278. AKBAR Khan, his fondness for pigeons, i. 205; ii. 204. Alauda arvensis, ii. 154. ALBIN, on "Golden Hamburgh" fowls, i. 247; figure of the hook-billed duck, i. 277. ALBINISM, i. 111, ii. 17. ALBINO, negro, attacked by insects, ii. 229. ALBINOES, heredity of, ii. 9. ALBINUS, thickness of the epidermis on the palms of the hands in man, ii. 297. ALCO, i. 31, ii. 102. ALDROVANDI, on rabbits, i. 104; description of the nun pigeon, i. 156; on the fondness of the Dutch for pigeons in the seventeenth century, i. 205; notice of several varieties of pigeons, i. 207-210; on the breeds of fowls, i. 247; on the origin of the domestic duck, i. 278. ALEFIELD, Dr., on the varieties of peas and their specific unity, i. 326; on the varieties of beans, i. 330. ALEXANDER the Great, his selection of Indian cattle, ii. 202. ALGAE, retrogressive metamorphosis in, ii. 361; division of zoospores of, ii. 378. ALLEN, W., on feral fowls, i. 237; ii. 33. ALLMAN, Professor, on a monstrous Saxifraga geum, ii. 166; on the development of the Hydroida, ii. 368. ALMOND, i. 337; antiquity of, ii. 429; bitter, not eaten by mice, ii. 232. Alnus glutinosa and incana, hybrids of, ii. 130. ALPACA, selection of, ii. 208. Althaea rosea, i. 378, ii. 107. Amaryllis, ii. 139. Amaryllis vittata, effect of foreign pollen on, i. 400. AMAUROSIS, hereditary, ii. 9. AMERICA, limits within which no useful plants have been furnished by, i. 310; colours of feral horses in, i. 60-61; North, native cultivated plants of, i. 312; skin of feral pig from, i. 77; South, variations in cattle of, i. 88, 92. Amygdalus persica, i. 336-344, 374. {434} AMMON, on the persistency of colour in horses, ii. 21. Anagallis arvensis, ii. 190. ANALOGOUS variation, i. 409, ii. 348-352; in horses, i. 55; in the horse and ass, i. 64; in fowls, i. 243-246. Anas boschas, i. 277, ii. 40; skull of, figured, i. 282. Anas moschata, ii. 40. "ANCON" sheep of Massachusetts, i. 100, ii. 103. ANDALUSIAN fowls, i. 227. ANDALUSIAN rabbits, i. 105. ANDERSON, J., on the origin of British sheep, i. 94; on the selection of qualities in cattle, ii. 196; on a one-eared breed of rabbits, i. 108; on the inheritance of characters from a one-eared rabbit and three-legged bitch, ii. 12; on the persistency of varieties of peas, i. 329; on the production of early peas by selection, ii. 201; on the varieties of the potato, i. 330-331; on crossing varieties of the melon, i. 399; on reversion in the barberry, i. 384. ANDERSON, Mr., on the reproduction of the weeping ash by seed, ii. 19; on the cultivation of the tree paeony in China, ii. 205. ANDERSSON, Mr., on the Damara, Bechuana, and Namaqua cattle, i. 88; on the cows of the Damaras, ii. 300; selection practised by the Damaras and Namaquas, ii. 207; on the use of grass-seeds and the roots of reeds as food in South Africa, i. 309. Anemone coronaria, doubled by selection, ii. 200. ANGINA pectoris, hereditary, occurring at a certain age, ii. 79. ANGLESEA, cattle of, i. 80. ANGOLA sheep, i. 95. ANGORA, change in hair of animals at, ii. 278; cats of, i. 45, 47; rabbits of, i. 106, 120. ANIMALS, domestication of, facilitated by fearlessness of man, i. 20; refusal of wild, to breed in captivity, ii. 149; compound, individual peculiarities of, reproduced by budding, i. 374; variation by selection in useful qualities of, ii. 220. ANNUAL plants, rarity of bud-variation in, i. 408. ANOMALIES in the osteology of the horse, i. 50. ANOMALOUS breeds of pigs, i. 75; of cattle, i. 89. Anser albifrons, characters of, reproduced in domestic geese, i. 288. Anser aegyptiacus, i. 282; ii. 68. Anser canadensis, ii. 157. Anser cygnoides, i. 237. Anser ferus, the original of the domestic goose, i. 287; fertility of cross of, with domestic goose, i. 288. ANSON, on feral fowls in the Ladrones, i. 238. ANTAGONISM between growth and reproduction, ii. 384. Anthemis nobilis, bud-variation in flowers of, i. 379; becomes single in poor soil, ii. 167. ANTHEROZOIDS, apparent independence of, in algae, ii. 384. ANTHERS, contabescence of, ii. 165-166. ANTIGUA, cats of, i. 46; changed fleece of sheep in, i. 98. Antirrhinum majus, peloric, i. 365; ii. 59, 70, 166; double-flowered, ii. 167; bud-variation in, i. 381. ANTS, individual recognition of, ii. 251. APES, anthropomorphous, ii. 123. APHIDES, attacking pear-trees, ii. 231; development of, ii. 361-362. APOPLEXY, hereditary, occurring at a certain age, ii. 78. APPLE, i. 348-350; fruit of, in Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317; rendered fastigate by heat in India, i. 361; bud-variation in the, i. 376; with dimidiate fruit, i. 392-393; with two kinds of fruit on the same branch, i. 392; artificial fecundation of, i. 401; St. Valery, i. 401; ii. 166; reversion in seedlings of, ii. 31; crossing of varieties of, ii. 129; growth of the, in Ceylon, ii. 277; Winter Majetin, not attacked by coccus, ii. 231; flower-buds of, attacked by bullfinches, ii. 232; American, change of when grown in England, ii. 275. APRICOT, i. 344-345; glands on the leaves of, ii. 231; analogous variation in the, ii. 348. Aquila fusca, copulating in captivity, ii. 154. Aquilegia vulgaris, i. 365; ii. 330. ARAB boarhound, described by Harcourt, i. 17. Arabis blepharophylla and A. Soyeri, effects of crossing, i. 400. Aralia trifoliata, bud-variation in leaves of, i. 382. ARAUCARIAS, young, variable resistance of, to frost, ii. 309. ARCHANGEL pigeon, ii. 240. ARCTIC regions, variability of plants and shells of, ii. 256. Aria vestita, grafted on thorns, i. 387. ARISTOPHANES, fowls mentioned by, i. 246. ARISTOTLE, on solid-hoofed pigs, i. 75; domestic duck unknown to, i. 277; on the assumption of male characters by old hens, ii. 51. {435} ARNI, domestication of the, i. 82. ARREST of development, ii. 315-318. ARTERIES, increase of anastomosing branches of, when tied, ii. 230. ARU islands, wild pig of, i. 67. ARUM, Polynesian varieties of, ii. 256. Ascaris, number of eggs of, ii. 379. ASH, varieties of the, i. 360; weeping, i. 361; simple-leaved, i. 362; bud-variation in, i. 382; effects of graft upon the stock in the, i. 394; production of the blotched Breadalbane, ibid.; weeping, capricious reproduction of, by seed, ii. 19. Asinus Burchellii, i. 64. Asinus hemionus, ii. 43. Asinus indicus, ii. 42-43, 48. Asinus quagga, i. 64. Asinus taeniopus, ii. 41; the original of the domestic ass, i. 62. ASPARAGUS, increased fertility of cultivated, ii. 113. ASS, early domestication of the, i. 62; breeds of, ibid.; small size of, in India, ibid.; stripes of, i. 62-63; ii. 351; dislike of to cross water, i. 181; reversion in, ii. 41-43, 47; hybrid of the, with mare and zebra, ii. 42; prepotency of the, over the horse, ii. 67-68; crossed with wild ass, ii. 206; variation and selection of the, ii. 236. ASSYRIAN sculpture of a mastiff, i. 17. ASTERS, ii. 20, 316. ASTHMA, hereditary, ii. 8, 79. ATAVISM. See Reversion. ATHELSTAN, his care of horses, ii. 203. ATKINSON, Mr., on the sterility of the Tarroo silk-moth in confinement, ii. 157. AUBERGINE, ii. 91. AUDUBON, on feral hybrid ducks, i. 190; ii. 46; on the domestication of wild ducks on the Mississippi, i. 278; on the wild cock turkey visiting domestic hens, i. 292; fertility of Fringilla ciris in captivity, ii. 154; fertility of Columba migratoria and leucocephala in captivity, ii. 155; breeding of Anser canadensis in captivity, ii. 157. AUDUBON and Bachman, on the change of coat in Ovis montana, i. 99; sterility of Sciurus cinerea in confinement, ii. 152. AURICULA, effect of seasonal conditions on the, ii. 273; blooming of, ii. 346. AUSTRALIA, no generally useful plants derived from, i. 310; useful plants of, enumerated by Hooker, i. 311. AUSTRIA, heredity of character in emperors of, ii. 65. AUTENRIETH, on persistency of colour in horses, ii. 21. AVA, horses of, i. 53. Avena fatua, cultivability of, i. 313. AYEEN Akbery, pigeons mentioned in the, i. 150, 155, 185, 205, 207, 208. AYRES, W. P., on bud-variation in pelargoniums, i. 378. Azalea indica, bud-variation in, i. 377. AZARA, on the feral dogs of La Plata, i. 27; on the crossing of domestic with wild cats in Paraguay, i. 45; on hornlike processes in horses, i. 50; on curled hair in horses, i. 54; ii. 205, 325; on the colours of feral horses, i. 60, 61; ii. 259; on the cattle of Paraguay and La Plata, i. 82, 86, 89; ii. 250; on a hornless bull, ii. 205; on the increase of cattle in South America, ii. 119; on the growth of horns in the hornless cattle of Corrientes, ii. 39; on the "Niata" cattle, i. 90; on naked quadrupeds, ii. 279; on a race of black-skinned fowls in South America, i. 258; ii. 209; on a variety of maize, i. 321.

BABINGTON, C. C., on the origin of the plum, i. 345; British species of the genus Rosa, i. 366; distinctness of Viola lutea and tricolor, i. 368. BACHMANN, Mr., on the turkey, ii. 262. See also Audubon. BADGER, breeding in confinement, ii. 151. "BAGADOTTEN-TAUBE," i. 141. BAILY, Mr., on the effect of selection on fowls, ii. 198; on Dorking fowls, ii. 238. BAIRD, S., on the origin of the turkey, i. 292. BAKER, Mr., on heredity in the horse, ii. 11; on the degeneration of the horse by neglect, ii. 239; orders of Henrys VII. and VIII. for the destruction of undersized mares, ii. 203. BAKEWELL, change in the sheep effected by, ii. 198. BALANCEMENT, ii. 342-344; of growth, law of, i. 274. BALDHEAD, pigeon, i. 151. BALDNESS, in man, inherited, ii. 73-74; with deficiency in teeth, ii. 326-327. BALLANCE, Mr., on the effects of interbreeding on fowls, ii. 125; on variation in the eggs of fowls, i. 248. Ballota nigra, transmission of variegated leaves in, i. 383. BAMBOO, varieties of the, ii. 256. BANANA, variation of the, i. 372; ii. 256, 258; bud-variation in the, i. 377; sterility of the, ii. 268. BANTAM fowls, i. 230; Sebright, origin of, ii. 96; sterility of, ii. 101. BARB (Pigeon), i. 144-146, 210; ii. 227; {436} figure of, i. 145; figure of lower jaw of, i. 164. BARBS, of wheat, i. 314. BARBERRY, dark or red-leaved variety, i. 362; ii. 19; reversion in suckers of seedless variety, i. 384. BARBUT, J., on the dogs of Guinea, i. 25; on the domestic pigeons in Guinea, i. 186; fowls not native in Guinea, i. 237. BARKING, acquisition of the habit of, by various dogs, i. 27. BARLEY, wild, i. 313; of the lake-dwellings, i. 317-318; ancient variety of, ii. 429. BARNES, Mr., production of early peas by selection, ii. 201. BARNET, Mr., on the intercrossing of strawberries, i. 351; dioeciousness of the Hautbois strawberry, i. 353; on the scarlet American strawberry, ii. 200. BARTH, Dr., use of grass-seeds as food in Central Africa, i. 308. BARTLETT, A. D., on the origin of "Himalayan" rabbits by intercrossing, i. 109; on the feral rabbits of Porto Santo, i. 114; on geese with reversed feathers on the head and neck, i. 288; on the young of the black-shouldered peacock, i. 290; on the breeding of the Felidae in captivity, ii. 150. BARTRAM, on the black wolf-dog of Florida, i. 22. BATES, H. W., refusal of wild animals to breed in captivity, ii. 150, 152; sterility of American monkeys in captivity, ii. 153; sterility of tamed guans, ii. 156. BATRACHIA, regeneration of lost parts in, ii. 15. BEACH, raised, in Peru, containing heads of maize, i. 320. BEAK, variability of, in fowls, i. 258; individual differences of, in pigeons, i. 160; correlation of, with the feet in pigeons, i. 171-174. BEALE, Lionel, on the contents of cells, ii. 370; on the multiplication of infectious atoms, ii. 378; on the origin of fibres, ii. 382. BEANS, i. 330; of Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 319; varieties of, produced by selection, ii. 218; French and scarlet, variable resistance of to frost, ii. 309, 314; superiority of native seed of, ii. 314; a symmetrical variation of scarlet, ii. 322; experiments on kidney, i. 330; with monstrous stipules and abortive leaflets, ii. 343. BEARD, pigeon, i. 151. BEARS, breeding in captivity, ii. 151. BEASLEY, J., reversion in crossed cattle, ii. 41. BEATON, D., effect of soil upon strawberries, i. 353; on varieties of pelargonium, i. 364, ii. 274, 311; bud-variation in Gladiolus colvillii, i. 382; cross between Scotch kail and cabbage, ii. 98; hybrid gladiolus, ii. 139; constant occurrence of new forms among seedlings, ii. 235; on the doubling of the compositae, ii. 316. BECHUANA cattle, i. 88. BECK, Mr., constitutional differences in pelargoniums, i. 364. BECKMANN, on changes in the odours of plants, ii. 274. BECKSTEIN, on the burrowing of wolves, i. 27; "Spitz" dog, i. 31; origin of the Newfoundland dog, i. 42; crossing of domestic and wild swine, i. 66; on the Jacobin pigeon, i. 154, 209; notice of swallow-pigeons, i. 156; on a fork-tailed pigeon, i. 157; variations in the colour of the croup in pigeons, i. 184; on the German dove-cot pigeon, i. 185; fertility of mongrel pigeons, i. 192; on hybrid turtle-doves, i. 193; on crossing the pigeon with Columba oenas, C. palumbus, Turtur risoria, and T. vulgaris, i. 193; development of spurs in the silk-hen, i. 256; on Polish fowls, i. 257, 264; on crested birds, i. 257; on the Canary-bird, i. 295, ii. 22, 161; German superstition about the turkey, i. 293; occurrence of horns in hornless breeds of sheep, ii. 30; hybrids of the horse and ass, ii. 68; crosses of tailless fowls, ii. 92; difficulty of pairing dove-cot and fancy pigeons, ii. 103; fertility of tame ferrets and rabbits, ii. 112; fertility of wild sow, ibid.; difficulty of breeding caged birds, ii. 154; comparative fertility of Psittacus erithacus in captivity, ii. 155; on changes of plumage in captivity, ii. 158; liability of light-coloured cattle to the attacks of flies, ii. 229; want of exercise a cause of variability, ii. 257; effect of privation of light upon the plumage of birds, ii. 280; on a sub-variety of the monk-pigeon, ii. 350. BEDDOE, Dr., correlation of complexion with consumption, ii. 335. BEDEGUAR gall, ii. 284. BEE, persistency of character of, ii. 236, 254; intercrossing, ii. 126; conveyance, of pollen of peas by, i. 329. BEE-OPHRYS, self-fertilisation of, ii. 91. BEECH, dark-leaved, i. 362, ii. 19; fern-leaved, reversion of, i. 382; weeping, non-production of by seed, ii. 19. BEECHEY, horses of Loochoo Islands, i. 53. BEET, i. 326; increase of sugar in, by selection, ii. 201. {437} Begonia frigida, singular variety of, i. 365; sterility of, ii. 166. BELGIAN rabbit, i. 106. BELL, T., statement that white cattle have coloured ears, i. 85. BELL, W., bud-variation in Cistus tricuspis, i. 377. BELLINGERI, observations on gestation in the dog, i. 30; on the fertility of dogs and cats, ii. 112. BELON, on high-flying pigeons in Paphlagonia, i. 209; varieties of the goose, i. 289. BENGUELA, cattle of, i. 88. BENNETT, Dr. G., pigs of the Pacific islands, i. 70, 87; dogs of the Pacific islands, i. 87; varieties of cultivated plants in Tahiti, ii. 256. BENNETT, Mr., on the fallow deer, ii. 103. BENTHAM, G., number and origin of cultivated plants, i. 306; cereals all cultivated varieties, i. 312; species of the orange group, i. 334-335; distinctions of almond and peach, i. 338; British species of Rosa, i. 366; identity of Viola lutea and tricolor, i. 368. Berberis vulgaris, i. 384, ii. 19. Berberis Wallichii, indifference of, to climate, ii. 164. BERJEAN, on the history of the dog, i. 16, 18. BERKELEY, G. F., production of hen-cocks in a strain of game-fowls, i. 253. BERKELEY, M. J., crossing of varieties of the pea, i. 397; effect of foreign pollen on grapes, i. 400; on hybrid plants, ii. 131; analogy between pollen of highly-cultivated plants and hybrids, ii. 268; on Hungarian kidney-beans, ii. 275; failure of Indian wheat in England, ii. 307; bud developed on the petal of a Clarkia, ii. 384. BERNARD, inheritance of disease in the horse, ii. 10. BERNARD, C., independence of the organs of the body, ii. 368-369; special affinities of the tissues, ii. 380. BERNHARDI, varieties of plants with laciniated leaves, ii. 348. Bernicla antarctica, i. 288. BERTERO, on feral pigeons in Juan Fernandez, i. 190. Betula alba, ii. 18. BEWICK, on the British wild cattle, i. 84. BIBLE, reference to breeding studs of horses in, i. 54; references to domestic pigeons in the, i. 205; indications of selection of sheep in the, ii. 201; notice of mules in the, ii. 202. BIDWELL, Mr., on self-impotence in Amaryllis, ii. 139. BIRCH, weeping, i. 387, ii. 18. BIRCH, Dr. S., on the ancient domestication of the pigeon in Egypt, i. 205; notice of bantam fowls in a Japanese encyclopaedia, i. 230, 247. BIRCH, Wyrley, on silver-grey rabbits, i. 109-110. BIRDS, sterility caused in, by change of conditions, ii. 153-157. BLADDER-NUT, tendency of the, to become double, ii. 168. BLAINE, Mr., on wry-legged terriers, ii. 245. BLAINVILLE, origin and history of the dog, i. 15-16; variations in the number of teeth in dogs, i. 34; variations in the number of toes in dogs, i. 35; on mummies of cats, i. 43; on the osteology of solid-hoofed pigs, i. 75; on feral Patagonian and N. American pigs, i. 77. "BLASS-TAUBE," i. 156. BLEEDING, hereditary, ii. 7, 8; sexual limitation of excessive, ii. 73. BLENDING of crossed races, time occupied by the, ii. 87. BLINDNESS, hereditary, ii. 9; at a certain age, ii. 78; associated with colour of hair, ii. 328. BLOODHOUNDS, degeneration of, caused by interbreeding, ii. 121. BLUMENBACH, on the protuberance of the skull in Polish fowls, i. 257; on the effect of circumcision, ii. 23; inheritance of a crooked finger, ii. 23; on badger-dogs and other varieties of the dog, ii. 220; on Hydra, ii. 293; on the "nisus formativus," ii. 294. BLYTH, E., on the Pariah dog, i. 24; hybrids of dog and jackal, i. 32; early domestication of cats in India, i. 43; origin of domestic cat, ib.; crossing of domestic and wild cats, i. 44; on Indian cats resembling Felis chaus, i. 45; on striped Burmese ponies, i. 58; on the stripes of the ass, i. 63; on Indian wild pigs, i. 66; on humped cattle, i. 79, 80; occurrence of Bos frontosus in Irish crannoges, i. 81; fertile crossing of zebus and common cattle, i. 83; on the species of sheep, i. 94; on the fat-tailed Indian sheep, i. 96; origin of the goat, i. 101; on rabbits breeding in India, i. 112; number of tail-feathers in fantails, i. 146; Lotan tumbler pigeons, i. 150; number of tail-feathers in Ectopistes, i. 159; on Columba affinis, i. 183; pigeons roosting in trees, i. 181; on Columba leuconota, i. 182; on Columba intermedia of Strickland, i. 184; variation in colour of croup in pigeons, i. 184-185, 197; voluntary domestication of rock-pigeons in India, i. 185; feral pigeons on the Hudson, i. 190; {438} occurrence of sub-species of pigeons, i. 204; notice of pigeon-fanciers in Delhi, &c., i. 206; hybrids of Gallus Sonneratii and the domestic hen, i. 234; supposed hybridity of Gallus Temminckii, i. 235; variations and domestication of Gallus bankiva, i. 235-236, 237; crossing of wild and tame fowls in Burmah, i. 236; restricted range of the larger gallinaceous birds, i. 237; feral fowls in the Nicobar islands, i. 238; black-skinned fowls occurring near Calcutta, i. 256; weight of Gallus bankiva, i. 272; degeneration of the turkey in India, i. 294, ii. 278; on the colour of gold-fish, i. 296; on the Ghor-Khur (Asinus indicus), ii. 42; on Asinus hemionus, ii. 43; number of eggs of Gallus bankiva, ii. 112; on the breeding of birds in captivity, ii. 157; co-existence of large and small breeds in the same country, ii. 279; on the drooping ears of the elephant, ii. 301; homology of leg and wing feathers, ii. 323. BOETHIUS on Scotch wild cattle, i. 85. BOITARD and Corbie, on the breeds of pigeons, i. 132; Lille pouter pigeon, i. 138; notice of a gliding pigeon, i. 156; variety of the pouter pigeon, i. 162; dove-cot pigeon, i. 185; crossing pigeons, i. 192-193, ii. 97, 126; sterility of hybrids of turtle-doves, i. 193; reversion of crossed pigeons, i. 197, ii. 40; on the fantail, i. 208, ii. 66; on the trumpeter, ii. 66; prepotency of transmission in silky fantail, ii. 67, 69; secondary sexual characters in pigeons, ii. 74; crossing of white and coloured turtle-doves, ii. 92; fertility of pigeons, ii. 112. BOMBYCIDAE, wingless females of, ii. 299. Bombyx hesperus, ii. 304. Bombyx Huttoni, i. 302. Bombyx mori, i. 300-304. BONAFOUS, on maize, i. 320, 321. BONAPARTE, number of species of Columbidae, i. 133; number of tail-feathers in pigeons, i. 158; size of the feet in Columbidae, i. 174; on Columba guinea, i. 182; Columba turricola, rupestris, and Schimperi, i. 184. Bonatea speciosa, development of ovary of, i. 403. BONAVIA, Dr., growth of cauliflowers in India, ii. 310. BONES, removal of portions of, ii. 296; regeneration of, ii. 294; growth and repair of, ii. 381-382. BONNET, on the salamander, ii. 15, 341, 358, 385; theory of reproduction, ii. 385. BORCHMEYER, experiments with the seeds of the weeping ash, ii. 19. BORECOLE, i. 323. BORELLI, on Polish fowls, i. 247. BORNEO, fowls of, with tail-bands, i. 235. BORNET, E., condition of the ovary in hybrid Cisti, i. 389; self-impotence of hybrid Cisti, ii. 140. BORROW, G., on pointers, i. 42. BORY de Saint-Vincent, on gold-fish, i. 297. Bos, probable origin of European domestic cattle from three species of, i. 83. Bos frontosus, i. 79, 81-82. Bos indicus, i. 79. Bos longifrons, i. 79, 81. Bos primigenius, i. 79-81, 119. Bos sondaicus, ii. 206. Bos taurus, i. 79. Bos trochoceros, i. 81. BOSC, heredity in foliage-varieties of the elm, i. 362. BOSSE, production of double flowers from old seed, ii. 167. BOSSI, on breeding dark-coloured silkworms, i. 302. BOUCHARDAT, on the vine disease, i. 334. BOUDIN, on local diseases, ii. 276; resistance to cold of dark-complexioned men, ii. 335. "BOULANS," i. 137. "BOUTON d'Alep," ii. 276. BOWEN, Prof., doubts as to the importance of inheritance, ii. 3. BOWMAN, Mr., hereditary peculiarities in the human eye, ii. 8-10; hereditary cataract, ii. 79. BRACE, Mr., on Hungarian cattle, i. 80. Brachycome iberidifolia, ii. 261. BRACTS, unusual development of, in gooseberries, i. 355. BRADLEY, Mr., effect of grafts upon the stock in the ash, i. 394; effect of foreign pollen upon apples, i. 401; on change of soil, ii. 146. "BRAHMA Pootras," a new breed of fowls, i. 245. BRAIN, proportion of, in hares and rabbits, i. 126-129. BRANDT, origin of the goat, i. 101. Brassica, varieties of, with enlarged stems, ii. 348. Brassica asperifolia, ii. 343. Brassica napus, i. 325. Brassica oleracea, i. 323. Brassica rapa, i. 325, ii. 165. BRAUN, A., bud-variation in the vine, i. 375; in the currant, i. 376; in Mirabilis jalapa, i. 382; in Cytisus adami, i. 388; on reversion in the foliage of trees, i. 382; spontaneous production of Cytisus purpureo-elongatus, i. 390; reversion of flowers by stripes and blotches, ii. 37; excess of nourishment a source of variability, ii. 257. {439} BRAZIL, cattle of, i. 88. BREAD-FRUIT, varieties of, ii. 256; sterility and variability of, ii. 262. BREE, W. T., bud-variation in Geranium pratense and Centaurea cyanus, i. 379; by tubers in the dahlia, i. 385; on the deafness of white cats with blue eyes, ii. 329. BREEDING, high, dependent on inheritance, ii. 3-4. BREEDS, domestic, persistency of, ii. 246, 428-429; artificial and natural, ii. 413-414; extinction of, ii. 425; of domestic cats, i. 45-47; of pigs produced by crossing, i. 78; of cattle, i. 86-87, 91-93; of goats, i. 101. BREHM, on Columba amaliae, i. 183. BRENT, B. P., number of mammae in rabbits, i. 106; habits of the tumbler pigeon, i. 151; Laugher pigeon, i. 155; colouring of the kite tumbler, i. 160; crossing of the pigeon with Columba oenas, i. 193; mongrels of the trumpeter pigeon, ii. 66; close interbreeding of pigeons, ii. 126; opinion on Aldrovandi's fowls, i. 247; on stripes in chickens, i. 249-250; on the combs of fowls, i. 253; double-spurred Dorking fowls, i. 255; effect of crossing on colour of plumage in fowls, i. 258; incubatory instinct of mongrels between non-sitting varieties of fowls, ii. 44; origin of the domestic duck, i. 277; fertility of the hook-billed duck, ibid.; occurrence of the plumage of the wild duck in domestic breeds, i. 280; voice of ducks, i. 281; occurrence of a short upper mandible in crosses of hook-billed and common ducks, i. 281; reversion in ducks produced by crossing, ii. 40; variation of the canary-bird, i. 295; fashion in the canary, ii. 240; hybrids of canary and finches, ii. 45. BRICKELL, on raising nectarines from seed, i. 340; on the horses of North Carolina, ii. 300. BRIDGES, Mr., on the dogs of Tierra del Fuego, i. 39; on the selection of dogs by the Fuegians, ii. 207. BRIDGMAN, W. K., reproduction of abnormal ferns, i. 383, ii. 379. BRIGGS, J. J., regeneration of portions of the fins of fishes, ii. 15. BROCA, P., on the intercrossing of dogs, i. 31-32; on hybrids of hare and rabbit, i. 105; on the rumpless fowl, i. 259; on the character of half-castes, ii. 47; degree of fertility of mongrels, ii. 100; sterility of descendants of wild animals bred in captivity, ii. 160. BROCCOLI, i. 323; rudimentary flowers in, ii. 316; tenderness of, ii. 310. BROMEHEAD, W., doubling of the Canterbury bell by selection, ii. 200. BROMFIELD, Dr., sterility of the ivy and Acorus calamus, ii. 170. Bromus secalinus, i. 314. BRONN, H. G., bud-variation in Anthemis, i. 379; effects of cross-breeding on the female, i. 404; on heredity in a one-horned cow, ii. 12, 13; propagation of a pendulous peach by seed, ii. 18; absorption of the minority in crossed races, ii. 88; on the crossing of horses, ii. 92; fertility of tame rabbits and sheep, ii. 112; changes of plumage in captivity, ii. 158; on the dahlia, ii. 261. BRONZE period, dog of, i. 18. BROWN, G., variations in the dentition of the horse, i. 50. BROWN-SEQUARD, Dr., inheritance of artificially-produced epilepsy in the guinea-pig, ii. 24. Brunswigia, ii. 139. BRUSSELS Sprouts, i. 323, ii. 429. Bubo maximus, ii. 154. BUCKLAND, F., on oysters, ii. 280; number of eggs in a codfish, ii. 379. BUCKLE, Mr., doubts as to the importance of inheritance, ii. 3. BUCKLEY, Miss, carrier-pigeons roosting in trees, i. 181. BUCKMAN, Prof., cultivation of Avena fatua, i. 313; cultivation of the wild parsnip, i. 326, ii. 201, 277; reversion in the parsnip, ii. 31. BUCKWHEAT, injurious to white pigs, when in flower, ii. 337. BUD and seed, close analogy of, i. 411. BUD-REVERSION, ii. 37. BUDS, adventitious, ii. 384. BUD-VARIATION, i. 373-411, ii. 254, 287-288, 291; contrasted with seminal reproduction, i. 373; peculiar to plants, i. 374; in the peach, i. 340, 374; in plums, i. 375; in the cherry, ibid.; in grapes, ibid.; in the gooseberry, currant, pear, and apple, i. 376; in the banana, camellia, hawthorn, Azalea indica, and Cistus tricuspis, i. 377; in the hollyhock and pelargonium, i. 378; in Geranium pratense and the chrysanthemum, i. 379; in roses, i. 367, 379-381; in sweet williams, carnations, pinks, stocks, and snapdragons, i. 381; in wall-flowers, cyclamen, Oenothera biennis, Gladiolus colvillii, fuchsias, and Mirabilis jalapa, i. 382; in foliage of various trees, i. 382-384; in cryptogamic plants, i. 383; by suckers in Phlox and barberry, i. 384; by tubers in the potato, ibid.; in the dahlia, i. 385; by bulbs in hyacinths, Imatophyllum miniatum, and tulips, i. 385; in Tigridia conchiflora, i. 386; {440} in Hemerocallis, ibid.; doubtful cases, i. 386-387; in Cytisus Adami, i. 387-394; probable in Aesculus rubicunda, i. 392; summary of observations on, 406. BUFFON, on crossing the wolf and dog, i. 32; increase of fertility by domestication, ii. 111; improvement of plants by unconscious selection, ii. 216; theory of reproduction, ii. 375. Bulimus, ii. 53. BULL, apparent influence of, on offspring, ii. 68. BULLACE, i. 345. BULLDOG, recent modifications of, i. 42. BULLFINCH, breeding in captivity, ii. 154; attacking flower-buds, ii. 232. BULT, Mr., selection of pouter pigeons, ii. 197. "BUENDTNERSCHWEIN," i. 67. BUNTING, reed, in captivity, ii. 158. BURDACH, crossing of domestic and wild animals, i. 66; aversion of the wild boar to barley, ii. 303. BURKE, Mr., inheritance in the horse, ii. 10. Burlingtonia, ii. 135. BURMAH, cats of, i. 47. BURMESE ponies, striped, i. 58, 59. BURNES, Sir A., on the Karakool sheep, i. 98, ii. 278; varieties of the vine in Cabool, i. 333; hawks, trained in Scinde, ii. 153; pomegranates producing seed, ii. 168. BURTON Constable, wild cattle at, i. 84. "BURZEL-TAUBEN," i. 150. BUSSORAH carrier, i. 141. Buteo vulgaris, copulation of, in captivity, ii. 154. BUTTERFLIES, polymorphic, ii. 399-400. BUZAREINGUES, Girou de, inheritance of tricks, ii. 6.

CABANIS, pears grafted on the quince, ii. 239. CABBAGE, i. 323-326; varieties of, i. 323; unity of character in flowers and seeds of, i. 323-324; cultivated by ancient Celts, i. 324; classification of varieties of, ibid.; ready crossing of, ibid., ii. 90, 91, 98, 130; origin of, i. 325; increased fertility of, when cultivated, ii. 113; growth of, in tropical countries, ii. 277. CABOOL, vines of, i. 333. CABRAL, on early cultivation in Brazil, i. 311. CACTUS, growth of cochineal on, in India, ii. 275. CAESAR, Bos primigenius wild in Europe in the time of, i. 81; notice of fowls in Britain, i. 246; notice of the importation of horses by the Celts, ii. 203. CAFFRE fowls, i. 230. CAFFRES, different kinds of cattle possessed by the, i. 88. "CAGIAS," a breed of sheep, i. 95. CALCEOLARIAS, i. 364; ii. 147; effects of seasonal conditions on, ii. 274; peloric flowers in, ii. 346. "CALONGOS," a Columbian breed of cattle, i. 88. CALVER, Mr., on a seedling peach producing both peaches and nectarines, i. 341. CALYX, segments of the, converted into carpels, ii. 392. CAMEL, its dislike to crossing water, i. 181. Camellia, bud-variations in, i. 377; recognition of varieties of, ii. 251; variety in, hardiness of, ii. 308. CAMERON, D., on the cultivation of Alpine plants, ii. 163. CAMERONN, Baron, value of English blood in race-horses, ii. 11. Campanula medium, ii. 200. CANARY-BIRD, i. 295; conditions of inheritance in, ii. 22; hybrids of, ii. 45; period of perfect plumage in, ii. 77; diminished fertility of, ii. 161; standard of perfection in, ii. 195; analogous variation in, ii. 349. CANCER, heredity of, ii. 7, 8, 79. CANINE teeth, development of the, in mares, ii. 318. Canis alopex, i. 29. Canis antarcticus, i. 20. Canis argentatus, ii. 151. Canis aureus, i. 29. Canis cancrivorus, domesticated and crossed in Guiana, i. 23. Canis cinereo-variegatus, i. 29. Canis fulvus, i. 29. Canis Ingae, the naked Peruvian dog, i. 23. Canis latrans, resemblance of, to the Hare Indian dog, i. 22; one of the original stocks, i. 26. Canis lupaster, i. 25. Canis lupus, var. occidentalis, resemblance of, to North American dogs, i. 21; crossed with dogs, i. 22; one of the original stocks, i. 26. Canis mesomelas, i. 25, 29. Canis primaevus, tamed by Mr. Hodgson, i. 26. Canis sabbar, i. 25. Canis simensis, possible original of greyhounds, i. 33. Canis thaleb, i. 29. Canis variegatus, i. 29. CANTERBURY Bell, doubled by selection, ii. 200. CAPE of Good Hope, different kinds of cattle at the, i. 88; {441} no useful plants derived from the, i. 310. CAPERCAILZIE, breeding in captivity, ii. 156. Capra aegagrus and C. Falconeri, probable parents of domestic goat, i. 101. CAPSICUM, i. 371. CARDAN, on a variety of the walnut, i. 356; on grafted walnuts, ii. 259-260. CARDOON, ii. 34. Carex rigida, local sterility of the, ii. 170. CARLIER, early selection of sheep, ii. 204. CARLISLE, Sir A., inheritance of peculiarities, ii. 6, 8; of polydactylism, ii. 13. "CARME" pigeon, i. 156. CARNATION, bud-variation in, i. 381; variability of, i. 370; striped, produced by crossing red and white, i. 393; effect of conditions of life on the, ii. 273. CARNIVORA, general fertility of, in captivity, ii. 150. CAROLINE Archipelago, cats of, i. 47. CARP, ii. 236. CARPELS, variation of, in cultivated cucurbitaceae, i. 359. CARPENTER, W. B., regeneration of bone, ii. 294; production of double monsters, ii. 340; number of eggs in an Ascaris, ii. 379. Carpinus betulus, i. 362. Carpophaga littoralis and luctuosa, i. 182. CARRIER pigeon, i. 139-142; English, i. 139-141; figured, i. 140; skull figured, i. 163; history of the, i. 211; Persian, i. 141; Bussorah, ibid.; Bagadotten, skull figured, i. 163; lower jaw figured, i. 165. CARRIERE, cultivation of the wild carrot, i. 326; intermediate form between the almond and the peach, i. 338; glands of peach-leaves, i. 343; bud-variation in the vine, i. 375; grafts of Aria vestita upon thorns, i. 387; variability of hybrids of Erythrina, ii. 265. CARROT, wild, effects of cultivation on the, i. 326; reversion in the, ii. 31; run wild, ii. 33; increased fertility of cultivated, ii. 113; experiments on the, ii. 277; acclimatisation of the, in India, ii. 311. Carthamus, abortion of the pappus in, ii. 316. CARTIER, cultivation of native plants in Canada, i. 312. CARYOPHYLLACEAE, frequency of contabescence in the, ii. 165. CASPARY, bud-variation in the moss-rose, i. 380; on the ovules and pollen of Cytisus, i. 388-389; crossing of Cytisus purpureus and C. laburnum, i. 389; trifacial orange, i. 391; differently-coloured flowers in the wild Viola lutea, i. 408; sterility of the horse-radish, ii. 170. CASTELNAU, on Brazilian cattle, i. 88. CASTRATION, assumption of female characters caused by, ii. 51-52. Casuarius bennettii, ii. 156. CAT, domestic, i. 43-48; early domestication and probable origin of the, i. 43-44; intercrossing of with wild species, i. 44-45; variations of, i. 45-48; feral, i. 47, ii. 33; anomalous, i. 48; polydactylism in, ii. 14; black, indications of stripes in young, ii. 55; tortoiseshell, ii. 73; effects of crossing in, ii. 86; fertility of, ii. 111; difficulty of selection in, ii. 234, 236; length of intestines in, ii. 302; white with blue eyes, deafness of, ii. 329; with tufted ears, ii. 350. CATARACT, hereditary, ii. 9, 79. CATERPILLARS, effect of changed food on, ii. 280. CATLIN, G., colour of feral horses in North America, i. 61. CATTLE, European, their probable origin from three original species, i. 79-82; humped, or Zebus, i. 79-80; intercrossing of, i. 83, 91-93; wild, of Chillingham, Hamilton, Chartley, Burton Constable, and Gisburne, i. 84, ii. 119; colour of feral, i. 84-85, ii. 102; British breeds of, i. 86-87; South African breeds of, i. 88; South American breeds of, i. 89, ii. 205; Niata, i. 89-91, ii. 205, 208, 332; effects of food and climate on, i. 91-92; effects of selection on, i. 92-93; Dutch-buttocked, ii. 8; hornless, production of horns in, ii. 29-30, 39; reversion in, when crossed, ii. 41; wildness of hybrid, ii. 45; short-horned, prepotency of, ii. 65; wild, influence of crossing and segregation on, ii. 86; crosses of, ii. 96, 104, 118; of Falkland islands, ii. 102; mutual fertility of all varieties of, ii. 110; effects of interbreeding on, ii. 117-119; effects of careful selection on, ii. 194, 199; naked, of Columbia, ii. 205; crossed with wild banteng in Java, ii. 206; with reversed hair in Banda Oriental, ii. 205; selection of trifling characters in, ii. 209; fashion in, ii. 210; similarity of best races of, ii. 241; unconscious selection in, ii. 214; effects of natural selection on anomalous breeds of, ii. 226-227; light-coloured, attacked by flies, ii. 229, 336; Jersey, rapid improvement of, ii. 234; effects of disuse of parts in, ii. 299; rudimentary horns in, ii. 315; supposed influence of humidity on the hair of, ii. 326; {442} white spots of, liable to disease, ii. 337; supposed analogous variation in, ii. 349; displacement of long-horned by short-horned, ii. 426. CAULIFLOWER, i. 323; free-seeding of, in India, ii. 310; rudimentary flowers in, ii. 316. CAVALIER pigeon, ii. 97. Cavia aperea, ii. 152. CAY (Cebus azarae), sterility of, in confinement, ii. 153. Cebus azarae, ii. 153. Cecidomyia, larval development of, ii. 283, 360, 367; and Misocampus, i. 5. CEDARS of Lebanon and Atlas, i. 364. CELERY, turnip-rooted, i. 336; run wild, ii. 33. CELL-THEORY, ii. 370. Celosia cristata, i. 365. CELSUS, on the selection of seed-corn, i. 318, ii. 203. CELTS, early cultivation of the cabbage by the, i. 324; selection of cattle and horses by the, ii. 202-203. Cenchrus, seeds of a, used as food, i. 309. Centaurea cyanus, bud-variation in, i. 379. CEPHALOPODA, spermatophores of, ii. 383. Cerasus padus, yellow-fruited, ii. 19. Cercoleptes, sterility of, in captivity, ii. 152. Cercopithecus, breeding of a species of, in captivity, ii. 153. CEREALS, i. 312-313; of the Neolithic period in Switzerland, i. 317; adaptation of, to soils, ii. 305. Cereus, ii. 38. Cereus speciosissimus and phyllanthus, reversion in hybrids of, i. 392. Cervus canadensis, ii. 158. Cervus dama, ii. 120. CETACEA, correlation of dermal system and teeth in the, ii. 328. CEYLON, cats of, i. 46; pigeon-fancying in, i. 206. Chamaerops humilis, crossed with date palm, i. 399. CHAMISSO, on seeding bread-fruit, ii. 168. CHANNEL islands, breeds of cattle in, i. 80. CHAPMAN, Professor, peach-trees producing nectarines, i. 341. CHAPUIS, F., sexual peculiarities in pigeons, i. 162, ii. 74; effect produced by first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female, i. 405; sterility of the union of some pigeons, ii. 162. CHARACTERS, fixity of, ii. 239; latent, ii. 51-56, 399-400; continued divergence of, ii. 241; antagonistic, ii. 401. CHARDIN, abundance of pigeons in Persia, i. 205. CHARLEMAGNE, orders as to the selection of stallions, ii. 203. CHARTLEY, wild cattle of, i. 84. CHATE, reversion of the upper seeds in the pods of stocks, ii. 347-348. CHATIN, on Ranunculus ficaria, ii. 170. CHAUNDY, Mr., crossed varieties of cabbage, ii. 130. CHEETAH, general sterility of, in captivity, ii. 151. Cheiranthus cheiri, i. 382. CHERRIES, i. 347-348; bud-variation in, i. 375; white Tartarian, ii. 230; variety of, with curled petals, ii. 232; period of vegetation of, changed by forcing, ii. 311. CHEVREUL, on crossing fruit-trees, ii. 129. CHICKENS, differences in characters of, i. 249-250; white, liable to gapes, ii. 228, 336. CHIGOE, ii. 275. CHILE, sheep of, i. 95. CHILLINGHAM cattle, identical with Bos primigenius, i. 81; characters of, i. 83-84. CHILOE, half-castes of, ii. 46. CHINA, cats of, with drooping ears, i. 47; horses of, i. 53; striped ponies of, i. 59; asses of, i. 62; notice of rabbits in, by Confucius, i. 103; breeds of pigeons reared in, i. 206; breeds of fowls of, in fifteenth century, i. 232, 247; goose of, i. 237. CHINCHILLA, fertility of, in captivity, ii. 152. CHINESE, selection practised by the, ii. 204-205; preference of the, for hornless rams, ii. 209; recognition of the value of native breeds by the, ii. 313. CHINESE, or Himalayan rabbit, i. 108. "CHIVOS," a breed of cattle in Paraguay, i. 89. CHOUX-RAVES, i. 323. CHRIST, H., on the plants of the Swiss Lake-dwellings, i. 309, 318; intermediate forms between Pinus sylvestris and montana, i. 363. CHRYSANTHEMUM, i. 379. Chrysotis festiva, ii. 280. CINERARIA, effects of selection on the, ii. 200. CIRCASSIA, horses of, ii. 102. CIRCUMCISION, ii. 23. CIRRIPEDES, metagenesis in, ii. 366. Cistus, intercrossing and hybrids of, i. 336, 389, ii. 140. Cistus tricuspis, bud-variation in, i. 377. CITRONS, i. 334-335. "Citrus aurantium fructu variabili," i. 336. Citrus decumana, i. 335. Citrus lemonum, i. 336. {443} Citrus medica, i. 335-336. CLEFT palate, inheritance of, ii. 24. CLEMENTE, on wild vines in Spain, i. 332. CLERMONT-TONNERRE, on the St. Valery apple, i. 401. CLAPHAM, A., bud-variation in the hawthorn, i. 377. "CLAQUANT," i. 138. "CLAQUERS" (pigeons), i. 156. CLARK, G., on the wild dogs of Juan de Nova, i. 27; on striped Burmese and Javanese ponies, i. 59; breeds of goats imported into the Mauritius, i. 101; variations in the mammae of goats, i. 102; bilobed scrotum of Muscat goat, ibid. CLARK, H. J., on fission and gemmation, ii. 359. CLARKE, R. T., intercrossing of strawberries, i. 352. CLARKE, T., hybridisation of stocks, i. 399, ii. 93. CLARKSON, Mr., prize-cultivation of the gooseberry, i. 355. CLASSIFICATION, explained by the theory of natural selection, i. 11. CLIMATE, effect of, upon breeds of dogs, i. 37; on horses, i. 52, 53; on cattle, i. 91, 92; on the fleece of sheep, i. 98, 99; on seeds of wheat, i. 316; on cultivated cabbages, i. 325; adaptation of maize to, i. 322. CLIMATE and pasture, adaptation of breeds of sheep to, i. 96-97. CLIMATE and soil, effects of, upon strawberries, i. 353. CLINE, Mr., on the skull in horned and hornless rams, ii. 333. CLOS, on sterility in Ranunculus ficaria, ii. 170. CLOTZSCH, hybrids of various trees, ii. 130. CLOVER, pelorism in, ii. 340. COATE, Mr., on interbreeding pigs, ii. 122. COCCUS of apple trees, ii. 231. COCHIN fowls, i. 227, 250, 252, 260-261; occipital foramen of, figured, i. 261; section of skull of, figured, i. 263; cervical vertebra of, figured, i. 267. COCHINEAL, persistence of, ii. 236; preference of, for a particular cactus, ii. 275. Cochlearia armoracia, ii. 170. COCK, game, natural selection in, ii. 225; spur of, grafted on the comb, ii. 296; spur of, inserted into the eye of an ox, ii. 369; effect of castration upon the, ii. 51-52. COCK'S-COMB, varieties of the, i. 365. COCOONS, of silkworms, variations in, i. 302-303. CODFISH, bulldog, i. 89; number of eggs in the, ii. 379. Coelogenys paca, ii. 152. COLIN, prepotency of the ass over the horse, ii. 67-68; on cross-breeding, ii. 97; on change of diet, ii. 304. COLLINSON, Peter, peach-tree producing a nectarine, i. 340. COLORATION, in pigeons, an evidence of unity of descent, i. 195-197. COLOUR, correlation of, in dogs, i. 28-29; persistence of, in horses, i. 50; inheritance and diversity of, in horses, i. 55; variations of, in the ass, i. 62-63; of wild or feral cattle, i. 85; transmission of, in rabbits, i. 107; peculiarities of, in Himalayan rabbits, i. 111; influence of, ii. 227-230; correlation of, in head and limbs, ii. 324; correlated with constitutional peculiarities, ii. 335-338. COLOUR and odour, correlation of, ii. 325. COLOUR-BLINDNESS, hereditary, ii. 9; more common in men than in women, ii. 72-73; associated with inability to distinguish musical sounds, ii. 328. COLOURS, sometimes not blended by crossing, ii. 92. Columba affinis, Blyth, a variety of C. livia, i. 183. Columba amaliae, Brehm, a variety of C. livia, i. 183. Columba guinea, i. 182. Columba gymnocyclus, Gray, a form of C. livia, i. 184. Columba gymnophthalmos, hybrids of, with C. oenas, i. 193; with C. maculosa, i. 194. Columba intermedia, Strickland, a variety of C. livia, i. 184. Columba leucocephala, ii. 155. Columba leuconota, i. 182, 195. Columba littoralis, i. 182. Columba livia, ii. 29, 40; the parent of domestic breeds of pigeons, i. 183; measurements of, i. 134; figured, i. 135; skull figured, i. 163; lower jaw figured, i. 164, 168; scapula figured, i. 167. Columba luctuosa, i. 182. Columba migratoria and leucocephala, diminished fertility of, in captivity, ii. 155. Columba oenas, i. 183; crossed with common pigeon and C. gymnophthalmos, i. 193. Columba palumbus, i. 193, ii. 350. Columba rupestris, i. 182, 184, 195. Columba Schimperi, i. 184. Columba torquatrix, ii. 350. Columba turricola, i. 184. COLUMBIA, cattle of, i. 88. COLUMBINE, double, i. 365, ii. 330. {444} COLUMBUS, on West Indian dogs, i. 23. COLUMELLA, on Italian shepherd's dogs, i. 23; on domestic fowls, i. 231, 247, ii. 202, 429; on the keeping of ducks, i. 277; on the selection of seed-corn, i. 318; on the benefits of change of soil to plants, ii. 146; on the value of native breeds, ii. 313. COLZA, i. 325. COMB, in fowls, variations of, i. 253-254; sometimes rudimentary, ii. 315. COMPENSATION, law of, i. 274. COMPENSATION of growth, ii. 342-344. COMPLEXION, connexion of, with constitution, ii. 335. COMPOSITAE, double flowers of, i. 365, ii. 167, 316. CONCEPTION, earlier in Alderney and Zetland cows than in other breeds, i. 87. CONDITIONS of life, changed, effect of, ii. 418-419; on horses, i. 52; upon variation in pigeons, i. 212-213; upon wheat, i. 315-316; upon trees, i. 361; in producing bud-variation, i. 408; advantages of, ii. 145-148, 176-177; sterility caused by, ii. 148-165; conducive to variability, ii. 255-261, 394; accumulative action of, ii. 261-263; direct action of, ii. 271-292. CONDOR, breeding in captivity, ii. 154. CONFINEMENT, effect of, upon the cock, ii. 52. CONFUCIUS, on the breeding of rabbits in China, i. 103. CONOLLY, Mr., on Angora goats, ii. 326. CONSTITUTIONAL differences in sheep, i. 96-97; in varieties of apples, i. 349-350; in pelargoniums, i. 364; in dahlias, i. 370. CONSTITUTIONAL peculiarities in strawberries, i. 353; in roses, i. 367. CONSUMPTION, hereditary, ii. 8; period of appearance of, ii. 77; correlated with complexion, ii. 335. CONTABESCENCE, ii. 165-166. Convolvulus batatas, ii. 169, 309. Convolvulus tricolor, bud-variation in, i. 408. COOPER, Mr., improvement of vegetables by selection, ii. 204. COOPER, White, hereditary peculiarities of vision, ii. 9; association of affections of the eyes with those of other systems, ii. 328. CORALS, bud-variation in, i. 374; non-diffusion of cell-gemmules in, ii. 379. CORBIE. See Boitard. CORNEA, opacity of, inherited, ii. 9. Cornus mascula, yellow-fruited, ii. 19. CORRELATION, ii. 319; of neighbouring parts, ii. 320; of change in the whole body and in some of its parts, ii. 321; of homologous parts, ii. 322-331; inexplicable, ii. 331-333; commingling of, with the effects of other agencies, ii. 333-335. CORRELATION of skull and limbs in swine, i. 73; of tusks and bristles in swine, i. 76; of multiplicity of horns and coarseness of wool in sheep, i. 95; of beak and feet in pigeons, i. 172-173; between nestling down and colour of plumage in pigeons, i. 194; of changes in silkworms, i. 304; in plants, ii. 219; in maize, i. 323; in pigeons, i. 167-171, 218; in fowls, i. 274-275. CORRESPONDING periods, inheritance at, ii. 75-80. CORRIENTES, dwarf cattle of, i. 89. CORRINGHAM, Mr., influence of selection on pigs, ii. 198. CORSICA, ponies of, i. 52. "CORTBECK" (pigeon) of Aldrovandi, i. 209. Corvus corone and C. cornix, hybrids of, ii. 94. Corydalis, flower of, ii. 304. Corydalis cava, ii. 132-133. Corydalis solida, sterile when peloric, ii. 167. Corydalis tuberosa, peloric by reversion, ii. 58-59. Corylus avellana, i. 357. COSTA, A., on shells transferred from England to the Mediterranean, ii. 280. "COUVE TRONCHUDA," i. 323. COW, inheritance of loss of one horn in the, ii. 12, 23; amount of milk furnished by the, ii. 300; development of six mammae in, ii. 317. COWSLIP, ii. 21, 182. CRACIDAE, sterility of the, in captivity, ii. 156. CRANES, fertility of, in captivity, ii. 156. Crataegus oxyacantha, i. 363, ii. 18, 232, 258, 377. Crataegus monogyna, i. 364. Crataegus sibirica, i. 364. CRAWFURD, J., Malasian cats, i. 47; horses of the Malay Archipelago, i. 49; horses of Japan, i. 53; occurrence of stripes in young wild pigs of Malacca, i. 76; on a Burmese hairy family with deficient teeth, ii. 77, 327; Japanese origin of the bantam, i. 230; game fowls of the Philippine islands, i. 232; hybrids of Gallus varius and domestic fowl, i. 234; domestication of Gallus bankiva, i. 236; feral fowls in the Pellew islands, i. 238; history of the fowl, i. 246; history of the domestic duck, i. 277; domestication of the goose, i. 287; cultivated plants of New Zealand, i. 312; {445} breeding of tame elephants in Ava, ii. 150; sterility of Goura coronata in confinement, ii. 155; geese of the Philippine islands, ii. 162. CREEPERS, a breed of fowls, i. 230. CRESTED fowl, i. 227; figured, i. 229. "CREVE-COEUR," a French sub-breed of fowls, i. 229. CRISP, Dr., on the brains of the hare and rabbit, i. 126. CROCKER, C. W., singular form of Begonia frigida, i. 365-366, ii. 166; sterility in Ranunculus ficaria, ii. 170. CROCUS, ii. 165. CROSS-BREEDING, permanent effect of, on the female, i. 404. CROSSING, ii. 85-144, 173-192; a cause of uniformity, ii. 85-90, 173; occurs in all organised beings, ii. 90-92; some characters not blended by, ii. 92-95, 173; modifications and new races produced by, ii. 95-99; causes which check, ii. 100-109; domestication and cultivation favourable to, ii. 109-113, 189; beneficial effects of, ii. 114-131, 174-176; necessary in some plants, ii. 131-140, 175-176, 423; summary of subject of, ii. 140-144; of dogs with wolves in North America, i. 21-22; with Canis cancrivorus in Guiana, i. 23; of dog with wolf, described by Pliny and others, i. 24; characters furnished by, brought out by reversion in the progeny, ii. 34-36; a direct cause of reversion, ii. 39-47, 48; a cause of variability, ii. 264-267. CRUSTACEA, macrourous, differences in the development of the, ii. 368. CRUSTACEAN with an antenna-like development of the eye-peduncle, ii. 391. CRYPTOGAMIC plants, bud-variation in, i. 383. CUBA, wild dogs of, i. 27. "CUCKOO," sub-breeds of fowls, i. 244. CUCUMBER, variation in number of carpels of, i. 359; supposed crossing of varieties of the, i. 400. Cucumis momordica, i. 360. Cucumis sativa, i. 359. Cucurbita, dwarf, correlation of leaves in, ii. 330. Cucurbita maxima, i. 357, 359. Cucurbita moschata, i. 357, 359. Cucurbita pepo, i. 357, ii. 108; varieties of, i. 358; relation in size and number of fruit of, ii. 343. CUCURBITACEAE, i. 357-360; supposed crossing of, i. 399; Naudin's observations on hybrids of, ii. 172; acclimatisation of, ii. 313. "CULBUTANTS" (pigeons), i. 150. CULTIVATION of plants, origin of, among savages, i. 309-310; fertility increased by, ii. 111-113. CUNIER, on hereditary night-blindness, ii. 9. CURRANTS, of Tierra del Fuego, i. 309; bud-variation in, i. 376. CURTIS, Mr., bud-variation in the rose, i. 381. CUVIER, on the gestation of the wolf, i. 29; the odour of the jackal, an obstacle to domestication, i. 30; differences of the skull in dogs, i. 34; external characters of dogs, i. 35; elongation of the intestines in domestic pigs, i. 73, ii. 303; fertility of the hook-billed duck, i. 277; number of digits, ii. 13; hybrid of ass and zebra, ii. 42; breeding of animals in the Jardin des Plantes, ii. 149; sterility of predaceous birds in captivity, ii. 154; facility of hybridisation in confinement, ii. 160. CYANOSIS, affection of fingers in, ii. 332. CYCLAMEN, bud-variation in, i. 382. Cynara cardunculus, ii. 34. Cynips fecundatrix, ii. 283. Cynocephalus hamadryas, ii. 153. Cyprinus auratus, i. 296-297. Cyrtanthus, ii. 139. Cyrtopodium, ii. 134. Cytisus Adami, ii. 364; its bud-variation, i. 387-389, 406, ii. 37; seedlings from, i. 388; different views of its origin, i. 389-390; experiments in crossing C. purpureus and laburnum to produce, i. 389; its production by M. Adam, i. 390; discussion of origin of, i. 396. Cytisus alpino-laburnum, ovules and pollen of, i. 389; origin of, i. 390. Cytisus alpinus, i. 388. Cytisus laburnum, i. 387, 389, 390, 396. Cytisus purpureo-elongatus, ovules and pollen of, i. 389; production of, i. 390. Cytisus purpureus, i. 387, 388, 389, 390, 396.

DAHLBOM, effects of food on hymenoptera, ii. 281. DAHLIA, i. 369-370, ii. 147; bud-variation by tubers in the, i. 385; improvement of, by selection, ii. 216; steps in cultivation of, ii. 261; effect of conditions of life on, ii. 273; correlation of form and colour in, ii. 331. DAISY, hen and chicken, i. 365; Swan River, ii. 261. DALBRET, varieties of wheat, i. 314. DALIBERT, changes in the odours of plants, ii. 274. DALLY, Dr., on consanguineous marriages, ii. 122. DALTONISM, hereditary, ii. 9. DAMARAS, cattle of, i. 88, ii. 207-208. {446} DAMSON, i. 347. DANDOLO, Count, on silkworms, i. 301. DANIELL, fertility of English dogs in Sierra Leone, ii. 161. DANISH Middens, remains of dogs in, i. 18. DAPPLING in horses, asses, and hybrids, i. 55. DARESTE. C., on the skull of the Polish fowl, i. 262; on the production of monstrous chickens, ii. 289; co-existence of anomalies, ii. 331; production of double monsters, ii. 340. DARVILL, Mr., heredity of good qualities in horses, ii. 11. DARWIN, C., on Lepus magellanicus, i. 112; on the wild potato, i. 330; dimorphism in the polyanthus and primrose, ii. 21. DARWIN, Dr., improvement of vegetables by selection, ii. 204. DARWIN, Sir F., wildness of crossed pigs, ii. 45. D'ASSO, monogynous condition of the hawthorn in Spain, i. 364. Dasyprocta aguti, ii. 152. Date-palm, varieties of the, ii. 256; effect of pollen of, upon the fruit of Chamaerops, i. 299. Datura, ii. 38; variability in, ii. 266. Datura laevis and stramonium, reversion in hybrids of, i. 392. Datura stramonium, ii. 67. DAUBENTON, variations in the number of mammae in dogs, i. 35; proportions of intestines in wild and domestic cats, i. 48, ii. 302. DAUDIN, on white rabbits, ii. 230. DAVY, Dr., on sheep in the West Indies, i. 98. DAWKINS and Sandford, early domestication of Bos longifrons in Britain, i. 81. DEAF-MUTES, non-heredity of, ii. 22. DEAFNESS, inheritance of, ii. 78. DEBY, wild hybrids of common and musk ducks, ii. 46. DE CANDOLLE, Alph., number and origin of cultivated plants, i. 306-307, 371; regions which have furnished no useful plants, i. 310; wild wheat, i. 312-313; wild rye and oats, i. 313; antiquity of varieties of wheat, i. 316; apparent inefficacy of selection in wheat, i. 318; origin and cultivation of maize, i. 320, ii. 307; colours of seeds of maize, i. 321; varieties and origin of the cabbage, i. 324-325; origin of the garden-pea, i. 326; on the vine, i. 332, ii. 308; cultivated species of the orange group, i. 335; probable Chinese origin of the peach, i. 337; on the peach and nectarine, i. 340, 342; varieties of the peach, i. 342; origin of the apricot, i. 344; origin and varieties of the plum, i. 345; origin of the cherry, i. 347; varieties of the gooseberry, i. 354; selection practised with forest-trees, i. 361; wild fastigate oak, i. 361; dark-leaved varieties of trees, i. 362; conversion of stamens into pistils in the poppy, i. 365; variegated foliage, i. 366; heredity of white hyacinths, i. 371, ii. 20; changes in oaks dependent on age, i. 387; inheritance of anomalous characters, ii. 19; variation of plants in their native countries, ii. 256; deciduous bushes becoming evergreen in hot climates, ii. 305; antiquity of races of plants, ii. 429. DE CANDOLLE, P., non-variability of monotypic genera, ii. 266; relative development of root and seed in Raphanus sativus, ii. 343. DECAISNE, on the cultivation of the wild carrot, i. 326; varieties of the pear, i. 350; inter-crossing of strawberries, i. 351; fruit of the apple, i. 401; sterility of Lysimachia nummularia, ii. 170; tender variety of the peach, ii. 308. DEER, assumption of horns by female, ii. 51; imperfect development of horns in a, on a voyage, ii. 158. DEER, fallow, ii. 103. DEERHOUND. Scotch, difference in size of the sexes of, ii. 73; deterioration of, ii. 121. DEGENERATION of high-bred races, under neglect, ii. 239. DE JONGHE, J., on strawberries, i. 352, ii. 243; soft-barked pears, ii. 231; on accumulative variation, ii. 262; resistance of blossoms to frost, ii. 306. DELAMER, E. S., on rabbits, i. 107, 112. Delphinium ajacis, ii. 21. Delphinium consolida, ii. 20-21. Dendrocygna viduata, i. 182, ii. 157. DENTITION, variations of, in the horse, i. 50. DEODAR, i. 364. DESMAREST, distribution of white on dogs, i. 29; cat from the Cape of Good Hope, i. 47; cats of Madagascar, i. 47; occurrence of striped young in Turkish pigs, i. 76; French breeds of cattle, i. 80; horns of goats, i. 102; on hornless goats, ii. 315. DESOR, E., on the Anglo-Saxon race in America, ii. 276. DESPORTES, number of varieties of roses, i. 367. DEVAY, Dr., singular case of albinism, ii. 17; on the marriage of cousins, ii. 122; on the effects of close interbreeding, ii. 143, 263. DEVELOPMENT and metamorphosis, ii. 388-389. DEVELOPMENT, arrests of, ii. 315-318. DEVELOPMENT, embryonic, ii. 366-368. {447} D'HERVEY-Saint-Denys, L., on the ya-mi, or imperial rice of the Chinese, ii. 205. DHOLE, fertility of the, in captivity, ii. 151. DIABETES, occurrence of, in three brothers, ii. 17. Dianthus, contabescent plants of, ii. 165-166; hybrid varieties of, ii. 267. Dianthus armeria and deltoides, hybrids of, ii. 98. Dianthus barbatus, i. 381. Dianthus caryophyllus, i. 381. Dianthus japonicus, contabescence of female organs in, ii. 166. DICHOGAMOUS plants, ii. 90. DICKSON, Mr., on "running" in carnations, i. 381; on the colours of tulips, i. 386. Dicotyles torquatus and labiatus, ii. 150. DIEFFENBACH, dog of New Zealand, i. 26; feral cats in New Zealand, i. 47; polydactylism in Polynesia, ii. 14. Dielytra, ii. 59. DIET, change of, ii. 303-304. Digitalis, properties of, affected by culture, ii. 274; poison of, ii. 380. DIGITS, supernumerary, ii. 57; analogy of, with embryonic conditions, ii. 16; fusion of, ii. 341. DIMORPHIC plants, ii. 166; conditions of reproduction in, ii. 181-184. DIMORPHISM, reciprocal, ii. 90. DINGO, i. 25; variation of, in colour, i. 28; half-bred, attempting to burrow, i. 28; attraction of foxes by a female, i. 31; variations of, in confinement, ii. 263. DIOECIOUSNESS of strawberries, i. 353. DISEASES, inheritance of, ii. 7-8; family uniformity of, ii. 57; inherited at corresponding periods of life, ii. 77-80; peculiar to localities and climates, ii. 276; obscure correlations in, ii. 331-332; affecting certain parts of the body, ii. 380; occurring in alternate generations, ii. 401. DISTEMPER, fatal to white terriers, ii. 227. DISUSE and use of parts, effects of, ii. 295-303, 352-353, 418-419; in the skeleton of rabbits, i. 124-128; in pigeons, i. 171-177; in fowls, i. 270-274; in ducks, i. 284-286; in the silk-moth, i. 300-304. DIVERGENCE, influence of, in producing breeds of pigeons, i. 220. DIXON, E. S., on the musk duck, i. 182; on feral ducks, i. 190; on feral pigeons in Norfolk Island, i. 190; crossing of pigeons, i. 192; origin of domestic fowls, i. 230; crossing of Gallus Sonneratii and common fowl, i. 234; occurrence of white in the young chicks of black fowls, i. 244; Paduan fowl of Aldrovandi, i. 247; peculiarities of the eggs of fowls, i. 248; chickens, i. 249-250; late development of the tail in Cochin cocks, i. 250; comb of lark-crested fowls, i. 256; development of webs in Polish fowls, i. 259; on the voice of fowls, i. 259; origin of the duck, i. 277; ducks kept by the Romans, i. 278; domestication of the goose, i. 287; gander frequently white, i. 288; breeds of turkeys, i. 293; incubatory instinct of mongrels of non-sitting races of fowls, ii. 44; aversion of the dove-cot pigeon to pair with fancy birds, ii. 103; fertility of the goose, ii. 112; general sterility of the guans in captivity, ii. 156; fertility of geese in captivity, ii. 157; white peafowl, ii. 332. DOBELL, H., inheritance of anomalies of the extremities, ii. 14; non-reversion to a malformation, ii. 36. DOBRIZHOFFER, abhorrence of incest by the Abipones, ii. 123. DOGS, origin of, i. 15; ancient breeds of, i. 17, ii. 429; of neolithic, bronze and iron periods in Europe, i. 18-19, ii. 427; resemblance of to various species of canidae, i. 21; of North America compared with wolves, i. 21-22; of the West Indies, South America, and Mexico, i. 23, 31; of Guiana, i. 23; naked dogs of Paraguay and Peru, ibid. and 31; dumb, on Juan Fernandez, i. 27; of Juan de Nova, i. 27; of La Plata, i. 27; of Cuba, i. 27; of St. Domingo, i. 28; correlation of colour in, i. 28-29; gestation of, i. 29-30; hairless Turkish, i. 30, ii. 227; inter-crossing of different breeds of, i. 31; characters of different breeds of, discussed, i. 34-37; degeneration of European, in warm climates, i. 36, 38; ii. 278, 305; liability to certain diseases in different breeds of, i. 36 and note; causes of differences of breeds discussed, i. 37-43; catching fish and crabs in New Guinea and Tierra del Fuego, i. 39; webbing of the feet in, i. 39; influence of selection in producing different breeds of, i. 39, 43; retention of original habits by, i. 182; inheritance of polydactylism in, ii. 14; feral, ii. 33; reversion in fourth generation of, ii. 34; of the Pacific Islands, ii. 87, 220, 303; mongrel, ii. 92-93; comparative facility of crossing different breeds of, ii. 102; fertility of, ii. 111, 151; inter-breeding of, ii. 120-121; selection of, among the Greeks, ii. 202, 209; among savages, ii. 206-207; unconscious selection of, ii. 211-212; valued by the Fuegians, ii. 215; climatal changes in hair of, ii. 278; production of drooping ears in, ii. 301; {448} rejection of bones of game by, ii. 303; inheritance of rudiments of limbs in, ii. 315; development of fifth toe in, ii. 317; hairless, deficiency of teeth in, ii. 326; short-faced, teeth of, ii. 345; probable analogous variation in, ii. 349; extinction of breeds of, ii. 425. DOMBRAIN, H. H., on the auricula, ii. 346-347. DOMESTICATION, essential points in, ii. 405-406; favourable to crossing, ii. 109-110; fertility increased by, ii. 111-113, 174. DOMESTICATED animals, origin of, ii. 160-161; occasional sterility of, under changed conditions, ii. 161-162. DONDERS, Dr., hereditary hypermetropia, ii. 8. DORKING fowl, i. 227, 261; furcula of, figured, i. 268. DORMOUSE, ii. 152. DOUBLE FLOWERS, ii. 167-168, 171-172; produced by selection, ii. 200. DOUBLEDAY, H., cultivation of the filbert pine strawberry, i. 354. DOUGLAS, J., crossing of white and black game-fowls, ii. 92. DOWNING, Mr., wild varieties of the hickory, i. 310; peaches and nectarines from seed, i. 339-340; origin of the Boston nectarine, i. 340; American varieties of the peach, i. 343; North American apricot, i. 344; varieties of the plum, i. 346; origin and varieties of the cherry, i. 347-348; "twin cluster pippins," i. 349; varieties of the apple, i. 350; on strawberries, i. 351, 353; fruit of the wild gooseberry, i. 355; effects of grafting upon the seed, ii. 26; diseases of plum and peach trees, ii. 227-228; injury done to stone fruit in America by the "weevil," ii. 231; grafts of the plum and peach, ii. 259; wild varieties of pears, ii. 260; varieties of fruit-trees suitable to different climates, ii. 306. Draba sylvestris, ii. 163. DRAGON, pigeon, i. 139, 141. "DRAIJER" (pigeon), i. 156. DRINKING, effects of, in different climates, ii. 289. DROMEDARY, selection of, ii. 205-206. DRUCE, Mr., inter-breeding of pigs, ii. 121. DU CHAILLU, fruit-trees in West Africa, i. 309. DUCHESNE on Fragaria vesca, i. 351, 352, 353. DUFOUR, Leon, on Cecidomyia and Misocampus, i. 5. DUCK, musk, retention of perching habit by the, i. 182; feral hybrid of, i. 190. DUCK, penguin, hybrid of, with Egyptian goose, ii. 68. DUCK, wild, difficulty of rearing, ii. 233; effects of domestication on, ii. 278. DUCKS, breeds of, i. 276-277; origin of, i. 277; history of, ibid.; wild, easily tamed, i. 278-279; fertility of breeds of, when crossed, i. 279; with the plumage of Anas boschas, i. 280; Malayan penguin, identical in plumage with English, i. 280; characters of the breeds of, i. 281-284; eggs of, i. 281; effects of use and disuse in, i. 284-286, ii. 298; feral, in Norfolk, i. 190; Aylesbury, inheritance of early hatching by, ii. 25; reversion in, produced by crossing, ii. 40; wildness of half-bred wild, ii. 45; hybrids of, with the musk duck, ii. 45-46; assumption of male plumage by, ii. 51; crossing of Labrador and penguin, ii. 97; increased fertility of, by domestication, ii. 112; general fertility of, in confinement, ii. 157; increase of size of, by care in breeding, ii. 199; change produced by domestication in, ii. 262. DUMERIL, Aug., breeding of Siredon in the branchiferous stage, ii. 384. DUN-coloured horses, origin of, i. 59. DUREAU de la Malle, feral pigs in Louisiana, ii. 33; feral fowls in Africa, ibid.; bud-variation in the pear, i. 376; production of mules among the Romans, ii. 110. Dusicyon sylvestris, i. 23. DUTCH rabbit, i. 107. DUTCH roller pigeon, i. 151. DUTROCHET, pelorism in the laburnum, ii. 346. DUVAL, growth of pears in woods in France, ii. 260. DUVAL-Jouve, on Leersia oryzoides, ii. 91. DUVERNOY, self-impotence in Lilium candidum, ii. 137. DZIERZON, variability in the characters and habits of bees, i. 298.

EARLE, Dr., on colour-blindness, ii. 72, 328. EARS, of fancy rabbits, i. 106; deficiency of, in breeds of rabbits, i. 108; rudimentary, in Chinese sheep, ii. 315; drooping, ii. 301; fusion of, ii. 341. EATON, J. M., on fancy pigeons, i. 148, 153; variability of characters in breeds of pigeons, i. 161; reversion of crossed pigeons to coloration of Columba livia, i. 198; on pigeon-fancying, i. 206, 215-216; on tumbler-pigeons, i. 209, ii. 242; carrier-pigeon, i. 211; effects of interbreeding on pigeons, ii. 126; properties of pigeons, ii. 197-198; death of short-faced tumblers in the egg, ii. 226; {449} Archangel pigeon, ii. 240. ECHINODERMATA, metagenesis in, ii. 367. Ectopistes, specific difference in number of tail-feathers in, i. 159. Ectopistes migratorius, sterile hybrids of, with Turtur vulgaris, i. 193. EDENTATA, correlation of dermal system and teeth in the, ii. 328. EDGEWORTH, Mr., use of grass-seeds as food in the Punjab, i. 309. EDMONSTON, Dr., on the stomach in Larus argentatus and the raven, ii. 302. EDWARDS and COLIN, on English wheat in France, ii. 307. EDWARDS, W. F., absorption of the minority in crossed races, ii. 87. EDWARDS, W. W., occurrence of stripes in a nearly thoroughbred horse, i. 57; in foals of racehorses, i. 59. EGGS, of fowls, characters of, i. 248; variations of, in ducks, i. 281; of the silkmoth, i. 301. EGYPT, ancient dogs of, i. 17-18; ancient domestication of the pigeon in, i. 204; absence of the fowl in ancient, i. 246. EGYPTIAN goose, hybrids of, with penguin duck, i. 282. EHRENBERG, Prof., multiple origin of the dog, i. 16; dogs of Lower Egypt, i. 25; mummies of Felis maniculata, i. 43. ELEMENT, male, compared to a premature larva, ii. 384. ELEMENTS of the body, functional independence of the, ii. 368-371. ELEPHANT, its sterility in captivity, ii. 150. ELK, Irish, correlations in the, ii. 333-334. ELLIOT, Sir Walter, on striped horses, i. 58; Indian domestic and wild swine, i. 66; pigeons from Cairo and Constantinople, i. 132; fantail pigeons, i. 146; Lotan tumbler pigeons, i. 150; a pigeon uttering the sound Yahu, i. 155; Gallus bankiva in Pegu, i. 236. ELLIS, Mr., varieties of cultivated plants in Tahiti, ii. 256. ELM, nearly evergreen Cornish variety of the, i. 363, ii. 310; foliage-varieties of the, i. 362. ELM, weeping, i. 361; not reproduced by seed, ii. 19. Emberiza passerina, ii. 158. EMBRYOS, similarity of, i. 12; fusion of, ii. 339. ENGEL, on Laurus sassafras, ii. 274. ENGLAND, domestication of Bos longifrons in, i. 81; selection of horses in, in mediaeval times, ii. 203; laws against the early slaughter of rams in, ii. 203. EPHEMERIDAE, development of the, ii. 366. Epidendrum cinnabarinum and E. zebra, ii. 134. EPILEPSY, hereditary, ii. 8, 78. ERDT, disease of the white parts of cattle, ii. 337. ERICACEAE, frequency of contabescence in the, ii. 165. ERICHTHONIUS, an improver of horses by selection, ii. 202. ERMAN, on the fat-tailed Kirghisian sheep, i. 98, ii. 280; on the dogs of the Ostyaks, ii. 206. Erodium, ii. 59. Erythrina Crista-galli and E. herbacea, hybrids of, ii. 265. ESQUILANT, Mr., on the naked young of dun-coloured pigeons, i. 170. ESQUIMAUX dogs, their resemblance to wolves, i. 21; selection of, ii. 206. EUDES-DESLONGCHAMPS, on appendages under the jaw of pigs, i. 75-76. Euonymus Japonicus, i. 383. EUROPEAN cultivated plants, still wild in Europe, i. 307. EVANS, Mr., on the Lotan tumbler pigeon, i. 150. EVELYN, pansies grown in his garden, i. 368. EVEREST, R., on the Newfoundland dog in India, i. 36, ii. 305; degeneration of setters in India, i. 38; Indian wild boars, i. 66. EWES, hornless, ii. 350. EXTINCTION of domestic races, i. 221. EYES, hereditary peculiarities of the, ii. 8-10; loss of, causing microphthalmia in children, ii. 24; modification of the structure of, by natural selection, ii. 222-223; fusion of, ii. 341. EYEBROWS, hereditary elongation of hairs in, ii. 8. EYELIDS, inherited peculiarities of the, ii. 8. EYTON, Mr., on gestation in the dog, i. 30; variability in number of vertebrae in the pig, i. 74; individual sterility, ii. 162.

Faba vulgaris, i. 330. FABRE, observations on Aegilops triticoides, i. 313. Fagus sylvatica, ii. 19. FAIRWEATHER, Mr., production of double flowers from old seed, ii. 167. Falco albidus, resumption of young plumage by, in captivity, ii. 158. Falco ossifragus, ii. 230. Falco subbuteo, copulating in captivity, ii. 154. Falco tinnunculus, breeding in captivity, ii. 154. {450} FALCONER, Dr., sterility of English bulldogs in India, i, 38; resemblance between Sivatherium and Niata cattle, i. 89; selection of the silkworm in India, i. 301; fastigate apple-trees in Calcutta, i. 361; reproduction of a supernumerary thumb after amputation, ii. 14; fertility of the dhole in captivity, ii. 151; fertility of English dogs in India, ii. 161; sterility of the tiger in captivity, ii. 151; turkeys at Delhi, ii. 161; on Indian cultivated plants, ii. 165; Thibet mastiff and goat, ii. 278. FALCONS, sterility of, in captivity, ii. 153. FALKLAND Islands, horses of the, i. 52-53, 61; feral pigs of the, i. 77; feral cattle of the, i. 82, 86; feral rabbits of the, i. 112. FALLOW deer, ii. 103, 120. FANTAIL pigeons, i. 146-148, ii. 227; figured, i. 147; furcula of, figured, i. 167; history of, i. 208; absence of oil-gland in, ii. 344. FAROE Islands, pigeons of the, i. 183. FASHION, influence of, in breeding, ii. 240. FASTIGATE trees, ii. 277, 348. FAUNAS, geographical differences, of, i. 10. "FAVOURITE" bull, ii. 65, 118. FEATHERS, homologous variation in, ii. 325. FEET, of pigeons, individual differences of, i. 160; correlations of external characters in, i. 170-171. FEET and beak, correlation of, in pigeons, i. 171-174. FELIDAE, fertility of, in captivity, ii. 150. Felis bubastes, i. 43. Felis caffra, i. 44. Felis caligulata, i. 43. Felis chaus, i. 43-44. Felis jubata, ii. 151. Felis lybica, i. 44. Felis maniculata, i. 43. Felis manul, i. 45. Felis ornata, i. 45. Felis sylvestris, i. 44. Felis torquata, i. 45. FEMALE, affected by male element, ii. 365, 387-388. FEMALE flowers, in male panicle of maize, i. 321. FENNEL, Italian variety of, i. 326. FERAL cats, i. 47; cattle, i. 86; rabbits, i. 111-115; Guinea fowl, i. 294; animals and plants, reversion in, ii. 32-34, 47. FERGUSON, Mr., supposed plurality of origin of domestic fowls, i. 231; chickens of black game-fowls, i. 244; relative size of eggs of fowls, i. 248; yolk of eggs of game-fowls, i. 249; early pugnacity of game-cocks, i. 250; voice of the Malay fowl, i. 259; effects of interbreeding on fowls, ii. 124; selection in Cochin China fowls, ii. 196; on fashion in poultry, ii. 240. FERNANDEZ, on Mexican dogs, i. 23. FERNS, reproduction of abnormal forms of, by spores, i. 383; non-diffusion of cell-gemmules in, ii. 379. FERRETS, ii. 111, 151, 206. FERTILISATION, artificial, of the St. Valery apple, i. 350. FERTILITY, various degrees of, in sheep, i. 97; unlimited mutual, of breeds of pigeons, i. 192-194; comparative of mongrels and hybrids, ii. 100-101, 178-180; influence of nourishment on, ii. 111; diminished by close interbreeding, ii. 118, 175; reduced, of Chillingham wild cattle, ii. 119; of domesticated varieties when crossed, ii. 189. Festuca, species of, propagated by bulblets, ii. 170. FILBERTS, spared by tomtits, ii. 231. FILIPPI, on the breeding of branchiferous tritons, ii. 384. FINCHES, general sterility of, in captivity, ii. 154. FINNIKIN (pigeon), i. 156. FINNOCHIO, i. 326. FIR, Scotch, acclimatisation of, ii. 310. FISH, Mr., advantage of change of soil to plants, ii. 147. FISHES, regeneration of portions of fins of, ii. 15; variability of, when kept in tanks, ii. 259; marine, living in fresh water, ii. 304; double monsters of, ii. 340. FISSION and gemmation, ii. 358. FITCH, Mr., persistency of a variety of the pea, i. 329. FITTEST, survival of the, i. 6. FITZINGER, origin of sheep, i. 94; African maned sheep, i. 96. FIXEDNESS of character, conditions of, discussed, ii. 62-64. FLAX, found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317; climatal difference in products of, ii. 274. FLEECE, fineness of, in Austrian merinos, ii. 197. FLEISCHMANN, on German sheep crossed with merinos, ii. 88-89. "FLORENTINER-TAUBE," i. 142-143. FLOUNDER, ii. 53. FLOURENS, crossing of wolf and dog, i. 32; prepotency of the jackal over the dog, ii. 67; hybrids of the horse and ass, ii. 68; breeding of monkeys in Europe, ii. 153. {451} FLOWER-GARDEN, earliest known, in Europe, ii. 217. FLOWERS, capricious transmission of colour-varieties in, ii. 20-21; tendency to uniformity in striped, ii. 70; scorching of, dependent on colour, ii. 229; change in, caused by conditions of life, ii. 273; rudimentary, ii. 316; relative position of, to the axis, ii. 345. FOETATION, abdominal, ii. 294. FOLEY, Mr., wild varieties of pears, ii. 260. FOLIAGE, inherited peculiarities of, i. 362; variegation, of, i. 366; bud-variation in, i. 382-384. FOOD, influence of, on the pig, i. 72; on cattle, i. 91; excess of, a cause of variability, ii. 257. FORBES, D., on Chilian sheep, i. 95; on the horses of Spain, Chili, and the Pampas, i. 52. Formica rufa, ii. 251. FORTUNE, R., sterility of the sweet potato in China, ii. 169; development of axillary bulbs in the yam, ibid. FOWL, common, breeds of, i. 225-230; supposed plurality of origin, i. 230; early history of, i. 231-233; causes of production of breeds of, i. 233; origin of from Gallus bankiva, i. 236-239, 245; feral, notices of, i. 237-238; reversion and analogous variation in, i. 239-246, ii. 35, 38, 39, 40, 349, 350; "cuckoo" sub-breeds of, i. 244; history of, i. 246-247; structural characters of, i. 247-250; sexual peculiarities of, i. 251-257, ii. 74; external differences of, i. 257-260; differences of breeds of, from G. bankiva, i. 260; osteological characters of, i. 260-270; effects of disuse of parts in, i. 270-274, ii. 298; feral, i. 190, ii. 33; polydactylism in, ii. 14; fertility of, increased by domestication, ii. 112, 167; sterility of, under certain conditions, ii. 162; influence of selection on, ii. 196, 198, 209, 210; evils of close interbreeding of, ii. 124-125; crossing of, ii. 95, 96, 97; prepotency of transmission in, ii. 67; rudimentary organs in, ii. 315; crossing of non-sitting varieties of, ii. 43-44; homology of wing and leg feathers in, ii. 323; hybrids of, with pheasants and Gallus Sonneratii, ii. 45; black-skinned, ii. 209-210; black, preyed upon by the osprey in Iceland, ii. 230; five-toed, mentioned by Columella, ii. 429; rumpless, tailed chickens produced by, ii. 31; Dorking, crosses of, ii. 93; form of comb and colour of plumage in, ii. 238; game, crossing of white and black, ii. 92; five-spurred, ii. 391; Spanish, liable to suffer from frost, ii. 306; Polish, peculiarities of skull of, ii. 332-333. FOX, sterility of, in captivity, ii. 151. FOX, S. Bevan, races of bees, i. 298. FOX, W. Darwin, gestation of the dog, i. 30; "Negro" cat, i. 46; reversion of sheep in colour, ii. 30; period of gestation in the pig, i. 74; young of the Himalayan rabbit, i. 109; crossing of wild and domestic turkeys, i. 292; reversion in crossed musk ducks, ii. 40; spontaneous segregation of varieties of geese, ii. 104; effects of close interbreeding upon bloodhounds, ii. 121; deafness of white cats with blue eyes, ii. 329. FOXHOUNDS, i. 40, ii. 120. Fragaria chiloensis, i. 351. Fragaria collina, i. 351. Fragaria dioica of Duchesne, i. 353. Fragaria elatior, i. 351. Fragaria grandiflora, i. 351. Fragaria vesca, i. 351. Fragaria virginiana, i. 351. Fraxinus excelsior, i. 360, 362, ii. 19. Fraxinus lentiscifolia, ii. 19. FRIESLAND cattle, probably descended from Bos primigenius, i. 81. FRILLBACK (pigeon), i. 155; Indian, i. 153. Fringilla ciris, ii. 154. Fringilla spinus, ii. 154. FRIZZLED fowls, i. 230; horses, i. 54. FROG, polydactylism in the, ii. 14. FRUIT, seedless, ii. 168. FRUIT-TREES, varieties of, occurring wild, i. 310. FRY, Mr., on fertile hybrid cats, i. 44; on feral fowls in Ascension, i. 238. FUCHSIAS, origin of, i. 364; bud-variation in, i. 382. Fuchsia coccinea and fulgens, twin seed produced by crossing, i. 391. FUEGIANS, their superstition about killing young water-fowl, i. 310; selection of dogs by the, ii. 207; their comparative estimation of dogs and old women, ii. 215; their power of distant vision, ii. 223. FUNGI, parasitic, ii. 284-285. FURCULA, characters and variations of the, in pigeons, i. 167; alteration of, by disuse, in pigeons, i. 175; characters of, in fowls, i. 268. FUSION of homologous parts, ii. 393.

GAIT, inheritance of peculiarities of, ii. 6. GALAPAGOS Archipelago, its peculiar fauna and flora, i. 9. Galeobdolon luteum, pelorism in, ii. 59, 345. {452} GALLS, ii. 282-284. GALL-GNATS, ii. 283. GALL-LIKE excrescences not inherited, ii. 23. GALLINACEOUS birds, restricted range of large, i. 237; general fertility of in captivity, ii. 155. Gallinula chloropus, ii. 156. Gallinula nesiotis, i. 287. GALTON, Mr., fondness of savages for taming animals, i. 20, ii. 160; cattle of Benguela, i. 88; on hereditary talent, ii. 7. GALLESIO, species of oranges, i. 334, 335, 336; hybridisation of oranges, i. 336; persistency of races in the peach, i. 339; supposed specific distinctions of peach and nectarine, i. 340; Bizzaria orange, i. 391; crossing of red and white carnations, i. 393; crossing of the orange and lemon, i. 399, ii. 365; effect of foreign pollen on maize, i. 400; spontaneous crossing of oranges, ii. 91; monstrosities a cause of sterility in plants, ii. 166; seeding of ordinarily seedless fruits, ii. 168; sterility of the sugar cane, ii. 169; tendency of male flowers to become double, ii. 171; effects of selection in enlarging fruit, &c., ii. 217; variation of the orange tree in North Italy, ii. 256; naturalisation of the orange in Italy, ii. 309. Gallus aeneus, a hybrid of G. varius and the domestic fowl, i. 235. Gallus bankiva, probable original of domestic fowls, i. 233, 236-239, 245; game-fowl, nearest to, i. 226; crossed with G. Sonneratii, i. 234; its character and habits, i. 235-236, ii. 109; differences of various breeds of fowls from, i. 260; occipital foramen of, figured, i. 261; skull of, figured, i. 262; cervical vertebra of, figured, i. 267; furcula of, figured, i. 268; reversion to, in crossed fowls, ii. 39-40; hybrid of, with G. varius, i. 235, ii. 40; number of eggs of, ii. 112. Gallus ferrugineus, i. 226. Gallus furcatus, i. 234. Gallus giganteus, i. 235. Gallus Sonneratii, characters and habits of, i. 233; hybrids of, i. 234, ii. 45. Gallus Stanleyi, hybrids of, i. 234. Gallus Temminckii, probably a hybrid, i. 235. Gallus varius, character and habits of, i. 234; hybrids and probable hybrids of, i. 234-235. GAMBIER, Lord, his early cultivation of the pansy, i. 368. GAME-FOWL, i. 226, 250, 251, 252. GAPES, ii. 228. GARCILAZO de la Vega, annual hunts of the Peruvian Incas, ii. 207. GARNETT, Mr., migratory propensities of hybrid ducks, ii. 45. GARROD, Dr., on hereditary gout, ii. 7. GASPARINI, a genus of pumpkins, founded on stigmatic characters, i. 359. GAUDICHAUD, bud-variation in the pear, i. 376; apple tree with two kinds of fruit on branch, i. 392. GAUDRY, anomalous structure in the feet of horses, i. 50. GAY, on Fragaria grandiflora, i. 351; on Viola lutea and tricolor, i. 368; on the nectary of Viola grandiflora, i. 369. GAYAL, domestication of the, i. 82. GAYOT, see Moll. GAERTNER, on the sterility of hybrids, i. 192, ii. 101; acquired sterility of varieties of plants when crossed, i. 358; sterility in transplanted plants, and in the lilac in Germany, ii. 164; mutual sterility of blue and red flowers of the pimpernel, ii. 190; supposed rules of transmission in crossing plants, ii. 68; on crossing plants, ii. 98, 127, 130, 131; on repeated crossing, ii. 267; absorption of one species by another, when crossed, ii. 88; crossing of varieties of the pea, i. 397; crossing maize, ii. 105; crossing of species of Verbascum, ii. 93, 105; reversion in hybrids, ii. 36, 49, 50; of Cereus, i. 392; of Tropaeolum majus and minus, i. 392; variability of hybrids, ii. 265; variable hybrids from one variable parent, ii. 270; graft hybrid produced by inosculation in the vine, i. 395; effect produced by grafts on the stock, i. 394, ii. 278; tendency of hybrid plants to produce double flowers, ii. 171; production of perfect fruit by sterile hybrids, ii. 172; sexual elective affinity, ii. 180; self-impotence in Lobelia, Verbascum, Lilium, and Passiflora, ii. 136-137; on the action of pollen, ii. 108; fertilisation of Malva, i. 402-403, ii. 363; prepotency of pollen, ii. 187; prepotency of transmission in species of Nicotiana, ii. 67; bud-variation in Pelargonium zonale, i. 375; in Oenothera biennis, i. 382; in Achillaea millefolium, i. 408; effect of manure on the fertility of plants, ii. 163; on contabescence, ii. 165-166; inheritance of plasticity, ii. 241; villosity of plants, ii. 277. GEESE (anseres) general fertility of, in captivity, ii. 157. GEGENBAUR, on the number of digits, ii. 13. GEMMATION and fission, ii. 358. {453} GEMMULES, or cell-gemmules, ii. 374, 378-381, 384. GENET, fertility of the, in captivity, ii. 151. GENERATION, alternate, ii. 361, 367, 390. GENERATION, sexual, ii. 359-364. GENIUS, inheritance of, ii. 7. Gentiana amarella, ii. 168. GEOFFROY Saint-Hilaire, production of monstrous chickens, ii. 289; "Loi de l'affinite de soi pour soi," ii. 339; compensation of growth, ii. 342. GEOFFROY Saint-Hilaire, Isid., origin of the dog, i. 66; barking of a jackal, i. 27; period of gestation and odour of the jackal, i. 30; anomalies in the teeth of dogs, i. 34; variations in the proportions of dogs, i. 35; webbed feet of Newfoundland dogs, i. 39; crossing of domestic and wild cats, i. 44; domestication of the arni, i. 82; supposed introduction of cattle into Europe from the East, ibid.; absence of interdigital pits in sheep, i. 95; origin of the goat, i. 101; feral geese, i. 190; ancient history of the fowl, i. 246; skull of the Polish fowl, i. 262; preference of the Romans for the liver of white geese, i. 289; polydactylism, ii. 12; assumption of male characters by female birds, ii. 51; supernumerary mammae in women, ii. 58; development of a proboscis in the pig, ibid.; transmission and blending of characters in hybrids, ii. 94; refusal of animals to breed in captivity, ii. 149; on the Guinea pig, ii. 152; silkworms producing white cocoons, ii. 199; on the carp, ii. 236; on Helix lactea, ii. 280; on monstrosities, ii. 254; injury to the embryo a cause of monstrosity, ii. 269; alteration in the coat of horses in coal mines, ii. 278; length of the intestines in wild and tame animals, ii. 302-303; inheritance of rudimentary