Ur-Kasdim = Ur.

Ur-Nin-Girsu, of Lagash, priest of Anu, 90.

Ur-Shul-pa-uddu, ruler of Kish, 99.

Uru-azagga, quarter of Lagash, 57; temple of Bau, 59, 103.

Uru-gal, "great city," designation of nether-world, 592; Nin-azu, god of U., 592.

Uruk, ancient center, 9, 35, 245, 445, 472; excavated, 9; rulers, 37; temple of Nin-shakh, 93; temple of Lugal-banda, 95; temple of Nin-gul, 96; origin of cult of Nisaba, 102; Nana, or Ishtar, the great goddess of Uruk, 81, 84, 103, 242, 311, 445, 473, 475, 645, 648; importance of Uruk in Nippur inscriptions, 103; worship of Nisaba, 111; temple of Nana or Ishtar, 81, 242, 311, 531, 639; Uruk supuri, 472; city of the Kizreti, Ukhati, and Kharimati, 475, 531; conquered by Gilgamesh, 473, 513; attacked by Khumbaba, 430; Uruk under Cassites (?), 480; attacked by Dibbarra, 531; dwelling of Anu and Ishtar, 531; zikkurat at U., 619, 639.

Uru-kagina, patesi of Lagash, 53; king of Girsu, 56; erects temple of Bau at Uru-azagga, 103.

Utu, surname of Shamash, 72; etymology, 73.

Utukku, a class of spirits, 260 (cf. 511).

Vases, sacred objects, 652, 674-5 comparison with vases in the Solomonic temple, 653.

Venus = Ishtar, name of planet, 370.

Votive inscriptions, see Religious Texts.

Votive offerings, 51, 57, 660 ff.; lists of, 165; popular character, 668-9; statues of kings votive offerings, 669; occasions for, 670; offered by kings and laymen, 671, 675; various objects, 671, 675; captured gods as offerings, 675.

Warka, see Uruk.

Water, see Fire and Ea; means of purification, 276, 279, 282, 289.

Wedge writing, styles and varieties, 19, 20; origin, 21 ff., 454, 455.

Witchcraft, origin of belief in, 267; relationship betw. w. and demons, 267; the sex in w., 267, 342, 485; means of w., 268; protection against, 269; release from, 285, 657; causes of punishment by, 291.

Worship, tree worship compared with Hebrew-Phoenician Ashera cult, 689; symbolical in Bab., 689.

Xenophon, contemporary of Ctesias, 1.

Xisuthras, 505; see Adra-Khasis.

Yakhin, name of column in Solomon's temple, 624.

Zab, lower, tributary of Tigris, 192.

Zabu, king of Babylon, restores Shamash temple at Sippar, 117; restores Anunit temple at Agade, 117.

Zag-muk, festival of Bau, 59, 677; festival of Marduk, 127, 631, 678-9; festival of En-lil, 678; festival of Sin, 678; festival of Nana, 678; propitious time for asking oracles, 628-9; spring and fall the time of the z., 678; compared with Jewish New Year, 687.

Zakar, god, meaning of name, 172; place of worship, 172; "wall of Zakar," 172; relationship to Bel and Belit, 172.

Zamama, god of the 2d Bab. period, 168; sanctuary to Z. in Kish, 169; god of battle (identified with Ninib, 640), 169; Ninni his consort, 169; in incantations, 273; temple of Zamama-Ninib, 640.

Zarmu, son of Bau, 103.

Za-za-uru, son of Bau, 103.

Zikkurat, staged tower, 615; imitation of mountain, 615; house of oracle, 622; names of zikkurats, 638 ff.

Zodiac, z. system outcome of religious thought, 247, 434; zodiacal interpretation of the gods, 82, 310-1, 434, 462-3, 676; almost the entire zodiac known to the Babylonians, 456.

Zoroastrianism, 45.

Zu, personification of storm, 525, 537; myth of Zu, 537 ff.; compared with Tiamat epic, 543; explanation of name, 537; the chief worker of evil, 538; under the control of Shamash, 538; robs the tablets of fate, 540; conquered by Marduk, 542.

Zurghul, city in Babylonia, 578.



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