In 1870, Great Britain and the United States had a dispute which might well have led to war. Instead of fighting over it, however, they laid their trouble before a court of five men, a Swiss, an Italian, a Brazilian, an Englishman, and an American. This court, by a vote of four to one, decided against England, and England accepted the decision as final, although it cost her many millions of dollars.

The League to Enforce Peace must insist that each nation in the world maintain only a small force of soldiers, to be used as police for its own affairs, and there must be an international police to settle all differences between nations and to enforce the orders of the court of arbitration. In time (no one knows how soon) the people of Germany and Austria will be freed from the military rule which now has the power to hurl them into war. When that day arrives and they learn that they have been led astray by Treitschke and Bernhardi, who preached that war was a blessing to a nation and that only the powerful nations had the right to survive, they will know that "Thou shalt not kill" is just as strong a commandment today as when it first was uttered.

Sometime, nations will learn that other nations have the right to live, and that no country can wrong another through force of arms without suffering for it in the end. In a blunted conscience, in the loss of the sympathy of the rest of the world, in a lessening of the Christ-spirit of doing good to others, the nation which resorts to force to gratify its own selfish ends, like the individual, pays the full penalty for its misdeeds. It, was a great American who said, "The world is my country and mankind are my brothers."

Questions for Review

1. Why did England and the United States fail to understand Germany? 2. What right would Germany have had to an indemnity? 3. What great change took place in Germany after 1866? 4. Why must the war go on till Germany is crushed? 5. What lesson must Germany learn? 6. Why have the South American republics fought so many wars? 7. Suggest some solution for the problem of war. 8. What is meant by arbitration? 9. What was the greatest mistake of those who planned the war? 10. How did the Russian Revolution help the cause of the Entente? 11. What is the greatest lesson taught by the war?



PRONOUNCING GLOSSARY

In this glossary it will be noted that as a general rule the English pronunciation is given for names that have become at all familiar in history or geography. Thus the English Cra'cow is given instead of the Polish Kra'koof or the German Krae'kau.

On the other hand names like Koumanova or Dobrudja must be given as the natives of these places pronounce them, as there is no recognized English pronunciation.

In certain cases where there are several current pronunciations, the author has been forced to make a selection, arbitrarily. Thus a seaport in Greece, which has changed hands recently, has no less than five names. Its Greek name is pronounced Thessalonyi'ki, while other nations term it variously Saloni'ka, Selanik', So'lon, Saloni'ki or Salo'nica.

Some sounds, again, it is almost impossible for English speaking people to reproduce. These are indicated by English syllables which approximate them as nearly as possible.

Not every proper noun which is used in the text will be found pronounced in the glossary. It is assumed that such names as Austria, Bismarck, etc., can hardly be mispronounced.

Aboukir (ae'boe kir) Aegean (e je'an) Agadir (a ga dir') Aix-la-Chapelle (aks lae shapel') Albania (al ba'ni a) Algeciras (al je si'ras) or (alje si'ras) Alsace (al sas') Andrassy (an dras'sy) Aragon (a'ra gon) Armada (aer mae'da) Armenians (aer me'ni ans) Arminius (aer min'i us) Avlona (av lo'na) Baden (bae'den) Balkan (bal kaen') or (bol'kaen) Banat (ban'at) Basques (basks) Bastille (ba stil') Bavaria (ba va'ri a) Belfort (bel'for) Bernadotte (ber'na dot) Bessarabia (bes sa ra'bi a) or (bes sa rae'bi a) Bismarck-Schoenausen (shen how'zen) Blenheim (blen'em) or (blen'him) Boer (boor) Bohemia (bohe'mia) Bonaparte (bo'na paert) Bosnia (boz'ni a) Bourbon (boor'bun) Brandenburg (bran'den burg) Breton (bre'ton) or (bret'un) Brusiloff (bru si'loff) Bukowina (boo ko vi'na) Bulgaria (bul ga'ri a) Burgundians (bur'gun'di ans) Burgundy (bur'gun dy) Byzantium (by zan'ti um) Caesar (sez'er) Carniola (car ni o'la) Carpathian (car pa'thi an) Carthage (car'thaj) Castile (cas til') Castlereagh (cas'l ra) Cavour (ca voor') Charlemagne (shaer le man') Chauvinists (sho'vin ists) Cicero (sis'e ro) Cimbri (sim'bri) Cincinnatus (sin sin nae'tus) Constantine (con'stan tin) Cracow (cra'co) Crimea (cri me'a) Croatia (cro ae'ti a) or (croae'sha) Czech (chek) Dacians (da'shunz) Dalmatia (dal ma'shi a) Theophile Delcasse (ta'o fil del ca sae') Deutschland (doitsh'land) Devonshire (dev'on shir) Disraeli (diz ra'li) Dobrudja (do brood'ja) Dreibund (dri'boond) Durazzo (du rat'zoe) Emmanuel (em man'u el) Entente Cordiale (an tant'cor dyal') Enver Bey (en'ver ba') Epinal (ep'i nal) Epirus (ep i'rus) Erse (ers) Esthonians (es tho'ni anz) Etruscans (e trus'canz) Euphrates (u fra'tez) Fashoda (fa sho'da) Fiume (fi u'me) Gaelic (ga'lic) Galicia (gal i'sha) Gallipoli (gal i'poli) Garibaldi (gar i bal'di) Gerard (jer aerd') Germanic (jer man'ic) Glamis (glam'is) Gortchakoff (gor'cha kof) Goths (goths) Granada (gra nae'da) Hannibal (han'ni bl) Hanover (han'o ver) Herzegovina (hart'se go vi'na) Hesse-Darmstadt (hes se daerm'stat) Hindustan (hin doo staen') Hohenzollern (ho en tsol'ern) Holstein (hol'stin) Illyrians (i lyr'i ans) Istria (is'tri a) Janina (ya ni'na) Janus (ja'nus) Jonescu (jo nes'koo) Jutes (juts) Kaiser (ki'zer) Kaspar (kas'paer) Kavala (ka vae' la) Kerensky (ke ren'ski) Khartoom (kaer toom') Korea (ko re'a) Korniloff (kor ni'loff) Koumanova (koo mae'no va) Lamar (la maer') Leon (le'on) Liege (li ezh') Lithuania (lith oo a'nia) Longwy (long'vy) Lorraine (lor ran') Macedonia (ma se do'ni a) Magyar (mod'yaer) Manchuria (man chu'ri a) Marathon (mar'a thon) Marchand (maer shaen') Maria Theresa (mae ri'ae ter es'ae) Marlborough (maerl'bo ro) Marsala (maer sae'la) Marseillaise (maer sel yaz') Mazzini (mat si'ni) Mesopotamia (mes o po ta'mi ae) Metternich (met'ter nikh) Milioukoff (mil yoo'koff) Mirabeau (mir'a bo) Modena (mo de'na) or (mo'da na) Mohammedan (mo ham'med an) Moltke (molt'ka) Monastir (mo na stir') Montenegrin (mon te ne'grin) Montenegro (mon te ne'gro) Moslems (moz'lemz) Murat (mue'rae) Napoleon (na po'le on) Nice (nis) Northumberland (north um'ber land) Novibazar (no'vi ba zaer') Ostrogoths (os'tro goths) Ottoman (ot'to man) Parma (paer'ma) Piedmont (ped'mont) Pola (po'lae) Poland (po'land) Pomerania (pom er a'ni a) Pyrenees (pir'en eez) Rasputin (raes poo'tin) Reichstag (rikhs'taegh) Riga (ri'ga) Romansh (ro mansh') Roon (ron) Roumani (roo mae'ni) Roumania (roo ma'ni a) Ruthenian (roo the'ni an) Sadowa (sae'do va) Salonika (sa'lo ni'ka) Sanjak (san jak') San Stephano (san ste fae'noe) Saone (son) Sarajevo (sae rae ye'vo) Sardinia (saer din'i a) Sarrail (sar ri') Savoy (sa voy') Saxony (sax'on y) Sazanof (sae'zae noff) Scandinavian (scan di na'vi an) Schleswig (shles'vig) Scutari (skoo'tae ri) Serbia (ser'bi a) Silesia (sil e'sha) Skipetars (skip'e tarz) Slavic (slae'vic) Slavonia (sla vo'ni a) Slavonic (sla von'ic) Slavs (slaevz) Slovak (slo vaek') Slovenes (slo venz') Slovenian (slo ve'ni an) Sobieski (so bi es'ki) Stoessel (stes'sel) Strasbourg (stras'boorg) Styria (sty'ri a) Suevi (swe'vi) Syria (syr'i a) Take (tae ka) Talleyrand (tal'la ran) Teutones (tu to'nez) Teutonic (tu ton'ic) Thessaly (thes'sa ly) Thracians (thra'shunz) Tigris (ti'gris) Toul (tool) Transylvania (tran syl va'ni a) Trentino (tren ti'no) Trieste (tri est') or (tri es'ta) Tripoli (trip'o li) Tuscany (tus'ca ny) Tyrol (ty'rol) Tzernagorah (tzer nae'go'ra) Vandals (van'dlz) Venetia (ven e'sha) Venizelos (ven i zel'os) Vercingetorix (ver sin jet'oe riks) Verdun (var dun') Volgars (vol'gaerz) Von Bernstorff (fon barns'torf) Von Plehve (fon pla've) Von Tirpitz (fon tir'pits) Vosges (vozh) Walloon (wael loon') Westphalia (west fa'li a) Wied (weed) Wilhelmine (wil'hel min) Yorkshire (york'shir)



INDEX

Adriatic Sea, question of the control of. Agadir incident. Albania, formation of the kingdom of. Albanians, language of; habits of. Alexander the Great. Algeciras incident. Alliance, the Holy. Alliance, the Triple. Alliance, the Dual. Alliance, the Balkan. Alsace. Ambassador. Angles, the, invade Britain. Arbitration of national disputes. Arminius. Armor, value of. Austria-Hungary, origin of; helps to divide Poland; at war with France; at war with Sardinia and France; at war with Prussia and Italy; refuses to arbitrate Serbian trouble. Austrians in Italy.

Balance of Power. Balkan problem. Barons. Bastille, fall of the. Belgium, joined to Holland to form the Netherlands; independent; guaranteed its freedom by three powers. Bernadotte. Bismarck-Schoenausen. Blenheim, battle of (poem). Blockade of Germany. Bohemia, part of the Holy Roman Empire; part of the Hapsburg domains. Bolsheviki, revolt of the. Bonaparte, Louis Napoleon. Bonaparte, Napoleon. Bosnian problem. Bourbon family. Brandenburg; rise of. Brazil declares war on Germany. Britons. Bulgaria, freed by Russia; left partially under the control of Turkey; independent; at war; with five nations; plunges into world war; treacherously orders an attack on Greece and Serbia. Bulgars, origin of; in Macedonia. Bulow, Prince von. Burgundians. Byzantium becomes Constantinople.

Caesar, Julius. Cape to Cairo Railroad. Catharine II of Russia. Cavour, Count, prime minister of Sardinia. Celtic languages, disappearance of. Celts. Charlemagne. Charles V. Charles XII of Sweden. Chauvinists. Churchill, Winston. Cincinnatus. Constantine, prince in Crete; king of Greece. Constantinople. Contraband of war. Cracow, Republic of. Crete. Czechs.

Danes, in Schleswig. Dark Ages. Delcasse. Denmark, loses Norway; defeated by Prussia and Austria; injured by submarine campaign. Deutschland, voyages of the. Dialects. Dictator, Roman. Divine right of kings. Dukes vs. Kings. Duma, the Russian; asked to form a government.

Edward VII. Elba, Napoleon's return from. Elector, the Great. Electors of the Holy Roman Empire. England, power of the king of; in Egypt; troubles of, in 1914. Entente Cordiale. Entente, the Triple. Esthonians. Etruscans.

Fashoda incident. Ferdinand of Bulgaria; enters war on side of Germany and Austria; attacks Serbia; ambitions of. Feudal system. Finland annexed to Russia. Finns; conquered by the Swedes. Flemish. France, power of king of; execution of king of; in Africa; wars of. Franks. Franz Ferdinand. Frederick the Great. French Revolution.

Gaelic language. Gaels. Garibaldi. Gauls. German Confederation. German secret agents set fire to American property and kill Americans; try to stir up war between the U. S. and Japan; stir up trouble in Russia. German tribes. Germanic languages. Germany, the Holy Roman Empire of. Germany, the modern Empire of; encourages France to declare war on England; makes friends with Turkey; policy toward Balkan nations; warns Russia; attacks France through Belgium. Goths. Government, by the people; based on the consent of the governed; limited to the ruling class. Governments, newness of European. Great Britain offers to judge Serbian trouble; declares war on Germany. Greece, treaty of, with Serbia; Greek Empire, origin of; fall of. Greeks; ungenerous to Bulgarians, desert to Venizelos; join the Entente.

Hague, court of the. Hannibal's war against Rome. Hapsburgs, the. Hohenzollern family. Holstein. Homage. Hungarians. Huns.

Indemnity. Indo-European family of languages. Istria. Italy, a battle ground of nations; becomes a nation; makes war on Turkey; declines to support Austria and Germany; declares war on Austria.

Kavala. Kent, William, on Mexican intervention. Kerensky, leader of the Russian government. Kings, origin of. Koumanova, battle of.

Labor troubles, in England; in Russia. Language, relationship shown by. Latin tongues. Lithuania. Lombards. Lorraine. Louis XIV of France. Lusitania, sinking of the.

Macedonia. Magyars. Marathon, battle of. Marchand, Major. Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria; helps to divide Poland. Marlborough, Duke of. Mazzini. Metternich. Middle Ages. Military service, owed to rulers; in Prussia; in France. Mirabeau. Moltke. Montenegro, origin of; declares war on Austria. Monroe Doctrine. Moors. Murat.

Napoleon III. Netherlands, foundation of kingdom of. Newspapers, control of. Normans. Norway, joined to Sweden; danger from Germany; vigorously protests submarine warfare. Novibazar, the Sanjak of.

Ostrogoths.

Paris, siege of. Peace, German offer of; Allies' terms of; United States' desire for; Russo-German conference toward; German desire for. Peasants, attached to the land; support fighting classes. Peter the Great. Poland, kingdom of; partition of; given largely to Russia; revolutions in. Preparation for war Prussia, origin of kingdom of; crushed by Napoleon; dominated by Bismarck.

Rasputin; assists Sturmer; is killed. Reichstag. Reign of Terror. Republic, first French; second French; third French. Robber chiefs. Roman Empire, beginnings of. Romansh people. Rome, wars of, with Carthage. Roon. Rothschild, the banking house of. Roumani. Roumania; hopes of; population of; declares war on Austria; is crushed between two armies. Russia, rise of; attacks Turkey; policy of; relations with Bulgaria; defends Serbia; ignorance of the people of; revolution in; controlled by the Bolsheviki. Ruthenians.

Sarrail, sent to Salonika; watching Bulgars and Greeks. Saxons. Saxony, annexed in part to Prussia; allied to Austria. Salonika, Spanish Jews in. Sardinia, kingdom of. Schleswig. Scutari. Serbia, trade with Austria; relations with Bulgaria; trouble with Austria; attacked on three sides. Serbs, origin of; lands of; language of. Sicilies, Kingdom of the Two. Silesia, seizure of. Slavic tribes. Slovaks. Slovenes. Sobieski, John, king of Poland. Socialists, in Germany; in Italy. Spain, origin of; drives out "unbelievers,"; becomes a republic. Submarine boats sink British warships; sink merchant ships; sink the Lusitania; cross the Atlantic; begin to sink all ships without warning; kill Americans; sink Norwegian ships. Suevi. Sturmer chosen prime minister of Russia. Sweden, decline of.

Talleyrand. Trentino. Tunis, seized by France. Turkey, defended by France and England; attacks Russia. Turks; capture Constantinople; driven back from Vienna; the young Turks; tolerance of the young; bigotry of the young.

Ulster trouble, the. United States, indignant over the Lusitania; warns Germany; defends munitions trade in reply to Austria; receives Deutschland hospitably; sends the German Ambassador home; declares war; desires nothing but to be safe from attack; sends an army to Europe.

Vandals. Venice, Republic of. Venizelos, prime minister of Greece; comes from Crete; opposes King Constantine; once more prime minister. Vercingetorix. Victor Emmanuel. Vienna, Congress of.

Walloons. War, four causes of; cost of; diseases caused by; increasing horror of. Warsaw, Grand-Duchy of. Waterloo, battle of. William of Normandy. Wilson, President, patient with Germany; asks both sides to name their terms; calls Congress to declare war.

THE END