There were frequently heated arguments on religion between Napoleon and members of his suite during the dreary hours at Longwood, and on one of these occasions he, Montholon, and Antommarchi are the debaters. To the former he suddenly flashed out: "I know men well, and I tell you that Jesus Christ was not a man"; then he curtly attacks the pretentious doctor by informing him that "aspiring to be an atheist does not make a man one."

Dr. Alexander Mair published in the Expositor, some twenty years ago, a critical study of the authenticity of the declarations imputed to Napoleon when at St. Helena on the subject of the Christian religion, from which I make the following extract:—

"One evening at St. Helena," says M. Beauterne, "the conversation was animated. The subject treated of was an exalted one; it was the divinity of Jesus Christ. Napoleon defended the truth of this doctrine with the arguments and eloquence of a man of genius, with something also of the native faith of the Corsican and the Italian. To the objections of one of the interlocutors, who seemed to see in the Saviour but a sage, an illustrious philosopher, a great man, the Emperor replied:—

"'I know men, and I tell you that Jesus Christ is not a man.

"'Superficial minds may see some resemblance between Christ and the founders of empires, the conquerors, and the gods of other religions. That resemblance does not exist.

"'I see in Lycurgus, Numa, Confucius, and Mahomet merely legislators; but nothing which reveals the Deity. On the contrary, I see numerous relations between them and myself. I make out resemblances, weaknesses, and common errors which assimilate them to myself and humanity. Their faculties are those which I possess. But it is different with Christ. Everything about Him astonishes me; His spirit surprises me, and His will confounds me. Between Him and anything of this world there is no possible comparison. He is really a Being apart.

"'The nearer I approach Him and the more clearly I examine Him, the more everything seems above me; everything continues great with a greatness that crushes me.

"'His religion is a secret belonging to Himself alone, and proceeds from an intelligence which assuredly is not the intelligence of man. There is in Him a profound originality which creates a series of sayings and maxims hitherto unknown.

"'Christ expects everything from His death. Is that the invention of a man? On the contrary, it is a strange course of procedure, a superhuman confidence, an inexplicable reality. In every other existence than that of Christ, what imperfections, what changes! I defy you to cite any existence, other than that of Christ, exempt from the least vacillation, free from all such blemishes and changes. From the first day to the last He is the same, always the same, majestic and simple, infinitely severe, and infinitely gentle.

"'How the horizon of His empire extends, and prolongs itself into infinitude! Christ reigns beyond life and beyond death. The past and the future are alike to Him; the kingdom of the truth has, and in effect can have, no other limit than the false. Jesus has taken possession of the human race; He has made of it a single nationality, the nationality of upright men, whom He calls to a perfect life.

"'The existence of Christ from beginning to end is a tissue entirely mysterious, I admit; but that mystery meets difficulties which are in all existences. Reject it, the world is an enigma; accept it, and we have an admirable solution of the history of man.

"'Christ speaks, and henceforth generations belong to Him by bonds more close, more intimate than those of blood, by a union more sacred, more imperious than any other union beside. He kindles the flame of a love which kills out the love of self and prevails over every other love. Without contradiction, the greatest miracle of Christ is the reign of love. All who believe in Him sincerely feel this love, wonderful, supernatural, supreme. It is a phenomenon inexplicable, impossible to reason and the power of man; a sacred fire given to the earth by this new Prometheus, of which Time, the great destroyer, can neither exhaust the force nor terminate the duration. That is what I wonder at most of all, for I often think about it; and it is that which absolutely proves to me the divinity of Christ!'

"Here the Emperor's voice assumed a peculiar accent of ironical melancholy and of profound sadness: 'Yes, our existence has shone with all the splendour of the crown and sovereignty; and yours, Montholon, Bertrand, reflected that splendour, as the dome of the Invalides, gilded by us, reflects the rays of the sun. But reverses have come; the gold is effaced little by little. The rain of misfortunes and outrages with which we are deluged every day carries away the last particles; we are only lead, gentlemen, and soon we shall be but dust. Such is the destiny of great men; such is the near destiny of the great Napoleon.

"'What an abyss between my profound misery and the eternal reign of Christ, proclaimed, worshipped, beloved, adored, living throughout the whole universe! Is that to die? Is it not rather to live?'"

A more beautiful panegyric on the divinity of Christ has never been pronounced. The thrilling and convincing conclusions evolved from the mind of a great reader, a great thinker—a man, in fact, who had studied and knew the human side of life, and could describe it with flawless accuracy—are a complete refutation of the opinions expressed either from prejudice or personal and political motives. Napoleon conversed about religion with other men in a critical way, not always with orthodox reverence, but certainly with the conviction that he had a thorough knowledge of every phase of the subject. Perhaps he derived pleasure from showing that he did not accept the popular doctrine unreservedly.

His unorthodox view of the Catholic religion is shown by the fact that in 1797 he endeavoured to get Pius VI. to suppress the Inquisition throughout Europe. The Pope, in his reply, addressing the General as his "very dear son," urges him to abandon the idea and assures him that the charges made against the Holy Office are false. He further says that the Inquisition is not tyrannical, and that sooner than remove the Holy Office he would part with a province. Napoleon for a time gave way, and it was not until 1808 that he issued a decree suppressing the institution in France and confiscating its property. This incident is another proof of Napoleon's humane attitude towards his people and his abhorrence of religious intolerance.

The basis for such an attitude towards an accepted institution of the Roman Catholic Church was Napoleon's belief that "Faith is beyond the reach of the law and the most sacred property of man, for which he has no right to account to any mortal if there is nothing in it contrary to social order."

Unquestionably he had pride in impressing his auditors with the vastness of his information, acquired by reading and study. He had, moreover, a kind of childlike vanity in making men feel that he was not only extraordinary, but greatly their superior, even when they got him to talk on their own subjects. This habit was especially pronounced at St. Helena.

But this in no way impairs the evidences of his spiritual character. One of his first acts when his authority was established in France was to face the most hostile declamation against the Concordat, but believing that no good government could be assured without religion, he carried his convictions through in spite of it being a reversion of one of the cardinal doctrines of the Revolution, and there is abundance of proof that when he was faced with the last great problem, he accepted it without a sign of superstitious dread, believing in the immortality of the soul which should reveal all things.



BIBLIOGRAPHY

LIST OF SOME OF THE BOOKS REFERRED TO OR CONSULTED BY THE AUTHOR

Correspondence of Napoleon. Last Letters of Napoleon. Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon, by Bingham. Napoleon's Miscellanies. Napoleon's Own Memoirs. Napoleon Anecdotes, Ireland. Talks of Napoleon at St. Helena, by Count Gourgaud. Napoleon's Correspondence with King Joseph. Napoleon's Letters to Josephine, by H.F. Hall. Letters from the Island of St. Helena. History of Napoleon, by Lanfrey. Life of Napoleon, by Sir Walter Scott. Life of Napoleon, by J.H. Rose. Napoleon, by Phyfe. Private Life of Napoleon, by Levy. Life of Napoleon, by Bourrienne. Short Life of Napoleon, by J.R. Seeley. Life of Napoleon the Third, by Blanchard. Life of Napoleon, by W. Hazlitt. History of Napoleon, edited by R.H. Horne. Life of Napoleon, by MacFarlane. History of Napoleon, by George Moir Bussey. Life of Napoleon, by W.M. Sloane. Napoleon, by J.T. Bailey. Napoleon, by Dr. Max Lenz. Baron de Meneval, Memoirs. Memoirs of Count Miot de Melito. Memoirs of General Count Rapp, written by himself. Memoirs of the Duke of Rovigo. Memoirs of Madame Junot, Duchess of Abrantes. Secret Memoirs of Napoleon, by Charles Doris. Mallet Du Pan, by B. Mallet. Madame de Stael. Recollections of Marshal MacDonald. Memoirs of the Empress Josephine. Memoirs of Queen Hortense. Memoirs of the Court of St. Cloud. Memoirs of the Empress Marie Louise, by De St. Amand. Memoirs of Joseph. Memoirs of Madame de Remusat. Life of Nelson, by Southey. Life of Wellington, by George Hooper. Life of Sir Walter Scott, by Lockhart. Dumourier Memoirs. Life of Byron. William Pitt, by Lord Rosebery. William Pitt, by Charles Whibley. Memoirs of the Court of the Empress Josephine, by Ducrest. The Sailor King, by Fitzgerald Molloy. Marmont Memoirs. General Marbot Memoirs. Marshal Berthier, by General Derrecagaix. Constant, Memoirs of the Life of Napoleon. Napoleon and Marie Louise, by Madame Durand. The Women Napoleon Loved, by Tighe Hopkins. The Marriages of the Bonapartes, by Bingham. Napoleon at Home, by F. Masson. Napoleon et les Femmes, by F. Masson. Josephine, Imperatrice et Reine, by F. Masson. Love of an Uncrowned Queen, by Wilkins. The Love Affairs of Napoleon, by Joseph Turquan. The Women Bonapartes, by Noel Williams. Las Cases' Journal. Napoleon at St. Helena and Sir Hudson Lowe, by Forsyth. Napoleon's Captivity in Relation to Sir Hudson Lowe, by R.C. Seaton. The Exile of St. Helena, by Philippe Gonnard. Napoleon, Last Voyages, by J.H. Rose. The Last Days of Napoleon, by Dr. F. Antommarchi. Duke of Reichstadt, by De Wertheimer. Napoleon, the First Phase, by Oscar Browning. Napoleon, The Last Phase, by Lord Rosebery. Talks of Napoleon at St. Helena, by Latimer. The Surrender of Napoleon, by Rear-Admiral Sir Frederick Maitland. Napoleon in Exile, by Barry O'Meara. The Drama of St. Helena, by Paul Frembeaux. History of a Crime, by Victor Hugo. History of the Captivity of Napoleon, by Count Montholon. Warden's Letters from St. Helena. With Napoleon at St. Helena, by Dr. John Stokoe. Napoleon's Last Voyages, by Sir Thomas Usher. Napoleon and His Fellow Travellers, by Clement Shorter. An Exposition of Some of the Transactions that have taken place at St. Helena since the Appointment of Sir Hudson Lowe as Governor of that Island, by B.E. O'Meara. Facts Illustrative of the Treatment of Napoleon Bonaparte in St. Helena, by Theodore Hook (?). History of the Consulate and the Empire, by Thiers. Napoleon's Expedition to Russia, by Count Philippe de Segur. Napoleon in Russia, by Verestchagen. Napoleon, King of Elba, by Paul Gruyer. Cambridge Modern History, Volume IX., Sections by— Georges Pariset. T.A. Walker. H.W. Wilson. Anton Guilland. H.A.L. Fisher. L.G. Wickham-Legg. E.M. Lloyd. J. Holland Rose. August Keim. C.W. Oman. Eugen Stschepkin. Julius von Pflugk-Harttung. A.W. Ward. G.P. Gooch. Napoleon and His Detractors, by Prince Napoleon. Heinrich Heine's Essays. France, by J.E.C. Bodley. Talleyrand, by Lady Blennerhassett. Napoleon's Marshals, by R.P. Dunn Pattison. French Revolution, by Thomas Carlyle. French Revolution, by Lord Acton. Bonaparte and the Consulate, by Thibeaudeau. Napoleonic Studies, by J. Holland Rose. Biographical Sketches, by Harriet Martineau. From Howard to Nelson, by Mahan. The Life of Nelson, by Mahan. A Mariner of England, 1780-1817, edited by Colonel Spencer Childers. Bonapartism, by H.A.L. Fisher. Bernadotte's Correspondence with Napoleon.



LIST OF EVENTS AND DATES HAVING REFERENCE TO NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

1769. Aug. 15. Napoleon the First born.

1789. July 14. French Revolution breaks out with the destruction of the Bastille.

1790. July 14. France declared a Limited Monarchy.

July 14. Louis XVI. swears to maintain the Constitution.

1791. June 21. The King, Queen, and Royal family arrested at Varennes.

Sept. 15. Louis (a prisoner) signs the National Constitution.

1792. July 17. First coalition against France.

Nov. 19. French people declare their fraternity with all nations who desire to be free and offer help.

1796. Mar. 9. Bonaparte's marriage with Josephine. Bonaparte's successful campaign in Italy.

1798. Expedition to Syria and Egypt.

1799. April. European coalition against France.

Nov. 10. Council of 500 deposed by Bonaparte; he is declared First Consul. 1800. June 14. Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at Marengo. Dec. 24. Bonaparte's life attempted by an infernal machine.

Bank of France founded by Napoleon.

1802. Mar. 28. Peace of Amiens (with England, Spain, and Holland) signed.

1802. May 19. Legion of Honour instituted by Napoleon.

Aug. 2. Napoleon made First Consul for life.

1803. April 14. Bank of France established.

May 22. Declaration of war against England.

1804. Feb. 15. Conspiracy of Moreau and Pichegru against Napoleon.

Mar. 21. Duc d'Enghien executed.

May 18. Napoleon proclaimed Emperor of France.

Dec. 2. Napoleon crowned by the Pope.

1805. May 26. Napoleon crowned King of Italy.

Aug. Third coalition against France.

Dec. 2. Napoleon defeats the Allies at Austerlitz.

1806. Oct. 14. Napoleon defeats the Prussians at Jena.

1807. Feb. 8. Napoleon defeats the Russians at Eylau.

July 7. Peace of Tilsit signed.

Dec. 17. Napoleon issues his Milan Decree against British commerce.

1808. Mar. 1. New Nobility of France created.

May 5. Abdication of Charles IV. of Spain and his son in favour of Napoleon.

July Commencement of the Peninsular War.

1809. April Alliance of England and Austria against France.

May Napoleon defeats the Austrians and enters Vienna.

Oct. 14. Peace of Vienna signed.

Dec. 16. Divorce of the Emperor and the Empress Josephine decreed by the Senate.

1810. April 1. Marriage of Napoleon to Marie Louise of Austria.

July 9. Holland united to France.

1811. Mar. 20. Birth of the King of Rome (Napoleon II.).

1812. June 22. War with Russia declared.

Oct. The retreat from Moscow.

1813. Mar. Alliance of Austria, Russia, and Prussia against France.

Oct. 7. British enter France.

1814. Mar. 31. Surrender of Paris to the Allies.

1814. April 5. Abdication of Napoleon negotiated.

May 3. Restoration of the Bourbon dynasty. Louis XVIII. arrives at Paris.

May 4. Napoleon arrives at Elba.

May 29. Death of Josephine.

1815. Mar. 1. Napoleon escapes from Elba and lands at Cannes.

Mar. 20. Napoleon arrives at Fontainebleau.

Mar. 22. Napoleon is joined by all the Army.

Mar. The Allies sign a treaty against him.

Mar. 29. Napoleon abolishes the slave trade.

June 12. Napoleon leaves Paris for the Army.

June 18. Battle of Waterloo.

June 20. Napoleon returns to Paris.

June 22. Abdicates in favour of his son.

July 3. He arrives at Rochefort, intending to embark for America.

July 3. Louis XVIII. re-enters Paris.

July 15. Napoleon surrenders to Captain Maitland, of the Bellerophon, at Rochefort.

Aug. 8. Is transferred at Torbay to the Northumberland, and, with Admiral Sir George Cockburn, sails for St. Helena.

Oct. 15. Arrives at St. Helena, to remain for life.

Dec. 7. Execution of Marshal Ney.

1816. Jan. 12. Family of Bonaparte excluded for ever from France by the Law of Amnesty.

1821. May 5. Death of Napoleon.

1836. Oct. 29. Attempted insurrection by Louis Napoleon (afterwards Emperor).

1837. May 8. Amnesty proclaimed for political offences.

1838. "Idees Napoleoniennes" published by Prince Louis Napoleon.

1840. May 12. The Chambers decree the removal of Napoleon's remains from St. Helena.

Oct. 15. Exhumation of Napoleon's remains.

Nov. 30. Arrival of Belle Poule frigate at Cherbourg with remains on board.

1840. Dec. 15. Remains deposited in the Hotel des Invalides.[33]

Aug. 6. Descent of Louis Napoleon, General Montholon, and fifty followers at Vimeraux, near Boulogne.

Oct. 6. The Prince captured and sentenced to imprisonment for life.

1841. Aug. 15. Bronze statue of Napoleon placed on the column of the Grande Armee, Boulogne.

1846. May 25. Louis Napoleon escapes from Ham.

1847. Oct. 10. Jerome Bonaparte returns to France, after an exile of thirty-two years.

1848. June 13. Election of Louis Napoleon to the National Assembly.

Sept. 26. Louis Napoleon takes his seat in the National Assembly.

1857. Longwood, the residence of Napoleon Bonaparte at St. Helena, bought for 180,000 francs.

1860. June 24. Jerome Bonaparte (the Emperor's uncle) dies, aged 76.

1861. Mar. 31. Napoleon's body finally placed in the crypt of the Hotel des Invalides.

FOOTNOTES:

[33] The ceremony was witnessed by about 1,000,000 persons and 150,000 soldiers assisted at the obsequies. No relatives of the Emperor were present, as at this time the various members of the Bonaparte family were either proscribed and in exile or in prison.



INDEX

Abrantes, Duke and Duchess of, see Junot Acton, Lord, 115 Aglietti, Dr., 157 Alexander, see Russia, Emperor of Amherst, Lord, 48 Anne of Russia, Princess, 268 Antommarchi, Dr., 32, 75, 82, 85, 195, 293 Archambaud, 171 Arnott, Dr., 85 Augereau, General, 156, 176 Austria, Commissioner for, 45, 49 Austria, Emperor of, 49, 55, 113, 124, 133, 267, 274

Baranti, M., 217 Barras, "Citizen," 240, 241, 251 Bathurst, Lord, 34, 35, 45, 70, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 103, 181, 184 Beauharnais, Alexandre, 231, 232, 234, 235 Beauharnais, Eugene, 235, 240, 254, 283, 285 Beauharnais, Hortense, 116, 232, 235, 254, 262, 279, 280, 283, 285 Beauharnais, Marquis de, 231, 232 Beauterne, M., 293 Beauvais, Bishop of, 104 Bernadotte, Marshal, 175, 273 Berthier, General, 153, 176 Bertrand, Count, 15, 34, 51, 57, 139, 171, 172, 195, 290 Bertrand, Madame, 72 Bessieres, General, 153 Bismarck, Prince von, 166 Bluecher, Marshal, 189 Bombelles, M. de, 158 Bonaparte, Caroline, 246 Bonaparte, Joseph, 49, 115, 172, 244, 245, 262 Bonaparte, Leon, 263, 264 Bonaparte, Louis, 262 Bonaparte, Lucien, 254, 262 Bonaparte, Madame Mere, 146 et seq. Bonaparte, Napoleon, 15, 19, 32, 35, 37, 40, 44, 48, 50, 58, 73, 75, 83, 84, 85, 105, 106, 108, 116, 117, 120, 121, 122, 124, 126, 127, 128, 139, 155, 160, 162, 172, 194, 201, 206, 207, 210, 213, 221, 240, 241, 243, 247, 250, 252, 253, 254, 257, 259, 261, 265, 267, 271, 277, 281, 284, 286, 288 et seq.; on the Christian religion, 293 et seq. Bonaparte, Pauline, 116, 249, 250 Borghesi, Countess Pauline, 83 Bourrienne, M., 113, 128, 129, 162, 177 Browning, Oscar, 117 Brutus, Marcus, 124 Buelow, von, 189 Burton, Dr., 85 Byron, Lord, 191, 199 et seq., 216

Cadoudal, 262 Caesar, Julius, 123 Camerata, Countess Napoleone, 145 Carlyle, Jane, 84 Carlyle, Thomas, 163 Carnot, 241, 244 Cases, Count Las, 34, 64, 65, 68, 70, 75, 171, 195 Castlereagh, Lord, 45, 80, 103, 181 Catherine of Westphalia, 153, 154 Charles, Hippolyte, 249, 250, 251, 252 Charles VII., 105, 106 Charles X., 168 Cipriani, 54 Cockburn, Captain, 27, 34 Collot, 253 Colonna, Count, see Walewska, Alexander Colonna, Signor Simeon, 82 Commissioners of the Powers, 45, 49 Compoint, Louise, 246 Conquereau, l'Abbe, 171 Constant, Benjamin, 123, 207, 213, 215, 216 Corvisat, Dr., 286 Coulon Brothers, 128 Cromwell, Oliver, 90

Davoust, Marshal, 176 Denuelle, Madame Eleanore, 263 Desaix, General, 153 Dietrichstein, Count, 137 Documents, see Official Documents Dottot, M., 258 Duroc, Marshal, 126, 153

Editor of Edinburgh Review, 50 Eliot, George, 216 d'Enghien, Due, 51, 262

Fesch, Cardinal, 150 Flachats, MM., 261 Forsyth, William, 36, 76, 91, 99, 100, 101, 179, 192, 196 Fouche, M., 128, 129, 176, 206, 261, 263, 277, 284 Fox, Charles James, 92, 93 France, Commissioner for, 45, 49, 72 Francis, see Austria, Emperor of Frederick of Prussia, 49, 162 Frederick the Great, 163 Freron, M., 250

George I., 162, 287 George IV., 33, 70, 94, 95, 117, 180, 201, 287 Gohier, M., 256 Gorrequer, Major, 99, 100 Gourgaud, General, 29, 53, 65, 75, 77, 78, 80, 81, 112, 139, 171, 179, 193, 194, 195, 207, 288, 289 Granville, Earl, 19 Grouchy, Marshal, 189, 191 Guizot, M., 17

Hanover, Elector of, 162 Henin, General, 190 Henry, Mr., 99, 100 Henry VIII., 287 Hill, General Lord, 189 Hoche, General, 240 Holland, Lady, 49, 57 Holland, Lord, 80, 89 Hooper, 61 Horeau, Dr., 286

Jersey, Lady, 201 Joan of Arc, 104, 106, 153 Joinville, Prince, 26, 171, 173 Josephine, 101, 118, 155, 210, 220, 231 et seq. Jourdan, General, 176 Junot, Marshal, 127, 245, 246

Keith, Lord, 21, 65, 66, 120, 121, 122, 124 Kellerman, General, 242, 243 Kleber, General, 153

La Fayette, 156 Lallemand, 65 Las Cases, see Cases, Las Leclerc, General, 249, 250 Lenz, Dr. Max, 193, 198, 209 Liverpool, Lord, 80, 103, 181 Livingstone, Dr., 85 Louis Philippe, 16, 21 et seq., 138, 168, 169, 171, 172 Louis XVI., 126, 270 Louis XVIII., 94, 168 Lowe, Sir Hudson, 27, 32, 34, 35, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 51, 57, 62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 88, 99, 103, 178, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 191, 194, 195, 196

Macaulay, Lord, 162 Macdonald, Marshal, 176 Maceroni, Colonel, 75 Manning, Mr., 57 Mair, Dr. Alexander, 293 Maitland, Captain, 63, 65, 66, 118 Marchand, M., 75, 156, 171, 290 Marie Antoinette, 270 Marie Caroline, Queen, 158 Marie Louise, 49, 85, 131, 137, 146, 151 et seq., 267, 270, 274, 276, 286 Marmont, General, 132, 134, 135, 156, 176, 247 Massena, General, 153, 176 Masson, F., 118, 234, 235, 264 Mecklenburg, Prince of, 284 Melito, Miot de, 128 Meneval, 156, 159, 189, 190, 267, 278 Metternich, Count, 133, 136, 138, 143, 144, 276, 277 Miguel, Dom, 132 Montchenu, Marquis de, 45, 49, 72 Montholon, Count, 15, 34, 39, 40, 43, 50, 51, 65, 75, 82, 83, 88, 139, 172, 195, 289, 290, 293 Montholon, Countess, 58 Moreau, M., 262 Mueller, 109, 110, 111 Murat, Marshal, 153, 245, 246, 271

Napoleon, Charles, Prince, 262 Napoleon I., see Bonaparte, Napoleon Napoleon II., see Rome, King of Napoleon III., 118, 142, 275, 276 Napoleon, Prince Louis, 132, 135, 146, 172, 265 Neipperg, Count, 49, 133, 137, 152, 156 et seq., 274 Ney, Marshal, 153 Noverraz, 171

Obenaus, Baron, 133, 137, 142 Official Documents, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21 et seq., 81, 82, 83, 95, 197 O'Meara, Dr. Barry E., 30, 43, 46, 49, 50, 64, 73, 77, 79, 81, 181, 188, 195, 241 Orange, Prince of, 162 Oudinot, Marshal, 176

Pagerie, Joseph Tascher de la, 232 Palmerston, Lord, 17, 20, 169 Peel, Sir Robert, 186 Permon, Madame, 127 Philipon, Jeanne Marie, 236, 237 Pichegru, 267 Pieron, 171 Pitt, William, 93 Pius VII., 148, 150 Plampin, Sir Robert, 195, 196 Poppleton, Captain, 61 Prokesch, Count, 136, 137, 142, 143 Prussia, Commissioner for, 45, 49 Prussia, King of, see Frederick

Radowich, Gunner, 57 Reade, Sir Thomas, 41, 42, 43, 50, 62, 63 Reggio, Duchess of, 279 Remusat, Charles de, 219 Remusat, Madame de, 129, 219 et seq., 284 Remusat, M. de, 220, 221 Remusat, Paul de, 219 Robespierre, 213, 235, 237 Rocca, M., 214 et seq. Roderer, M., 114 Rome, King of, 49, 57 et seq., 131 et seq., 278 Rosebery, Lord, 193, 288, 289 Rovigo, Duke of, 65, 139 Ruskin, John, 196 Russia, Commissioner for, 45, 49 Russia, Emperor of, 49, 65, 124, 279, 280, 282

Saint-Denis, 171 Samson (M. de Paris), 237 Santini, 54, 55, 56, 75 Scott, Sir Walter, 28, 90, 91, 122, 182, 184 Seguier, M., 115 Serbelloni, Duke of, 247 Short, Dr., 85 Somerset, Lord Charles, 68, 69 Soult, Marshal, 176, 190 Stael, Madame de, 129, 204 et seq., 279 Stokoe, Dr. John, 195, 196 Strange, Sir Thomas, 42

Taine, M., 144 Talleyrand, M., 128, 129, 156, 161, 176, 206, 251, 261, 263 Teynham, Lord, 187 Thiers, M., 17

Vandamme, General, 190 Villemarest, 129 Volney, Senator, 116

Walewska, Alexander (Count Colonna), 269, 278 Walewska, Madame, 118, 267, 269, 278 Wellington, Duke of, 31, 103, 186, 187, 188, 189, 216 Wieland, 108, 111 Whitworth, Lord, 117 Wilhelmina of Prussia, 163 Williams, H. Noel, 148 Wolseley, Lord, 191 Wordsworth, William, 200

THE END