Much of that which I have said with respect to the hydropathic bath will apply to the design of the bath for hospital and asylum purposes. Here, however, efficiency is all that is required, and everything need be but of the plainest description. The conditions and exigencies of each case must determine the size, position, and nature of the suite of bath rooms. All that has been said upon the subject of the design and construction of the bath must be studied, and the principles, herein given, applied to the peculiar circumstances. So also in regard to Turkish baths for hotels, and for residential blocks of buildings, and for clubs.

There is a wide field for activity in Turkish bath building, in the increased provision of baths in hospitals, asylums, and public and private institutions of one kind and another; and also in hotels, "flats," and clubs. The hydropathic establishments have long adopted the Turkish bath as a powerful remedial and curative agent in perfect harmony with the principles of the Water Cure. But it is only occasionally that such provision has been made in hospitals and asylums; and although within the last few years noticeable innovations have been made in this respect, the subject has heretofore been greatly neglected. Seeing, too, the immense extent to which co-operative living has developed, and the consequent enormous increase in size of large hotels, residential blocks, &c., I cannot but think that the builders of such tenements could with advantage turn their attention to the supplying of small Turkish baths for the visitors and residents.



CHAPTER X.

THE TURKISH BATH FOR HORSES.

Animals of many kinds, including horses, dogs, cows, sheep, and pigs, have been experimented upon with regard to the bath, and with much success. But for practical purposes all we need here consider is the design of the bath for horses, since a bath for a horse will evidently be suitable for a cow, and might not be wholly beneath the dignity of a pig. It is, after all, only in connection with the training of horses that anything of practical importance has been accomplished in this direction. Several Turkish baths for horses have been erected in this country in connection with hospitals for horses, attached to large businesses, and appended to training stables. In the development of race-horses the treatment has, according to the opinion of several authorities, been found eminently beneficial.

The bath must be arranged in connection, and in direct communication with the stables. It may consist, as Fig. 27—a plan of a bath built for the Great Northern Railway Company's hospital for horses—of a washing, and two hot, rooms. An airy shed will do for a place for the animals to cool, and in fine weather they will derive more benefit from being turned out in the open. In the plan given it will be seen that the horse is led through the washing room into the first hot room. Without turning round, he may be led into the second hot room and thence into the washing room again. In the hot rooms, which are heated by a convoluted stove, are stocks, wherein, if restive, the animal can be secured. A similar arrangement is made in the washing room, where, after undergoing the sweating process, the horse is groomed down, an operation that should be performed in part with an iron strigil, much after the pattern of those employed upon their own bodies by the ancient Romans.



These equine Turkish baths need be very inexpensive and simply constructed, though, where it is desired to do the thing well, glazed bricks should, for the sake of cleanliness, be used for lining the walls. All that will be required in the washing rooms is a couple of draw-off taps with hot and cold water, some pails, a scraper, and wash-leather. On leaving the sudatory chamber, the horse should first be well scraped with the scraper, carefully sponging, or dousing him, if necessary, with warm water. Buckets of hot, tepid, and cold water should then be thrown over him, and having been well rubbed down with the leather, he should then be covered with a cotton sheet, and his legs bandaged with cotton bands, the sheets, &c., being gradually removed after an interval of about a quarter of an hour, and the animal turned into a shed, or into the open, to cool.

THE END.



INDEX.

A.

PAGE

Air, allowance of, in hot rooms, 81 backflow of, 83 circulation of, in hot rooms, 85 expansion in heating, 82 filters, 67 flues for vitiated, 92 inlets for cold, 67 intake, position of, 68 arrangement of, 69 its changes in the bath, 71 of bath, necessity for dryness of, 85 overheated, 76 passage of, through bath rooms, 70 rapidity of flow of, 82

Apodyterium, the, 4, 13 and frigidarium, combined, 13

B.

Bath, architecture of, 105 ascending shower, 93 back shower, 94 decoration of, 105 elaborate needle, 138 foot, 98 materials for, 105 Mr. Urquhart's cheap private, 120, 123 needle, 93, 94 position of private, 120 preliminary shower, 97 primary object of, 10 public, general requirements of, 9 shower, 92 style of design for, 109 subsidiary apartments of, 14 the, in asylums, 139 the, in hospitals, 139 the "slipper", 127 wave, 95

Baths, ancient and modern, difference between, 10 Roman and Oriental, 2 works on, 3 cheap, 66 private, 125 complete private, 125-127 construction of, in private houses, 123, 124 Eastern, 110 elaborate private, 129, 132, 133 importance of double sets of, 137 importance of intercommunication between various, 137 in crowded sites, 18 nature of private, 119 objections to extemporised hot air, 118 Old Roman, 110 on one level, 18 private, 118 public and commercial, 6 public, lack of, in England, 7 supply of water for private, 128 two classes of, 26 ventilation of private, 122

Bath-rooms arranged en suite, advantage of, 37 drainage of, 44

Balneae, the Pompeian, 112 ancient, 4 Benches, felting for marble, 116

Bignor, Roman, bath at, 112

Boilers, 87

Boot-room, fittings for, 116

Box, Roman bath at, 112

C.

Calidarium, the, 4, 33 floor of, 116

Ceilings of enamelled iron, 106

Checks, shelves for, 116

Cisterns, 87, 88

Cleansing process, ways of concluding, 12

Cold plunge, object of, 12

Combined cooling and dressing room, its arrangement, 54

Cooling and dressing rooms combined, their merits and demerits, 54

Cooling room, carpets for, 114 couches in, 114 furniture of, 113 importance of ventilating, 57 method, 57 lighting of, 103 the separate, 53

Cooling rooms in hydropathic establishments, 138 fireplaces in, 23 methods of arranging, 52 temperature of, 53, 58

D.

Divans, construction of, 114

Douche, horizontal, 95 room, the, 45 spinal, 93

Drainage, importance of perfect, 44

Dressing and cooling rooms, 13

Dry atmosphere, necessity for, in bath, 4

F.

Firing, evil of bad and forced, 80

Floorings for cheap baths, 34

Flues, hot and cold air, construction of, 40

Foul air conduits, 71

Frigidarium, design of, 108 divans in, 109 fountain in, 101 of private baths, 129 the, 4, 13 the old Roman, 57

Furnace, advantage of a fireclay, 75 fireclay, for private bath, 132 method of constructing, 74 expansion and contraction of, 76

Furnaces for private baths, 121 heating power of, 80 with iron flues, 72

Furnace chamber, position of, 40

G.

Gas, objections to, in bath, 102

Glazed earthenware, its suitability for baths, 33

Good and bad baths, difference between, 82

Good bath, what it is, and how gained, 9

H.

Hair-dresser and chiropodist, 15

Hammam, the, Jermyn Street, 18

Hammam, the Oriental, 3

Heat, convected and radiant, 5, 59 methods of applying to bather, 10, 56 prevention of transmission of, 122

Heating apparatuses for private baths, 120 screen walls to, 77

Heating by fireclay furnaces, 73 iron flue-pipes, 72 ordinary stoves, 72 convection, objection to, 79 steam, 77 arrangements for, 78 dangers attendant upon, 77 of small baths, 73 of the bath, its importance, 59 by the ordinary method, 62 on the hot-air principle, 62 and ventilation, 59 theory of, 69

High temperatures, beneficial effect of in cases of disease, 11 necessity for, 11

Horses, bathing of, 142

"Hot-air bath," a misleading term, 5

Hot-air bath, the, 6 appliances and arrangements for, 63

Hot air, height of delivery of, into laconicum, 40 manner, 40 principle, objections to, 61

Hot rooms, benches in, 38 brickwork in, 107 ceilings of, 34 chairs and benches in, 116 decoration of, 105 doorways in, 38 fireproof floors over, 35 glazing in, 38 height of, 39 Indian matting in, 106 joinery in, 37 lighting of, 102 materials for, 38 objection to stepped benches in, 39 proportional area of, 33 position of partitions in, 37 radiation of heat from, 35

Hot rooms, windows in, 35 treatment of woodwork in, 106

Hydropathy and the Turkish bath, 140

Hydropathic establishments, the bath in, 134

I.

Invalids, consideration for, in bathing establishments, 138

Irish "sweating houses," old, 5, 13

L.

Laconicum, the, 4, 32 ceiling of, 35 floor of, 116

Ladies' baths, 14, 44, 111

Laundry, 16

Lavatorium, the, 4, 43 and shampooing room, 41 the hydropathic, 138 of private bath, 128 washing basins in, 43 water fittings of, 89

Lavatrina, the, 119, 127

M.

Mont Dore, baths at the Hotel, 135 cure, the, 136

Moorish bath, heating of the, 59

Mustaby, the Turkish, 57

O.

Obstacles to the progress of the bath, 1

Oriental colour decoration, 110

P.

Pay office, the, 14

Perspiration, object of, 11

Plumbing, 88, 100

Plunge bath, the, 46 between hot rooms and frigidarium, 12 chamber, lighting of, 104 construction of, 48 decoration of, 113 depth of, 48 for private baths, 129 in hydropathic establishments, 138 water fittings of, 99

Popular ignorance and the bath, 1

Processes of the bath, 11

Public Baths and Wash-houses Act, inadequacy of, 7

Public baths in England, unworthy of the nation, 29 general disposition of plan of, 17

R.

Rest after bath, necessity for, 13

Roman baths, method of heating the old, 59 nature of heat in old, 79

S.

Sanitary accommodation, necessity for care in providing, 15

Shampooer, space required by each, 43

Shampooing and the private bath, 128 benches, 34, 42 positions of bather during, 43 value of, 12 and washing room combined, arrangement of, 43 room, 42 ventilation of, 42 lighting of, 104

Shower for head, 100 preliminary warm, 44

So-called Turkish baths, their harmfulness, 2

Stokery, the, 15

Stoves, attributes of good, 64 Convolute, 264 heating power of 80 method, of constructing, furnace chamber for, 64 iron, 63 objections to exposing in hot rooms, 72 plain iron radiating 125 radiating surfaces of, 63

Subsidiary apartments of the bath, 32

Sudatorium, best position for bathers in 38

Sudatory chamber, a simple, 119

T.

Tank, hot water, 87

Temperature, importance of maintaining 79 of bath rooms 78 regulating, 80 variations in 79

Tepidarium, the 4, 32 drinking fountain in, 100 mosaic floors in, 108 of private bath, 128 old Roman, 39

Thermae, old Roman, 3

Tonic baths 92

Transmission of heated air, prevention of, 36 heat, 36

Treatment, course of, in the bath, 11

Turkish bath, association of miscellaneous hydropathic baths with the, 134 building, field for activity in 139 for animals 141 for horses 141 Great Northern Railway Company's 141 heating of the true 59 the, a misnomer 5 what it is, 4 direction in which improvement may be made in the, 60

Turkish baths, Baden-Baden, 30 Bartholomew's, Leicester Square, 25 Bremen, 29 Burton's, Euston Road, 27 Camden Town, 22 foul atmosphere of some so-called, 2, 82 in Germany, 29 lukewarm, 139 Nevill's, London Bridge, 25 Northumberland Avenue, 23 Nuremberg, 30 Savoy Hill, 20 Vienna, 30

V.

Valve, thermometer regulating, 138

Valves and cocks, 90 regulating, for shower bath, &c., 96

Ventilation, 139 importance of, in hot rooms, 81 in cramped sites, 69 mechanical, 82

Ventilator gratings, 83

Ventilators, disposition of, in hot rooms, 70 number and size of, 71 position of, 71

W.

Washing and shampooing rooms, various ways of arranging, 41

Water, pressure of, 88

Water fittings, 87 of private bath, 128 value of simplicity in, 97

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.

THE END