This Treatise on the Diseases of Women Is Dedicated to the Women of the World.

Yours for Health Lydia E. Pinkham

This entire book copyrighted in 1901 and 1904 by the Lydia E. Pinkham Medicine Co., of Lynn, Mass., U. S. A. All rights reserved and will be protected by law.

List of Lydia E. Pinkham's Remedies.

Illustration of Products

LYDIA E. PINKHAM'S VEGETABLE COMPOUND. Put up in three forms: Liquid, Lozenge, and Pills Price, $1.00 LYDIA E. PINKHAM'S LIVER PILLS, per Box " .25 LYDIA E. PINKHAM'S BLOOD PURIFIER " 1.00 LYDIA E. PINKHAM'S SANATIVE WASH, per Packet " .25

ALL THE ABOVE, EXCEPTING THE LIQUIDS, CAN BE SENT BY MAIL ON RECEIPT OF PRICE. ALL DRUGGISTS SELL MRS. PINKHAM'S REMEDIES.



CHAPTER I.

A WOMAN BEST UNDERSTANDS A WOMAN.

Experience a Perfect Teacher.—Do you know what it is to suffer pain? Have you had your body racked and torn with intense suffering? Have you ever experienced that indescribable agony which comes from overworked nerves?

Have you ever felt the sharp, stinging pain, the dull, heavy pain, the throbbing, jumping pain, the cramping, tearing pain, the sickening, nauseating pain? Then you know all about them. Nobody can tell you anything more. Experience is a perfect teacher.

Book-Learning Alone Not Sufficient.—Suppose you had never experienced pain, but had just read about it in a book, do you think you would have any kind of an idea of what genuine suffering was? Most certainly not.

Book knowledge is valuable. It teaches the location of countries, the use of figures, and the history of nations; but there are some things books cannot do, and the greatest of these is, they cannot describe physical and mental suffering. These are things that must be experienced.

Personal Experience Necessary.—After you have once suffered, how ready you are to sympathize with those who are going through the same severe trials. If a member of your own home or a friend is passing through the trying ordeal of motherhood, and you have suffered the same, how you can advise, suggest, comfort, guide! If you have had a personal experience of intense agony once every month, do you not think you are in a far better position to talk with one who is suffering in the same way than you would be if you had never gone through all this?

You Best Understand Yourself.—But let us go a little farther in this study. When you listen to an eminent orator, you have but little idea whether he is nervous or not, but little idea whether he is undergoing a severe strain or not; for you have never been in his place, cannot understand just that condition.

Men become greatly interested in political matters; perhaps it often seems to you that they become too much disturbed; and yet how can you judge, for you have never been in their place? And so we might go on, giving illustration after illustration as additional proof to this one great fact.

IT TAKES A WOMAN TO UNDERSTAND A WOMAN.

Man Cannot Know Woman's Suffering.—What does a man know about the thousand and one aches and pains peculiar to a woman? He may have seen manifestations of suffering, he may have read something about these things in books, but that is all. Even though he might be exceedingly learned in the medical profession, yet what more can he know aside from that which the books teach? Did a man ever have a backache like the dragging, pulling, tearing ache of a woman? No. It is impossible.

Even Medical Men Cannot Understand These Things.—To a man, all pain must be of his kind; it must be a man-pain, not a woman-pain. Take, for instance, the long list of diseases and discomforts which come directly from some derangement of the female generative organs; as, for instance, the bearing-down pains, excessive flowing, uterine cramps, and leucorrhoea. Do you think it possible for a man to understand these things? Granting that he may be the most learned man in the medical profession, how can he know anything about them only in a general way? You know, we know, everybody knows that he cannot.

A WOMAN CAN BEST PRESCRIBE FOR A WOMAN.

Relief First Offered in 1873.—Away back in '73 these thoughts came to Lydia E. Pinkham. She saw the most intense suffering about her on every hand, and yet no one seemed able to give relief. Her thorough education enabled her to understand that nearly all the suffering of womankind was due to diseases and affections peculiar to her sex.

The whole question resolved itself into just this: If a remedy could be made that would relieve all inflammations and congestions of the ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, and other female organs, the days of suffering for women would be largely over.

First Made on a Kitchen Stove.—Could this be done? Mrs. Pinkham believed with all her heart that it was possible. So on a kitchen stove she began the great work which has made her name a household word wherever civilization exists. Without money, but with a hopeful heart, she made up little batches of this remedy to give to neighbors and friends whom she felt could be relieved by it.

The story soon spread from house to house, from village to village, from city to city. Now it looked as if a business might be established upon a permanent basis, a basis resting upon the wonderful curative properties of the medicine itself.

"We Can Trust Her."—By judicious advertising the merits of this remarkable remedy were set forth; and before she was hardly aware of it, she found herself at the head of one of the largest enterprises ever established in this country.

That face so full of character and sympathy, soon after it was first published, years ago, began to attract marked attention wherever it was seen. Women said, "Here is one to whom we can tell our misery, one who will listen to our story of pain, one whom we can fully trust." And so the letters began to arrive from every quarter. Now hundreds of these letters are received every day. More than a hundred thousand were written in a single year. Everyone is opened by a woman, read by a woman, sacredly regarded as written strictly in confidence by one woman to another. Men do not see these letters.

Men Never See Your Letters.—Do you want a strange man to hear all about your particular disease? Would you feel like sitting down by the side of a stranger and telling him all those sacred things which should be known only by women? It isn't natural for a woman to do this; it isn't like her, isn't in keeping with her finer sense of refinement.

No Boys Around.—And then, how would it be when some boy opens the letters, steals time to read a few before they are handed to some other boy clerk to distribute (and probably read) around the office to the various departments? It makes one almost indignant to think how light and trivial these serious matters are so often regarded.

You Write to a Woman.—But when you know your letter is going to be seen only by a woman, one who sympathizes with you, feels sorry for you, knows all about you, how different all this seems.

Confidence Never Violated.—Although there are preserved in the secret files of Lydia E. Pinkham's laboratory many hundreds of thousands of letters from women from all parts of the world, yet in not a single instance has the writer accused Mrs. Pinkham of violating her confidence.

The Largest Experience in the World.—The one thing that qualifies a person to give advice on any subject is experience—experience creates knowledge. No person can speak from a greater experience with female ills nor a greater record of success than Mrs. Pinkham. Thousands of cases come each month, some personally, others by mail; and this has been going on thirty years, day after day, and day after day, thirty years of constant success—think of the knowledge thus gained. Surely women are wise in seeking advice from a woman with such an experience—especially when it is free. If you are ill get a bottle of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound at once—then write Mrs. Pinkham, Lynn, Mass.

What medical man has ever lived who has prescribed for so many women? What whole corps of physicians in any hospital or medical college has answered so many letters, or treated in any way so many patients?

She Helps Everyone.—No woman ever writes to her for advice without getting help. No matter how rare you think your case may be, she is almost certain to find letters on file asking advice for other cases of the same kind. By special permission of the writers I print a few of the letters showing what cures have been effected. But if the reader could go through these secret files which are never shown, she might hour after hour, day after day, week after week, spend her whole time reading letters, each one telling some special story of rescue from serious illness, intense suffering, or impending death.

The Largest Record of Cures.—The writers of these letters are found in every clime and there is hardly a country in the world without its multitude of grateful women cured by Lydia E. Pinkham's medicines. They have the largest record of absolute cures from female ills known to have been effected by any physician or his medicines.



CHAPTER II.

WHAT SHALL THE FUTURE GENERATION BE?

Important to the Nation.—It is impossible to fully comprehend how important to us as a nation is the health of the young women of to-day. We fail to realize that these women are to be the mothers of the next generation, and that in their hands will lie, in large measure, the power to form the characters and direct the destinies of the boys and girls of the future.

Woman Must Be Strong.—We may educate our young men all we wish, yet we cannot have national power through their strength alone. The women of the country must have this physical education if we are to have a people that is strong and hearty.

Upon the sound health and vigor of the young women of to-day will depend, to a large extent, the health and capacity of the future generations.

What are Girls Worth?—It is estimated that there are about twelve million young women in the United States between fourteen and twenty-eight years of age. What are these young women worth to the home, to the State, to the nation, to the human race? This is largely a question of physical health.

It is the stern duty of the mother to make this clear to her daughter, and it is the solemn duty of every young woman to thoroughly study the subject herself.

Not Prepared for Motherhood.—But largely through ignorance, often through indifference, these young girls become mothers when little prepared to do so, and they find not only their own health shattered thereby, but also that they are the mothers of weak, delicate, and perhaps deformed children.

Women Desire Children.—We read a great deal in the newspapers about how American women are doing everything they possibly can to prevent having children. This is not in accord with our experience. It is a slander on American womanhood,—it is an outrageous falsehood.

In not one letter in a thousand which we receive do wives ask how childbearing may be prevented, while every day brings us many, many letters asking if something cannot be done in order that there may be a baby in the house.

A Healthy Mother and Child.—If you desire a child, you wish a healthy child; and you certainly desire to be a strong mother, one capable of caring for her infant in every way, and able to direct it all through its young life. Then let us give you some advice.

Why Some Women Do Not Have Children.—The reason why some wives do not have children may be entirely the fault of the husband; but if this is not the case, then in all probability there is some inflammation of the generative organs. This may be of recent or of old standing. It must be thoroughly removed before the impregnated egg from the ovary can become attached.

The Cure for this Condition.—That these changes can be brought about in a vast number of cases I have the most positive testimony. I have advised such wives to continually use Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound; and, with this treatment alone, such a healthy condition of the generative organs has been brought about that pregnancy has very soon followed. This is precisely according to nature's laws, as I have indicated before.

Therefore, I say to every wife who desires a child, "Give Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound a thorough trial. If the fault is yours, the Compound will surely remove it, and the longing of your heart will be satisfied."



CHAPTER III.

REPRODUCTION.

The Reproductive Instinct Strong.—The reproductive instinct is very strong in the human race, as is indicated by the large amount of energy the woman expends in the bearing of children, and by both sexes in the care and education of their young. As we know, it is only by the production of new individuals that the continuance of the race is assured.

Problems of Reproduction.—The problems of reproduction are extremely broad, involving not only the immediate questions of individual reproduction, but also those broader and deeper ones which relate to heredity.

A New Life, By Chance.—It is a most astonishing fact that nearly all persons born into the world are given life as the result of chance rather than by careful design. "If my parents had only known!" is the frightful wail of many a wretched life.

To Create is Divine.—At no time does man come so near being omnipotent as when, by the tremendous powers given him, a new life is called into existence. And yet, whether strong or weak, refreshed or exhausted, healthy or diseased, sober or intoxicated, sweet or ill-tempered, yielding or resisting, a new life is begun which may be either of two extremes. How great are such questions! The human mind seems appalled when asked to consider them.

Education on These Subjects Necessary.—It is not the purpose of this book to moralize upon these themes, or to say what should and should not be done; but knowing something of the wretchedness of womankind, and the fearful slavery she often has to endure, I can only hope, with all my heart, that the coming generation may be better educated on these most important topics. It is with a thought or two of this kind in mind that I append the following brief outline of this subject:—

Two Sexes Necessary.—In the higher animals two sexes are necessary for the reproduction of the race, the male and the female. Each contributes some particular element toward the beginning of a new life; this is known as the germ-cell.

The Germ-Cells.—The germ-cells of the male are called spermatozoa, and those of the female, ova. The reproductive process is simply a fusion, or union of these male and female germ-cells.

The Male Elements.—The spermatozoa are exceedingly delicate and minute; they constitute the greatest part of the semen, or sperm. They are peculiar shaped bodies, having a head, body, and tail, as illustrated in the accompanying figure, and they can only be seen by powerful magnifying glasses. (Fig. 1.)

FIG. 1. At the left are six spermatozoa, or male-elements, male germ-cells. At the right is an ovum, egg, female germ-cell. All highly magnified.

They have the remarkable property of moving about with considerable activity, and their number is almost beyond computation.

Only One Male Element Necessary.—Although this number is so vast, yet only a single one is required to endow the female cell, or egg, with life. It is another illustration of how nature does everything possible to increase the chances of perpetuating the race, for without such immense numbers, the chances of the female egg being fertilized would be much less.

May Live for Days.—Although these male elements can live but a few hours outside of the body, even when especial precautions are taken to make every thing favorable to their existence, yet they have been known to maintain their full life in the vaginal canal for more than eight days after their discharge; another remarkable provision of nature, for the prolonged existence of these cells increases the probability of the fertilization of an egg, and thus increases the chances of producing a new life.

The Female Element.—As I have already said, the female germ-cell is also known as the ovum, or egg. A single ovum is shown in Fig. 1.

If not fertilized by the male elements, the egg passes off into the outside world; if fertilized, it stops in the cavity of the uterus, where it forms an attachment. Here it remains until perfectly developed, when, at the end of nine months, it is brought forth to the outside world as a perfect infant.

One Female Element; Many Male Elements.—The human ovum is often said to be a miniature of the egg of the common fowl, although there are some quite marked differences between the two. It is a very interesting fact to note that there is only one egg given off at a time; while there are many thousands of the male elements. This is in harmony with the larger size of the egg, and the fact that while this egg awaits fertilization it is most carefully protected within the body of the mother.

Where is Life First Made?—Where the wonderful union of the male and female elements takes place is not definitely known, although it is generally believed that it is upon the surface of the ovary, itself.

If this be true, then it is necessary for the male element to traverse the whole length of the uterine cavity, out along the course of the Fallopian tube, and there be deposited on the surface of the ovary.

The Fertilized Egg.—When a fertilized or impregnated egg is set free from the surface of the ovary, it follows the same course that the unimpregnated egg does until it reaches the uterus. Here some most remarkable changes immediately take place whereby the egg is held firmly to the inner wall of the uterine cavity; while the unimpregnated egg, as I have said, passes down the uterine cavity into the vagina, and thus out of the body. In other words, the fertilized egg is retained within the body, while the unfertilized one is cast off.

One Egg Discharged Each Month.—An ovum, or egg, is discharged during each menstrual period. It cannot be seen because of its minute size, a magnifying glass being necessary to detect it, even under favorable conditions. At just what time during this period the ovum is cast from the body is not definitely known, but it is generally thought to be toward the latter part.

Time When Fertilization is Most Probable.—From this it is seen that but one egg fully develops and ripens ready to be fertilized each month. As it is the ripened egg which is thrown off at each menstrual period, therefore it follows that the fertilization of this egg would be most probable at about the time of menstruation.

Times When Ova Do Not Ripen.—As a rule, these ova do not ripen, or develop, either during pregnancy, or during the nursing of the child, although there are certain exceptions to this rule; for menstruation occasionally takes place during lactation and pregnancy, and pregnancy itself may occur while the mother is nursing her child.



CHAPTER IV.

THE REMEDY THAT CURES.

A Vegetable Compound.—I hardly think it necessary to mention in detail the separate ingredients of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound. We wish to call your attention, however, to that word "Vegetable."

I do not believe in mercury, arsenic, and the host of mineral poisons which are found in so many remedies. When taken into the system they disturb every function, interfere with the most vital processes, and produce the most disastrous consequences.

The Purest and Best.—Knowing these things, Mrs. Pinkham was exceedingly careful to put only the purest and choicest of products of the vegetable kingdom into her Compound. Each of the roots and herbs is selected with the most extreme care, and all are prepared under the personal supervision of the most thoroughly trained specialists.

One Secret.—One great secret of the success of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound is that each vegetable is so treated that all useful elements are retained, and all useless discarded.

Highly Concentrated.—For instance, it is possible for the expert workmen in our laboratory to condense all the medicinal power that exists in a pound of the coarse root into a mass no larger than could be held on the point of a knife. In this way it is possible for a teaspoonful of the Vegetable Compound to represent all the curative properties usually found in eight or ten times that quantity; in other words, it is highly concentrated.

Acts Upon Female Organs.—Mrs. Pinkham knew from the very first that she was on the right track. She knew that her Vegetable Compound contained medicines which act directly and naturally upon the female organs.

She knew that one ingredient produced certain effects on the uterus, while other ingredients tended to relieve pain in the ovaries. She knew that one remedy would heal an inflamed uterine cavity, while another ingredient would cause better circulation in the blood-vessels of this part of the body. Having the theory all worked out most carefully, she awaited the practical test, feeling confident as to the result.

Success Was Immediate.—But she did not have to wait long. Immediately the cures began, and her neighbors and friends told each other what had been done for them. Soon letters came by the hundreds from all parts of the world. Thousands upon thousands have written to Mrs. Pinkham telling her their story, and giving to her, also, full permission to use their testimonials.

It Bridges the Gulf.—I am sure you would be delighted, as well as surprised, if you could see the immense difference between the first and last letters received from women. The first is the story of suffering, of extreme agony with prolonged misery and abandoned hope. The last is a song of gratitude, of great love, of joy and peace. The first tells of disease, the last of health. But what an immense gulf between these two!—a gulf, however, I am glad to say, that can be bridged with Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound.

You Cannot Possibly Doubt.—I do not believe you can possibly doubt for one moment the power of this marvelous remedy to cure the diseases of women. How can you doubt it? For a quarter of a century it has gone into every city, village, and hamlet in our land, and into almost every country home.

Across the water it is finding its way among the rich and the poor. No remedy was ever known that was so generally used. Wherever there are women, there are suffering women; and wherever there are suffering women you are sure to find Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound.

The Testimonials Are True.—Do you think there are hundreds of thousands of your own sex who would wilfully falsify? Do you think that any could be found who would deliberately do this, and without hope of gain or reward? Yet I could point you to hundreds of thousands of letters received from women who write from the fulness of the heart to thank us for what we have done for them.

We Speak Strongly.—Then am I not justified in speaking strongly to you? Don't you think we feel sure of our position? I certainly know what we have done for others, and that makes us feel sure we can do the same for you.

We Can Cure You.—I believe our Vegetable Compound will cure you. I believe it will cure every case where a cure is among the possibilities. You need not be particular whether the soreness in the lower part of your body is in the right side or the left side; whether the pain is sharp, or dull and heavy; whether you suffer terrible agony each month with local pain, or whether it is mental depression; whether the flow is too scant or too profuse.

It Corrects the Wrong.—You need not be particular about these things, for they all show that something is wrong, and Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound corrects this wrong. That is what it was made for; that is precisely the work it does.

Have Faith in Us.—Don't purchase a bottle thinking you will "see what it will do," having made up your mind that you will "try the experiment." Don't come in this spirit, for there is no need of it. Come with the feeling that has inspired so many thousands of your sisters,—come believing that you have at last found a remedy that will relieve you from this terrible slavery to suffering.

I am anxious to have you enjoy all the robust health that is your right. I am anxious to make you happy, hopeful, healthy. Put your confidence in Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound. You will never be disappointed.



CHAPTER V.

THE FEMALE PELVIS AND ITS CONTENTS.

The Pelvis.—The pelvis is the bony framework which forms the lower part of the body. On each side it forms a union with the hip bone to make the hip joint.

The female pelvis contains the reproductive organs (uterus, vagina, and ovaries), and also the bladder and lower bowel.

Fig. 2 gives a very good idea of the shape and general structure of this bony framework; while a careful study of Fig. 3 will enable one to form a very correct idea of the relative size and position of the various parts contained in this framework.

FIG. 2. The female pelvis. The flanging sides form the hips. The union of the bones in front forms the pubic arch which is felt at the front of the lower part of the body. The lower end of the spinal column, or backbone, is seen at the back of the figure.

The Vagina.—The vagina is a membranous canal extending from the surface of the body to the uterus, or womb. Its posterior wall is about 3-1/2 inches long, and its anterior about 3 inches. A careful study should be made of our illustration, in order that the relation of the vagina and uterus to the rectum behind and the bladder in front may be thoroughly understood; also the angle which is formed by the vagina and the uterus.

Notice should be taken, also, of the opening of the uterus into the upper part of the vagina; as inflammation of the uterus often causes a discharge which passes into the upper part of the vagina and finally out of the body. This gives rise to the belief that the only trouble is in the vagina itself, whereas the real seat of the disease may be high up in the uterus.

FIG. 3. A lateral view of the contents of the female pelvis. 1. the vagina; 2. uterus; 3. bladder; 4. lower bowel; 5. bone forming the pubic arch; 6. the spinal cord, with bone in front and back of it.

The Uterus.—The uterus, or womb, is a hollow organ formed of muscular tissue, and lined with a delicate mucous membrane. The bladder is in front, the rectum behind, and the vagina below.

Three Parts.—Physicians divide this important organ into three parts,—the fundus, body, and neck. The fundus is all the upper rounded portion; the body all that portion between the fundus and the neck; and the neck all the rounded lower part.

The Cavity of the Uterus.—This is divided into the cavity of the body and the cavity of the neck. By consulting our illustration it is seen that these cavities differ greatly in shape; that of the body being triangular, while that of the neck is barrel-shaped.

By referring again to Fig. 4 it will be seen that the cavity of the body has three openings, one on either side at the top going to the Fallopian tubes, and an opening at the bottom passing into the cavity of the neck. A constriction exists between these two cavities; but after childbirth this is largely done away with, and there is not that marked difference which existed formerly.

Glands in Uterus.—In the mucous membrane lining the uterus are vast numbers of minute glands which secrete mucus. It has been asserted that in the cavity of the neck alone there are from ten to twelve thousand of these glands. It is in this mucous membrane that such remarkable changes occur each month during menstruation, and still more wonderful changes during pregnancy.

The Ligaments of the Uterus.—By referring to Fig. 5 it will be seen that there are on each side of the uterus flat bands of tissue known as "broad ligaments." These ligaments are attached to the sides of the pelvic cavity, and aid greatly in holding the uterus firmly in place. There are also other ligaments concerned in this same work, although the broad ligaments are most important. The illustration also shows the walls of the vagina cut open, in order that the position of the mouth of the uterus may be easily seen.

FIG. 4. This illustration shows the cavities in a uterus which has been pregnant. 1, the vagina; 2, cavity of the neck of the uterus; 3, cavity of the body, above which is the fundus of the uterus; 4, Fallopian tubes, extending to the ovaries.

FIG. 5. The female generative organs. 1, the vagina; 2, uterus; 3, broad ligament of left side; 4, a smaller ligament; 5, Fallopian tube; 6, ovary; 7, fringed end of Fallopian tube.

Blood-Vessels Surrounding Uterus.—The uterus is well supplied with blood-vessels, as Fig. 6 shows. Indeed, there is all over the walls of the uterus and through its tissue a vast network of these vessels. Whenever, for any reason, the circulation of the blood through the pelvis is disturbed, these blood-vessels are likely to become engorged, over-filled, producing congestion and inflammation.

FIG. 6. The blood-vessels of the right side of the uterus. 1, blood vessels; 2, end of the Fallopian tube; 3, ovary; 4, right edge of uterus.

All Parts Closely Related.—The close relation of these blood-vessels to the blood-supply of the bowels, liver, etc., makes it possible for most serious disturbances to take place even from slight causes.

Study the Illustrations.—By studying these illustrations it can be readily seen how an over-distended rectum may produce such an impediment to the circulation that there will be congestion of all the neighboring parts. Or, the intestines themselves may become over-distended with faecal matter, or gas, from dyspepsia, and the pressure induced thereby may be sufficient to interfere with the free circulation of these parts, and thus uterine congestion produced.

It is also seen how improper dress may compress the organs about these parts, and thus interfere with the circulation. Again, it is easily understood, simply from studying the illustrations alone, how any of these causes might produce dislocation of the uterus itself.

Object of Uterus.—The uterus is the source of the menstrual discharge, a place for the foetus during its development, and the source of the nutritive supply of this foetus. It is the uterus which contracts at full term and expels the child.

Uterus Not Rigidly Fixed.—In a perfectly normal condition there is considerable mobility to the uterus; in other words, it is not fixed firmly by the ligaments already mentioned. It is rather simply suspended, or hung in the pelvic cavity, by these broad flat bands of tissue.

A full bladder will push it backward, while a distended rectum will move it forward; as the body changes its posture, so will the uterus change its position by force of gravity.

Cannot Be Bent Upon Itself.—The uterus cannot be bent upon itself without producing injury; neither can it be pushed too far forward or backward, nor crowded down too far without causing great distress and actual disease.

Fallopian Tube.—Figs. 4 and 5 show that there is given off from each side of the upper part of the uterus a tube. This is called the Fallopian tube.

Each tube is about four inches long. Near the uterus its cavity will just admit an ordinary bristle; but near its free end, at the ovary, it is as large as a goose-quill.

It is a peculiar tube in that it terminates in a number of fringe-like processes, one of which is always attached to the ovary itself.

FIG. 7. Part of an ovary, showing a ripe ovum, or egg, about to be cast off, as occurs at each menstrual period. It is here this egg may be fertilized or impregnated by the male elements.

Object of This Tube.—The Fallopian tube conveys the sperm of the male from the uterus to the ovary, and also takes the germ-cell (or ovule, or egg) from the ovary to the uterus.

When a ripe egg is about to be discharged from the ovary, one of these fringe-like processes of the Fallopian tube grasps it and receives it into the mouth of the tube, whence it is conveyed directly into the uterine canal.

Ovary.—On each side of the uterus and in each side of the pelvic cavity is an ovary. It is about one and a half inches in length, three-fourths of an inch in width, and one-third of an inch in thickness. It weighs from one to two drachms, and is an elongated, oval-shaped body.

FIG. 8. This figure illustrates the course followed by an ovum. The ripened egg leaves the ovary (1), passes down the Fallopian tube (2), and thence into the uterine cavity (3).

FIG. 9. An exceedingly minute piece of an ovary, highly magnified. It shows eight ova or eggs.

Object of Ovaries.—The ovaries are the essential organs of generation in the female. In each ovary are large numbers of cells, ovules, or eggs, one of which, at least, is supposed to pass into the uterine cavity with each menstruation. Anatomists tell us that each human ovary contains as many as 30,000 of these ovules, or eggs.

LOCAL TREATMENT.—FAST PASSING AWAY.

It Makes One Indignant.—When I recall the terrible and almost horrible treatment which women have had to undergo in the past, I cannot help but become deeply indignant. It seems as if all medical study had gone for naught, as if the teachings of nature had been forgotten, and most of all, as if no such thing as delicacy and modesty existed.

This Makes Confirmed Invalids.—It is only necessary for a woman to complain of discomfort in the back, a bearing-down pain, or some unnatural discharge, when some physician says that local treatment, and local treatment only, must be taken.

Women so thoroughly understand what their physician is going to say that they do not consult him, but go on suffering more and more until they become almost confirmed invalids. Others, after they are told what must be done, return home and become gloomy and melancholy over the outlook.

Specialists Are Crazy for Work.—The specialists are so crazy for this kind of work that it seems as though they would gladly scrape and burn the inside of the stomach for dyspepsia, if they could do so! Or, they would take a long probe and go down into the interior of the lungs and apply strong caustics, if such a thing were possible!

The Patient Is Deceived.—If the ache, or the pain, or the discharge was on the back of the hand where it could be seen, and where these "treatments" could be watched, the specialists would have a hard showing indeed, for the patient herself would then see that little good came from these local applications.

But being situated within the body, so that only the physician himself can examine the parts, the patient has to rest content, not knowing whether a little pure water is applied (and the fee collected), or whether the strongest acids which burn deep into the tissues are used (and the fee collected).

Local Treatment Unnecessary.—Now all of this is almost invariably unnecessary. It is not showing ordinary common-sense, not in accord with nature, and not in keeping with the best medical science of to-day.

Yet thousands upon thousands of women are undergoing the worst kind of mental and physical torture in taking these local treatments, while all the savings of the household have to go toward paying the enormous bills of the specialist.

The True Doctor Not Blamed.—Do not misunderstand me, please. I am not talking against doctors, not against the real, true, genuine, noble physicians and surgeons.

There is no nobler profession than that of the physician, none practiced more faithfully than the good old family physician of this country practice theirs. The best of them are glad to help their patients in any way they can, and in spite of professional prejudice, many have tried Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound upon their patients and have been delighted at the wonderful success of the trial.

Nature the Best Teacher.—The trouble with so many of these physicians who call themselves "Specialists on Diseases of Women" is that they get it into their head that they know more than nature. They map out a course of their own, and pay no attention whatever to the laws of health. Just as if a dog barking at the moon would make it shine less brightly!

Now any one who has given any thought to the preservation of the health can readily understand how impossible it would be to cure an inflammation of the uterus or ovaries, or check an unnatural discharge from the vagina, by applying strong acids, nitrate of silver, pure carbolic acid, strong tincture of iodine, or other destroying, caustic, irritating, and dangerous drugs.

All of these must be injurious, must postpone recovery, and if their use be continued for any great length of time must make a cure quite impossible.

A Good Medicine Needed.—Of course what is needed in these cases is something that will restore the natural circulation of the blood through the tissues of the uterus, something that will relieve congestion and cure inflammation. When the swelling and irritation have subsided, then the nerves are no longer irritated, and all pain disappears.

What This Will Do.—Then all these parts become better nourished, the weakened and diseased tissues take on new strength, and all unnatural discharges cease.

When the relaxed ligaments are properly fed and toned up, then they hold the uterus in its natural position, and all bearing-down pains and other symptoms of displacement quickly disappear. Of course this constitutional treatment with Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound is hastened by keeping the parts perfectly clean, which can be easily done with Lydia E. Pinkham's Sanative Wash.

A Hearty Welcome to the Perfect Cure.—A hearty welcome to the most scientific treatment; a hearty welcome to the most natural, the most easy, and the most perfect method of cure; a hearty welcome to Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound; a hearty welcome to the remedy that never fails to restore the uterus to perfect health and natural position.



CHAPTER VI.

MENSTRUATION.

Occurs Monthly.—Once every twenty-eight days very remarkable changes occur in the uterus, giving rise to that peculiar monthly periodicity called menstruation, monthly sickness, monthlies, or being unwell. Although this usually occurs once in about four weeks, yet it may be a week less or a week longer; or, indeed, the variation may be even greater than this.

Symptoms of its Approach.—As a perfectly natural menstrual period approaches, there is a certain degree of discomfort and lassitude, a sense of weight in the lower part of the body, and more or less disinclination to enter society. These symptoms may be slightly pronounced or very prominent, for it is quite unusual to find a person who does not have at least some general discomfort at this time.

Its Appearance.—First there is a slight discharge of mucus which soon becomes of a rusty brown or yellow color from the mixture of a small quantity of blood. By the second or third day the discharge has the appearance of pure blood. The unpleasant sensations which were so marked at first now gradually subside, and the discharge, after continuing for a certain number of days, grows more and more scanty. The color changes from a pure red to a rusty tinge, and finally disappears altogether. Then the ordinary duties are resumed.

The Age of Puberty.—Menstruation begins at about fourteen or fifteen years of age, this period being known as "the age of puberty." It is preceded and attended by peculiar signs. The whole figure becomes more plump and round, the hips increase in breadth, and the breasts rapidly develop. The more striking changes, however, occur in the inclinations and emotional susceptibilities.

Age Modified.—A great many circumstances modify the age at which the first menstruation takes place. In hot climates this takes place earlier, the difference between hot and cold countries being as great as three years; yet heredity has more to do with this than anything else. "As was the mother so is the child" is a common saying among women.

Continues About Thirty Years.—The menstrual function continues active from this age until about the forty-fifth year, although this may be extended even ten years later. During all these years the woman is capable of bearing children, because at each month there has been a fully developed ovum, or egg, ready to be fertilized.

The Change of Life.—When the menstrual function ceases, then the period of childbearing is over. The time of its disappearance is known as "the change of life, or menopause."

Amount of Monthly Loss.—The amount of blood lost during menstruation varies greatly with different individuals, and it would be quite impossible to give anything like an accurate rule. It varies, normally, from one to eight ounces, the average being probably about five ounces.

Duration of Period.—The duration of the period is from one to eight days, the average being five days. Hence it will be seen that the average loss of fluid per day would be about one ounce.

Loss Should Be Small.—It should be stated here that, as a rule, those enjoy the best health who lose but a small quantity of blood at this time. Some persons seem to think that a very free discharge is necessary, and that they feel better at such times; but there is no possible reason why this should be the case.

The First Menstruation.—The appearance of the first menstruation is a most critical time in the life of every young girl, and the mother should be prepared to give her daughter the best of advice. Some slight inattention, some undue exposure, some thoughtlessness due entirely to ignorance on these great subjects, may change the whole future from a life of comfort and good health to prolonged days of misery and intense suffering.

Menstruation and Childbearing.—It is the belief at the present time, among all who have studied this subject, that menstruation is closely connected with the function of childbearing. The changes which take place each month within the uterine cavity are of precisely the proper character to prepare this tissue for the reception of the fertilized egg.

Rules to be Observed.—A few rules should be carefully followed during each menstruation, in order that future trouble may be prevented. First of all, it is necessary to avoid taking cold; yet a person should not stay in the house by the side of a fire, or in a warm room all the time, for this would increase the susceptibility to cold.

Care should be taken to avoid undue exposure, for nothing will disturb the menstrual process quicker than the sudden chilling of the body, especially when moist with perspiration.

Intense mental excitement should be avoided, also. If the young girl is at school, she should be told to study more lightly at this time; while any great excitement of any kind, as giving way to anger, or extreme merriment, should be avoided.

The feeling of debility and depression which usually accompanies this time is a gentle warning by nature that the body should remain quiet and at rest.

It is natural for many persons to be especially depressed at this time; an effort should be made by those who understand the situation to make everything as agreeable and pleasant as possible to the sufferer.

Danger to School Girls.—Without the slightest doubt, many women are suffering intensely to-day who might be enjoying the best of health had they not been obliged to study so intensely while in school. A moderate amount of study does no harm at this time, but the dread of examinations, with our modern system of cramming at certain times of the school year, has, without doubt, so worked upon the nervous system that many a life has been made miserable as a result.

Danger to Office Girls.—It is astonishing, when one fully understands the processes of menstruation, how so many girls and young women can remain all day behind the counter in the store, or at the work-table, during these few trying days, and even escape without serious illness. Employers never think of the subject, and there is a natural delicacy on the part of those most concerned to mention the subject.

There should be in all such establishments some woman to whom these girls could confide their condition. This woman, or overseer, could easily be made responsible for the apparent neglect of duties by these girls at such times.

Criminal Carelessness.—How often is it true that young ladies attend balls, skate, and otherwise recklessly expose themselves at this most critical time. One is almost inclined to call such exposures really criminal, because of the terrible consequences so sure to follow.

A simple wetting of the feet, or resting quietly in a draught after exercise, during menstruation may impose upon the person a life-long injury. How carefully, then, should mothers watch their daughters at these periods, and how strongly should they impress upon them the necessity of special care.

Condition of Bowels Important.—The condition of the bowels should also be carefully looked after at these times. Indeed, this is so important that it should never be neglected. There should be at least one good movement of the bowels each day. Nothing can more certainly derange the menstrual function than persistent constipation.

Regularity Important.—Every mother should make careful inquiry into the exact frequency of the menstrual period with her young daughter, at least during the first two years of the menstrual function.

If there is pain at this time, then something is certainly wrong, and treatment should be taken at once. If there is irregularity, this also requires most prompt attention, as it will surely develop into something serious sooner or later. If the flow is too free, or not free enough, or if there is any deviation from the standard of health, the mother should be acquainted with it, and should proceed at once to correct the difficulty.

First Two Years Very Important.—If a girl can get through the first two years of her menstrual life without serious disease, she stands a very good chance of enjoying good health during the rest of her life; while a slight mistake at this time may produce the most serious disease in later life. If you do not understand your ailments write to Mrs. Pinkham, Lynn, Mass. Her advice is free and always helpful.



CHAPTER VII.

DISORDERS OF MENSTRUATION.

Amenorrhoea.—This is a condition in which the monthly flow is suspended. It can hardly be called a disease, as it is rather a symptom of some disorder of the uterus, or of some constitutional defect. This may occur at the time when menstruation should normally appear, namely, from fourteen to fifteen years of age.

Danger of a Decline.—If the young girl does not menstruate at sixteen, seventeen, or eighteen, something is certainly wrong, and treatment should be taken at once in order to correct the difficulty before the girl goes into a decline. It is not wise to trust too much to nature in these cases.

Such girls are generally thin and pale, with a peculiar sallow, or yellowish-green color to the skin which has given rise to the term "green-sickness," or "Chlorosis." They fall easy victims to scrofula, consumption, nervous prostration, insomnia, and other diseases.

Treatment.—When the time for menstruation arrives, and the flow does not appear, the mother should give her daughter regular doses of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound. This remedy acts strictly according to the laws of nature, and simply brings about natural conditions.

For some reason nature may not succeed in beginning this important change in the girl's life, but with the help that comes from the Vegetable Compound, this is sure to come to pass.

How Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound Acts.—A better circulation is established, the condition of the blood is improved, the nervous system is greatly invigorated, and, as a result, the menstrual flow is established.

This should set at rest a great deal of worry on the part of the mother, and it means a great deal to the daughter, as well. Now, the mother can be assured that one great danger is passed, and, with proper care and attention, there need be no more trouble.

Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, however, should be taken for some weeks or months until the habit is well established and menstruation appears regularly every twenty-eight days.

Delicate Girls.—If the young girl menstruates, and yet is not in good health, then she should certainly take the Vegetable Compound for a week before the time when menstruation is expected; the great object being to establish regularity in the menstrual function.

Keep the Bowels Regular.—In all these cases attention should be given to the condition of the bowels, which are usually constipated. To correct this, the girl should take laxative doses of Lydia E. Pinkham's Liver Pills, just enough each night so that there may be one good, natural movement the day following.

Look Well to the Diet.—A great deal can be done, also, in the way of diet. Girls, especially at this time, have a most perverted appetite, preferring pickles, olives, rich pies and cakes, and other indigestible foods. These are all bad, of course, as they disturb the digestion and keep the blood thin.

Let the diet consist principally of rich milk, eggs, lamb chops, beefsteak, chicken, and good bread and butter. If the milk rests heavy on the stomach, then add a tablespoonful of lime water to each glass of milk.

Daily exercise in the open air is also of value, and the sleeping-room should be well ventilated, especially at night.

Menstruation Suspended During Pregnancy.—During pregnancy menstruation is usually suspended, although the regular monthly flow may continue for two or three months. Of course, suspension at this time is natural, and nothing should be done to bring on the flow.

If menstruation appears when there is a strong probability that pregnancy exists, then the person should remain quietly in bed and eat only light food, and every precaution should be taken lest a miscarriage be brought on.

Should a Mother Nurse Her Child While Menstruating?—Menstruation is also usually suspended during nursing, although not infrequently this function is resumed again three or four months after childbirth. The question here arises whether the mother should continue to nurse her child while menstruating.

If the child remains healthy, keeps steadily gaining in weight, and seems to be well nourished, and if the mother is not losing ground in any way, then there is no reason why the mother should not keep on nursing her child. If, however, the mother's health fails, or if there is evidence that the child is not prospering, then weaning should take place.

As a rule, a menstruating mother does not have good milk for her child; it is usually thin and watery; although, as I have said, under certain conditions nursing may continue.

Sudden Suppression.—Sudden suppression of menstruation is most generally due to a cold, mental shock, or undue exposure of some kind. It is always accompanied with pain in the back, headache, more or less fever, and other unpleasant symptoms. It should generally be considered as a dangerous condition, and every effort should be made to restore the menstrual function. Sometimes when menstruation is suddenly suppressed in this way, a so-called "vicarious" menstruation occurs, and there is hemorrhage from the lungs, the nose, the gums, the bowels, or from some other source.

Treatment of Suppression.—The treatment of sudden suppression consists of a hot foot-bath, or sitting in a tub of hot water. At the same time the person should drink a bowl of hot ginger tea, or hot lemonade, be covered well with blankets, and every effort be made to bring about a profuse sweating. Then have the person go to bed, and apply hot cloths across the lower part of the bowels. Place at the feet bottles of hot water, or hot bricks, and keep up the perspiration in this way for an hour or two. This is all that need be done in the great majority of cases.

Only One Medicine to be Taken.—As the shock to the system tends to disturb the menstrual function for some time to come, the person should begin at once with Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, and should continue it through the coming month, in order to insure that the next menstruation may be normal in every way.

Scanty Menstruation.—Often menstruation appears with perfect regularity and yet is greatly deficient in amount. As we have stated elsewhere, there is no rule about this, and yet when the menstrual function is scanty, it is almost invariably a symptom of anaemia, or poverty of the blood.

Anaemic Girls.—Such girls are listless, easily tired, nervous, with little appetite, poor digestion, and with no resistive power.

By taking Lydia E. Pinkham's Blood Purifier regularly a most remarkable change is brought about; and by the use of an easily digested and very nourishing diet, as just given in this chapter, together with plenty of outdoor exercise, this condition can be corrected before serious trouble ensues.

Dysmenorrhoea.—This is better known as "painful menstruation." It is due to a large number of causes, and yet can almost invariably be relieved by proper treatment.

Two Great Causes.—In the great majority of cases the cause is two-fold: Weakness of the nerves and congestion of the uterus. These are so closely allied that it is often quite impossible to tell which is the ruling factor; indeed, one seems to be largely dependent upon the other.

It is certainly true that congestion of the uterus almost invariably produces neuralgia of different parts of the body; while nervous exhaustion, nervous prostration, neuralgia, and general nervousness often show themselves by this increased pain at the menstrual period.

Symptoms of Dysmenorrhoea.—Usually the most marked pain is before the flow is well established. The person has a heavy pain in the lower part of the bowels, with sharp, darting pains extending down the back of the limbs. Then the pain becomes more concentrated in the uterus itself, or sometimes in an ovary at the side.

The pain may begin as a dull, heavy ache, which gradually changes into a sharp, darting pain, and which culminates at last in distinct and positive attacks of uterine colic, or cramps.

The person suffers such intense pain that a chill may be produced which is followed by a high fever. Often the pains are of a bearing-down character, and are not unlike those in the last stages of ordinary labor.

Often Make a Complete Wreck.—These attacks of uterine cramps tell severely on the general health of the person, and if they are allowed to continue without treatment, they almost invariably make a complete wreck of the constitution.

Can Be Cured.—This most distressing and most agonizing complaint may be quickly and entirely cured by a thorough course of treatment with Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound. This remedy should be taken continuously; not a day should pass without the regular dose.

Old Cases Cured.—If the disease has existed for some time, it must not be expected that it can be cured in a month, but by perseverance the cure will certainly come and will be perfectly satisfactory.

A Valuable Aid.—In the meantime, the person who suffers from painful menstruation, a day or two before menstruation is expected, should take Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, being careful to keep the bowels in good condition.

Additional Treatment.—If possible, the person had better remain in bed, or recline upon a sofa, for at least a day before the expected menstruation, certainly as soon as the first uncomfortable symptoms appear. Then have her take a hot foot-bath, get into bed and cover with warm blankets, with bags or bottles of hot water, or hot bricks at the feet and back, and with warm cloths over the lower part of the abdomen.

Temporary Relief.—If the pain is exceedingly severe, and is not relieved by these simple measures, then wring out flannel cloths from as hot water as can be borne and place these over the lower part of the bowels, directly over the uterus, covering them with dry flannels. As soon as these become cool, change for hot cloths again, using care, of course, that the cloths be not hot enough to burn. It is often surprising what instant relief from pain this simple procedure will produce.

Do Not Take Opium.—No one should think for a moment of taking opium in any form at these times, as the opium habit is very easily contracted and is almost impossible to break up. This is also true of other anodyne remedies. By carrying out the suggestions given above, it will be found that their use will not be necessary.

Thousands of Grateful Letters.—If the readers of this book could only see the thousands of letters from grateful women the world over telling how this Vegetable Compound relieved them from the fearful torture which they had been enduring for years once a month, they would use every endeavor possible to spread the good news to every suffering friend that at last there is a perfect and absolute cure for this most distressing and most frightful complaint.

Reasons for these Startling Cures.—The reason why Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound works so admirably in these cases is easily understood when we call to mind the fact that some of its ingredients are the strongest of nerve tonics, building up, strengthening, and giving tone to the whole nervous system; while other ingredients have the remarkable property of relieving congestion of all the female generative organs.

To Illustrate "Congestion."—If a string be tied around the base of the finger snugly, but not too tightly, the finger soon becomes darkened from the obstructed circulation. We say the finger is "congested." All that has to be done, in this case, is to cut the string and the congestion is promptly relieved.

Cures Congestion.—In cases of congestion of the uterus, Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound removes obstruction to the circulation as effectually as cutting the string relieves the congestion of the finger. When the circulation is perfectly natural through these parts, then the congestion and inflammation must disappear and the uterus itself must again resume its natural position.

Menorrhagia.—This is better known as "profuse menstruation." Just what constitutes an unnatural loss of blood cannot be stated, as each woman is a rule to herself. From experience she knows just about what is the normal amount she should lose each month and retain her health and strength.

When this amount is more than natural, especially when sufficient to produce weakness and prostration, then it becomes "profuse."

Occurs in the Full-Blooded.—Profuse menstruation may occur in those who are very full-blooded, or in those who are extremely weak and pale. When occurring in the former, the person usually complains of a dull, heavy, throbbing headache, pain in the back, and other symptoms of fever. Such persons recover from an excessive flow of blood quite promptly, and do not suffer severely from it.

Occurs in the Pale.—On the other hand, when this condition occurs in those who are very weak, pale, and thin, there is usually great prostration, which may even become most alarming.

Treatment for the Former.—When profuse menstruation occurs in those who are full-blooded, the diet should be quite simple and plain. Indeed, it would be better if the person should take but two meals a day and should eat but little or no meat. Immediately upon the appearance of menstruation she should go to bed and remain there as quiet as possible, for in this way the pain and fever will be less and the amount of the flow greatly diminished.

Treatment When Pale and Debilitated.—It is a much more serious matter when this excessive loss occurs in those who are pale and debilitated. Often the most energetic measures are necessary even to preserve life itself. The following rule should be observed when possible:—Just as soon as menstruation appears, the person should go to bed and remain there quietly until the flow is nearly over.

Of course it is an easy matter to give these directions, and exceedingly hard, often quite impossible, for them to be carried out. Many women have work that must be done, or children who must be cared for during these days just as well as any other time, and it is almost out of the question for them to remain quiet.

Yet the question seems to be whether they will remain in bed two or three days at this time, and then have far better health for the rest of the month, or whether they will drag along through all the month. We would certainly urge that this suggestion be carried out as often as possible, and that for one or two days the person keep as quietly in bed as possible.

When Very Excessive.—If the flow is very free, then the foot of the bed may be raised three or four inches by placing blocks of wood under each lower corner. This will tend to check the flow.

Wonderful Cures Possible.—Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound has made some most startling and almost miraculous cures in just these conditions. An immense number of letters are on file from women who have despaired of relief, given up all hope, and who were confirmed invalids until after taking this famous remedy. Its continued use heals the inflammation in the cavity of the uterus, causes a better circulation through that organ, makes the blood richer, strengthens the digestion, and thus greatly improves the general health.

Relief is Prompt.—The very next month after beginning its use the flow is diminished, the next month it is still less, and so on, until soon there is only a regular, natural menstruation.

A Happy Change.—And what a change this means to suffering women! It means new life, new hope, new ambition, new courage. It means work better done, children better cared for, and all social and domestic duties better performed. I am indeed most happy in being able to tell suffering women what prompt relief Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound is sure to bring them.

In these cases I always recommend the use of the Vegetable Compound in the form of Lozenges, or Pills.

Metrorrhagia.—When there is great loss of blood at other times than during the menstrual period, it is given the technical name of metrorrhagia. It means "uterine hemorrhage."

Keep the person quietly in bed, and have the foot of the bed raised as suggested above. If the hemorrhage is at all severe, a physician should be summoned in order that a careful examination may be made and the cause of this unusual occurrence thoroughly understood. If you do not understand your ailments write to Mrs. Pinkham, Lynn, Mass. Her advice is free and always helpful. All such letters are strictly confidential; only women assist her in answering them.



CHAPTER VIII.

DISEASES OF THE UTERUS AND OVARIES.

Inflammation of the Uterus.—Inflammation of the uterus may be either acute or chronic. When acute, as following an abortion, taking cold during menstruation, etc., there is considerable fever, pain in the lower part of the bowels, nausea, and sometimes vomiting, tenderness on pressure over the uterus, pain when passing the urine and general discomfort.

Treatment of the Acute Form.—The treatment consists in having the person remain quietly in bed, applying bottles of hot water to the feet, if they are cold, and keeping cool cloths over the head if hot from the fever. In this way the circulation may be better balanced, and the tendency to congestion relieved.

Then take a flannel cloth about six inches square, dip it in hot water, and wring as dry as possible with the hands; now sprinkle ordinary spirits of turpentine freely over one side, and place this side directly over the centre of the lower part of the bowels, that is, just over the uterus. Cover this flannel with another warm, dry flannel, and allow it to remain on until the smarting is quite pronounced, or the skin red. Then remove this, and apply hot cloths wrung from hot water. Use the turpentine cloth again in four or six hours, if the tenderness and pain still persist.

Only One Medicine Needed.—Begin at once with Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, in order that the attack may be cut short. This the Compound will certainly do if taken faithfully according to directions.

After the acute attack is over, if there is any constipation, this should be relieved by Lydia E. Pinkham's Liver Pills; and if there is any discharge from the uterus, Lydia E. Pinkham's Sanative Wash should be used once or twice each day, in order to hasten recovery all that is possible.

Chronic Inflammation.—It is not exaggerating in the least to say that probably 75 out of every 100 women in the world have more or less chronic inflammation of the uterus.

Causes.—The causes of this are many, as improper dress, which constricts the waist, and presses down upon the delicate organs in the pelvis; improper attention to the health at each menstruation; over-work; anxiety; miscarriages; unskillful treatment at childbirth, etc.

Lives of Suffering and Sorrow.—What miserable lives women have to endure who go about from day to day with a chronic inflammation of the uterus. Each hour there is that dragging, pulling, bearing-down pain; that heavy weight; that terrible depression; and that feeling of abandoned hope. Yet hundreds of thousands, I might say millions of women have had all this suffering and sadness turned to joy and comfort, simply by taking Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound.

Stories Almost Beyond Belief.—The stories received from our friends seem almost beyond belief. The most striking of them cannot be printed because I fear my readers would think such cures were quite impossible. The letters tell as terrible stories, as frightful conditions as could possibly exist, and yet all this has quickly and promptly changed to robust health by the use of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound. So often has this been reported that there is not the least room for doubt.

I Speak Positively.—I am not guessing in this matter; it is altogether too serious; there is too much at stake. So I urge upon you to give Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound a thorough trial, feeling positive, without the slightest question of a doubt, that you will be quickly and permanently cured.

Leucorrhoea.—This is also known as "the whites, or the female weakness." It is a symptom of inflammation of the uterus; and that this disease is so prevalent is again proved by this almost universal ailment among women.

It is characterized by a white discharge from the vagina which often becomes very irritating, and is especially bad just before or after menstruation. It is a symptom that should not be allowed to go untreated, for it shows that there is serious trouble which may bring about an incurable condition. Yet when properly treated, it may be quickly remedied, and all danger removed.

Treatment.—First of all, it is necessary to remove the inflammation that exists in the uterus itself. This is done by the persistent use of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound. As I have described elsewhere, this will remove all congestion, heal the inflammation, and bring about a healthy circulation. For this I strongly recommend that Lydia E. Pinkham's Sanative Wash be also used with a syringe for local treatment.[1]

This should be used each night as a vaginal injection, according to directions, thus thoroughly cleansing the parts, and entirely relieving all irritation which these acrid secretions are sure to set up.

If this discharge has been irritating enough to cause any chafing, eruption, itching, or uncomfortable sensation of any kind about the external parts, then the Sanative Wash should be used for bathing the parts; the relief will be immediate, and the cure very prompt.

May Be Quickly Cured.—I speak with great positiveness here, because of vast experience and because of the universal success of this treatment. I do not believe there is a case of leucorrhoea which cannot be relieved and soon permanently cured by this treatment. There is no delay; relief comes at once. A great improvement in all the symptoms is very marked, even after the second or third day of treatment.

Neglect Causes Ulceration.—I would add a word of caution here to women who are afflicted in this way, as the retention of these discharges is likely to produce an irritation about the mouth of the uterus which will result in serious ulceration, and even be the means of producing the most serious and most incurable diseases.

Ulcers on the Uterus.—Because of the low condition of the system, thin blood, and the local inflammation in the uterus itself, ulcers may form about the mouth of the uterus. These are accompanied by more or less pain, a sense of heaviness and weight in the lower part of the bowels, and a whitish discharge similar to that of leucorrhoea only frequently streaked, or tinted, with blood. The discharge continues about the same all through the month between the days of menstruation. This condition should have the same treatment as that mentioned above for leucorrhoea, and the recovery will be equally prompt.

Early Treatment Necessary.—If women only understood better how easy a matter it is for these ulcerations to widen and deepen until some incurable and terrible disease results, they would be more prompt in taking treatment, especially when this is sure to be followed by a perfect cure.

When the blood is thin and poor, and when the weight is reduced, Lydia E. Pinkham's Blood Purifier should be used regularly.

The Blood Purifier, the Vegetable Compound, and the Sanative Wash, have done as great work in preventing serious disease as in curing it.

Displacement of the Uterus Forward.—The uterus may be displaced either forward, backward, or downward. By referring to the illustration in the first part of this book, it will be noticed that the uterus naturally tips slightly forward, so that when it is displaced forward, the condition is simply an exaggeration of its natural state.

Causes Bladder Trouble.—By referring to this illustration again, it is at once apparent that this tipping forward must bring about some difficulty with the bladder, and such is the case. The most marked symptom is painful and frequent passing of the urine, with a dull and heavy pain across the lower part of the bowels. Often this weight is so increased by walking that the person can be upon the feet only a short time without causing discomfort and pain.

This condition may be brought about by some unusual effort at lifting, jumping, or straining, or especially by wearing too tight clothing about the waist, tight lacing being probably the most frequent cause of all.

The Cure.—The general treatment here consists in taking a thorough course of treatment with Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, in order to strengthen the ligaments of the uterus which hold this organ in place. When the condition of the system is improved, the nerves strengthened, and the blood made more rich by the use of this Compound, then these ligaments partake of this general improvement, and by becoming more tense, bring the uterus back into position.

Displacement Backwards.—The uterus may be tipped backward, in which case it will rest against the lower bowel. The principal symptom here is pain in the lower part of the back, as if a movement of the bowels were necessary. There is great discomfort in walking, because of this sense of pressure. The pain is always increased when the bowels move, and is associated with a sense of obstruction, and painful menstruation is very common.

The Treatment.—Here the same treatment should be followed as mentioned for the opposite condition above. In the first place, the bowels should be kept in good condition by the use of Lydia E. Pinkham's Liver Pills, taking these in just sufficient amount to cause a free movement of the bowels daily. Then thorough and prolonged treatment with Mrs. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound will give such strength and tone to the ligaments about the uterus that they will again bring back this organ to its proper position.

Falling of the Womb.—The most distressing of all these displacements is that known as "prolapsus, or falling of the womb."

The most frequent cause of this condition is complete relaxation of the ligaments which naturally support this organ. When the ligaments become weak, they easily stretch, and thus allow the uterus to fall down into the vaginal canal, even nearly to the surface of the body.

Symptoms.—This displacement causes irritation of the bladder and lower bowel, discomfort in walking, painful menstruation, leucorrhoea, a dragging pain in the back, and most marked bearing-down pain in the lower part of the body.

The Cure Is Certain.—The treatment of this most distressing affection is usually followed by prompt and permanent results. Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound should always be taken, because of its great power to relieve all inflammation and give strength and tone to the ligaments which hold up the uterus. Lydia E. Pinkham's Sanative Wash should be used, also, for its cleansing and strengthening properties, on the local parts. If a sitz bath-tub is in the house it may be used to great advantage in these cases. A single pail of water will be sufficient, and should be as hot as can be comfortably borne. If a tub of this kind is not at hand, then an ordinary bath-tub may be used, having in it sufficient water to come well over the hips when the person sits in it.

The One Permanent Cure.—By taking Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, these relaxed ligaments are given strength and tone so that they assume their former power. As they gain strength they contract, pulling the uterus up into its natural position, and holding it there permanently.

I can most positively assure every woman who is suffering from all the discomfort and terrible distress which always accompany falling of the womb, that she may be promptly and most perfectly cured if she will only follow my advice.

An Abundance of Proof.—So many letters have come from women who have suffered and have been cured that it is not possible for a reasonable person to doubt what they say. I can only urge all affected with these complaints to give Lydia F. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound a good trial, feeling perfectly assured that they will be abundantly satisfied in every way. If you do not understand your ailments write to Mrs. Pinkham, Lynn, Mass. Her advice is free and always helpful. Such letters are strictly confidential communications from one woman to another who will never betray the confidence.

Footnote: [1] Every woman suffering from uterine or vaginal troubles should own and use a syringe. I would recommend the use of Ruth Paxton's Improved Fountain Syringe. I believe it is the only one that will convey the solution to every part of the vaginal cavity. The ordinary syringe is inadequate. It can be obtained by sending to The R. Paxton Company, 221 Columbus Ave., Boston, Mass. Price $1.75, postpaid—registered letter or postal note. It will repay you a thousand times to take the trouble to send for it, as the recoveries from disease are quicker when it is used. Anyway, send two-cent stamp for her little book of information. You will see by the letters it contains how the syringe is regarded by those who are using it.



CHAPTER IX.

DISEASES OF UTERUS AND OVARIES (Continued).

Ovaries, Congestion of.—This disease usually comes from taking cold during menstruation, from some injury, extra strain during lifting, or from some slow inflammatory process.

The symptoms are pain and tenderness in one or both sides of the lower part of the body. There is more or less continuous pain, which is always worse in standing or walking. The tenderness in the sides is increased during menstruation, especially if pressure be made over the part. Sometimes the pain is quite severe when the bowels move. There is always a feeling of distress, frequently associated with nausea, and often more or less fever.

Treatment.—For treatment the person should have as good surroundings as possible, and should take complete rest during menstruation.

In order to relieve the congestion in these parts and thoroughly control the pain, Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound should be taken at once.

Removal of Ovaries.—This condition of the ovaries gave rise to the practice of removing these organs. Just as soon as a woman consulted a physician and complained of tenderness over the ovaries, he was sure to advise her to have these organs removed.

Less Operating Than Formerly.—But this practice is rapidly passing away, and the very surgeons who were so anxious to operate a few years ago are now found advising against it. This is because of the serious results which follow this operation. While the pain and tenderness in these parts would be relieved, yet the profound and overwhelming impression made upon the nervous system, by producing such a remarkable change in the life of the woman, was even worse than the disease itself.

Results of Removal of Ovaries.—Women who have had their ovaries removed are frequently the victims of hysteria, melancholia, extreme nervous prostration, insomnia, and other distressing and dangerous complaints.

Surgical Operations Unnecessary.—Then, again, it is becoming well known over the whole country that Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound can relieve congestion and pain so thoroughly that the surgeon's knife is unnecessary. I am so confident in this belief that it hardly seems possible that any woman would continue to suffer in this way, when it is so useless. I know we can make every woman perfectly comfortable and at rest, no matter how long she may have suffered, if she will only follow our simple directions.

The One Certain Cure.—All she has to do is to keep her bowels in good condition by taking Lydia E. Pinkham's Liver Pills, and at the same time take a thorough course of treatment with the Vegetable Compound. If you have any friends or neighbors who are suffering from this disease, and who fear that it will lead to ovarian tumors, which must ultimately necessitate a dangerous surgical operation, I urge upon you to tell them the story of this Vegetable Compound.

Always Brings Good Cheer.—It has brought happiness to so many homes, has relieved so much suffering, and has cheered and comforted so many thousands of women, that I am sure you will be doing a great deed of charity if you will only aid in spreading this glad news.

Tumors of the Uterus.—The uterus is subject to tumors, or growths, the symptoms of which are much like those of chronic inflammation. As a rule, the person suffering from these tumors knows nothing whatever of their existence until some competent physician has told her such is the case.

Fibroid Tumors.—The most common tumors are known as fibroids. They are often small, and yet sometimes attain a considerable size.

Until within a few years surgeons were always anxious to operate upon these tumors; but this is now largely done away with, for they are not fatal in themselves, and only become serious when they attain an exceedingly large size, or, what is more frequently the case, cause excessive flowing during or between the menstrual periods.

Tumors Cured Without the Knife.—In these cases Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound shows its remarkable power to great advantage. By establishing a better circulation through the uterus, and relieving the congestion in the surrounding parts, and by giving strength and tone to the smaller blood-vessels, the hemorrhage is controlled and the inflammation is reduced. The tumors cease to grow, diminish in size, and disappear altogether under its influence.

Vagina, Inflammation of.—Occasionally there is an acute and most intense inflammation of the vagina caused by exposure to cold, irritating discharges from the womb, the use of pessaries, supporters, or some contagious disease.

Many women suffer from this complaint towards the close of menstruation, when the discharges are acrid and most irritating.

Promptly Cured.—This inflammation can be promptly cured by the frequent use of Lydia E. Pinkham's Sanative Wash. Prepare this strictly according to the directions on each package, and use it as a vaginal injection two or three times a day. The cure will be hastened by employing a sitz-bath (sitting in a tub of hot water, or in a bath-tub).

To Prevent Extension of Disease.—In order to prevent the inflammation from extending into the uterus, it is always wise to take Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound for a few days after an attack of this kind.

Pruritus, Itching.—Pruritus, or itching of the external parts, is a most annoying affection, which often renders life itself almost unendurable. Its most frequent cause is due to irritating discharges from the uterus or vagina. Quite a large per cent of the women who are passing through the "change of life" are troubled in this way.

It is also a marked symptom of diabetes, or "sugar in the urine;" and if the itching is associated with an unusually large flow of urine, together with dryness of the mouth and extreme thirst, there is a probability that the person is suffering from diabetes. In such a case a specimen of the urine should be taken to a competent physician, and he should be asked to make a thorough examination of it in order to definitely determine this point.

Treatment.—The treatment of pruritus consists in keeping the parts thoroughly cleansed by frequent vaginal injections of Lydia E. Pinkham's Sanative Wash, even three or four injections daily; and also bathing the external parts with the same solution.

Can Be Promptly Controlled.—Although medical writers so generally claim that this disease is almost impossible to relieve, and although they recommend the application of severe caustics, yet I have never found any difficulty in promptly controlling and curing this affection by the faithful and persistent use of Lydia E. Pinkham's Sanative Wash as a local application and the Vegetable Compound for its constitutional effects.

Constitutional Treatment Necessary.—Although this disease shows itself in only one place, yet the difficulty is in the whole system, and can only be thoroughly removed by the internal use of Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound. Thousands of letters from women tell that their life of agony, distress, and sleeplessness was changed to one of perfect comfort almost immediately upon the use of these remedies.

Bladder, Inflammation of.—Sometimes the inflammation of the vagina and uterus is so severe that it involves the bladder; or an irritable condition of the bladder may be produced by a pregnant uterus pressing forward against it; or the uterus may be tipped forward a trifle more than natural, and thus press against the bladder sufficient to cause irritation.

Symptoms.—The principal symptom of congestion or inflammation of the bladder is a frequent desire to pass the urine. This act is almost always painful, and is sometimes accompanied with spasmodic contractions of the walls of the bladder, causing severe straining.

May Become Chronic.—If treatment be neglected, this condition easily becomes chronic, when it is very difficult to cure. Prompt treatment in these cases is strongly urged because it can be cured in every instance, and thus an immense amount of suffering avoided.

Treatment.—If possible, the person should remain in bed or recline on a couch. The diet should consist largely of liquids, nothing being better than good milk. Meats, rich soups, and all pastries should be avoided.

Mrs. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound should be taken at once, because of its most happy effect in relieving congestion and inflammation of all the pelvic organs. Indeed, here is one instance where the Vegetable Compound is alike useful to both sexes. The most flattering testimonials have come from men who have tried this remedy "because it was in the house," and who were most happily surprised to find that the relief was prompt and the cure speedy. For all irritable conditions of the bladder, whether of recent or old standing, I do not believe there is a remedy in the world that holds out such great promises of complete relief equal to Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound.

The Menopause, or "Change of Life."—This is a cessation of menstruation. It usually occurs between the ages of forty and fifty years, although frequently before and even after this time.

Symptoms.—The person first notices that although menstruation had previously been regular, yet now it has become irregular, not appearing more frequently than once every six weeks or two months; or possibly passing over a month, and then appearing regularly again for the following two or three months; or the flow may be less and less month after month, until gradually it disappears altogether; or, not infrequently, menstruation ceases abruptly, without any warning whatever.

A Natural Condition.—The change of life should be a perfectly natural condition, not associated with any unpleasant symptom whatever. Yet this is rarely the case, while often the suffering at this time is most intense in every way.

Affects Nervous System.—The most severe effects are frequently produced on the nervous system. These are known as "heat flashes." It is a marked symptom with a great many women, and is described as a sensation of waves of heat passing over the body. Sometimes these are very severe, causing the face to become very red, producing dizziness and intense headache.

Often there is melancholia, great depression, and not infrequently complete prostration of the nervous system. The digestion may be disturbed, producing constipation, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, offensive breath, biliousness, etc. Most marked changes are certainly taking place in the whole system, and it is but natural that every part of the body should be profoundly impressed.

Not Expensive Treatment.—I cannot urge too strongly upon my readers the necessity of their taking Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound all through these remarkable changes. It is not a great expense to take this Vegetable Compound in moderate doses four times a day for weeks, or even months, during these changes.

A Critical Time.—If this period of life be passed over in safety, then there may be years and years of robust health remaining; while if it be not attended to properly, the remainder of the life may be one prolonged day of agony. Even when persons have suffered during all their menstrual life, they can now have perhaps a score or more of years of complete relief if they properly care for themselves during this change.

Keep Under Its Influence.—Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound is a great tonic in itself, bracing up the whole nervous system, aiding digestion, and causing all the forces of the body to act more in accord with nature.

Then it has a special influence over the uterus and ovaries; indeed, so marked is its power to correct disease that all the trying days of the "change of life" may be passed over in perfect safety, if only the system be continuously kept under its influence.

May Be Made Easy and Natural.—Women who have been dreading this change, and who have been made to look upon it as something horrible to pass through, may now lay all such anxiety aside, for Mrs. Pinkham long ago solved the problem of making this time of life as healthy and natural as any other.

It is not claiming too much to say that if women everywhere will only take Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound through this trying time, they will come out of it feeling better in every way than they have felt for many years. If you do not understand your ailments, write to Mrs. Pinkham, Lynn, Mass. Her advice is free and always helpful. Such letters are strictly confidential and answered with the help of women only.



CHAPTER X.

PREGNANCY, ITS SYMPTOMS, DISEASES, ETC.

Sometimes Difficult to Tell.—Even the most skilled physicians sometimes make mistakes in stating that pregnancy exists when it does not.

The First Sign.—The most valuable and striking sign of pregnancy is the cessation of the monthly periods; yet even this is not always reliable. Sometimes menstruation continues for three or four months, especially during the first pregnancy, although this is exceedingly rare. As a rule, to which there is hardly an exception, if menstruation ceases in a married woman who has previously been regular, she is, in all probability, pregnant.

Other Signs.—Another important sign is the enlargement of the abdomen, although this cannot be detected much before the fourth month. A valuable sign, also, is the enlargement of the breasts, with a widening and browning of the pink ring around the nipples. Enlargement of the breasts often begins as early as the second month, and is quite marked by the fourth or fifth month.

Morning Sickness.—Morning sickness is a symptom present in the majority of cases. It usually consists of a marked nausea upon rising, and perhaps vomiting. This may last only a few hours in the early morning, or continue through the greater part of the day. It generally appears in the second month and lasts only through the third month, although, in bad cases, it may continue through the whole period, and very seriously affect the health.

Treatment.—There are any number of remedies recommended for the treatment of this morning sickness. What will cure one case seems to be perfectly useless in another.

It has been my experience that the best way to manage these cases is as follows: Have the person take a slice of toasted bread, or a toasted cracker, with a little coffee if desired, while in bed, remaining there at least half an hour after eating. Or, the person may take a glass of milk to which two tablespoonfuls of lime water have been added. Then, by rising slowly and moving about carefully, it is often possible to go through the day without any sickness whatever. I have known many cases to be entirely relieved by eating a little ordinary pop-corn.

The Morning Meal.—The morning meal may consist of milk to which a little lime water has been added; or a poached or soft-boiled egg. Sometimes scarped beef, lean and rare, salted and spread on very thin bread, quiets the stomach at once, while it is highly nourishing.

Only One Medicine Needed.—It is surprising what happy changes Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound brings about in this condition. The irritability subsides, the digestion is greatly improved, the nervous system is strengthened, and all these uncomfortable and disagreeable symptoms pass away. The Compound should be taken in small doses three times a day, after meals.

A Bandage May Relieve Nausea.—An abdominal bandage will sometimes relieve the morning sickness, if placed snugly, but not too tightly, about the body. It need be worn only a week or two, for a trial, and should always be taken off at night. If the nausea persists during the day, then let the food be light and taken in small amounts, at frequent intervals.

"Quickening."—This is another sign of pregnancy. The word refers to the detection by the mother of the movements of the child. Although, without doubt, the child moves within the mother at a much earlier period, yet these movements are too feeble to be noticed until pregnancy has advanced four or four and a half months.

Other Symptoms of Pregnancy.—Other symptoms are morbid longings for unusual articles of food, as sour apples, vinegar, charcoal, clay, slate pencils, etc. These longings, however, should not be satisfied, as they do not represent the demand of nature for these substances. They belong to the same class of changes which are shown by a marked difference in the disposition of a person whereby the lively and cheerful woman becomes melancholy, gloomy, and irritable.

Diet During Pregnancy.—The diet during the whole of pregnancy should be generous, yet easily digestible. A great many women do not change their diet at all, and if the person is in good health and does not suffer in any way, there is no reason whatever why the diet should be changed, unless the evening meal be made somewhat lighter.

Eat Sparingly of Meat.—It is always wise not to eat meat more than once a day. This is because a meat diet throws more work upon the kidneys, and any failure of the kidneys increases the probability of serious trouble at childbirth.

So far as is known, there is no foundation for the belief that any special article of diet has any particular effect upon the development of the child.

Care of the Breasts.—The care of the breasts during pregnancy must be commenced early. All pressure of the clothing should be removed, in order to give them full opportunity to develop. They should be kept warm, however, and well supported, if the size renders them uncomfortable.

Mothers Should Nurse Their Children.—Statistics show that the summer diarrhoeas and dysenteries, which carry off such immense numbers of children each year, are almost unknown among babies that nurse. It is the artificially fed child which suffers from wasting diseases and disturbances of the digestion which are so fatal to life. Therefore, every prospective mother should do everything in her power to prepare for the proper nursing of her child.

Care of the Nipples.—If the nipples are flat, they can be pulled out gently each day with the fingers, and thus the difficulty entirely remedied. At the beginning of the last month of pregnancy, the nipples should be hardened in order that nursing may be painless, and that all fissures, or cracks, may be avoided.

Every morning and night apply the following solution to the nipples with a piece of absorbent cotton:—

Glycerite of Tannin, 1 fluid ounce. Water, 1 fluid ounce.

Allow this to remain on the nipple. This cannot be used after confinement, for the bitter taste would be objectionable to the child.