 |
ANTONY. Octavius, lead your battle softly on, Upon the left hand of the even field.
OCTAVIUS. Upon the right hand I; keep thou the left.
ANTONY. Why do you cross me in this exigent? 19
OCTAVIUS. I do not cross you; but I will do so. [March]
[Note 14: /bloody sign./ "The next morning, by break of day, the signal of battle was set out in Brutus' and Cassius' camp, which was an arming scarlet coat."—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Note 17: Plutarch tells that Cassius, though the more experienced soldier, allowed Brutus to lead the right wing. "Shakespeare made use of this incident, but transferred to the opposite camp, in order to bring out the character of Octavius which made Antony yield. Octavius really commanded the left wing."—Clar.]
[Note 19: /exigent:/ exigency. So in Antony and Cleopatra, IV, xiv, 63.]
[Note 20: /I will do so:/ I will do as I have said. Not 'I will cross you.' At this time Octavius was but twenty-one years old, and Antony was old enough to be his father. At the time of Caesar's death, when Octavius was in his nineteenth year, Antony thought he was going to manage him easily and have it all his own way with him; but he found the youngster as stiff as a crowbar, and could do nothing with him. Caesar's youngest sister, Julia, was married to Marcus Atius Balbus, and their daughter Atia, again, was married to Caius Octavius, a nobleman of the plebeian order. From this marriage sprang the present Octavius, who afterwards became the Emperor Augustus. He was mainly educated by his great-uncle, was advanced to the patrician order, and was adopted as his son and heir; so that his full and proper designation at this time was Caius Julius Caesar Octavianus. The text gives a right taste of the man, who always stood firm as a post against Antony, till the latter finally knocked himself to pieces against him.]
[Page 146]
Drum. Enter BRUTUS, CASSIUS, and their Army; LUCILIUS, TITINIUS, MESSALA, and others
BRUTUS. They stand, and would have parley.
CASSIUS. Stand fast, Titinius: we must out and talk.
OCTAVIUS. Mark Antony, shall we give sign of battle?
ANTONY. No, Caesar, we will answer on their charge. Make forth; the generals would have some words. 25
OCTAVIUS. Stir not until the signal.
BRUTUS. Words before blows: is it so, countrymen?
OCTAVIUS. Not that we love words better, as you do. 28
BRUTUS. Good words are better than bad strokes, Octavius.
ANTONY. In your bad strokes, Brutus, you give good words. Witness the hole you made in Caesar's heart, Crying, 'Long live! hail, Caesar!'
CASSIUS. Antony, The posture of your blows are yet unknown; But, for your words, they rob the Hybla bees, And leave them honeyless.
ANTONY. Not stingless too. 35
BRUTUS. O, yes, and soundless too; For you have stol'n their buzzing, Antony, And very wisely threat before you sting.
[Note 21: Scene II Pope. LUCILIUS, TITINIUS ... Ff omit.]
[Note 33: /The posture of your blows:/ where your blows are to fall.—/are./ The verb is attracted into the plural by the nearest substantive. Cf. 'was,' IV, iii, 5. Abbott calls this idiom 'confusion of proximity.']
[Note 34: Hybla, a hill in Sicily, was noted for its thyme and its honey. So Vergil, Eclogues, I, 54-55: "the hedge whose willow bloom is quaffed by Hybla's bees." Cf. 1 Henry IV, I, ii, 47: "As the honey of Hybla, my old lad of the castle." Antony could not be so 'honey-tongued' unless he had quite exhausted thyme-flavored Hybla.]
[Page 147]
ANTONY. Villains, you did not so, when your vile daggers Hack'd one another in the sides of Caesar: 40 You show'd your teeth like apes, and fawn'd like hounds, And bow'd like bondmen, kissing Caesar's feet; Whilst damned Casca, like a cur, behind Struck Caesar on the neck. O you flatterers!
CASSIUS. Flatterers! Now, Brutus, thank yourself: 45 This tongue had not offended so to-day, If Cassius might have rul'd.
OCTAVIUS. Come, come, the cause: if arguing make us sweat, The proof of it will turn to redder drops. Look; 50 I draw a sword against conspirators; When think you that the sword goes up again? Never, till Caesar's three and thirty wounds Be well aveng'd; or till another Caesar Have added slaughter to the sword of traitors. 55
[Note 41: Two lines in Ff. /teeth/ F3 F4 teethes F1 F2.]
[Note 44: /Struck/ F3 F4 Strooke F1 F2.]
[Note 50-51: One line in Ff.]
[Note 39-44: These graphic details are from Plutarch's two accounts (in Julius Caesar and Marcus Brutus) of the assassination of Caesar.]
[Note 48: Octavius has been a standing puzzle and enigma to the historians, from the seeming contradictions of his character. Merivale declares that the one principle that gave unity to his life and reconciled those contradictions, was a steadfast, inflexible purpose to avenge the murder of his illustrious uncle and adoptive father.]
[Note 52: /goes up:/ is put into its sheath. Cf. John, XVIII, 11.]
[Note 53: The number of Caesar's wounds, according to Plutarch, was three and twenty, and to 'three and twenty' Theobald, craving historical accuracy, changed the 'three and thirty' of the text.]
[Note 55: Till you, traitors as you are, have added the slaughtering of me, another Caesar, to that of Julius. See note, p. 145, l. 20.]
[Page 148]
BRUTUS. Caesar, thou canst not die by traitors' hands, Unless thou bring'st them with thee.
OCTAVIUS. So I hope; I was not born to die on Brutus' sword.
BRUTUS. O, if thou wert the noblest of thy strain, Young man, thou couldst not die more honourable. 60
CASSIUS. A peevish schoolboy, worthless of such honour, Join'd with a masker and a reveller!
ANTONY. Old Cassius still!
OCTAVIUS. Come, Antony; away! Defiance, traitors, hurl we in your teeth; If you dare fight to-day, come to the field; 65 If not, when you have stomachs.
[Exeunt OCTAVIUS, ANTONY, and their Army]
CASSIUS. Why, now, blow wind, swell billow, and swim bark! The storm is up, and all is on the hazard.
BRUTUS. Ho, Lucilius! hark, a word with you.
LUCILIUS. [Standing forth] My lord? 70
[BRUTUS and LUCILIUS converse apart]
[Note 66: [Exeunt ... their Army] Exit ... Army Ff.]
[Note 67: Scene III Pope.]
[Note 70: [Standing forth] Camb Lucillius and Messala stand forth Ff. [BRUTUS and ...] Ff omit.]
[Note 59. /strain:/ stock, lineage, race. So in Henry V, II, iv, 51:
And he is bred out of that bloody strain That haunted us in our familiar paths.]
[Note 61: Shakespeare often uses 'peevish' in the sense of 'silly,' 'foolish.' So in The Comedy of Errors, IV, i, 93. A foolish schoolboy, joined with a masker and reveler (for Antony's reputation, see I, ii, 204; II, i, 188, 189; II, ii, 116), and unworthy even of that honor.]
[Note 66: /stomachs:/ appetite, inclination, courage. So in Henry V, IV, iii, 35: "He which hath no stomach to this fight."]
[Page 149]
CASSIUS. Messala!
MESSALA. What says my general?
CASSIUS. Messala, This is my birth-day; as this very day Was Cassius born. Give me thy hand, Messala: Be thou my witness that, against my will, As Pompey was, am I compell'd to set 75 Upon one battle all our liberties. You know that I held Epicurus strong, And his opinion: now I change my mind, And partly credit things that do presage. Coming from Sardis, on our former ensign 80 Two mighty eagles fell, and there they perch'd, Gorging and feeding from our soldiers' hands; Who to Philippi here consorted us: This morning are they fled away and gone; And in their steads do ravens, crows, and kites, 85 Fly o'er our heads and downward look on us, As we were sickly prey: their shadows seem A canopy most fatal, under which Our army lies, ready to give up the ghost.
[Note 71: /Messala/, Ff add to l. 72.]
[Note 80: /former/ Ff foremost Rowe.]
[Note 85: /steads/ F3 F4 steeds F1 F2.]
[Note 72: 'As' is often used redundantly with definitions of time. This is still a provincialism. See Abbott, Sect. 114. "Messala writeth, that Cassius having spoken these last words unto him, he bade him farewell, and willed him to come to supper to him the next night following, because it was his birthday."—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Note 75: Alluding to the battle of Pharsalia, which took place in the year B.C. 48. Pompey was forced into that battle, against his better judgment, by the inexperienced and impatient men about him, who, inasmuch as they had more than twice Caesar's number of troops, fancied they could easily defeat him if they could but meet him. So they tried it, and he quickly defeated them.]
[Note 77: I was strongly attached to the doctrines of Epicurus. "Cassius being in opinion an Epicurean, and reasoning thereon with Brutus, spake to him touching the vision thus: 'In our sect, Brutus, we have an opinion, that we do not always feel or see that which we suppose we do both see and feel, but that our senses, being credulous and therefore easily abused ... imagine they see and conjecture that which in truth they do not.'"—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Note 80: /former:/ first. Cf. "former things passed away." "When they raised their camp there came two eagles, that, flying with a marvellous force, lighted upon two of the foremost ensigns, and always followed the soldiers, which gave them meat and fed them, until they came near to the city of Philippes; and there, one day only before the battle, they both flew away."—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Page 150]
MESSALA. Believe not so.
CASSIUS. I but believe it partly; 90 For I am fresh of spirit, and resolv'd To meet all perils very constantly.
BRUTUS. Even so, Lucilius.
CASSIUS. Now, most noble Brutus, The gods to-day stand friendly, that we may, Lovers in peace, lead on our days to age! 95 But, since the affairs of men rests still incertain, Let's reason with the worst that may befall. If we do lose this battle, then is this The very last time we shall speak together: What are you then determined to do? 100
[Note 92: /perils/ F1 peril F2 F3 F4.]
[Note 96: /rests/ Ff rest Rowe.]
[Page 151]
BRUTUS. Even by the rule of that philosophy By which I did blame Cato for the death Which he did give himself: I know not how, But I do find it cowardly and vile, For fear of what might fall, so to prevent 105 The time of life: arming myself with patience To stay the providence of some high powers That govern us below.
CASSIUS. Then, if we lose this battle, You are contented to be led in triumph Thorough the streets of Rome? 110
[Note 102: /By/ F1 Be F2.]
[Note 110: /Thorough/ Thorow F1 F2 Through F3 F4 Along Pope. /Rome?/ Theobald Rome Ff.]
[Note 111: Two lines in Ff.]
[Note 105-106: /prevent The time:/ anticipate the full, natural period. To the understanding of this speech, it must be observed that the sense of the words, 'arming myself,' etc., follows next after the words, 'which he did give himself.' In this passage, as Dr. Wright (Clar.) has pointed out, Shakespeare was misled by an error in North's version of Amyot's Plutarch, where we have feis (= fis) translated as if it were from fier: "Brutus answered him, being yet but a young man, and not over greatly experienced in the world; 'I trust (I know not how) a certain rule of philosophy, by the which I did greatly blame ... Cato for killing himself, as being no lawful nor godly act, touching the gods; nor, concerning men, valiant: but, being now in the midst of the danger, I am of a contrary mind.'"—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus. Wright, in his note on this passage, shows how the true meaning is obscured by bad printing and punctuation. Brutus's answer begins really with, 'Being yet but a young man'; and 'I trust' is evidently a past tense (Old English 'truste') which must have been read by Shakespeare as the present.]
[Page 152]
BRUTUS. No, Cassius, no: think not, thou noble Roman, That ever Brutus will go bound to Rome; He bears too great a mind. But this same day Must end that work the Ides of March begun; And whether we shall meet again I know not. 115 Therefore our everlasting farewell take. For ever, and for ever, farewell, Cassius! If we do meet again, why, we shall smile; If not, why then this parting was well made.
CASSIUS. For ever, and for ever, farewell, Brutus! 120 If we do meet again, we'll smile indeed; If not, 'tis true this parting was well made.
BRUTUS. Why, then, lead on. O, that a man might know The end of this day's business ere it come! But it sufficeth that the day will end, 125 And then the end is known. Come, ho! away! [Exeunt]
SCENE II. The field of battle
Alarum. Enter BRUTUS and MESSALA
BRUTUS. Ride, ride, Messala, ride, and give these bills Unto the legions on the other side: [Loud alarum] Let them set on at once; for I perceive But cold demeanour in Octavius' wing, And sudden push gives them the overthrow. 5 Ride, ride, Messala: let them all come down. [Exeunt]
[Note 114: /the Ides/ F1 that Ides F2 F3 F4.]
[Note: SCENE II Capell Scene IV Pope.]
[Note 4: /Octavius'/ Pope Octavio's Ff.]
[Note 113: "The philosopher indeed renounced all confidence in his own principles. He had adopted them from reading or imitation; they were not the natural growth of instinct or genuine reflection; and, as may easily happen in such a case, his faith in them failed when they were tested by adversity. As long as there seemed a chance that the godlike stroke would be justified by success, Brutus claimed the glory of maintaining a righteous cause; but, when all hope fled, he could take leave of philosophy and life together, and exclaim, 'I once dreamed that virtue was a thing; I find her only a name, and the mere slave of fortune.' He had blamed Cato for flying from misery by self-murder; but he learnt to justify the same desperate act when he contemplated committing it himself."—Merivale.]
[Note 1: /bills:/ written instructions, dispatches. "In the meantime Brutus, that led the right wing, sent little bills to the colonels and captains of private bands, in the which he wrote the word of the battle."—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Note 2: 'The legions on the other side' are those commanded by Cassius, the left wing of the joint army of Brutus and Cassius. Brutus wants Cassius to attack the enemy at the same time that he himself does. In the next scene, Messala and his escort are met by Titinius coming from Cassius.]
[Page 153]
SCENE III. Another part of the field
Alarums. Enter CASSIUS and TITINIUS
CASSIUS. O, look, Titinius, look, the villains fly! Myself have to mine own turn'd enemy. This ensign here of mine was turning back; I slew the coward, and did take it from him.
TITINIUS. O Cassius, Brutus gave the word too early; 5 Who, having some advantage on Octavius, Took it too eagerly: his soldiers fell to spoil, Whilst we by Antony are all enclos'd.
Enter PINDARUS
PINDARUS. Fly further off, my lord, fly further off; Mark Antony is in your tents, my lord: 10 Fly, therefore, noble Cassius, fly far off.
CASSIUS. This hill is far enough. Look, look, Titinius; Are those my tents where I perceive the fire?
[Note: SCENE III Capell Scene continued in Pope.]
[Note 3: 'Ensign' was used in the Elizabethan time, as it is still, either for the flag (cf. V, i, 80) or for the bearer of it: here it is used for both at once. Cf. the form 'ancient,' Othello, I, i, 33. It was in killing the cowardly ensign that Cassius "to his own turn'd enemy."]
[Page 154]
TITINIUS. They are, my lord.
CASSIUS. Titinius, if thou lovest me, Mount thou my horse, and hide thy spurs in him, 15 Till he have brought thee up to yonder troops, And here again; that I may rest assur'd Whether yond troops are friend or enemy.
TITINIUS. I will be here again, even with a thought. [Exit]
CASSIUS. Go, Pindarus, get higher on that hill; 20 My sight was ever thick; regard Titinius, And tell me what thou not'st about the field.
[PINDARUS ascends the hill]
This day I breathed first: time is come round, And where I did begin, there shall I end; My life is run his compass. Sirrah, what news? 25
PINDARUS. [Above] O my lord!
CASSIUS. What news?
PINDARUS. [Above] Titinius is enclosed round about With horsemen, that make to him on the spur; Yet he spurs on. Now they are almost on him. 30 Now, Titinius! Now some light. O, he lights too: He's ta'en. [Shout] And, hark! they shout for joy.
[Note 20: /higher/ F1 thither F2 F3 F4.]
[Note 22: [PINDARUS ascends...] Camb Ff omit.]
[Note 28: [Above] Ff omit.]
[Note 32: /He's ta'en/ Ff print as separate line.]
[Note 16: /yonder troops./ Messala and his escort coming from Brutus.]
[Note 19: /with a thought:/ quick as thought. Cf. The Tempest, IV, i, 64.]
[Note 20-21: "Cassius himself was at length compelled to fly ... into a little hill from whence they might see ... howbeit Cassius saw nothing, for his sight was very bad."—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Page 155]
CASSIUS. Come down; behold no more. O, coward that I am, to live so long, To see my best friend ta'en before my face! 35
PINDARUS descends
Come hither, sirrah: In Parthia did I take thee prisoner; And then I swore thee, saving of thy life, That whatsoever I did bid thee do, Thou shouldst attempt it. Come now, keep thine oath; 40 Now be a freeman; and with this good sword, That ran through Caesar's bowels, search this bosom. Stand not to answer: here, take thou the hilts; And, when my face is cover'd, as 'tis now, Guide thou the sword. [PINDARUS stabs him] Caesar, thou art reveng'd, 45 Even with the sword that kill'd thee. [Dies]
PINDARUS. So, I am free; yet would not so have been, Durst I have done my will. O Cassius! Far from this country Pindarus shall run, 49 Where never Roman shall take note of him. [Exit]
[Note 36: PINDARUS descends Dyce Enter Pindarus Ff.]
[Note 36-37: One line in Ff.]
[Note 45: [PINDARUS ...] F1 omits kills him F2 F3 F4 (after l. 46).]
[Note 46: [Dies] Capell Ff omit.]
[Note 47: Two lines in Ff.]
[Note 50: [Exit] Rowe Ff omit.]
[Note 38: /saving of thy life:/ when I saved thy life. The usual interpretation, but 'saving' may qualify 'Thou' in l. 40, and then the expression would mean, 'Except for endangering thy life.']
[Note 43: /hilts./ Shakespeare uses both the singular and the plural form of this word to describe a single weapon, the plural more often.]
[Note 46: It was a dagger, not a sword, that Cassius stabbed Caesar with. But by a common figure of speech the same weapon is put for the same owner. The 'sword' is taken from Plutarch. "For he, being overcome in battle at the journey of Philippes, slew himself with the same sword with the which he strake Caesar."—Plutarch, Julius Caesar.]
[Note 50: "Cassius, thinking indeed that Titinius was taken of the enemies, he then spake these words: 'Desiring too much to live, I have lived to see one of my best friends taken, for my sake, before my face.' After that, he got into a tent where nobody was, and took Pindarus with him, one of his bondsmen whom he reserved ever for such a pinch, since the cursed battle of the Parthians, where Crassus was slain, though he notwithstanding scaped from that overthrow: but then, casting his cloak over his head, and holding out his bare neck unto Pindarus, he gave him his head to be stricken off. So the head was found severed from the body; but after that time Pindarus was never seen more."—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Page 156]
Re-enter TITINIUS, with MESSALA
MESSALA. It is but change, Titinius; for Octavius Is overthrown by noble Brutus' power, As Cassius' legions are by Antony.
TITINIUS. These tidings will well comfort Cassius.
MESSALA. Where did you leave him?
TITINIUS. All disconsolate, 55 With Pindarus his bondman, on this hill.
MESSALA. Is not that he that lies upon the ground?
TITINIUS. He lies not like the living. O my heart!
MESSALA. Is not that he?
TITINIUS. No, this was he, Messala, But Cassius is no more. O setting sun, 60 As in thy red rays thou dost sink to night, So in his red blood Cassius' day is set; The sun of Rome is set! Our day is gone; Clouds, dews, and dangers come; our deeds are done! Mistrust of my success hath done this deed. 65
[Note 51: Scene V Pope. Re-enter ..., with Capell Enter ... and ... Ff.]
[Note 61: /to night/ Ff to-night Knight.]
[Note 62: /is set/ F1 it set F2 F3 F4.]
[Note 63: sun Sunne F1 Sonne F2 Son F3 F4.]
[Note 51: /change:/ interchange of loss and gain in the fight.]
[Note 60-62: Cf. Troilus and Cressida, V, viii, 5-8.]
[Page 157]
MESSALA. Mistrust of good success hath done this deed. O hateful error, melancholy's child, Why dost thou show to the apt thoughts of men The things that are not? O error, soon conceiv'd, Thou never com'st unto a happy birth, 70 But kill'st the mother that engender'd thee!
TITINIUS. What, Pindarus! where art thou, Pindarus?
MESSALA. Seek him, Titinius, whilst I go to meet The noble Brutus, thrusting this report Into his ears: I may say, 'thrusting' it; 75 For piercing steel and darts envenomed Shall be as welcome to the ears of Brutus As tidings of this sight.
TITINIUS. Hie you, Messala, And I will seek for Pindarus the while. [Exit MESSALA] Why didst thou send me forth, brave Cassius? 80 Did I not meet thy friends? and did not they Put on my brows this wreath of victory, And bid me give it thee? Didst thou not hear their shouts? Alas, thou hast misconstrued every thing! But, hold thee, take this garland on thy brow; 85 Thy Brutus bid me give it thee, and I Will do his bidding. Brutus, come apace, And see how I regarded Caius Cassius. By your leave, gods: this is a Roman's part: 89 Come, Cassius' sword, and find Titinius' heart. [Dies]
[Note 71: /engender'd/ engendred Ff.]
[Note 79: [Exit MESSALA] Ff omit.]
[Note 67-69. Cassius is said to have been of a highly choleric or bilious temperament, and as such, predisposed to melancholy views of life.]
[Note 90: "By-and-by they knew the horsemen that came towards them, and might see Titinius crowned with a garland of triumph, who came before with great speed unto Cassius. But when he perceived, by the cries and tears of his friends which tormented themselves, the misfortune that had chanced to his captain Cassius by mistaking, he drew out his sword, cursing himself a thousand times that he had tarried so long, and so slew himself presently in the field. Brutus in the meantime came forward still, and understood also that Cassius had been overthrown; but he knew nothing of his death till he came very near to his camp."—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Page 158]
Alarum. Re-enter MESSALA, with BRUTUS, young CATO, STRATO, VOLUMNIUS, and LUCILIUS
BRUTUS. Where, where, Messala, doth his body lie?
MESSALA. Lo, yonder, and Titinius mourning it.
BRUTUS. Titinius' face is upward.
CATO. He is slain.
BRUTUS. O Julius Caesar, thou art mighty yet! Thy spirit walks abroad, and turns our swords 95 In our own proper entrails. [Low alarums]
CATO. Brave Titinius! Look, where he have not crown'd dead Cassius!
[Note 91: Scene VI Pope. Re-enter MESSALA, with BRUTUS ... Enter Brutus, Messala ... Ff.]
[Note 97: /where/ Ff if Pope whether Camb Globe wh'er Capell wher Dyce.]
[Note 94-96: Brutus here strikes again, full and strong, the proper keynote of the play. The facts involved are well stated by Froude: "The murderers of Caesar, and those who had either instigated them secretly or applauded them afterwards, were included in a proscription list, drawn by retributive justice on the model of Sulla's. Such of them as were in Italy were immediately killed. Those in the provinces, as if with the curse of Cain upon their heads, came one by one to miserable ends. In three years the tyrannicides of the Ides of March, with their aiders and abettors, were all dead; some killed in battle, some in prison, some dying by their own hand."]
[Note 97: /where:/ whether. So in V, iv, 30. See note, p. 7, l. 63.]
[Page 159]
BRUTUS. Are yet two Romans living such as these? The last of all the Romans, fare thee well! It is impossible that ever Rome 100 Should breed thy fellow. Friends, I owe moe tears To this dead man than you shall see me pay. I shall find time, Cassius, I shall find time. Come, therefore, and to Thasos send his body: His funerals shall not be in our camp, 105 Lest it discomfort us. Lucilius, come; And come, young Cato; let us to the field. Labeo and Flavius, set our battles on: 'T is three o'clock; and, Romans, yet ere night 109 We shall try fortune in a second fight. [Exeunt]
[Note 99: /The/ Ff Thou Rowe. fare far F1.]
[Note 101: /moe/ F3 F4 mo F1 F2 more Rowe.]
[Note 104: /Thasos/ Camb Globe (Walker conj.) Thassos Theobald Tharsus Ff.]
[Note 108: /Labeo/ Hanmer Labio Ff. Flavius, F4 Flauio F1 Flavius F2 F3.]
[Note 101: /moe:/ more. See note, p. 48, l. 72. See Skeat under 'more.']
[Note 104. /Thasos./ A large island off the coast of Thrace. "So when he was come thither, after he had lamented the death of Cassius, calling him the last of all the Romans, being unpossible that Rome should ever breed again so noble and valiant a man as he, he caused his body to be buried, and sent it to the city of Thassos, fearing lest his funerals within his camp should cause great disorder. Then he called his soldiers together, and did encourage them again."—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Note 108: /Labeo and Flavius./ These two men are not named among the persons of the drama, because they speak nothing. Labeo was one of the stabbers of Caesar; and it related that when he saw that all was lost, having dug his own grave, he enfranchised a slave, and then he thrust a weapon into his hand ordering him to kill him.]
[Note 109-110: Shakespeare with dramatic effectiveness represents both battles as occurring the same day. They were separated by an interval of twenty days. The 'three o'clock' is from Plutarch. "He suddenly caused his army to march, being past three of the clock in the afternoon."—Marcus Brutus.]
[Page 160]
SCENE IV. Another part of the field.
Alarum. Enter BRUTUS, young CATO, LUCILIUS, and others
BRUTUS. Yet, countrymen, O, yet hold up your heads!
CATO. What bastard doth not? Who will go with me? I will proclaim my name about the field. I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho! A foe to tyrants, and my country's friend; 5 I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho!
Enter Soldiers, and fight
LUCILIUS. And I am Brutus, Marcus Brutus, I; Brutus, my country's friend; know me for Brutus! O young and noble Cato, art thou down? Why, now thou diest as bravely as Titinius; 10 And mayst be honour'd, being Cato's son.
1 SOLDIER. Yield, or thou diest.
[Note: SCENE IV Capell Scene VII Pope. Another part ... Capell Ff omit.]
[Note: Enter BRUTUS ... Enter Brutus, Messala, Cato, Lucillius and Flauius Ff]
[Note 7: LUCILIUS Bru. Rowe Ff omit.]
[Note 9-11: Ff give to LUC. (Lucilius).]
[Note 2: /What bastard doth not:/ who is so base-born as not to do so?]
[Note 7-8: The Folios omit the speaker's name. Rowe gave the lines to Brutus, but they are utterly uncharacteristic of him. Plutarch (see quotation below, l. 29) says that Lucilius impersonated Brutus, and Shakespeare follows this, as l. 14 indicates. The Folios have no 'Exit' or stage direction after l. 8. Professor Michael Macmillan says: "It seems probable that the printers of the Folio by mistake put the heading 'Luc.' two lines too low down."]
[Note 11: "There was the son of Marcus Cato slain ... telling aloud his name, and also his father's name."—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Page 161]
LUCILIUS. Only I yield to die: There is so much that thou wilt kill me straight; [Offering money] Kill Brutus, and be honour'd in his death.
1 SOLDIER. We must not. A noble prisoner! 15
2 SOLDIER. Room, ho! Tell Antony, Brutus is ta'en.
1 SOLDIER. I'll tell the news. Here comes the general.
Enter ANTONY
Brutus is ta'en, Brutus is ta'en, my lord.
ANTONY. Where is he?
LUCILIUS. Safe, Antony; Brutus is safe enough: 20 I dare assure thee that no enemy Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus: The gods defend him from so great a shame! When you do find him, or alive or dead, He will be found like Brutus, like himself 25
ANTONY. This is not Brutus, friend; but, I assure you, A prize no less in worth: keep this man safe, Give him all kindness: I had rather have Such men my friends than enemies. Go on, And see where Brutus be alive or dead; 30 And bring us word unto Octavius' tent How every thing is chanc'd. [Exeunt]
[Note 13: [Offering money] Ff omit.]
[Note 15: 1 SOLDIER Sold. Ff.]
[Note 17: /the news/ Pope (ed. 1728) thee newes Ff.]
[Note 18: Enter ANTONY in Ff after l. 15.]
[Note 26: /Brutus, friend/ F4 Brutus friend F1 F2 F3.]
[Note 30: /where/ Ff whether Camb Globe wh'er Capell.]
[Note 29: "There was one of Brutus' friends called Lucilius, who seeing a troop of barbarous men making no reckoning of all men else they met in their way, but going all together right against Brutus, he determined to stay them with the hazard of his life; and being left behind, told them that he was Brutus: and because they should believe him, he prayed them to bring him to Antonius, for he said he was afraid of Caesar, and that he did trust Antonius better. These barbarous men, being very glad of this good hap, and thinking themselves happy men, they carried him in the night, and sent some before unto Antonius, to tell him of their coming. He was marvellous glad of it and went out to meet them that brought him.... When they came near together, Antonius stayed awhile bethinking himself how he should use Brutus. In the meantime Lucilius was brought to him, who stoutly with a bold countenance said: 'Antonius, I dare assure thee, that no enemy hath taken or shall take Marcus Brutus alive, and I beseech God keep him from that fortune: for wheresoever ever he be found, alive or dead, he will be found like himself. And now for myself, I am come unto thee, having deceived these men of arms here, bearing them down that I was Brutus, and do not refuse to suffer any torment thou wilt put me to.'... Antonius on the other side, looking upon all them that had brought him, said unto them: 'My companions, I think ye are sorry you have failed of your purpose, and that you think this man hath done you great wrong: but I assure you, you have taken a better booty than that you followed. For instead of an enemy you have brought me a friend: and for my part, if you had brought me Brutus alive, truly I cannot tell what I should have done to him. For I had rather have such men my friends, as this man here, than mine enemies.' Then he embraced Lucilius, and at that time delivered him to one of his friends in custody; and Lucilius ever after served him faithfully, even to his death."—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Page 162]
SCENE V. Another part of the field
Enter BRUTUS, DARDANIUS, CLITUS, STRATO, and VOLUMNIUS
BRUTUS. Come, poor remains of friends, rest on this rock.
CLITUS. Statilius show'd the torch-light, but, my lord; He came not back. He is or ta'en or slain.
[Note: SCENE V Capell Scene VIII Pope. Another ... Ff omit.]
[Note 3: "Brutus thought that there was no great number of men slain in battle; and, to know the truth of it, there was one called Statilius that promised to go through his enemies, for otherwise it was impossible to go see their camp; and from thence, if all were well, that he would lift up a torch-light in the air, and then return again with speed to him. The torch-light was lift up as he had promised, for Statilius went thither. Now, Brutus seeing Statilius tarry long after that, and that he came not again, he said, 'If Statilius be alive, he will come again.' But his evil fortune was such that, as he came back, he lighted in his enemies' hands and was slain. Now the night being far spent, Brutus as he sat bowed towards Clitus, one of his men, and told him somewhat in his ear: the other answered him not, but fell a-weeping. Thereupon he proved[A] Dardanus, and said somewhat also to him: at length he came to Volumnius himself, and speaking to him in Greek, prayed him for the studies' sake which brought them acquainted together, that he would help him to put his hand to his sword, to thrust it in him to kill him. Volumnius denied his request, and so did many others."—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Note A: i.e. tried. Cf. 1 Samuel, XVII, 39.]
[Page 163]
BRUTUS. Sit thee down, Clitus: slaying is the word; 4 It is a deed in fashion. Hark thee, Clitus. [Whispering]
CLITUS. What, I, my lord? No, not for all the world.
BRUTUS. Peace then! no words.
CLITUS. I'll rather kill myself.
BRUTUS. Hark thee, Dardanius. [Whispering]
DARDANIUS. Shall I do such a deed?
CLITUS. O Dardanius!
DARDANIUS. O Clitus! 10
CLITUS. What ill request did Brutus make to thee?
DARDANIUS. To kill him, Clitus. Look, he meditates.
CLITUS. Now is that noble vessel full of grief, That it runs over even at his eyes.
BRUTUS. Come hither, good Volumnius; list a word. 15
[Note 5, 8: [Whispering] Ff omit.]
[Note 8: /Shall/ Ff Pope omits.]
[Note 13: /noble vessel full./ Cf. The Winter's Tale, III, iii, 21-22.]
[Page 164]
VOLUMNIUS. What says my lord?
BRUTUS. Why, this, Volumnius: The ghost of Caesar hath appear'd to me 17 Two several times by night; at Sardis once, And, this last night, here in Philippi fields: I know my hour is come.
VOLUMNIUS. Not so, my lord. 20
BRUTUS. Nay, I am sure it is, Volumnius. Thou seest the world, Volumnius, how it goes; Our enemies have beat us to the pit: [Low alarums] It is more worthy to leap in ourselves Than tarry till they push us. Good Volumnius, 25 Thou know'st that we two went to school together: Even for that our love of old, I prithee, Hold thou my sword-hilts, whilst I run on it.
VOLUMNIUS. That's not an office for a friend, my lord. [Alarum still]
CLITUS. Fly, fly, my lord; there is no tarrying here. 30
[Note 27: /prithee/ prethee Ff.]
[Note 28: /sword-hilts/ Sword Hilts F1 F2 Swords Hilt F3 F4. /whilst/ whilest F1 F2 while F3 F4.]
[Note 17: "The second battle being at hand, this spirit appeared again unto him, but spake never a word. Thereupon Brutus, knowing that he should die, did put himself to all hazard in battle, but yet fighting could not be slain."—Plutarch, Julius Caesar. Merivale has a strong sentence on this: "The legend that when preparing for the encounter with the triumvirs he was visited by the ghost of Caesar, which summoned him to meet again at Philippi, marks the conviction of the ancients that in the crisis of his fate he was stung by guilty remorse, and haunted by the presentiment of final retribution."]
[Note 26: See quotation from Plutarch, Marcus Brutus, p. 163.]
[Page 165]
BRUTUS. Farewell to you; and you; and you, Volumnius. Strato, thou hast been all this while asleep; Farewell to thee, too, Strato. Countrymen, My heart doth joy that yet in all my life I found no man but he was true to me. 35 I shall have glory by this losing day, More than Octavius and Mark Antony By this vile conquest shall attain unto. So, fare you well at once; for Brutus' tongue Hath almost ended his life's history: 40 Night hangs upon mine eyes; my bones would rest, That have but labour'd to attain this hour.
[Alarum. Cry within, 'Fly, fly, fly!']
CLITUS. Fly, my lord, fly!
BRUTUS. Hence! I will follow.
[Exeunt CLITUS, DARDANIUS, and VOLUMNIUS]
I prithee, Strato, stay thou by thy lord: Thou art a fellow of a good respect; 45 Thy life hath had some smatch of honour in it: Hold then my sword, and turn away thy face, While I do run upon it. Wilt thou, Strato?
[Note 33: /thee, too, Strato. Countrymen/, Theobald thee, to Strato, Countrymen: Ff.]
[Note 34: /in/ F1 F2 F3 F4 omit.]
[Note 36: /losing/ Rowe loosing Ff.]
[Note 40: /life's/ Rowe lives Ff.]
[Note 43: [Exeunt CLITUS ...] Capell Ff omit.]
[Note 43: "Amongst the rest, one of them said, there was no tarrying for them there, but that they must needs fly. Then Brutus, rising up, 'We must fly indeed,' said he, 'but it must be with our hands, not with our feet.' Then, taking every man by the hand, he said these words unto them with a cheerful countenance: 'It rejoiceth my heart, that not one of my friends hath failed me at my need, and I do not complain of my fortune, but only for my country's sake: for, as for me, I think myself happier than they that have overcome, considering that I leave a perpetual fame of virtue and honesty, the which our enemies the conquerors shall never attain unto by force or money.' Having so said, he prayed every man to shift for himself, and then he went a little aside with two or three only, among the which Strato was one, with whom he came first acquainted by the study of rhetoric. Strato, at his request, held the sword in his hand, and turned his head aside, and Brutus fell down upon it, and so ran himself through ... and died presently."—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Note 45: /of a good respect:/ of good reputation, well-esteemed. Cf. I, ii, 59.]
[Note 46: /smatch:/ smack, taste. "With the forms 'smack' for the verb and 'smatch' for the noun, compare 'ake' and 'ache' as used in the First Folio of Shakespeare."—Clar. Cf. 2 Henry IV, I, ii, 111.]
[Note 47: "Scarcely any of those who were accessory to his murder survived him more than three years, or died a natural death. They were all condemned by the Senate: some were taken off by one accident, some by another. Part of them perished at sea, others fell in battle; and some slew themselves with the same poniard with which they had stabbed Caesar."—Suetonius, Julius Caesar.]
[Page 166]
STRATO. Give me your hand first: fare you well, my lord.
BRUTUS. Farewell, good Strato. [Runs on his sword] Caesar, now be still: 50 I kill'd not thee with half so good a will. [Dies]
Alarum. Retreat. Enter ANTONY, OCTAVIUS, MESSALA. LUCILIUS, and the Army
OCTAVIUS. What man is that?
MESSALA. My master's man. Strato, where is thy master?
STRATO. Free from the bondage you are in, Messala: The conquerors can but make a fire of him; 55 For Brutus only overcame himself, And no man else hath honour by his death.
LUCILIUS. So Brutus should be found. I thank thee, Brutus, That thou hast prov'd Lucilius' saying true. 59
[Note 50: [Runs ...] Ff omit.]
[Note 52: Scene IX Pope.]
[Page 167]
OCTAVIUS. All that serv'd Brutus, I will entertain them. Fellow, wilt thou bestow thy time with me?
STRATO. Ay, if Messala will prefer me to you.
OCTAVIUS. Do so, good Messala.
MESSALA. How died my master, Strato?
STRATO. I held the sword, and he did run on it. 65
MESSALA. Octavius, then take him to follow thee, That did the latest service to my master.
ANTONY. This was the noblest Roman of them all: All the conspirators, save only he, Did that they did in envy of great Caesar; 70 He only, in a general honest thought And common good to all, made one of them. His life was gentle, and the elements So mix'd in him, that Nature might stand up And say to all the world, 'This was a man!' 75
[Note 64: /my master/ F1 my Lord F3.]
[Note 71: /He only, in/ He, onely in Ff.]
[Note 71-72: /general ... And/ Ff generous.... Of Craik.]
[Note 60: /will entertain them:/ will take them into my service.]
[Note 62: /prefer:/ recommend. Cf. The Merchant of Venice, II, ii, 155.]
[Note 68: Cf. Antony's soliloquy on Caesar, III, i, 257-258.]
[Note 69-70: "Antonius spake ... that of all them that had slain Caesar, there was none but Brutus only that was moved ... thinking the act commendable of itself; but that all the other conspirators did conspire his death for some private malice or envy that they otherwise did bear unto him."—Plutarch, Marcus Brutus.]
[Note 73-74: This refers to the old doctrine of the four elements, earth, water, air, and fire, a right proportion of which was supposed to be the principle of all excellence in nature. Shakespeare has many allusions to the doctrine, which was a commonplace of the sixteenth century. It is this common property in the idea which invalidates the importance of the argument for the date of Julius Caesar drawn from a similar passage in Drayton's revised version of his Mortimeriados (1596-1597) published in 1603 under the title of The Barons' Wars.]
[Page 168]
OCTAVIUS. According to his virtue let us use him, With all respect and rites of burial. Within my tent his bones to-night shall lie, Most like a soldier, ordered honourably. So call the field to rest; and let's away 80 To part the glories of this happy day. [Exeunt]
[Note 77: With all F3 F4 Withall F1 F2.]
[Note 79: ordered Ff order'd Pope.]
[Note 81: [Exeunt] Capell Exeunt omnes Ff.]
[Note 79: /Most like a soldier./ Cf. with these words of Octavius the speech of Fortinbras with which Hamlet closes:
Let four captains Bear Hamlet, like a soldier, to the stage; For he was likely, had he been put on, To have prov'd most royally.]
[Note 80: /call the field to rest:/ give the signal to cease fighting. 'Field,' by metonymy, is occasionally used in sixteenth century literature as synonymous with 'battle' or 'order of battle.' Cf. the expression 'to gather a field,' meaning 'to collect an armed force.' So in Hall's Chronicles, 1548: "my lorde of Winchester intended to gather any feld or assemble people." Cf., too, 'field' as a hunting term.]
[Note 81: /part:/ distribute. A specific meaning of 'part' used to be 'share one with another.' This sense is now obsolete or provincial.]
INDEX
I. WORDS AND PHRASES
This Index includes the most important words, phrases, etc., explained in the notes. The figures in heavy-faced type refer to the pages; those in plain type, to the lines containing what is explained.
/abide/: /87/ 95, /106/ 114.
/abuse/: /51/ 115.
/added slaughter to the sword/: /147/ 55.
/address'd/: /82/ 29.
/affections sway'd/: /43/ 20.
/aim/: /20/ 163.
/alchemy/: /41/ 159.
/all over/: /50/ 112.
/and/ (if): /26/ 263.
/angel/: /109/ 180.
/Antonius/: /9/ 3.
/any thing more wonderful/: /31/ 14.
/apparent prodigies/: /56/ 198.
/appositional genitive/: /54/ 157.
/apprehensive/: /84/ 67.
/are/ (is): /146/ 33.
/arrive the point/: /16/ 110.
/art/: /136/ 194.
/as/ (omitted): /128/ 80.
/as/ (redundant): /149/ 72.
/as/ (that): /11/ 34.
/at the stake and bay'd about/: /119/ 48.
/Ate/: /97/ 272.
/attraction of verb to nearest subject/: /123/ 5, /146/ 33.
/base degrees/: /43/ 26.
/basest metal/: /7/ 63.
/bastard/: /160/ 2.
/battles/: /144/ 4.
/bay'd/: /93/ 205, /119/ 48.
/be let blood/: /91/ 153.
/be not fond, to think/: /83/ 39.
/bear hard/: /29/ 310, /57/ 215.
/bear me a bang/: /115/ 18.
/bears with glasses/: /57/ 205.
/behaviours/: /12/ 42.
/beholding/: /103/ 65.
/bend/: /17/ 123.
/bending their expedition/: /134/ 170.
/betimes/: /143/ 307.
/betray/: /58/ 225.
/bills/: /152/ 1.
/bird of night/: /32/ 26.
/bloods/: /140/ 262.
/bloody sign/: /145/ 14.
/blunt/: /28/ 292.
/bondman/: /37/ 101.
/brav'd/: /130/ 96.
/bravery/: /144/ 10.
/break with him/: /53/ 150.
/bright day/: /43/ 14.
/brook'd/: /19/ 159.
/brother/: /48/ 70.
/brought/: /30/ 1.
/brutish/: /104/ 104.
/Brutus hath a suit/: /78/ 42.
/Brutus may but find it/: /40/ 144.
/bury/: /104/ 74.
/by/: /91/ 163.
/by him/: /58/ 218.
/by means whereof/: /12/ 49.
/by this/: /38/ 125.
/Caesar doth not wrong/: /83/ 47.
/Caesar's arrogance/: /84/ 72.
/Caesar's trophies/: /8/ 71.
/call in question/: /134/ 165.
/Caius Cassius Longinus/: /11/ 36.
/Capitol/: /80/ 12.
/carrions/: /52/ 130.
/Casca's sentiments/: /88/ 102.
/cast yourself in/: /35/ 60.
/Cato's daughter/: /63/ 295.
/cautelous/: /52/ 129.
/censure/: /101/ 16.
/ceremonies/: /7/ 67, /67/ 13.
/chafing/: /15/ 101.
/change/: /120/ 7, /156/ 51.
/charactery/: /63/ 308.
/charm/: /61/ 271.
/chew/: /20/ 171.
/Cicero/ (his 'agile tongue'): /27/ 281.
/Cicero/ (his opinion of Caesar): /17/ 129.
/Cinna the poet/: /114/ 1.
/clean/: /33/ 35.
/climate/: /32/ 32.
/climber upward/: /43/ 23.
/clock/: /55/ 192.
/close/: /39/ 131.
/cobbler/: /4/ 11.
/cognizance/: /71/ 89.
/Colossus of Rhodes/: /18/ 136.
/colour/: /43/ 29.
/commend me to/: /143/ 306.
/commons/: /117/ 27.
/companion/: /132/ 138.
/conceit/: /93/ 193.
/conceited/: /41/ 162.
/condition/: /59/ 254.
/conjure/: /18/ 146.
/constancy/: /76/ 6.
/constant/: /81/ 22.
/contrive/: /75/ 14.
/couchings/: /83/ 36.
/countenance/: /41/ 159.
/counters/: /128/ 80.
/cross/: /34/ 50.
/dear my lord/: /59/ 255.
/dearer/: /93/ 197.
/deceitful jades/: /121/ 26.
/Decius Brutus/: /40/ 148, /49/ 95.
/degrees/: /43/ 26.
/destruction/: /30/ 13.
/dew of slumber/: /58/ 230.
/dint/: /109/ 193.
/directly/: /4/ 12.
/discard my sickness/: /65/ 321.
/dishonour shall be humour/: /130/ 109.
/distract/: /133/ 155.
/do danger with/: /43/ 17.
/dogs of war/: /97/ 274.
/doth not Brutus bootless kneel?/ /85/ 75.
/double comparatives and superlatives/: /90/ 132.
/double negatives/: /59/ 237, /135/ 183.
/doublet/: /26/ 263.
/drachma/: /111/ 241.
/eagles/: /149/ 80.
/element/: /38/ 128.
/elements/: /167/ 73.
/elephants with holes/: /57/ 205.
/emulation/: /75/ 12.
/enforc'd/: /101/ 38.
/enlarge your griefs/: /122/ 46.
/ensign/: /153/ 3.
/enter a Servant/: /89/ 123.
/entertain/: /167/ 60.
/envious/: /109/ 174.
/envy/: /54/ 164.
/Erebus/: /48/ 84.
/error, melancholy's child/: /157/ 67.
/et tu, Brute/: /85/ 77.
/eternal/: /19/ 160.
/ethical dative/: /26/ 263, /115/ 18.
/even virtue/: /52/ 133.
/evils/: /48/ 79.
/except immortal Caesar/: /13/ 60.
/exhalations/: /45/ 44.
/exigent/: /145/ 19.
/exorcist/: /65/ 323.
/extenuated/: /101/ 37.
/face of men/: /51/ 114.
/factious/: /38/ 118.
/fall/: /121/ 26.
/falling-sickness/: /16/ 119, /25/ 252.
/falls shrewdly to the purpose/: /90/ 147.
/false/: /143/ 291.
/familiar instances/: /121/ 16.
/far/: /108/ 166.
/fat/: /22/ 192.
/favour/: /15/ 91, /38/ 129, /48/ 76.
/ferret/: /21/ 186.
/fever/: /16/ 119.
/field/: /168/ 80.
/fifteen/: /46/ 59.
/fire/: /92/ 172, /112/ 254.
/first of March/: /45/ 40.
/fleering/: /38/ 117.
/flint/: /130/ 111.
/former/: /149/ 80.
/forms/: /113/ 258.
/forth/: /27/ 286.
/fret/: /50/ 104.
/from/: /33/ 35, /35/ 64, /56/ 196.
/full of good regard/: /95/ 225.
/gamesome/: /11/ 28.
/general/: /43/ 12.
/general coffers fill/: /104/ 89.
/Genius/: /47/ 66.
/ghost of Caesar/: /164/ 17.
/give some soil to/: /12/ 42.
/glaz'd/: /32/ 21.
/go to/: /126/ 32.
/goes up/: /147/ 52.
/good respect/: /165/ 45.
/great flood/: /19/ 152.
/Greek to me/: /27/ 281.
/greets me well/: /120/ 6.
/griefs/: /38/ 118, /122/ 46.
/growing on/: /50/ 107.
/hands/: /29/ 313.
/hard/: /29/ 310, /57/ 215.
/hats/: /48/ 73.
/havoc/: /97/ 274.
/heap/: /32/ 23.
/hearts of controversy/: /16/ 109.
/held Epicurus strong/: /149/ 77.
/her/ (of the Tiber): /6/ 47.
/here's the book/: /139/ 252.
/high/: /50/ 110.
/high-sighted tyranny/: /51/ 118.
/hilts/: /155/ 43.
/his/ (its): /17/ 124, /124/ 8.
/hold, my hand/: /38/ 117.
/holy chase/: /9/ 8.
/honey-heavy dew/: /58/ 230.
/honourable man/: /104/ 99.
/hot at hand/: /121/ 23.
/how/: /121/ 14.
/how ill this taper burns/: /141/ 275.
/however/: /28/ 296.
/humour/ (v.): /29/ 312.
/humour/ (n.): /59/ 250, /130/ 109.
/hurtled/: /67/ 22.
/Hybla/: /146/ 34.
/Ides of March/: /10/ 18, /79/ 1.
/images/: /7/ 66.
/impatient of my absence/: /133/ 152.
/in our stars/: /18/ 140.
/in respect of/: /4/ 10.
/in some taste/: /118/ 34.
/in strength of malice/: /92/ 175.
/in their bosoms/: /144/ 7.
/incorporate/: /39/ 135.
/indifferently/: /14/ 87.
/indirection/: /128/ 75.
/infinitive used gerundively/: /6/ 48, /52/ 135, /107/ 150, /124/ 6.
/insuppressive/: /52/ 134.
/it must be by his death/: /43/ 10.
/jades/: /121/ 26.
/jealous/: /20/ 162.
/jealous on/: /13/ 71.
/jigging/: /132/ 137.
/just/: /13/ 54.
/kerchief/: /64/ 315.
/keynote of the play/: /158/ 94.
/kind/: /35/ 64.
/knave/: /139/ 241.
/Labeo and Flavius/: /159/ 108.
/laughter/: /13/ 72.
/law of children/: /83/ 39.
/leaden mace/: /141/ 268.
/lean/: /22/ 194.
/legions on the other side/: /152/ 2.
/let it be who it is/: /36/ 80.
/let slip/: /97/ 274.
/lethe/: /94/ 207.
/liable/: /71/ 104.
/lief/: /15/ 95.
/limbs/: /97/ 263.
/lion in the Capitol/: /35/ 75.
/listen/: /118/ 41.
/live (if I live)/: /91/ 160.
/lover/: /75/ 8, /100/ 13.
/loves no plays/: /23/ 203.
/Lucilius/: /161/ 29.
/Lucilius and Titinius/: /122/ 52.
/Lucius Junius Brutus/: /19/ 159.
/Lupercal/: /8/ 69, /104/ 95.
/mace/: /141/ 268.
/main/: /56/ 196.
/make head/: /118/ 42.
/makes to/: /80/ 18.
/man of any occupation/: /26/ 264.
/many a time and oft/: /6/ 39.
/mark/: /80/ 18.
/market-place/: /95/ 229.
/marry/: /26/ 261.
/me/ (eth. dat.): /26/ 263, /115/ 18.
/means/: /12/ 49.
/mechanical/: /3/ 3.
/merely/: /12/ 39.
/metal/: /7/ 63.
/mettle/: /7/ 63, /28/ 293.
/mistook/: /12/ 48.
/mock apt to be render'd/: /71/ 96.
/modesty/: /94/ 214.
/moe/: /48/ 72, /159/ 101.
/monstrous apparition/: /141/ 277.
/monstrous state/: /35/ 71.
/mortal instruments/: /47/ 66.
/mortified spirit/: /65/ 324.
/most boldest/: /89/ 122.
/most like a soldier/: /168/ 79.
/motion/: /46/ 64.
/murderous slumber/: /141/ 267.
/music/: /23/ 204.
/napkins/: /106/ 133.
/narrow/: /18/ 135.
/nature of/: /47/ 69.
/neat's-leather/: /5/ 27.
/new-added/: /137/ 209.
/nice/: /124/ 8.
/niggard/: /138/ 228.
/night-gown/: /66/ 1.
/no fear/: /55/ 190.
/no, not an oath/: /51/ 114.
/noble vessel full/: /163/ 13.
/none so poor/: /106/ 120.
/nor ... neither/: /59/ 237.
/nor nothing/: /135/ 183.
/noted/: /123/ 2.
/nothing, Messala/: /135/ 184.
/nothing jealous/: /20/ 162.
/nowt/: /5/ 27.
/oath/: /51/ 114.
/observe/: /126/ 45.
/Octavius/: /145/ 20, /147/ 48.
/o'ershot myself to tell/: /107/ 150.
/o'er-watch'd/: /139/ 241.
/of force/: /137/ 203.
/of him/: /54/ 157.
/of the best respect/: /13/ 59.
/old men, fools, and children/: /35/ 65.
/omission of indefinite article/: /33/ 42.
/omission of the relative/: /63/ 309.
/on/: /13/ 71.
/on the Lupercal/: /104/ 95.
/on this side Tiber/: /112/ 248.
/once/: /136/ 191.
/only proper to myself/: /12/ 41.
/opinion/: /53/ 145.
/orchard/: /42/ 1.
/order of his funeral/: /95/ 231.
/ought not walk/: /3/ 3.
/out/: /4/ 17, 18.
/palter/: /52/ 126.
/part/: /168/ 81.
/passion/: /12/ 48.
/passions of some difference/: /12/ 40.
/past tense for past participle/: /12/ 48.
/path/: /48/ 83.
/peevish/: /148/ 61.
/phantasma/: /46/ 65.
/philosophy/: /132/ 145.
/physical/: /60/ 261.
/pitch/: /8/ 75.
/plays thee music/: /141/ 269.
/Plutus/: /130/ 102.
/Pompey/ (at Pharsalia): /149/ 75.
/Pompey's basis/: /89/ 115.
/Pompey's porch/: /38/ 126.
/poor knave/: /139/ 241.
/posture of your blows/: /146/ 33.
/praetor's chair/: /40/ 143.
/prefer/: /167/ 62.
/preformed/: /35/ 67.
/pre-ordinance and first decree/: /83/ 38.
/presently/: /82/ 28, /136/ 197.
/prevent/: /43/ 28.
/prevent the time/: /151/ 105.
/prevention/: /48/ 85.
/proceeded/: /21/ 181.
/prodigies/: /56/ 198.
/prodigious/: /35/ 77.
/produce/: /95/ 229.
/promis'd forth/: /27/ 286.
/proof/: /43/ 21.
/proper/ (goodly, handsome): /5/ 26.
/proper to myself/: /12/ 41.
/property/: /118/ 40.
/protest/: /13/ 74.
/Publius/ (Caesar): /117/ 4.
/Publius Silicius/: /73/ 108.
/pulpits/: /86/ 80.
/purgers/: /54/ 180.
/put on/ (betray): /58/ 225.
/quality/: /35/ 64.
/quarrel/: /43/ 28.
/question/: /134/ 165.
/question of his death/: /101/ 36.
/quick spirit/: /11/ 29.
/rank/: /91/ 153.
/rascal/: /128/ 80.
/regard/: /95/ 225.
/remorse/: /43/ 19.
/repealing/: /84/ 51.
/replication/: /6/ 48.
/resolv'd/: /90/ 132, /109/ 178, /121/ 14.
/retentive to the strength/: /37/ 95.
/rheumy/: /61/ 266.
/rid/: /113/ 268.
/Rome/: /19/ 156, /99/ 290.
/ruddy drops/: /63/ 289.
/rumour/: /76/ 18.
/sad/: /23/ 217.
/saucy/: /30/ 11.
/saving of thy life/: /155/ 38.
/secret Romans/: /52/ 125.
/security gives way to/: /75/ 6.
/sennet/: /10/ 24.
/set on/: /143/ 307.
/should/: /18/ 142.
/should/ (would): /69/ 42.
/sign'd in thy spoil/: /93/ 207.
/singular verbs with plural subjects/: /40/ 148.
/slighted off/: /123/ 5.
/smatch/: /165/ 46.
/so please him come/: /90/ 141.
/soft/: /25/ 249.
/soil/: /12/ 43.
/soles/: /4/ 15.
/sooth/: /76/ 20.
/soothsayer/: /10/ 19, /77/ 21.
/speed/: /14/ 88.
/spleen/: /126/ 47.
/spoil/: /93/ 207.
/stale/: /13/ 73.
/stal'd/: /118/ 38.
/stand upon/: /88/ 101.
/stare/: /141/ 280.
/Statilius/: /162/ 3.
/statue/: /70/ 76.
/stomachs/: /148/ 66.
/strain/: /148/ 59.
/stricken/: /55/ 192.
/suburbs/: /62/ 285.
/success/: /67/ 6.
/sufferance/: /51/ 115.
/sway of earth/: /30/ 3.
/sword/: /155/ 46.
/tag-rag people/: /25/ 256.
/take thought and die/: /55/ 187.
/tardy form/: /28/ 296.
/taste/: /118/ 34.
/taste of death/: /68/ 33.
/temper/: /17/ 129.
/Thasos/: /159/ 104.
/that/: /6/ 47.
/that it is disposed/: /29/ 307.
/there is tears/: /101/ 26.
/there was a crown offered him/: /24/ 220.
/these/ (such and such): /32/ 30.
/these ... as/: /20/ 174.
/thews/: /36/ 81.
/they stab Caesar/: /85/ 76.
/things unluckily charge/: /114/ 2.
/thorough/: /90/ 137.
/three and thirty/: /147/ 53.
/thunder-stone/: /34/ 49.
/tide in the affairs of men/: /137/ 218.
/times abuse/: /51/ 115.
/'tis just/: /13/ 54.
/to hear/: /6/ 48.
/to hell among the rogues/: /26/ 265.
/to mourn/: /104/ 103.
/to-night/: /70/ 76, /114/ 1.
/to think/: /52/ 135.
/to write/: /124/ 6.
/toils/: /57/ 206.
/trod upon neat's-leather/: /5/ 27.
/trophies/: /8/ 71.
/true/: /25/ 259.
/unbraced/: /34/ 48.
/undergo/: /38/ 123.
/unfirm/: /30/ 4.
/unmeritable/: /117/ 13.
/upon a heap/: /32/ 23.
/upon a wish/: /113/ 265.
/us ourself/: /79/ 8.
/ventures/: /137/ 224.
/vulgar/ (n.): /8/ 72.
/walks/: /19/ 155.
/warn/: /144/ 5.
/was/ (were): /123/ 5.
/wear a kerchief/: /64/ 315.
/weighing/: /50/ 108.
/well given/: /22/ 197.
/what/: /33/ 43, /42/ 1.
/what need we/: /51/ 123.
/what villain touch'd/: /125/ 20.
/where/: /13/ 59.
/where/ (whether): /7/ 63, /158/ 97.
/whether/: /56/ 194.
/who/: /32/ 21.
/wind/ (v.): /118/ 32.
/wit/: /110/ 219.
/with/: /36/ 83, /97/ 269.
/with a spot I damn him/: /117/ 6.
/with a thought/: /154/ 19.
/wonderful/: /31/ 14.
/work alive/: /136/ 196.
/work me to/: /20/ 163.
/worthy note/: /21/ 181.
/writ/: /135/ 183.
/wrong/ (harm): /96/ 243.
/yearns/: /74/ 129.
/yonder troops/: /154/ 16.
/you/: /3/ 9.
/you know/: /32/ 15.
/you were best/: /115/ 12.
/you'll bear me/: /115/ 18.
II. QUOTATIONS FROM PLUTARCH
/Antony, Octavius, and Lepidus/: /116/ 1.
/Antony a lover of plays/: /23/ 203.
/Antony and Caesar's burial/: /95/ 231.
/Antony and Lepidus/: /87/ 97.
/Antony's eulogy of Brutus/: /167/ 69.
/Antony's oration/: /103/ 72.
/Antony's personal habits/: /55/ 188.
/Artemidorus and Caesar/: /75/ 1.
/Brutus, Statilius, and Dardanus/: /162/ 3.
/Brutus and Cassius/: /123/ 1, /124/ 8, /125/ 18, 28, /129/ 82, /137/ 203.
/Brutus and Lucius Pella/: /123/ 3.
/Brutus and Popilius Laena/: /81/ 23.
/Brutus and the apparition/: /141/ 277, /164/ 17.
/Brutus and the Senators/: /87/ 83, /93/ 181.
/Brutus and writings on his chair/: /40/ 143.
/Brutus as Praetor/: /40/ 143.
/Brutus impersonated by Lucilius/: /161/ 29.
/Brutus on Cassius's death/: /159/ 104.
/Brutus sends the word of battle/: /152/ 1.
/Brutus's death/: /165/ 43.
/Brutus's habits/: /139/ 252.
/Brutus's influence/: /51/ 114.
/Brutus's manner of speech/: /102/ 43.
/Brutus's philosophy of life/: /151/ 105.
/Brutus's speech/: /100/ 11.
/Caesar and Calpurnia/: /66/ 2.
/Caesar and Decius/: /72/ 107.
/Caesar and the Soothsayer/: /79/ 1.
/Caesar stricken like a hunted beast/: /93/ 205.
/Caesar's blood on Pompey's image/: /89/ 116.
/Caesar's death/: /85/ 77.
/Caesar's death omens/: /31/ 14.
/Caesar's description of Cassius/: /22/ 192.
/Caesar's falling-sickness/: /26/ 268.
/Caesar's images/: /7/ 67.
/Caesar's prowess/: /109/ 172.
/Caesar's superstitions/: /72/ 107.
/Caesar's testament/: /111/ 239.
/Caesar's triumph over the Pompeians/: /6/ 53.
/Caesar's views on death/: /68/ 33.
/Calpurnia pleads with Caesar/: /66/ 2.
/Cassius an Epicurean/: /149/ 77.
/Cassius and Pindarus/: /155/ 50.
/Cassius and Titinius/: /157/ 90.
/Cassius described by Caesar/: /22/ 192.
/Cassius's birthday/: /149/ 72.
/Cassius's character/: /23/ 203.
/Cassius's sword/: /155/ 46.
/Cassius's weak sight/: /154/ 21.
/Cicero and the conspirators/: /53/ 150.
/Cicero's death/: /135/ 179.
/Cinna's dream and death/: /114/ 1.
/Decius pleads with Caesar/: /72/ 107.
/eagles on the ensigns/: /149/ 80.
/effect of the murder upon the people/: /87/ 98.
/exhalations/: /45/ 44.
/first of March/: /45/ 40.
/hour of the battle/: /159/ 109.
/Ides of March/: /79/ 1.
/Ligarius/: /57/ 215.
/Lucilius impersonates Brutus/: /161/ 29.
/mob's violence/: /112/ 252.
/Munda/ (battle of): /6/ 53.
/Phaonius quotes Homer/: /131/ 128.
/Poet's interruption/: /131/ 130.
/Pompey's porch/: /38/ 126.
/Portia's/ (Porcia) /anxiety/: /75/ 1.
/Portia's courage/: /62/ 279.
/Portia's death/: /133/ 156.
/Portia's suspicion/: /59/ 233.
/signal of battle/: /145/ 14.
/soothsayer's warning/: /79/ 1.
/Titinius kills himself/: /157/ 90.
/triumvirs meet near Bononia/: /116/ 1.
/Young Cato's death/: /160/ 11.
Transcriber's Note: Phrases in bold print are surrounded by slashes. Phrases in italics are surrounded by the underscore character _. In the Index, the figures in bold refer to the page numbers, the other figures refer to the lines. The original page numbers have been retained for the play section of the text. An amendment was made to the text of Note 24 on Page 10: "notes on a trumpet. used, as here," has been changed to "notes on a trumpet, used, as here,"
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