I am half afraid to tell my readers how to build this bridge, as it required the utmost care, and had to be built just so to avoid disaster. Bridge building is a serious business, and I would not advise anyone to attempt building this, of all bridges, who does not propose to follow instructions implicitly. Uncle Ed told us that if we built it properly, and with sound timbers, we would find the bridge strong enough to support a dozen boys, but he warned us not to crowd more than that number on it.



Frames for the Cantilever Bridge.



The frames with which the cantilever bridge was built were made of saplings from 3 to 4 inches in diameter. We procured them from Mr. Schreiner's lands up the river. In making the frames the sticks were fastened together with 1/2-inch bolts 6 inches long. It was quite a strain on our pocketbooks to buy these bolts, but Uncle Ed had written that nails or spikes would be useless to stand the strains of so large a bridge, and that if we could not get any bolts we had better give up the idea of building a cantilever bridge. To make sure that we made no mistakes, Uncle Ed had made a drawing of each different size of frame we would need, designating each with a different letter, and then these same letters were marked on a general view of the bridge, so that we would know exactly where the frames belonged. These drawings are reproduced here in Figs. 305 to 316 and 318. We had to make four frames each, of the A, B, C and E sizes, two each of the F, G and I sizes and one each of the H, I, J and K sizes. Of the D frames two were made with the ends cut away on the outer half, as illustrated in Fig. 308, and two were cut away at the inner side, the reason for which will appear presently. When fastening the timbers together we cut notches in each stick, as shown in Fig. 317. The depth of each notch was just one-quarter the diameter of the stick; that is, the notch was 3/4 of an inch deep in a 3-inch stick and 1 inch deep in a 4-inch stick. Care was taken not to exceed this depth, for fear of weakening the sticks. In the case of frame D, the sticks were not notched or mortised together. It will be noticed that the measurements are given to the inner edges of the sticks in some cases, and to the outer edges in others. The reason for this, as Uncle Ed explained it, was because the thickness of our sticks would vary considerably, and it was important that many of the measurements be exact, otherwise the frames would not fit into each other as they should. Another thing to which he called our attention was the fact that frames A, B, E, F, H, K and L were stiffened with cross braces, while the rest were not. The braced frames, he wrote, were those which would be under a compression strain, while the others would be under tension; that is, when any weight was placed on the bridge it would push against, the ends of the braced frames, trying to crush them, but would pull on the unbraced frames, trying to tear them apart. In fact, the bridge would have been just as strong had we used heavy iron wire in place of the unbraced frames, and the only reason Uncle Ed did not recommend our doing so was because we had no simple way of stretching the wire taut.



Erecting the Towers.



We built the complete set of frames before attempting to erect the bridge. Then we began by building the towers. Two A frames were set on end and spaced 4 feet apart at the top and 5 feet apart at the bottom, measuring not from the inner but from the outer edges of the frames. In this position they were connected by short spars, notched in place. The notches for these connecting spars will be seen in Fig. 305 on the main or vertical timbers of frame A, just below the upper and middle cross sticks and above the lower cross sticks. The upper connecting spars were wedged tightly under the cross sticks, and served as an additional support for them. Diagonal braces were nailed from one frame to the other, as illustrated in Fig. 318. The towers were built on opposite banks, at the mouth of the lagoon, and when completed we lowered them carefully down the banks into the water. According to directions they were to be set just 30 feet apart, measuring from the center of one tower to the center of the other. The water was quite shallow where the towers rested, but the bottom was pretty firm. Holes were dug in the bottom for the legs of the tower to set into, and then large stones were piled around each leg to provide a firm foundation for the towers.



Setting Up the Frames.



A B frame was now hauled out to one of the towers and lifted by its narrower end, with fall and tackle, until its lower tie piece rested on the projecting ends of the center crosspieces of the tower. The upper end of the frame was held against the top of the tower, while a C frame was hooked over the upper ends of the tower legs; then frame B was allowed to swing outward until its smaller end locked with the outer end of frame C. It will be observed in Fig. 306 that the upper crosspiece or tie piece of frame B was fastened to one side of the vertical sticks and the lower tie piece to the other side. This was done purposely, so that when the frame was set in position the bottom tie piece would be on the lower side of the frame and the top piece would lie on the upper side, as shown in Fig 318, or, better still, in Fig. 319. The rest of the frames were all arranged to be set in place with their tie pieces on the lower side, or facing the towers, as will be clearly understood by examining the illustrations. As soon as the B and C frames were set up on one side of the tower, another pair of B and C frames was set up on the other side of the same tower. A cantilever bridge must always be built out on both sides of the tower at the same time, otherwise it will be overbalanced on one side and topple over. After the B and C frames were in place we took two D frames, with oppositely cut ends, and rested their tie sticks on the top of the tower, just under the ends of the C frames. The ends of the two D frames overlapped at the center of the tower, and, as one was cut away at the outer side and the other at the inner side, they fitted neatly together and were fastened with bolts. The D frames were supported near their outer ends with E frames, which rested on the B and C frames. Fig. 319 shows an E frame set in position on the landward side of the tower, while two of the boys are climbing out on the opposite B and C frames preparatory to setting up the other E frame. A cross stick was now bolted to each D frame, just beyond the upper ends of the E sticks. This done, the frame F was hooked in between the ends of B and C, at the shoreward side of the tower, and its outer ends were supported by frame G, which was hooked over frame D and the upper ends of frame E. The frame L was then rested on the ends of frame F and G, and supported the shore end of frame D. A stick nailed across frame D on each side of the upper ends of frame L served to hold the latter in place.



Binding and Anchoring the Structure.

As the different frames were coupled together, we bound the overlapping ends with soft iron wire. The place where frames B, C, E and F came together was quite a vital point, and we took pains to make the wire binding at this place doubly strong. As soon as the L frame was in place we anchored the bridge to shore by running wires from the ends of the D frame and the ends of the G frame to stakes driven into the banks. The frames on the second tower were now similarly erected and anchored, after which we were ready to put in the center panels of the bridge.



The Center Panels of the Bridge.

First, the frame H was wedged into place and thoroughly fastened by a liberal winding of wire. Next the frames I and J were set in place, and in order to do this we had to remove the upper tie pieces of these frames. Then one frame was hooked in the other, and the two were carried out on the scow under the center of the bridge. Ropes were tied to the ends of the two frames, and they were lifted together, like a wide V, to the position shown in Fig. 318, after which the tie pieces were bolted on again, resting against the ends of the E frames. As an additional security, two sticks were bolted to the under side of the frame H, one at each side of the I and J frames. The bridge was then completed by wedging the frame K under the ends of the D frames, and also placing a stick across each tower under the joints of the D frames. We planned to run our gravity railway across this bridge, moving our platform and trestle to the opposite bank; so instead of flooring our bridge with slabs, we fastened ties across at intervals of 15 or 18 inches. These ties were sticks 3 inches in diameter, which were secured to the D frames.



A Serious Interruption.

We were just preparing to lay the tracks across the bridge when we met with a serious interruption. Mr. Halliday had told us that a few days before our arrival that summer Mr. Smith, the owner of the island, and another man had paid a visit to the place. Jim Halliday himself had rowed them over, and learned from their conversation that Mr. Smith was trying to sell the island, and that the stranger, a Mr. Gill, was a prospective purchaser. All summer long we had been dreading the return of this customer, though, as time passed without his putting in an appearance, we almost forgot the incident. But now, at the end of August, just as we had about completed our cantilever bridge, who should arrive but this very man Gill and three other men with a large tent and camping outfit. It was a sorrowful crowd of boys that watched the wagon with their belongings ford the shallow water over to our island. We felt that the island was ours by right of discovery and occupation, but we were powerless to force our claims. And what if they did not insist on our leaving the island? It would not be the same place with strangers around to meddle with our things.



Dispossessed.

But the new owner of the island was even more of a boor than we had anticipated. As soon as he landed he wanted to know what we were doing on his property, and peremptorily ordered us off. Bill answered that we were camping there, and politely asked if we couldn't stay out the summer. But Gill would not listen to the idea. We must get off the island that very day or he would see to it that we did.

I tell you it made us boil. We were just itching to give the pompous little man the sound thrashing he deserved, but knew that we would stand a very small show against his three powerful companions. At any rate, we were determined not to leave at once. Instead, we repaired to Kite Island, taking our belongings with us. Then we cut away the suspension, spar and pontoon bridges, so that we would not be annoyed by any of the Gill crowd. We were resolved that they should not benefit by any of the things we had built.

At the dead of night we paddled back to Willow Clump Island, crept past the slumbering intruders and waded out to the old water wheel. After a good deal of exertion we managed to dislodge the smaller tower, letting the wheel drop into the river and float away. Then we made for the cantilever bridge. It didn't take us very long to cut away the wire bindings, unhook the frames and drop them into the lagoon. But the task was quite a perilous one, as the night was pitch black. Finally, nothing remained of the bridge but the two towers, which were left as monuments to mark the spot where our last piece of engineering on the island was done.



Farewell to Willow Clump Island.

We spent several days on Kite Island, knowing that we were safe from intrusion, because the Gill crowd had but one boat, and that was on the Jersey side of the island. We felt confident that they would not take the trouble of wading around Point Lookout with their boats, as we had done; nevertheless, to prevent a surprise, we kept a sentry posted on the Lake Placid side of the island and gathered a pile of stones for ammunition. But our fun was spoiled, and we finally decided to break camp and bid farewell forever to Willow Clump Island and its vicinity. Our goods were ferried over to Jim Halliday's farm, where we were given shelter. The windmill, as I have already stated, was sold to a farmer at Lumberville, and we were kept busy for several days carting it over and setting it up in place. When everything had been done we stole back to Kite Island and set fire to the log cabin. The next day Mr. Schreiner took us home in a couple of his wagons. Thus ended our "investigation, exploration and exploitation of Willow Clump Island." The work of two summers was practically all destroyed in a few days.



Reddy's Cantilever Bridge.

I believe I have given a careful account of everything that was recorded in the chronicles of the society. We were too discouraged to undertake anything new in the two weeks before school opened. I presume I might mention here Reddy's cantilever bridge, which, however, had really nothing to do with the S. S. I. E. E. of W. C. I., because our society was formally disbanded the day before Bill and I returned to school. About a month after leaving home I received a letter from Reddy inclosing three interesting photographs, which are reproduced herewith. Reddy certainly had the bridge fever, because soon after we had left he started to work, with the rest of the boys, on a cantilever bridge across Cedar Brook. The brook was entirely unsuited to such a structure, because the banks were very low; but he made the towers quite short and built an inclined roadway leading up to the top of them. The legs of the towers were driven firmly into the bank, making them so solid that he thought it would be perfectly safe to build the frames out over the brook without building them at the same time on the shore side. But he had made a miscalculation, for when a couple of the boys had crawled out on the B and C frames to set up an E frame the structure commenced to sag. The trouble was remedied by propping up the tower with a stout stick driven into the river bottom and wedged under the upper tie piece of the tower. The towers were really too short to make a well proportioned bridge, for the panels had to be made very long and narrow, so as to reach across. But on the whole it was a very creditable structure when completed, though it had only half as long a span as our cantilever bridge over the lagoon.



INDEX

A "A" tent Abbreviations, wigwag Accident, railway, the first Ainu snow shoe Alarm clock, a unique Alphabet, wigwag Alpine stock Anchoring cantilever bridge Annex, the Arctic expedition Armchair, barrel Axles of railroad car

B Bags, sleeping Banquets, midnight Barrel armchair Barrel filter Barrel hoop snow shoe Barrel stave hammock Barrel stave snow shoe Bat's wings Bed, a camp Bed in shower Belly band, elastic Bending wood Bicycle wheels, mounting frame on Big Bug Club "Bill," Bill's cave Bill's skate sail Binding cantilever bridge Blades of wind wheel Boat, ice Boat mooring, tramp-proof Boat, scow Box kite, diamond Box, the black walnut Brake for wind wheel Bridge building Bridge, cantilever Bridge, king post Bridge, king rod Bridge, pontoon Bridge, Reddy's cantilever Bridge, spar Bridge, stiffening Bridge, suspension Bridge wreck Bucket, the canvas Buckets for water wheel Bunks

C Camp bed Camp bed in shower Camp, breaking Camp chair, a Camp fire, a costly Camp fire, kindling Canoe, Indian paddling Canoe lee boards Canoe rudder Canoe, the sailing Canoe sails Canoe, scooter Canoe, stretching on canvas Canoes, canvas Cantilever bridge Cantilever bridge, anchoring Cantilever bridge, binding frames Cantilever bridge, center panels Cantilever bridge, frames for Cantilever bridge, Reddy's Cantilever, bridge, setting up frames of Cantilever bridge towers Canvas bucket Canvas canoes Canvas, stretching on canoe Canvas tent Car axles Car for gravity railroad Car, mounting wheels on Carpenter's miter box Cave, Bill's Cave, covering the Cave, excavating for Cave, framing Cave-in, a Center panels of cantilever bridge Chain, surveyor's Chair, a camp Chair seat snow shoe Cheek blocks Chinks in log cabin, stopping up Christmas vacation Clamp for crank shaft Clapboards, nailing on Cleat, a Climbing, mountain Clock, a unique alarm Club, the Big Bug Club pin Club, the Subterranean Code, International Telegraph Combination lock Council of war Crank shaft, the Creepers, ice Crossbow Crossbow trigger Cutting out disk

D Danish sail Derrick, the Diamond box kite Digging the well Disk, cutting out Disk, sighting Dispossessed Diving tree Door hinges Door latch Doors, sliding Double mirror heliograph Double surprise Drill, fire Drowned, how to restore, alone Drowned, restoring the

E Easter vacation Elastic belly band Expedition, Arctic Expedition, logging Expedition, preparing for Exploration, preliminary

F Farewell to Willow Clump Island Fastener, brass Filter, the barrel Filter barrel, cooling the Filter, the small Fire drill Fireplace of log cabin Fireplace, outdoor Fireplace, stone-paved Fissure, path up the Flanged wheels Fly, ridge pole Fly for tent Fly, umbrella with Focusing heliograph instrument Frame on bicycle wheels Frames for cantilever bridge Frames of cantilever bridge, setting up Friend in time of trouble

G Goblins' Dancing Platform Grass hut Gravity railroad

H Halliday, Jim Hammock, barrel stave Harness, pack Heliograph, the Heliograph, double mirror Heliograph instrument, focusing Heliograph screen Heliograph sight rod Heliograph signaling Heliograph, single mirror Hinge for spars Hinges, door House building House, log House, the tree Hut cold night in Hut, log Hut, straw

I Ice boat, the Ice boats, sledges and toboggans Ice, craft strikes the Ice creepers, Indian paddling canoe Instrument, double mirror Instrument, single mirror Instrument, surveying International Telegraph Code Iroquois snow shoe Island, mapping the Island, off to the Island, trip to the

J Jacob's Ladder Jaw's of boom Jib-sail for ice boat Jib-sail for scooter scow Jim Halliday

K King post bridge King rod truss Kite, diamond box Kite Island Kite, Malay, 5-foot Kite, Malay, 8-foot Kites, putting to work Kites, tailless Klepalo, the

L Ladder, the Jacob's Ladders, rope Lagoon, the Lake Placid Land yacht Land yacht, a sail on Lanteen sail for canoe Lanteen skate sail Latch, door Latch string Lee boards, canoe "Leg-of-mutton " sail Levels, spirit Lock combination Log cabin Log cabin, building the Log cabin door hinges Log cabin door latch Log cabin door and window frames Log cabin fireplace Log cabin, floor of Log cabin, foundation of Log cabin, roof of Log cabin, stopping up chinks Log cabin window sash Log raft Logging expedition

M Mainsail for canoe Mainsail for ice boat Malay kite, 5-foot Malay kite, 8-foot Mapping the island Mast of land yacht, stepping Mast step, ice boat Mast step, leather Mast step, wooden Megaphone Megaphone mouthpiece Midnight banquets Mill-race, the Mirror instrument, heliograph Miter box, carpenter's Mizzen sail of canoe Mooring, tramp-proof boat Mountain climbing Mouthpiece of megaphone "Mummy case,"

N Needle, weaving Night, cold, in the hut Nightmare, a Noria Norwegian ski Numerals, wigwag

O Oar, the Off to the island Organizing the society Outdoor fireplace Outfits, tramping

P Pack harness Paddling canoe, Indian Paddles for water wheel Panels, center, of cantilever bridge, Path up the fissure Patient, how to work over, alone Pin, the club Plank, swimming on Platform, Goblins' Dancing Point Lookout Pole, ridge Poncho Pontoon bridge Poor shelter, a Preparing for the expedition Protractor, the Provisions and supplies Pump, the Pump, action of Pump valves, the

R Raft, log Raft, sail-rigged Railroad car Railroad car axles Railroad flanged wheels Railroad, gravity Railway track, the Railway accident, the first Railway, rope Railway spikes Rapids, shooting the Receiving trough for water wheel Records of the S. S. I. E. E. of W. C. I. Reddy's cantilever bridge Rennwolf, the Restoring the drowned Ridge pole Ridge pole, fly Riveting Rod, heliograph sight Rod, surveyor's Rope ladders Rope railway Rowlocks, sockets for Rudder, canoe Rudder shoe, ice boat Runner shoe, ice boat Runners of scooter canoe Runners of sledge Rustic table

S S. S. I. E. E. of W. C. I., records of Sail, jib, for scooter Sail, "leg-of-mutton," Sail, mizzen, of canoe Sail-rigged raft Sail, sprit, for scooter Sail stitch Sail through the country Sailing canoe, the Sailor's stitch Sails, canoe Sails for ice boat Sandwiches, straw Schreiner, a visit from Mr. Scooter canoe Scooter sailing Scooter scow Scooters Scow, the Scow, a sail in Scow, scooter Scow, stolen Screen, heliograph Seat, swing Shaft, the crank Shelter, a poor Shooting the rapids Sight rod Sighting blocks Sighting disk Signaling, heliograph Signals, wigwag Simple method of surveying Single mirror heliograph Sioux snow shoe Skate sail, bat's wings Skate sail, Bill's Skate sail, Danish Skate sail, double Swedish Skate sail, lanteen Skate sail, single Swedish Skate sails Ski, Norwegian Ski sticks Skids Slabs Sledge, the Sleeping bags Sliding doors Snotter Snow shoe, Ainu Snow shoe, barrel hoop Snow shoe, barrel stave Snow shoe, chair seat Snow shoe, Iroquois Snow shoe, Sioux Snow shoe, Swiss Snow shoes Society, meeting of Society, organizing the Spar bridge Spars, hinge for Spikes, railway Spiral spring Spirit levels Spring, spiral Sprit sail Stepping mast of land yacht Stitch, the sail Stitch, sailor's Stick, ski Stiffening the bridge Stone-paved fireplace Stone wall, how to build Straw hut Straw sandwiches Subterranean Club Summer toboggan Supplies and provisions Surprise, a double Surveying Surveying, first lesson in Surveying instrument Surveying, a simple method of Surveying for water wheel Surveyor's chain Surveyor's rod Suspension bridge Swamp shoe Swedish sail, double Swedish sail, single Swimming Swimming on a plank Swing seat Swiss snow shoe

T Table, a rustic Tailless kites Telegraph Code, International Tent, the "A" Tent, annex Tent, canvas wall Tent fly Tent making Testing the track Thole pins Tie block, wood Tie, wire Tiger's Tail Tiller, ice boat Tiller of land yacht Toboggan, the Toboggan, the summer Tower, the windmill Towers of the cantilever bridge Towers for water wheel Towers of water wheel, setting up Track, laying the Track, the railway Track, testing the Tramping outfits Tramp-proof boat mooring Tramps, trouble with Tree, diving Tree house, the Trigger for crossbow Trip to the island Tripod, the Trouble with tramps Trunk, the old Truss, king rod Turnbuckle, a simple

U Umbrella with fly Umbrella rib crossbow Uncle Ed, word from Uncle Ed's departure

V Vacation, Christmas Vacation, Easter Valves, the pump Van Syckel, interview with Vengeance Visit from Mr. Schreiner

W Wall, how to build Wall tent Water wheel Water wheel buckets Water wheel, construction of Water wheel, Mr. Halliday's Water wheel, mounting the Water wheel paddles Water wheel receiving trough Water wheel, surveying for Water wheel, towers for Water wheel towers, setting up War, council of Weaving needle Well, digging the Wheel, the wind Wheels for gravity railroad Wheels, mounting, on car Wheels, mounting frame on Wigwag abbreviations Wigwag alphabet Wigwag numerals Wigwag signals Wigwagging and heliographing Wigwagging at night Willow Clump Island Willow Clump Island, farewell to Willow Clump Island in winter Wind wheel Wind wheel blades Wind wheel brake Windmill Windmill tower Window hinge Window sash, log cabin Wings, bat's Wire tie Wood, bending Wood tie block Word from Uncle Ed

Y Yacht, land Yacht, land, frame of



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