 324.

Grey, General, party of horse under Colonel Baylor surprised by, ii. 643.

Gridley, Captain Samuel, inefficiency of (note), i. 562.

Gridley, Colonel, good discipline of his corps of artillery, i. 553; lines of the intrenchments on Breed's hill drawn by, at night, i. 557; wounded at Breed's hill, i. 569; lines of fortification upon Dorchester Heights drawn by, ii. 64.

Grier, Mrs., fortitude displayed by, while accompanying Arnold's Quebec expedition, i. 693.

Griffiths, David, warning of Lee's treachery at Monmouth given by, on the eve of the battle, ii. 623.

Grimes, Miss, afterward Mrs. Lee, supposed youthful passion of Washington for, i. 47.

Guilford courthouse, battle of, ii. 717.

Guizot, encomium pronounced by, upon the character of Washington, iii. 580.

Gulligher, Mr., one sitting given to, by Washington, at Portsmouth, in 1789, iii. 133.

Gunpowder, Gage's seizure of, at Cambridge, i. 426.

H.

Habits of Washington, iii. 584.