Sec. 261. fellow-parishioners; lit. 'members of your deme'. Each deme kept the register of citizens belonging to it. Enrolment was possible at the age of 18 years, and had to be confirmed by the Council. (See Aristotle, Constitution of Athens, chap. xiii.)

Sec. 262. collecting figs, &c. Two interpretations are possible: (1) that the spectators in derision threw fruit—probably not of the best—at Aeschines on the stage, and he gathered it up, as a fruiterer collects fruit from various growers, and lived on it; or (2) that while he was a strolling player, Aeschines used to rob orchards. Of these (1) seems by far the better in the context.

Sec. 267. _I leave the abysm_, &c. The opening of Euripides' _Hecuba_. The line next quoted is unknown. 'Evil in evil wise' ([Greek: kakon kak_os]) is found in a line of Lynceus, a fourth-century tragedian.

Sec. 282. denied this intimacy with him: or possibly (with the scholiast), 'declined this office.'

Sec. 284. the tambourine-player. Such instruments were used in orgiastic rites.

Sec. 285. Hegemon and Pythocles were members of the Macedonian party, who were put to death in 317 by order of the Assembly. (See Speech on Embassy, Sec.Sec. 215, 314.)

Sec. 287. same libation: i.e. the same banquet. The libation preceded the drinking. To 'go beneath the same roof' with a polluted person was supposed to involve contamination.

in the revel. Cf. Speech on the Embassy, Sec. 128. The reference, however, is here more particularly to Philip's revels after the battle of Chaeroneia, in which, Demosthenes suggests, the Athenian envoys took part.

Sec. 289. The genuineness of the epitaph is doubtful. Line 2 is singularly untrue. The text is almost certainly corrupt in places (e.g. ll. 3 and 10).

_their lives_, &c. As the text stands, [Greek: aret_es] and [Greek: deimatos] must be governed by [Greek: brab_e,], 'made Hades the judge of their valour or their cowardice.' But this leaves [Greek: ouk esa_osan psuchas] as a quasiparenthesis, very difficult to accept in so simple and at the same time so finished a form of composition as the epigram. There are many emendations.

_'Tis God's_, &c. The line, [Greek: m_eden hamartein esti the_on kai panta katorhthoun], is taken from Simonides' epitaph on the heroes of Marathon. The sense of the couplet is plain from Sec. 290; but [Greek: en biot_e] in l. 10 is possibly corrupt.

Sec. 300. the confederacy, i.e. Athens, Thebes, and their allies at Chaeroneia.

Sec. 301. our neighbours, especially Megara and Corinth.

Sec. 308. the inactivity which you, &c.: i.e. abstention from taking a prominent part in public life.

Sec. 309. opening of ports: i.e. to Athenian commerce.

Sec. 311. What pecuniary assistance, &c. Demosthenes is thinking of his own services in ransoming prisoners, &c. Some editors translate, 'What public financial aid have you ever given to rich or poor?' i.e. 'When have you ever dispensed State funds in such a way as to benefit any one?' It is impossible to decide with certainty between the two alternatives; but the meanings of [Greek: politike] ('citizen-like', 'such as one would expect from a good fellow-citizen') and [Greek: koine], which I assume, seem to be supported by Sec.Sec. 13 and 268 respectively.

Sec. 312. leaders of the Naval Boards. See Introd. to Speech on Naval Boards.

damaging attack, &c. This probably refers to modifications introduced on Aeschines' proposal into Demosthenes' Trierarchic Law of 340, not at the time of its enactment, but after some experience of its working. (See Aeschines, 'Against Ctesiphon,' Sec. 222.)

Sec. 313. Theocrines was a tragic actor, who was attacked in the pseudo- Demosthenic Speech 'Against Theocrines'. Harpocration's description of him as a 'sycophant', or dishonest informer, may be merely an inference from the Speech.

Sec. 318. your brother. See Speech on the Embassy, Sec.Sec. 237, 249. It is not known which brother is here referred to.

Sec. 319. Philammon was a recent Olympic victor in the boxing match; Glaucus, a celebrated boxer early in the fifth century.

Sec. 320. owner of a stud. To keep horses was a sign of great wealth in Athens.



INDEX

Abdera, i. Abydos, ii. Acarnania, Acarnanians, ii. Achaeans, ii. Acropolis, i.; ii. Adeimantus, i. Admiralty Board ([Greek: apostoleis]), ii. Aeacus, ii. Aegina, ii. Aeschines, i.; ii. Aetolia, Aetolians, ii. Agapaeus, ii. Aglaurus, temple of, i.; ii. Agyrrhius, i. Alcidamas, i. Alenadae, i. Alexander (480 B.C.), i.; ii. Alexander the Great, ii. Amadocus, i. Ambassadors, duties of, i. Ambracia, ii. Amphictyonic Council, its constitution and functions, i.; ii. from 346-343 B.C., i.; ii. and the Amphissean War, ii. Demosthenes at the, ii. Amphipolis, i.; ii. Amphissa, Amphissean War: see Amphictyonic Council. Anaximenes, i. Anaxinus, ii. Androtion, i. Anemoetas, ii. Antalcidas: see Peace. Anthemus, i. Antipater, i. Antiphon, i.; ii. Aphobetus, i. Apollodorus, i. Apollonia, ii. Apollonides, of Cardia, i. of Olynthus, ii. Apollophanes, i. Arcadia, Arcadians, i.; ii. (See also Megalopolis.) Areopagus, Council of, i.; ii. Argaeus, i. Argives, Argos, i.; ii. Ariobarzanes, i.; ii. Aristaechmus, ii. Aristides, i. Aristocrates, i. Aristodemus, i.; ii. Aristoleos, ii. Aristonicus, ii. Aristophanes, ii. Aristophon, i.; ii. Aristotle, i. Aristratus, of Naxos, ii. of Sicyon, ii. Arrhidaeus, i. Artabazus, i.; ii. Artaxerxes, i.; ii. (See also Persia.) Artemisia, i.; ii. Artemisium, ii. Arthmius, i.; ii. Arybbas, i.; ii. Asiatic Greeks, i.; ii. Assembly, the Athenian, its functions, character, and defects, i.; ii. debates in, i.; ii. (See also Athenian People.) Athenian People, their indifference and procrastination, i.; ii. their incalculability, i. their traditions and traditional policy, i.; ii. (See also Assembly, Democracy.) Atrestidas, i. Atrometus, i.; ii. Auditors, Board of (Logistae), i.; ii. Automedon, ii.

Balance of Power, principle of, i. Battalus, ii. Boedromia, i.; ii. Boeotia, i.; ii. (See also Thebes.) Boeotian War, ii. Brougham, Lord; Preface; i. Byzantium, i; ii.

Cabyle, ii. Callias (Author of Peace), i. (See also Peace.) (of Chalcis), ii. (public slave), i. Callisthenes, i.; ii. Callistratus, i.; ii. Cardia, Cardians, i.; ii. Caria, Prince of, i. (See also Artemisia, Mausolus.) Ceos, ii. Cephalus, ii. Cephisodotus, i.; ii. Cephisophon, ii. Cercidas, ii. Cersobleptes, i.; ii. Chabrias, i.; ii. Chaeroneia, battle of, ii. Chalcedon, i.; ii. Chalcidic League, i.; ii. Chalcis, ii. Chares, i.; ii. Charidemus, i.; ii. Chelidonian Islands, ii. Chersonese, i.; ii. (See also Cardia.) Chios, i.; ii. Cineas, ii. Cirrha, Cirrhaean plain, ii. Clearchus, i.; ii. Cleitarchus, i.; ii. Cleophon, i. Cleotimus, ii. Collytus, ii. Conon, i. Corcyra, i.; ii. Corinth, Corinthians, i.; ii. Corn-supply, &c. (Athenian), i.; ii. Coroneia, i.; ii. Corsia, i. Cos, i.; ii. Cottyphus, ii. Council, of Areopagus. (See Areopagus.) of Five Hundred, i.; ii. Crenides, i. Creon, i.; ii. Cresphontes, ii. Ctesiphon (negotiator of Peace), i.; ii. (indicted by Eubulus), i. (proposer of Crown), ii. Curse, public, i.; ii. Cyanean Rocks, ii. Cyprothemis, i. Cyrebion, i.; ii. Cyrsilus, ii. Cyrus, i.; ii.

Daochus, ii. Dardani, i. Deceleian War, ii. Deinarchus, ii. Delos, i.; ii. Delphi, temple at, i.; ii. Demades, i.; ii. Demaretus, ii. Democracy, and Oligarchy, i. and Tyranny, i.; ii. (See also Athenian People.) Demomeles, ii. Demosthenes (General), i.; ii. Dercylus, i. Diodorus, i. Dion, ii. Diondas, ii. Dionysia, i.; ii. Dionysius (General), i.; ii. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, i. Dionysus, ii. Diopeithes (General), ii. (of Sphettus?), ii. Diophantus, i.; ii. Diotimus, ii. Disunion of the Hellenes, i.; ii. Dium, i. Dodona, oracle of, ii. Dolopes, ii. Dorians of Parnassus, ii. Doriscus, i.; ii. Drongilum, ii. Drymus, i.

Echinus, ii. Egypt, i; ii. Elateia, i.; ii. Election by lot, i. Eleusis, ii. Elis, i.; ii. Elpias, ii. Embassies to Peloponnesian States, ii. Embassy, the First, i. the Second, i.; ii. (See also Peace of Philocrates.) the Third, i.; ii. Empusa, ii. Ephialtes, ii. Epichares, ii. Epicrates, i.; ii. (See also Cyrebion). Epirus, ii. Eretria, i.; ii. Ergiske, ii. Ergocles, i.; ii. Ergophilus, i.; ii. Erythraeans, ii. Etesian Winds, i.; ii. Euboea, Euboeans, i.; ii. Eubulus, i.; ii. Eucleides, i.; ii. Eudicus, ii. Euphraeus, ii. Eurybatus, ii. Eurylochus, i. Euripides, i. Euthycles, i. Euthycrates, i.; ii. Execcstus, i.

Festival Fund, i.; ii. Financial System (Athenian), i.; ii. (See also Military System, Naval System.) Fortifications, Commissioner of, ii. of Athens, ii. Fortune, i.; ii. Funeral Oration, after Chaeroneia, ii.

Geraestus, i.; ii. Getae, ii. Glaucothea, i.; ii. Glaucus, ii. Gods, and crime, i. and perjury, i. command issues of events, ii. protect Athens, i.; ii. Guest-friendship, ii.

Haliartus, i.; ii. Halonnesus, ii. Halus, i. Harmodius, i. Hedyleum, i.; ii. Hegemon, ii. Hegesilaus, i.; ii. Hegesippus, i.; ii. Hellespont, i.; ii. (See also Chersonese, Thrace.) Heracles, sacrifice to, i.; ii. Heraeon Teichos, i.; ii. Hero of the Lancet (Hero-Physician), i.; ii. Hierax, i. Hieronymus, i. Hipparchus, ii. Hipponicus, ii. Hypereides, i.; ii.

Iatrocles, i. Illyria, Illyrians, i.; ii. Imbros, i.; ii. Iphicrates, i.; ii. Isaeus, i. Ischander, i. Isocrates, i.; ii.

Lacedaemon, Lacedaemonians. (See Sparta, Spartans.) Lampsacus, i.; ii. Lasthenes, i.; ii. Larissa, i.; ii. Law-Courts, supremacy of, i.; ii. (See also Trials.) Legislative Commission, i.; ii. Lemnos, i.; ii. Leon, i.; ii. Leptines, i. Leucas, ii. Leuctra, battle of, i.; ii. Locrians, i.; ii. (See also Amphissa.) Logistae. (See Auditors.) Longinus, i. Lycophron, i. Lycurgus, ii.

Macedonian Empire, i. Magnesia, i.; ii. Mantineia, battle of, i.; ii. oligarchy in, ii. Marathon, i.; ii. battle of, i.; ii. Mardonius, ii. Maroneia, i. Masteira, ii. Mausolus, i. Mecyberna, i. Megalopolis, i.; ii. (See also Arcadia.) Megara, Megareans, i.; ii. Meidias, ii. Melantus, ii. Menecles, ii. Menelaus, i.; ii. Menippus, ii. Mercenaries, i.; ii. Messene, Messenians, i.; ii. Methone, i.; ii. Metroon, i.; ii. Military System (Athenian), i.; ii. (See also Mercenaries, Naval System.) Miltiades, i. Mnaseas, ii. Moerocles, i. Molon, i. Molossi, ii. Molossus, ii. Minos, ii. Mother, the Great, ii. Mountain, Sacred, i.; ii. Munychia, ii. Murder, Law of, ii. Myrtenum, ii. Myrtis, ii. 'Mysian booty,' ii. Mysteries, the, ii. Mytilene, i.

Naval Boards, i.; ii. Naval System (Athenian), i.; ii. (See also Financial System, Military System.) Naupactus, ii. Nausicles, ii. Neapolis, i. Neoptolemus, i.; ii. (another?), ii. Neon, ii. Neones, i.; ii. Nicaea, i.; ii. Nicias (General), i. (another), i. Ninus, ii.

Oenomaus, ii. Oligarchy, i.; ii. Olympian games, i. Olympias, ii. Olynthus, Olynthians, i.; ii. Onomarchus, i. Orators, corrupt and disloyal, i.; ii. and Speech on the Crown, passim. (See also Traitors.) difficulties and risks of, i.; ii. duties of, i.; ii. past and present Athenian, i.; ii. position of, in Athens, i.; ii. recriminations of, i.; ii. seeking popularity, i.; ii. Orchomenus, i.; ii. Oreus, i.; ii. Orontas, i.; ii. Oropus, i.; ii. Paeonians, i.; ii. Pagasae, i. Pammenes, i. Panactum, i.; ii. Panathenaea, i.; ii. Pangaeus, Mount, i. Parmenio, i. Peace of Antalcidas, i.; ii. of Callias, i.; ii. of Demades, ii. of Philocrates, i.; ii. Peitholaus, i. Peiraeus, i.; ii. Pella, i.; ii. Pelopidas, ii. Peparethus, ii. Periander, Law of, i. Perdiccas, ii. Pericles, i. Perillus, i.; ii. Perinthus, i.; ii. Persia, Persian King, i.; ii. Phalaecus, i.; ii. Pharsalus, i. Pherae, Pheraeans, i.; ii. Philammon, ii. Philiadas, ii. Philinus, ii. Philip, his advantages over Athens, i.; ii. his army, ii. his character, i.; ii. his policy, i.; ii. Philippi, i. Philippopolis, ii. Philo, i.; ii. Philochares, i. Philocrates (author of Peace), i.; ii. (another), ii. Philonicus, i. Philistides, ii. Phlius, Phliasians, i.; ii. Phocians, Phocis, i.; ii. Phocion, i.; ii. Phormio, ii. Phryne, ii. Phrynon, i. Phyle, i. Pirates, &c., ii. Pittalacus, i. Plataeae, i.; ii. (battle of), ii. Plutarchus, i.; ii. Pnyx, ii. Polyeuctus, ii. Polystratus, i.; ii. Porthmus, i.; ii. Poteidaea, i.; ii. Prisoners, ransom of, i.; ii. Proconnesus, ii. Proedroi, ii. Prophets, i.; ii. Proxenus, i.; ii. Prytanes, i.; ii. Ptoeodorus, i.; ii. Pydna, i.; ii. Pythian Games, i.; ii. Pythocles, i.; ii. Python, i.; ii.

Rhadamanthus, ii. Rhodes, Rhodians, i.; ii. River, battle by the, ii. Round Chamber, i.; ii.

Sabazios. (See Dionysus.) Sacred War, i. (See also Amphissean War.) Salamis, Salaminians, i.; ii. battle of, i.; ii. Samos, i.; ii. Satyrus, i. Schools (Athenian), i.; ii. Sciathus, i.; ii. Scyros, i. Scythia, ii. Selymbria, i.; ii. Serrhium, i.; ii. Sicyon, ii. Sigeum, i.; ii. Simonides, ii. Simus, ii. Simylus, ii. Smicythus, i.; ii. Socrates (of Oreus), ii. (actor), ii. Solon, i.; ii. Sophocles, i. Sosicles, ii. Sosistratus, ii. Sparta, Spartans, i.; ii. Stageira, i. Symmories. (See Naval Boards.)

Tamynae, ii. Tanagra, ii. Taurosthenes, ii. Taxation. (See Financial System.) Teledamus, ii. Tenedos, ii. Tetrarchies, ii. Tharrex, i.; ii. Thasos, i. Thebans, Thebes, i.; ii. Themison, ii. Themistocles, i.; ii. Theocrines, ii. Theodoras (actor), i. (of Oropus), ii. Theogeiton, ii. Theopompus, ii. Theoric Fund. (See Festival Fund.) Thermopylae, i.; ii. Theseus, temple of, ii. Thesmothetae, i.; ii. Thessalians, Thessaly, i.; ii. (See also Magnesia, Pagasae, Pharsalus, Pherae.) Thirty Tyrants, the, i.; ii. Thoas, ii. Thrace, Thracians, i.; ii. (See also Cersobleptes, Chersonese, Hellespont.) Thrason, ii. Thrasybulus, i.; ii. Thrasydaeus, ii. Thrasylochus, ii. Thucydides, i. Tigranes, i. Tilphossaeum, i; ii. 173. Timagoras, i.; ii. Timarchus, i.; ii. Timocrates, i. Timolaus, ii. Timomachus, i. Timotheus, i.; ii. Torone, i.; ii. Torture, i.; ii. Traitors, i.; ii. (See also Orators, corruption of.) Trials, Athenian (character and procedure), i. (See also Law-Courts.) Triballi, i.; ii. Tricaranum, i.; ii. Trierarchy. (See Naval Boards Naval System.) Triphylia, i.; ii. Tromes, ii.

Walls, the, i. Winter-battle, the, ii.

Xenocleides, i. Xenophron, i.

Zeleia, i.; ii.

THE END