"1. That in all cases of difference which may hereafter unfortunately arise between the contracting parties, they will in the first place have recourse to the mediation of some friendly Power, and that hostilities shall not begin between them until every endeavor to settle their difference by such means shall have proved fruitless.

"2. That if either of the two should at any time be at war with any other Power, no subject or citizen of the other contracting party shall be allowed to take out letters of marque from such Power under pain of being treated and dealt with as a pirate.

"3. That in such case of war between either of the two parties and a third Power, no subject or citizen of the other contracting party shall be allowed to enter into the service naval or military of such third Power.

"4. That in such case of war as aforesaid, neither of the contracting parties shall afford assistance to the enemies of the other by sea or by land, unless war should break out between the two contracting parties themselves after the failure of all endeavors to settle their differences in the manner specified in Article 1."

At the time Lord Palmerston expressed these opinions, we had just closed the Mexican war, with vast acquisition of territory and with a display of military power on distant fields of conquest which surprised European statesmen. Our maritime interests were almost equal to those of the United Kingdom, our prosperity was great, the prestige of the Nation was growing. In the thirteen intervening years between that date and the outbreak of the Southern Rebellion we had grown enormously in wealth, our Pacific possessions had shown an extraordinary production of precious metals, our population had increased more than ten millions. If an alliance with the United States was desirable for England in 1848, it was far more desirable in 1861, and Lord Palmerston being Prime Minister in the latter year, his power to propose and promote it was far greater. Is there any reason that will satisfactorily account for His Lordship's abandonment of this ideal relation of friendship between the two countries except that he saw a speedier way of adding to the power of England by conniving at the destruction of the Union? His change from the policy which he painted in 1848 to that which he acted in 1861 cannot be satisfactorily explained upon any other hypothesis than that he could not resist the temptation to cripple and humiliate the Great Republic.

FIXED POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES.

This brief history of the spirit rather than the events which characterized the foreign relations of the United States during the civil war, has been undertaken with no desire to revive the feelings of burning indignation which they provoked, or to prolong the discussion of the angry questions to which they gave rise. The relations of nations are not and should not be governed by sentiment. The interest and ambition of states, like those of men, will disturb the moral sense and incline to one side or the other the strict balance of impartial justice. New days bring new issues and old passions are unsafe counselors. Twenty years have gone by. England has paid the cost of her mistakes. The Republic of Mexico has seen the fame and the fortunes of the Emperors who sought her conquest sink suddenly—as into the pits which they themselves had digged for their victims—and the Republic of the United States has come out of her long and bitter struggle, so strong that never again will she afford the temptation or the opportunity for unfriendly governments to strike at her National life. Let the past be the past, but let it be the past with all the instruction and the warning of its experience.

The future safety of these continents rests upon the strength and the maintenance of the Union, for had dissolution been possible, events have shown with what small regard the interests or the honor of either of the belligerents would have been treated. It has been taught to the smaller republics that if this strength be shattered they will be the spoil of foreign arms and the dependent provinces again of foreign monarchs. When this contest was over, the day of immaturity had passed and the United States stood before the world a great and permanent Power. That Power can afford to bury all resentments. Tranquil at home, developing its inexhaustible resources with a rapidity and success unknown in history, bound in sincere friendship, and beyond the possibility of a hostile rivalry, with the other republics of the continents, standing midway between Asia and Europe, a Power on the Pacific as well as on the Atlantic, with no temptation to intermeddle in the questions which disturb the Old World, the Republic of the United States desires to live in amicable relation with all peoples, demanding only the abstinence of foreign intervention in the development of that policy which her political creed, her territorial extent, and the close and cordial neighborhood of kindred governments have made the essential rule of her National life.

[NOTE.—In the foregoing chapter the term "piratical" is used without qualification in referring to the Southern cruisers, because it is the word used in the quotations made. It undoubtedly represented the feeling of the country at that time, but in an impartial discussion of the events of the war the word cannot be used with propriety. Our own Courts have found themselves unable to sustain such a conclusion. Looking to the future it is better to rest our objections to the mode of maritime warfare adopted by the Confederacy upon a sound and enduring principle; viz., that the recognition of ocean belligerency, when the belligerent cannot give to his lawful exercise of maritime warfare the guaranty of a prize jurisdiction, is a violation of any just or reasonable system of international law. The Confederacy had the plea of necessity for its course, but the jurisdiction of England for aiding and abetting the practice has not yet been presented.]

[NOTE.—Her Britannic Majesty's principal ministers of State in 1861-2,—at the time of the correspondence touching the Trent affair, referred to in the preceding chapter,—were as follows:—

Premier—Lord Palmerston. Lord High Chancellor—Lord Westbury. Lord President of the Council—Earl Granville. Lord Privy Seal—The Duke of Argyll. Secretary for Foreign Affairs—Lord John Russell. Secretary for the Colonies—The Duke of Newcastle. Secretary for the Home Department—Sir George Gray. Secretary of State for War—Sir G. C. Lewis. Secretary of State for India—Sir Charles Wood. Chancellor of the Exchequer—Rt. Honorable W. E. Gladstone. Secretary for Ireland—Rt. Honorable Edward Cardwell. Postmaster-General—Lord Stanley of Alderney. President Board of Trade—Rt. Honorable Charles Pelham Villiers.

The same Ministry, with unimportant changes, continued in power throughout the whole period of the Rebellion in the United States.]

ADDENDUM.

The Tenth chapter of this volume having been given to the press in advance of formal publication, many inquiries have been received in regard to the text of Judge Black's opinion of November 20, 1860, referred to on pp. 231, 232. The opinion was submitted to the President by Judge Black as Attorney-General. So much of the opinion as includes the points which are specially controverted and criticized is here given—about one-half of the entire document. It is as follows:—

. . . "I come now to the point in your letter which is probably of the greatest practical importance. By the Act of 1807 you may employ such parts of the land and naval forces as you may judge necessary for the purpose of causing the laws to be duly executed, in all cases where it is lawful to use the militia for the same purpose. By the Act of 1795 the militia may be called forth 'whenever the laws of the United States shall be opposed, or the execution thereof obstructed, in any State by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of Judicial proceedings, or by the power vested in the marshals.' This imposes upon the President the sole responsibility of deciding whether the exigency has arisen which requires the use of military force, and in proportion to the magnitude of that responsibility will be the care not to overstep the limits of his legal and just authority.

"The laws referred to in the Act of 1795 are manifestly those which are administered by the judges, and executed by the ministerial officers of the courts for the punishment of crime against the United States, for the protection of rights claimed under the Federal Constitution and laws, and for the enforcement of such obligations as come within the cognizance of the Federal Judiciary. To compel obedience to these laws, the courts have authority to punish all who obstruct their regular administration, and the marshals and their deputies have the same powers as sheriffs and their deputies in the several States in executing the laws of the States. These are the ordinary means provided for the execution of the laws; and the whole spirit of our system is opposed to the employment of any other, except in cases of extreme necessity arising out of great and unusual combinations against them. Their agency must continue to be used until their incapacity to cope with the power opposed to them shall be plainly demonstrated. It is only upon clear evidence to that effect that a military force can be called into the field. Even then its operations must be purely defensive. It can suppress only such combinations as are found directly opposing the laws and obstructing the execution thereof. It can do no more than what might and ought to be done by a civil posse, if a civil posse could be raised large enough to meet the same opposition. On such occasions, especially, the military power must be kept in strict subordination to the civil authority, since it is only in aid of the latter that the former can act at all.

"But what if the feeling in any State against the United States should become so universal that the Federal officers themselves (including judges, district attorneys, and marshals) would be reached by the same influences, and resign their places? Of course, the first step would be to appoint others in their stead, if others could be got to serve. But in such an event, it is more than probable that great difficulty would be found in filling the offices. We can easily conceive how it might become altogether impossible. We are therefore obliged to consider what can be done in case we have no courts to issue judicial process, and no ministerial officers to execute it. In that event troops would certainly be out of place, and their use wholly illegal. If they are sent to aid the courts and marshals, there must be courts and marshals to be aided. Without the exercise of those functions which belong exclusively to the civil service, the laws cannot be executed in any event, no matter what may be the physical strength which the Government has at its command. Under such circumstances, to send a military force into any State, with orders to act against the people, would be simply making war upon them.

"The existing laws put and keep the Federal Government strictly on the defensive. You can use force only to repel an assault on the public property and aid the Courts in the performance of their duty. If the means given you to collect the revenue and execute the other laws be insufficient for that purpose, Congress may extend and make them more effectual to those ends.

"If one of the States should declare her independence, your action cannot depend upon the righteousness of the cause upon which such declaration is based. Whether the retirement of the State from the Union be the exercise of a right reserved in the Constitution, or a revolutionary movement, it is certain that you have not in either case the authority to recognize her independence or to absolve her from her Federal obligations. Congress, or the other States in Convention assembled, must take such measures as may be necessary and proper. In such an event, I see no course for you but to go straight onward in the path you have hitherto trodden— that is, execute the laws to the extent of the defensive means placed in your hands, and act generally upon the assumption that the present constitutional relations between the States and the Federal Government continue to exist, until a new code of things shall be established either by law or force.

"Whether Congress has the constitutional right to make war against one or more States, and require the Executive of the Federal Government to carry it on by means of force to be drawn from the other States, is a question for Congress itself to consider. It must be admitted that no such power is expressly given; nor are there any words in the Constitution which imply it. Among the powers enumerated in Article 1, Section 8, is that 'to declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and to make rules concerning captures on land and water.' This certainly means nothing more than the power to commence and carry on hostilities against the foreign enemies of the nation. Another clause in the same section gives Congress the power 'to provide for calling forth the militia,' and to use them within the limits of the State. But this power is so restricted by the words which immediately follow that it can be exercised only for one of the following purposes: 1. To execute the laws of the Union; that is, to aid the Federal officers in the performance of their regular duties. 2. To suppress insurrection against the State; but this is confined by Article 4, Section 4, to cases in which the State herself shall apply for assistance against her own people. 3. To repel the invasion of a State by enemies who come from abroad to assail her in her own territory. All these provisions are made to protect the States, not to authorize an attack by one part of the country upon another; to preserve the peace, and not to plunge them into civil war. Our forefathers do not seem to have thought that war was calculated 'to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity.' There was undoubtedly a strong and universal conviction among the men who framed and ratified the Constitution, that military force would not only be useless, but pernicious, as a means of holding the States together.

"If it be true that war cannot be declared, nor a system of general hostilities carried on by the Central Government against a State, then it seems to follow that an attempt to do so would be ipso facto an expulsion of such State from the Union. Being treated as an alien and an enemy, she would be compelled to act accordingly. And if Congress shall break up the present Union by unconstitutionally putting strife and enmity and armed hostility between different sections of the country, instead of the domestic tranquility which the Constitution was meant to insure, will not all the States be absolved from their Federal obligations? Is any portion of the people bound to contribute their money or their blood to carry on a contest like that?

"The right of the General Government to preserve itself in its whole constitutional vigor by repelling a direct and positive aggression upon its property or its officers cannot be denied. But this is a totally different thing from an offensive war to punish the people for the political misdeeds of their State Government, or to enforce an acknowledgment that the Government of the United States is supreme. The States are colleagues of one another, and if some of them shall conquer the rest, and hold them as subjugated provinces, it would totally destroy the whole theory upon which they are now connected.

"If this view of the subject be correct, as I think it is, then the Union must utterly perish at the moment when Congress shall arm one part of the people against another for any purpose beyond that of merely protecting the General Government in the exercise of its proper constitutional functions.

"I am, very respectfully, yours, etc.,

"J. S. BLACK."

ERRATUM.

In Chapter VIII., there is some inaccuracy in regard to the number of killed in the John Brown raid at Harper's Ferry. According to the official report of Colonel Robert E. Lee, U.S.A., who commanded the military force that relieved Harper's Ferry, the insurgents numbered in all nineteen men,—fourteen white, five colored. Of the white men, ten were killed; two, John Brown and Aaron C. Stevens, were badly wounded; Edwin Coppee, unhurt, was taken prisoner; John E. Cooke escaped. Of the colored men, two were killed, two taken prisoner, one unaccounted for.

THE APPENDICES.

The progress of the country, referred to so frequently in the text, is strikingly illustrated and verified by the facts contained in the several appendices which follow.

The appendices include a variety of subjects, and they have all been selected with the view of showing the progress and development of the Nation in the different fields of enterprise and human labor.

The tabular statements as to the population and wealth of the country will be found especially accurate and valuable. The statistics relating to Education and the Public Schools, to Agriculture, to Railways, to Immigration, to the Army, to Shipping, to the Coal and Iron Product, to National and State Banks, to the Circulation of Paper Money, to the price of Gold, and to the Public Debt, will be found full of interest.

Thanks are due and are cordially given to Mr. Joseph Nimmo, Jr., Chief of the Bureau of Statistics, and Mr. Charles W. Seaton, Superintendent of the Census, for valuable aid rendered in the preparation of the appendices.

For courtesies constantly extended, and for most intelligent and discriminating aid of various kinds, the sincerest acknowledgments are made to Mr. Ainsworth R. Spofford, the accomplished Librarian of Congress.

APPENDIX A. POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES AT EACH CENSUS, FROM 1790 TO 1880 INCLUSIVE. [From the Reports of the Superintendents of the Census.]

STATES AND STATES AND TERRITORIES. 1880. 1870. 1860. 1850. 1840. 1830. 1820. 1810. 1800. 1790. TERRITORIES.

Alabama . . . . . . 1,262,505 996,992 964,201 771,623 590,756 309,527 127,901 . . . . . . . . . . Alabama. Arkansas . . . . . . 802,525 484,471 435,450 209,897 97,574 30,388 { *18} . . . . . . . . . . Arkansas. { 14,255} California . . . . . 864,694 560,247 379,994 92,597 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California. Colorado . . . . . . 194,327 39,864 34,277 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado. Connecticut . . . . 622,700 537,454 460,147 370,792 309,978 297,675 { *100} 261,942 251,002 237,946 . Connecticut. { 275,148} Delaware . . . . . . 146,608 125,015 112,216 91,532 78,085 76,748 72,749 72,674 64,273 59,006 . Delaware. Florida . . . . . . 269,493 187,748 140,424 87,445 54,477 34,730 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Florida. Georgia . . . . . . 1,542,180 1,184,109 1,057,286 906,185 691,392 516,823 340,985 252,433 162,686 82,548 . Georgia. Illinois . . . . . . 3,077,871 2,539,891 1,711,951 851,470 476,183 157,445 55,162 12,282 . . . . . . . Illinois. Indiana . . . . . . 1,978,301 1,680,637 1,350,428 988,416 685,866 343,031 147,178 24,520 5,641 . . . . Indiana. Iowa . . . . . . . . 1,624,615 1,194,020 674,913 192,214 43,112 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa. Kansas . . . . . . . 996,096 364,399 107,206 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas. Kentucky . . . . . . 1,648,690 1,321,011 1,155,684 982,405 779,828 687,917 { *182} 406,511 220.955 73,677 . Kentucky. { 564,135} Louisiana . . . . . 939,946 726,915 708,002 517,762 352,411 215,739 { *484} 76,556 . . . . . . . Louisiana. { 152,923} Maine . . . . . . . 648,936 626,915 628,279 583,169 501,793 399,455 { *66} 228,705 151,719 96,540 . Maine. { 298,269} Maryland . . . . . . 934,943 780.894 687,049 583,034 470,019 447,040 407,350 380,546 341,548 319,728 . Maryland. Massachusetts . . . 1,783,085 1,457,351 1,231,066 994,514 737,699 610,408 { *128} 472,040 422,845 378,787 . Massachusetts. { 523,159} Michigan . . . . . . 1,636,937 1,184,059 749,113 397,654 212,267 31,639 { *131} 4,762 . . . . . . . Michigan. { 8,765} Minnesota . . . . . 780,773 439,706 172,023 6,077 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minnesota. Mississippi . . . . 1,131,597 827,922 791,305 606,526 375,651 136,621 75,448 40,352 8,850 . . . . Mississippi. Missouri . . . . . . 2,168,380 1,721,295 1,182,012 682,044 383,702 140,455 { *29} 20,845 . . . . . . . Missouri. { 66,557} Nebraska . . . . . . 452,402 122,993 28,841 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska. Nevada . . . . . . . 62,266 42,491 6,857 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nevada. New Hampshire . . . 346,991 318,300 326,073 317,976 284,574 269,328 { *139} 214,460 183,858 141,885 . New Hampshire. { 244,022} New Jersey . . . . . 1,131,116 906,096 672,035 489,555 373,306 320,823 { *149} 245,562 211,149 184,139 . New Jersey. { 277,426} New York . . . . . . 5,082,871 4,382,759 3,880,735 3,097,394 2,428,921 1,918,008 { *701} 949,059 589,051 340,120 . New York. {1,372,111} North Carolina . . . 1,399,750 1,071,361 922,622 869,039 753,419 737,987 638,829 555,500 478,103 393,751 . North Carolina. Ohio . . . . . . . . 3,198,062 2,665,260 2,339,511 1,980,329 1,519,467 937,903 { *139} 230,760 45,365 . . . . Ohio. { 581,295} Oregon . . . . . . . 174,768 90,923 52,465 13,294 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon. Pennsylvania . . . . 4,282,891 3,521,951 2,906,215 2,311,786 1,724,033 1,348,233 { *1,951} 810,001 602,365 434,373 . Pennsylvania. {1,047,507} Rhode Island . . . . 276,531 217,353 174,620 147,545 108,830 97,129 { *44} 76,931 69,122 68,825 . Rhode Island. { 83,105} South Carolina . . . 995,577 705,606 703,708 688,507 594,398 581,185 502,741 415,115 345,591 249,073 . South Carolina. Tennessee . . . . . 1,542,359 1,258,520 1,109,801 1,002,717 829,210 681,904 { *52} 261,727 105,602 35,691 . Tennessee. { 422,771} Texas . . . . . . . 1,591,749 818,579 604,215 212,592 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas. Vermont . . . . . . 332,286 330,551 315,098 314,120 291,948 280,652 { *15} 217,895 154,465 85,425 . Vermont. { 235,966} Virginia . . . . . . 1,512,565 1,225,163 1,956,318 1,421,661 1,239,797 1,211,405 { *250} 974,600 880,200 747,610 . Virginia. {1,065,116} West Virginia . . . 618,457 442,014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West Virginia. Wisconsin . . . . . 1,315,497 1,054,670 755,881 305,391 30,945 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wisconsin.

Total, States . . 49,371,340 38,115,641 31,183,744 23,067,262 17,019,641 12,820,868 { *4,631} 7,215,858 5,294,390 . . . . . Total, States. {9,600,783}

Arizona . . . . . . 40,440 9,658 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arizona. Dakota . . . . . . . 135,177 14,181 4,837 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dakota. District of Columbia 117,624 131,700 75,080 51,687 43,712 39,834 33,039 24,023 14,003 . . . . District of Columbia. Idaho . . . . . . . 32,610 14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Idaho. Montana . . . . . . 39,159 20,595 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana. New Mexico . . . . . 119,565 91,874 93,516 61,547 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Mexico. Utah . . . . . . . . 143,963 86,786 40,273 11,380 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah. Washington . . . . . 75,116 23,955 11,594 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington. Wyoming . . . . . . 20,789 9,118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wyoming.

Total, Territories 784,443 443,730 259,577 124,614 43,712 39,834 33,039 24,023 14,093 . . . . . Total, Territories.

On the public ships . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,100 5,318 . . . . . . . . . . . . . On the public ships. In U. S. Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4,631 . . . . . . . . . . In U. S. Service.

Total, U. S. . . . 50,155,783 38,558,371 31,443,321 23,191,876 17,069,453 12,866,020 9,633,832 7,239,881 5,308,483 3,929,214 . . Total, U. S.

* All other persons, except Indians, not taxed.

APPENDIX B.

APPORTIONMENT AMONG THE STATES OF REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS AFTER EACH CENSUS.

Admitted By Cons- By 1st By 2nd By 3d By 4th By 5th By 6th By 7th By 8th By 9th By 10th STATES. to the titution, Census, Census Census, Census, Census, Census, Census, Census, Census, Census, Union. 1789. 1790. 1800. 1810. 1820. 1830. 1840. 1850. 1860. 1870. 1880. RATIO OF REPRESENTATION . . . . 30,000. 33,000. 33,000. 35,000. 40,000. 47,700. 70,680. 93,423. 127,381. 131,425. 154,325.

Alabama . . . . . . . . 1819 . . . . . . . . 3 5 7 7 6 8 8 Arkansas . . . . . . . . 1836 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3 4 5 California . . . . . . . 1850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 4 6 Colorado . . . . . . . . 1876 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Connecticut . . . . . . . —— 5 7 7 7 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 Delaware . . . . . . . . —— 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Florida . . . . . . . . 1845 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 2 Georgia . . . . . . . . —— 3 2 4 6 7 9 8 8 7 9 10 Illinois . . . . . . . . 1818 . . . . . . . . 1 3 7 9 14 19 20 Indiana . . . . . . . . 1816 . . . . . . . . 3 7 10 11 11 13 13 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 1846 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 9 11 Kansas . . . . . . . . . 1861 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 7 Kentucky . . . . . . . . 1792 . . 2 6 10 12 13 10 10 9 10 11 Louisiana . . . . . . . 1812 . . . . . . . . 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 Maine . . . . . . . . . 1820 . . . . . . . . 7 8 7 6 5 5 4 Maryland . . . . . . . . —— 6 8 9 9 9 8 6 6 5 6 6 Massachusetts . . . . . . —— 8 14 17 20 13 12 10 11 10 11 12 Michigan . . . . . . . . 1837 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 6 9 11 Minnesota . . . . . . . . 1858 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 3 5 Mississippi . . . . . . . 1817 . . . . . . . . 1 2 4 5 5 6 7 Missouri . . . . . . . . 1821 . . . . . . . . 1 2 5 7 9 13 14 Nebraska . . . . . . . . 1867 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 3 Nevada . . . . . . . . . 1864 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 New Hampshire . . . . . . —— 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 3 3 2 New Jersey . . . . . . . —— 4 5 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 7 7 New York . . . . . . . . —— 6 10 17 27 34 40 34 33 31 33 34 North Carolina . . . . . —— 5 10 12 13 13 13 9 8 7 8 9 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . 1802 . . . . . . 6 14 19 21 21 19 20 21 Oregon . . . . . . . . . 1859 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 Pennsylvania . . . . . . —— 8 13 18 23 26 28 24 25 24 27 28 Rhode Island . . . . . . —— 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 South Carolina . . . . . —— 5 6 8 9 9 9 7 6 4 5 7 Tennessee . . . . . . . 1796 . . . . 3 6 9 13 11 10 8 10 10 Texas . . . . . . . . . 1845 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 6 11 Vermont . . . . . . . . 1791 . . 2 4 6 5 5 4 3 3 3 2 Virgina . . . . . . . . —— 10 19 23 23 22 21 15 13 11 9 10 West Virginia . . . . . 1863 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 Wisconsin . . . . . . . 1848 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 8 9

65 105 141 181 213 240 223 237 293 293 325

APPENDIX C.

PUBLIC DEBT OF THE UNITED STATES, 1791-1883.

Statement of the Outstanding Principal of the Public Debt of the United States on the 1st of January of each Year from 1791 to 1842 inclusive; and on the 1st of July of each Year from 1843 to 1883 inclusive.

The amount given for the year 1791 represents the debt of the Revolution under the Funding Bill of Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury. The debt had decreased to a considerable extent by the year 1812. In consequence of the war with Great Britain, which began that year, there was a rapid increase, the maximum being reached in 1816. Thenceforward, with the exception of the years 1822, 1823, and 1824,—a period of extreme financial depression,—the debt was steadily decreased, until in the year 1835, under the Presidency of General Jackson, it was extinguished,—the total amount outstanding being only $37,000 in bonds which were not presented for payment. The creation of a new debt, however, began at once, and was increased in the years 1847, 1848, and 1849 by the Mexican war. This, in turn, was quite steadily reduced until the financial panic of 1857, when, during the administration of Mr. Buchanan, there was another incease. The debt was about eighty millions of dollars in amount when the civil war began.

Year. Amount. Year. Amount. Year. Amount. Year. Amount. 1791 $75,463,476.52 1815 $ 99,833,660.15 1839 $ 3,573,343.82 1863 $1,119,772,138.63 1792 77,227,924.66 1816 127,334,933.74 1840 5,270,875.54 1864 1,815,784,370.57 1793 80,352,634,04 1817 123,491,965.16 1841 13,594,480.73 1865 2,680,647,869.74 1794 78,427,404.77 1818 103,466,633.83 1842 20,601,226.28 1866 2,773,236,173.69 1795 80,747,587,39 1819 95,529,648.28 1843 32,742,922.00 1867 2,678,126,103.87 1796 83,762,172.07 1820 91,015,566.15 1844 23,461,652.50 1868 2,611,687,851.19 1797 82,064,479.33 1821 89,987,427.66 1845 15,925,303.01 1869 2,588,452,213.94 1798 79,228,529.12 1822 93,546,676.98 1846 15,550,202.97 1870 2,480,672,427.81 1799 78,408,669.77 1823 90,875,877.28 1847 38,826,534.77 1871 2,353,211,332,32 1800 82,976,294.35 1824 90,269,777.77 1848 47,044,862.23 1872 2,253,251,328.78 1801 83,038,050,80 1825 83,788,432.71 1849 63,061,858.69 1873 2,234,482,993.20 1802 86,712,632.25 1826 81,054,059.99 1850 63,452,773.55 1874 2,251,690,468.43 1803 77,054,686.30 1827 73,987,357.20 1851 68,304,796.02 1875 2,232,284,531.95 1804 86,427,120.88 1828 67,475,043.87 1852 66,199,341.71 1876 2,180,395,067.15 1805 82,312,150.50 1829 58,421,413.67 1853 59,803,117.70 1877 2,205,301,392.10 1806 75,723,270.66 1830 48,565,406.50 1854 42,242,222.42 1878 2,256,205,892.53 1807 69,218.398.64 1831 39,123,191.68 1855 35,586,858.56 1879 2,245,495,072.04 1808 65,196,317.97 1832 24,322,235,18 1856 31,972,537.90 1880 2,120,415,370.63 1809 57,023,192.09 1833 7,001,698.83 1857 28,699,831.85 1881 2,069,013,569.58 1810 53,173,217.52 1834 4,760,082.08 1858 44,911,881.03 1882 1,918,312,994.03 1811 48,005,587.76 1835 37,513.05 1859 58,496,837.88 1883 1,884,171,728.07 1812 45,209,737.90 1836 336,957.83 1860 64,842,287.88 1813 55,962,827.57 1837 3,308,124.07 1861 90,580,873.72 1814 81,487,846.24 1838 10,434,221.14 1862 524,176,412.13

APPENDIX D.

Showing the Highest and Lowest Price of Gold in the New-York Market every Month, from the Suspension of Specie Payment by the Government in January, 1862, until Resumption in January, 1879, a Period of Seventeen Years. 1862. 1863. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. MONTH. Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest January . . . 103-5/8 100 160-3/4 133-5/8 159-3/8 151-1/2 233-3/4 198-1/8 144-5/8 129 137-7/8 132 February . . . 104-3/4 102-1/8 172-1/2 152-1/2 161 157-1/4 216-1/2 196-5/8 140-5/8 135-7/8 140-1/2 135-1/4 March . . . . 102-3/8 101-1/4 171-3/4 139 169-3/4 159 201 148-1/4 136-1/2 125 140-3/8 133-3/8 April . . . . 102-1/4 101 157-7/8 145-1/2 184-3/4 166-1/4 153-5/8 144 129-5/8 125-1/2 142 132-3/8 May . . . . . 104-1/8 102-1/8 154-3/4 143-1/2 190 168 145-3/8 128-5/8 141-1/2 125-1/8 138-7/8 134-7/8 June . . . . . 109-1/2 103-3/8 148-3/8 140-1/2 250 193 147-3/8 135-7/8 167-3/4 137-5/8 138-3/4 136-1/2 July . . . . . 120-1/8 108-3/4 145 123-1/4 285 222 146 138-3/4 155-3/4 147 140-5/8 138 August . . . . 116-1/4 112-1/2 129-3/4 122-1/8 259-1/2 231-1/2 145-3/8 140-1/4 152-1/4 146-1/2 142-3/8 139-7/8 September . . 124 116-1/2 143-1/8 126-7/8 254-1/2 191 145 142-5/8 147-1/8 143-1/4 146-3/8 141 October . . . 133-1/2 122 156-3/4 140-3/8 227-3/4 189 149 144-1/8 154-3/8 145-1/2 145-5/8 140-1/4 November . . . 133-1/4 129 154 143 260 210 148-3/4 145-7/8 148-5/8 137-1/2 141-1/2 138-1/8 December . . . 134 128-1/2 152-3/4 148-1/2 243 212-3/4 148-1/2 144-5/8 141-3/4 131-1/4 137-7/8 133

1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. MONTH. Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest January . . . 141-7/8 133-1/4 136-5/8 134-5/8 123-1/4 119-3/8 111-1/4 110-1/2 110-1/8 108-1/2 114-1/4 111-5/8 February . . . 144 139-5/8 136-1/4 130-7/8 121-1/2 115 112-1/2 110-3/4 111 109-1/2 115-7/8 112-7/8 March . . . . 141-3/8 137-7/8 132-1/4 130-7/8 116-3/8 110-1/4 112 110-1/8 110-5/8 109-3/4 118-1/2 114-5/8 April . . . . 140-3/8 137-3/4 134-3/8 131-1/4 115-5/8 111-1/2 111-1/4 110-1/8 110-5/8 109-3/4 118-1/2 114-5/8 May . . . . . 140-1/2 139-1/8 144-7/8 134-5/8 115-1/2 113-3/4 112-1/4 111 114-3/4 112-1/8 118-5/8 116-5/8 June . . . . . 141-1/2 139-1/8 139-5/8 136-1/2 114-3/4 110-7/8 113-1/8 111-3/4 114-3/4 113 118-1/4 115 July . . . . . 145-1/4 140-1/8 137-7/8 134 122-3/4 111-1/8 113-1/4 111-3/4 115-1/4 113-1/2 116-3/8 115 August . . . . 150 143-1/2 136-5/8 131-1/4 122 114-3/4 113-1/8 111-5/8 115-5/8 112-1/8 116-1/4 114-3/8 September . . 145-1/8 141-1/8 162-1/2 130-5/8 116-3/4 113 115-1/8 112-1/4 115-1/8 112-5/8 116-1/8 110-7/8 October . . . 140-3/8 133-3/4 132 128-1/8 114-1/4 111-1/8 115 111-1/2 115-1/4 112-1/4 111-1/4 107-5/8 November . . . 137 132-1/8 128-5/8 121-1/2 113-1/4 110 112-5/8 110-1/2 114-1/4 111-3/8 110-1/2 106-1/8 December . . . 136-3/4 134-1/2 124 119-1/2 111-1/4 110-1/2 110-3/8 108-1/2 113-3/8 111-1/8 112-5/8 108-3/8

1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. MONTH. Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest January . . . 112-1/8 110-1/8 113-3/8 111-3/4 113-1/4 112-1/2 107-1/8 105-1/4 102-7/8 101-1/4 February . . . 113 111-3/8 115-3/8 113-1/4 114-1/8 112/3-4 106-1/8 104-5/8 102-3/8 101-5/8 March . . . . 113-5/8 111-1/4 117 114 115 113-3/4 105-3/8 104-1/4 102 100-3/4 April . . . . 114-3/8 111-3/4 115-1/2 114 113-7/8 112-1/2 107-7/8 104-3/4 101-1/4 100-1/8 May . . . . . 113-1/8 111-7/8 116-3/8 115 113-1/4 112-1/4 107-3/8 106-1/4 101-1/4 100-3/8 June . . . . . 112-1/4 110-1/2 117-1/2 116-1/4 113 111-7/8 106-3/8 104-3/4 101 100-5/8 July . . . . . 110-7/8 109 117-1/4 111-3/4 112-1/2 111-3/8 106-1/8 105-1/8 101-1/2 100-3/8 August . . . . 110-1/4 109-1/4 114-3/4 112-5/8 112-1/8 109-3/8 105-1/2 103-7/8 100-3/4 100-1/2 September . . 110-1/4 109-3/8 117-3/8 113-3/4 110-3/8 109-1/4 104 102-7/8 100-1/2 100-1/8 October . . . 110-3/8 109-3/4 117-5/8 114-1/2 113-1/4 108-7/8 103-3/8 102-1/2 101-3/8 100-1/4 November . . . 112-3/8 110 116-3/8 114-1/8 110-1/8 108-1/8 103-3/8 102-1/2 100-1/2 100-1/8 December . . . 112-3/8 110-1/2 115-1/4 112-1/8 109 107 103-3/8 102-1/2 100-1/2 100

Table showing the Total Amount of Gold and Silver Coin issued from the Mints of the United States in each Decennial Period since 1790.

Period. Gold. Silver. Period. Gold. Silver. 1793-1800 . . $ 1,014,290.00 $ 1,440,454.75 1851-1860 . . $330,237,085.50 $ 46,582,183.00 1801-1810 . . 3,250,742.50 3,569,165.25 1861-1870 . . 292,409,545.50 13,188,601.90 1811-1820 . . 3,166,510.00 5,970,810.95 1871-1880 . . 393,125,751.00 155,123,087.10 1821-1830 . . 1,903,092.50 16,781,046.95 1881-1883 . . 204,076,239.00 84,268,825.65 1831-1840 . . 18,756,487.50 27,309,957.00 1841-1850 . . 89,239,817.50 22,368,130.00 Total . . .$1,337,179,561.00 $376,602,262.55

APPENDIX E.

The following statement exhibits the total valuation of real and personal estate in the United States, according to the Census Returns of 1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880.

Both the "true" and the "assessed" valuation are given, except in 1850, which gives only the "true." The dispartiy between the actual propery and that which is assessed for taxation is very striking.

The effect of the war and the consequent abolition of slavery on the valuation of property in the Southern States is clearly shown by the figures.

In all comparisons of value between the different periods, it must be borne in mind, that, in 1870, gold was at an average premium of 25.3 per cent. To equate the valuation with those of other years, there must be a reduction of one-fifth on the reported valuation of 1870, both "true" and "assessed."

The four periods exhibit a more rapid accumulation of wealth in the United States than was ever known before in the history of the world.

STATES 1850. 1860. 1870. 1880. STATES AND Assessed Assessed Assessed AND TERRITORIES. True Value. Value. True Value. Value. True Value. Value. True Value. TERRITORIES.

Alabama . . . . . . . . . $228,204,332 $432,198,762 $495,237,078 $155,582,595 $201,835,841 $122,867,228 $428,000,000 . . Alabama. Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,410,295 3,440,791 9,270,214 41,000,000 . . Arizona. Arkansas . . . . . . . . 39,841,025 180,211,330 219,256,473 94,528,843 156,394,691 86,409,364 286,000,000 . . Arkansas. California . . . . . . . 22,161,872 139,654,667 207,874,613 269,644,068 638,767,017 584,578,036 1,343,000,000 . . California. Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,338,101 20,243,303 74,471,693 240,000,000 . . Colorado. Connecticut . . . . . . . 155,707,980 341,256,976 444,274,114 425,433,237 774,631,524 327,177,385 799,000,000 . . Connecticut. Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,924,489 5,599,752 20,321,530 118,000,000 . . Dakota. Delaware . . . . . . . . 21,062,556 39,767,233 46,242,181 64,787,223 97,180,833 59,951,643 130,000,000 . . Delaware. District of Columbia . . 14,018,874 41,084,945 41,084,945 74,271,693 126,873,618 99,401,787 220,000,000 . . District of Columbia. Florida . . . . . . . . . 22,862,270 68,929,685 73,101,500 32,480,843 44,163,655 30,938,309 120,000,000 . . Florida. Georgia . . . . . . . . . 335,425,714 618,232,387 645,895,237 227,219,519 268,169,207 239,472,599 606,000,000 . . Georgia. Idaho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,292,205 6,552,081 6,440,876 29,000,000 . . Idaho. Illinois . . . . . . . . 156,265,006 389,207,372 871,860,282 482,899,575 2,121,680,579 786,616,394 3,210,000,000 . . Illinois. Indiana . . . . . . . . . 202,650,264 411,042,424 528,835,371 663,455,044 1,268,180,543 727,815,131 1,681,000,000 . . Indiana. Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 23,714,638 205,168,983 247,338,265 302,515,418 717,644,750 398,671,251 1,721,000,000 . . Iowa. Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,518,232 31,327,895 92,125,861 188,892,014 160,891,689 700,000,000 . . Kansas. Kentucky . . . . . . . . 301,628,456 528,212,693 666,043,112 409,544,294 604,318,552 350,563,971 902,000,000 . . Kentucky. Louisiana . . . . . . . . 233,998,764 435,787,265 602,118,568 253,371,890 323,125,666 160,162,439 382,000,000 . . Louisiana. Maine . . . . . . . . . . 122,777,571 154,380,388 190,211,600 204,253,780 348,155,671 235,978,716 511,000,000 . . Maine. Maryland . . . . . . . . 219,217,364 297,135,238 376,919,944 423,834,918 643,748,976 497,307,675 837,000,000 . . Maryland. Massachusetts . . . . . . 573,342,286 777,157,816 815,237,433 1,591,983,112 2,132,148,741 1,584,756,802 2,623,000,000 . . Masschusetts. Michigan . . . . . . . . 59,787,255 163,533,005 257,163,983 272,242,917 719,208,118 517,666,359 1,580,000,000 . . Michigan. Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . 32,018,773 52,294,413 84,135,322 228,909,590 258,028,687 792,000,000 . . Minnesota. Mississippi . . . . . . . 228,951,130 509,472,912 607,324,911 177,278,800 209,197,345 110,628,129 354,000,000 . . Mississippi. Missouri . . . . . . . . 137,247,707 266,935,851 501,214,398 556,129,969 1,284,922,897 532,795,801 1,562,000,000 . . Missouri. Montana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,943,411 15,184,522 18,609,802 40,000,000 . . Montana. Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . 7,426,949 9,131,056 54,584,616 69,277,483 90,585,782 385,000,000 . . Nebraska. Nevada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,740,973 31,134,012 29,291,459 156,000,000 . . Nevada. New Hampshire . . . . . . 103,652,835 123,810,809 156,310,860 149,065.290 252,624,112 164,755,181 363,000,000 . . New Hampshire. New Jersey . . . . . . . 200,000,000 296,682,492 467,918,324 624,868,971 940,976,064 572,518,361 1,305,000,000 . . New Jersey. New Mexico . . . . . . . 5,174,471 20,838,780 20,813,768 17,784,014 31,349,793 11,363,406 49,000,000 . . New Mexico. New York . . . . . . . . 1,080,309,216 1,390,464,638 1,843,338,517 1,967,001,185 6,500,841,264 2,651,940,006 6,308,000,000 . . New York. North Carolina . . . . . 226,800,472 292,297,602 358,739,399 130,378,622 260,757,244 156,100,202 461,000,000 . . North Carolina. Ohio . . . . . . . . . . 504,726,120 959,867,101 1,193,898,422 1,167,731,697 2,235,430,300 1,534,360,508 3,238,000,000 . . Ohio. Oregon . . . . . . . . . 5,063,474 19,024,915 28,930,637 31,798,510 51,558,932 52,522,084 154,000,000 . . Oregon. Pennsylvania . . . . . . 722,486,120 719,253,335 1,416,501,818 1,313,236,042 3,808,340,112 1,683,459,016 4,942,000,000 . . Pennsylvania. Rhode Island . . . . . . 80,508,794 125,104,305 135,337,588 244,278,854 295,965,646 252,538,673 400,000,000 . . Rhode Island. South Carolina . . . . . 288,257,694 489,319,128 548,138,754 183,913,337 208,146,989 133,560,135 322,000,000 . . South Carolina. Tennessee . . . . . . . . 201,246,686 382,495,200 493,903,892 253,782,161 498,237,724 211,778,538 705,000,000 . . Tennessee. Texas . . . . . . . . . . 52,740,473 267,792,335 365,200,614 149,732,929 159,052,542 340,364,515 825,000,000 . . Texas. Utah . . . . . . . . . . 986,083 4,158,020 5,596,118 12,565,842 16,159,995 24,775,279 114,000,000 . . Utah. Vermont . . . . . . . . . 92,205,049 84,758,619 122,477,170 102,548,528 235,349,553 86,806,775 302,000,000 . . Vermont. Virginia . . . . . . . . 430,701,082 657,021,336 793,249,681 365,439,917 409,588,133 308,455,135 707,000,000 . . Virginia. Washington . . . . . . . . . . 4,394,735 5,601,466 10,642,863 13,562,164 23,810,693 62,000,000 . . Washington. West Virginia . . . . . . included in Virginia 140,538,273 190,651,491 139,622,705 350,000,000 . . West Virginia. Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 42,056,595 185,945,489 273,671,668 333,209,838 702,307,329 438,971,751 1,139,000,000 . . Wisconsin. Wyoming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,516,748 7,016,748 13,621,829 54,000,000 . . Wyoming.

Total for U. S. . . . . $7,135,780,228 $12,084,560,005 $16,159,616,068 $14,178,986,732 $30,068,518,507 $16,902,993,543 $43,642,000,000 . . Total for U. S.

APPENDIX F.

OWNERSHIP AND LOCATION OF PROPERTY.

In the following table, the column headed "Location" gives the valuation of the property located in each State and Territory, by the Census of 1880. The column headed "Ownership" gives the value of property owned by the residents of the several States and Territories, wherever that property may be located. Some interesting results are shown. Residents of New York own thirteen hundred millions of property not located in their State; residents of Pennsylvania, four hundred and fifty millions. Many of the States show a large proportion of their property owned elsewhere. Considerably more than half the property of Nevada is owned outside the State. The whole table presents one of the most interesting deductions of the Census Bureau.

STATES AND Ownership. Location. TERRITORIES.

Alabama . . . . . . $378,000,000 $428,000,000 Arizona . . . . . . 23,000,000 41,000,000 Arkansas . . . . . . 246,000,000 286,000,000 California . . . . . 1,430,000,000 1,343,000,000 Colorado . . . . . . 149,000,000 240,000,000 Connecticut . . . . 852,000,000 779,000,000 Dakota . . . . . . . 68,000,000 118,000,000 Delaware . . . . . . 138,000,000 136,000,000 Dist. of Columbia . 223,000,000 220,000,000 Florida . . . . . . 95,000,000 120,000,000 Georgia . . . . . . 554,000,000 606,000,000 Idaho . . . . . . . 12,000,000 29,000,000 Illinois . . . . . . 3,092,000,000 3,219,000,000 Indiana . . . . . . 1,499,000,000 1,681,000,000 Iowa . . . . . . . . 1,415,000,000 1,721,000,000 Kansas . . . . . . . 575,000,000 760,000,000 Kentucky . . . . . . 880,000,000 902,000,000 Louisiana . . . . . 422,000,000 382,000,000 Maine . . . . . . . 501,000,000 511,000,000 Maryland . . . . . . 869,000,000 837,000,000 Massachusetts . . . 2,795,000,000 2,623,000,000 Michigan . . . . . . 1,370,000,000 1,580,000,000 Minnesota . . . . . 638,000,000 792,000,000 Mississippi . . . . 324,000,000 354,000,000 Missouri . . . . . . 1,530,000,000 1,562,000,000 Montana . . . . . . 29,000,000 40,000,000 Nebraska . . . . . . 200,000,000 385,000,000 Nevada . . . . . . . 69,000,000 156,000,000 New Hampshire . . . 328,000,000 363,000,000 New Jersey . . . . . 1,433,000,000 1,305,000,000 New Mexico . . . . . 30,000,000 49,000,000 New York . . . . . . 7,619,000,000 6,208,000,000 North Carolina . . . 446,000,000 461,000,000 Ohio . . . . . . . . 3,301,000,000 3,238,000,000 Oregon . . . . . . . 126,000,000 154,000,000 Pennsylvania . . . . 5,393,000,000 4,942,000,000 Rhode Island . . . . 420,000,000 400,000,000 South Carolina . . . 296,000,000 322,000,000 Tennessee . . . . . 666,000,000 705,000,000 Texas . . . . . . . 725,000,000 825,000,000 Utah . . . . . . . . 67,000,000 114,000,000 Vermont . . . . . . 289,000,000 302,000,000 Virginia . . . . . . 693,000,000 707,000,000 Washington . . . . . 48,000,000 62,000,000 West Virginia . . . 307,000,000 350,000,000 Wisconsin . . . . . 969,000,000 1,139,000,000 Wyoming . . . . . . 20,000,000 54,000,000

$43,642,000,000 $43,642,000,000

APPENDIX G

The following table exhibits the amount of revenue collected at the Customs Houses on foreign imports each year, from 1789 to 1883, under the various tariff laws; also the amount of internal revenue collected each year, from the foundation of the government to 1883. The separate table gives the amount collected each year under the income-tax while in force, and the total amount received from the tax on spirits and beer for twenty-one years after it was first levied in 1862.

Receipts of the United States from March 4, 1789, to June 30, 1883.

Years. From Customs. From Internal Revenue. 1789-1791 $4,399,473.00 1792 3,443,070.85 $208,942.81 1793 4,255,306.56 337,705.70 1794 4,801,065.28 274,089.62 1795 5,588,461.62 337,755.36 1796 6,567,987.94 475,289.60 1797 7,549,649.65 575,491.45 1798 7,106,061.93 644,357.95 1799 6,610,449,31 779,136.44 1800 9,080,932.78 809,396.55 1801 10,750,778.93 1,048,033.43 1802 12,438,235.74 621,898.89 1803 10,479,417.61 215,179.69 1804 11,098,565.33 50,941.29 1805 12,938,487.04 21,747.15 1806 14,667,698.17 20,101.45 1807 15,845,521.61 13,051.40 1808 16,363,550.58 8,190.23 1809 7,257,506.62 4,034.29 1810 8,583,309.31 7,430.63 1811 13,313,222.73 2,295.95 1812 8,958,777.53 4,903.06 1813 13,224,623.25 4,755.04 1814 5,998,772.08 1,662,984.83 1815 7,282,942.22 4,678,059.07 1816 36,306,874.88 5,124,708.31 1817 26,283,348.49 2,678,100.77 1818 17,176,385.00 955,270.20 1819 20,283,608.76 229,593.63 1820 15,005,612.15 106,260.53 1821 13,004,447.15 69,027.63 1822 17,589,761.94 67,665.71 1823 19,088,433.44 34,242.17 1824 17,878,325.71 34,663.37 1825 20,098,713.45 25,771.35 1826 23,341,331.77 21,589.93 1827 19,712,283.29 19,885.68 1828 23,205,523.64 17,451.54 1829 22,681,965.91 14,502.74 1830 21,922,391.39 12,160.62 1831 24,224,441.77 6,933.51 1832 28,465,237.24 11,630.65 1833 29,031,508.91 2,759.00 1834 16,214,957.15 4,196.09 1835 19,391,310.59 10,459.48 1836 23,409,940.53 370.00 1837 11,169,290.39 5,493.84 1838 16,158,800.36 2,467.27 1839 23,137,924.81 2,553,32 1840 13,499,502.17 1,682.25 1841 14,487,216.74 3,261.36 1842 18,187,908.76 495.00 1843 7,046,843.91 103.25 1844 26,183,570.94 1,777.34 1845 27,528,112.70 3,517.12 1846 26,712,667.87 2,897.26 1847 23,747,864.66 375.00 1848 31,757,070.96 375.00 1849 28,346,738.82 1850 39,668,686.42 1851 49,017,567.92 1852 47,339,326.62 1853 58,931.865.52 1854 64,224,190.27 1855 53,025.794.21 1856 64,022,863.50 1857 63,875,905.05 1858 41,789,620.96 1859 49,565,824.38 1860 53,187,511.87 1861 39,582,125.64 1862 49,056,397.62 1863 69.059,642.40 $37,640,787.95 1864 102,316,152.99 109,741,134.10 1865 84,928,260.60 209,464,215.25 1866 179,046,651.58 309,226,813.42 1867 176,417,810.88 266,027,537.43 1868 164,464,599.56 191,087,589.41 1869 180,048,426.63 158,356,460.86 1870 194,538,374.44 184,899,756.49 1871 206,270,408.05 143,098,153.63 1872 216,370,286.77 130,642,177.72 1873 188,089,522.70 113,729,314.14 1874 163,103,833.69 102,409,784.90 1875 157,167,722.35 110,007,493.58 1876 148,071,984.61 116,700,732.03 1877 130,956,493.07 118,630,407.83 1878 130,170,680.20 110,581,624.74 1879 137,250,047.70 113,561,610.58 1880 186,522,064.60 124,009,373.92 1881 198,159,676.02 135,264,385.51 1882 220,410,730.25 146,497,595.45 1883 214,706,496.93 144,720,368.98

Total $5,073,240,329.60 $3,098,575,330.71

From Distilled Spirits. Years. From Income Tax. From Fermented Liquors. 1863 $2,741.858.25 $5,176,530.50 $1,628,933.82 1864 20,294,731.74 30,329,149.53 2,290,009.14 1865 32,050,017.44 18,731,422.45 3,734,928.06 1866 72,982,159.03 33,268,171.82 5,220,552.72 1867 66,014,429.34 33,542,951.72 6,057,500.63 1868 41,455,598.36 18,655,630.90 5,955,868.92 1869 34,791,855.84 45,071,230.86 6,099,879.54 1870 37,775,873.62 55,606,094.15 6,319,126.90 1871 19,162,650.75 46,281,848,10 7,389,501.82 1872 14,436,861.78 49,475,516.36 8,258,498.46 1873 5,062,311.62 52,099,371.78 9,324,937.84 1874 139,472.09 49,444,089.85 9,304,679.72 1875 232.64 52,081,991.12 9,144,004.41 1876 588.27 56,426,365.13 9,571,280.66 1877 97.79 57,469,429.72 9,480,789.17 1878 50,420,815.80 9,937,051.78 1879 52,570,284.69 10,729,320.08 1880 61,185,508.79 12,829,802.84 1881 3,021.92 67,153,974.88 13,700,241.21 1882 69,873,408.18 16,153,920.42 1883 74,368,775.20 16,900,615.81

Total $366,911,760.48 $979,232,561.53 $180,031,443.95

APPENDIX H.

IMPORTANT CROPS.

The following table exhibits the aggregate production in the United States, for a series of years ending wih 1882, of certain crops which contribute largely to the national wealth. The total acreage, the yield per acre, and the value per acre, are given in each case.

CORN. Yield per Acre. Value Years. Bushels. Acres. Value. per Acre. 1849 592.071,104 1859 838,792,742 1866 867,946,295 34,306,538 25 $591,666,295 1867 768,320,000 32,520,249 23 610,948,390 1868 906,527,000 34,887,246 25.9 569,512,460 $16.32 1869 760,944,549 1870 1,094,255,000 38,646,977 28.3 601,839,030 15.57 1871 991,898,000 34,091,137 29.1 478,275,900 14.02 1872 1,092,719,000 35,526,836 30.7 435,149,290 12.24 1873 932,274,000 39,197,148 23.8 447,183,200 11.41 1874 850,148,500 41,036,918 20.7 550,043,080 13.40 1875 1,321,069,000 44,841,371 29.4 555,445,930 12.38 1876 1,283,827,500 49,033,364 26.1 475,491,210 9.69 1877 1,342,558,000 50,369,113 26.6 480,643,400 9.54 1878 1,388,218,750 51,585,000 26.9 441,153,405 8.55 1879 1,754,591,676 62,368,504 28.1 1880 1,717,434,543 62,317,842 27.6 679,714,499 10.91 1881 1,194,916,000 64,262,025 18.6 759,482,170 11.82 1882 1,617,025,100 65,659,546 24.6 783,867,175 11.91

WHEAT. Yield per Acre. Value Years. Bushels. Acres. Value. per Acre. 1849 100,485,944 1859 173,104,924 1866 151,999,906 15,424,496 10 $333,773,646 1867 212,441,400 18,321,561 11.5 421,796,460 1868 224,036,600 18,460,132 12.1 319,195,290 $17.29 1869 287,745,626 1870 235,884,700 18,992,591 12.4 245,865,045 12.94 1871 230,722,400 19,943,893 11.5 290,411,820 14.56 1872 249,997,100 20,858,359 11.9 310,180,375 14.87 1873 281,254,700 22,171,676 12.7 323,594,805 14.20 1874 309,102,700 24,967,027 12.5 291,107,895 11.66 1875 292,136,000 26,381,512 11 294,580,990 11.16 1876 289,356,500 27,627,021 10.4 300,259,300 10.86 1877 364,194,146 26,277,546 13.9 394,695,779 15.08 1878 420,122,400 32,108,560 13.1 326,346,424 10.15 1879 459,483,137 35,430,333 13 1880 498,549,868 37,986,717 13.1 474,201,850 12.48 1881 383,280,090 37,709,020 10.2 456,880,427 12.01 1882 504,185,470 37,067,194 13.6 444,602,125 12.00

POTATOES. Yield per Acre. Value Years. Bushels. Acres. Value. per Acre. 1849 65,797,896 1859 111,148,867 1866 107,200,976 1,069,381 100 $72,939,029 1867 97,783,000 1,192,195 82 89,276,830 1868 106,090,000 1,131,552 93.7 84,150,040 $74.36 1869 143,337,473 1870 114,775,000 1,325,119 86.6 82,668,590 62.38 1871 120,461,700 1,220,912 98.6 71,836,671 58.83 1872 113,516,000 1,331,331 85.2 68,091,120 51.14 1873 106,089,000 1,295,139 81.9 74,774,890 57.73 1874 105,981,000 1,310,041 80.9 71,823,330 54.82 1875 166,877,000 1,510,041 110.5 65,019,420 43.05 1876 124,827,000 1,741,983 71.6 83,861,390 48.14 1877 170,092,000 1,792,287 94.9 76,249,500 42.54 1878 124,126,650 1,776,800 69.9 73,059,125 41.12 1879 169,458,539 1880 167,659,570 1,842,510 91 81,062,214 44.00 1881 109,145,494 2,041,670 53.5 99,291,341 48.63 1882 170,972,508 2,171,636 78.7 92,304,844 43.84

HAY. Yield per Acre. Value Years. Tons. Acres. Value. per Acre. 1849 13,838,642 1859 19,083,896 1866 21,778,627 17,668,904 1.22 $317,561,837 1867 26,277,000 20,020,554 372,864,670 1868 26,141,900 21,541,573 1.21 351,941,030 $16.33 1869 27,316,048 1870 24,525,000 19,861,805 1.23 338,969,680 17.06 1871 22,239,409 19,009,052 1.17 351,717,035 18.50 1872 23,812,800 20,318,936 1.17 345,969,079 17.02 1873 25,085,100 21,894,084 1.34 339,895,486 15.52 1874 24,133,900 21,769,772 1.11 331,420,738 15.22 1875 27,873,600 23,507,964 1.18 342,203,445 14.55 1876 30,867,100 25,282,797 1.22 300,901,252 11.90 1877 31,629,300 25,367,708 1.24 271,934,950 10.72 1878 39,608,296 26,931,300 1.47 285,543,752 10.60 1879 35,150,711 30,631,054 1.15 1880 31,925,233 25,863,955 1.23 371,811,084 14.38 1881 35,135,064 30,888,700 1.14 415,131,366 13.43 1882 38,138,049 32,339,585 1.15 369,958,158 11.45

TOBACCO. Yield per Acre. Value Years. Pounds. Acres. Value. per Acre. 1849 199,752,655 1859 434,209,461 1866 388,128,684 520,107 746 $ 53,778,888 1867 313,724,000 494,333 631 41,283,431 1868 320,982,000 427,189 751 40,081,942 $93.82 1869 262,735,341 481,101 569 32,206,325 66.94 1870 250,628,000 330,668 757 26,747,158 80.83 1871 263,196,100 350,769 570 25,901,421 73.84 1872 342,304,000 416,512 821.8 35,730,385 85.78 1873 372,810,000 480,878 775 30,865,972 64.19 1874 178,355,000 281,662 633.2 23,362,765 82.94 1875 379,347,000 559,049 678.5 30,342,600 54.27 1876 381,002,000 540,457 705 28,282,968 52.33 1877 440,000,000 1878 392,546,700 542,850 723.1 22,137,428 40.78 1879 472,661,157 638,841 739.9 1880 446,296,889 602,516 740.7 36,414,615 60.44 1881 449,880,014 646,239 696.1 43,372,336 1882 513,077,558 671,522 764 43,189,951 64.18

APPENDIX I.

The following table exhibits in a condensed and perspicuous form the operations of the Post-Office Department, from the foundation of the government. The very rapid increase in the revenue of the department after 1860 will be noted.

No. of Post Offices. Extent of Post-Routes in Miles. Revenue of the Department. Years. Expenditure of the Department. AMOUNT PAID FOR Salaries of Post-Masters. Transportation of the Mail. 1790 75 1,875 $37,935 $32,140 $8,198 $22,081 1795 453 13,207 160,620 117,893 30,272 75,359 1800 903 20,817 280,804 213,994 69,243 128,644 1805 1,558 31,076 421,373 377,378 111,552 239,635 1810 2,300 36,406 551,684 495,969 149,438 327,966 1815 3,000 43,748 1,043,065 748,121 241,901 487,779 1816 3,260 48,673 961,782 804,422 265,944 521,979 1817 3,459 52,089 1,002,973 916,515 303,916 589,189 1818 3,618 59,473 1,130,235 1,035,832 346,429 664,611 1819 4,000 67,586 1,204,737 1,117,801 375,828 717,881 1820 4,500 72,492 1,111,927 1,160,926 352,295 782,425 1821 4,650 78,808 1,059,087 1,184,283 337,599 815,681 1822 4,709 82,763 1,117,490 1,167,572 335,299 788,618 1823 4,043 84,860 1,130,115 1,156,995 360,462 767,464 1824 5,182 84,860 1,197,758 1,188,019 383,804 768,939 1825 5,677 94,052 1,306,525 1,229,043 411,183 785,646 1826 6,150 94,052 1,447,703 1,366,712 447,727 885,100 1827 7,003 105,336 1,524,633 1,468,959 486,411 942,345 1828 7,530 105,336 1,659,915 1,689,945 548,049 1,086,313 1829 8,004 115,000 1,707,418 1,782,132 559,237 1,153,646 1830 8,450 115,176 1,850,583 1,932,708 595,234 1,274,226 1831 8,686 115,486 1,997,811 1,936,122 635,028 1,252,226 1832 9,205 104,466 2,258,570 2,266,171 715,481 1,482,507 1833 10,127 119,916 2,617,011 2,930,414 826,283 1,894,638 1834 10,693 119,916 2,823,749 2,910,605 897,317 1,925,544 1835 10,770 112,774 2,903,356 2,757,350 945,418 1,719,007 1836 11,091 118,264 3,408,323 3,841,766 812,803 1,638,052 1837 11,767 141,242 4,236,779 3,544,630 891,352 1,996,727 1838 12,519 134,818 4,238,733 4,430,662 933,948 3,131,308 1839 12,780 133,999 4,484,657 4,636,536 980,000 3,285,622 1840 13,468 155,739 4,543,522 4,718,236 1,028,925 3,296,876 1841 13,778 155,026 4,407,726 4,499,528 1,018,645 3,159,375 1842 13,733 149,732 4,456,849 5,674,752 1,146,256 3,087,796 1843 13,814 142,295 4,296,225 4,374,754 1,426,394 2,947,319 1844 14,103 144,687 4,237,288 4,296,513 1,358,316 2,938,551 1845 14,183 143,940 4,289,841 4,320,732 1,409,875 2,905,504 1846 14,601 152,865 3,487,199 4,084,297 1,042,079 2,716,673 1847 15,146 153,818 3,955,893 3,979,570 1,060,228 2,476,435 1848 16,159 163,208 4,371,077 4,326,850 2,394,703 1849 16,749 163,703 4,905,178 4,479,049 1,320,921 2,577,407 1850 18,417 178,672 5,552,971 5.212,953 1,549,376 2,965,786 1851 19,796 196,290 6,727,867 6,278,402 1,781,686 3,538,064 1852 20,901 214,284 6,925,971 7,108,459 1,296,765 4,225,311 1853 22,320 217,743 5,940,725 7,982,957 1,406,477 4,906,308 1854 23,548 219,935 6,955,586 8,577,424 1,707,708 5,401,382 1855 24,410 227,908 7,342,136 9,968,342 2,135,335 6,076,335 1856 25,565 239,642 7,620,822 10,405,286 2,102,891 6,765,639 1857 26,586 242,601 8,053,952 11,508,058 2,285,610 7,239,333 1858 27,977 260,603 8,186,793 12,722,470 2,355,016 8,246,054 1859 28,539 260,052 8,668,484 15,754,093 2,453,901 7,157,629 1860 28,498 240,594 8,518,067 19,170,610 2,552,868 8,808,710 1861 28,586 140,139 8,349,296 13,606,759 2,514,157 5,309,454 1862 28,875 134,013 8,299,821 11,125,364 2,340,767 5,853,834 1863 29,047 139,598 11,163,790 11,314,207 2,876,983 5,740,576 1864 28,878 139,171 12,438,254 12,644,786 3,174,326 5,818,469 1865 20,550 142,340 14,556,159 13,694,728 3,383,382 6,246,884 1866 23,828 180,921 14,386,986 15,352,079 3,454,677 7,630,474 1867 25,163 203,245 15,237,027 19,235,483 4,033,728 9,336,286 1868 26,481 216,928 16,292,601 22,730,593 4,255,311 10,266,056 1869 27,106 223,731 18,344,511 23,698,131 4,546,958 10,406,501 1870 28,492 231,232 19,772,221 23,998,837 4,673,466 10,884,653 1871 30,045 238,350 20,037,045 24,390,104 5,028,382 11,529,395 1872 31,863 251,398 21,915,426 26,658,192 5,121,665 15,547,821 1873 33,244 256,210 22,996,742 29,084,946 5,725,468 16,161,034 1874 34,294 269,097 26,447,072 32,126,415 5,818,472 18,881,319 1875 35,547 277,873 26,791,360 33,611,309 7,049,936 18,777,201 1876 36,383 281,708 27,895,908 33,263,488 7,397,397 18,361,048 1877 37,345 292,820 27,468,323 33,486,322 7,295,251 18,529,238 1878 39,258 301,966 29,277,517 34,165,084 7,977,852 19,262,421 1879 40,855 316,711 30,041,983 33,449,899 7,185,540 20,012,872 1880 42,989 343,888 33,315,479 36,542,804 7,701,418 22,255,984 1881 44,512 344,006 36,785,398 39,251,736 8,298,743 23,196,032 1882 46,231 343,618 41,876,410 40,039,635 8,964,677 22,846,112 1883 47,863 353,166 45,508,692 42,816,700 10,315,394 23,870,666

APPENDIX J.

The following table exhibits the number of miles of railroad in operation, and the number of miles constructed each year, in the United States, from 1830 to 1883 inclusive. It will be observed that nearly three-fourths of the total mileage have been constructed since 1869.

Year. Miles in Operation the the End of each Year. Miles Constructed each Year. 1830 23 1831 95 72 1832 229 134 1833 380 151 1834 633 253 1835 1,098 465 1836 1,273 175 1837 1,497 224 1838 1,913 416 1839 2,302 389 1840 2,818 516 1841 3,535 717 1842 4,026 491 1843 4,185 159 1844 4,377 192 1845 4,633 256 1846 4,930 297 1847 5,598 668 1848 5,996 398 1849 7,365 1,369 1850 9,021 1,656 1851 10,982 1,961 1852 12,908 1,926 1853 15,360 2,452 1854 16,720 1,360 1855 18,374 1,654 1856 22,016 3,642 1857 24,503 2,487 1858 26,968 2,465 1859 28,789 1,821 1860 30,635 1,846 1861 31,286 651 1862 32,120 834 1863 33,170 1,050 1864 33,908 738 1865 35,085 1,177 1866 36,801 1,716 1867 39,250 2,449 1868 42,229 2,979 1869 46,844 4,615 1870 52,885 6,079 1871 60,293 7,379 1872 66,171 5,878 1873 70,278 4,107 1874 72,383 2,105 1875 74,096 1,713 1876 76,808 2,712 1877 79,089 2,281 1878 81,776 2,687 1879 86,497 4,721 1880 93,545 7,174 1881 103,334 11,142 1882 114,930 11,591 1883 119,937 6,608

APPENDIX K.

The following table gives the number of miles of railroad in operation in each State and Territory in the United States during the years 1865, 1870, 1875, 1877, 1879, 1880, 1881, and 1882 respectively.

STATES AND TERRITORIES. 1865. 1870. 1875. 1877. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882.

Maine . . . . . . . . . 521 786 980 989 1,009 1,004 1,027 1,056 New Hampshire . . . . . 667 736 934 964 1,019 1,014 1,021 1,038 Vermont . . . . . . . 587 614 810 872 873 916 918 920 Masschusetts . . . .. 1,297 1,480 1,817 1,863 1,870 1,915 1,959 1,967 Rhode Island . . . . 125 136 179 204 210 211 212 212 Connecticut . . . . . . 637 742 918 922 922 922 959 962 New England . . . . . 3,834 4,494 5,638 5,814 5,903 5,982 6,096 6,155

New York . . . . . . . 3,002 3,928 5,423 5,725 6,008 6,062 6,332 7,037 New Jersey . . . . . . 864 1,125 1,511 1,661 1,663 1,602 1,781 1,870 Pennsylvania . . . . . 3,728 4,656 5,705 5,902 6,068 6,166 6,331 6,857 Delaware . . . . . . . 134 197 272 272 293 275 275 282 Maryland and Dist. of Columbia . . . . . . 446 671 929 944 966 1,005 1,030 1,063 West Virginia . . . . . 365 387 615 638 694 691 706 813 Middle States . . . . 8,539 10,964 14,455 15,142 15,679 15,891 16,455 17,922

Virginia . . . . . . . 1,407 1,449 1,608 1,635 1,672 1,897 2,224 2,446 Kentucky . . . . . . . 567 1,017 1,326 1,509 1,595 1,592 1,734 1,807 North Carolina . . . . 984 1,178 1,356 1,426 1,446 1,463 1,622 1,759 Tennessee . . . . . . . 1,296 1,492 1,630 1,656 1,701 1,845 1,902 2,067 South Carolina . . . . 1,007 1,139 1.335 1,406 1,424 1,427 1,479 1,517 Georgia . . . . . . . . 1,420 1,845 2,264 2,339 2,460 2,438 2,540 2,874 Florida . . . . . . . . 416 446 484 485 519 557 702 973 Alabama . . . . . . . . 805 1,157 1,800 1,802 1,832 1,845 1,859 1,909 Mississippi . . . . . . 898 990 1,018 1,088 1,140 1,133 1,188 1,309 Louisiana . . . . . . . 335 450 466 466 544 675 937 1,032 Southern States . . . 9,129 11,163 13,287 13,812 14,333 14,872 16,187 17,693

Ohio . . . . . . . . . 3,331 3,538 4,461 4,878 5,521 5,824 6,321 6,931 Michigan . . . . . . . 941 1,638 3,446 3,477 3,673 3,981 4,326 4,654 Indiana . . . . . . . . 2,217 3,177 3,963 4,057 4,336 4,020 4,406 5,018 Illinois . . . . . . . 3,157 4,823 7,109 7,334 7,578 7,900 8,309 8,752 Wisconsin . . . . . . . 1,010 1,525 2,566 2,701 2,896 3,169 3,471 3,824 Minnesota . . . . . . . 213 1,092 1,900 2,194 3,008 3,390 3,577 3,974 Dakota Territory . . . 65 275 290 400 1,320 1,733 2,133 Iowa . . . . . . . . . 891 2,683 3,850 4,134 4,779 5,401 6,165 6,968 Missouri . . . . . . . 925 2,000 2,905 3,198 3,740 3,964 4,206 4,500 Indian Territory . . . 275 275 275 279 285 350 Arkansas . . . . . . . 38 256 740 767 808 889 1,033 1,533 Texas . . . . . . . . . 465 711 1,685 2,210 2,591 3,257 4,926 6,007 Nebraska . . . . . . . 122 705 1,167 1,286 1,634 1,949 2,273 2,494 Kansas . . . . . . . . 40 1,501 2,150 2,352 3,103 3,446 3,655 3,866 Colorado . . . . . . . 157 807 1,045 1,208 1,576 2,193 2,772 New-Mexico Territory . 118 745 1,034 1,076 Wyoming Territory . . . 459 459 465 472 500 564 613 Idaho Territory . . . . 220 182 251 472 Utah Territory . . . . 257 506 506 593 747 782 967 Montana Territory . . . 10 110 267 659 Western States and Territories . . . . . 13,350 24,587 38,254 41,160 46,963 52,649 59,777 67,563

Nevada . . . . . . . . 593 601 627 720 738 894 948 California . . . . . . 214 925 1,503 2,080 2,209 2,201 2,315 2,643 Arizona Territory . . . 183 401 549 765 Oregon . . . . . . . . 19 159 248 248 295 561 627 807 Weashington Territory . 110 197 212 250 434 434 Pacific States and Territories . . . . . 233 1,677 2,462 3,152 3,619 4,151 4,819 5,597

RECAPITULATION. New-England States . . 3,834 4,494 5,638 5,814 5,903 5,982 6,096 6,155 Middle States . . . . . 8,539 10,964 14,455 15,142 15,679 15,891 16,455 17,922 Southern States . . . . 9,129 11,163 13,287 13,812 14,333 14,872 16,187 17,693 Western States and Territories . . . . . 13,350 24,587 38,254 41,169 46,963 52,649 59,777 67,563 Pacific States and Territories . . . . . 233 1,677 2,462 3,152 3,619 4,151 4,819 5,597

Grand Total . . . . . 35,085 52,885 74,096 79,089 86,497 93,545 103,334 114,930

APPENDIX L.

This table exhibits the total amount of pensions paid by the government from its foundation, including those to soldiers of the Revolution, war of 1812, Mexican war, war of the Rebellion, and the various Indian wars.

Year. Pensions. 1791 $175,813.88 1792 109,243.15 1793 80,087.81 1794 81,399.24 1795 68,673.22 1796 100,843.71 1797 92,256.97 1798 104,845.33 1799 95,444.03 1800 64,130.73 1801 73,533.37 1802 85,440.39 1803 62,902.10 1804 80,092.80 1805 81,854.59 1806 81,875.53 1807 70,500.00 1808 82,576.04 1809 87,833.54 1810 83,744.16 1811 75,043.88 1812 91,042.10 1813 86,989.91 1814 90,164.36 1815 60,656.06 1816 188,804.15 1817 297,374.43 1818 890,719.90 1819 2,415,939.85 1820 3,208,376.31 1821 242,817.25 1822 1,948,199.40 1823 1,780,588.52 1824 1,499,326.59 1825 1,308,810.57 1826 1,566,593.83 1827 976,138.86 1828 580,573.57 1820 949,594.47 1830 1,363,297.31 1831 1,170,665.14 1832 1,184,422.40 1833 4,589,152.40 1834 3,364,285,30 1835 1,954,711.32 1836 2,882,797.96 1837 2,672,162.45 1838 2,156,057.29 1830 3,142,750.51 1840 2,603,562.17 1841 2,388,434.51 1842 1,378,931.33 1843 839,041.12 1844 2,032,008.99 1845 2,400,788.11 1846 1,811,097.56 1847 1,744,883.63 1848 1,227,496.48 1849 1,328,867.64 1850 1,866,886.02 1851 2,293,377.22 1852 2,401,858.78 1853 1,756.306.20 1854 1,232,665.00 1855 1,477,612.33 1856 1,296,229.65 1857 1,310,380.58 1858 1,219,768.30 1859 1,222,222.71 1860 1,100,802.32 1861 1,034,599.73 1862 852,170.47 1863 1,078,513.36 1864 4,985,473.90 1865 16,347,621.34 1866 15,605,549.88 1867 20.936,551.71 1868 23,782,386.78 1869 28,476,621.78 1870 28,340,202.17 1871 34,443,894.88 1872 28,533,402.76 1874 29,038,414.66 1875 29,456,216.22 1876 28,257,395.69 1877 27,963,752.27 1878 27,137,019.08 1879 35,121,482.39 1880 56,777,174.44 1881 50,059,279.62 1882 61,345,193.95 1883 66,012,573.64

$724,658,382.78

APPENDIX M.

The following table shows the distribution of the tonnage of the United-States merchant-marine employed in the foreign trade, the coasting trade, and the fisheries, from 1789 to 1883 inclusive.

Foreign Trade. Coasting Trade. Whale Fisheries. Year Ended Cod Fisheries. Mackerel Fisheries. Total Merchant-Marine. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Dec. 31, 1789 123,893 68,607 9,062 201,562 1790 346,254 103,775 28,348 478,377 1791 363,110 106,494 32,542 502,146 1792 411,438 120,957 32,062 564,457 1793 367,734 122,071 30,959 520,764 1794 438,863 162,578 4,129 23,048 628,618 1795 529,471 184,398 3,163 30,933 747,965 1796 576,733 217,841 2,364 34,962 831,900 1797 597,777 237,403 1,104 40,628 876,912 1798 603,376 251,443 763 42,746 898,328 1799 657,142 246,640 5,647 29,979 939,408 1800 667,107 272,492 3,466 29,427 972,492 1801 630,558 274,551 3,085 39,382 947,576 1802 557,760 289,623 3,201 41,522 892,106 1803 585,910 299,060 12,390 51,812 949,172 1804 680,514 317,537 12,339 52,014 1,042,404 1805 744,224 332,663 6,015 57,465 1,140,367 1806 798,507 340,540 10,507 59,183 1,208,737 1807 840,163 349,028 9,051 70,306 1,268,548 1808 765,252 420,819 4,526 51,998 1,242,595 1809 906,855 405,103 3,777 34,487 1,350,282 1810 981,019 405,347 3,589 34,828 1,424,783 1811 763,607 420,362 5,209 43,234 1,232,502 1812 758,636 477,972 2,930 30,459 1,269,997 1813 672,700 471,109 2,942 19,877 1,166,628 1814 674,633 466,159 562 17,855 1,159,209 1815 854,295 475,666 1,230 36,937 1,368,128 1816 800,760 522,165 1,168 48,126 1,372,219 1817 804,851 525,030 5,224 64,807 1,309,912 1818 589,954 549,374 16,750 69,107 1,225,185 1819 581,230 571,058 32,386 76,078 1,260,752 1820 583,657 588,025 36,445 72,040 1,280,167 1821 593,825 614,845 27,995 62,293 1,298,958 1822 582,701 624,189 48,583 69,226 1,324,699 1823 600,003 617,805 40,503 78,225 1,336,566 1824 636,807 641,563 33,346 77,447 1,389,163 1825 665,409 640,861 35,379 81,462 1,423,111 1826 696,221 722,330 41,984 73,656 1,534,191 1827 701,517 789,159 45,992 83,687 1,620,607 1828 757,998 842,906 54,801 85,687 1,741,392 1829 592,859 508,858 57,284 101,797 1,260,798 1830 537,563 516,979 39,705 61,556 35,973 1,191,776 1831 538,136 539,724 82,797 60,978 46,211 1,267,846 1832 614,121 649,627 73,246 55,028 47,428 1,439,450 1833 648,869 744,199 101,636 62,721 48,726 1,606,151 1834 749,378 783,619 108,424 56,404 61,082 1,758,907 Sept. 30, 1835* 788,173 797,338 97,649 77,338 64,443 1,824,941 1836 753,094 873,023 146,254 63,307 46,424 1,882,102 1837 683,205 956,981 129,137 80,552 46,811 1,896,686 1838 702,962 1,041,105 124,860 70,084 56,649 1,995,640 1839 702,400 1,153,552 132,285 72,258 35,984 2,096,479 1840 762,838 1,176,694 136,927 76,036 28,269 2,180,764 1841 788,398 1,107,068 157,405 66,552 11,321 2,130,744 1842 823,746 1,045,753 151,990 54,805 16,007 2,092,391 June 30, 1843* 856,930 1,076,156 152,517 61,224 11,776 2,158,603 1844 900,471 1,109,615 168,614 85,225 16,171 2,280,096 1845 904,476 1,223,218 190,903 76,901 21,414 2,417,002 1846 943,307 1,315,577 187,420 79,318 36,463 2,562,085 1847 1,047,454 1,488,601 103,859 77,681 31,451 2,839,046 1848 1,168,707 1,659,317 192,613 89,847 43,558 3,154,042 1849 1,258,756 1,770,376 180,186 81,756 42,942 3,334,016 1850 1,439,694 1,797,825 146,017 93,806 58,112 3,535,454 1851 1,544,663 1,899,976 181,644 95,617 50,539 3,772,439 1852 1,705,650 2,055,873 193,798 110,573 72,546 4,138,440 1853 1,910,471 2,134,258 193,203 109,228 59,850 4,407,010 1854 2,151,918 2,322,114 181,901 111,928 35,041 4,802,902 1855 2,348,358 2,543,255 186,848 111,915 21,625 5,212,001 1856 2,302,190 2,247,663 189,461 102,452 29,887 4,871,653 1857 2,268,196 2,336,609 195,842 111,868 28,328 4,940,843 1858 2,301,148 2,401,220 198,594 119,252 29,594 5,049,808 1859 2,321,674 2,488,929 185,728 129,637 27,070 5,145,038 1860 2,379,396 2,644,867 166,841 136,653 26,111 5,353,868 1861 2,496,894 2,704,544 145,734 137,846 54,795 5,539,813 1862 2,173,537 2,606,716 117,714 133,601 80,596 5,112,164 1863 1,926,886 2,960,633 99,228 117,290 51,019 5,155,056 1864 1,486,749 3,245,265 95,145 103,742 55,499 4,986,400 1865 1,518,350 3,381,522 90,516 65,185 41,209 5,096,782 1866 1,387,756 2,719,621 105,170 51,642 46,589 4,310,778 1867 1,515,648 2,660,390 52,384 44,567 31,498 4,304,487 1868 1,494,389 2,702,140 71,343 83,887** 4,351,759 1869 1,496,220 2,515,515 70,202 62,704 4,144,641 1870 1,448,846 2,638,247 67,954 91,460 4,246,507 1871 1,363,652 2,764,600 61,400 92,865 4,282,607 1872 1,359,040 2,929,552 51,608 97,547 4,437,747 1873 1,378,533 3,163,220 44,755 109,519 4,696,027 1874 1,389,815 3,292,439 39,108 78,290 4,800,652 1875 1,515,598 3,219,698 38,229 80,207 4,853,732 1876 1,553,705 2,598,835 30,116 87,802 4,279,458 1877 1,570,600 2,540,322 40,593 91,085 4,242,600 1878 1,589,348 2,497,170 39,700 86,547 4,212,765 1879 1,451,505 2,598,183 40,028 79,885 4,169,601 1880 1,314,402 2,637,686 38,408 77,538 4,068,034 1881 1,297,035 2,646,010 38,551 76,136 4,057,734 1882 1,259,492 2,795,777 32,802 77,862 4,165,933 1883 1,269,681 2,838,354 32,414 95,038 4,235,487

* Nine months ** After 1867 the tonnage engaged in mackerel fisheries is included in this column.

APPENDIX N.

The following table exhibits the immigration into the United States by decades from 1821 to 1880.

1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 Countries. to to to to to to 1881. 1830. 1840. 1850. 1860. 1870. 1880.

England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,055 7,611 32,092 247,125 251,288 440,961 76,547 Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50,724 207,381 780,719 914,119 456,593 444,589 79,909 Scotland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,912 2,667 3,712 38,331 44,681 98,926 16,451 Wales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 185 1,261 6,319 4,642 6,779 1,316 Great Britain, not specified . . . . 7,942 65,347 229,979 132,199 349,766 7,908 7 Total British Isles . . . . . . . 75,803 283,191 1,047,763 1,338,093 1,106,970 989,163 165,230

Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,398 69,558 21,437 Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 22 5,074 4,738 7,416 7,278 1,939 Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 1,063 539 3,749 17,885 34,577 8,951 France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,497 45,575 77,262 76,358 37,749 73,301 5,653 Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,761 152,454 434,626 951,667 822,007 757,698 249,572 Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 13,475 6,756 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468 2,253 1,879 9,231 12,982 60,830 20,103 Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,078 1,412 8,251 10,789 9,539 17,236 10,812 Norway and Sweden . . . . . . . . . 91 1,201 13,903 20,931 117,798 226,488 82,859 Russia and Poland . . . . . . . . . 91 646 656 1,621 5,047 54,606 14,476 Spain and Portugal . . . . . . . . . 2,622 2,954 2,759 10,353 9,047 9,767 464 Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,226 4,821 4,644 25,011 23,839 31,722 11,628 All other countries in Europe . . . 43 96 155 116 234 1,265 451 Total Europe, not British Isles . 23,013 212,497 549,739 1,114,564 1,073,429 1,357,801 435,101 Total Europe . . . . . . . . . . . 98,816 495,688 1,597,502 2,452,657 2,180,399 2,346,964 600,331

China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8 35 41,397 68,059 122,436 20,711 All other countries of Asia . . . . 8 40 47 61 385 632 64 Total Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 48 82 41,458 68,444 123,068 20,775

Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 52 55 210 324 221 37

British North American Provinces . . 2,277 13,624 41,723 59,309 184,713 430,210 95,188 Mexico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,817 6,599 3,271 3,078 2,386 5,164 244 Central America . . . . . . . . . . 105 44 368 449 96 229 33 South America . . . . . . . . . . . 531 856 3,579 1,224 1,443 1,153 85 West Indies . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,834 12,301 13,528 10,660 9,698 14,461 1,009 Total America . . . . . . . . . . 11,564 33,424 62,469 74,720 198,336 451,216 96,559

Islands of the Atlantic . . . . . . 352 103 337 3,090 3,778 10,121 1,287 Islands of the Pacific . . . . . . 2 9 29 158 235 11,421 910 All other countries, not specified . 32,679 69,801 52,777 25,921 15,236 1,684 146

Aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,439 599,125 1,713,251 2,598,214 2,466,752 2,944,695 720,045

APPENDIX O.

COAL AND IRON PRODUCT.

The following table exhibits the quantity of coal produced in each State and Territory of the United States during the census years ended May 31, 1870, and 1880, and the calendar years 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, and 1881 (weight expressed in tons of 2,240 pounds).

STATE OR 1870. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. TERRITORY. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons.

Anthracite. Pennsylvania . . 15,648,437 21,436,667 23,619,911 20,605,262 26,142,689 28,640,819 28,500,016 Rhode Island . . 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 15,000 6,176 10,000 Virginia . . . . 2,817

Bituminous. Pennsylvania . . 7,800,386 11,500,000 12,500,000 13,500,000 14,500,000 18,425,163 20,000,000 Illinois . . . . 2,624,163 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 6,115,377 6,000,000 Ohio . . . . . . 2,527,285 3,500,000 5,250,000 5,000,000 5,000,000 6,008,595 8,250,000 Maryland . . . . 2,345,153 1,835,081 1,574,339 1,679,322 1,730,709 2,228,917 2,261,918 Missouri . . . . 621,930 900,000 900,000 900,000 900,000 556,304 1,750,000 West Virginia. . 608,878 800,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,250,000 1,839,845 1,500,000 Indiana . . . . 437,870 950,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,454,327 1,500,000 Iowa . . . . . . 263,487 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,500,000 1,600,000 1,461,116 1,750,000 Kentucky . . . . 32,938 650,000 850,000 900,000 1,000,000 946,288 1,100,000 Tennessee . . . 133,418 550,000 750,000 375,000 450,000 495,131 750,000 Virginia . . . . 61,803 90,000 90,000 75,000 90,000 43,079 100,000 Kansas . . . . . 150,582 125,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 771,142 750,000 Oregon . . . . . 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 43,205 300,000 Michigan . . . . 28,150 30,000 30,000 30,000 35,000 100,800 100,000 California . . . 600,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 236,950 600,000 Arkansas . . . . 14,778 30,000 Montana . . . . 224 North Carolina . 350 Alabama . . . . 11,000 100,000 175,000 200,000 250,000 323,972 375,000 Nebraska . . . . 1,425 30,000 50,000 75,000 75,000 200 75,000 Wyoming . . . . 500,000 100,000 100,000 175,000 589,595 375,000 Washington . . . 100,000 150,000 150,000 170,000 145,015 175,000 Utah . . . . . . 45,000 45,000 60,000 225,000 225,000 Colorado . . . . 250,000 300,000 367,000 400,000 462,747 700,000 Georgia . . . . 100,000 154,644 150,000

Total bituminous 17,648,468 27,569,081 30,688,339 31,525,322 36,665,709 42,417,764 48,816,918 Total anthracite 15,662,437 21,436,667 23,619,911 20,605,262 26,142,689 28,649,812 28,510,016 Total anthracite and bituminous 33,310,905 49,005,748 54,308,250 52,130,584 62,808,398 71,067,576 77,326,934

APPENDIX O—Concluded.

The following table shows the quantity of pig-iron produced, imported, exported, and retained for consumption in the United States, from 1867 to 1882, expressed in tons of 2,240 pounds.

Total Production and Imports. Calendar Year Ended Exports, Foreign and Domestic. Year. Production. June 30, Imports. Retained for Home Consumption. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons.Tons. 1866 1,205,663 1867 112,642 1,317,705 628 1,317,077 1867 1,305,023 1868 112,133 1,417,156 282 1,416,874 1868 1,431,250 1869 136,975 1,568,225 273 1,567,952 1869 1,711,287 1870 153,283 1,864,570 1,456 1,863,114 1870 1,665,178 1871 178,139 1,843,317 3,772 1,839,545 1871 1,706,793 1872 247,529 1,954,322 2,172 1,952,150 1872 2,548,713 1873 215,496 2,764,209 2,818 2,761,201 1873 2,560,963 1874 92,042 2,653,005 10,152 2,642,853 1874 2,401,262 1875 53,437 2,454,699 16,193 2,438,506 1875 2,023,733 1876 79,455 2,103,188 7,241 2,095,947 1876 1,868,961 1877 67,922 1,936,883 3,560 1,933,323 1877 2,006,594 1878 55,000 2,121,594 6,198 2,115,396 1878 2,301,215 1879 87,576 2,388,791 3,221 2,385,570 1879 2,741,853 1880 754,657 3,406,510 2,607 3,493,903 1880 3,835,191 1881 417,849 4,253,040 6,811 4,246,229 1881 4,144,254 1882 496,045 4,640,299 9,519 4,630,780

Quantity of Iron and Steel Railroad Bars produced, imported, exported, and retained for Consumption in the United States, from 1867 to 1882, expressed in tons of 2,240 pounds. Total Production and Imports. Calendar Production. Year Exports, Foreign and Domestic. Year. Iron. Steel. Total. Ended Imports. Retained for Home Consumption. Tons. Tons. Tons. June 30, Tons. Tons. Tons.Tons. 1866 384,623 384,623 1867 96,272 480,895 159 480,736 1867 410,319 2,277 412,596 1868 151,097 563,693 710 562,983 1868 445,972 6,451 452,423 1869 237,704 690,127 564 689,563 1869 521,371 8,616 529,987 1870 279,766 809,753 885 808,863 1870 523,371 30,357 553,571 1871 458,056 1,011,627 1,341 1,010,286 1871 658,467 34,152 692,619 1872 531,537 1,224,156 4,484 1,219,672 1872 808,866 83,991 892,857 1873 357,631 1,250,488 7,147 1,243,341 1873 679,520 115,192 794,712 1874 148,920 943,632 7,313 936,319 1874 521,847 129,414 651,261 1875 42,082 693,343 14,199 679,144 1875 447,901 259,699 707,000 1876 4,708 712,308 13,554 698,754 1876 417,114 368,269 785,383 1877 30 785,413 6,103 779,310 1877 296,911 385,865 682,776 1878 11 682,787 8,426 674,351 1878 288,295 499,817 788,112 1879 2,611 790,723 7,127 783,596 1879 375,143 618,851 993,994 1880 152,791 1,146,785 2,363 1,144,422 1880 440,859 864,353 1,305,212 1881 302,294 1,607,506 4,274 1,603,232 1881 436,233 1,210,285 1,646,518 1882 295,666 1,942,184 4,190 1,937,994

APPENDIX P.

The following table shows the number of men called for by the President of the United States, and the number furnished by each State, Territory, and the District of Columbia, both for the Army and Navy, from April. 15, 1861, to close of the war.

STATES Aggregate. Aggregate AND Men furnished Reduced to TERRITORIES. Quota Paid Commutation. a Three Years' Total. Standard. Maine . . . . . . . . . 73,587 70,107 2,007 72,114 56,776 New Hampshire . . . . . 35,897 33,937 692 34,629 30,849 Vermont . . . . . . . . 32,074 33,288 1,074 35,262 29,068 Massachusetts . . . . . 139,095 146,730 5,318 152,048 124,104 Rhode Island . . . . . 18,898 23,236 463 23,699 17,866 Connecticut . . . . . . 44,797 55,864 1,515 57,379 50,623 New York . . . . . . . 507,148 448,850 18,197 467,047 392,270 New Jersey . . . . . . 92,820 76,814 4,196 81,010 57,908 Pennsylvania . . . . . 385,369 337,936 28,171 366,107 265,517 Delaware . . . . . . . 13,935 12,284 1,386 13,670 10,322 Maryland . . . . . . . 70,965 46,638 3,678 50,316 41,275 West Virginia . . . . . 34,463 32,068 32,068 27,711 District of Columbia . 13,973 16,534 338 16,872 11,506 Ohio . . . . . . . . . 306,322 313,180 6,479 319,659 240,514 Indiana . . . . . . . . 199,788 196,363 784 197,147 153,576 Illinois . . . . . . . 244,496 259,092 55 259,147 214,133 Michigan . . . . . . . 95,007 87,364 2,008 89,372 80,111 Wisconsin . . . . . . . 109,080 91,327 5,097 96,424 79,260 Minnesota . . . . . . . 26,326 24,020 1,032 25,052 19,693 Iowa . . . . . . . . . 79,521 76,242 67 76,309 68,630 Missouri . . . . . . . 122,496 109,111 109,111 86,530 Kentucky . . . . . . . 100,782 75,760 3,265 79,025 70,832 Kansas . . . . . . . . 12,931 20,149 2 20,151 18,706 Tennessee . . . . . . . 1,560 31,092 31,092 26,394 Arkansas . . . . . . . 780 8,289 8,289 7,863 North Carolina . . . . 1,560 3,156 3,156 3,156 California . . . . . . 15,725 15,725 15,725 Nevada . . . . . . . . 1,080 1,080 1,080 Oregon . . . . . . . . 1,810 1,810 1,810 Washington Territory . 964 964 964 Nebraska Territory . . 3,157 3,157 2,175 Colorado Territory . . 4,903 4,903 3,697 Dakota Territory . . . 206 206 206 New-Mexico Territory . 6,561 6,561 4,432 Alabama . . . . . . . . 2,576 2,576 1,611 Florida . . . . . . . . 1,290 1,290 1,290 Louisiana . . . . . . . 5,224 5,224 4,654 Mississippi . . . . . . 545 545 545 Texas . . . . . . . . . 1,965 1,965 1,632 Indian Nation . . . . . 3,530 3,530 3,530 Colored Troops* . . . . 93,441 93,441 91,789

Total . . . . . . . .2,763,670 2,772,408 86,724 2,859,132 2,320,272

* Colored troops organized at various stations in the States in rebellion, embracing all not specifically credited to States, and which cannot be so assigned.

Reduced to Periods of Service only, the Following Aggregates for the Different Periods in the Army and Navy appear:—

Periods of Enlistment. Number.

60 days . . . . . . . . 2,045 3 months . . . . . . . 108,416 100 days . . . . . . . 85,807 4 months . . . . . . . 42 6 months . . . . . . . 26,118 8 months . . . . . . . 373 9 months . . . . . . . 89,899 1 year . . . . . . . . 393,706 2 years . . . . . . . . 44,400 3 years . . . . . . . . 2,028,630 4 years . . . . . . . . 1,042

Aggregate enlistments . 2,780,478

The Number of Indivials who served during the War is estimated as follows:—

Number who died during the war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304,360 Number who were discharged for disability . . . . . . . . . . . 285,545 Deserters (less those arrested and 25 per cent. additional) . . 128,352 One-third of those serving terms of less than one year (estimated that two-thirds thereof re-enlisted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,134 One-half of those serving more than one year and less than two years (estimated that one-half re-enlisted) . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,053 Number in the service May 1, 1865 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000,516 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,046,969 Add number in regular army at commencement of war . . . . . . 16,422

Aggregate number of different individuals who served during the war 2,063,391

There are no records which give with accuracy the number of men in the Confederate Army. The general aggregate for the four years is, upon the best authority attainable, placed at one million one hundred thousand men (1,100,000). The maximum number of men on the Confederate Army rolls at any one time is estimated at five hundred thousand. The irregular manner in which the men were conscripted during the last two years of the war, taken in connection with the loss of records, makes it impossible to give accurate statements of the numbers furnished by the several States.

REGULAR ARMY.

The following table shows the actual strength of the regular army of the United States at different periods, from 1789 to 1883 (retired officers not included).

Officers. Date. Men. Total. 1780-90 . . 50 672 722 1795 . . . 212 3,228 3,440 1800 . . . 248 3,803 4,051 1805 . . . 196 2,534 2,730 1810 . . . 466 6,488 6,954 July, 1812 . . . 301 6,385 6,686* Feb., 1813 . . . 1,476 17,560 19,036* Sept. 1814 . . . 2,395 35,791 38,186* Feb., 1815 . . . 2,396 31,028 33,424* Dec., 1820 . . . 712 8,230 8,942 1825 . . . 562 5,157 5,719 1830 . . . 627 5,324 5,951 1835 . . . 680 6,471 7,151 1840 . . . 733 9,837 10,570 1845 . . . 826 7,523 8,349 1850 . . . 948 9,815 10,763 1855 . . . 1,042 14,710 15,752 1860 . . . 1,108 15,250 16,367 1861 . . . 1,004 15,418 16,422 1862 . . . 1,720 21,450 23,170 1863 . . . 1,844 22,915 24,759 1864 . . . 1,813 19,791 21,604 1865 . . . 1,605 20,765 22,310 1866 . . . 2,020 31,470 33,490 1867 . . . 2,853 53,962 56,815 1868 . . . 2,835 48,081 50,916 1869 . . . 2,700 34,074 36,774 1870 . . . 2,541 34,534 37,075 1871 . . . 2,105 26,848 28,953 1872 . . . 2,104 26,071 28,175 1873 . . . 2,076 26,576 28,652 1874 . . . 2,080 26,364 28,444 1875 . . . 2,068 23,250 25,318 1876 . . . 2,151 26,129 28,250 1877 . . . 2,178 21,767 23,945 1878 . . . 2,153 23,365 25,818 1879 . . . 2,127 24,262 26,389 1880 . . . 2,152 24,259 26,411 1881 . . . 2,181 22,994 25,175 1882 . . . 2,162 23,024 25,186 1883 . . . 2,143 23,335 25,478

* Second war with Great Britain

The following summary shows the total numbers of soldiers serving in the various wars in which the United States was engaged prior to the Rebellion.

Soldiers of the War of the Revolution, 1775 to 1783 . . 289,715 Indian War, General Wayne, 1794 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,843 Indian War, 1811 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 War with Great Britain, 1812 to 1815, number of soldiers, sailors and marines serving 12 months or more . . . . 63,179 Number of militia serving 6 months or more . 66,325 " " " " 3 " " " . 125,643 " " " " 1 month " " . 125,307 " " " " less than 1 month . 147,200 ———- 527,654 Number of soldiers serving in Seminole War, 1817-18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,911 Black-Hawk War, 1831-32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,031 South-western disturbances, 1836 . . . . . . . . . . 2,803 Cherokee Country disturbances, 1836-37 . . . . . . . 3,926 Creek disturbances, 1836-37 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,418 Florida War, 1836-42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,122 Number of soldiers and sailors serving in Mexican War, 1846-47 . . . 105,454 Number of soldiers serving in New-York frontier disturbances, 1838-39 . . . . . . . 1,128 Arostook disturbances, 1838-39, 2 regiments . . . . . 1,430

APPENDIX Q.

The following table exhibits the school age, population, and enrollment of the States and Territories in 1881, with salaries paid to teachers, and total expenditure for schools.

School Age. School Population. STATES. No. Enrolled in Public Schools. Aggregate Salaries Paid to Teachers. Total Expenditure. Alabama . . . . . . . . . 7-21 422,739 176,289 $384,769 $410,690 Arkansas . . . . . . . . 6-21 272,841 98,744 388,412 California . . . . . . . 5-17 211,237 163,855 2,346,056 3,047,605 Colorado . . . . . . . . 6-21 40,804 26,000 557,151 Connecticut . . . . . . . 4-16 143,745 119,381 1,025,323 1,476,691 Delaware . . . . . . . . 6-21 37,285 29,122 138,819 207,281 Florida . . . . . . . . . 4-21 88,677 39,315 97,115 114,895 Georgia . . . . . . . . . 6-18 461,016 244,197 498,533 Illinois . . . . . . . . 6-21 1,002,222 701,627 4,722,349 7,858,414 Indiana . . . . . . . . . 6-21 714,343 503,855 3,057,110 4,528,754 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 5-21 594,730 431,513 3,040,716 5,129,819 Kansas . . . . . . . . . 5-21 348,179 249,034 1,167,620 1,976,397 Kentucky . . . . . . . . 6-20 553,638 238,440 1,248,524 Louisiana . . . . . . . . 6-18 271,414 62,370 374,127 441,484 Maine . . . . . . . . . . 4-21 213,927 150,067 965,697 1,089,414 Maryland . . . . . . . . 5-20 319,201 158,909 1,162,429 1,604,580 Massachusetts . . . . . . 5-15 312,680 325,239 4,130,714 5,776,542 Michigan . . . . . . . . 5-20 518,294 371,743 2,114,567 3,418,233 Minnesota . . . . . . . . 5-21 300,923 177,278 993,997 1,466,492 Mississippi . . . . . . . 5-21 419,963 237,288 644,352 757,758 Missouri . . . . . . . . 6-20 723,484 476,376 2,218,637 3,152,178 Nebraska . . . . . . . . 5-21 152,824 100,776 627,717 1,165,103 Nevada . . . . . . . . . 6-18 10,533 8,329 59,194 140,419 New Hampshire . . . . . . 5-15 60,899 63,235 408,554 577,022 New Jersey . . . . . . . 5-18 335,631 203,542 1,510,830 1,914,447 New York . . . . . . . . 5-21 1,662,122 1,021,282 7,775,505 10,923,402 North Carolina . . . . . 6-21 468,072 240,710 342,212 409,659 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . 6-21 1,063,337 744,758 5,151,448 8,133,622 Oregon . . . . . . . . . 4-20 61,641 34,498 234,818 318,331 Pennsylvania . . . . . . 6-21 1,422,377 931,749 4,677,017 7,994,705 Rhode Island . . . . . . 5-16 53,077 44,920 408,993 549,937 South Carolina . . . . . 6-16 262,279 133,458 309,855 345,634 Tennessee . . . . . . . . 6-21 545,875 283,468 529,618 638,009 Texas . . . . . . . . . . 8-14 230,527 186,786 674,869 753,346 Vermont . . . . . . . . . 5-20 99,463 74,646 366,448 447,252 Virginia . . . . . . . . 5-21 556,665 239,046 823,310 1,100,239 West Virginia . . . . . . 6-21 213,191 145,203 539,648 761,250 Wisconsin . . . . . . . . 4-20 491,358 300,122 1,618,283 2,279,103 Total for States . . . 15,661,213 9,737,176 $54,642,716 $83,601,327

School Age. School Population. TERRITORIES. No. Enrolled in Public Schools. Aggregate Salaries Paid to Teachers. Total Expenditure. Arizona . . . . . . . . . 6-21 9,571 3,844 $44,628 Dakota . . . . . . . . . 5-21 38,815 25,451 314,484 District of Columbia . . 6-18 43,558 27,299 $295,668 527,312 Idaho . . . . . . . . . . 5-21 7,520 6,080 38,174 44,840 Montana . . . . . . . . . 4-21 9,895 5,112 52,781 55,781 New Mexico . . . . . . . 7-18 29,255 4,755 28,002 28,973 Utah . . . . . . . . . . 6-18 42,353 26,772 113,768 199,264 Washington . . . . . . . 4-21 23,899 14,754 94,019 114,379 Wyoming . . . . . . . . . 7-21 4,112 2,907 25,894 28,504 Indian: Cherokees . . . . . . . 3,715 3,048 52,500 Chickasaws . . . . . . 900 650 33,550 Choctaws . . . . . . . 2,600 1,460 31,700 Creeks . . . . . . . . 1,700 799 26,909 Seminoles . . . . . . . 400 226 7,500 Total for Territories . . 218,293 123,157 $648,306 $1,510,115 Total for States . . . . 15,661,213 9,737,176 54,642,716 83,601,327

Grand total . . . . . . . 15,879,506 9,860,333 $55,291,022 $85,111,442

APPENDIX R.

The following table gives some interesting and important statistics respecting colleges in the United States.

No. Universities and Colleges. No. Instructors in Preparatory Department. No. Students in Preparatory Department. STATES No. Instructors in Collegiate Department. AND No. Students in Collegiate Department. TERRITORIES. No. Volumes in College Libraries. Value of Grounds, Buildings, and Apparatus. Income from Productive Funds. Receipts for the last Year from Tuition Fees. Alabama . . . . . 3 2 20 18 314 8,200 $300,000 $24,600 $8,000 Arkansas . . . . . 4 10 564 28 271 2,286 114,000 1,000 8,300 California . . . . 11 36 1,178 131 602 47,750 1,380,200 105,116 91,014 Colorado . . . . . 3 2 113 23 45 11,000 230,000 1,282 366 Connecticut . . . 3 62 959 148,155 472,884 120,776 114,128 Delaware . . . . . 1 8 54 6,000 75,000 4,980 500 Georgia . . . . . 6 2 70 54 554 30,100 652,300 43,493 10,650 Illinois . . . . . 28 58 2,901 224 1,887 130,630 2,511,550 95,229 116,844 Indiana . . . . . 15 58 1,793 128 1,329 76,591 1,298,000 50,029 29,646 Iowa . . . . . . . 18 46 1,697 168 1,614 51,022 789,000 51,382 42,568 Kansas . . . . . . 8 21 889 75 431 24,178 523,000 5,500 5,400 Kentucky . . . . . 14 18 594 97 1,178 45,076 673,000 38,443 37,060 Louisiana . . . . 9 22 1,022 68 174 57,995 837,000 15,100 21,060 Maine . . . . . . 3 3 45 32 422 59,371 863,500 39,000 22,000 Maryland . . . . . 11 18 325 160 1,385 49,922 892,500 181,734 45,705 Massachusetts . . 7 7 192 151 1,865 292,626 1,250,000 276,131 166,851 Michigan . . . . . 9 22 1,361 114 1,166 59,690 1,344,942 89,290 75,351 Minnesota . . . . 5 1 279 44 408 21,600 421,196 50,900 8,340 Mississippi . . . 3 7 557 21 320 8,400 446,000 32,643 8,275 Missouri . . . . . 16 37 1,101 196 1,605 108,315 1,127,220 63,005 135,294 Nebraska . . . . . 5 11 360 16 216 8,000 205,000 2,359 682 Nevada . . . . . . 1 1 40 New Hampshire . . 1 15 247 54,000 125,000 25,000 16,000 New Jersey . . . . 4 73 677 60,600 1,150,000 86,615 20,770 New York . . . . . 27 113 2,662 426 3,495 294,437 7,480,540 472,413 462,059 North Carolina . . 9 8 616 69 590 31,250 549,000 10,000 37,096 Ohio . . . . . . . 36 120 3,726 284 2,612 286,411 3,156,744 180,661 101,775 Oregon . . . . . . 8 21 785 38 458 9,420 257,000 20,600 15,950 Pennsylvania . . . 27 70 1,877 288 2,367 163,718 4,744,850 239,499 250,105 Rhode Island . . . 1 18 251 53,000 36,999 30,869 South Carolina . . 8 8 358 42 304 17,450 340,000 22,869 5,194 Tennessee . . . . 19 33 1,122 148 1,876 51,708 1,498,250 80,475 39,720 Texas . . . . . . 9 18 1,075 58 540 10,411 335,000 775 55,150 Vermont . . . . . 2 18 93 33,000 440,000 16,328 6,082 Virginia . . . . . 8 6 73 69 889 102,000 1,558,000 22,200 20,540 West Virginia . . 4 7 134 32 201 5,800 295,000 8,469 5,592 Wisconsin . . . . 8 15 786 88 658 48,765 890,300 101,556 56,702 Dist. of Columbia 5 9 359 43 222 47,411 900,000 1,957 1,165 Utah . . . . . . . 1 3 202 3 2,735 30,000 3,147 Washington . . . . 2 7 83 11 90 3,200 100,000 500 4,500

Total . . . . . 362 820 28,959 3,541 32,459 2,522,223 $40,255,976 $2,618,008 $2,080,450

STATISTICS RESPECTING SCHOOLS OF SCIENCE IN THE UNITED STATES.

Part I.—Institutions endowed with National Land-Grant.

Number of Schools. No. Instructors. ) Preparatory Department. No. Students.) No. Instructors. ) Scientific Department. STATES. No. Students.) No. Volumes in General Libraries. Value of Grounds, Buildings, and Apparatus. Income from Productive Funds. Receipts for the last Year from Tuition Fees. Alabama . . . . . . . . 1 1 47 11 135 2,000 $75,000 $20,280 Arkansas . . . . . . . . 1 2 14 200 170,000 10,400 $2,000 California . . . . . . . 1 0 0 26 101 Colorado . . . . . . . . 1 5 57 150 55,000 Connecticut . . . . . . 1 26 185 5,000 200,000 29,212 17,798 Delaware . . . . . . . . 1 Florida . . . . . . . . 0 10,004 Georgia . . . . . . . . 5 16 877 19 182 3,500 164,000 17,914 1,800 Illinois . . . . . . . . 1 3 77 24 303 12,942 545,000 21,398 10,619 Indiana . . . . . . . . 1 2 141 9 140 2,065 250,000 17,000 2,029 Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 15 20 211 6,000 500,000 45,000 0 Kansas . . . . . . . . . 1 13 267 3,050 99,525 31,225 426 Kentucky . . . . . . . . 1 2 13 182 85,000 9,900 1,500 Louisiana . . . . . . . 1 1 40 9 29 17,000 400,000 14,500 0 Maine . . . . . . . . . 1 8 110 4,105 145,000 7,500 Maryland . . . . . . . . 1 6 7 49 100,000 6,975 825 Massachusetts . . . . . 2 45 517 5,300 520,727 30,672 53,107 Michigan . . . . . . . . 1 0 0 12 227 6,250 274,380 20,517 0 Minnesota . . . . . . . 1 Mississippi . . . . . . 2 10 437 9 102 2,380 300,000 11,679 Missouri . . . . . . . . 2 2 25 15 209 1,750 46,660 7,680 1,300 Nebraska . . . . . . . . 1 25,000 Nevada . . . . . . . . . 1 New Hampshire . . . . . 1 10 44 1,200 100,000 4,800 New Jersey . . . . . . . 1 14 54 New York . . . . . . . . 1 0 0 52 259 253,509 North Carolina . . . . . 1 0 0 7 24 2,000 7,500 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 93 13 124 1,600 500,000 33,923 3,798 Oregon . . . . . . . . . 1 3 60 10,000 5,000 Pennsylvania . . . . . . 1 5 45 12 44 3,000 532,000 30,000 0 Rhode Island . . . . . . 1 South Carolina . . . . . 2 4 58 26,500 25,000 11,508 Tennessee . . . . . . . 1 25,410 Texas . . . . . . . . . 1 0 0 18 127 1,090 212,000 14,280 4,191 Vermont . . . . . . . . 1 0 0 9 23 8,130 Virginia . . . . . . . . 2 1 108 33 320 2,200 521,080 23,500 100 West Virginia . . . . . 1 Wisconsin . . . . . . . 1 0 0 18 124 200,000 15,322 18

Total . . . . . . . . 46 52 1,911 465 4,281 109,732 $6,308,881 $491,229 $99,511

U. S. Military Academy . 1 0 0 52 228 28,208 2,500,000 0 0 U. S. Naval Academy . . 1 0 0 65 261 22,629 1,292,390 0 0

Grand total . . . . . 48 52 1,911 582 4,770 160,569 $10,101,271 $491,229 $99,511

Part II.—Insitutions not endowed with National Land-Grant.

Number of Schools. No. Instructors. ) Preparatory Department. No. Students.) No. Instructors. ) Scientific Department. STATES. No. Students.) No. Volumes in General Libraries. Value of Grounds, Buildings, and Apparatus. Income from Productive Funds. Receipts for the last Year from Tuition Fees. California . . . . . . . 1 2 34 5 68 300 Colorado . . . . . . . . 2 8 83 600 $15,000 $1,500 Georgia . . . . . . . . 1 Indiana . . . . . . . . 1 900 135,000 $15,000 Massachusetts . . . . . 5 103 224 6,200 188,500 72,755 10,050 Michigan . . . . . . . . 1 3 7 Missouri . . . . . . . . 1 5 249 17 153 125,000 New Hampshire . . . . . 2 16 50 2,000 1,700 11,000 2,160 New Jersey . . . . . . . 2 29 156 5,000 650,000 43,450 19,780 New York . . . . . . . . 5 84 2,586 24,393 2,000,000 43,495 44,100 Ohio . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 100,000 9,734 Pennsylvania . . . . . . 8 7 89 2,268 42,468 594,000 6,050 Vermont . . . . . . . . 1 10 20 4,000 20,000 1,000 Virginia . . . . . . . . 3 8 123 550 400,000 1,200 7,000 District of Columbia . . 1