A FAIR AND BUSINESS-LIKE OFFER TO THE AFFLICTED.

Reader, are you accustomed to think and act for yourself? Do you consult your own reason and best interests? If so, then do not heed the counsel of skeptical and prejudiced friends, or jealous physicians, but listen to what we have to say.

You perhaps know nothing of us, or our systems of treatment, or of the business methods we employ. You may imagine, but you know nothing, perhaps, of our facilities and advantages for performing cures in cases beyond the reach or aid of the general practitioner. Knowing nothing, then, of all these advantages, you still know as much as the would-be friend or physician who never loses an opportunity to traduce and misrepresent us, and prejudice the afflicted against us.

Now to the point—are you listening? Then permit us to state that we have the largest, the best, and the finest buildings of any like Association, company, or firm in this country. We employ more and better Medical and Surgical Specialists in our Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute than any similar Association, company, or individual, and actually have more capital invested. We have a thoroughly qualified and eminent Specialist for every disease that we treat. We treat more cases, and absolutely cure more patients than any similar institution in America. In addition to those we treat medically, we perform all the most difficult surgical operations known to the most eminent Surgeons, and so frequently do many of these operations occur with us that some of our Specialists have become the most expert and skillful Surgeons on this continent.

We wish to add further that we are responsible to you for what we represent; we therefore ask you to come and visit our institutions; and, if you find on investigation that we have misstated or misrepresented in any particular our institutions, our advantages, or our success in curing Chronic Diseases, we will gladly and promptly refund to you all the expenses of your trip. We court honest, sincere investigation, and are glad and anxious to show interested people what we can do and are daily doing for suffering humanity. Can a proposition be plainer? Can an offer be more fair and business-like? If, therefore, you are afflicted, and are seeking relief, come where genuine ability is a ruling feature, where success is our watchword and the alleviation of human suffering our mission.

Whether arriving in our city by day or night, come directly to the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, 663 Main Street, where you will be hospitably received and well cared for.

Address all correspondence to

WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 663 Main Street, BUFFALO, N.Y.

* * * * *



SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC OR LINGERING DISEASES.



For many years the founder of the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute and World's Dispensary has devoted himself very closely to the investigation and treatment of chronic diseases. Some few specifics have, during this time, been developed for certain forms of chronic ailments, and given to the public, but they have not been lauded as "cure-alls," or panaceas, but only recommended as remedies for certain well-defined and easily recognized forms of disease. These medicines are sold through druggists very largely, and have earned great celebrity for their many cures. So far from claiming that these proprietary medicines will cure all diseases, their manufacturers advise the afflicted that, in many complicated and delicate chronic affections, they are not sufficient to meet the wants of the case. These must have special consideration and treatment by a competent physician and surgeon, the medicines and other remedial means required being selected and prepared with reference to each particular case.

In order to be able to offer those afflicted with chronic ailments the most skillful medical and surgical services, Dr. Pierce, many years ago, associated with himself several eminent physicians and surgeons, as the Faculty of the old and renowned World's Dispensary, the consulting Department of which is now merged with the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute.

DIVISION OF LABOR.

In the organization of the medical and surgical staff of the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, several years ago, we assigned to one physician the examination and treatment of diseases of the nervous system; to another, surgical operations and the treatment of surgical diseases; a third had charge of catarrhal and pulmonary diseases and affections of the heart; a fourth attended to diseases peculiar to women; a fifth, to diseases of the eye and ear; a sixth, to diseases of the digestive organs; a seventh, to special surgical cases; to another we entrusted diseases of the urogenital organs; and to others, various other specialties. Now that our practice has become so very extensive as to require for its conduct a greatly increased number of physicians and surgeons. Thus four physicians and surgeons devote their undivided attention to the examination and treatment of diseases of the urinary and generative organs of men. Three physicians give their sole attention to diseases peculiar to women and three to those of the nasal organs, throat and chest, embracing all chronic diseases of the respiratory organs. Thus we have a full council of three and four physicians in these several specialties. In several other divisions we have two specialists. No case is slighted either in the examination or in the treatment. All doubtful, obscure or difficult cases are submitted to a council composed of several physicians and surgeons. Skilled pharmaceutists are employed to compound the medicines prescribed. For the purpose of enabling us to conduct our extensive correspondence (for we have an extensive practice en every part of the United States and Canada, as well as in Great Britain from our London branch), graphophones are employed, to which replies are dictated, recording the words of the speaker. Afterwards the letters are written out in full, generally on a type-writing machine, which prints them in a plain, legible style. These machines are operated as rapidly as a person can think of the letters which compose a word, each operator thus accomplishing the work of several copyists. This system, by which we are enabled to correspond with our patients as rapidly as we can talk, has been rendered necessary by the growth of our business, which has attained immense proportions, giving rise to so large a correspondence that a dozen physicians cannot possibly conduct it all and give each patient's case careful attention, without the employment of graphophones and all other facilities which modern invention has given us. By the adoption of these various means, we are enabled to fully meet the demands of the afflicted, and give every case the most careful attention.



As many persons, particularly young ladies and gentlemen, having catarrh or almost any other chronic disease, especially if of the urogenital organs, are very sensitive and fearful that somebody will know that they are afflicted and employing medical treatment, precautions are taken that none who consult us may incur the least risk of exposure. Although none but the most honorable and trustworthy gentlemen are employed as assistants, yet as a guarantee of perfect security to our patients, that every communication, whether made in person or by letter, will be treated as sacredly confidential, each professional associate, clerk, or assistant, is required to take a solemn oath of secrecy. Great care is also taken to send all letters and medicines carefully sealed in plain envelopes and packages, so that no one can even suspect the contents or by whom they are sent.

ADVANTAGES OF SPECIALTIES.

By thorough organization and a perfect system of subdividing the practice of medicine and surgery in this institution, every invalid consulting us is treated by a specialist—one who devotes his undivided attention to the particular class of diseases to which his or her case belongs. The advantage of this arrangement must be obvious. Medical science offers a vast field for investigation, and no physician can, within the limit of a single life-time, achieve the highest degree of success in the treatment of every malady incident to humanity. A distinguished professor in the medical department of one of our universities, in an address to the graduating class, recently said: "Some professional men seem to be ashamed unless they have the character of universal knowledge. He who falls into the error of studying everything will be certain to know nothing well. Every man must have a good foundation. He must, in the first place, be a good general practitioner. But the field has become too large to be cultivated in its entirety by any individual; hence the advantage of cultivating special studies in large towns, which admit of the subdivision of professional pursuits. It is no longer possible to know everything; something must be wisely left unknown. Indeed, a physician, if he would know anything well must be content to be profoundly ignorant of many things. He must select something for special study, and pursue it with devotion and diligence. This course will lead to success, while the attempt to do everything eventuates unavoidably in failure. Let there be single hands for special duties." Our institution is the only one in this country in which these common-sense-ideas are thoroughly carried out. The diversified tastes and talents of physicians cause each to excel in treating some one class of diseases, to which he devotes more attention and study than to others. One medical student manifests great interest in the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and treatment of diseases of the eye. He becomes thoroughly familiar with all the minutest details relative to that organ and its diseases, and so thoroughly qualifies himself in this branch of knowledge that he is able to cure an inflammation or other affection of the eye in a very short time. Another student is more interested in some other class of diseases, for the study of which he has a liking, and neglects to inform himself in the ophthalmic branch of medical and surgical science. If after engaging in the practice of his chosen profession, he is consulted by persons suffering from diseases of the eye, he tortures them with unnecessary and oftimes injurious applications, clumsily and carelessly made, and, as the result of such unskillful treatment, the inestimable blessing of sight may be sacrificed.



The great majority of physicians allow acute maladies, diseases of children, and the practice of midwifery, to engross most of their time and attention. They manifest an absorbing interest in everything that relates to these subjects, and devote little or no time to acquiring an intimate knowledge of the great variety of chronic maladies which afflict mankind. They acquire skill and reputation in their favorite line of practice, but are annoyed if consulted by one suffering from some obscure chronic affection, usually turn the invalid off with a very superficial examination, and, perhaps, only prescribe some placebo,[6] apparently indifferent as to the result, but really desiring thus to conceal their lack of familiarity with such diseases. The specialist, the treatment of chronic diseases being his vocation, is equally annoyed if consulted by those suffering from acute diseases, but does not pursue the inconsistent course of assuming to treat them. He refers them to those of his medical brethren whose daily dealings with such cases make them, in his way of thinking, more competent than himself to render valuable service to such sufferers. He recognizes the fact that no man is likely to succeed in any line of study or business for which he possesses no talent or relish, nor does he believe in being a "jack-at-all-trades and master of none."

ADVERTISING.

Having thoroughly qualified himself for the practice of some particular branch of the healing art, the specialist sees no impropriety in acquainting the public with his ability to relieve certain forms of suffering. He believes that medical men should possess equal rights with other business men, and that any code of medical ethics which would deprive him of any of the sacred rights guaranteed to all by the liberal laws of the country, is professional tyranny, and merits only his contemptuous disregard. Nor does he display any false modesty in the manner of making known his skill. He maintains that he has an undoubted right to place his claim to patronage before the public by every fair and honorable means. He recognizes the display of goods in the merchant's show-windows as no less an advertisement and in no better taste than the publication of a card in the newspaper. So, likewise, he regards the various devices by which the extremely ethical physician seeks to place himself conspicuously before the public, as but so many ways of advertising, and as not more modest than the publication of cures actually performed, or than his announcement through the public press of his professional resources for treating certain maladies.

The physician who expresses a "holy horror" of the "advertising doctor," liberally bestowing upon him the epithet of "quack," announces himself a graduate, talks learnedly and gives notice to the public in some way that he is ready to serve them. He endeavors to impress upon the mind of the patient and family his skill, frequently exaggerates as to the extent of his practice, rides furiously about when he has no professional calls, keeps up business appearances by driving several horses, or joins influential societies. He may make a great display in style, manner, dress, pretensions, writing for the newspapers, exhibiting literary pedantry, referring to the superior facilities afforded by some particular school or society to which he belongs; or by editing and publishing a medical journal, ostensibly for the advancement of medical science, but practically to display titles or professorships, to publish reports which flatteringly allude to cases he has treated, the number of capital surgical operations he has performed, or the distinguished families he is treating. All these are but modes of advertising professional wares; in short, are artful, though not refined, tricks, resorted to for private announcement. We say to all such adventurers in modern advertising diplomacy, that these indirect, clandestine methods are not half so candid and honorable as a direct public statement of the intentions and proposals of a medical practitioner, who thereby incurs an individual responsibility before the law and his fellow-men.

No good reason has ever been assigned why any well educated physician, trained in the school of experience until he becomes proficient in medical skill, may not publish facts and evidence to disclose it, especially when these are abundant and conclusive. The following extracts from an able article by the Rev. THOMAS K. BEECHER embodies a sound view of the subject of medical advertising. He says:

* * "I am glad that the doctor cured him; I am glad that the doctor put it in the paper that he could cure him. And if any doctor is certain that he can cure such diseases and don't put it in the paper, I am sorry. What a pity it would have been had this doctor come to town with his wealth of science and experience and gone away leaving him uncured! What a pity it would have been if he had been so prejudiced against advertising as to read the responsible certificate of the doctor and give him the go-by as a quack! What are newspapers for, if not to circulate information? What more valuable information can a newspaper give than to tell a sick man where he can be cured? If a man has devoted his life and labor to the study of a special class of diseases, the necessity of his saying so becomes all the more pressing. His duty to advertise becomes imperative.

"When I was in England, I found on all the dead walls of London, placards, declaring that Dean Stanley, Chaplain to the Prince of Wales, would preach at such a place; that his grace the Archbishop (I think) of Canterbury would preach at another time and place; again, that an Oxford professor would preach. In short, religious notices were sprinkled in among the theater bills, and the highest church dignitaries were advertised side by side with actors, singers, and clowns. Of course, I was shocked by it, but in a moment I bethought me—if it be all right and dignified to hire a sexton to ring a bell when the minister is going to preach, it is all the same to silence the bell and hire a bill-sticker to tell the same news, the essential thing being to tell the truth every time. The remedy for the lying advertisements is for honest men to tell the truth. 'When iniquity cometh in like a flood, then the spirit of the Lord lifts up the standard.' A really able man, whatever be his gifts, makes a great mistake if he fail to use those gifts through want of advertising."

If a physician possesses knowledge that enables him to remedy diseases heretofore regarded as incurable, what virtue or modesty is there to "hide his light under a bushel"? In this free country the people think and act for themselves, and hence all have a deep concern in the subject of health. The strong popular prejudice against the doctors who advertise is due to the fact, that by this method so many ignorant charlatans are enabled to palm off their worthless services upon the uneducated and credulous; but the practice of such imposition should not cause a presumption against the public announcement of real skill, for the baser metal bears conclusive evidence that the pure also exists.

Every step in scientific investigation, every proposition which relates to the interest and happiness of man, every statement and appeal involving a valuable consideration, must be submitted to the scrutiny and judgment of individual reason; for every person has the right to form his own conclusions, and justify them by experience. Those claims which are only supported by empty assertion are very doubtful. Misty theories vanish before the sun of truth. He who renders professional services cannot be successful, unless he be sustained by real merit.

TREATING PATIENTS WHO RESIDE AT A DISTANCE.

We can treat many chronic diseases as successfully without as with a personal consultation, as our vast experience enables us to correctly determine the malady from which the patient is suffering, from a history of the symptoms, and answers to questions furnished. We have not seen one person in five hundred of those whom we have cured.

Some may suppose that a physician cannot obtain, through correspondence, a sufficiently accurate idea of the condition of a patient to enable him to treat the case successfully; but a large experience in this practice has proved the contrary to be true, for some of the most remarkable cures have been effected through the medium of correspondence. In most long-continued cases, the patient has thought over his symptoms hundreds of times. The location of every pain, whether acute or mild, constant or occasional, and the circumstances under which it occurs, have been carefully noted. He has observed whether he had a rush of blood to the head, was feverish or chilly, whether troubled with cold hands and feet, whether full of blood, or pale and bloodless; and he states these matters with accuracy and common sense when writing to us, for he has a very good, if not a professional, knowledge of the relative importance of these symptoms. So in regard to digestion, he states what kinds of food agree with him, or whether he is troubled with excessive acidity or a flatulent condition of the stomach. He also informs us whether his tongue is coated and bilious, or clean and healthy, and gives many other particulars too various to enumerate, by which we are enabled to gain a perfect understanding of the case. If his description be not sufficiently complete to enable us to obtain a definite understanding of the case, he is requested to answer a list of important questions which are sent him. The people are far more intelligent in these matters than physicians are generally willing to admit. A patient is often confused while being personally examined by a physician, and gives imperfect or incorrect answers. After he has left the presence of the physician, he finds that he has failed to enumerate many of the most important symptoms. In consulting by letter, the patient is not embarrassed, he states the exact symptoms, and carefully reads over the letter to see if it is a complete and accurate description of his sufferings. In this way he conveys a much better idea of the case than if present in person, and subjected to the most thorough questioning and cross-examination. The timid lady and nervous young man write just as they feel; and one important reason why we have had such superior success in treating intricate and delicate diseases, is because we have obtained such true and natural statements of the cases from these letters, many of which are perfect pen-pictures of disease. As bank-tellers and cashiers, who daily handle large quantities of currency, can infallibly detect spurious money by a glance at the engraving or a touch of the paper, so the experienced physician, by his great familiarity with disease, becomes equally skilled in detecting the nature and extent of a chronic malady from a written description of its symptoms.

URINARY SIGNS.

A careful microscopical examination and chemical analysis of the urine is a valuable aid in determining the nature of many chronic diseases, particularly those of the nervous system, blood, liver, kidneys, bladder, prostate gland and generative organs. This important fact is not overlooked at the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, where an experienced chemist is employed to make such examinations and report the result to the attending physicians. Medical authors, professors, and practitioners of all schools, admit and even insist upon the importance of such examinations in diagnosticating diseases. Many practitioners neglect to take advantage of this invaluable aid, while others fear that if they attach much importance to such examinations they will be ranked with "uroscopian" or "water" doctors, a class of enthusiasts who claim to be able to correctly diagnosticate every disease by an examination of the urine. Persons consulting us and wishing to avail themselves of the advantages afforded by these examinations can send small vials of their urine by express. The vials should be carefully packed in saw-dust or paper and enclosed in a light wooden box. All charges for transportation must be prepaid, and a complete history of the case including the age and sex of the patient, must accompany each package, or it will receive no attention. This saves valuable time by directing the examination into the channels indicated, thus avoiding a lengthy series of experiments. As we are daily receiving numerous vials of urine, every sample should, to prevent confusion, be labeled with the patient's name.



There is a natural, definite proportion of the component elements of every solid and fluid of the human body. These proportions have been reduced to definite standards, a deviation from which affords evidence of disease. Thus, there being a fixed standard in a normal proportion of the elements of the blood, any deviation from it, as in anaemia, leucocythaemia, etc., indicates disease. So also the standard proportion of the urinary elements being known, any considerable change, either in quantity or quality of its parts, bears unmistakable evidence of disease. The invention of the microscope has provided increased facilities for detecting diseases by examination of the urine. By the aid of this wonderful instrument, we are enabled to discover with absolute certainty the various urinary deposits characteristic of different maladies; thus in Fig. 1, A represents in a general way the sediment of abnormal urine as seen under the microscope. In division B is represented oxalate of urea upon precipitation by oxalic acid. Nitrate of urea is represented in division C. A deficiency of urea in the urine, with albumen and casts present, is a most important guide in the diagnosis of Bright's disease. The average quantity of urea present during health is 21.57 parts in 1,000. The microscopic examination of the urine, notwithstanding the distaste, and even contempt, which many physicians manifest for such investigations, is pursued at the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, with inestimable benefit to our patients. It has revealed the existence of many serious affections, which, with all our other modes of investigation, we might have been unable to detect. It has also thrown light upon many obscure chronic diseases.



We have already spoken of the marked changes effected in the urine by a derangement of the digestive functions. It is a matter of surprise that physicians generally pay so little attention to the urine when dyspepsia is suspected, since all admit that an examination of that excretion furnishes unmistakable evidence of the nature and complications of the disease. In this way we are many times enabled to determine whether the indigestion is caused by congestion or functional disease of the liver or kidneys or by nervous debility. And when such cases are treated in accordance with the indications furnished, increased success attends our practice. In Fig. 2 highly magnified urinary deposits, which indicate impairment of the digestive functions, are represented. The crystals are composed of oxalate of lime and appear in the different forms shown in the five sections, of octahedral, decahedral, round and dumb bell shapes. The latter are formed in the kidneys, and are sometimes discovered adhering to casts.



INVALUABLE AIDS IN DETERMINING DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS AND BLADDER.



The various forms of gravel, Bright's disease of the kidneys, haematuria, inflammation of the kidneys and bladder, diabetes, and other functional and organic diseases of the urinary organs effect characteristic changes in the urine, thus enabling us to distinguish them with certainty and exactness. Some of the various microscopical appearances of the urinary deposits in diseases of the kidneys and bladder, are represented in Fig. 3. In division A is represented pus and mucus, with decomposition, indicating suppuration somewhere along the urinary tract. In B pus globules are alone represented. In the division marked C are shown blood corpuscles as they are arranged in blood drawn from a vein or artery. D represents the same separated, as they always are when present in the urine. In E highly magnified oil globules are represented. If present in the urine, they indicate disease of the kidneys. In F are represented epithelial cells, the presence of which in large numbers is indicative of diseases of the mucous lining of the urinary organs.

Fig. 4 represents the microscopic appearance of phosphates in the urine. These are present in great quantity in cases of nervous debility and kindred affections. By attaching the camera lucida to the microscope we can throw an image of these urinary deposits upon paper. By the art of the engraver this may be faithfully traced, and thus we are enabled to produce an accurate representation of them. Some of the beautiful crystalline deposits shown in Fig. 4 represent less than a millionth part of a grain, yet their forms are delineated with geometrical precision. Earthy phosphates are often mistaken for pus and also seminal fluid. Phosphates are always found in decomposed urine, otherwise they indicate brain affections, acute cystitis, etc. Experience has taught us that the voiding of urine loaded with phosphates is a forerunner of cystitis, or enlargement of the prostate gland, or both. In fact, persons so affected are "prone to serious consequences from mild attacks of almost any and every acute disease."



Fig. 5 represents the microscopic appearance of mixed urinary deposits. In division A is represented fermentation spores as they appear in diabetic urine. Pasteur asserts that the germs of this fungus get into the urine after it has been passed. Urates appear in division B. These indicate waste of flesh, as in fevers, consumption, prolonged physical efforts, etc. Division C pictures urates of ammonia. These appear in alkaline decomposition of the urine; it is isomeric with uric acid in acid urine. In division D is represented urate of soda, which is present in the tissues of persons suffering from gout. The crystals shown in division E consist of the same salt.



In Fig. 6, division A, is represented purulent matter as it appears in the urine. The formation of pus in different parts of the genitourinary system is accompanied by the appearance of pus corpuscles in the urine. When fat globules, represented in division B, are found in the urine, they indicate fatty degeneration. In division C are representations of the cells found in the urine of persons suffering from cystitis or other inflammatory diseases.



Fig. 7, divisions A and B, represent different forms of cystine. Fortunately this substance is rarely found in the urine. When present however it indicates liability to, or the actual presence of, a calculus or stone in the bladder. In division C is a representation of the deposits seen in the urine of those who are greatly debilitated. In division D are seen epithelial cells mixed with mucus.



In Fig. 8, division A, are represented the caudated cells from the deep structure of the bladder. The cells represented in division B are amyloid concretions, found where there is an enlarged prostate gland.

Fig. 9 represents the appearance of spermatozoa as seen in the urine. When present, they afford indisputable evidence of the escape of semen in the renal excretions.

We might add many other illustrations of urinary deposits and state their several indications, but a sufficient number has been introduced to show the importance and practical value of microscopic examinations of the urine in revealing obscure diseases.

Although the microscope is of inestimable value in examining the renal excretion, it does not entirely supersede other valuable instruments and chemical re-agents in determining constitutional changes. By the urinometer we determine the specific gravity of the urine; by the use of litmus its acid or alkaline reaction, is ascertained; while various chemicals, when added to it, produce certain specific changes, according to the morbid alterations which it has undergone by reason of disease. By the application of heat, or the addition of a few drops of nitric acid, the albumen, which is invariably present in Bright's disease of the kidneys, is coagulated. By the employment of other re-agents we may determine the presence of sugar—a characteristic of diabetic urine. And thus we might mention almost innumerable chemical tests by which the several changed conditions of the urine, characteristic of different diseases, may be ascertained with absolute certainty.

THE MOST EMINENT MEDICAL AUTHORITIES ENDORSE IT.

Dr. Eberle, a distinguished allopathic author, thus writes: "Whatever may be the disease, the urine seldom fails in furnishing us with a clue to the principles upon which it is to be treated."

Dr. Braithwaite also says: "We can arrive at a more accurate knowledge respecting the nature of diseases from examining the urine than from any other symptom."

Golding Bird, whose writings are regarded as sound and practical by the most learned of the medical profession, says: "The examination of the urine in disease is now regarded as one of the most important aids in diagnosis, and which it would be injurious alike to the welfare of the patient and the credit of the practitioner to avoid."



The eminent Dr. F. Simon writes as follows: "From the physical and chemical state of the urine, the attentive and observing physician may obtain a great quantity of information for ascertaining and establishing a diagnosis. More than all other signs, the correct examination of the sediment is of importance to the physician. * * * For the medical man it is the compass which guides him in the unlimited chaos of disease and its treatment; for the patient it is the thermometer of his condition, the premonitory indication of the decrease or aggravation of his malady; and for the healthy man it is the regulator of his diet and his life. Every one is aware of the variations of the barometer, and we know that the fluctuations of the column of mercury are closely associated with the variable conditions of the atmosphere; so, to the practical observer, variations of the urine, as well as the elements composing it, point out with certainty the changes in health, and the condition of the organs."

While we recognize the importance of examining the urine as an aid in distinguishing diseases, and have made this old German method of diagnosis a special study, yet we do not claim that all diseases can be unmistakably distinguished by such examinations alone. We take a conservative position and have no confidence in that class of ignorant fanatics whose pet hobby is "uroscopy."

From every person who solicits our professional services, we require explicit answers to numerous important questions, that we may know the age, sex, vocation, etc., as well as the prominent symptoms manifested.

CONSULTATIONS BY LETTER.

Formerly, we published in this book a very extensive list of questions to be answered by those consulting us, but a large experience has convinced us that beyond requiring answers to a few leading questions, which we still retain, it is better to let the patient describe the malady in his or her own way and language. After receiving and considering such a history, if we do not fully understand the patient's malady, we will ask such further questions as may be necessary. The patient should, however, in addition to writing name, post-office, county, and state, plainly, state the name of the town containing the nearest express office. Next give age, sex, whether married or single, complexion, height, present and former weight, if known, and occupation. State also if you have been a hard worker, and whether it is necessary for you to labor hard now, how long you have been out of health, and from what particular symptoms you suffer most. Follow this with a history of your case in your own language. If you find in this volume an accurate description of your disease, state the page and paragraph where it occurs.

FREE CONSULTATION.

We now make no charge for consultation by letter, but, instead of the one dollar formerly charged by us as a consultation fee, as we are desirous of making our facilities for treatment known to invalids far and near, we request that all persons writing to us for advice send us the names of all those within the circle of their acquaintance who are in any way in need of medical or surgical treatment for chronic diseases. If convenient, send the list on a separate piece of paper.

CHARGES MUST BE PREPAID.

Should you send a vial of urine for analysis, about a cupful will do, and all express charges on it must be prepaid. All liquids are excluded from the mails, when discovered, and yet we have received hundreds of samples through the mails safely when put in homoeopathic or other very small vials, well corked and carefully packed in a light tin can or wooden box, or in a light pine stick bored out hollow, the vial being carefully packed in sufficient saw-dust or blotting paper to absorb all liquid should the vial get broken. Letter postage, that is, two cents for each one ounce or fraction thereof, must be paid upon these sealed packages. Send the first urine that is passed after rising in the morning.

RELIABLE MEDICINES.

Next in importance to a correct understanding of the patient's disease, is the possession of reliable remedies for its treatment. Many of the medicines employed by physicians engaged in general practice are prepared from old drugs that have lost all their medicinal virtues, and hence are utterly useless and ineffectual. Many vegetable extracts are inert, because the plants from which they are produced were not gathered at the proper time. To give the reader an idea of the great care which we exercise in the selection and preparation of our medicines, he is requested to read under the head of "The Preparation of Medicines," in "The People's Common Sense Medical Adviser."

OUR TERMS FOR TREATMENT

require the payment of monthly fees, in advance, which entitles the patient to medicines specially prepared for and adapted to his or her particular case, and to all necessary attention and advice. Our fees for treatment are moderate, varying according to the nature and requirements of each particular case, and will be made known at the time of consultation.

WHY OUR FEES ARE REQUIRED IN ADVANCE.

We receive applications from strangers residing in all parts of America, and even in foreign countries, and it is not reasonable to suppose that credit could be dispensed so indiscriminately. It would not be a correct business transaction for a merchant to send a barrel of sugar or a roll of cloth to a stranger living hundreds of miles away, to be paid for when used. Our knowledge and medicines constitute our capital in business, and an order upon that capital should be accompanied with an equivalent. Some applicants refer us to their neighbors for a testimonial of their integrity. We cannot spare the time or employ assistants to make such inquiries for the sake of trusting any one. Should credit be thus indiscriminately given, there would necessarily be losses, and, to compensate for these, and the extra expense incurred by the employment of assistants, our fees would have to be much larger, thereby imposing the burden upon those who do pay. Instead of following this method of procedure, we place professional services within the reach of all, so that a greater number may be benefited. Many invalids say that they have paid large sums of money to medical men for treatment without obtaining relief. Unfortunately our land is cursed with quacks and unprincipled practitioners, who seek no one's good but their own, and it is a defect in our law that it permits such swindlers to go unpunished. Not so reprehensible is the family physician who fails, because his limited and varied practice does not permit him to become proficient in treating chronic diseases.

The following beautiful sentiment of Hood truthfully expresses the sacredness of the physician's trust:

"Above all price of wealth The body's jewel. Not for minds or hands profane To tamper with in practice vain. Like to a woman's virtue is man's health; A heavenly gift within a holy shrine! To be approached and touched with serious fear, By hands made pure and hearts of faith severe, E'en as the priesthood of the One Divine."

We are in regular practice, responsible for what we say and do, and cordially invite those who desire further evidence of our success in curing chronic diseases to come to the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute and satisfy themselves of the truthfulness of our statements.

We are warranted in saying that our responsibility and disposition for fair dealing are known to many of the principal mercantile houses, as well as to all prominent American editors. We also refer to our present and former patients, one or more of whom may be found in almost every hamlet of America. To all who are under our treatment we devote our highest energies and skill, fully realizing that an untold blessing is conferred upon every person whom we cure, and that such cures insure the permanency of our business. On the contrary, we realize how unfortunate it is for us to fail in restoring to health any person whom we have encouraged to hope for relief. We are careful, therefore, not to assume the treatment of incurable cases, except when desired to do so for the purpose of mitigating suffering or prolonging life; for we never wish to encourage false hopes of recovery.

TERMS FOR BOARD AND TREATMENT AT THE INVALIDS' HOTEL AND SURGICAL INSTITUTE

are moderate, varying with the nature of the case and the apartments occupied. At times so great is the number applying to avail themselves of the skill of our Faculty, and the advantages which our institution affords, that we are unable to receive all applicants. To be sure of securing good apartments, it is well to engage them sometime ahead, and make an advance payment of fifty dollars or more upon them, which will be refunded in case acute sickness or any similar cause should prevent the patient from occupying them at the time specified. Complete terms for treatment and board can be arranged only when personal application for entrance to the institution is made, and the nature and extent of the disease and the necessary treatment fully determined by personal examination of the case. If satisfactory terms and arrangements cannot at that time be agreed upon, or if the case be deemed incurable, any advance payments that have been made to secure good apartments will be promptly refunded.

SPECIAL ADVICE.

Those coming here to consult us personally, should bring the money to pay for our services and for board and care while remaining here, in the form of drafts on New York City, Boston or Chicago, and not in the form of checks on a local or home bank. Such drafts can be purchased in the home bank by paying a small amount for the exchange. If more convenient, post office orders payable at Buffalo post office will do.

VISITING PATIENTS WHO RESIDE AT A DISTANCE.

We are frequently asked to visit patients residing hundreds of miles away, that we may personally examine their cases, or perform difficult surgical operations. We can seldom comply with such requests as the time of our professional Staff is generally very fully occupied.

TO PHYSICIANS

wishing to consult us in intricate cases of chronic diseases under their treatment, we desire to say that we shall, as in the past, take pleasure in responding to their solicitations. We have all the necessary instruments and appliances required in executing the most difficult surgical operations, and, as we have had much experience in this department, we are always ready and able to assist physicians who do not practice operative surgery. In this age of railways and telegraphs medical and surgical aid can be summoned from a distance and promptly obtained.

OUR MEDICINES

as put up for sale through druggists, are not recommended as "cure-alls," or panaceas, but only as superior remedies for certain common and easily-recognized diseases. They are our favorite prescriptions, improved and perfected by long study and a vast experience in the treatment of chronic diseases, and have gained world-wide celebrity and sale. We are well aware that there are many chronic diseases that can only be successfully treated and cured by careful adaptation of remedies to each individual case. This is especially true of the ever-varying and delicate diseases of the kidneys and bladder. It is not less so with reference to nervous debility, involuntary vital losses, with which so many young and middle-aged men are afflicted; and we may also include in this list epilepsy or fits, paralysis or palsy, obstinate gleety discharges, and many other chronic and delicate ailments of which our staff of physicians and surgeons cure annually many thousands of cases, but for which we do not recommend any of our put-up, ready-made, or proprietary medicines.

NO RELATIONSHIP WITH HUMBUGS.

Had our put-up or proprietary medicines, as sold by druggists the world over, been adapted to all classes and forms of chronic diseases, there would have been no necessity for our organizing a competent staff of physicians and surgeons to act as experts in the treatment of difficult, obscure, and complicated cases of chronic diseases. That we keep constantly employed, in our Buffalo and London institutions, eighteen medical gentlemen, with such helpers as chemists, clerks, etc., is indisputable proof that the medicines we offer for sale through druggists should not be classed with the humbug nostrums recommended to cure everything. They are the outgrowth of our vast and extended practice in the treatment of chronic diseases; are well-tried, world-famed, and honest medicines. They are not unduly puffed and lauded, but simply recommended for such diseases as are easily recognized and which they are known to cure.

NOT CONFINED IN PRESCRIBING

Our physicians, in the treatment of cases consulting us, prescribe just such medicines as are adapted to each particular case. They are not confined in the least to our list of a few put-up or proprietary medicines (valuable as they are when applicable to the case) but resort to the whole broad range of the materia medica, employed by the most advanced physicians of the age. They are not hampered by any school, ism or "pathy."

OUR MEDICINES PREPARED WITH THE GREATEST CARE.

The medicines employed are all prepared in our own Laboratory by skilled chemists and pharmacists, and the greatest care is exercised to have them manufactured from the freshest and purest ingredients. Our Faculty probably employ a greater number and variety of native roots, barks, and herbs, in their practice then are used in any other invalids' resort in the land. Using vast quantities of these indigenous medicines, we can afford and do not neglect to have them gathered with great care, at the proper seasons of the year, so that their medicinal properties may be most reliable. Too little attention is generally paid to this matter, and many failures result from the prescribing of worthless medicines by physicians who have to depend for their supplies upon manufacturers who are careless or indifferent in obtaining the crude plants and roots from which to manufacture their medicines for the market. While depending largely upon solid and fluid extracts of native plants, roots, barks, and herbs, in prescribing for disease, yet we do not use them to the exclusion of other valuable curative drugs and chemicals. We aim to be unprejudiced and independent in our selection of remedies, adopting at all times a rational system of therapeutics. This liberal course of action has, in a vast experience, proved most successful.

WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 663 MAIN STREET, BUFFALO, N.Y.

* * * * *



PRESIDENT GARFIELD'S

ENDORSEMENT OF THE

INVALIDS' HOTEL AND SURGICAL INSTITUTE

AND ITS FOUNDER.

The following letter from an eminent lawyer of Tennessee, is noteworthy, inasmuch as it shows the estimation in which Dr. Pierce and the institutions which he has founded were held by the lamented Garfield, who was one of the Doctor's intimate friends and colleagues while he was serving as a member of Congress:

OFFICE OF H.F. COLEMAN, ATTORNEY AT LAW, SNEEDVILLE, TENN., Aug. 11, 1884

World's Dispensary Medical Association, 663 Main St., Buffalo, N.Y.

GENTLEMEN:—Your letter of the 31st ult. just received and contents noted. I am perfectly satisfied with the explanation, and ask pardon for the sharp letter written you some days since. The mails are very irregular, as you know, and we are too apt to be impatient and attribute our mishaps to the wrong cause. Your honesty, integrity and ability are not doubted in the least by me.

I have, perhaps, a higher endorsement of you than any other patient under your care, and for your gratification I will give it to you.

Some time since I was in conversation with Congressman Pettibone, of this State, when the following conversation took place: "You say," said the Major, "that you have visited Dr. Pierce's medical establishment in Buffalo, New York?" "Yes, sir, I did." "You found everything as represented?" "Yes, sir, as was represented, and which I assure you was quite encouraging to a man who had traveled as far as I had to visit an institution of that kind." "That man, Dr. Pierce," said the Major, "is one of the best men of the times. While at Washington, during my first term," he continued, "one day I was in President Garfield's room and a fine-looking, broad-foreheaded gentleman came in, and President Garfield arose and took him by the hand and said, 'Good morning, Doctor, I am so glad to see you,' and then turned and introduced him to me as Dr. Pierce, of Buffalo, New York. Knowing the Doctor by reputation, and having seen his pictures, I at once recognized him. He, in a short time, left the room, and Garfield said to me, 'Major, that is one of the best men in the world, and he is at the head of one of the best medical institutions in the world.'"

With this high endorsement, I have unbounded confidence in your integrity and ability.

Very truly yours, H.F. COLEMAN.

* * * * *

NOTICES OF THE PRESS.

* * * * *

OUR PROFESSIONAL STAFF.

The Buffalo Evening News says: "Each and every member of the medical and surgical staff of the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute is a graduate in medicine and surgery from one or more legally chartered medical colleges, and several of the members have had many years of experience as army surgeons, and in hospital and general as well as in special practice. One is a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh; licentiate of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons, Glasgow; licentiate of midwifery, Glasgow; member of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, England; extraordinary member of the Royal Medical Society, Edinburgh, etc. Another is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia; another of the New York Medical College; another of the Buffalo Medical College, and of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York; another of Cincinnati Medical College, and of the University of New York; another from Buffalo Medical College, and diplomas from all these institutions, as well as from many others equally noted, can be seen at the offices of this institution, if any one feels any interest in them."

* * * * *

FROM THE "ROMAN CITIZEN," (ROME, N.Y.).

THE INVALIDS' HOTEL AND SURGICAL INSTITUTE.

One of the most extensive institutions in this country for the treatment of chronic ailments is the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute at Buffalo, under the control of the World's Dispensary Medical Association, of which Dr. R.V. PIERCE is President. The hotel itself is a wonderful affair, combining all the comforts and conveniences of a luxurious home with the most complete facilities for the successful treatment of all chronic diseases incident to humanity. Dr. PIERCE has a world-wide fame as a skillful practitioner, and his corps of assistants comprises many physicians and surgeons of great ability and large experience in the treatment of chronic and surgical diseases. Those who have been treated by the Association are loud in their praises, and we understand that the number of its patients increases with each succeeding year. The country is full of people who have been "doctoring" year after year without successful results, and the probabilities are that in a majority of such cases a few months spent at the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute in the care of its medical experts, would result in material and permanent benefit.

* * * * *

FROM THE WASHINGTON (D.C.) CHRONICLE.

ONE OF THE ATTRACTIONS AT BUFFALO.

In the enterprising city of Buffalo some eminent and capable professional people have established an "Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute," under the comprehensive direction and control of the "World's Dispensary Medical Association" at 663 Main Street, in that beautiful city. This Institute is organized with a full staff of eighteen physicians and surgeons, and the hotel is exclusively devoted to treatment of chronic diseases. This corps of doctors make a specialty of chronic maladies, and the Institute is reputed to have abundant skill, facilities and apparatus for the successful treatment of every form of chronic ailment, whether requiring for its cure medical or surgical means.

The building occupied is a massive one of five stories.

* * * * *

FROM THE MISSOURI REPUBLICAN (ST. LOUIS).

A REMARKABLE PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS.

Among the notable professional men of this country who have achieved extraordinary success is Dr. R.V. PIERCE, of Buffalo, N.Y. The prominence which he has attained has been reached through strictly legitimate means, and so far, therefore, he deserves the enviable reputation which he enjoys. This large measure of success is the result of a thorough and careful preparation for his calling, and extensive reading during a long and unusually large practice, which has enabled him to gain high commendation, even from his professional brethren. Devoting his attention to certain specialties of the science he has so carefully investigated, he has been rewarded in a remarkable degree. In these specialties he has become a recognized leader. Not a few of the remedies prescribed by him have, it is said, been adopted and prescribed by physicians in their private practice. His pamphlets and larger works have been received as useful contributions to medical knowledge. He has recently added another, and perhaps more important work, because of more general application, to the list of his published writings. This book, entitled "The People's Common Sense Medical Adviser," is designed to enter into general circulation. For his labors in this direction, Dr. PIERCE has received acknowledgments and honors from many sources, and especially scientific degrees from two of the first medical institutions in the land. His works have been translated into the German, Spanish, French, and other foreign languages.

* * * * *

FROM THE TOLEDO BLADE.

Dr. PIERCE has now been before the general public long enough to enable the formation of a careful estimate of the efficiency of his treatment and his medicines, and the verdict, we are glad to know, has been universally favorable to both.

* * * * *

FROM THE ST. LOUIS GLOBE.

THE SUCCESSFUL PHYSICIAN.

Dr. PIERCE is a type of a class of men who obtain success by careful and well-directed effort, not attempting too much, nor creating false ideas as to ability. The only reliable physician, in these days of complicated disorders and high-pressure living, is the "Specialist," the man who understands his own branch of the business. Such, in his line, is Dr. Pierce. He has written a "Common Sense Medical Adviser," which is well worth reading. With strict business honor, high professional skill, reasonable fees, and a large corps of competent assistants Dr. Pierce has made his name as familiar as "household words."

* * * * *

From the Rocky Mountain Herald.

Dr. R.V. PIERCE, the greatest American specialist, and proprietor of the World's Dispensary, Buffalo, N.Y., has sent us his new book entitled "The People's Common Sense Medical Adviser," which is a handsome, large volume, elegantly got up, with hundreds of wood-cuts and colored plates, and a complete cyclopedia of medical teachings for old and young of both sexes. It has every thing in it, according to the latest scientific discoveries, and withal is wonderfully commomensical in its style and teachings.

* * * * *

From the Lafayette Daily Courier.

Dr. R.V. PIERCE, of Buffalo, distinguished in surgery, and the general practice of the profession he honors, has made a valuable contribution to the medical literature of the day, in a comprehensive work entitled "The People's Common Sense Medical Adviser." While scientific throughout, it is singularly free from technical and stilted terms. It comes right down to the common-sense of every-day life, and, to quote from the author himself, seeks to "inculcate the facts of science rather than the theories of philosophy." This entertaining and really instructive work seems to be in harmony with the enlarged sphere of thought, as touching the open polar sea of evolution. He considers man in every phase of his existence, from the rayless atom to the grand upbuilding of the noblest work of God. Dr. PIERCE is a noble specimen of American manhood. He has sprung from the people, and with many sympathies in common with the masses, has sought to render them a substantial service in this the great work of his life.

* * * * *

From the New York Independent.

LAURELS FOR TRUE WORTH.

"A wise physician, skill'd our wounds to heal, Is more than armies to the public weal."

To be honored in his own land is the crowning blessing of the man who has been "the architect of his own fortune"—the man who has made for himself, with his own hands and brain, a princely fortune and an enduring fame. From COMLEY'S History of New York State, containing biographical sketches of the men who "have given wealth, stamina, and character" to the Empire State, we clip the following brief sketch of the distinguished physician, Dr. R.V. PIERCE, of Buffalo: "Every nation owes its peculiar character, its prosperity—in brief, every thing that distinguishes it as an individual nation,—to the few men belonging to it who have the courage to step beyond the boundaries prescribed by partisanship, professional tradition, or social customs. In professional no less than in political life there occasionally arise men who burst the fetters of conventionalism, indignantly rejecting the arbitrary limits imposed upon their activity, and step boldly forward into new fields of enterprise. We call these men self-made. The nation claims them as her proudest ornaments—the men upon whom she can rely, in peace for her glory, in war for her succor. Of this class of men the medical profession has furnished a distinguished example in the successful and justly-celebrated physician, Dr. R.V. PIERCE, of Buffalo, N.Y., and any history treating of the industries of the Empire State would be incomplete without a sketch of his useful and earnest work. * * * Specially educated for the profession which he so eminently adorns, he early supplemented his studies by extensive and original research in its several departments. He brought to his chosen work acute perceptive and reflective powers, and that indomitable energy that neither shrinks at obstacles nor yields to circumstances. In physique, Dr. PIERCE is an ideal type of American manhood. Of medium stature, robust, his appearance is characterized by a healthful, vigorous vitality, while the full, lofty brow and handsomely cut features are indicative of that comprehensive mental power and remarkable business sagacity which have combined to place him among the distinguished men of the age. * * * As an earnest worker for the welfare of his fellow-men, Dr. PIERCE has won their warmest sympathy and esteem. While seeking to be their servant only, he has become a prince among them. Yet the immense fortune lavished upon him by a generous people he hoards not, but invests in the erection and establishment of institutions directly contributive to the public good, the people thus realizing, in their liberal patronage, a new meaning of the beautiful Oriental custom of casting bread upon the waters. Noted in both public and private life for his unswerving integrity and all those sterling virtues that ennoble manhood, Dr. PIERCE ranks high among those few men whose names the Empire State is justly proud to inscribe upon her roll of honor." Dr. PIERCE has lately erected a palatial Invalids' Hotel for the reception of his patients, at a cost of over half a million dollars.

* * * * *

A MAN OF THE TIME.

Speaking of Dr. R.V. PIERCE, the Buffalo (N.Y.) Commercial says: "He came here an unknown man, almost friendless, with no capital except his own manhood, which, however, included plenty of brains and pluck, indomitable perseverance, and inborn uprightness, capital enough for any man in this progressive country, if only he has good health and habits as well. He had all these great natural advantages, and one thing more, an excellent education. He had studied medicine and been regularly licensed to practice as a physician. But he was still a student, fond of investigation and experiment. He discovered, or invented, important remedial agencies or compounds. Not choosing to wait wearily for the sick and suffering to find out (without any body to tell them) that he could do them good, he advertised his medicines and invited the whole profession of every school, to examine and pronounce judgment on his formulas. He advertised liberally, profusely, but with extraordinary shrewdness, and with a method which is in itself a lesson to all who seek business by that perfectly legitimate means. His success has been something marvelous—so great, indeed, that it must be due to intrinsic merit in the articles he sells, more even than to his unparalleled skill in the use of printer's ink. The present writer once asked a distinguished dispensing druggist to explain the secret of the almost universal demand for Dr. PIERCE'S medicines. He said they were in fact genuine medicines—such compounds as every good physician would prescribe for the diseases which they were advertised to cure. Of course, they cost less than any druggist would charge for the same article, supplied on a physician's prescription, and, besides, there was the doctor's fee saved. Moreover, buying the drugs in such enormous quantities, having perfect apparatus for purifying and compounding the mixture, he could not only get better articles in the first place, but present the medicine in better form and cheaper than the same mixture could possibly be obtained from any other source.

* * * * *

Extracts from Biographical Sketches of New York Senators.

At the age of eighteen, he (Dr. PIERCE) entered a medical school, and proved a devoted student, graduating at twenty-three with the highest honors. A simple knowledge of the routine of practice as then in vogue, was not enough. He sought new means of healing, and explored "schools" of practice that were prohibited by his sect. He denounced errors in the prevailing "schools" and accepted truths belonging to those prohibited. Every one knows how such daring and destructive innovations are regarded by the medical profession generally. Dr. PIERCE was no exception to the rule. But he paid no attention to detraction, pursuing his own way with that energy which proves now to be a most excellent ally of his medical instincts.

The World's Dispensary is to-day the greatest institution of its kind in the world. More than two hundred persons are employed, eighteen being skillful physicians and surgeons, each devoting himself to a special branch of the profession, all acting together when required, as a council. The printing department of the Dispensary is larger than the similar department of any paper outside of the New York Herald.

* * * * *

From The New York Times.

WELL-MERITED SUCCESS.

The author of "The People's Medical Adviser" is well-known to the American public as a physician of fine attainments, and his Family Medicines are favorite remedies in thousands of our households. As a counselor and friend, Dr. PIERCE is a cultured, courteous gentleman. He has devoted all his energies to the alleviation of human suffering. With this end in view and his whole heart in his labors, he has achieved marked and merited success. There can be no real success without true merit. That his success is real, is evidenced by the fact that his reputation, as a man and physician, does not deteriorate; and the fact that there is a steadily increasing demand for his medicines, proves that they are not nostrums, but reliable remedies for disease. The various departments of the World's Dispensary in which his Family Medicines are compounded and his special prescriptions prepared, are provided with all modern facilities.

* * * * *

The New York Tribune says:

"The American mind is active. It has given us books of fiction for the sentimentalist, learned books for the scholar and professional student, but few books for the people. A book for the people must relate to a subject of universal interest. Such a subject is the physical man, and such a book 'The People's Common Sense Medical Adviser,' a copy of which has been recently laid on our table. The high professional attainments of its author,—Dr. R.V. PIERCE, of Buffalo, N.Y.,—and the advantages derived by him from an extensive practice, should alone insure for his work a cordial reception." Price $1.50, post-paid. Address, WORLD'S DISPENSARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, Buffalo, N.Y.

* * * * *

From The Boston Daily Globe.

A CURE FOR MANY EVILS.

What can be accomplished by judicious enterprise, when backed up by ability and professional skill, is shown by the magnificent buildings of the World's Dispensary and the Invalids' Hotel and Surgical Institute, at Buffalo. While models of architectural beauty and completeness, their real worth and usefulness consist rather in the humanitarian objects they are made to serve. They stand superior to all institutions of their kind, not only in material proportions but as well in the medical knowledge and practical experience of those connected with them. In each department are those and those only who by natural bent and training are specially adapted to combating their particular class of "the ills which flesh is heir to."



VOCABULARY

OF THE

COMMON SENSE MEDICAL ADVISER,

GIVING EACH TECHNICAL WORD EMPLOYED, REFERRING TO ITS IMAGES/ADVISE WHEN POSSIBLE, AND IN CASE THE WORD WILL NOT PERMIT OF A SHORT DEFINITION, REFERRING TO THE PAGE WHERE A FULL DESCRIPTION OF ITS MEANING MAY BE FOUND.

A

ABDOMEN. The part of the body between the diaphragm and pelvis, containing the stomach, intestines, etc. The belly.

ABDOMINAL. Belonging to the Abdomen.

ABORTION. Expulsion of the foetus before the seventh month of pregnancy.

ABSORPTION. The function of taking up substances from within or without the body.

ACETABULUM. The bone socket which receives the head of the thigh bone.

ACNE. Pimples upon the face, more common at the age of puberty.

ADIPOSE TISSUE. A thin membrane composed of cells which contain fat.

ADVENTITIOUS. Acquired.

ALBUMEN IN URINE in chemical composition resembles the white of an egg, and is detected by the application of heat, nitric acid, etc.

ALBUMINOID. Of the nature of albumen.

ALBUMINURIA. A condition or disease in which the urine contains albumen. (See above.)

ALIMENTARY CANAL. The canal extending from the mouth to the anus, through which the food passes.

ALLOPATHY. Allopathic school. Defined on page 293.

ALTERATIVE. A medicine which gradually changes the constitution, restoring healthy functions.

ALVEOLAR PROCESS. The bony structure which contains the sockets of the teeth.

AMAUROSIS. Loss or decay of sight from disease of the optic nerve.

AMENORRHEA. Suppression of the menses.

AMNION. A membrane enveloping the foetus and the liquid.

AMPUTATION. The operation of cutting off a limb.

AMYLOID DEGENERATION. Alteration in the texture of organs, which resembles wax or lard.

AMYLOIDS. Foods composed of carbon and hydrogen; as sugar, starch, etc.

ANAEMIA. Privation of blood. Lack of red corpuscles in the blood.

ANASARCA. Dropsy attended with bloating all over the body.

ANATOMY. The science of the structure of the body.

ANESTHETIC. An agent that prevents feeling in surgical operations, and in some diseases of a painful nature.

ANGINA (PECTORIS). Violent pain about the heart, attended with anxiety and difficult breathing.

ANIMALCULA, ANIMALCULE. An animal so small as to be invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye.

ANODYNES. Medicines which relieve pain.

ANTEVERSION. The womb falling forward upon the bladder. Illus. p. 716.

ANTHELMINTICS. Medicines which destroy or expel worms from the stomach and intestines.

ANTIDOTE. A remedy to counteract the effect of poison.

ANTIFEBRILE. A remedy which abates fever.

ANTIPERIODIC. A remedy which prevents the regular appearance of similar symptoms in the course of a disease.

ANTISEPTIC. Medicines which prevent putrefaction.

ANTISPASMODICS. Medicines which relieve spasm.

ANUS. The circular opening at the end of the bowel, through which the excrement leaves the body.

AORTA. The great artery of the body arising from the heart. Illus. page 58.

APERIENT. A medicine which moves the bowels gently.

APHTHAE. Sore mouth, beginning in pimples and ending in white ulcers.

APHTHOUS. Complicated with aphthae.

APNOEA. Short, hurried breathing.

APOPLEXY. The effects of a sudden rush of blood to an organ; as the brain, lungs, etc. Brain pressure, from rupture of a blood-vessel.

AQUEOUS HUMOR. The clear fluid contained in the front chambers of the eye.

ARACHNOID. A thin, spider-web like membrane covering the brain.

AREOLAR TISSUE. The network of delicate fibres spread over the body, binding the various organs and parts together.

ARTERY. A vessel carrying blood from the heart to the various parts of the body; usually red in color.

ARTICULAR. Relating to the joints.

ARTICULATED. Jointed.

ARTICULATIONS. The union of one bone with another. A Joint.

ASCITES. Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

ASPHYXIA. A condition of apparent death owing to the supply of air being cut off; as in drowning, inhalation of gases, sun-stroke, etc.

ASPIRATOR. An instrument for the evacuation of fluids from the cavities of the body, as water in abdominal dropsy, the contents of tumors, etc.

ASSIMILATION. Appropriating and transforming into its own substance, matters foreign to the body.

ASTRINGENTS. Medicines which contract the flesh.

ATONIC, ATONY. Wanting tone.

ATROPHIED. Wasted; lessened in bulk.

ATROPHY. Wasting away; diminution in size.

AUDITORY NERVES. The nerves connecting the brain with the ears and employed in exercising the sense of hearing.

AUSCULTATION. Diagnosing diseases by listening, either with or without instruments.

B

BALANITIS. Gonorrhea of the mucous surface of the head of the penis.

BENIGN. Harmless; a term applied to tumors.

BEVERAGE. A liquor for drinking.

BILE. A yellow bitter fluid secreted by the liver. Defined on page 80.

BILIOUS. Disordered in respect to bile. Relating to bile.

BILIOUS TEMPERAMENT, VOLITIVE TEMPERAMENT. See page 173.

BIOLOGY. The science of life.

BISTOURY. A small cutting knife.

BLADDER (URINARY). The organ, situated behind the pubic bone, which holds the urine until its expulsion. Illus. pages 206 and 207.

BLEBS. Eminences of the skin containing a watery fluid.

BLOODY-FLUX. A disease characterized by frequent, scanty, and bloody stools.

BOIL. An inflamed tumor which comes to a head and discharges matter and a core. See page 443.

BOLUS. A large pill.

BOUGIE. A long, flexible instrument used for dilating contracted canals and passages.

BREACH. Some form of hernia of the abdomen. See page 862.

BROAD LIGAMENTS OF THE UTERUS. Folds of the peritoneum which support the womb and contain the Fallopian tubes and ovaries. Illus. p. 206.

BRONCHEA. Tubes formed by the division of the windpipe. Illus. page 64.

BRONCHOCELE. Thick neck, goitre.

BUBO. An inflammatory tumor in the groin.

BULLA. A bleb or large pimple containing transparent fluid.

C

CACHEXIA. A depraved condition of the system; as from poor food, syphilis, etc.

CALCAREOUS. Containing lime.

CALCIFICATION. The process of forming of, or converting into, chalk.

CALCULUS, CALCULI. Stones or similar concretions formed by the deposit of solid matter; of lime, soda, uric acid, urates, oxalates, etc.

CALISTHENICS. Healthful exercise of the body and limbs, for purposes of strength and agility.

CANCELLATED STRUCTURE. Cells communicating with each other forming a structure resembling "lattice-work."

CANKER. Ulcers in the mouth.

CAPILLARIES. Very small blood-vessels. Defined on page 60.

CARBONIC ACID. A heavy, poisonous gas. Choke damp.

CARDIAC. Pertaining to the heart. Near or towards the heart.

CARMINATIVES. Medicines which allay pain in the stomach and intestines by expelling the gas.

CAROTIDS. The great arteries at the sides of the neck.

CARTILAGE. A solid part of the body found in the joints, ends of the ribs, etc. It is softer than bone but harder than ligament.

CARTILAGINOUS TISSUE. Parts of the body of the nature of cartilage.

CARUNCULAE. Fleshy growths.

CASEIN. The part of milk which contains nitrogen. Cheese curd.

CATALYTICS. Medicines which destroy morbid agencies in the blood. Alteratives.

CATAMENIA. Monthly flow of the female.

CATARACT. Opacity of the lens of the eye, or its covering, or both.

CATHARTICS. Medicines which cause evacuation of the bowels.

CATHETER. A hollow tube introduced into the bladder through the urethra for the purpose of drawing off the urine.

CAUSTICS. Substances which destroy animal tissue.

CAUTERIZATION. Burning or searing by a hot iron, or caustic medicines.

CAUTERIZE. To burn or sear by a hot iron, or by medicines which destroy.

CELL. A little vessel having a membranous wall and containing fluid. The whole body may be considered as formed of different kinds of cells.

CELLULAR STRUCTURE. See CANCELLATED STRUCTURE.

CEREBELLUM. Little brain. Base brain. Illus. page 100.

CEREBRUM. The upper or large brain. Illus. page 100.

CERVIX. Neck; neck of the womb. Illus. page 206.

CHALYBEATE. Mineral waters which contain iron.

CHANCRE. A virulent, syphilitic ulcer. Figs. 27 and 28, Plate V., Pamphlet X.

CHANCROID. Resembling infectious chancre. Soft chancre.

CHLOROSIS. Green sickness. A disease of young women attended with a greenish hue of the skin, debility, etc.

CHOLAGOGUES. Cathartics which stimulate the liver.

CHORDAE TENDINEAE. Cord-like substances about the valves of the heart. See page 57.

CORDEE.

CHOROID. The dark colored lining membrane of the eye.

CHYLE. Food digested and ready for absorption. See pages 45 and 49.

CHYLOUS PRODUCTS. See CHYLE.

CHYME. Food after being subjected to the action of the gastric fluids.

CICATRIX. The scar or place where parts which have been cut or divided, are united.

CILIA. Small hairs.

CIRCUMCISION. An operation for removing superfluous foreskin.

CIRCUMVALLATE. Arranged in oblique lines, as the prominences on the back of the tongue.

CLAP. Gonorrhea. A venereal disease of the urethra.

CLAVICLE. See COLLAR-BONE.

CLINICAL MEDICINE. Investigation of disease at the bedside.

COAGULATE. To thicken or harden, as heat hardens the white of an egg.

COITION. Sexual intercourse. The act of generation.

COLLAR-BONE (CLAVICLE). A bone at the front and top of chest, attached by one end to the breast-bone and by the other to the shoulder-blade.

COLON. Part of the large intestines. Illus. page 40.

COMA. A condition of profound sleep from which it is difficult to arouse the patient.

COMEDONES. Pimples on the face. See page 412, and Fig. 8. Plate II.

COMPRESS. A soft cloth folded to several thicknesses, so that with a bandage pressure can be applied, or by wetting in hot water, a part can be subjected to the influences of heat and moisture.

CONCEPTION. Impregnation of the ovum; the beginning of a new being.

CONGENITAL. Applied to a disease born with one; from birth.

CONGESTION. An abnormal amount of blood in a part or organ.

CONJUNCTIVA. The membrane which covers the external surface of the eyeball.

CONJUNCTIVITIS. Inflammation of the eye.

CONTAGION. The transmission of disease from one to another by contact, as hydrophobia, syphilis; or otherwise, as measles, scarlet fever, etc.

CONTAGIOUS. Capable of being transmitted from one person to another.

CONTINENCE. Abstinence from sexual intercourse or excitement.

CONVALESCENCE. The recovery of health after sickness.

CONVOLUTED. Curved or rolled together.

COPULATION. Sexual intercourse.

CORIUM. A layer of the akin.

CORNEA. A transparent covering of the front of the eye.

CORPUSCLES OF THE BLOOD. Defined and illustrated on page 53.

COUNTER-IRRITANTS. Defined on page 331.

COWPER'S GLANDS OF THE MALE. Glands situated in front of the prostate gland. Illus. page 207.

COXALGIA. Hip-joint disease. See page 451.

CRANIUM. The skull. The bones of the head.

CRAYONS. Sticks or cylinders made of Cocoa butter and medicated.

CROSS-EYE. One or both eyes drawn towards the nose. Squint.

CRUSTACEOUS. Belonging to the class of animals covered by a crust-like shell.

CUTANEOUS. Belonging to, or affecting, the skin.

CUTICLE. The outer layer of the skin, consisting of small bony scales.

CYSTITIS. Inflammation of the bladder. In chronic form, Catarrh of the bladder.

D

DEBRIS. Broken-down tissue. Waste material.

DECOCTION. Defined on page 303.

DEFECATION. Voiding excrement from the body.

DEGENERATION, FATTY. The deposit of particles of fat instead of the proper muscular tissue.

DEGLUTITION. Swallowing. Conveying food to the stomach.

DEJECTION OF MIND. Despondency. Low spirits.

DEJECTIONS. The matter voided from the bowels.

DELETERIOUS. Destructive. Poisonous.

DENTITION. Cutting of the teeth in infancy.

DEODORIZER. A substance that destroys a bad smell.

DEPLETION. To empty the blood-vessels by lancing a vein or by medicines.

DEPRAVATION. Corruption.

DEPURATING. Cleansing.

DERMATOLOGIST. One who makes diseases of the skin a specialty.

DESICCATE. To dry up.

DESQUAMATION. Scaling off of the skin, after fevers.

DESQUAMATIVE NEPHRITIS, Bright's Disease, in which epithelial cells escape with the urine.

DIABETES. Defined on page 835.

DIAGNOSIS. The determination of a disease by its symptoms or characteristics.

DIAGNOSTIC. The symptoms by which a disease is distinguished from others.

DIAPHORETIC. Medicines which increase perspiration.

DIAPHRAGM. Defined on page 32.

DIATHESIS. Peculiarity of constitution. Predisposition to certain diseases.

DIGESTION. The function by which food passing along the alimentary canal is prepared for nutrition.

DILATATION. Increasing in size by Instruments or other agencies.

DILUENTS. Fluids which thin the blood or hold medicines in solution.

DIRECTOR. An instrument having a groove which directs the knife and protects underlying parts from injury.

DISINFECTANTS. Substances which arrest putrefaction.

DISLOCATION. The act of or state of, being forced from its proper situation.

DISTILLED. Separated by heat from other substances and collected by condensation.

DIURETICS. Medicines which increase the flow of urine.

DOUCHE. Dashes of water. An instrument for washing the nasal membrane.

DRASTICS. Medicines which move the bowels harshly or frequently.

DROPSY. The accumulation of fluid In the cavities or cellular tissue of the body.

DUODENUM. The first portion of the intestines. Illus. page 44.

DURA MATER. A thick, fibrous membrane lining the skull.

DYSCRASIA. A bad condition of body.

DYSENTERY. A disease characterized by frequent, scanty and bloody stools.

DYSMENORRHEA. Difficult or painful menstruation.

DYSPNOEA. Difficult breathing.

E

EAR, INTERNAL. Defined on page 110. Illus. page 109.

EARTHY PHOSPHATES. The white deposit in urine, composed of phosphoric acid and a base.

ECCHYMOSIS. Black or yellow spots produced by effused blood. Black eye Is an example.

ECLECTIC SCHOOL. See page 294.

ECRASEUR. An instrument which amputates by a loop of wire.

ECZEMATOUS. Of the nature of Eczema. See page 430.

EDEMA (OEDEMA). Puffiness of the skin from the accumulation of fluid. General dropsy.

EFFLUVIA. Unpleasant odors or exhalations.

EFFUSION. The pouring out of blood or other fluid.

ELECTROLYSIS. Decomposing or modifying by the application of electricity.

ELIMINATED. Discharged, expelled.

EMACIATION. Leanness in flesh.

EMBRYO. The young of an animal at the beginning of its development in the womb.

EMETICS. Medicines which empty the stomach upwards.

EMMENAGOGUES. Medicines which favor or cause menstruation.

EMPIRICISM. Practicing medicine upon results of experience, generally by a person without a medical education.

ENCEPHALIC TEMPERAMENT. Defined on page 177.

ENDOCARDITIS. Inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart.

ENDOCARDIUM. The lining membrane of the heart

ENDOMETRLTLS. Disease of the lining membrane of the womb.

ENTERIC. Intestinal.

ENTERITIS. Inflammation of the mucous lining of the small intestines.

EPIDEMICS. Diseases which attack a number of persons at the name time: as yellow fever, small-pox, etc.

EPIGLOTTIS. A cap over the windpipe, allowing the admission of air, but preventing the introduction of foreign bodies.

EPITHELIAL CELLS. Cells belonging to the epithelium.

EPITHELIUM. The thin covering upon the lips, nipple, mucous and serous membranes and lining the ducts, blood-vessels and other canals.

ESOPHAGUS (OESOPHAGUS). The food-pipe. Illus. page 44.

EUSTACHLAN TUBE. The tube leading from the throat to the inner ear. Illus, page 109.

EVACUAUT. Cathartic.

EVOLUTION. Defined on page 14.

EXCORIATES. Removes the skin in part.

EXCORIATION. A wound which removes some of the skin.

EXCREMENTITIOUS. Pertaining to the matter evacuated from the body.

EXCRESCENCES. Surface tumors; as warts, piles, polypi, etc.

EXCRETION. The process by which waste materials are removed from the blood, performed particularly by the lungs, skin and kidneys.

EXCRETORY DUCTS. Minute vessels which transmit fluid from glands.

EXHALATIONS. That which is thrown off by the body, as vapor, gases, etc.

EXPECTORANTS. Medicines which promote discharges from the lungs.

EXPIRATION. Expelling the breath.

EXTRANEOUS MATTER. Any substance which finds a place in the body and does not belong there. Foreign substances.

EXTRA-UTERINE. Outside of the womb, but in its vicinity.

EXTRAVASATED. Escaped into surrounding tissues.

EXTREMITIES. Legs or arms.

EXUDATION. Substances discharged through the pores.

EXUDE. To sweat; to pass through a membrane.

F

FALLOPIAN TUBE. The canal through which the ovum passes from the ovary to the womb.

FARADIZATION. The application of electricity by inductive currents.

FASCIA. The white fibrous expansion of a muscle which binds parts together.

FATTY DEGENERATION. The deposit of particles of fat instead of proper muscular tissue.

FEBRIFUGE. A medicine which abates or cures fevers.

FEBRILE. Relating to fever.

FECUNDATION. The ovum uniting with the male germ. Impregnation.

FEMORAL HERNIA. Thigh hernia. Illus. page 863.

FERMENTED. Changed by a process of decomposition.

FERRUGINOUS. Containing iron.

FETID. Having an offensive smell. Stinking.

FETOR. Offensive smell. Stench.

FIBROUS. Composed of fibres.

FIBROUS TISSUE. The texture which unites every part of the body.

FILAMENTS. Fibre; the basis of texture.

FIMBRIATED. Finger-like.

FIRST INTENTION, HEALING BY. Healing without suppuration or the formation of pus.

FISSURE. A crack.

FISTULA: FISTULAE. Small canals or tubes which carry pus or other liquids through the flesh.

FISTULA, URINARY. The abnormal communication between the urinary passages and the external surface.

FISTULOUS OPENINGS. The outer end of canals or tubes which carry pus to the surface.

FLATULENCY. Wind gathered in the stomach or bowels.

FLEXION OF THE WOMB. A partial misplacement in which the womb is bent upon itself.

FLEXURES. Bending. Motion of a joint.

FLOCCULENT. Combining or adhering in flocks or flakes.

FLUID EXTRACTS. The active principles of medicines in fluid form.

FOETUS. The unborn child.

FOLLICLES (OF HAIR). Small depressions in the skin.

FOLLICULAR. Relating to or affecting follicles.

FOMENTATIONS. Local application of cloths wrung out of hot water.

FORCEPS. An instrument having a motion and use like the thumb and fore-finger. Pincers. Obstetrical forceps embrace the head of the foetus.

FORESKIN. That part of the skin of the penis which is prolonged over the head of the organ.

FORMICATION. A sensation like a number of ants creeping on a part.

FRACTURE. Broken bone. In compound fracture the end of the bone projects through the skin.

FUNCTION. The peculiar action of an organ, or part of the body.

FUNCTIONAL. Pertaining to the specific action of an organ or part.

FUNDUS. The bottom or base of an organ. The fundus of the womb is its upper part, when in its natural position.

FUNGIFORM. Mushroom-shaped.

G

GALVANISM. Electricity.

GALVANO-CAUTERY. Burning or scarring by galvanic electricity.

GANGLION. A nerve center which forms and distributes nerve-power.

GANGRENE. Death of a part.

GASTRIC. Pertaining to the stomach.

GASTRIC JUICE. The digestive fluid supplied by the mucous membrane of the stomach.

GELATINOUS. Jelly-like.

GENERATION. The functions which are active in reproduction.

GENITALS. The sexual organs.

GESTATION. Carrying the embryo in the uterus.

GLANS. Head of the penis.

GONORRHEA. A discharge of mucous from inflammation of the urethra or vagina, caused by impure connection. Clap.

GRANULAR CASTS. Moulds of epithelium found by the microscope in chronic Bright's Disease.

GRANULAR LIDS. Roughness on the inner surface of the eyelids.

GRANULATIONS HEAL BY. See GRANULATIONS.

GRANULATIONS. Flesh-like shoots, which appear in a wound and form its scar.

GRANULES. Small grains.

GRAVEL. Substances precipitated in the urine resembling sand.

GROIN. The oblique depression between the belly and thigh.

GRUBS. Pimples on the face. See page 442.

GYNECOLOGIST. One who makes the Diseases of Women a specialty.

H

HAIR BULBS. The expansion or root of the hair.

HALLUCINATIONS. Perception or sensation of objects which do not exist; as in Tremens.

HECTIC. Constitutional; as hectic fever, in which all parts of the body become emaciated.

HEMIPLEGIA. Paralysis affecting only one side of the body.

HEMORRHOIDAL VEINS. The veins about the rectum which enlarge and form piles.

HEPATIC. Relating or belonging to the liver.

HEREDITARY. A disease transmitted from parent to child.

HERNIA. Defined on page 862.

HOLLOW OF THE SACRUM. The concave portion of the lower part of the spinal column within the pelvis.

HOMEOPATHY. Defined on page 294.

HYALINE CASTS. Glassy appearing substances found by the microscope in urine in chronic Bright's Disease.

HYDRAGOGUES. Cathartics which produce copious watery discharges.

HYDROCELE. Accumulation of fluid in the scrotum.

HYDROCEPHALUS. Accumulation of fluid in the membranes about the brain.

HYDROTHORAX. Accumulation of fluid in the chest cavities.

HYGIENE. The principles or rules for the promotion or preservation of health.

HYMEN. Described on page 687. HYPERSEMIA. Full of blood. Congestion.

HYPERTROPHY. Enlargement, thickening.

HYPOCHONDRIAC. A person, usually dyspeptic, who is unreasonably gloomy, particularly about his health.

HYPODERMIC SYRINGE. An instrument having a very fine tube and needle-like point, by which medicines are lodged immediately under the skin.

HYSTEROTOME. An instrument described and illustrated on page 696.

I

IDIOPATHIC. Primary: not depending on another disease.

ILLICIT. Not permitted; unlawful.

ILLUSIONS. See HALLUCINATIONS.

IMPACTED. Wedged. Applied to feces which have remained in the rectum a long time.

IMPERFORATE. Without a natural opening.

IMPOTENCY. Loss of sexual power.

IMPREGNATION. Imparting the vital principle of the sperm-cell to the germ-cell, by which a new being is created.

INCIPIENT. Commencement; first stage.

INDEPENDENT PHYSICIAN. Defined on page 295.

INDIGENOUS. Native. Grows in a country.

INDOLENT. Painless; a term applied to tumors.

INDURATION. Hardening of a part or organ.

INFECTION. A prevailing disease. A disease spread only by contact, as itch, syphilis, etc.

INFILTRATION. The passage of fluid into the cellular tissue; as in General Dropsy.

INFLAMMATION. Defined on page 398.

INFUSION. Defined on page 303.

INGUINAL CANAL. A canal situated in the groin, through which the spermatic cord passes. The common seat of Hernia. Illus. page 862.

INOCULATE. To communicate a disease by inserting matter in the flesh; as by vaccination.

INORGANIC. Mineral. Bodies without organs.

INSALIVATION. Mixed with the saliva of the mouth, as food.

INSEMINATION. The emission of sperm in coition.

INSPIRATION. Drawing in the breath.

INTEGUMENT. The skin.

INTENTION, HEALING BY FIRST. Healing without the formation of pus.

INTERCOSTAL. Between the ribs.

INTERMITTENT. Having paroxysms or intervals.

INTERNAL EAR. Described on page 110; Illus. page 109.

INTUSSUSCEPTION. One part of the intestines forced into another part.

INVAGINATION. See INTUSSUSCEPTION

IRIDECTOMY. A surgical operation for the removal of the Iris.

IRIS. A curtain which gives the eye its color.

ISOLATION. Separation from others.

K.

KADESH-BARNEA. The holy place in the desert of wandering; the headquarters of the Israelites for 37 years.

L

LABORATORY. The work-room of a chemist or pharmacist.

LACERATION. A wound made by tearing.

LACHRYMAL. Belonging to the tears.

LACHRYMAL GLANDS. Minute organs about the eyes which secrete tears.

LACTATION. The act of giving suck.

LACTEALS. The vessels of the breast which convey milk.

LAMELLA. Layer.

LAMINAE. Thin bones, or the thin parts of a bone.

LANCINATING. Acute, shooting pains fancifully compared to the pierce of a lance.

LARYNX. That portion of the air-passage indicated in the male by "Adam's Apple."

LASCIVIOUS. Lustful; producing unchaste emotions.

LATERAL OPERATION. Cutting through the perinaeum into the bladder.

LAXATIVES. Medicines which move the bowels gently.

LESION. Derangement. Tearing or other division of parts, previously continuous.

LEUCORRHEA. Described on page 702.

LIBERAL PHYSICIAN. Defined on page 295.

LIGAMENT. A white inelastic tendon binding bones together.

LIGATION. See LIGATURE.

LIGATURE. A cord or catgut tied around a blood-vessel to arrest hemorrhage.

LINE. One-twelfth part of an inch.

LITHIC DEPOSITS. Sediment or stone formed in the urine by uric acid.

LOBES. Bound projecting parts of an organ; as lobes of the lungs, of the liver, etc.

LOIN. The side of the body between the hip-bone and ribs.

LOTION. A wash.

LUMBAGO. Rheumatism in the small of the back and loins.

LUMBAR VERTEBRAE. That part of the backbone in the vicinity of the loins.

LYMPH. A transparent fluid, resembling blood, found in lymphatic vessels. It contains corpuscles and coagulates.

LYMPHATICS. Defined on page 49.

LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. Described on page 157.

M

MALARIA. See MIASM.

MALFORMATION. Irregularity in structure.

MALIGNANT. Applied to diseases which threaten life.

MAMMAE. See MAMMARY GLANDS.

MAMMALIA. Animals that suckle their young.

MAMMARY GLANDS. The breasts or organs which secrete milk.

MANIPULATIONS. Examination and treatment by the hand.

MASSAGE. Kneading, rubbing and stroking the surface to improve circulation and nutrition and to remove effete material.

MASTICATION. Chewing.

MASTURBATION. Excitement of the sexual organs by the hand.

MEATUS. Canal or passage. External opening of a canal.

MEDIAN SECTION. An operation for stone in the bladder in which the perineum and part of the urethra are cut; the prostatic portion of the urethra is dilated to introduce forceps and withdraw the stone.

MEDULLA OBLONGATA. Described on page 90; illus. page 96.

MELANCHOLIA. A mild form of insanity attended with great gloom and mental depression.

MEMBRANOUS. Of the nature or construction of membrane.

MENINGES. Membranes covering the brain.

MENORRHAGIA. Immoderate monthly flow.

MENSES. Monthly flow of the female. See page 686.

MENSTRUATION. The bloody evacuation from the womb.

MENSTRUUM. A solvent; as water, alcohol, etc.

MESENTERIC GLANDS. Glands about the peritoneum which secrete lymph.

MESENTERY. Described on page 49.

MIASM, MIASMA. A poisonous, gaseous exhalation from decaying vegetation, or from the earth.

MIDWIVES. Females who attend women at childbirth.

MISCARRIAGE. Defined on page 682.

MOLECULE. A minute portion of any body.

MONADS. The smallest of all visible animalcules.

MONOMANIA. Insanity on one subject.

MUCO-PURULENT. Composed of mucus and pus.

MUCOUS MEMBRANE. The thin, web-like lining to the canals and cavities which secretes a fluid by which it is constantly lubricated.

MUCUS. A mucilaginous fluid found on the surface of certain membranes which keeps them soft and pliable. See MUCOUS MEMBRANE.

MUSCLE. The structures of the body which execute movements.

MUSCULAR TISSUE. The flesh forming the muscles of the body.

MYALGIA. Muscular rheumatism.

N

NARCOTICS. Medicines which stupefy.

NECROSIS. Mortification or death of bone.

NERVINES. Defined on page 345.

NERVOUS TISSUE. That part of the body composed of nerve-fibres.

NEURALGIA. Described on page 635.

NICOTIN. A poisonous principle of tobacco.

NITROGEN. One of the gases in the atmosphere.

NODES. Hard lumps, principally found upon the bones in syphilis.

NOXIOUS. Injurious.

NYMPHOMANIA. Extreme desire for sexual intercourse in the female.

O

OBSTETRICAL. Relating or appertaining to childbirth.

OCCLUSION. Approximation or closure.

OEDEMA. See EDEMA.

OLFACTORY NERVE. The nerve employed in the sense of smell. Illus. page 111.

ONANISM. See MASTURBATION

OPACITY. Opaque condition of parts of the eye, causing blindness.

OPALESCENT. Reflecting a milky light.

OPAQUE. See OPACITY.

OPHTHALMIA. Inflammation of the eye.

OPHTHALMIC. Belonging to the eye.

OPHTHALMOSCOPE. An instrument for examining the inside of the eye, for diagnostic purposes.

OPTIC NERVE. The nerve connecting the brain and eye, and employed in the sense of sight.

ORGANIC. Pertaining to the structure of an organ.

ORIFICE. Opening or mouth.

OSSEOUS TISSUE. Bony structure.

OSSIFICATION, OSSIFYING. Made into bone by the deposit of phosphate of lime.

OS UTERI. Mouth of womb. Illus. page 206.

OVA. Plural of ovum.

OVARIES. Two ovoid bodies situated either side of the womb. Illus. page 206.

OVARY. The female organ in which the ovum, or germ-cell, is formed. Illus, page 206.

OVULATION. The formation of the germ-cell in the ovary and its release from that organ.

OVUM. Defined and illustrated on pages 12 and 13.

OXYGEN. The vital gas of the atmospheric air.

OZAENA. Described on page 474.

P

PALLIATIVE. A remedy or treatment which relieves, but does not cure.