Hans Verbeek, or Hans de Malines, believed to be the son of Francois. He was Court Painter to Albert and Isabella. He died sometime after 1619.

Gregoire Berincx, born in 1526, visited Italy and there made paintings in distemper of the ruins and ancient constructions. Returning to his native town in 1555 he was at once made a Gild Member of the Corporation of Painters. He died in 1573.

His youngest son, Gregoire, became doyen, and of him the following story is told: The great Van Dyck visited him unexpectedly one day, and demanded that he make a sketch of him (Van Dyck) at once, in his presence. Berincx accordingly painted in monotone the sketch in full length, adding the details in carnation, and so charmed was Van Dyck, that he assured him that he would adopt the system in his own work, "if he would permit." He died full of honors the 14th of October, 1669.

Jacques de Poindre, born in 1527, acquired a brilliant reputation as a portrait painter. He afterwards established himself under royal patronage in Denmark where he died in 1570.

Corneille Ingelrams, a painter in distemper, was born in 1527. He practised his art successfully in Malines and died in 1580.

His son, Andre, was admitted to the Painters' Gild in May, 1571, and died in 1595.

Marc Willems, born about 1527, was a pupil of Michel Coxie (le vieux), was considered a great painter in his time. He made many designs for the decorators, and admirable cartoons for tapestry makers. He died in 1561.

Jean Carpreau was commissioned in 1554 to take charge of the restorations of the "chasse" of the patron saint of the town. Such was his success that he was appointed Official Seal Cutter and Engraver, a position of great importance in those days. At the Hotel de Ville was preserved and shown a remarkable die in silver from his hand, for the Seal of the Municipality of Malines.

Jean or Hans Bol, born December, 1534, was the pupil of his uncles Jacques and Jean the Elder, but after two years of apprenticeship he went to Germany for a time. Returning to Malines, he devoted himself to the painting of landscapes with great success. Likewise he sometimes engraved plates on copper. His productions are many. He died at Amsterdam in 1593.

Lambert de Vos, admitted to the Gild of Saint Luke in 1563, was engaged in the service of Charles Kimy, Imperial Ambassador to Constantinople. He painted oriental subjects in water colors, which were distinguished for richness of color, and accuracy of drawing. Many of these are in the Library of Breme.

Jean Snellinck, born about 1554, was an historical and battle painter. It was he who prepared the designs for the tapestries of Oudenaarde. During his residence in that town he painted the triptych for the church of Notre Dame de Pamele. He died at Antwerp in 1638.

Louis Toeput was born about 1550. He was a landscape painter of renown, but also drew many architectural subjects. In his later period, he devoted himself to Flemish literature with marked success as an authority.

Luc Van Valckenborgh, called "partisan of the Reform," was born in 1566, and in his student days went to Germany, where he practised his art as a portrait painter. His reputation was made by his portrait of the Archduke Matthias.

He died in 1625, leaving a son Martin, also his pupil, who established himself at Antwerp and later at Frankfort. Martin was an historical and landscape painter, although he painted some good portraits in the manner of his father. He is thought to have died about 1636.

Philip Vinckboons, the elder, was born about 1550, became an associate of the Gild of Painters in 1580, and died 1631. His son Maur, the younger, born 1585, studied painting under his father, finishing under his uncle Pierre Stevens. He died in 1647.

Pierre Stevens, born about 1550, was an historical painter and engraver, as well as a portrait painter. This master latinized his name and signed his works thus—P. Stephani. He died in 1604 at Prague, where he had dwelt since 1590, under the patronage of the Emperor Rudolphe II.

Rombaut Van Avont, incorporated in the Gild of Saint Luke in 1581, was a sculptor and painter as well as an illuminator of manuscripts on vellum. He died in 1619. His son Pierre, born in 1599, was an excellent painter of landscapes, which were distinguished by a most agreeable manner. Admitted as a "franc maitre" at Antwerp, he became one of the burgesses of that town in October, 1631.

Luc Franchoys, the elder, born January, 1574, was admitted to the Gild in 1599. A painter of remarkable talent, he turned to historical subjects, which he produced with great success. In drawing, too, he was most skillful and correct. He died in 1693 and was buried with honors in the church of St. Jean.

His son Pierre, born in 1606, became pupil of Gerard Seghers of Antwerp, where he resided for some time. Afterward he lived in Paris, where his works were eagerly sought and appreciated. He never married, but always surrounded himself with young pupils to the time of his death in 1654.

His younger brother, Luc, was born 1616. He remained with his father, working in his studio until he was admitted to the Gild, when he went to Paris, where he painted portraits of members of the Court, enjoying considerable renown and favor. He returned finally to Malines, where he died in April, 1681.

Frans Hals (The Great), was born either here in Malines, or at Antwerp, in 1584. Accounts differ. His parents were citizens of Malines, at any rate. He had the honor and glory of introducing into Holland the "procede magistral" of Rubens and his school. His works are too well known to need description here. He established himself at Haarlem, where he died in great poverty in 1666. Not even his burial place is now known.



Jean le Saive of Namur, son of Le Saive the Elder, was born in the commencement of the seventeenth century. He painted animals, landscapes, and historical subjects. In the latter genre he is inferior to his father; his color is drier, and his drawing less correct. The date of his death is not recorded.

George Biset, painter-decorator, entered the studio of Michel Coxie (Third) in 1615. He lived throughout his life at Malines, and died 1671.

His son, Charles Emmanuel, born 1633, was an excellent portrait painter, enjoying much appreciation at the Court of France. He became Burgess of Antwerp in 1663, and was elected a Director of the Academy. He died at Breda in 1685.

Martin Verhoeven was elected to the Gild in 1623. He painted flowers and fruit pieces which enjoyed great celebrity.

His brother Jean was known as a portraitist of great ability. In late life he produced some good sculptures.

David Herregouts, born 1603, was elected to the Gild in 1624. Examples of his work are rare. He died at Ruremonde. His son Henri was a pupil of his father. David went to Italy, residing at Rome. After traveling in Germany he returned to Malines, and died at Antwerp at an advanced age.

Jacques de (or Van) Homes, painter in distemper, was a pupil of Gregoire Berincx (Second) and executed much work in "cisele" under the direction of Fayd'herbe. He died in 1674.

Jean Philippe Van Thieleu, born 1618, was an eminent flower and still-life painter, under the guidance of Daniel Zeghers. He was patronized by the King of Spain, and died in 1674.

Ferdinand Elle, born 1631, according to some; in 1612, say other accounts, painter of portraits, went to Paris, where he remained until his death in 1660(?).

Gilles (or Egide) Smeyers, historical painter, was born in 1635, and studied under his father Nicholas, later under Jean Verhoeven. In friendship for his companion and master Luc Franchoys the younger, he finished many of the latter's incompleted works after his death.

His son Jacques, born 1657, was admitted to the Gild in 1688, and died in 1732.

Egide Joseph, natural son of Jacques, born 1694, was an historical painter, as well as a poet. He lived at Dusseldorf for three years. Obliged to support his sick parents, he did a great deal of work. Smeyers had a profound knowledge of the Latin tongue, which he wrote with great fluency and ease, in both poetry and prose. He possessed, too, a working knowledge of French, German, and Italian. His historical works are many. At length, sick and helpless, he was admitted to the hospital of Notre Dame, where he died in 1771. He painted the large portrait of Cardinal Thomas Philippe d'Alsace, Archbishop of Malines.

Daniel Janssens, born in 1636, was a painter-decorator of the first order. He adopted the manner of Jacques de Hornes of whom he was the favorite pupil. After having resided in Antwerp for some years he returned to Malines, where he died in 1682. He it was who designed and constructed the immense triumphal arch for the Jubilee of 1680. This arch is preserved in the Town Hall, and serves to decorate the facade of the "Halles" on the occasion of the Grandes Fetes.

Sebastian Van Aken, born 1648, was pupil of Luc Franchoys the Younger. Later he entered the studio of Charles Maratti in Rome. After painting in Spain and Portugal he returned to Malines, where he died in 1722.

August Casimir Redel, born 1640. This painter of merit became insane from excesses and died in 1687. He was also the author of a life of St. Rombaut (Rombold) and wrote much in verse. He composed an ode on the occasion of the Jubilee of Malines in 1680.

Jacques la Pla, pupil of Jean le Saive, a master painter of Malines in 1673, died in 1678.

Jean Barthelemy Joffroy, born 1669, was historian, painter, and engraver. He died 1740.

Jean Joseph Van Campenhout, designer and engraver. He was designer of the great book of the "Cavalcade of Malines" in 1775.

Antoine Opdebeek, born 1709, author of many paintings of merit, was an untaught genius. Employed in the hospital of St. Hedwige in Malines, he taught himself the art, with success, but never reached the height which would have been his had he had instruction in his youth. He died 1759.

Pierre Antoine Verhulst, born 1751, painter of marines and landscape, which he executed with great delicacy and charm, died 1809.

Matthieu Joseph Charles Hunin, born 1770, was a master engraver, producing many plates after Rubens and other masters. To his talent is also due a great number of original engravings of the Tower of St. Rombold; the interior and exterior of the Cathedral of Antwerp; the Hotels de Villes of Oudenaarde, Brussels and Louvain, etc., etc. He died in 1851.

His son, Pierre Paul Aloys, born 1808, was a genre painter of great taste and renown. His works in which the painting of silk and satin appeared were in great demand. He was professor of the Malines Academy, and in 1848 Leopold I conferred upon him the decoration of the Order of Leopold. He died February 27th, 1855. Many of his paintings have been reproduced in engravings.

Jean Ver Vloet, the doyen of the artists of Malines, died October 27th, 1869, after a long and successful artistic career. One of the founders of the society "Pour l'Encouragement des Beaux Arts" of Malines, he was indefatigable in all art movements of the town. To him was due the success of the magnificent Cavalcades for which Malines has been famous. For fifty years he was the director of the Academy of Design and Painting of his native town.

This ends the list of famous painters of Malines, and so far as I know it is the first and only one in English. Did space permit I might include the architects who made Flanders famous the world over as the cradle of art and architecture.



A Word About the Belgians



A Word About the Belgians

The little country called Belgium, it should be remembered, dates only from 1830, when the existing constitution was prepared and adopted for the nine southern provinces of the ancient Netherlands. The sudden and unexpected revolt against the Dutch in that year has been since styled "a misunderstanding" upon the part of the Belgians, and was brought about by the action of the King, William I, of the house of Orange-Nassau, who attempted ostentatiously to change at once the language and religion of his southern subjects. They were both Roman Catholic and conservative to the last degree, attached to traditional rights and forms and fiercely proud of the ancient separate constitutions of the southern provinces, which could be traced back to the charters of the Baldwins and Wenceslas.

Undoubtedly the French Revolution of 1830, which closed the Monarchy of the Bourbons, hastened the crisis. For the Belgians had no liking for the rule of the House of Orange-Nassau against which they had discontentedly struggled for some years more or less openly. But matters might have gone on thus indefinitely had not the French Revolution furnished ground for hope of support from a people akin in religion and language, as well as race. The smouldering fire of discontent broke into fierce flame on August 25th, 1830, in the city of Brussels, during a performance of the opera "Muette de Portici," when the tenor was singing the inspired words of Massaniello:

"Plutot mourir que rester miserable, Pour un esclave est-il quelque danger? Tombe le joug qui nous accable, Et sous nos coups perisse l'etranger. Amour sacre de la patrie, Rends nous l'audace et la fierte; A mon pays je dois la vie, Il me devra sa liberte!"

The immense audience, roused to patriotic enthusiasm, took up the words of the song and, rushing from the theatre en masse, paraded the streets, attacking the residences of the Dutch ministers, which they sacked and burned.

The few troops in the town were powerless to stem the revolt, which grew until Brussels was entirely in the hands of the revolutionists, who then proceeded to appoint a Council of Government, which prepared the now celebrated Document of Separation.

William sent his son, the Prince of Orange, to treat with the Council, instead of sending a force of soldiers with which the revolt might have been terminated easily, it is claimed. The Prince entered Brussels accompanied only by a half dozen officers as escort. After three days' useless parley, he returned to King William with the "Document of Separation."

The reply of the King to this message was made to the Dutch Chambers ten days later. Denouncing the revolt, he declared that he would never yield to "passion and violence." Orders were then issued to Dutch troops under Prince Frederick of Holland to proceed to Brussels and retake the city. The attack was made upon the four gates of the walled city on September 23rd. The Belgians prepared a trap, cunningly allowing the Dutch soldiers to enter two of the gates and retreating towards the Royal Park facing the Palace. Here they rallied and attacked the troops of William from all sides at once. Joined by a strong body of men from Liege they fought for three days with such ferocity that Prince Frederick was beaten back again and again, until he was forced to retreat at midnight of the third day.

In the battle six hundred Belgian citizens were slain, and to these men, regarded now as the martyrs of the Revolution, a great monument has been erected in the Place des Martyrs, near the trench in which they were buried.

A provisional government was now formed which issued the following notice: "The Belgian provinces, detached by force from Holland, shall form an independent state." Measures were taken to rid the country of the Dutch, who were expelled forcibly across the border.

Envoys to Paris and London presented documents to secure sympathy for the new government, while the fight for independence was still going on fiercely. Waelhern and Berchem, besieged by the Belgian volunteers, soon fell, and the city of Antwerp was occupied by them before the end of October.

Then the Conference of the Five Powers, sitting in London, interposed to force an armistice in order to determinate some understanding and arrangement between the Dutch and the Belgians, since it had become evident that the Netherlands kingdom of 1815 had practically come to an end. By the treaty of London in 1814, and that of Vienna in 1815, Belgium, after a short interregnum of Austrian rule, was incorporated with Holland into the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

In the space of a month then the Belgian patriots had accomplished their task, and on November 18th the National Assembly, convoked, declared as its first act the independence of the Belgians.

It was now necessary to find a head upon which to place the crown. The first choice of the provisional government was the Duc de Nemours, the son of Louis Philippe, but objection was made to him on the ground that his selection would add too much, perhaps, to the power of France, so his candidature was withdrawn.

Choice was fixed finally upon Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, who had but recently declined the throne of Greece by advice of the European diplomats. A resident of England, this Prince, who had espoused Princess Charlotte, the daughter of George IV, was well known as a most clear headed diplomat, a reputation he enjoyed during his whole career.

In his acceptance he said: "Human destiny does not offer a nobler or more useful task than that of being called to found the independence of a nation, and to consolidate its liberties."

The people hailed and received him with great enthusiasm, and on July 21st he was crowned King of the Belgians, with most impressive ceremonies, at Brussels. The Dutch, however, viewed all this with much concern, and at once began hostilities, thinking that the powers would sustain them rather than permit France to occupy Belgium. At once Dutch troops were massed for attack on both Brussels and Louvain. Outnumbered by the Dutch, the badly organized national forces of Belgium met disaster at Hasselt, and, realizing his peril, Leopold besought the French, who were at the frontier, to come to his assistance. Simultaneously with the assault on Louvain, therefore, the French troops arrived at Brussels. Great Britain now entered the fray, threatening to send a fleet of warships to occupy the Scheldt unless King William recalled his army from Belgium. This settled the matter, and the Dutch withdrew. The French likewise returned to their own territory. Jealousy, however, was manifested by Austria, Prussia and Russia toward the new kingdom, and their refusal to receive Leopold's ambassadors was calculated to encourage hope in Holland that the reign of the new monarch was to be limited.

New troubles began for the Belgians, in the presentation of the London Protocol of October 15, 1831, in consequence of a demand that the greater part of Limbourg and Luxembourg be ceded. Not only the Belgians but the Dutch opposed this demand, as well as the conditions of the protocol. And at once King William prepared for armed resistance. Leopold immediately after obtaining votes for the raising of the sum of three millions sterling for war purposes, increased the army to one hundred thousand men.

Now ensued a most critical period for the little kingdom, but both France and England held their shields over it, while Leopold's marriage to the Princess Louise, eldest daughter of King Louis Philippe, gained for it still greater strength in its relations with France.

King William, however, refused stubbornly to recognise the protocol, and retained possession of Antwerp, which he held with a garrison of five thousand soldiers. Antwerp Citadel being the pride of the kingdom, the Belgians, restive under the control of the powers, demanded that both England and France help them at once to recover it, alleging that in case this help was refused, they, with their hundred thousand men, were ready to capture it themselves. So in the month of November the French troops, under Marechal Gerard, laid siege to the Antwerp stronghold, held by General Chasse, who after three weeks' siege capitulated, and the Dutch, rather than have their warships captured, burnt and sank them in the Scheldt.

With the surrender of Antwerp, the French withdrew their army, but the Dutch sullenly refused to recognise the victory until the year 1839, when they withdrew from and dismantled the forts on the Scheldt facing Antwerp.

Naturally the support of the French and English brought about a deep and lasting feeling of gratitude on the part of the Belgians. Louis Philippe said, "Belgium owes her independence and the recovery of her territory to the union of France and England in her cause."

Her independence thus gained and recognised, Belgium turned her attention to the development of the country and its rich natural resources. The Manufactures flourished, her mines of coal and iron became famous throughout the world, and she trod the peaceful path of strict neutrality among the great nations. Passing over the all familiar history of Waterloo, one may quote the saying of M. Northomb: "The Battle of Waterloo opened a new era for Europe, the era of representative government." And this new era was enjoyed by Belgium until the Franco-Prussian War confronted the little country with a fresh crisis, and one fraught with danger. Although her absolute neutrality had been earnestly proclaimed and presented to the powers, it was feared that she might be invaded and be unable to maintain her integrity by her military force.

Leopold promptly mobilized the army and massed it upon the frontier. During and after the battle of Sedan, a large number of both French and German soldiers crossed the border and were interned until the close of the war.... Once more peace descended upon the Belgians, for a fresh treaty prepared by England and signed by both France and Prussia engaged the British Government to declare war upon the power violating its provisions.

After his acceptance of the Crown of Belgium, the Constitution declared the monarchy hereditary in the male line of the family of Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, which consisted of two sons and one daughter. The elder of the sons was born in 1835, and succeeded his father as Leopold II, in 1865. The Austrian Archduchess Marie Henriette became his wife in 1853, and their descendants were one son and three daughters, none of whom is now living. The Salic Law prevailing in Belgium, the history of the female descendants is not of political importance. The only son of Leopold II dying in 1869, the succession passed to the brother of the King, the Count of Flanders, who married Mary, Princess of Hohenzollern, a sister of the King of Roumania.

The death of their son Prince Baldwin in 1891 was held to be a national calamity. This left the nephew of Leopold II, Prince Albert (the present King of Belgium), the heir presumptive to the throne. He married in 1900 the Princess Elizabeth of Bavaria; to them have been born three children, two boys and a girl. Both the King and Queen, the objects of intense devotion on the part of the Belgians, are very simple and democratic in their bearing toward the people. The Queen is a very beautiful woman, and a most devoted wife and mother.... Since the seat of government has been removed to Havre, the Queen divides her time between the little hamlet of La Panne, headquarters of the Belgian army, near the town of Furnes on the dunes of the north sea, and London, where the children are being cared for and educated.... May not one hope that brighter days are in store for this devoted and heroic King and Queen, for the once smiling and fertile land, and for the kindly, gentle, and law abiding Belgian people?[5]

THE END



INDEX

Albert, King of Belgium, 102, 207

Alost, church of St. Martin's, 113, 114 Hotel de Ville, 111

Antwerp, carillon of, 52 cathedral of, 41, 44, 143

Archers of St. Sebastian, 66

Artists of Malines, list of the, 183-195

Aymon, legend of the four sons of, 133-136

Baldwin Bras-de-Fer, 55, 171

Baldwin the Ninth, Count of Flanders, 72, 121

Battle of the Dunes, the, 101

Battle of the Spurs, the, 120, 172

Battle of Waterloo, the, 206

Bayard, the horse, 133-138

Beguinage, the, Courtrai, 121 " " Malines, 23-24 " " Ypres, 82

Bell-founding, process of, 45-48

Berincx, Gregoire, 186 " Gregoire le Jeune, 186, 191

Bethune, Robert of, Count of Flanders, 75, 79

Biset, Charles Emmanuel, 191 " George, 191

Bol, Jean, 188

Bouts, Dierick, 48, 149

Broel Towers, the, Courtrai, 119, 123

Bruges, cathedral of, 41 library, 171

Brussels, cathedral of, 41 Museum of Decorative Arts, 76, 149

Burgundy, House of, 68 " Mary of, 165

Carillons of Antwerp, 52 " of Bruges, 52 " of Ghent, 52 " of Louvain, 52 " of Malines, 52 " of Tournai, 52

Carpreau, Jean, 187

Cathedral of Antwerp, 41 " of Bruges, 41 " of Brussels, 41 " of Ghent, 41 " of Malines, 18-19, 41, 42 " of Ypres, 69, 73

Charlemagne, 134-136

Charles the Bold, 25, 76, 81

Charles the Eleventh, 119

Charles the Fifth, 18, 130, 165

Cloth Hall, the, Ypres, 69, 72-75, 78, 80, 81

Commines, Philip of, 86

Cossiers, I., 24

Coxie, Jean, 185 " Jean Michel, 185 " Michel, 184 " Michel le Jeune, 184 " Michel the Third, 185 " Michel the Fourth, 185 " Raphael, 185

Counts' Chapel, the, Courtrai, 121

Courtrai, the Counts' Chapel, 121 the Hall of the Magistrates, 129 the Town Hall, 129

Cuyp, 36, 102

De Gruyter, Jean, 185

De Hornes, Jacques, 191, 193

Deklerk, 44, 45

De Poindre, Jacques, 187

De Vos, Lambert, 188

Douai, Hotel de Ville, 157, 160

Douai Bible, the, 158

Dyle, the river, 21, 26, 152

Elle, Ferdinand, 192

Franchoys, Luc, 189 " Luc le Jeune, 190, 192, 193 " Pierre, 190

Franco-Prussian War, the, 206

Furnes, Hotel de Ville, 173

Ghent, the carillons of, 52

Gild of St. Luke, the, 181

Gothic architecture, styles of, 90

Great Wars of Flanders, the, 86

Hall of the Magistrates, the, Courtrai, 129

Hals, Frans, 141, 190

Hanseatic League, the, 69

Hanswyk, the Tower of Our Lady of, Malines, 26

Haweis, 41, 43, 49, 50

Hemony, 42, 49

Henry the First, 152

Herregouts, David, 191

Hoogenbergh, Jean, 186

Hotel de Ville of Alost, 111 " " " of Douai, 157, 160 " " " of Furnes, 173 " " " of Louvain, 147, 149 150 " " " of Oudenaarde, 164 " " " of Ypres, 73

Huet, 87, 89

Hunin, Matthieu Joseph Charles, 194 " Pierre Paul Aloys, 194

Hugo, Victor, 52

Ingelrams, Andre, 187 " Corneille, 187

Inghelbrugtorre, Courtrai, 119

Inquisition, the Spanish, 68

Jansenius, Cornelius, Bishop of Ypres, 73, 80

Janssens, Daniel, 193

Joffroy, Jean Barthelemy, 193

Jordaens, 141

Jube, at St. Martin's, Dixmude, 55, 57-59, 62, 79

Keldermans, 17, 18, 130

Knights of the Golden Fleece, 36

Knights Templar, the, 99, 101

La Panne, 74, 207

La Pla, Jacques, 193

Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, King of Belgium, 203, 204, 205

Leopold the Second of Belgium, 207

Le Saive, Jean, 190, 193

Library, the, Bruges, 43, 171 Brussels, 43 Louvain, 43, 49, 150

Lion of Flanders, the, 22, 28

Louis of Maele, 66, 67

Louis of Nevers, 76

Louis Philippe, 203, 205

Louis the Eleventh, 157

Louis the Fourteenth, 158

Louvain, church of St. Peter, 147, 152 carillons of, 52 Hotel de Ville, 149 library, 149

Loyola, Ignatius, 21

Luther, Martin, 21

Lys, the river, 119, 120, 122-123

Malines, carillons of, 52 cathedral of, 18-19, 41, 42 St. Rombauld, 17, 19, 22, 26, 37, 44

Margaret of Artois, 76 " of Austria, statue of, 22 " of Parma, 165 " of York, 25, 76 " the Courageous, the legend of, 150-153

Marguerite of Flanders, 152 " of Savoie, 18

Mary of Burgundy, 165

Matsys, Quentin, 149

Memling, 85, 148, 149

Mercier, Cardinal, Primate of Belgium, 21, 167

Moertens, Thierry, 112

Museum of Decorative Arts, the, Brussels, 76, 149

Mysteries of the Passion, the, 175

Nemours, Duc de, 202

Nieuwerck, Ypres, 70, 73, 77

Notre Dame, the church of, Courtrai, 121

Opdebeek, Antoine, 194

Oudenaarde, church of St. Walburga, 165 " Hotel de Ville, 164 " Town Hall, 17, 165

Philip of Alsace, 119 " of Savoie, 18 " the Second of Spain, 85, 101

Place de la Boucherie, 25

Quesnoy, Jerome due, 24

Redel, August Casimir, 193

Rembrandt, 141

Rubens, 113, 141, 173, 190

Ruskin, 28, 42

St. Martin's, cathedral of, Ypres, 73, 77, 78, 79 " church of, Alost, 113, 114 " church of, Dixmude, 55, 56, 57, 60

St. Mary Bells, in Antwerp cathedral, 44

St. Nicholas, church of, Furnes, 99, 171

St. Peter, church of, Louvain, 147, 152

St. Pierre, tower of, Ypres, 80

St. Rombauld, Malines, chimes of, 19, 22 " " spire of, 17 " " tower of, 26-37, 44

St. Walburga, church of, Oudenaarde, 165, 174-176

St. Winoc, the abbey of, Bergues, 95

Sainte Begga, 23, 121

Salvator Bell, the, 20, 48

Scheldt, the river, 133, 204, 205

Smeyers, Egide Joseph, 192 " Gilles, 192 " Jacques, 192

Snellinck, Jean, 188

Speytorre, the, Courtrai, 119

Stevens, Pierre, 189

Taillebert, d'Urbain, 79

Thierry d'Alsace, 65, 85

Toeput, Louis, 188

Tournai, Town Hall, 52

Tower of the Templars, the, Nieuport, 99, 101

Town Hall of Brussels, 17 " " of Courtrai, 129 " " of Dixmude, 56 " " of Louvain, 17 " " of Oudenaarde, 17 " " of Tournai, 52

Trabukier, Guillaume, 184

Untenhoven, Martin, 78

Van Aken, Sebastian, 193

Van Artevelde, family of, 36 " " Philip, 66, 86

Van Avont, Pierre, 189 " " Rombaut, 189

Van Battele, Baudouin, 183 " " Gautier, 183 " " Jean, 183 " " Jean le Jeune, 183

Van den Gheyn, family of, 20, 33, 42, 44, 45, 158 " " " Mathias, 147 " " " Peter, 48

Van Dyck, 133

Van Eyck, Jean, 79

Van Halter, Catherine, 24

Van Ophem, Jean, 186

Van Orley, Bernard, 184

Van Orshagen, Jean, 183

Van Steynemolen, Zacherie, 184

Van Thieleu, Jean Philippe, 192

Van Valckenborgh, Luc, 188 " " Martin, 189

Van Yleghem, Daniel, 183

Van Yper, Carel, 80

Vauban, 65

Verbeek, Francois, 186 " Hans, 186

Vereeke, 65, 70

Verhaegan, P.J., 150, 153

Verhoeven, Jean, 191 " Martin, 191

Verhulst, Pierre Antoine, 194

Ver Vloet, Jean, 195

Vinckboons, Maur, 184 " Philip, 189

Waghemans, family of, 20

Waterloo, the Battle of, 206

Willems, Marc, 187

William the First of Holland, 199, 201, 204

Ypres, the Beguinage, 82 the cathedral of, 69, 72 the Cloth Hall, 69, 73, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81 the Hotel de Ville, 73

Yser, the river, 55, 62

Zeelstman, 19

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Those who are interested in the subject are referred to C. Lemonnier's "Histoire des Beaux Arts en Belgique" (Brussels, 1881), E. Hessling's "La Sculpture Belge Contemporaire" (Berlin, 1903), Destree's "Renaissance of Sculpture in Belgium," Crowe and Cavalcaselle's "Early Flemish Painters" (1857).

[2] This passion play is described in detail in "Some Old Flemish Towns." (Same author. Moffat, Yard & Co., New York, 1911.)

[3] See "Some Old Flemish Towns."

[4] The list is drawn in part from the "Histoire de la Peinture et de la Sculpture a Malines," par Emmanuel Neefs—Gand, Van der Heeghen, 1876, translated from the manuscripts composed in Latin by the painter Egide Joseph Smeyers, Malines, 1774.

[5] The author refers the reader to "The Constitution of Belgium," J.M. Vincent, Phila., 1898; "Belgium and the Belgians," C. Scudamore, London, 1904; "History of Belgium," D.C. Boulger, London, 1900; "The Story of Belgium," C. Smythe, London, 1902.

THE END