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[613] {501} "Non enim ubique est, qui in excusationem meam consurgens dicat: juvenis scripsit, & majoris coactus imperio." The letter was addressed to Maghinard of Cavalcanti, marshal of the kingdom of Sicily. See Tiraboschi, Storia, etc., edit. Venice, 1795, tom. v. par. ii. lib. iii. p. 525, note.
[614] {502} Dissertazioni sopra le Antichita Italiane, Diss. lviii. p. 253, tom. iii. edit. Milan, 1751.
[615] Eclaircissement, etc., etc., p. 648, edit. Amsterdam, 1740, in the Supplement to Bayle's Dictionary.
[616] {503} Opera, i. 540, edit. Basil, 1581.
[617] Cosmus Medices, Decreto Publico, Pater Patriae.
[618] Corinne, 1819, liv. xviii. chap. iii. vol. iii. p. 218.
[619] {504} Discourses concerning Government, by A. Sidney, chap. ii. sect. xxvi. p. 208, edit. 1751. Sidney is, together with Locke and Hoadley, one of Mr. Hume's "despicable" writers.
[620] {505} Tit. Liv., lib. xxii. cap. v.
[621] Ibid., cap. iv.
[622] Ibid.
[623] {506} Hist., lib. iii. cap. 83. The account in Polybius is not so easily reconcilable with present appearances as that in Livy; he talks of hills to the right and left of the pass and valley; but when Flaminius entered he had the lake at the right of both.
[624] {507} About the middle of the twelfth century the coins of Mantua bore on one side the image and figure of Virgil. Zecca d'Italia, iii. pl. xvii. i. 6. Voyage dans le Milanais, etc., par A. L. Millin, ii. 294. Paris, 1817.
[625] {509} Storia delle Arti, etc., lib. xi. cap. i. pp. 321, 322, tom. ii.
[626] Cicer., Epist. ad Atticum, xi. 6.
[627] Published by Causeus, in his Museum Romanum.
[628] Storia delle Arti, etc., lib. xi. cap. i.
[629] Sueton., in Vit. August., cap. xxxi., and in Vit. C. J. Caesar, cap. lxxxviii. Appian says it was burnt down. See a note of Pitiscus to Suetonius, p. 224.
[630] "Tu modo Pompeia lentus spatiare sub umbra" (Ovid, Art. Am., i. 67).
[631] Flavii Blondi De Roma Instaurata, Venice, 1511, lib. iii. p. 25.
[632] {510} Antiq. Rom., lib. i., [Greek: Cha/lkea poie/mata palai~as e)rgasi/as].
[633] Liv., Hist., lib. x. cap. xxiii.
[634] "Tum statua Nattae, tum simulacra Deorum, Romulusque et Remus cum altrice belua vi fulminis icti conciderunt."—Cic., De Divinat., ii. 20. "Tactus est etiam ille qui hanc urbem condidit Romulus: quem inauratum in Capitolio parvum atque lactentem uberibus lupinis inhiantem fuisse meministis."—In Catilin., iii. 8.
"Hic silvestris erat Romani nominis altrix Martia, quae parvos Mavortis semine natos Uberibus gravidis vitali rore rigabat: Quae tum cum pueris flammato fulminis ictu Concidit, atque avulsa pedum vestigia liquit." De Suo Consulatu, lib. ii. lines 42-46.
[635] Dion., Hist., lib. xxxvii. p. 37, edit. Rob. Steph., 1548.
[636] Luc. Fauni De Antiq. Urb. Rom., lib. ii. cap. vii., ap. Sallengre, 1745, i. 217,
[637] Ap. Nardini Roma Vetus, lib. v. cap. iv., ap. J. G. Graev., Thes. Antiq. Rom., iv. 1146.
[638] Marliani Urb. Rom. Topograph., Venice, 1588, p. 23.
[639] {511} Just. Rycquii De Capit. Roman. Comm., cap. xxiv. p. 250, edit. Lugd. Bat. 1696.
[640] Nardini, Roma Vetus, lib. v. cap. iv.
[641] Montfaucon, Diarium Italic., Paris, 1702, i. 174.
[642] Storia delle Arti, etc., Milan, 1779, lib. iii. cap. iii. s. ii. note * (i. 144). Winckelmann has made a strange blunder in the note, by saying the Ciceronian wolf was not in the Capitol, and that Dion was wrong in saying so.
[643] Flam. Vacca, Memorie, num. iii. ap. Roma Antica di Famiano, Nardini, Roma, 1771, iv. s.f. p. iii.
[644] {512} Luc. Fauni De Antiq. Urb. Rom., lib. ii. cap. vi., ap. Sallengre, tom. i. p. 216.
[645] See note to stanza lxxx. in Historical Illustrations.
[646] "Romuli nutrix Lupa honoribus est affecta divinis. Et ferrem, si animal ipsum fuisset, cujus figuram gerit." Lactant., De Falsa Religione, lib. i. cap. xx., Biponti, 1786, i. 66; that is to say, he would rather adore a wolf than a prostitute. His commentator has observed that the opinion of Livy concerning Laurentia being figured in this wolf was not universal. Strabo thought so. Rycquius is wrong in saying that Lactantius mentions the wolf was in the Capitol.
[647] To A.D. 496. "Quis credere possit," says Baronius [Ann. Eccles., Lucae, 1741, viii. 602, in an. 496], "viguisse adhuc Romae ad Gelasii tempora, quae fuere ante exordium Urbis allata in Italiam Lupercalia?" Gelasius wrote a letter, which occupies four folio pages, to Andromachus the senator, and others, to show that the rites should be given up.
[648] {513} Eccles. Hist. (Lipsiae, 1827, p. 130), lib. ii. cap. xiii. p. 40. Justin Martyr had told the story before; but Baronius himself was obliged to detect this fable. See Nardini, Roma Vet., lib. vii. cap. xii.
[649] Accurata e succincta Descrizione, etc., di Roma moderna, dell' Ab. Ridolfino Venuti, Rome, 1766, ii. 397.
[650] Nardini, lib. v. cap. 3, ap. J. G. Graev., iv. 1143, convicts Pomponius Laetus Crassi erroris, in putting the Ruminal fig-tree at the church of Saint Theodore; but, as Livy says the wolf was at the Ficus Ruminalis, and Dionysius at the temple of Romulus, he is obliged to own that the two were close together, as well as the Luperal cave, shaded, as it were, by the fig-tree.
[651] {514} Donatus, lib. xi. cap. xviii., gives a medal representing on one side the wolf in the same position as that in the Capitol; and on the reverse the wolf with the head not reverted. It is of the time of Antoninus Pius.
[652] AEn., viii. 631-634. (See Dr. Middleton, in his letter from Rome, who inclines to the Ciceronian wolf, but without examining the subject.)
[653] {515} "Jure caesus existimetur," says Suetonius, i. 76, after a fair estimation of his character, and making use of a phrase which was a formula in Livy's time. "Maelium jure caesum pronuntiavit, etiam si regni crimine insons fuerit:" [lib. iv. cap. xv.] and which was continued in the legal judgments pronounced in justifiable homicides, such as killing house-breakers.
[654] Rom. Ant., F. Nardini, 1771, iv. Memorie, note 3, p. xii. He does not give the inscription.
[655] "In villa Justiniana exstat ingens lapis quadras solidus, in quo sculpta haec duo Ovidii carmina sunt:—
"'AEgeria est quae praebet aquas dea grata Camoenis, Illa Numae conjunx consiliumque fuit.'
Qui lapis videtur eodem Egeriae fonte, aut ejus vicinia, istuc comportatus."—Diarium Italic., Paris, 1702, p. 153.
[656] {516} De Magnit. Vet. Rom., ap. Graev., Ant. Rom., iv. 1507 [1. Vossius, De Ant. Urb. Rom. Mag., cap. iv.]
[657] Eschinard, Descrizione di Roma e dell' Agro Romano, Roma, 1750. They believe in the grotto and nymph. "Simulacro di questo Fonte, essendovi scolpite le acque a pie di esso" (p. 297).
[658] Classical Tour, vol. ii. chap. vi. p. 217.
[659] Lib. 1. Sat. iii. lines 11-20.
[660] {517} Lib. iii. cap. iii.
[661] "Quamvis undique e solo aquae; scaturiant." Nardini, lib. iii. cap. iii. Thes. Ant. Rom., ap. J. G. Graev., 1697, iv. 978.
[662] Eschinard, etc. Sic cit., pp. 297, 298.
[663] {517} Antiq. Rom., Oxf., 1704, lib. ii. cap. xxxi. vol. i. p. 97.
[664] Sueton., in Vit. Augusti, cap. xci. Casaubon, in the note, refers to Plutarch's Lives of Camillus and AEmilius Paulus, and also to his apophthegms, for the character of this deity. The hollowed hand was reckoned the last degree of degradation; and when the dead body of the praefect Rufinus was borne about in triumph by the people, the indignity was increased by putting his hand in that position.
[665] Storia delle Arti, etc., Rome, 1783, lib. xii. cap. iii. tom. ii. p. 422. Visconti calls the statue, however, a Cybele. It is given in the Museo Pio-Clement., tom. i. par. xl. The Abate Fea (Spiegazione dei Rami. Storia, etc., iii. 513) calls it a Crisippo.
[666] {519} Dict. de Bayle, art. "Adrastea."
[667] It is enumerated by the regionary Victor.
[668] "Fortunae; hujusce diei." Cicero mentions her, De Legib., lib. ii.
[669]
DEAE. NEMESI SIVE. FORTV NAE PISTORIVS RVGIANVS V.C. LEGAT. LEG. XIII. G. GORD.
(See Questiones Romanae, etc., ap. Graev., Antiq. Roman., v. 942. See also Muratori, Nov. Thesaur. Inscrip. Vet., Milan, 1739, i. 88, 89, where there are three Latin and one Greek inscription to Nemesis, and others to Fate.)
[670] {520} Julius Caesar, who rose by the fall of the aristocracy, brought Furius Leptinus and A. Calenus upon the arena.
[671] "Ad captiuos pertinere Tertulliani querelam puto: Certe quidem & innocentes gladiatores inludum veniunt, & voluptatis publicae hostiae fiant." Justus, Lipsius, 1588, Saturn. Sermon., lib. ii. cap. iii. p. 84.
[672] Vopiscus, in Vit. Aurel., and in Vit. Claud., ibid.
[673] Just. Lips., ibid., lib. i. cap. xii. p. 45.
[674] Augustinus (Confess., lib. vi. cap. viii.): "Alypium suum gladiatorii spectaculi inhiatu incredibiliter abreptum," scribit. ib., lib. i. cap. xii.
[675] {521} Hist. Eccles., ap. Ant. Hist. Eccl., Basle, 1535, lib. v. cap. xxvi.
[676] Cassiod., Tripartita, ap. Ant. Hist. Eccl., Basle, 1535, lib. x. cap. ii. p. 543.
[677] Baronius, De Ann. et in Notis ad Martyrol. Rom. I. Jan. (See Marangoni, Delle memorie sacre, e profane dell' Anfiteatro Flavio, p. 25, edit. 1746.)
[678] {524} See Historical Illustrations of the Fourth Canto, p. 43.
[679] See Classical Tour, etc., chap. vii. p. 250, vol. ii.
[680] {525} "Under our windows and bordering on the beach is the royal garden, laid out in parterres, and walks shaded by rows of orange trees."—Classical Tour, etc., chap. xi. vol. ii., 365.
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