D. Anacleto del Rosario, the distinguished Filipino chemist, tells me that he once witnessed a case of poisoning by the fruit of the lumbn, the patient being a native boy. Doubtless the milky juice, so active in all the Euphorbiace, was the cause of the symptoms. It is true that the kernel causes colic and copious alvine discharges.

Nellino's chemical analysis of the seeds is as follows:

Water 5.25 Fatty matter 62.97 Cellulose 28.99 Mineral matter 2.79

The ashes contain the following matters:

Lime 28.69% Magnesia 6.01% Potash 11.23% Phosphoric acid 20.30%

The oil is yellow, syrupy, transparent, odorless, insipid.

Botanical Description.—A tree with leaves bunched or clustered, 3-5 lobulate with as many nerves. Petioles about as long as the leaves. Flowers white, terminal in panicles, the pistillate mixed with the more numerous staminate flowers. Staminate: Calyx monophyllous, cylindrical, 2-toothed; corolla, 5 linear petals twice as long as the calyx; stamens 20 or more, joined in a column at their bases. Pistillate: Calyx and corolla as above; ovary of 2 or 3 uniovulate locules, encircled by a disk; style 2-or 3-branched. Seed vessel large, ovate, compressed, fleshy, 2 sutures at right angles, 2 compartments, in each a hard nut.

Habitat.—Grows all over Luzon and is well known to the natives.



Croton Tiglium, L. (C. glandulosum, C. muricatum, Blanco.)

Nom. Vulg.—Tuba kamaisa, Tag.; The Purging Croton, Eng.

Uses.—The fruit is used by the Filipinos to intoxicate the fish in ponds and sluggish streams. The seeds contain an oil that is official in all Pharmacopoeias as one of the most powerful hydragogue cathartics. As it is intensely irritating it should never be administered alone but combined with other substances, such as castor oil, or in pill form. The internal dose is 1 to 2 drops. It is considered a specific for lead colic and is indicated when not only purgation but active irritation of the digestive canal is desired.

Applied to the skin it is a strong irritant causing rapid and painful vesication. Great care should be exercised not to raise the hands to the eyes after touching the oil, as serious inflammation might result.

Botanical Description.—A small tree, 8-9 high, with rough trunk. Leaves alternate, ovate, acute, minutely serrate, both surfaces beset with sharp hairs. Flowers yellowish-white, monoecious. Staminate: Fewer than the pistillate, growing above them; calyx 5-toothed; corolla, 5 woolly petals; stamens 16, joined in the center. Pistillate: Calyx 5-toothed; corolla much less developed than in the staminate; ovary free, 3 uniovulate locules; styles 3, bifid. Seed vessel dry, with thin envelope bristling with stiff hairs; 3 carpels each containing a seed.

Habitat.—Common in Luzon.



Acalypha Indica, L. (A. Caroliniana, Blanco.)

Nom. Vulg.—Not known.

Uses.—This plant is not used medicinally in the Philippines, but is very common in India. Dr. G. Bidie, of Madras, states that the expressed juice of the leaves is in great repute, wherever the plant grows, as an emetic for children and is safe, certain and speedy in its action. Like ipecacuanha it seems to have little tendency to act on the bowels or depress the vital powers, and it decidedly increases the secretion of the pulmonary organs. Probably an infusion of the dried leaves or an extract prepared from the green plant would retain all its active properties. The dose of the expressed juice for an infant is a teaspoonful.

Dr. A. E. Ross speaks highly of its use as an expectorant, ranking it in this respect with senega; he found it especially useful in the bronchitis of children. He also makes favorable report of a cataplasm of the leaves as a local application to syphilitic ulcers and as a means of relieving the pain attendant on the bites of venomous insects.

The alleged purgative action of the root noticed by Ainslie is confirmed by Dr. H. E. Busteed, who reports having used the expressed juice of the root and leaves as a laxative for children.

Langley, a military surgeon, states that in Canara the natives employ the leaf juice in congestive headache, soaking pledgets of cotton with it and introducing them into the nasal foss; the resultant nose bleed relieves the headache. The powder of the dry leaves is dusted on ulcers and putrid sores. In asthma and bronchitis, both of children and adults, Langley has used this plant with good results, and he recommends 1.25-3.50 grams of the tincture (100 grams of the fresh plant to 500 of alcohol, 90) repeated several times a day; the effect is expectorant, nauseant and, in large doses, emetic.

It must be noted that only the young, growing plants are active.

The flowers of another species, A. hispida, Burm., called bugos in Tag. and Vis., is used in India for the dysentery.

Botanical Description.—A little plant, about 3 high. Leaves alternate, broad, lanceolate, 5-nerved, serrate from middle to apex. Petioles much longer than the leaves, 2 stipules at their bases. Flowers greenish, monoecious in axillary spikes, pedunculate, as long as the leaves, crowned by a prolongation of the axis in the form of a cross. Staminate: Numerous, in upper part of spike; calyx 4 parts; no corolla; stamens 8-16, small, free. Pistillate: Less in number, at the base of the spike; perianth of 3 imbricated leaflets; ovary, 3 uniovulate locules; style, 3 branches which also subdivide. Capsule 3-celled, each cell containing a globose seed with cicatrix.

Habitat.—Luzon, Panay and Mindanao. Blooms in October.



Echinus Philippensis, H. Baillon. (Croton Philippense, Lamk.; Rottlera tinctoria, Roxb.; Mallotus Philippensis, Mll.)

Nom. Vulg.—Banato, Tag.; Buas, Vuas, Iloc.; Monkey-face Tree, Kamala or Kamala Dye, Indo-Eng.

Uses.—The capsular fruit of this plant is thickly beset with reddish glands and hairs, which, when brushed off and gathered in powder form, constitute the kamala dye of the Hindoos. It was mentioned by the Arabian physicians of the tenth century under the names of Kanbil and Wars. In India the powder is highly valued as a yellow dye-stuff for silk. Medicinally it is used as an anthelmintic, the English physician Mackinnon, of the Bengal Hospital, having been the first to scientifically prove this property; he reported that it was successful in expelling the tape-worm. It is now official in the Pharmacopoeia of India and also in the U. S. P. as an anthelmintic and purgative; in Switzerland it is commonly given to expel the bothriocephalus which abounds there, the lake fish acting as hosts.

The dose recommended by the Pharmacopoeia of India is 8-12 grams, divided in 3 or 4 doses. This amount sometimes causes nausea and colic; in the third or fourth stool the tnia is commonly expelled in a lifeless condition. Dujardin-Beaumetz advises a dose of 30 grams of castor oil in case the tnia has not been expelled 2 hours after the last dose of kamala. The powder is efficacious but the tincture seems to be surer; the dose is 6 grams for children and 20 for adults, given in divided doses in aromatic water every hour for 6 hours. This tincture is prepared by macerating 200 grams of kamala in 500 cc. alcohol for 7 days; then filtering with expression and adding enough alcohol to complete the 500 cc.

The powder is also used in India as a local application in herpes circinata. It is insoluble in water; in ether and alcohol it yields 80% of a red resin. Anderson noted that a concentrated ethereal solution of kamala after a few days formed a solid crystalline mass, yellow, very soluble in ether; this substance he named rottlerin, C11H10O3.

Botanical Description.—A tree, 6-8 meters high, covered with stellate groups of short yellow hairs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, rhomboid-oval or lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved, entire or slightly dentate, upper surface glabrous, lower surface covered with woolly hairs and powdery red glands. Flowers yellowish-green, small, dioecious, apetalous, in spikes. Staminate: By 3's in the axil of each bract; perianth, 3 or 5 deeply cut, lanceolate lobules; stamens 15-25, free, inserted in the center of the flower. Pistillate: In the axil of each bract; ovary, 3 locules each with 1 ovule, covered like the leaves with hairs and yellow, granular glands. Seed vessel globose, 3-celled, like ovary covered with hairs and glands.

Habitat.—Mountains of Morong, San Mateo, Tarlak, Bosoboso, Ilocos Norte, Albay and Batangas.



Ricinus communis, L. (Variety microcarpus, Mll.)

Nom. Vulg.—Tangantangan, Lingasina, Tag.; Tangantangan, Tawatawasinga, Iloc.; Castor Oil Plant, Eng.

Uses.—A purgative oil is expressed from the seeds, called "Aceite de Ricino" (castor oil). It operates mechanically in the intestinal tract and its action is rapid and is indicated whenever it is desired simply to empty the intestines without producing any irritating effect; it is, therefore, a purgative indicated in diseases of children, in pregnancy, and in hemorrhoidal congestions where a non-irritating evacuation of the rectum is desired. It is an anthelmintic, though not ordinarily given alone, but in combination with other drugs of a purely anthelmintic action, the object being to expel the worms which have been attacked by the specific.

Oil extracted simply by expression is less purgative than that obtained by treating the seeds with bisulphide of carbon and absolute alcohol; also less purgative than the seeds themselves, because it contains only a very small proportion of a drastic principle existing exclusively in the seeds; this principle is completely dissolved in the oil extracted by chemical process.

It is pale yellow in color, very viscid, with a characteristic mouldy odor. The purgative dose is 10-30 grams. A small dose may purge as actively as a larger one provided that the patient drink abundantly after the administration of the drug. The best method of disguising its taste is by giving it in half a cup of very strong, hot coffee. Just before the dose, take a swallow of coffee to disguise the taste even more effectually.

Castor oil enters into the composition of elastic collodion (simple collodion, 30 grams, castor oil, 2 grams). The leaves pounded and boiled are applied as a poultice to foul ulcers.

Botanical Description.—There are two forms of this variety in the Philippines, possessing the same properties and known by the same common name: R. viridis, Mll. (R. communis, Blanco) and R. subpurpurascens, Mll.; the former is the more common and has a glabrous, fistular stem. Leaves peltate, palmately cleft in 7 or 9 lobules, lanceolate, serrate. Petioles long. Flowers greenish, monoecious, the staminate ones in large panicled clusters below the pistillate. Filaments numerous, subdivided into several anther-bearing branches. Pistillate flowers, 3 sepals, 3 styles. Seed vessel, 3 prickly capsules, containing solitary seeds.

The R. subpurpurascens is distinguished from the former by bearing 2 glandules at the base of the leaves, the mulberry color of which latter suggests its common name, Tangantangan na morado, Tag., Vis.

Habitat.—Very common in Luzon, Mindanao and other islands.



URTICACE.

Nettle Family.



Artocarpus integrifolia, Willd.

Nom. Vulg.—Nangka, Tag.; Jack Fruit Tree, Eng.

Uses.—The huge fruit of this tree is well known to the Filipinos and well liked by them as an article of food, eaten fresh or in sweet preserves. The arils and pulpy envelopes of the seeds are the parts eaten, also the seeds themselves, boiled or roasted. According to Padre Mercado the roasted seeds have an aphrodisiac action.

The heated and powdered leaves are applied to wounds and given internally for congestions. The resin of the trunk is a useful application to ulcers and in India they give it internally to cure la melena, the dose, one "tola" mixed with the same amount of manga resin and a little lime water. The same resin if heated makes an excellent cement for broken china.

Botanical Description.—A tree, 20 or more in height, with abundant milky sap. Leaves alternate, oval, acute at both ends, slightly wavy and revolute borders, tough, glabrous and dark green upper surface; light green, slightly rough under surface. Petioles short. Flowers greenish, monoecious, growing on root, trunk and branches. Calyx very small, monophyllous, of about 7 deciduous lobules. Staminate: On a club-shaped receptacle, 3' or 4' long, bristling with the stamens; filaments very short, anthers 2-celled. Pistillate: On a common, oblong receptacle which ripens to the great fruit; style 1, short; rarely 2 divergent styles; stigmas acute. Fruit about size and shape of a small watermelon, beset with many sharp eminences, containing many seeds enveloped in thick arils.

Habitat.—It grows in all parts of the Archipelago and is commonly known.



Laportea gaudichaudiana, Wedd. (Urtica umbellata, U. ferox, Blanco.)

Nom. Vulg.—Lingaton, Lipa, Apariagua (?), Tag., Vis.; Lipangdoton, Pam.

Uses.—The Padre Mercado writes as follows concerning the properties of this plant: "The leaves, applied with salt in the form of a plaster, purify dog bites, foul, putrid, malignant and cankerous ulcers; they cure boils, contusions and all abscesses; mixed with wax they may be applied for obstruction of the spleen; mashed with the juice and inserted in the nose they arrest nose-bleed; cooked with snails they soften the stomach, excite the secretion of urine and dissipate flatus; the juice given as a gargle aborts inflammation of the epiglottis. The seeds mixed with wine are a sexual excitant and "clear out" the womb; taken with syrup they relieve dyspnoea, pain in the side and inflammation of the lungs and force up the humors from the chest; it may be mixed with medicines that corrupt the flesh (sic). The grated root drunk with wine relieves painful flatulence. I myself (continues the Padre Mercado) have experimented with a woman who suffered with painful flatulence and this remedy relieved her."

We repeat that all the foregoing is copied from the writings of Padre Mercado and we offer it as a therapeutic curiosity.

P. Blanco states that merely to touch the leaves causes an intolerable itching.

Botanical Description.—A small tree, 12-15 high, trunk richly branched. Leaves opposite, bunched at the ends of the branches, notched at the base, long, ovate, serrate, hairy on both surfaces. Flowers yellowish-white, dioecious. Staminate: In compound racemes; calyx 4 parts; corolla none; stamens 4, inserted on the base of the calyx. Pistillate: Flowers in 2-forked umbel, flat, very large; calyx, none; stamens none; stigma 1; seed heart-shaped.

Habitat.—Very common in all the fields and in the mountains. Blooms in June.



CASUARINE.

Beefwood Family.



Casuarina Sumatrana, Jung. (C. equisetifolia, Blanco.)

Nom. Vulg.—Agoho, Tag.; Malabohok, Agoho, Vis.; Aro, Karo, Ago, Iloc.

Uses.—The bark is astringent by virtue of the large quantity of tannin it contains. Its principal use is in decoction in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery and hmoptysis; it is also given in amenorrhoea, though it is apt to increase the pain. Externally it is used as a wash for contusions and ulcers.

Another species, C. equisetifolia, Forst., confounded with the former species by the natives, has the same therapeutic applications.

Botanical Description.—A tree with stellately arranged straight branches. Leaves stellate, long, narrow, linear, 4-grooved. They have been compared to the tail of a horse and the tail of a certain bird—the casobar. Staminate and pistillate flowers greenish, on different parts of the same stalk. Staminate, in small aments. Pistillate on small globose aments; calyx proper of the floweret, a coarse scale; corolla none; ovary conical; styles 2, flattened, divergent; stigmas acute. Fruit: Each floweret produces a woody seed-vessel, bivalved, ovate, glabrous, with a small seed ending in an oval wing; all these seed vessels joined form a small cone about 1' long.

Habitat.—Very common in Ilocos, Tarlak, Binangonang of Lampong and N. Ecija.



MONOCOTYLEDONS.



MUSACE.

Banana Family.



Musa paradisiaca, L.

M. sapientum, L.

Nom. Vulg. Pltano, Sp.; Saging, Tag., etc.; Banana, Eng.

Uses.—The fruit produced by the various varieties of the banana plant constitutes one of the most wholesome and delicious of foods, appreciated by natives and Europeans alike. According to Boussingaul its nutritive value is greater than that of the potato and it may be used constantly without ill effects. Bananas contain a large percentage of sugar and mucilage. In India they dry them in the sun, as figs and grapes are treated in other countries and thus preserve them for long voyages by sea or land; eaten in conjunction with animal food they are a strong preventive of scurvy. If eaten when thoroughly ripe they have a laxative effect.

The young and tender leaves are used in the Philippines as a protective dressing for ulcers, dermatitis, burns and cantharidal or other artificial blisters. Before applying to the affected surface the leaf is heated to make it more flexible and coated with a thin layer of cocoanut oil or other fatty substance.

In the dispensaries of India they also use the leaves in this way, thus protecting and at the same time maintaining the moisture of the part. Dr. Waring recommends the practice and Dr. Van Someren follows it in the application of water dressings, having substituted banana leaves for gutta-percha.

In Mauritius the fruit is used for dysentery, and the flowers, together with an equal quantity of those of Spilanthes Acmella, are made into a decoction and prescribed for dropsy.

Botanical Description.—The banana plant with its huge waving leaves and succulent stem is universally familiar. The flower stalk rises through the center developing a drooping spike, the flowers in short rows in the axils of its large purplish bracts. According to Blanco there are 57 varieties of this plant in the Philippines, the following being the most common edible varieties: bungulang, lakatan, letondang, obispo, higo, morado, butuan, bentikohol, sab, tampuhing.

Habitat.—Common everywhere in the islands.



ZINGIBERACE.

Ginger Family.



Zingiber officinale, L. (Amomum zingiber, L. and Blanco.)

Nom. Vulg.—Ajengibre, Jengibre, Sp.; Luya, Tag.; Laya, Bic.; Ginger, Eng.

Uses.—The rhizome is used principally as a condiment in the Philippines. Its flavor is extremely agreeable, much appreciated in Europe by the English who are the greatest consumers of the condiment. In the Philippines a decoction is made of ginger and brown sugar, called tahu by the Chinese who drink it regularly as we do coffee in the early hours of the morning. It is an excellent drink, aromatic, tonic, stomachic and stimulant, and would probably be highly useful as well as economical as a part of the ration of European and native troops in the field. Hot tah or tahu is an active diuretic; and during the last epidemic of cholera in Manila some physicians used it with very satisfactory results.

Ginger is a good carminative and is official in the pharmacopoeias of Europe, America and India. It is used with good effect in flatulent colic, atonic diseases of the intestines so common in the Philippines and in chronic rheumatism.

The tincture is given in doses of 2-4 grams. The official infusion 30-60 grams.

The rhizome contains a volatile oil [10] (25 per cent.), a pale yellow liquid, specific gravity 0.878, the odor like that of the rhizome but lacking its strong and piquant taste. Its reaction is not acid; it dissolves slowly in alcohol. The burning taste is due to a resin that produces protocatechuic acid when melted with potassa.

Botanical Description.—The only part employed is the rhizome, well known all over the islands and found in all their pharmacies and shops.

Several stems rise 2-3 directly from the peculiar, branched rhizome; long-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, glabrous, alternate leaves diverge stiffly from the sides of the stem; petiole proper very short, its broader extension ensheathing the stem; general appearance of a single stem is much like that of the Solomon's seal so familiar in the U. S.



Curcuma longa, L.

Nom. Vulg.—Dilaw, Tag.; Dulaw, Kalawaga, Kinamboy, Vis.; Angay, Pam.; Turmeric Plant, Eng.

Uses.—The yellow rhizome called by some azafrn (saffron), is used as a condiment; its odor is remotely suggestive of vanilla. The Philippine herb-doctors give it internally for hmoptysis, externally as a plaster or in infusion for acute dermatitis. The juice is prescribed in doses of 30-60 grams in bronchial catarrh. In India they inhale the fumes of burning turmeric paper for coryza, and with good effect according to the testimony of Dr. Waring.

The drug is official in the Pharmacopoeia of India. It is carminative, stimulant and probably antiseptic. Its decoction is used as an eye-wash in catarrhal and purulent conjunctivitis. The Mohammedans of Deccan use it for jaundice upon the theory that the yellow color of the skin in that disease is an indication for a remedy of the same color. The juice is also used in many parts of India to stain the face, nails and other parts of the body.

The tincture is prepared by macerating 30 grams of bruised rhizome in 200 cc. alcohol for seven days, then filtering. Turmeric paper is prepared by impregnating unsized paper with this tincture, and then drying. Both tincture and paper are used to test for alkalies.

The rhizomes contain a pigment called curcumin, an essential oil and fcula. Curcumin (C14H14O4) is crystalline, yellow by direct light and blue by reflected light; it was studied by Jackson and Menke.

In the Philippines it is used extensively as a diaphoretic and emmenagogue and in icterus, intestinal colic and dysmenorrhoea; externally for skin diseases, contusions and atonic ulcers.

Gubler regards it as a diffusible stimulant. Its use is more extensive in England than in France and Spain; in India it forms an ingredient of curry, called car in Manila. Curcumin is eliminated by the urine, which it colors yellow, and if at the same time an alkali be taken by the patient, especially a salt of calcium, the urine becomes red and may communicate this stain to the clothes. This fact should be borne in mind to avoid embarrassing mistakes in diagnosis or prognosis. Dose of powder, 2-5 grams.

Botanical Description.—Leaves 2-4 long, rising in bush-like bunches directly from the rhizome, broad-lanceolate, acuminate, gradually tapering down the long petioles; numerous prominent nerves give a ribbed appearance to the blade. Rhizome cylindrical, irregular, bright yellow within.



Elettaria Cardamomum, White.

Nom. Vulg.—Langkuas, Langkawas, Vis.; Cardamon, Eng.

Uses.—This plant, though official in several pharmacopoeias, is not used as a medicine in the Philippines, probably on account of its scarcity here. The seeds are used as a condiment; they are stimulant and carminative and yield good results in atonic dyspepsia, nervous depression and spasmodic or flatulent affections of the intestine. The dose of the powdered seeds is from 0.60-1.50 grams in pill form; the tincture is, however, more convenient and is given in doses of from 4 to 8 grams.

Botanical Description.—A plant with a scaly rhizome and adventitious roots from which spring the stems, some of which bear leaves and others flowers. The leaves are alternate, in pairs; extended, lanceolate blade, with a short petiole. Branches bearing flowers, short, flexible and scaly. The flowers spring from the sheaths of the leaves. Calyx tubular, 3-toothed; second calyx with limb divided into 3 unequal lobules. Stamens 3. Ovary inferior, 3 many-ovuled compartments. Style simple. Stigma rounded. Fruit an oblong, ovoid capsule, 3-celled, trivalvate. Seeds blackish, albuminous.

Habitat.—Visayan Islands.



AMARYLLIDACE.

Amaryllis Family.



Crinum Asiaticum, L. (C. giganteum, Blanco.)

Nom. Vulg.—Bakong, Tag.

Uses.—The decoction of the leaves is used in the Philippines as an expectorant. The plant is official in the Pharmacopoeia of India as an emetic and in small doses is nauseant and diaphoretic. As an emetic the dose of the fresh juice of the root is 8-16 grams every 10 minutes till vomiting occurs. Dr. W. O'Shaughnessy, writing from Bengal, states that this is the only indigenous and abundant emetic plant of which he has experience, which acts without producing griping, purging, or other unpleasant symptoms. In a communication to Dr. Waring he remarks that it is a good emetic and diaphoretic whenever ipecacuanha is not at hand but that it should be regarded not so much as a substitute for that article as a resource in case of need.

The leaf juice is used in India to drop into the ears for disease of these organs.

One of the infinite remedies used by the Filipinos under the name of "contrapoisons," without specifying or knowing what poison, is the powdered root of Crinum, given internally with a little water. They also use the leaves locally for the itch, bruising them and rubbing the affected parts energetically with them. I may note here in passing, what I have written before: that the Filipinos have from time immemorial been familiar with the sarcopt of scabies (Kahaw) which they pick out with a needle or spine of some fish or vegetable.

Botanical Description.—A plant with globose, scaly root. Leaves keeled or ridged. Flowers white, on a flattened stalk, on a spathe of 2 leaflets and several dry threads enclosing 4 flowerets. Corolla funnel-form, tube long and triangular; limb cut in 6 horizontal lanceolate lobes. Stamens 6, shorter than corolla. Anthers long. Stigma with 3 points. Seed vessel inferior, 3-celled, each cell containing a seed.

Habitat.—Very common on the seashore and in groves of mangrove trees. Blooms in July.



LILIACE.

Lily Family.



Aloes Barbadensis, Mill. (A. humilis, Blanco; A. vera, L.; A. vulgaris, Banck.; A. Indica, Royl.)

Nom. Vulg.—Sabila, Tag.; Dilang boaya, Vis.; Aloes, Eng.

Uses.—This species is one of those which produce the substance known in pharmacy as aloes, which is the juice of the leaf evaporated to the consistency of an extract. It is official in all pharmacopoeias and its properties are known to the Filipino herb-doctors. They use the fresh juice of the leaves as a stimulant of the scalp in baldness and locally in contusions. Aloes is a slow purgative and its irritating action on the lower portion of the large intestine extends to the genito-urinary organs. It is, therefore, an emmenagogue and its prolonged use causes hemorrhoids, especially in man. It is contraindicated where there is disease of the genito-urinary organs or rectum. As it increases the secretion of bile it is useful in certain hepatic diseases. It is used in small doses as a tonic in dyspepsia. The tonic dose is 1/2-20 centigrams; purgative, 15-50 of the extract, preferably in pill form. It is customary to associate it with other purgatives.

Botanical Description.—A stemless plant, the leaves springing immediately from the root as in the pineapple, joined at the base, straight, ligulate, very fleshy and becoming thinner toward the end, with stiff thorns along the edges. Flowers between yellow and red outside and straw-colored inside, in racemes on a cylindrical scape 3 or more high, sometimes ramose, peduncles very short. Corolla cylindrical, somewhat incurved, cleft to the middle in 6 parts, 3 external, acute and superposed on the others, obtuse at the apex and of different color. Stamens 6, inserted at the nectiferous base of the ovary and of the same length as the corolla. Anthers erect. Ovary cylindrical with 6 furrows. Stigma obtuse, with raveled edges. The seed vessel ovoid, 3-valved, 3-celled, with 2 seeds in each, furnished with 3 spongy wings.

Habitat.—Common in gardens.



Allium sativum, L.

Nom. Vulg.—Ajo, Sp.; Bawang, Tag.; Garlic, Eng.

Allium Cepa, L.

Nom. Vulg.—Cebolla, Sp.; Lasuna, Sibuyas, Tag.; Onion, Eng.

Uses.—The garlic and the onion are used to excess as condiments in Philippine as well as Spanish cooking. Both are difficult of digestion and communicate a very disagreeable odor to the breath, intolerable to those who are unaccustomed to it. Garlic possesses the singular property, familiar to many students and soldiers, of inducing a transient fever if introduced within the anus. When bruised and applied to the skin it has a counter-irritant action which makes it useful in the treatment of rheumatism, but the odor is so disagreeable that it is not worth while to use it for that purpose when we have so many other medicines which produce the same effect without being objectionable. It is also used locally for the bites of venomous animals.

The onion is used cooked as a poultice over the bladder and internally for various catarrhs. It is better to abstain from the therapeutic and culinary use of products so indigestible and so malodorous.

Botanical Description.—These plants are so well known in all parts of the world that a description of them would be superfluous.



PALM.

Palm Family.



Areca Catechu, L.

Nom. Vulg.—Bonga, Tag.; Betel-nut Palm, Areca, Eng.

Uses.—The seeds form part of a masticatory very common throughout the extreme Orient, known as Buyo and composed of a betel leaf, a little slaked lime, and a slice of the fruit of the bonga, known as Siri in Indo-China and among the Malays. It is so common that it is hard to find a man or woman who does not use it. The saliva of those who use it is red and of a strong odor, and its careless use in time blackens the teeth and makes the breath extremely disagreeable. Habitual chewers consider it a tonic of the mouth and stomach and a general stimulant as well. It probably does possess these properties but they are reversed in the case of persons who use it immoderately for they lose appetite, become salivated, and the whole organism degenerates. The carbonized and powdered fruit is used as a dentifrice but its virtues are doubtless identical with those of any vegetable charcoal, i. e., absorbent and antiseptic.

One unaccustomed to the use of bonga and chewing it for the first time, usually experiences a most disagreeable combination of symptoms; constriction of the oesophagus, a sensation of heat in the head and face, the latter becoming red and congested; at the same time dizziness and precordial distress are experienced. The same phenomena occur in certain persons after eating palmito salad or the tender central portion of the bonga and of other palms.

The flowers are eaten in salad like the above-mentioned palmito. The seed is astringent and tnifuge; for the latter purpose it is given internally as a powder in a dose of from 16 to 24 grams. Its action is uncertain. The catechu which is obtained in India from the Bonga differs from that obtained from the Acacia Catechu and is a tonic analogous to rhatany and cinchona.

The seeds contain about 14% of a fatty crystalline material which melts at 39, and after saponification yields a crystalline, fatty acid that may be regarded as a mixture of lauric and muriatic acids. They also contain about 14% of a red, amorphous tonic material which, after drying, is but slightly soluble in cold or hot water.

The lower part of the petiole of the leaves is thin and broad, ensheathing the trunk, is as tough as pasteboard when dry and is used in the Philippines as wrapping paper; Dr. Bholanauth Bose and other physicians of India use it as a material for splints in fractures, a practice which might well be imitated in Manila and especially in the country.

Botanical Description.—A well-known palm with slender stem, surrounded by many circles; it grows to about the same height as the coco-nut palm or less. The flowers spring in bunches of long, thread-like spikes from the trunk a little below the crown of leaves at the base of the long, smooth, green, sheath-like petioles which clasp the trunk; each spike bears many staminate and a few pistillate flowers. The fruit is about the size and shape of a hen's egg, the husk tow-like or filamentose, the kernel pinkish or light red.

Habitat.—Grows throughout the islands.



Cocos nucifera, L.

Nom. Vulg.—Coco, Sp.-Fil.; Niog, Tag.; Coco-nut Palm, Eng.

Uses.—This plant is, perhaps, the most useful in the Philippines. Without it and the bamboo plant the people of the Archipelago would not know how to live. It produces vinegar, an alcoholic drink called tuba or coco-wine, an oil, an edible nut, and its leaves are used instead of nipa to roof the huts.

Tuba is an opaline, slightly sweet liquid, with an agreeable taste, which rapidly becomes acid under the influence of the heat. A flowering or fruit-bearing stalk, which has not been incised before, is chosen and encircled with several rings of rope or rattan. The stalk is then cut and a bamboo vessel called a bombn is hung to receive the sap which escapes during the night. This liquid is valuable as a drink for those who are debilitated, suffering from pulmonary catarrh, and even for consumptives, who are accustomed to drink it every morning, sometimes with marvelous results, according to reports. The heat of the day rapidly ferments the tuba, converting it into a mild vinegar, which is widely used for domestic purposes in the Philippines. When fermented and distilled it produces a weak alcohol of disagreeable taste called coco-wine.

The ripe fruit contains a rather soft and savory meat which is generally eaten mixed with the clear, sweet coco-nut milk. Later the meat becomes firmer and is used as a food and an oil much used in the islands is extracted from it. To extract the oil the meat is grated and pressed until all the juice is extracted. This is called the milk and when boiled is converted almost completely into oil. Cocoanut milk has an agreeable taste and may in some cases take the place of cow's milk. It is apt to produce diarrhoea, however, which action may be bad for some but on the other hand good for others, such as the habitually constipated. Both the meat and the milk are widely used by the natives in making sweets.

In the greater part of the islands it is the only oil used for illumination. As a medicine it is employed internally as a purgative and externally in the treatment of scores of troubles in which the good results obtained are due, not to the oil but to the massage used in rubbing it in. It has the reputation of stimulating the growth of the hair and all the natives and some Europeans use it lavishly as a hair ointment. When fresh its odor is agreeable, but it easily becomes rancid and assumes a most disagreeable odor. In the Visayan Islands they make an oil of a nauseous odor which they call in Manila Caracoa. It is used only for illumination and by the poor.

At a temperature of 20 or more the oil remains liquid; it is colorless when fresh and properly extracted. It solidifies at 18 and two kinds of soap are made of it; one soft and exceedingly cheap called "Quiapo"; the other hard, white, of a high quality, but as a rule containing an excess of lime which in time is deposited in a fluorescent film on its surface.

In India the root is employed in the treatment of dysentery.

Botanical Description.—A tree most familiar to every one.

Habitat.—Common in all parts of the Archipelago.



Nipa fruticans, Wurmb.

Nom. Vulg.—Nipa, Sp.-Fil.; Sasa, Tag.

Uses.—The dry leaves of this palm are generally used in the villages of Manila Province, Pampanga, Bulacan and other provinces in the construction of roofs and walls of houses, which are therefore called "nipa houses." The decoction of the fresh leaves is used as a lotion for indolent ulcers, and a popular preserve is made from the fruit.

Like the coco and following the same process the nipa yields a liquid also called tuba and possessing properties identical with those of the former plant. The weak alcohol distilled from it has some repute in the treatment of conjunctivitis, for which purpose a few drops are mixed with a small quantity of water and the eyes are washed with it several times a day. This alcohol, improperly called wine of nipa, has a characteristically unpleasant odor which makes it impracticable for medicinal or industrial use. Several chemists have attempted to remove the characteristic odor from nipa alcohol, but their results had always been negative because the odorous principle was distilled over at the same temperature as the alcohol. Finally a distinguished Filipino chemist, D. Anacleto del Rosario, perfected a process of producing from the nipa tuba an absolute alcohol perfectly free from the characteristic odor; an alcohol, in fact, possessing all the qualities of chemically pure alcohol, and of such a high grade that it was awarded the first prize at the last World's Fair in Paris.

Botanical Description.—A palm about 6 high with long, pinnate leaves with leaflets which separate, at maturity, like those of the coco palm. Flowers monoecious, in a spathe. Fruit, many pyramidal drupes joined together, but easily separable. The outer covering of each drupe is hard, the inner part tow-like; seed enveloped in a sort of fleshy white meat.

Habitat.—Salt water marshes, especially in Pampanga and the Visayan Islands.



CYPERACE.

Sedge Family.



Cyperus rotundus, L.

Nom. Vulg.—Mutha, Tag.; Botobotones, Vis.; Mota, Malaapolid, Sursur, Onoran, Kusung, Omadiung, Galonalpas, Pam.; Nutgrass or Coco-grass, Eng.

Uses.—The root possesses stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic and emmenagogue properties. In the Philippines it is used internally for dysentery, and in India for the same purpose and as a vermifuge. It is given as a tonic in gastro-intestinal diseases, and General Hardwick has reported good results with it in cholera; as he reported only two cases, his testimony is not of much value.

The Chinese use the dry or roasted root, especially in inflammation of the viscera and uterine diseases. They also attribute to it diuretic, emmenagogue and anthelmintic properties. In Java and India they use it for gonorrhoea, and in Mauritius as a diaphoretic and astringent. In the Philippines the bruised root is applied to the face for toothache.

Botanical Description.—The root is ovoid, ranging in size from that of a hazel-nut to that of a walnut, composed of a white, spongy substance. Leaves sword-shaped, ensheathing the stem. Flowers in a compound umbel on the end of the stalk which is naked, long and triangular. The umbellets are alternate, awl-shaped, with distinct flowers. Calyx universal, with 2 sword-shaped leaflets. Calyx proper, a very small, ridged scale. Corolla none. Stamens 3. Filaments long, inserted on the base of the ovary. Anthers long and straight. Style 1. Stigmas 3, simple, revolute. Fruit 1. Seed oblong, 3-sided, glabrous.

Habitat.—Common in Luzon and Panay. Blooms in June and July.



GRAMINE.

Grass Family.



Zea Mays, L.

Nom. Vulg.—Maz, Sp.; Maize, Corn, Eng.

Uses.—Corn is an extensive article of diet in the Philippines, but has the reputation of being indigestible. This is true when it is eaten in the grain, but in the form of meal it is easily digested and highly nutritious. The tassels have been used in the Philippines from time immemorial in decoction as a diuretic, for which property they received notice in the Medical World of Paris about the year 1876. The entire plant is diuretic and the natives give the decoction of the stalk for various diseases of the bladder and kidneys. An extract of the tassels has been put on the market, but it is better to administer a decoction made from 20 grams of tassel to 1 liter of water to be taken at will during the day. Rademaker and Fischer give the following chemical composition:

Fixed oil 5.25 Resin, crystalline matter and chlorophyl 3.25 Maizenic acid 2.25 Sugar and gum 19.50 Albuminoids 3.50 Salts and extracts 5.50 Cellulose 37.00 Water 20.00

The fixed oil is bright yellow, saponifiable by potash, soluble in chloroform and ether, insoluble in alcohol, solidifies at 10.

Habitat.—Very common in all parts of the islands.



Andropogon Schoenanthes, L.

Nom. Vulg.—Salay, Tanglad, Tag.; Paja de Meca, Sp.-Fil.; Baliyoko, Vis.; Geranium Grass, Eng.

Uses.—The Filipino women use the leaves to perfume their gogo hair-wash. The decoction of the leaves is used internally as a diuretic (10 grams to a liter of water) and also to bathe pregnant women. The roots also are diuretic.

A Manila pharmacist, D. Rosendo Garca, has obtained a good quality of the fixed oil of this plant. In India they call this essence rusa, geranium and gin-gembre (nimar oil, Eng.); the annual export from Bombay is over 40,000 English pounds. It is dextrogyrous and its formula is C5H4.

Another species, the A. nardus, L., commonly called "raiz de mora" (mulberry root), "citronella," Eng., possesses the same therapeutic properties as the former. It also possesses an agreeable perfume and yields an essential oil, which, like rusa, is used to adulterate Attar of Roses.

The dried root is widely used in the Philippines and in Europe as well, to preserve clothing from moths and other destructive insects, at the same time giving them a sweet odor. In India the decoction is used internally, 10 grams to a liter of water, in the treatment of rheumatism and as a diuretic.

Botanical Description.—An indigenous grass with sword-shaped leaves about 4 high, tapering at the base, possessing a sweet odor. Root thick, irregular, rough, formed by the union of several small rootlets.



Saccharum officinarum, L.

Nom. Vulg.—Caamiel, Caa de azcar, Caa dulc, Sp.; Tubo, Tag.; Sugar Cane, Eng.

Uses.—The Filipinos are very fond of the fresh cane. The juice, which is extracted by means of primitive wooden presses, is used as a drink mixed with lemon juice or vino and is sold in markets and public places as a popular beverage on hot days. A tepid juice, extracted from heated cane is given for catarrhal troubles. This use of the juice is the only one peculiar to the Philippines. Its general use and properties are universally familiar and are amply treated in the materia medica.

Botanical Description.—This plant is so universally familiar that it is unnecessary to describe it. More than 20 varieties are found in the Philippines.

Habitat.—Throughout the islands, especially in the Island of Negros and the Luzon Provinces of Pampanga, Bulacan and Nueva Ecija.



Oriza, L.

Nom. Vulg.—Arroz, Sp.; Palay, Tag. (the plant and the unhusked rice); Bigas, Tag. (the husked rice); Rice, Eng.

Uses.—All the people of Indo-China, China, Japan and the greater part of the Indian Archipelago eat rice as Europeans do bread.

In the Philippines an immense variety of rice grows and in the World's Fair at Paris, in 1889, Seor D. Regino Garca, of Manila, presented a unique collection of 147 varieties. The rice grown in high lands above irrigation is called "arroz de secano" and mountain rice, and that grown in low and irrigated land is called "arroz de sementera" and swamp rice. The two kinds are equally valuable as food.

The proportion of starch in rice is large, but it contains but a small amount of gluten, and therefore a large amount must be eaten in order to obtain sufficient nutritive elements.

Water 5.00 Starch 85.07 Parenchyma 4.80 Nitrogenous matter 3.68 Crystallizable sugar 0.29 Gummy matter 1.71 Oil 0.13 Phosphate of lime 0.40 Chloride of potash, phosphate of potash, acetic acid, calcareous vegetable salt, salt of potash, sulphur Traces.

In the Filipino therapeutics rice has an extensive use, especially in the form of a decoction called cange, which is commonly given in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery, with good results. Cooked as a sort of mush it may be used as a substitute for linseed poultices and has the great advantage of not becoming rancid. Roasted and powdered it is dusted upon wounds or abrasions of the skin and forms a dry and absorbent covering under which they heal rapidly.

It has lately been claimed that beriberi is due to a microorganism found in rice under certain abnormal conditions; this claim is not yet firmly established and beriberi is still one of the many problems in medicine which are awaiting solution.

Habitat.—All parts of the Archipelago.



BAMBUSE.

Bamboo Family.

Nom. Vulg.—Caa, Sp.; Bamboo, Eng.

Linnus and Blanco include in the genus Bambus all the different species of bamboo to which the Spaniards have given the general name of caa. The plant is of incomparable value to the natives of the Philippines; they build their houses of it, make agricultural and industrial instruments of it, use it in all the varied apparatus of their fisheries and for a multitude of household utensils and furniture.

The variety B. arundinacea, Retz. (B. arundo, Blanco), Kawayag-toto, Tag., is the largest and most generally employed in making houses and furniture. The tender shoots prepared in lime water are edible but have the deserved reputation of being difficult of digestion.

The variety Schizostachyum acutiflorum, Munro (B. diffusa, Blanco), Osiw, Bokawy, Tag., is less used. The shoots are used to treat opacity of the cornea, for which purpose they are cut when about a palm in height, the outer leaves removed, and the center soaked over night with a little sugar candy. The following day the water in the bottom of the jar is collected and used to paint the cornea.

The variety Dendrocalamus sericens, Munro (B. mitis, Blanco), Taywanak, Tag., is also used in medicine. Its abundant sap is given internally in the treatment of phthisis.

All of the above species and the Dendrocalamus flagellifer, Munro (B. levis, Blanco), Boho, Tag., produce at their joints a hard porcelain-like substance, friable, of opaline color, called "bamboo stone" or "tabashir" in India, where, as well as in the Philippines and Indo-China, it has great repute among the popular remedies. It is given in venereal diseases, hiccough, hemorrhage, fevers and other diseases. As a matter of fact, it is an almost inert substance, the imaginary virtues of which originated, doubtless, in the apparently remarkable fact that a stone (?) was produced inside of a vegetable.

The analysis of M. Guibourt is as follows:

Silicon 96.04 Water 2.94 Lime and potassium 0.13 Organic material Traces.



INDEX OF PLANTS

ACCORDING TO THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES.

Alteratives.—Anona muricata.—Tinospora crispa.—Raphanus sativus.—Bombax malabaricus.—Oxalis corniculata.—Citrus acida and C. Bigaradia.—Mangifera Indica.—Pongamia glabra.—Lawsonia alba.—Hydrocotyle Asiatica.—Alangium Lamarkii.—Oldenlandia corymbosa.—Calotropis gigantea.—Ehretia buxifolia.—Solanum nigrum.—Cassytha filiformis—Euphorbia Tirucalli.—Phyllanthus reticulatus.

Anthelmintics. [11]—Cleome viscosa.—Pangium edule.—Ruta graveolens.—Melia Azedarach.—Dysoxylum Blancoi.—Mangifera Indica.—Anacardium occidentale.—Mucuna pruriens.—Quisqualis Indica.—Punica Granatum. [12]—Jussia suffruticosa.—Carica Papaya.—Trichosanthes anguina and T. cucumerina.—Lagenaria.—Momordica.—Hydrocotyle Asiatica.—Sphranthus Indicus.—Calotropis gigantea.—Tectona grandis.—Clerodendron infortunatum.—Chenopodium ambrosioides.—Echinus Philippinensis.—Cyperus rotundus.—Rhinacanthus communis.

Antispasmodics.—Sida carpinifolia.—Hibiscus Abelmoschus.—Ruta graveolens.—Citrus acida and C. Bigaradia.—Cedrela Toona.—Celastrus paniculata.—Cassia occidentalis.—Carum copticum.—Blumea balsamifera.—Artemisia vulgaris.—Solanum nigrum.—Datura alba.—Nicotiana Tabacum.—Adhatoda vasica.—Chenopodium ambrosioides.—Chloranthus officinalis.

Antiseptics.—Ruta graveolens.—Citrus acida and C. Bigaradia.—Mangifera Indica.—Anacardium occidentale.—Erythrina Indica.—Pongamia glabra.—Entada scandens.—Coffea Arabica.—Blumea balsamifera.—Spilanthes Acmella.—Nerium odorum.—Solanum nigrum.—Nicotiana Tabacum.—Tectona grandis.—Ocimum.—Piper Betle.—Cinnamomum.—Acalypha Indica.—Curcuma longa.—Areca Catechu.—Nipa fruticans.

Astringents.—Tetracera macrophylla.—Michelia Champaca.—Anona squamosa, A. reticulata and A. muricata.—Nelumbium nucifera.—Bixa Orellana.—Garcinia mangostana, G. Cambogia.—Ochrocarpus pentapetalus.—Sida carpinifolia.—Thespesia populnea.—Bombax malabaricus.—Sterculia foetida.—Murraya exotica.—gle decandra.—Feronia elephantum.—Melia Azedarach.—Sandoricum Indicum.—Caropa Moluccensis.—Rhamnus Wightii.—Mangifera Indica.—Odina Wodier.—Pterocarpus.—Csalpinia Sappan.—Acacia Farnesiana.—Terminalia Catappa and T. Chebula.—Psidium pomiferum.—Melastoma malabatrichum.—Punica Granatum.—Hymenodictyon Indicum.—Tectona grandis.—Achyranthes obtusifolia.—Artocarpus integrifolia.—Casuarina Sumatrana.—Areca Catechu.—Cyperus rotundus.

Acids or Refrigerants.—Oxalis corniculata.—Averrhoa Bilimbi and A. Carambola.—Citrus acida and C. Bigaradia.—Feronia elephantum.—Amaranthus spinosus.—Phyllanthus reticulatus.—Tamarindus Indica.

Balsams.—Calophyllum Inophyllum.—Dipterocarpus turbinatus. Garuga pinnata.—Canarium commune.

Carminatives.—Illicium anisatum.—Cleome viscosa.—Helicteres Isora.—Abroma fastuosa.—Feronia elephantum.—Terminalia Chebula.—Carum copticum.—Foeniculum vulgare.—Plumbago Zeylanica.—Coleus aromaticus.—Rosmarinus officinalis.—Aristolochia Indica.—Zingiber officinale.—Curcuma longa.—Elettaria Cardamomum.

Convulsives.—Strychnos Ignatii.

Cosmetics.—Eriodendrum anfractuosum.—Cocos nucifera.

Diaphoretics.—Cissampelos Pareira.—Sida carpinifolia.—Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis.—Gossypium herbaceum.—Ruta graveolens.—Xanthoxylum oxyphyllum.—Celastrus paniculata.—Hydrocotyle Asiatica. Eupatorium Ayapana.—Blumea balsamifera.—Plumbago Zeylanica. Calotropis gigantea.—Tylophora asthmatica.—Oroxylum Indicum.—Barleria Prionitis.—Justicia Gendarussa.—Ocimum.—Anisomeles ovata.—Crinum Asiaticum.—Cyperus rotundus.—Andropogon Schoenanthus and A. nardus.

Digestives.—Carica Papaya.

Diuretics.—Cissampelos Pareira.—Abutilon Indicum.—Anacardium occidentale.—Abrus precatorius.—Erythrina Indica.—Clitoria ternata.—Cassia occidentalis.—Hydrocotyle Asiatica.—Pderia foetida.—Spilanthes Acmella.—Achras Sapota.—Ipomoea pes-capr.—Solanum nigrum.—Limnophila Menthastrum.—Sesamum Indicum.—Lippia nodiflora.—Tectona grandis.—Vitex.—Amaranthus spinosa.—Achyranthes obtusifolia.—Chenopodium ambrosioides.—Phyllanthus reticulatus and P. Niruri.—Allium Cepa.—Cyperus rotundus.—Zea Mays.—Andropogon Schoenanthus.

Emmenagogues.—Michelia Champaca.—Artabotrys odoratissimus.—Anamirta Cocculus.—Cissampelos Pareira.—Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis.—Gossypium herbaceum.—Abroma fastuosa.—Ruta graveolens.—Dysoxylum Blancoi.—Csalpinia Sappan and C. pulcherrima.—Citrullus Colocynthis.—Morinda citrifolia.—Blumea balsamifera.—Artemisia vulgaris.—Plumbago Zeylanica.—Plumeria acutifolia.—Sesamum Indicum.—Vitex.—Chenopodium ambrosioides.—Aristolochia Indica.—Casuarina Sumatrana.—Aloes Barbadensis.—Cyperus rotundus.

Emetics.—Hibiscus tiliaceus.—Dysoxylum Blancoi.—Moringa pterygosperma.—Clitoria ternatea.—Entada scandens.—Trichosanthes anguina.—Lagenaria.—Alangium Lamarkii.—Randia dumetorum.—Pderia foetida.—Allamanda cathartica.—Thevetia neriifolia.—Cerbera Odallam.—Calotropis gigantea.—Tylophora asthmatica.—Justicia Gendarussa.—Acalypha Indica.—Crinum Asiaticum.

Emollients.—Sida carpinifolia.—Abutilon Indicum.—Urena sinuata.—Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis.—Gossypium herbaceum.—Eriodendron anfractuosum.—Helicteres Isora.—Biophytum sensitivum.—Zizyphus Jujuba.—Abrus precatorius.—Clitoria ternata.—Csalpinia pulcherrima.—Lawsonia alba.—Luffa gyptiaca.—Ipomoea pes-capr.—Sesamum Indicum.—Acanthus ilicifolius.—Lippia nodiflora.—Plantago erosa.—Musa paradisiaca and M. sapientum.—Curcuma longa.—Allium Cepa.—Cocos nucifera.—Oriza.

Stimulants.—Illicium anisatum.—Artabotrys odoratissimus.—Brassica juncea.—Raphanus sativus.—Mesua ferrea.—Hibiscus Abelmoschus.—Helicteres Isora.—Ruta graveolens.—Xanthoxylum oxyphyllum.—Citrus acida.—Celastrus paniculata.—Moringa pterygosperma.—Csalpinia pulcherrima.—Hydrocotyle Asiatica.—Carum copticum.—Foeniculum vulgare.—Coffea Arabica.—Eupatorium Ayapana.—Blumea balsamifera.—Sphranthus Indicus.—Spilanthes Acmella.—Artemisia vulgaris.—Mimusops Elengi.—Jasminum Sambac.—Capsicum fastigiatum.—Ocimum.—Rosmarinus officinalis.—Chenopodium ambrosioides.—Piper Betle and P. nigrum.—Chloranthus officinalis.—Cinnamomum.—Zingiber officinale.—Curcuma longa.—Allium sativum and A. Cepa.—Cyperus rotundus.—Andropogon Schoenanthus and A. nardus.

Expectorants.—Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis.—Biophytum sensitivum.—Trichosanthes cucumerina.—Blumea balsamifera.—Tylophora asthmatica.—Acanthus ilicifolius.—Barleria Prionitis.—Adhatoda vasica.—Vitex.—Ocimum.—Acalypha Indica.—Crinum Asiaticum.

Febrifuges.—Michelia Champaca.—Tinospora crispa.—Anamirta Cocculus.—Sida carpinifolia.—Melia Azedarach.—Dysoxylum Blancoi.—Carapa Moluccensis.—Cedrela Toona.—Erythrina Indica.—Csalpinia Bonducella and C. pulcherrima.—Cassia occidentalis.—Ammannia vesicatoria.—Trichosanthes cucumerina.—Hymenodictyon excelsum.—Ixora coccinea.—Morinda citrifolia.—Achras Sapota.—Mimusops Elengi.—Thevetia neriifolia.—Plumeria acutifolia.—Alstonia scholaris.—Vitex.—Clerodendron infortunatum.—Anisomeles ovata.—Aristolochia Indica.—Piper nigrum.—Chloranthus officinalis.

Galactagogues.—Gossypium herbaceum.

Antigalactagogues.—Jasminum Sambac.—Piper Betle.

Hemostatics.—Portulaca oleracea.—Tetracera macrophylla.—Mangifera Indica.—Pterocarpus.—Csalpinia Sappan.—Euphorbia pilulifera.

Narcotics (sedatives and anodynes).—Anamirta Cocculus.—Argemone Mexicana.—Pangium edule.—Cassia occidentalis.—Solanum nigrum.—Datura alba.—Nicotiana Tabacum.—Vitex.

Nutritive Plants.—Anona squamosa, A. reticulata and A. muricata.—Nelumbium nucifera.—Pangium edule.—Portulaca oleracea.—Garcinia mangostana and G. Cambogia.—Sterculia foetida.—Theobroma Cacao.—Averrhoa Bilimbi, A. Carambola.—Feronia elephantum.—Garuga pinnata.—Canarium commune.—Sandoricum Indicum.—Zizyphus Jujuba.—Mangifera Indica.—Anacardium occidentale.—Moringa pterygosperma.—Agati grandiflora.—Tamarindus Indica.—Bauhinia malabarica.—Parkia Roxburghii.—Psidium pomiferum.—Eugenia Jambolana.—Trichosanthes.—Lagenaria.—Momordica.—Achras Sapota.—Solanum nigrum.—Sesamum Indicum.—Artocarpus integrifolia.—Musa paradisiaca and M. sapientum.—Areca Catechu.—Cocos nucifera.—Zea Mays.—Saccharum officinarum.—Oriza.—Bambuse.

Purgatives.—Argemone Mexicana.—Garcinia morella.—Mesua ferrea.—Agati grandiflora.—Erythrina Indica.—Clitoria ternatea.—Csalpinia pulcherrima.—Cassia fistula and C. alata.—Tamarindus Indica.—Entada scandens.—Terminalia Chebula.—Jussia suffruticosa.—Carica Papaya.—Trichosanthes anguina and T. cucumerina.—Lagenaria.—Luffa gyptiaca.—Momordica.—Citrullus Colocynthis.—Trianthema monogyna.—Morinda citrifolia.—Spilanthes Acmella.—Carthamus tinctorius.—Allamanda cathartica.—Cerbera Odallam.—Plumeria acutifolia.—Calotropis gigantea.—Ipomoea hederacea.—Ipomoea Turpethum.—Solanum nigrum.—Sesamum Indicum.—Tectona grandis.—Samadera Indica.—Mirabilis Jalapa.—Amaranthus spinosus.—Euphorbia neriifolia.—Euphorbia Tirucalli.—Jatropha Curcas.—Aleurites moluccana.—Croton Tiglium.—Acalypha Indica.—Ricinus communis.—Aloes Barbadensis.

Sialagogues.—Carum copticum.

Bitter Tonics.—Michelia Champaca.—Tinospora crispa.—Cissampelos Pareira.—Cratva religiosa.—Mesua ferrea.—Sida carpinifolia.—Murraya exotica.—Citrus Bigaradia.—Samadera Indica.—Melia Azedarach.—Rhamnus Wightii.—Agati grandiflora.—Csalpinia Bonducella.—Cassia occidentalis.—Terminalia Chebula.—Trichosanthes cucumerina.—Momordica.—Hymenodictyon excelsum.—Morinda citrifolia.—Sphranthus Indicus.—Achras Sapota.—Mimusops Elengi.—Alstonia scholaris.—Calotropis gigantea.—Strychnos Ignatii.—Limnophila Menthastrum.—Oroxylum Indicum.—Vitex.—Clerodendron infortunatum.—Anisomeles ovata.—Phyllanthus Niruri.—Aloes Barbadensis.—Areca Catechu.—Nerium odorum (cardiac).

Aromatic Tonics.—Feronia elephantum.—Sandoricum Indicum.—Foeniculum.—Coffea Arabica.—Eupatorium Ayapana.—Artemisia vulgaris.—Chenopodium ambrosioides, Cinnamomum.—Zingiber officinale.

Vesicants.—Anacardium occidentale.—Moringa pterygosperma.—Ammannia vesicatoria.—Plumbago Zeylanica.—Calotropis gigantea.—Euphorbia Tirucalli.

Rubefacients or Revulsives.—Moringa pterygosperma.—Plumeria acutifolia.—Croton Tiglium.—Jatropha Curcas.—Allium sativum.

Stimulants.—Sterculia urens.—Argemone Mexicana.—Kleinhovia hospitata.—Celastrus paniculata.—Pongamia glabra.—Cassia alata.—Entada scandens.—Kalanchoe laciniata.—Elettaria Cardamomum.

Antiherpetics, etc.—Sterculia foetida.—Canarium commune.—Trichosanthes palmata.



INDEX OF PLANTS

ACCORDING TO SPECIAL DISEASES.

Aphth, Stomatitis, Glossitis. [13]—Tetracera macrophylla.—Feronia elephantum.—Pterocarpus santalinus, Indicus and erinaceus.—Melastoma malabatrichum.—Punica Granatum.—Mimusops Elengi.—Calotropis gigantea.—Tectona grandis.—Ocimum.—Achyranthes obtusifolia.—Phyllanthus reticulatus.

Hemorrhoids.—Mesua ferrea.—Thespesia populnea.—Terminalia Chebula.—Punica Granatum.—Plumbago Zeylanica.—Capsicum fastigiatum.—Sesamum Indicum.—Aloes Barbadensis (for inducing the hemorrhoids).

Amenorrhoea and Dysmenorrhoea.—Abroma fastuosa.—Dysoxylum Blancoi.—Csalpinia Sappan.—Csalpinia pulcherrima.—Blumea balsamifera.—Artemisia vulgaris.—Plumeria acutifolia.—Sesamum Indicum.—Chenopodium ambrosioides.—Casuarina Sumatrana.—Aloes Barbadensis.

Anasarca.—Plumbago Zeylanicum.—Coffea Arabica.—Plumeria acutifolia.—Calotropis gigantea.—Ipomoea pes-capr.—Solanum nigrum.—Barlonia Prionitis.—Achyranthes obtusifolia.—Euphorbia neriifolia.—Phyllanthus Niruri.—Cissampelos Pareira.

Anal Fistula.—Pterocarpus.

Asthma.—Gossypium herbaceum.—Garuga pinnata.—Dysoxylum Blancoi.—Erythrina Indica.—Csalpinia pulcherrima.—Entada scandens.—Trichosanthes palmata.—Coffea Arabica.—Tylophora asthmatica.—Datura alba.—Acanthus ilicifolius.—Adhatoda vasica.—Coleus aromaticus.—Euphorbia pilulifera.—Euphorbia Tirucalli.—Euphorbia neriifolia.—Phyllanthus Niruri.

Spleen, Affections of.—Ammannia vesicatoria.—Lawsonia alba.—Momordica.

Beriberi.—Celastrus paniculata.—Vitex.

Blenorrhoea, Gonorrhoea, Urethritis.—Nympha Lotus.—Argemone Mexicana.—Dipterocarpus turbinatus.—Sterculia foetida.—Clitoria ternata.—Pterocarpus.—Trichosanthes palmata.—Mimusops Elengi.—Plumeria acutifolia.—Lippia nodiflora.—Ocimum.—Amaranthus spinosus.—Cassytha filiformis.—Cyperus rotundus.

Bronchi and Lungs, Diseases of.—Anona muricata.—Calophyllum Inophyllum.—Dipterocarpus turbinatus.—Canarium commune.—Zizyphus Jujuba.—Abrus precatorius.—Erythrina Indica.—Csalpinia pulcherrima.—Trichosanthes cucumerina.—Lagenaria.—Ixora coccinea.—Blumea balsamifera.—Tylophora asthmatica.—Sesamum Indicum.—Barleria Prionitis.—Adhatoda vasica.—Vitex.—Coleus aromaticus.—Anisomeles ovata.—Chenopodium ambrosioides.—Euphorbia pilulifera.—Acalypha Indica.—Curcuma longa.

Cholera.—Artabotrys odoratissimus.—Samadera Indica.—Carum copticum.—Eupatorium Ayapana.—Zingiber officinale.—Cyperus rotundus.

Colic.—(a) Flatulent: Illicium anisatum.—Argemone Mexicana.—Cleome viscosa.—Helicteres Isora.—Dysoxylum Blancoi.—Terminalia Chebula.—Carum copticum.—Foeniculum.—Plumbago Zeylanica.—Ipomoea pes-capr.—Ocimum.—Coleus aromaticus.—Rosmarinus officinalis.—Aristolochia Indica.—Piper Betle.—Elettaria Cardamomum.

(b) Lead: Allamanda cathartica.

Contusions.—Samadera Indica.—Plumeria acutifolia.—Aloes Barbadensis.—Casuarina sumatrana.

Heart, Diseases of.—Helicteres Isora.—Coffea Arabica.—Cinnamomum.

Coryza (rhinitis, nasal catarrh, ozoena).—Agati grandiflora.—Ocimum.—Curcuma longa.

Diabetes.—Eugenia Jambolana.

Diarrhoea, Dysentery.—Anona squamosa.—Anona reticulata and A. muricata.—Nelumbium nucifera.—Bixa Orellana.—Garcinia mangostana.—Ochrocarpus pentapetalus.—Thespesia populnea.—Gossypium herbaceum.—Bombax malabaricum.—Averrhoa Bilimbi.—Averrhoa Carambola.—Murraya exotica.—gle decandra.—Feronia elephantum.—Sandoricum Indicum.—Carapa Moluccensis.—Cedrela Toona.—Rhamnus Wightii.—Mangifera Indica.—Pterocarpus.—Csalpinia Bonducella.—Bauhinia malabarica.—Kalanchoe laciniata.—Terminalia Catappa.—Psidium pomiferum.—Eugenia Jambolana.—Punica Granatum.—Jussia suffruticosa.—Carica Papaya.—Carum copticum.

Randia dumetorum.—Ixora coccinea.—Morinda citrifolia.—Sphranthus Indicus.—Plumbago Zeylanica.—Mimusops Elengi.—Plumeria acutifolia.—Calotropis gigantea.—Tylophora asthmatica.—Oroxylum Indicum.—Anisomeles ovata.—Aristolochia Indica.—Piper Betle.—Phyllanthus Niruri.—Casuarina Sumatrana.—Zingiber officinale.—Cyperus rotundus.—Oriza.

Dyspepsia.—Illicium anisatum.—Sida carpinifolia.—gle decandra.—Samadera Indica.—Sandoricum Indicum.—Rhamnus Wightii.—Agati grandiflora.—Csalpinia Bonducella.—Cassia occidentalis.—Terminalia Chebula.—Carica Papaya.—Trichosanthes cucumerina.—Momordica.—Carum copticum.—Eupatorium Ayapana.—Blumea balsamifera.—Sphranthus Indicus.—Artemisia vulgaris.—Alstonia scholaris.—Strychnos Ignatii.—Capsicum fastigiatum.—Acanthus ilicifolius.—Lippia nodiflora.—Tectona grandis.—Ocimum.—Rosmarinus officinalis.—Anisomeles ovata.—Chenopodium ambrosioides.—Aristolochia Indica.—Piper Betle.—Zingiber officinale.—Elettaria Cardamomum.—Aloes Barbadensis.

Gingivitis, Hemorrhage, etc.—Feronia elephantum.—Tectona grandis.—Plantago erosa.—Phyllanthus reticulatus. (See "Sore-throat.")

Scorbutics.—Anona muricata.—Raphanus sativus.—Oxalis corniculata.—Phyllanthus reticulatus.—Musa paradisiaca and M. sapientum.

Spermatorrhoea.—Sida carpinifolia.—Lawsonia alba.

Constipation.—gle decandra.—Helicteres Isora.—Nicotiana Tabacum.—Sesamum Indicum.—Musa paradisiaca and M. sapientum. (See "Purgatives.")

Fevers.—Michelia Champaca.—Sida carpinifolia.—Tinospora crispa.—Anamirta Cocculus.—Samadera Indica.—Melia Azedarach.—Dysoxylum Blancoi.—Carapa moluccensis.—Cedrela Toona.—Erythrina Indica.—Cassia occidentalis (malarial).—Ammannia vesicatoria.—Trichosanthes cucumerina.—Hymenodictyon excelsum.—Morinda citrifolia.—Pderia foetida.—Plumbago Zeylanica.—Mimusops Elengi.—Alstonia scholaris.

Fracture.—Sterculia urens.

Throat, Diseases of (anginas, amygdalitis, pharyngitis).—Feronia elephantum.—Mangifera Indica.—Odina Wodier.—Melastoma malabatrichum.—Punica Granatum.—Mimusops Elengi.

Gout.—Celastrus paniculata.—Momordica.

Hemorrhage.—Bixa Orellana.—Bombax malabaricum.—Mangifera Indica.—Pterocarpus.—Csalpinia Sappan.

Hemoptysis.—Tetracera macrophylla.—Portulaca oleracea.—Csalpinia Sappan.—Casuarina Sumatrana.—Curcuma longa.

Herni.—Nicotiana Tabacum.

Liver, Diseases of.—Anona muricata.—Kalanchoe laciniata.—Lawsonia alba.—Lagenaria.—Momordica.—Oldenlandia corymbosa.—Sphranthus Indicus.—Carthamus tinctorius.—Solanum nigrum.

Cephalalgia.—Portulaca oleracea.—Coffea Arabica.—Blumea balsamifera.—Vitex.—Colus aromaticus.—Acalypha Indica.

Laryngitis.—Mangifera Indica.—Capsicum fastigiatum.

Leucorrhoea.—Garcinia mangostana.—Sandoricum Indicum.—Mangifera Indica.—Pterocarpus.—Acacia Farnesiana.—Terminalia Chebula.—Punica Granatum.

Bloody Flux.—Artocarpus integrifolia.

Menorrhagia, Metrorrhagia. See "Hemorrhages."

Bites of Insects and Poisonous Animals.—Feronia elephantum.—Carapa moluccensis.—Eupatorium Ayapana.—Tylophora asthmatica.—Rhinocanthus communis.—Coleus aromaticus.—Leucas aspera.—Aristolochia Indica.—Euphorbia neriifolia.—Acalypha Indica.—Allium sativum.

Nervous Diseases (chorea, epilepsy, convulsions, hysteria, etc.).—Sida carpinifolia.—Ruta graveolens.—Blumea balsamifera.—Artemisia vulgaris.—Solanum nigrum.—Datura alba.—Nicotiana Tabacum.—Coleus aromaticus.—Chenopodium ambrosioides.

Neuralgia.—Coffea Arabica.—Acanthus ilicifolius.

Odontalgia.—Murraya exotica and M. Koenigi.—Pterocarpus.—Calotropis gigantea.—Plantago erosa.—Cyperus rotundus. (See "Ears.")

Intestinal Obstruction.—Nicotiana Tabacum. (See "Purgatives.")

Ears, Affections of.—Cleome viscosa.—Hibiscus tiliaceus.—Helicteres Isora.—Crinum Asiaticum. (See "Odontalgia.")

Eyes, Affections of.—Argemone Mexicana.—Portulaca oleracea.—Calophyllum Inophyllum.—Garuga pinnata.—Abrus precatorius.—Erythrina Indica.—Jasminum Sambac.—Rosmarinus officinalis.—Curcuma longa.

Orchitis.—Calophyllum Inophyllum.—Sterculia urens.—Vitex.

Paralysis.—Celastrus paniculata.—Acanthus ilicifolius.—Ocimum.—Rosmarinus officinalis.

Parasites (pediculi, etc.).—Anona squamosa.—Anamirta Cocculus.

Skin, Affections of (lepra, itch, eczema, psoriasis).—Argemone Mexicana.—Pangium edule.—Portulaca oleracea.—Urena sinuata.—Thespesia populnea.—Sterculia foetida.—Kleinhovia hospitata.—Helicteres Isora.—Canarium commune.—Celastrus paniculata.—Mangifera Indica.—Anacardium occidentale.—Odina Wodier.—Pongamia glabra (itch).—Cassia fistula.—Cassia alata (herpes).—Entada scandens.—Psidium pomiferum.—Melastoma malabatrichum.—Lawsonia alba.—Carica Papaya.—Momordica.—Hydrocotyle Asiatica.—Alangium Lamarkii.—Oldenlandia corymbosa.—Ixora coccinea.—Spilanthes Acmella.—Plumbago Zeylanica.—Plumeria acutifolia.—Nerium odorum.—Calotropis gigantea.—Solanum nigrum.—Rhinacanthus communis.—Tectona grandis.—Leucas aspera.—Amaranthus spinosus.—Echinus Philippinensis.—Curcuma longa.

Burns.—Eriodendron anfractuosum.—Lawsonia alba.

Rectum, Prolapsed.—Pterocarpus.—Acacia Farnesiana.—Psidium pomiferum.

Rheumatism.—Tinospora crispa.—Cratva religiosa.—Ochrocarpus pentapetalus.—Mesua ferrea.—Sida carpinifolia.—Samadera Indica.—Celastrus paniculata.—Erythrina Indica.—Pongamia glabra.—Momordica.—Alangium Lamarkii.—Pderia foetida.—Blumea balsamifera.—Spilanthes Acmella.—Plumeria acutifolia.—Calotropis gigantea.—Ipomoea pes-capr.—Datura alba.—Oroxylum Indicum.—Acanthus ilicifolius.—Justicia Gendarussa.—Vitex.—Ocimum.—Rosmarinus officinalis.—Anisomeles ovata.—Euphorbia Tirucalli.—Zingiber officinale.—Allium sativum.—Andropogon Schoenanthus and A. nardus.

Kidneys, Affections of.—Sida carpinifolia.—Zea Mays.

Syphilis.—Tinospora crispa.—Erythrina Indica.—Hydrocotyle Asiatica.—Alangium Lamarkii.—Nerium odorum.—Calotropis gigantea.—Ehretia buxifolia.—Cassytha filiformis.—Euphorbia Tirucalli.—Acalypha Indica.

Tni. (See "Anthelmintics.")

Phthisis.—Garuga pinnata.

Tumors.—Trichosanthes palmata.—Sphranthus Indicus.—Ipomoea pes-capr.

Ulcers, Wounds, Sores, etc.—Tinospora crispa.—Dipterocarpus turbinatus.—Hibiscus tiliaceus.—Sterculia foetida.—Canarium commune.—Melia Azedarach.—Cedrela Toona.—Mangifera Indica.—Anacardium occidentale.—Odina Wodier.—Erythrina Indica.—Pongamia glabra.—Kalanchoe laciniata.—Terminalia Catappa and T. Chebula.—Psidium pomiferum.—Melastoma malabatrichum.—Hydrocotyle Asiatica.—Morinda citrifolia.—Eupatorium Ayapana.—Blumea balsamifera.—Spilanthes Acmella.—Artemisia vulgaris.—Mimusops Elengi.—Ipomoea pes-capr.—Solanum nigrum.—Nicotiana Tabacum.—Tectona grandis.—Phyllanthus Niruri.—Acalypha Indica.—Ricinus communis.—Artocarpus integrifolia.—Casuarina Sumatrana.—Nipa fruticans.—Carica Papaya.

Urticaria.—Phyllanthus reticulatus.

Bladder, Affections of.—Cissampelos Pareira.—Portulaca oleracea.—Dipterocarpus turbinatus.—Urena sinuata.—Abrus precatorius.—Clitoria ternata.—Pterocarpus.—Lawsonia alba.—Pderia foetida.—Spilanthus Acmella.—Allium sativum.—Zea Mays.

Vermes. (See "Anthelmintics.")



ALPHABETICAL INDEX

OF SYSTEMATIC AND COMMON NAMES OF PLANTS



A

Abangabang, 183

Abilo, 73

Abroma angulata, 55 augusta, 55 communis, 55 fastuosa, 55

Abrus precatorius, 88

Abutilon Indicum, 43

Acacia Arabica, 108 Catechu, 235 Farnesiana, 108 Indica, 108

Acalypha Caroliniana, 219 hispida, 220 Indica, 219

Acanthace, 185

Acanthus ilicifolius, 185

Acapulco, 102

Achiote, achuete, 32

Achras Sapota, 156

Achuiti, 32

Achyranthes aspera, 201 obtusifolia, 201

Aconitum heterophyllum, 155

Adelfa, 165

Adhatoda vasica, 188

Adiantum lunulatum, 142

gle decandra, 67 Marmelos, 70

Agati grandiflora, 88

Angay, 229

Ag, 177

Agiw, 76

Agoho, ago, 225

Agonoy, 152

Aguason, 171

Ajengibre, 228

Ajo, 233

Ajonjol, 184

Alang-ilang Sonson, 20

Alangitngit, 173

Alangium decapetalum, 138 hexapetalum, 138 Lamarkii, 138 tomentosum, 138

Albahaca, 195

Albohol, 176

Aleurites Moluccana, 217 triloba, 217

Algodn, 48

Alibangbang, 105

Alibun, 150

Allamanda cathartica, 159

Allium Cepa, 233 sativum, 233

Almendro, 110

Almond, Indian, 110 tree, Java, 73

Aloes, 232 Barbadensis, 232 humilis, 232 Indica, 232 vera, 232 vulgaris, 232

Alpasotes, 202

Alstonia scholaris, 163

Altha officinalis, 45

Alusiman, 134

Amaranth, thorny, 200

Amaranthace, 200

Amaranthus spinosus, 200, 201

Amargoso, 132

Amaryllidace, 231

Ammannia baccifera, 117 blistering, 117 debilis, 117 Indica, 117 vesicatoria, 117

Ammi copticum, 136 glaucifolium, 136

Amomum zingiber, 228

Ampalaya, ampalea, 132

Amugis, 86

Anabo, 55

Anacardiace, 82

Anacardium occidentale, 84

Anamirta Cocculus, 24

Ananangtang, 76

Andropogon nardus, 241 Schoenanthes, 240

Anethum foeniculum, 137

Angod, 201

Anibong, 55

Anis, 137 estrellado, 18

Anise, star, 18

Anisomeles ovata, 198

Annatto, 32

Anona muricata, 22 reticulata, 21 squamosa, 20 tuberosa, 20

Anonace, 20

Anonang, 21

Anonas, 21

Apalia, 132

Apalit, 93

Apalot, 148

Apamarga, 201

Apana, 149

Apariagua, 224

Apasotis, 202

Apocynace, 159

Apoyapoyan, 31

Apple, balsam, 132 bitter, 133

Areca, 234 Catechu, 234

Argemone Mexicana, 29

Aristolochia Indica, 203 Serpentaria, 207

Aristolochiace, 203

Aro, 225

Arodayday, 175

Aronganan, 46

Aroma, 108

Arroz, 242

Artabotrys hamatus, 20 odoratissimus, 20 suaveolens, 20

Artemisia Indica, 153 vulgaris, 153

Artocarpus integrifolia, 223

Asana, 93

Asclepiadace, 167

Asclepias asthmatica, 169 gigantea, 167

Ates, 20

Atsuiti, 32

Averrhoa Bilimbi, 60 Carambola, 60

Ayam, 134

Ayantoto, 200

Ayapan, 149

Ayapana, 149

Ayo, 58

Ayoban, 150

Azafrn, 229 de la tierra, 154



B

Babebabe, 112

Babay gubat, 47

Badiana, 18

Bael fruit tree, 67

Bangar, 51

Bagasoa, 175

Bangati, bangati gikosgikos, 88

Bagbag, 155

Bangkuro, 148

Bait, 212

Bakong, 231

Bakugan, 76

Balabalanoyan, 31

Baladri, 165

Balanoy, 195

Balasin, 24

Balay-namuk, 32

Balibago, 46

Balikbalik, 95

Balimbin, 60

Baliyoko, 240

Balogo, 106

Balotangaso, 100

Baloyong, 99

Balsamina, 132

Bamboo, 243

Bambus arundinacea, 243 arundo, 243 diffusa, 243 levis, 244 mitis, 244

Bambuseae, 243

Banana, 227

Banato, 220

Banilad, 52

Banilak, 110

Bankundo, 148

Barbadoes flower-fence, 98

Barleria Prionitis, 186

Barreliera Prionitis, 186

Basil, sacred, 195 sweet, 195

Basiloag, 76

Batobatonis, 210

Bauhinia malabarica, 105 tomentosa, 105

Bayabas, 113

Bayang-bayang, 200

Bayag-, Bayan-kambing, 96

Bayati, 24

Bayno, 28

Bayogo, 106

Bawang, 233

Belgaum, 217

Bentikohol, 228

Bergera Koenigi, 65

Betel-nut palm, 234

Betel pepper, 204

Bias pogo, 117

Bigas, 242

Bignonia Indica, 183 quadripinnata, 183

Bignoniace, 183

Bilimbin, 60

Bilogo, 80

Binukaw, 36

Biophytum cumiagiunum, 59 sensitivum, 59

Biri, 154

Birthwort, Indian, 203

Bitanhol, 38

Bitaog, 38

Bitnong, 53

Bixa Orellana, 32

Bixine, 32

Blumea balsamifera, 150

Boboy, 50

Bobuy-gubat, 50

Bonga, 234

Boho, 244

Bokawy, 243

Bolagtob, 176

Bolobotones, 210

Bombax Ceiba, 50 malabaricum, 50, 183 pentandrum, 50

Bonak, 195

Bonduc seeds, 96

Boraginace, 173

Botobotones, 239

Bowi, 210

Brassica juncea, 30

Brea blanca, 73

Bryophyllum serratum, 109

Buas, 220

Bucida cuminata, 111

Bugayon, 88

Bugo, 72

Bugos, 220

Bulak, 48 kastila, 50 na bundok, 49 na totoo, 49

Bungulang, 228

Bulakan, 47, 174

Bunlaw, 187

Burserace, 72

Butong, 95

Butterfly pea, 92

Butuan, 228

Buyayawa, 210

Buyo, 204

Buyok-buyok, 128



C

Cabalonga, 171

Caballero, 98

Cacao, 55

Cafe, 144

Cagel, 66

Csalpinia Bonduc, 96 Bonducella, 96 pulcherrima, 98 Sappan, 97

Calabash, 129

Calabaza blanca, 130 de peregrino, 129

Calachuche, 162

Calophyllum apetalum, 39 Calaba, 39 Inophyllum, 38

Calotrops gigantea, 167

Calyptranthes Jambolana, 114

Cambogia binucao, 36 venulosa, 36

Campanelo, 159

Camphire, 118

Canarium album, 73 commune, 73, 110 Luzonicum, 73

Caa, 243 de azcar, 241 dulc, 241

Caamiel, 241

Caafstula, 99

Capparidace, 31

Capsicum, 177 annuum, 178 fastigiatum, 177 minimum, 177

Carapa Moluccensis, 78 Guianensis, 78

Caraway, 136

Cardamon, 230

Carica Papaya, 123

Carmonea heterophylla, 173

Carpopogon pruriens, 90

Carthamus tinctorius, 154

Carum ajowan, 136 copticum, 136

Cashew nut, 84

Cassia, 208 alata, 102 fistula, 99 lignea, 208 occidentalis, 99 purging, 99 sophera, 103 tora, 103

Cassie flower, 108

Cassuvium reniforme, 84

Cassytha filiformis, 209

Castor oil plant, 222

Casuarina equisetifolia, 225 Sumatrana, 225

Casuarine, 225

Cavallium urens, 52

Ceanothus Wightiana, 82

Cebolla, 233

Cedrela odorata, 79 Toona, 79, 207

Celastrace, 80

Celastrus alnifolia, 80 paniculata, 80 Rothiana, 80

Celosia mana, 117

Cerbera manghas, 161 Odallam, 161 Thevetia, 159

Chachachachahan, 190

Champaca, 19

Chavica auriculata, 204 Betle, 204

Chenopodiace, 202

Chenopodium ambrosioides, 202

Chico, chiko, 156

Chili picante, 177

China tree, 75

Chinchaochinchauan, 26

Chinchona excelsa, 140

Chloranthace, 207

Chloranthus inconspicuus, 207 Indicus, 207 officinalis, 207

Chondrodendron tomentosum, 26

Cica decandra, 214

Cinamomo del pas, 118

Cinnamomum Culilowan, 207

Cinnamomum pauciflorum, 208 tamala, 208

Cissampelos Pareira, 26, 155

Citrullus Colocynthis, 133

Citrus acida, 65 aurantium, 66 Bigaradia, 66 Decumana, 67 notissima, 65 reticulata, 67 vulgaris, 66

Cleome alliacea, 31 alliodora, 31 icosandra, 31 pentaphylla, 31 viscosa, 31

Clerodendron fortunatum, 194 infortunatum, 194

Clitoria ternatea, 92

Clompanus major, 51

Cocas de Levante, 24

Cocculus crispus, 22 lacunosus, 24 suberosus, 24

Coco, 236

Coco-grass, 239

Coconut, 236

Cocos nucifera, 236

Coffea Arabica, 144

Coffee, 144 Negro, 100

Coleus aromaticus, 196 atropurpureus, 197 grandifolius, 197 suganda, 196

Colocynth, 133

Coloquntida, 133

Colosanthes Indica, 183

Combretace, 110

Cominos, 137

Composit, 149

Connarus foetens, 64 santaloides, 64

Consuelda, 213

Convolvulace, 174

Convolvulus maximus, 176 nil, 174 pes-capr, 175 Turpethum, 176

Conyza balsamifera, 150

Coral tree, Indian, 91

Coriander, 137

Coriandrum sativum, 137

Corn, 240

Cornace, 138

Cotton, 48

Cotyledon laciniata, 109

Crassulace, 109

Cratva religiosa, 32

Crinum Asiaticum, 231 giganteum, 231

Croton glandulosum, 218 muricatum, 218 Philippense, 220 purging, 218 Tiglium, 218

Crucifer, 30

Cucumis Colocynthis, 133

Cucurbita lagenaria oblonga, 129 villosa, 130

Cucurbitace, 127

Culantro, 137

Cuminum cynimum, 137

Curcuma longa, 229

Custard apple, 20

Cyamus mysticus, 28 Nelumbo, 28

Cyperace, 239

Cyperus rotundus, 239



D

Dalaw, 229

Dallapawen, 163

Dalondn, 190

Dalugdug, 96

Dalupan, 45

Damonghiya, 59

Damoro, 136

Dangla, 192

Dankagi, 171

Dankalan, 38

Dapdap, 91

Daraput, 71

Darasig, 58

Daripay, 175

Datura alba, 178 fastuosa, 179 Metel, 178 Stramonium, 178

Daucus anisodorus, 136 copticus, 136

Dayap, 65

Daytanag, 93

Dendrocalamus flagellifer, 244 sericens, 244

Dhatura, 178

Dianthera subserrata, 187

Dicotyledonous, Gamopetalous, 140 Polypetalous, 17

Diglas, dinglas, 111

Dilang boaya, 232

Dilaw, 229

Diliwariw, 185

Dilleniace, 17

Dinkalin, 38

Diosma serrata, 80

Dipterocarpe, 40

Dipterocarpus alatus, 40 incanus, 40 Indicus, 40 Mayapis, 40 trinervis, 40 turbinatus, 40

Dita, 163 tree, 163

Dokotdekot, 201

Doldol, 50

Dolichos pruriens, 90

Dolo-ariw, 185

Dool, 86

Duhat, duat, 114

Dukum, 45

Dulawari, 185

Dulupang, 43

Dysoxylum Blancoi, 76 salutare, 76 schizochitoides, 77



E

Echinus Philippinensis, 220

Echites scholaris, 163

Ehretia buxifolia, 173

Elemi, East Indian, 73

Elettaria Cardamomum, 230

Entada Purstha, 106 scandens, 106

Eriodendron anfractuosum, 50

Erythrina carnea, 91 corallodendron, 91 Indica, 91

Eskobanghaba, 42

Eugenia Jambolana, 114

Eupatorium Ayapana, 149, 182

Euphorbia capitata, 210 hirta, 210 ligularia, 212 neriifolia, 212 pentagona, 212 pilulifera, 210 Tirucalli, 213

Euphorbiace, 210

Exile, the, 159

Exostema Philippicum, 140



F

Fagara piperita, 63

Fennel, 137

Fever nut, 96

Foeniculum panmorium, 137

officinale, 137

vulgare, 137

Feronia elephantum, 69 ternata, 67

Ficoide, 134

Flores y Rosas Caballero, 98

Four o'clock, 199



G

Gabuen, 150

Gadelupa maculata, 95

Galonalpas, 239

Gamagamatisan, 176

Gamboge tree, 136

Gamut sa buni, 102

Gandarussa vulgaris, 187

Gapasgapas, 192

Garcinia Cambogia, 36 Hanburii, 37 mangostana, 35 morella, 36 pedicellata, 36 venulosa, 36

Gardenia spinosa, 142

Garlic, 233

Garuga floribunda, 72 Madagascarensis, 72 pinnata, 72

Gatasan pul, 36

Gatasgatas, 210

Gaway-gaway, 27

Geraniace, 58

Geranium grass, 240

Gikosgikos, 88

Gilalas, 199

Giling-gilingan, 43

Gilla nuts, 106

Ginger, 228

Gintingintin, 150

Gogo, 106

Gohong bakay, 106

Golondrina, 210

Gossypium arboreum, 49 Barbadense, 48 Capas, 48 herbaceum, 48 Indicum, 48

Gourd, bottle, 129 common, 129 pilgrim's, 129 white, 130

Goyabano, guyabano, 22

Gramine, 240

Granada, 120

Granatis, 116

Guanbano, 22

Guava, 113

Guayabas, 113

Gubat, 194

Guilandina Bonducella, 96 Moringa, 86

Gumamila, 46

Gurjun, 40

Guttifer, 35

Gynandropsis pentaphylla, 31



H

Hagonog, 152

Halahala, 128

Hamitanago, 53

Hamlibon, 150

Hangor, 201

Hangot, 201

Helicteres chrysocalyx, 54 Isora, 54 Roxburghii, 54

Hemp, perennial Indian, 55

Hibiscus Abelmoschus, 45 Rosa-Sinensis, 46 tiliaceus, 46

Hierba de San Pablo, de San Pedro, 214 mora, 176

Higo, 228

Higotbalato, 42

Himamaw, 77

Hitam, 110

Hojas de buyo, 204

Horse radish tree, 86

Huligaga, 140

Hydnocarpus inebrians, 132 polyandra, 33

Hydrocotyle Asiatica, 134, 142

Hymenodictyon excelsum, 140 Horsfieldii, 140



I

Ibabaw, 99

Icica Abilo, 72

Igasud, 171

Igiw, 76

Ignatia amara, 171 Philippinea, 171

Ilang-ilang de China, 20

Illicium anisatum, 18

Ipomoea hederacea, 174 nil, 174 pes-capr, 175 Turpethem, 176

Itm, 204

Ixora bandhuca, 143 coccinea, 143



J

Jalap, Indian, 176

Jambul, 114

Jasmine, Arabian, 158

Jasmium Sambac, 158

Jatropha Curcas, 215 multifida, 216

Jengibre, 228

Jequirity, 88

Jujube tree, 81

Jussia erecta, 122 suffruticosa, 122 villosa, 122

Justicia adhatoda, 188 Gendarussa, 187 nasuta, 189



K

Kabalongan, 171

Kabatiti, 82

Kabiki, 157

Kabrab, 91

Kahel, kahil, 66

Kala-danah, 174

Kalambibit, 96

Kalamias, 60

Kalanchoe laciniata, 109

Kalantas, 79

Kalasusi, 162

Kalatsutsi, 162

Kalawaga, 229

Kalayati, 190

Kalingag, 208

Kalisay, 110

Kalitis, 200

Kalungay, 86

Kalumpang, 51 sa lati, 78

Kamala, 220

Kamalagi, 104

Kamalungay, 86

Ka-Mara, 153

Kamela, 220

Kamias, 60

Kamigag, 175

Kamot-kabag, 96

Kamuning, 64

Kanaasaga, 88

Kanbil, 220

Kandaroma, 208

Kanlara, 171

Kantut, Kantutan, 149

Kanyin, 40

Kapal-kapal, 167

Kapanitulot, 187

Kapili, 217

Karambauaya, 212

Karo, 225

Karukansoli, 199

Kasabba, 154

Kasindik, 91

Kasits, 102

Kasla, 215

Kastio, kastiogan, 45

Kastuli, 45

Kastumba, 154

Kasubha, 154

Kasubhang-aso, 29

Kasupangit, 194

Kasuy, 84

Katagkatag, 175

Katakataka, 109

Katalonga, 171

Katand, 102

Katbolongan, 171

Katsumba, 154

Katuray, 88

Katwit, 213

Kayanga, 46

Kayutana, 63

Kawayag-toto, 243

Kilingiwa, 60

Kilitis, 200

Kinamboy, 229

Kleinhovia hospitata, 53

Kokongmanok, 186

Kolasiman, 34

Kolokanting, kolokating, 92

Kolonkogon, 195

Kongi, 58

Konty, 176

Kopang, 107

Kuakuakohan, 43

Kuanton, 200

Kukubitan, 128

Kulanta, 186

Kulit, 148

Kulutan, kulutkulutan, 44

Kuragda, 128

Kusung, 239

Kuty, 176



L

Labiat, 195

Lagayray, 175

Lagenaria clavata, 130 courgourda, 129 Gourda, 129 vulgaris, 129

Langis, 184

Lagiwlagiw, 185

Langkawas, 230

Langkuas, 230

Lago, 154

Lagpakon, 176

Lagundi, 192

Lagunding gayang, 192

Lakadbulan, 150

Lakatan, 228

Lakbanbulan, 150

Laktang, 24

Lalakdan, 150

Lambayog, 175

Lampayog, 175

Lamudio, 136

Lanigpa, 79

Lanta, 24

Lantn, llantn, 199

Laportea Gaudichaudiana, 224

Lasuna, 233

Laurace, 208

Laurus culilaban, 208

Lawas, 27

Lawsonia alba, 118 inermis, 118 spinosa, 118

Laya, 228

Leadwort, white-flowered, 155

Leguminos, Cesalpinace, 96 Mimose, 106 Papilionace, 88

Lemon, 65

Lengua de perro, 212

Letondang, 228

Leucas aspera, 199

Liby, 201

Ling, 184

Lingaton, 224

Lingasina, 222

Liktang, 24

Liliace, 232

Lilitan, 149

Limnophila menthastrum, 182

Limn, 65

Linatoganak, 71

Lino, 148

Lintang bagin, 24

Lipa, 224

Lipangdoton, 224

Lipay, 90

Lippia nodiflora, 190

Live-for-ever, 109

Long, 184

Loganiace, 171

Lokoloko, 195

Lombayong, 99

Lomboy, 114

Lotus, sacred, 28

Lubilubi, 176

Luffa gyptiaca, 131 pentandra, 131 petola, 131

Lugo, 110

Lukban, 67

Lumban, 217

Luya, 228

Lythrace, 117



M

Magatas, 210

Magnoliace, 18

Mangit, 173

Mahihiin, 59

Maz, 240

Maize, 240

Makabuhay, 22

Makahiya, 59

Makalingag, 208

Makasili, 76

Malaapolid, 239

Malabangaw, 76

Malabago, 46

Malabalugbug-dagis, 58

Malabohok, 209, 225

Malabukbuk, 39

Malakabuyaw, 67

Malakatmn, 17

Malapoko, 122

Malaubi, 203

Malawin, 192

Malinta, 214

Malis, 43

Malisa, 206

Malismalis, 210

Mallotus Philippensis, 220

Malungay, 86

Malungit, 86

Malvace, 42

Malvas de Castilla, 43

Mamalis, 42

Mambog, 148

Mamin, 204

Mamn, 204

Mana, 216

Mananaog, 171

Manga, 82

Mangifera Indica, 82

Mangostn, 35

Mangosteen, 35

Manimanikan, 103

Manungal, manunagl, 71

Manungala pendula, 71

Manzanitas, 81

Marapoto, 45

Maravillas, 199

Marikum, marukum, 45

Marjoram, 196

Marsh mallow, 45

Marvel of Peru, 199

Mayana, 197

Mayapis, 40

Melastomace, 116

Melastoma aspera, 116 malabatrichum, 116 obvoluta, 116 obvolutum, 116

Melia Azedarach, 75

Meliace,75

Menispermace, 22

Menispermum Cocculus, 22 crispum, 24 lacunosum, 24 rimosum, 22

Mesua ferrea, 39, 143

Michelia Champaca, 19

Migi, 78

Mimosa Farnesiana, 108 peregrina, 107

Mimusops Elengi, 157

Mirabilis Jalapa, 199 longiflora, 199

Molawin, 194

Molopolo, 44

Momordica balsamina, 132 Charanta, 132 cylindrica, 132 muricata, 132 operculata, 131

Monkey-face tree, 220

Monocotyledons, 227

Morado, 228

Morinda bracteata, 148 citrifolia, 148 ligulata, 148 Royoc, 148 tinctoria, 149

Moringa oleifera, 86 poligona, 86 pterigosperma, 86

Moringe, 86

Mostaza, 30

Mota, 239

Mucuma pruriens, 90 prurita, 90 utilis, 90

Mudar, 167

Mulberry, Indian, 148

Murraya exotica, 64 Koenigi, 65

Murraya odorata, 69 paniculata, 64

Musa paradisiaca, 227 sapientum, 227

Musace, 227

Musla-samul, 50

Mustard, 30 wild, 31

Mutha, 239

Myrobalans, 111

Myrtace, 113



N

Naga, 93

Nagamulli, 189

Nagesur, Nag-kasar, 40

Nangka, 223

Namakpakan, 38

Naranjas, 67

Naranjas del pas, 66

Naranjita, 67

Narra, 93

Nato, 110

Nelumbium Asiaticum, 28 nucifera, 28 speciosum, 28

Nerium odorum, 165 oleander, 165

Nicotiana Tabacum, 180

Nightshade, black or common, 176

Nigi, 78

Nino, 148

Niog, 236

Niogniogan, 112

Niota tetrapela, 71

Nipa, 238 fruticans, 238

Nipay, 90

Nutgrass, 239

Nyctaginace, 199

Nyctanthes Sambac, 158

Nympha Lotus, 27

Nymphace, 27



O

Obispo, 228

Ochrocarpus pentapetalus, 38

Ocimum Americanum, 195 basilicum, 195 flexuosum, 195 gratissimum, 195 sanctum, 195 virgatum, 195

Odina Wodier, 86

Olasiman, 34

Oldenlandia biflora, 141 burmaniana, 141

Oldenlandia corymbosa, 141

herbacea, 141

ramosa, 141

scabrida, 141

Oleace, 158

Oleander, sweet-scented, 165 Yellow, 159

Omadiung, 239

Onagrace, 122

Onion, 233

Onoran, 239

Onty, 176

Ophelia chirata, 194

Opo, 130

Orange, 66

Orayi, 200

Organo, 196

Oriza, 242

Oroxylum Indicum, 183

Osiw, 243

Oxalis Acetosella, 58 corniculata, 58 sensitivum, 59



P

Pderia foetida, 149 sessiflora, 149

Paja de Meca, 240

Pakayomkon-kastila, 102

Pakupis, 128

Palagarium, 71

Palay, 242

Palm, 234

Palo del Brasil, 97 Maria, 38

Palunay, 152

Pamalis, 42

Paminta, 206

Pamunoan, 69

Panampat, 53

Pandan, 110

Pangaguason, 171

Pangi, 33

Pangium edule, 33

Pankundo, 148

Panoan, 69

Pansipansi, 199

Papaverace, 29

Papaw, 123

Papaya, 123

Paraiso, 75

Pareira brava, 26

Paria, 132

Parkia biglobosa, 107 Brunonis, 107 Roxburghii, 107

Pasotis, 202

Passiflorace, 123

Paypaysi, 199

Pedaliace, 184

Pennywort, Indian, 134

Pepita, 171 sa katbalongan, 171 sa katbolongan, 171

Pepper, black, 206 red, 177

Pernambuko, 49

Phlomis alba, 198 Zeylanica, 199

Phyllanthus Niruri, 214 reticulatus, 214 urinaria, 214

Physic nuts, English, 96

Pias, 60

Picrorrhiza kurroa, 155

Pili, pilis, 43, 73

Pimienta, 206

Pinkapinka, 183

Pinkapinkahan, 183

Piper Betel, 204 Betle, 204 nigrum, 206

Piperace, 204

Plantaginace, 199

Plantago crenata, 199 erosa, 199 media, 199

Plantain, 199

Pltano, 227

Plum, black, 114

Plumbagine, 155

Plumbago viscosa, 155 Zeylanica, 155

Plumeria acutifolia, 162 alba, 162

Poinciana pulcherrima, 98

Polanisia viscosa, 31

Pomegranate, 120

Pongamia glabra, 95

Poppy, Mexican, 29

Portulaca axiflora, 134 oleracea, 34 toston, 134

Portulace, 34

Prayerbeads, 88

Pride of India, 75

Psidium aromaticum, 113 pomiferum, 113 pyriferum, 113

Pterocarpus echinatus, 93 erinaceus, 93

Pterocarpus Indicus, 93

marsupium, 94

pallidus, 93

santalinus, 93

Pukingang, 92

Pukopukot, 128

Punica Granatum, 120

Purslane, 34



Q

Quisqualis Indica, 112 spinosa, 112 villosa, 112



R

Rbano, 30

Rabasa, 134

Radish, 30

Raiz de mora, 241

Randia aculeata, 142 dumetorum, 54, 142 longispina, 142 stipulosa, 142

Raphanus sativus, 30

Rhamnace, 81

Rhamnus Carolinianus, 81 Jujuba, 81 Wightii, 82

Rhinacanthus communis, 189

Rice, 242

Ricinus communis, 222 microcarpus, 222 Subpurpurascens, 223 viridis, 223

Robinia mitis, 95

Romero, 197

Rosas-Caballero, 116

Rose of China, 46

Rosemary, 197

Rosmarinus officinalis, 197

Rottlera tinctoria, 220

Rubiace, 140

Ruda, 61

Rue, 61

Ruta angustifolia, 61 graveolens, 61

Rutace, 61



S

Sab, 228

Sabila, 232

Saccharum officinarum, 241

Sacred lotus, 28

Safflower, dyer's, 154

Saffron, bastard, 154

Saga, 88

Sagamamin, 88

Sagdikit, 155

Saging, 227

Sage, Jerusalem, 198

Sangki, 18

St. Ignatius' bean, 171

Sladay, 63

Salagsalag, 128

Salay, 63, 240

Salingbobag, 32

Saling-wok, 194

Salimpokot, 128

Samadera Indica, 71

Samat, 204

Sambak, 104

Sambong-gala, 151

Sambon, 150

Sampaga, 158

Sampaguitas, 158

Sampaka, 19

Sampalok, 104

Samphire, 118

Sandalwood tree, red, 93

Sandoricum Indicum, 77

Sansawsansawan, 26

Santa Mara, 153

Santalum rubrum, 93

Santan, 143

Santol, 77

Sapang, 97

Sapotace, 156

Sappan wood, 97

Sasa, 238

Saunders, red, 93

Sayikan, 210

Schizostachyum acutiflorum, 243

Screw tree, Indian, 54

Senna, western, 100

Sesam, 184

Sesamum Indicum, 184

Sesbania grandiflora, 88

Sibukao, 97

Sibuyas, 233

Sida acuta, 42 carpinifolia, 42 frutescens, 42 Indica, 43 stipulata, 42

Siempreviva, 109

Sili, 177

Simarubace, 71

Sinampaga, 142

Sinapis alba, 30 juncea, 30 nigra, 30

Sisiwhan, 210

Sobsob, 150

Solanace, 176

Solanum Dulcamara, 177 nigrum, 176

Solasi, 195

Solasolasian, 199

Sonting, sunting, 102

Sorog-sorog, sorosoro, 212

Sorrel, Indian, 58

Sphoeranthus hirtus, 151 Indicus, 151 mollis, 151

Spilanthes Acmella, 152, 228

Star anise, 18

Sterculiace, 51

Sterculia cordifolia, 52 foetida, 51 polyphilla, 51 urens, 52

Strychnos Ignatii, 171 Philippensis, 171

Suelda, 213

Suganda, 196

Sugar cane, 241

Sungot-olang, 214

Suha, 67

Sukaw, 28

Sulbang, 91

Suma, 24

Sumalagi, 104

Sursur, 239

Susong damulog, 20

Susokayoli, 58

Suspiros, 199

Swallow-wort, 167

Swertia Chirata, 128

Syzygium Jambolanum, 114



T

Tabaco, 180

Tabayag, 129

Tabing, 43

Tabigi, 78

Tabobog, 128

Tabog, 67

Tacamahaca, 39

Toe-toe, 149

Tagaktagak, 189

Tagaraw, 112

Tagaray, 175

Taghilaw, 183

Taglinaw, 50

Tangantangan, 222 na morado, 223

Tanglad, 240

Tagudin, 38

Taingan dog, 58

Takbibung, 178

Takip kohol, 134 suso, 134

Taklang-anak, 36

Takpus, 148

Takurangan, 46

Tala, 182 odorata, 182

Talatala, 182

Talamponay, 178 na itim, 179

Talankaw, 155

Talaylo, 27

Taliantar, 148

Taliatan, 76

Taligharap, 198

Talisay, 110

Talutu, 50

Tamarind, 104

Tamarindo, 104

Tamarindus Indica, 104

Tamawian, 38

Tambalisa, 101

Tampuhing, 228

Tanag, 53

Tangolon, 112

Tapulanga, 46

Taramhampam, 182

Taratara, 182

Tartaraw, 112

Tawatawa, 215

Tawatawasinga, 222

Tawawa, 210

Tayabas, 113

Taywanak, 244

Tea, Mexican, 202

Teak tree, 190

Teca, 190

Tectona grandis, 190

Terminalia Catappa, 110 Chebula, 111, 115, 127, 155 mauriciana, 110 moluccana, 110 reticulata, 111

Tetracera Assa, 17 macrophylla, 17 monocarpa, 17 Rheedi, 17 sarmentosa, 17

Theobroma Cacao, 55

Thespesia populnea, 47

Thevetia nerifolia, 159

Tighiman, 100

Tinglog, 185

Tikla, 190

Tilites, 200

Timbangan, 203

Tinatinaan, 214

Tindang-bayang, 171

Tinisas, 153

Tinospora cordifolia, 23 crispa, 22

Tintatintahan, 214

Titiw, 185

Tobacco, 180

Toktok-kal, 161

Toronjas, 67

Toston, 134

Tovomita pentapetala, 38

Tree, alstonia or dita, 163 Black Myrobalan, 111 Jack fruit, 223

Trianthema monogyna, 134 obcordata, 134

Trichosanthes amara, 128 anguina, 128 cucumerina, 128 lucioniana, 127 palmata, 127 tricuspis, 127

Tsampaka, 19

Tsatsatsatsahan, 190

Tsiku, 156

Tuba, 24, 215 kamaisa, 218

Tub, 241

Tumbongaso, 148

Tumboung aso, kapay, 148

Tunas, 27

Turmeric plant, 229

Turpeth root, 216

Turroea octandra, 77 virens, 76

Tylophora asthmatica, 169



U

Umbellifer, 134

Unona uncinata, 20

Urena morifolia, 44 multifida, 44 muricata, 44 sinuata, 44

Urticace, 223

Urtica ferox, 224 umbellata, 224

Uvaria Sinensis, 20



V

Verbena capitata, 190 nodiflora, 190

Verbenace, 190

Verdolagas, 34

Vitex Leucoxylon, 192 Negundo, 192 repens, 192 trifolia, 192

Vuas, 220



W

Walnut, Indian, 217

Wars, 220

Water lily, 27

Wawalisan, 42

Weed, styptic, 100

Wood apple, 69

Wormseed, American, 202

Wormwood, Indian, 153



X

Xanthoxylum oxyphyllum, 63 violaceum, 63

Xylocarpus granatum, 78



Y

Yate, 190

Yayo, 58



Z

Zea Mays, 240

Zingiberace, 228

Zingiber officinale, 228

Zizyphus Jujuba, 81 Mauritania, 81



NOTES

[1] A ward or Barrio of Manila.

[2] In the U. S. P. and P. G. Marsh Mallow is a synonym for Altha officinalis, the root being the part of the plant which is used.

[3] Journal de Phar. et de Chim., XX., p. 3811.

[4] Daruty, loc. cit., p. xxvi.

[5] Official in the U. S. P. under the name of Santalum rubrum, and used only for coloring alcoholic solutions.

[6] Do not grow in the Philippines.

[7] Waring, loc. cit., p. 170.

[8] Journal de Pharmacie, Vol. XIV., p. 441.

[9] L'Union Pharm., Vol. XXIII., p. 291.

[10] European analyses make the amount 1-2.2 per cent.

[11] Including tnifuges.

[12] Names in italics are considered of especial importance by the author.

[13] I do not join these diseases because I consider them identical or due to the same pathogenic agent but because the plants that follow are used indifferently for the diseases.

THE END