The date, 1511, given as that of the first arrival of the Spaniards, refers to the shipwreck of Aguilar and his companions, who in that year were thrown on the eastern coast.

This introductory paragraph was entirely miscontrued[TN-27] by Avila, and nearly as much so by Brasseur. I add their translations to illustrate this.

Translation of Avila.

"A la quinta vez que sento el noveno Rey en la guerra cuando llegaron los Espanoles que se poblaron en la ciudad de Merida, el principal Rey de esa ciudad era siempre cacique y el ano en que llegaron los Senores Espanoles aqui en esta suelo fue el de 1511."

Translation of Brasseur.

"C'est a la cinquieme division cimentee (dans le mur) de ce onzieme Ahau-Katun qu'arriverent les Espagnols et qu'ils s'etablirent a Ti-Uoh de ce pays de Ti-Ho, et c'est a la neuvieme de cet Ahau que s'etablit le Christianisme, cette annee meme que vinrent nos seigneurs les Espagnols en cette contree, c'est a dire, en l'annee 1511."

It will be seen that the former completely travesties the passage, while the latter mistakes the proper names and destroys the chronological value of the dates given.

2. Hidalgos conquistadoren, Spanish titles which we are surprised to find a native claiming; but later on (Sec. 9) he informs us that he was authorized to employ them by the Spanish officials.

Chichinica was a pueblo near Chicxulub, which is now no longer in existence.

3. Ti ma ococ haa tin pol cuchi, "formerly, when the water will not entered to my head" i. e., before I was baptized. This complicated construction of the negative (ma), a future (ococ from ocol) and the sign of the past tense (cuchi), also occurs on an earlier page (98), where we have the sentence uacppel haab u binel ma [c]ococ u xocol oxlahun ahau cuchi, six years before the end of the 13th ahau. Ocol haa, syncopated to ocola, and even oca, was the usual term for Christian baptism.

Xulkumcheel was a pueblo which does not seem to have survived.

Ah Naum Pech, likul tu cah Mutul. Ah Naum Pech from, or native of, the town Mutul. The latter is the modern Motul, about 22 miles easterly from Chicxulub. The name is also spelled Mutul by Cogolludo (Historia de Yucatan, Lib. VI, cap. VII).

Halach uinic, previously explained, was the ancient native title of chief of a village. It is the same word which Oviedo, in his report of Grijalva's expedition deforms into calachini (Historia de las Indias, Lib. XVII).

The date, 1519, like various others in the narrative, appears to have been erroneously entered or copied. It should probably be 1539. Maxtunil does not at present exist. [C]ilam is a town north of Itzamal, near the sea coast. It is by some identified as the spot where Francisco de Montejo embarked after his retreat from Chichen Itza, in 1528.

4. The Kupuls were the family who reigned in the eastern province, where Valladolid was founded. They long retained their hostility to the Spaniards. Ekab was situated on the coast opposite the island of Cozumel. [C]ekom should probably read Tekom. Tixcuumcuuc no longer exists. Tinuum is a town 4 leagues north of Valladolid, on the road to Itzamal. [C]i [C]antun is a town north of Itzamal, said by Sanchez Aguilar to have been the ancient capital of the princely house of the Chels. Ake is probably the modern [C]onatake. Catzim is now the name of a hacienda in the Department of Itzamal, some distance from the coast. [C]elebna is unknown.

The expression tumen naob Bon cupul, translated by Avila "porque esa casa es de Bon Cupul," I think is an error of the copyist for tumen nacon Cupul. See also Sec. 18.

5. Hokzah uba, they betook themselves. The termination uba is that of the third person of reflexive verbs.

Nachi May, already mentioned, was a member of an ancient princely house mentioned by Landa and Sanchez Aguilar. One of them, Ahkin May, was apparently the hereditary high priest. The effort has been made to derive from their name the word Maya, and Brasseur would carry us to Haiti in order to discover its meaning (Landa, Relacion, p. 42, note), but this is unnecessary. May in the Maya tongue means "a hoof," as of a deer, and is a proper name still in use. There is no reason to suppose it in any way connected with Maya.

Matanok I take to be an error for matanon, from mat (pret. matnahi).

6. [C]ibikal may be, as suggested by Dr. Berendt, Tipikal, a town in the district of Merida. There is another of the name in the Sierra Alta (Estadistica de Yucatan, 1814).

Francisco de Bracamonte is mentioned by Cogolludo as among the first settlers of Merida.

7. Cogolludo mentions Rodrigo Alvarez as "Escribano del juzgado," who came with Montejo (Historia de Yucatan, Lib. III, cap. VI, and elsewhere).

8. U toxol cahob, the distribution of the towns, literally "the pouring out;" Avila translates it by "cuando se repartian los pueblos." The Spanish system of "repartimientos" and "encomiendas" was adopted in Yucatan,[TN-28]

9. The licentiate Alvares de Caravajal was alcalde mayor from 1554 to 1558. (Cogolludo, Hist. de Yucatan, Lib. V. cap. XV.)

10. This was apparently written by Don Pablo Pech, the son of the writer of the remainder of the history, and inserted in order to corroborate the statement just made by his father, that the latter had transferred the magistracy to him.

11. The holpop, literally "head of the mat," perhaps because when the company sat around or on the mat his place was at its head, was the official who had charge of the tunkul or wooden drum, with which public meetings, dances, summons to war, etc. were proclaimed, and with which the priests accompanied their voices in reciting the ancient chants (Cogolludo, Hist. de Yucatan, Lib. IV, cap. V). He was called ahholpop, and had charge of the public hall of the village, the popolna, "casa de comunidad," in which public business was transacted (Diccionario de Motul, MS.)[TN-29]

The ahkulel was the official second in command in a town or district. He acted in place of the batab or the ahcuchcab. The verb kulel means to transact business for another, to act as deputy.

Ahkin was the ordinary word for priest in the old language; kin, sun, day, time; ahkin, he who was familiar with the days and times, with the calendar, and also with the past and the future.

12. U chun u thanob; the chunthan or ahchunthan, literally, he who has the first word, was the member of the village who took the leading part in matters of business. The office and name are still in existence in the native village communities of Yucatan. (See Garcia y Garcia, Historia de la Guerra de Castas en Yucatan, Introd., p. xli.)

The ahkul was an envoy or messenger, who carried the orders of the prince to his people and to foreign princes. The title was usually prefixed to the name of the person.

The holcan, "head caller," was a military official in each village, whose duty it was when war was announced to summon the men in his district capable of bearing arms (see Landa, Relacion, p. 174). The Spanish writers translate it by alferez.

The nacon was an elective war chief, who held his position for the term of three years (Landa, Relacion, pp. 161, 173). The name is derived from nacal, to rise, go up, and hence as a delegate or elected representative (as is stated by the Dicc. de Motul).

13. The nucteelob were the ancianos, the wise old men of the village; manak, a trace or sign that appears at a distance and then disappears. U manak uinic ti ulah=I saw the trace of a man to-day, but it is no longer visible. Diccionario de Motul, MS.

"The province of Ceh Pech" was that in which Merida was: "u tzucub ahcehpechob, la provincia de los Peches al lado de Motul y Cumkal." Dicc. de Motul, MS.

14. Kah, pinole, is a drink made by mixing the meal of roasted maize with water. The word tuce (or, it may be, tuze) I do not find in any dictionary, nor does Avila translate it. The passage is an obscure one. Avila renders it "cuando fuimos a la guerra, bebian pinole y tuce, porque estaban enojados con los Cristianos." Possibly these were two articles of food especially used on warlike raids.

U zahacil in puczical, a cant phrase probably borrowed from the missionaries="the fear of my heart,"—in my humbleness. Puczikal appears to be a root-word, though of three syllables. It means the heart of men and animals, also the mind or soul, the desires, and the interior of certain growths, as the pith of maize, etc. (Dicc. de Motul.)

The year 1511 was that of the shipwreck of the deacon Geronimo de Aguilar and his companions, who were the first whites known to the natives of Yucatan.

The reference which is made in this section to a deputation of fifty natives to Spain, is not mentioned, so far as I remember, by other historians. As in some respects my translation differs from that of Avila, I give his.

"Cuando llego ante el monarca Ahmacan Pech, D^on Pedro Pech, y sus deudos, sus primeros descendientes, sus capitanes, todos fueron con el para honrar el monarca y vea la cara a sus vasallos indigenas, y escogio cincuenta de los grandes de ellos para llevar tras de el al monarca reinante para servirlos en la mesa alli lejos en Espana, pero los que vomitaron en el festejo delante del monarca reinante, esos entonces dijo el Rey que pagaron tributos todos y todos sus descendientes, mas nosotros los Peches," etc.

The phrase mac xenahi tu tzicile Avila translates "who vomited at the feasts;" but I believe xenhi, vomited, is a misreading for xanhi, remained, and tzicil is obedience, as serving-men.

Lae te hantabi, who was eaten; Aguilar himself was not eaten, as he was rescued by Cortes, in 1519, and served him as interpreter. But some of his companions were eaten by the natives, not of Cozumel, but of the coast to the south, and this is what Pech meant to say, unless, indeed—and I am inclined to prefer this view—we read hantezahbi instead of hantabi, which would give the sense "the land was discovered by Aguilar, who was given food (supported, maintained) by Ah Naum," etc. For particulars about Aguilar see Herrera, Hist. de las Indias, Dec. II, Lib. IV, cap. VIII.

Lai yabil hauic, etc. This is an important sentence, as fixing a date in the ancient chronology. U tunil balcah is an ancient term, not explained in the dictionaries. Balcah (or baalcah) means "a town and the people who compose it" (Pio Perez, Diccionario), hence people, the world, as the French use monde. From many references in the Maya manuscripts I derive the impression that the last stone in the katun pillar was placed in turn by the towns, each giving its name to the stone and the cycle (see ante, p. 171).

Assuming the correctness of the figures 1517—and there is no reason to doubt it—then Pech counted the katuns as of 24 years each, as Pio Perez maintained was correct; because he has already informed us in his introductory paragraph that the year 1541 was the close of the 11th Ahau, and 1541-1517=24.

16. The two previous visits referred to were probably those of Cordova, 1517, and Grijalva, 1518. "Those who knew to speak the true words," refers to the Catholic priests. All the historians of Cortes' expedition dwell on the effect produced on the natives of Cozumel by the religious services he held there.

The date, Feb. 28, 1519, seems correct, although it is not mentioned by any other writer I have at hand. Cortes left Havana, Feb. 19.

Lai yabil, "in this year," evidently a date is omitted, as the first arrival of the Spaniards at Chichen Itza was either at the close of 1526 or beginning of 1527. One of the Maya MSS. gives the year as bulucil Muluc, the 11th Muluc. The Maya year, it will be remembered, began on the 16th of July.

"It was on the memorable thirteenth of August, 1521, the day of St. Hippolytus, that Cortes led his warlike array for the last time across the black and blasted environs which lay around the Indian capital, etc." Prescott, Conquest of Mexico, Book VI, chap. VIII. There is little doubt but that the tidings of the dreadful destruction of the mighty Tenochtitlan was rapidly disseminated among the tribes far down into Yucatan and Central America, and made a profound impression on them.

This section is confused and difficult. Avila translates:—

"Fueron atacados por tercera vez los mismos Espanoles por todos los pueblos aqui en el pueblo de Cupul cuando hallaron a Ah Ceh Pech muriendose en una casa no embarrada y a su companero el otro Rey Cen Pot," etc.

18. The official date of the founding of the city of Merida was Jan. 6, 1542.

The anona or custard-apple does not seem to have been eaten by the natives, and it impressed them as strange and somewhat unnatural to witness the Spaniards suck them.

Ca u tocahob nao bon Cupul; this is translated by Senor Avila: "quemaron al capitan Cupul:" they burned the captain Cupul; but I take it to be a misreading for ca u yotochob nacom Cupul, and have so translated it. There is no account of a leader of the Cupuls having been burned, and, moreover, this is in accordance with Sec. 4.

Another important chronological statement is made in this section, to wit, that the year 1542 (I suppose July 16, 1541-July 15, 1542 is meant) was 13 Kan. As Pech has already told us that it was also the first year of the 9th Ahau Katun, we have the date fixed in both methods of reckoning, that is, by the Kin Katun as well as the Ahau Katun, according to the calendar which his family used.

19. The town of Tikom is still in existence, but I have not been able to find Popce on any of the maps. The Chels were a well known princely family in ancient Yucatan. The Dicc. de Motul says their province was that of [C]izantun.

26.[TN-30] The Don Juan Caamal whose acts are briefly sketched in this section is the same mentioned in the auto given previously, page 117. It is still a family name in Yucatan (Berendt, Nombres Proprios en lengua Maya, folio. MS.)[TN-31]

21. The first mission to Yucatan was that of Fr. Jacobo de Testera, with some companions whose names have not been preserved, 1531 to 1534 (see Geronimo de Mendieta, Historia Eclesiastica Indiana, pp. 380, 665; Torquemada. Monarquia Indiana, Lib. IX, cap. XIII, Lib. XX, cap. XLVII). They were stationed at Champoton and did not penetrate the country. The next attempt was in 1537. Testera, then Provincial of Mexico, sent five Franciscan friars, who returned after two years of efforts. Their names are unknown (Cogolludo, Historia de Yucatan, vol. I, pp. 175, 182). The third is the one referred to in the text. Its commissary was Fr. Luis de Villalpando, and its members were Fr. Lorenzo de Bienvenida, Fr. Melchor de Benavente, Fr. Juan de Herrera, Fr. Juan de Albalata, and Fr. Angel Maldonado. Five other missionaries came with Juan de la Puerta, in 1548 (Cogolludo).

22. The term ahetzil, I do not find, and translate it as ahe[c]il, the practice of conjuring, or sorcery. But it is quite possibly for ahuitzil, dwellers in the sierra. The next line is corrupt, and I can only guess at the meaning. The date, Nov. 9, 1546, is correct, and the history here given of the insurrection of the natives at that time is substantially the same as is told at length by Cogolludo (Hist. de Yucatan, Lib. V, cap. VII).

27. The Auditor Tomas Lopez came from Guatemala (not Spain) to Yucatan in 1551 or 1552, and in the latter year promulgated his "Laws" for the government of the natives, many of which are given in Cogolludo's History.

The passing reference to the cruelties of the Spaniards are more than borne out by the testimony of Fr. Lorenzo de Bienvenida. Writing to the King in 1548 he says:—

"En esta villa (Valladolid) se levantaron este ano de quarenta y siete los Indios * * * i este levantamiento por mal tratamiento que hacen a los Indios los Espanoles tomandoles las mugeres y hijos y dandoles de palos i quebrandoles las piernas i brazos i matandolos i desmasiados tributos i desaforados servicios personales, i si V^a Alt^a no provee de remedio con brevedad, no es possible permanecer esta tierra, digo de justicia. * * * *

"(El adelantado) dio la capitania a un sobrino que llaman Manso Pacheco. Nero no fue mas cruel que este. Este paso adelante y llego a una provincia que llaman Chatemal, estando de paz, i sin dar guerra los naturales la robo i les comio los mantenimientos a los naturales, i ellos huyendo a los montes de miedo de los Espanoles porque en tomando alguno luego lo aperreaban, i desto huian los Indios i no sembraban i todos murieron de hambre, digo todos porque habia pueblos de a quinientos casas i de a mil, i el que agora tiene ciento es mucho; provincia rica de cacao. Este capitan por sus proprias manos exercitaba las fuerzas, con un garrote mate muchos i decia, 'este es buen palo para castigar a estos;' i desque lo habia muerto, 'O, quan bien lo de.' Corto muchos pechos a mugeres, i manos a hombres i narices i orejas i estaco, i a las mugeres ataba calabazas a los pies i las echaba en las lagunas ahogar por su pasatiempo, i otras grandes crueldades." Carta de Fr. Lorenzo de Bienvanida,[TN-32] 1548. MS.

28. The town Conah Itza, or Con Ahitza, Con of the Itzas, may refer to the seaport, Coni, the eastern coast, where Montejo landed on his first expedition. Bishop Toral did not arrive in Yucatan until 1562, so the mention of him proves that this narrative was written after that date.

29. No such person as Juan de Montejo is known.

30. Yocol peten; so it is first spelled in the original manuscript, and afterwards altered to Yucalpeten. This latter occurs as a name applied to the peninsula, or a portion of it, in a number of passages of the Book of Chilan Balam of Chumayel. These have been quoted by the Canon Crescencio Carrillo in a recent work (Historia Antigua de Yucatan, pp. 137, 140, Merida, 1882), to support his view that the name Yucatan is an abbreviation of Yucalpeten.

Apart from the difficulty of explaining such an extensive abbreviation, which is not at all in the spirit of the Maya tongue, the words of Pech in this section and Sec. 33 conclusively prove that the two names are entirely distinct in origin. Carrillo is of opinion that yucal should be divided into y, u, cal, and he translates the name "la perla de la garganta de la tierra o continente." This appears far-fetched. Yocal is probably merely yoc hail, upon the water (il, determinative ending denoting what water); hence yocal peten, the region upon the water, applied to Yucatan or some part of its coast district. The h is nearly mute and frequently elided, as in ocola (ocol haa) to baptize.

A prophecy of the priest Pech, which is perhaps the one here referred to, appears in several of the Books of Chilan Balam, and also Spanish translations of it in the Histories of Lizana and Cogolludo, and a French version in Brasseur's report of the Mission Scientifique au Mexique, etc.

The text is quite corrupt, but I insert it as I have emended it from a comparison of three copies.

U THAN AHAU PECH AHKIN.

Tu kinil uil u natabal kine, Yume ti yokcab te ahtepal. Uale can[c]it u katunil, Uchi uale hahal pul. Tu kin kue yoklal u kaba, In kubene yume. Ti a-uich-ex tu bel a uliah, Ahitza, U yum cab ca ulom. Than tu chun ahau Pech ahkin, Tu kinil uil can ahau katun, Uale tan hi[c]il u katunil.

THE WORD OF THE LORD PECH, THE PRIEST.

At that time it will be well to know the tidings, Of the Lord, the ruler of the world. After four katuns, Then will occur the bringing of the truth. At that time one who is a god by his name, I deliver to you as a lord. Be your eyes on the road for your guest, Men of Itza, When the lord of the earth shall come. The word of the first lord, Pech, the priest, At the time of the fourth katun, At the end of the katun.

The only line in which I have taken much liberty with the text is the fifth, where, after the word kue, one MS. reads: yok taa ba akauba, and another, yok lac kauba, neither of which is intelligible.

If the date assigned in these lines be a correct one, they were delivered by the prophet in 1469. It is not impossible. The words are obscure and the prediction so indistinct that it might quite well have been made by an official augur at that time.

31. Nachi Cocom, head of the ancient and powerful Cocom family, ruled at Zotuta when Montejo made his settlement at Merida, and was a determined enemy of the Spaniards. He was defeated in 1542, in a sanguinary battle, and then accepted terms of peace. I have in my possession the copy of a survey which he made of the lands of the town of Zotuta in 1545, when he was evidently on good terms with the Conquerors.

32. The names Chan, Catzim and Chul belong to well known ancient Yucatecan families, and many who bear them are still found among the natives (Berendt, Nombres Proprios en Lengua Maya, MS.)[TN-33]

The words Zacuholpatal Zacmutixtun are rendered by Avila as proper names, and I have followed his example. I have not found a satisfactory explanation of them.

33. The day One Imix was a day of peculiar sanctity in ancient Yucatan. Landa makes the rather unintelligible assertion that the count of their days, or their calendar, invariably commenced on that day (Relacion, p. 236).

Imix is the 18th day of the month, and it is possibly[TN-34] that it and the two following days were used for intercalary days.

More to the purpose of explaining the prophecy in the text is the statement of Francisco Hernandez, who, as reported by Bishop Las Casas, relates that in the mythology of the Mayas, the god or gods Bacab, those who support the four corners of the heaven and who are identified with the "year bearers" or Dominical days of the calendar, died on the day One Imix, and after three days came to life again. (Las Casas, Historia Apologetica de las Indias Occidentales, cap. CXXIII.) This has reference apparently to the intercalary days Imix, Ik, and Akbal, which were counted so as to allow the next Kin Katun period to begin on I[TN-35] Kan. I have explained this theory fully in a paper, "Notes on the Codex Troano and Maya Chronology," in the American Naturalist, Sept. 1881. Naturally this was supposed by the Spanish missionaries to be a reference to Christian traditions.

Ca tip u chemob, when the ships were rocking; tipil represents the slipping and sliding movement of a partially submerged or hidden body; thus the beating of the heart and the pulse is tipilac. Ca yumtah banderas ob, when the banners waved; yumtah is to swing to and fro as a hamack or a flag. Piixtahob, from pixitah, to unreel or reel off yarn, etc., from a spindle. I suppose it refers to letting go the anchor.

The derivation of the name Yucatan here given is interesting, for several reasons. In the first place, it makes it evident that Pech did not believe it was an abbreviation of Yucalpeten (see ante, page 255). Again, although it has very often been stated that the name arose from a misunderstanding of some native words by the Spaniards, there has been no uniformity of opinion as to what these words were. Several of the phrases suggested have been such as have no meaning in the Maya tongue; (see full discussions of the question in Eligio Ancona, Historia de Yucatan, Vol. I, pp. 219, 220, and Crescencio Carrillo, Historia Antigua de Yucatan, cap. V.) As given by Pech it is perfectly intelligible and good Maya. Without syncope it would be "Matan ca ubah a than" shortened to "Ma c'ubah than,[TN-36] "We do not understand your speech." Pech is in error, however, in supposing that the name arose on the arrival of Montejo; it was in use immediately after the expedition of Cordova (1517), and if Bernal Diaz was correct in his recollection, was applied to the land by the Indians Cordova brought back to Cuba with him from the Bay of Campeachy. (See Bernal Diaz, Historia Verdadera de la Conquista de Nueva Espana, cap. VII.)

34. This is no doubt the same occurrence which is described at considerable length by Cogolludo, Hist. de Yucatan, Lib. III, cap. VI. But the details differ very much and the names of the messengers and the chief to whom they were sent are not identical. I believe this discrepancy can be explained, but it would extend this note too far to go into the subject here. The word yacatunzabin, which Avila renders "en dicha cueva," seems a compound of y, actun, zabin. The last is the name of the weasel; actun means both a cave and a stone house. By some it is supposed to be a compound of ac, tortoise, and tun, stone, a cave resembling a hollow tortoise shell.

35. Yoklal maix u lukul yol nacomob, "porque no se cansaban los capitanes" (Avila).

36. Pech adds a list of the names of Conquistadores which I have not inserted, as it is less complete than that found in Cogolludo.

39. Ma u manbal cuntahbalob u chinal; Avila translates this "that they shall not destroy"; but the word cuntahbal, from cun, cumtah, means that which is to be enchanted, and chinal is the throwing of stones. I suppose, therefore, it refers to some act of shamanism the design of which was to injure a neighbor.

FOOTNOTES:

[190-1] See his Informe acerca de las Ruinas de Mayapan y de Uxmal

[191-1] "Chijcxulub: poner los cuernos; hacer cabron a uno: u chiicah bin u xulub u lak; diz que puso los cuernos a su companero o proximo; que se aprobecho de su muger o manceba," Diccionario de Motul, MS.

[194-1] Tekom.

[195-1] nacon Cupul.

[196-1] matanon.

[196-2] Tipikal.

[198-1] hauah.

[201-1] cochlahal.

[201-2] yokolcab.

[202-1] tzolic.

[202-2] xanhi.

[202-3] utznac.

[203-1] tubalob.

[204-1] yotochob nacon.

[204-2] tiobi.

[206-1] ahe[c]il.

[206-2] tiihil.

[206-3] chunbez.

[207-1] chunbez.

[207-2] chabil.

[208-1] ociha.

[208-2] ezabil.

[208-3] [c]iboltahob.

[209-1] mulbaobe.

[210-1] ocol cah.

[210-2] panob.

[211-1] a—ciil—ex.

[211-2] yilahob.

[211-3] tzimin.

[211-4] ahactunob.

[211-5] actunzabin.

[212-1] [c]a uinalalob.

[212-2] chiic.

[213-1] tzoloc.

[214-1] beltahob.



VOCABULARY.

A

Ac, n. A turtle; a turtle shell.

Actun, n. (From ac, turtle shell, tun, stone.) A cave; a stone house.

Ah, A prefix signifying possession or action; also sign of masculine. See pp. 28, 57.

Ahau, n. (From ah, prefix, and u, collar? See p. 57.) A ruler, chief, king; a period of time.

Ahbalcab, n. The coming dawn. "Quiere amanescer." Dicc. Motul.

Ahez, n. (From ah, prefix, ezah, to show, to feign.) A sorcerer, magician.

Ahkin, n. (From ah, and kin, the sun, day, etc.) A priest.

Ahkulel, n. (From ah and kulel, to arrange business, etc.) A lieutenant, deputy. pp. 27, 247.

Ahoni, n. Well-dressed persons. p. 173.

Ahpul, n[TN-37] One who carries or bears.

Ahpulul, n. He or that which is carried or brought.

Ahtepal, n. A ruler, governor.

Ahtohil, n. A lover of justice; a righteous man.

Ahuitzil, n. Mountaineers. p. 131.

Ak, n. Osiers, willow branches. "Ramo de miembre." Pio Perez. Dicc.

Akab, n. Night, the night time.

Al, n. Son or daughter of a woman. Yal, her son.

Alah, v[TN-38] pres. alic, fut. alab. To speak, say, tell, order.

Alau, A numeral. p. 46.

Anahte.[TN-39] n. A book. p. 64.

Atan, n. Wife.

Auat, v. aor. autah, fut. aute. To shout, to sing. "Dar gritos."

B

Bahun, adv. How much.

Bak, n. 1. Meat, flesh; the private parts. 2. The number 400. 3. The turn of a rope around anything. 4. In composition, an intensive particle, or conveys the idea of enveloping with cords.

Bal or Baal, n. Thing, business, matter.

Balam, n. A tiger; a priest. p. 69.

Baalcah, n. The town and its inhabitants; the world. "El mundo con los que en el viven." Dicc. Motul.

Ban or Banban, adv. Much, too much.

Batab, n. Chief, ruler. See p. 26.

Be or Bel, n. A path, a road; a business; condition; history.

Beltah or Beel or Betah, v. aor. tah, fut. te. To do, to make.

Binel, v. irreg. aor. bini, fut. binxic. To go.

Bolon, Nine.

Botah, v. To pay.

Buc, n. Covering, clothing.

Buluc, Ten.

Buul, n. A broad bean.

C

Ca, adv. Then, when. conj. And. pron. We. adj. Two.

Caan, n. The sky, the heavens.

Cab, n. 1. Land, earth. p. 106. 2. Honey; a hive.

Cacab, n. A town and the land belonging to it; a township, commune.

Cah, n. A town, village.

Cah, part. A suffix and sign of the present and imperfect tenses, p. 29.

Cahal, n. A town, village. v. To reside, live in or at.

Cahtal, v. aor. cahlahi, f. calac. To live, dwell, reside.

Cal, n. Throat, neck; voice; in compos. an intensive particle.

Calab, A numeral. p. 45.

Cambezah, v. To teach, to instruct.

Can, n. 1. Conversation, talk. 2. The generic name for serpents. 3. The number four. 4. A gift or present.

Can, v. aor. tah, fut. te. To converse, to tell stories. aor. ah, fut. e[TN-40]. To teach, to impart information; to give another a contagious disease.

Can, part. in compos. Strongly, powerfully, as cankax, to tie very firmly.

Canantah, v. To watch, to guard over.

Canlaahal, v. To learn about.

Caputzihil, n. Baptism (ca, twice, zihil, to be born; an ancient word; see Landa, Relacion, p. 144).

Catac, conj. And; used to connect numerals. p. 49.

Caten, adv. The second time. Tu caten, for the second time. (From ca, two.)

Catul, adv. Two. Tu catulli, both, the two.

Caua, conj. And, then.

Cax, n. A fowl, a hen.

Caxan, v. aor. tah, fut. te. To seek, to find, to hunt for.

Caxtun, adv. Then, be it so, thus.

Ceh, n. A deer.

Cen, v. irreg. aor. cihi, fut. ciac. To say, to tell.

Ci, Cici, part. These prefixes mean pleasant, agreeable; originally, what is pleasant to taste.

Cibah, v. aor. cibhi, fut. cibic. To wish, to permit, to dare. U cibah ua a yum. Did your father permit it?

Cicithan, n. (From cici, pleasant, than, words.) Words of love or blessing.

Ciciol, n. (From cici and ol.) Joy, pleasure, peace, happiness.

Cii, n. The pulque liquor. See p. 22.

Cill, n. Delight, pleasure.

Cilich, adj. Saintly, holy.

Cob, v. 3d pl. pres. indic. of cen.[TN-41]

Cimil, v. To die.

Coch, in comp. Conveys the notion of extending or broadening.

Cochhal or Cochlahal, v. To make broad, to extend, to spread out.

Cuch, n. 1. Position, place. 2. Burden, load; met. sin. 3. Goods, possessions, treasures.

Cuch, v. aor. ah, fut. e. 1. To carry, to bear along. 2. To govern a town or state.

Cuchcabal, n. A province, region; the family, people or subjects of one ruler.

Cuchhab, n. The year-bearer or Dominical sign. p. 52.

Cuchi. Sign of past tense. p. 29.

Cuchul, n. The family or retainers of one person. "La familia o gente que uno tiene en su casa." Dicc. Motul.

Cul, n. A vase or cup.

Culcinah, v. To appoint, to promote, to establish; culcintahaan, appointed or promoted to an office or dignity.

Cultal or Cutal, v. aor. culhi, fut. culac. To sit down, remain, be present, be at home, etc.

Culul or Cuulul or Culicil, v. To rest or stop; to reside, to settle down.

Cum or Cuum, n. A vase, jar.

Cumcintah, v. To prepare for use, to put in order. Probably a form of culcinah.

Cumlaahaal, v. To stop, to check.

Cumtal, v. aor. lahi, fut. ac. To set up, to put in a place.

Cun or Cunah or Cunal, n. Enchantment, sorcery, conjury. Au ohel ua u cunal chuplal? Do you know the conjury of a woman? Dicc. Motul (i. e., to make her submit to the will of a man).

Cuntabal, Passive supine; from cunah, to conjure.

Cutz, n. The wild turkey,[TN-42]

Ch.

Chac, n. Water, rain, a giant, a god. adj. red. In comp. much or very.

Chacaan, n. Something plain, open, visible.

Chacanhal, v. To become visible, to show itself.

Chahal, v. To lose strength, to weaken.

Chakan, n. A savanna. p. 125.

Chapahal, v. To sicken.

Chayanil, n. The rest, the remainder.

Che, n. A tree; wood; adj.[TN-43] wooden.

Chem, n. A boat, a ship.

Chen, adv. Solely, only, merely.

Chenbel, adv. Vainly, fruitlessly.

Chi, n. The mouth; a border, limit, edge; a bite, as u chi pek, the bite of a dog. verb, to bite, to eat.

Chicilbezah, v. To set landmarks, to point out.

Chichcunah, v. To strengthen, to fortify.

Chichcunahthan, v. To support another's words, to agree with, to act in concert with. p. 107.

Chicul, n. A sign, mark, token.

Chikin, n. The West.

Chicpahal, v. aor. pahi, fut. pahac. To find, to discover, to recover that which is lost; "parecer lo perdido." Pio Perez, Dicc.

Chilan, n. An interpreter, p. 69.

Chin, v. aor. ah, fut. e. To stone, to throw stones at.

Chin, adj. A term of endearment.

Chinchin, v. To incline, lean over, be out of line.

Choy, n. A bucket; choyche, a wooden bucket.

Chuuc or Chuc, v. aor. ah, fut. e. To grasp, seize, to take possession of.

Chucan, n. Completeness, sufficiency, abundance.

Chuccabil, n. A province, district.

Chul, n. A flute.

Chulub, n. Rain water; reservoirs.

Chun, n. Foundation; trunk (of a tree); beginning; cause.

Chunbezah, v. To cause, to occasion, to begin.

Chunthan, n. (From chun, first, than; speech, he who speaks first.) A principal, a presiding officer.

Ch

Chaa, or Chtaab, v. aor. chaah, fut. chae. 1. To take, to carry; to carry off; hence to kill. 2. To recover that which is lost.

Chahucil or[TN-44] Chuhucil, n. Sweets.

Cheen, n. Lowland; well. pp. 33, 125.

Chibal, n. Lineage, generation.

Chuplal, n. Woman, girl.

Chuytab, v. To hang.

E

Et, A particle indicating similitude. As a verb, to hold alike in the two hands. Hence, eta, friend; etel, companion; etan, wife; etcah, fellow townsman; yetel, and, with, etc.

Ez, n. Enchanter, sorcerer.

Ezah, v. To show, to make public; to imitate, feign. Ezabil, what is to be or should be shown or published.

H

Haa, n. Water.

Haab, n. Year. p. 50.

Haban, n. Branch, twig. p. 126.

Hach, adv. Much, very.

Hahal, adj. and adv. True, truly.

Halach, adj, and n. True, truth; halach than, an oath; halach uinic. p. 26.

Halal, n. The cane.

Hanal, v. aor. hani, fut. hanac. To eat.

Haual, v. aor. haui, fut. hauac. To cease, to stop.

Hayal, v. To level with the ground, to destroy; from hay, thin, flat; hence hayalcab, the final end and destruction of the world.

He[c] or E[c], v. aor. ah, fut. e. To fix firmly, to establish, to found; to select a site.

He[c]cab, v. To fix or establish promptly; "poner o afirmar o asentar de presto alguna cosa que quede ferme." Dicc. Motul.

Hichcal, v. To tie up by the neck, to hang.

Hi[c] or Hi[c]il, n. The close or last of the week, month, or year, as u hi[c]il buluc ahau katun, the last day of the eleventh Ahau katun. Chilan Balam.

Ho, adj. Five.

Hokol, v. aor. hoki. To set out for, to go out from; of seeds, to sprout; of the beard, etc., to begin to grow.

Hokzahuba, v. To take oneself away from.

Hol, n. The end of anything, hence the door of a house, the gate of a town, the mouth of a bag or jar, a hole, an aperture; verb, sensu obscoeno, to seduce a girl, to penetrate her. Dicc. Motul.

Holcan, n. A warrior; adj. brave, valiant.

Holhaa, n. A seaport. See haa.

Holpay, n. A seaport. See pay.

Holpop, n. A chieftain (from hol and pop, mat); "he who is at the end or head of the mat."

Hom, n. A trumpet.

Hoppol, v. To begin.

Hun, adj. One.

Hunakbu, n. The one God.

Hunkul, adv. Once and forever, really, permanently.

Hunmol, adj. United together, congregated in one place[TN-45]

Hunten, adv. On one occasion, at one time.

Huun, n. A book. p. 63.

I.

Ich, n. 1. Face; eyes; twins; surface. 2. Fruit; longing; color.

Ich, prep. In, into, within.

Ilah v. aor. ilah, fut. ile.[TN-46] or ilab. To see, to look at, to visit, to test, to try.

Ix, fem. prefix. See page 28; conj. and also n. urine.

Ixim, n. Maize.

Ixmehen, n. A daughter.

K.

Kaan, n. A measure. p. 27.

Kab, n. The hand, the arm.

Kaba, n. A name. See p. 26.

Kabanzah, v. To give a name.

Kah, n. Pinole, meal of roasted maize, used for stirring in water to drink.

Kahal, v. To remember, recall.

Kahlay, n. Memory, memorial, record.

Kak, n. Fire; also a febrile disease.

Kaknab, n. The sea, the ocean.

Kal, n. A score. p. 39; verb, to imprison.

Kam or Kamah, v. To accept, receive; to take possession of.

Kan, adj. Yellow. n. The name of the first day of the Maya month.

Kat, v. To wish, to desire. To ask, to ask for, to inquire.

Katun, n. A body of warriors; a period of time. p. 58.

Kax, n. Forest, woods.

Kaxah, v. To join, unite, tie together.

Kay or Kayah, v. To sing.

Keban, n. Sin, evil.

Kebanthan, v. To plot evil, to calumniate; to commit treason; "kebanthanil, traicion." Dicc. Motul.

Kilacale, n. Ancestors.

Kin, n. The sun; a day; time.

Kinchil. A numeral. p. 46.

Koch or Kooch, v. To carry on the shoulders as a burden, hence, fig. n. obligation, fault, sickness.

Kohan, n. Sickness.

Ku, n. God, divinity.

Kubulte, n. Delivery, deposit.

Kuchul, v. aor. kuchi, fut. kuchuc. To arrive, to come to.

Kul, in comp. much, very; kulvinic. pp. 133, 164.

Kuna, n. (From ku, god, na, house). A temple, a church.

Kuuch, n. Cotton threads.

Kuxil, n. Aversion, disgust, annoyance; verb, to feel disgust at.

Kuyan, adj. Consecrated to God, holy.

L

Lahal, v. To finish, to end.

Lahca. Twelve.

Lahun. Ten. p. 38.

Lai or Lay, rel. and dem. pron. This, that, these, those, which, what, etc.

Lak, n. Companion, neighbor.

Lic or Licil, rel. In which, by which.

Likil, v. To rise, to raise; as likil katun, to begin war.

Likin or Lakin, n. The East.

Likul, prep. From, out of.

Likzah, v. To lift up, to raise; likzahuba, to raise oneself.

Loh, v. To redeem, to set at liberty.

Lohil, n. The Redeemer, the Saviour.

Lukanil, n. That which is set apart or separated.

Lukul, v. aor. luki, fut. lukuc. To leave a place, to depart from, go out of.

Lukzah, v. To free, to separate from; lukzahuba, to quit, to abstain from.

M

Ma, adv. No, not. From this are the negatives, matan, not, emphatic; mato, matac, maina, not even; maix, matla, neither; mamac, no one; manan, without, etc.

Mac, rel. pron. Who.

Maccah, v. To obstruct, close up roads, etc. Hence macan p. p. p. that which is obstructed.

Mach, v. aor. ah, fut. e. To take with the hand, to hold in the hand.

Mactzil, adj. Marvelous, miraculous; n. a miracle, an act of Providence. (From mac, most, and tzibil, to be obeyed or reverenced.)

Mak, v. To eat soft things, to eat without chewing.

Mal or Malel, v. aor. mani, fut. manac. To pass.

Manak, n. A sign or mark.

Manal, adv. Too much, in excess.

Manbal, adv. Nothing.

Mat, v. To receive, obtain.

Maya, n. Derivation of. p. 16.

Mayacimil, n. The pestilence. p. 132.

Mazcab, n. A prison, gaol.

Mazeual, n. Vassal, servant. Nahuatl, maceualli.

Mehen, n. A son.

Mek, n. An armful, hence

Mektantah, or Mektanma, v. To hold in one's power, to rule, govern.

Mektancah, n. Jurisdiction, municipality.

Mektanmail, n. A ruler, governor.

Mentah, v. To make, manufacture.

Menyah, v. To work, serve. n. Work, service.

Met, n. A wheel. p. 86.

Mex or Meex, n. The beard.

Meyah, v. To serve, to labor for one.

Minantal, v. p. p. minaan.[TN-47] To lack, to be absent or wanting, not to have.

Molcintah, v. To gather together, join, unite.

Moltah, v. To gather around.

Mothtal, v. To humble, to submit.

Muk, n. Fortitude, bravery.

Muktan, v. To suffer with fortitude.

Mul or Mol, part. in comp. Jointly, in common.

Mulba, v. To congregate, to come together.

Multepal, v. To rule or govern jointly. p. 131.

Muz, v. To cut.

N

Na, n. A house, not designating whose.

Naat, v. To know, understand.

Nacal, v. To ascend. p. 28.

Nachi, adv. Far off, distant.

Nacpalancal, v. To grope, to feel one's way.

Nah, v. To suit, wish, desire; nahuba, to suit, etc., for oneself.

Nak, n. The abdomen, belly, the end; verb. to end, finish; to join, to stick; tu nak, at the end, near, close to.

Nakal, v. To approach, to join on.

Nant, v. See Naat.

Noh, adj. Great, large.

Nohkakil, n. Smallpox. p. 132.

Nohoch, adj. Great, large.

Nohol, n. The South.

Nuc, adj. Great, large.

Nuc, v. To answer; n. an answer.

Nuctah, v. To understand, perceive.

Nucte, adj. Old, ancient; nucteel, the elders and leading men of a town.

Nucul, n. Signification, meaning; manner, form, figure.

Numya, n. Toil, misery, unhappiness.

Nucahthan, v. To reply, to answer.

Nupthan, n. Companion, associate.

O

Oc, n. The foot; yooc his foot, their feet.

Oca or Ochaa or Ocolha, (From v. ocol, to enter, haa, water,) To baptize.

Ocnakuchil, n. A pestilence. p. 151.

Ocol, v. aor. oci, fut. ococ. To enter; also sensu obscoeno.

Ohel, v. aor. tah, fut. te. To know, to recognize.

Ol, n. Mind, intention, will.

Olah, v. To wish, to desire; n. will, goodwill, wish.

On, pron. We.

Ontkin, adv. For a long time.

Op or Oop, n. The anona, custard apple.

Otoch, n. House, dwelling, denoting whose. p. 106.

Ox, adv. Three; oxlahun, thirteen. p. 130.

P

Pa or Paa, n. A walled town, stronghold, fortress. p. 163.

Pa, v. To break, break down, destroy.

Pach, To take possession of, to select a place.

Pach, n. The back of the shoulders; the outer or back part; hence, the last or end of anything; tu pach, behind, after.

Pachal, adv. Afterwards, late.

Paiche, n. A mark, a line.

Pak or Pakil, n. A wall of stone, verb, aor. ah, fut. e.[TN-48] To found, build, sow, plant; hence

Pakal, n. A building, founding, etc.

Pakte or Pakteil, adv. All together, in all.

Palil, n. A servant, man-servant.

Pan, n. Standard, banner.

Patan, n. Tribute, tax; from paatah, to watch, to guard.

Patcunah, v. To declare, set forth, explain; n. an explanation, etc.

Paxal or Paaxal, v. aor. xi, fut. xac. To forsake, abandon, desert, depopulate; "desamparar y despoblar pueblo." Dicc. Motul.

Pay, n. The sea-coast.

Pay, v. aor. tah, fut. te. To draw or call toward one, hence, payal, to be called or summoned.

Paybe, n. (From pay, and be, a road). A guide; hence, adv., first, before.

Pek, n. A dog.

Pet, n. A circle, wheel.

Peten, n. An island, country, province. p. 122.

Pic. A numeral. p. 45.

Pix or Piixtah, v. To unwind, to cast anchor.

Pixan, n. Soul; happiness; adj. happy.

Pol. n. Head; hair.

Puchtun, n. Fighting, quarreling.

Puczical, n. Heart; mind, will, soul.

Pul, v. To bring, to carry. Ahpulul, one who brings.

Pp

Ppatal, v. To remain, to stay.

Ppiz, n. A measure of grain, etc.

Ppoc, n. A hat.

Ppul or Ppuul, n. An earthen jar.

T

Taab, n. Salt.

Tab, v. To tie together; hence

Tabal, n. Relationship; anything attached to or dependent on another.

Tabzah, v. To deceive, to delude, to tie.

Tah, adv. Whence, whither, thence, to, unto. pron. For us, for our part.

Takal, v. To stick to; to add to, to increase.

Tal, prep. From; tii tal en, I am from there. Dicc. San Francisco.

Tal, v. aor. ah, fut. e. To touch, to begin to take; to make use of.

Talel, v. aor. tali, fut. talae or tae. To come, to go.

Tamuk, adv. While, when.

Tan, n. The breast; hence, the middle of anything; as tan cah, the middle of the town. p. 132.

Tan, postposition. Toward, as lakintan, toward the East.

Tancabal, n. The premises of a house; a house and its grounds.

Tancoch, n. A half (from tan, and cochil, the width, the size of a thing).

Tec, adv. Quickly, suddenly.

Tem or Temah, v. To satisfy, please.

Ten, pron. I. Ten c en, I who am I.

Tepal, v. To rule, govern.

Than, n. Word, speech.

Thun, n. A drop, a spot, a dot.

Ti, prep. To, by, for; sign of dative and ablative.

Tiihil, v. To happen there, to take place there.

Tipp, v. To exceed in size; to go forth from; as tippan kin, the sun having appeared.

Toc or Tooc, v. aor. tocah, fut. e, To burn.

Toch, adj. Severe, firm, rough.

Tocoyna, n. A deserted house or field; "solar yermo." Dicc. Motul.

Toh, adj. Just, righteous; ahtohil, a magistrate.

Tohyol, adj. Healthy, well (from toh, ol).

Tox, v. To pour out; tox haa ti pol, to pour water on the head, i. e., to baptize. Dicc. Motul. Toxol, the person baptized; also a distribution or outpouring, as toxol cahob, a distribution of towns to different rulers.

Tul, adj. Full, abounding. p. 39. verb. To fill to overflowing, to rise (of the tide). For tutul see p. 109.

Tulpach, v. To go back, to return.

Tulum, n. A wall, walled town. p. 163.

Tumen, prep. For, by reason of, because of.

Tun, n. A stone. A euphonic particle. p. 124.

Tux or Tuux, adv. Where, in what part or place.

Tuzebal, adv. Promptly.

Tuzinil, adv. All, in all parts.

Tzac, v. To seek, to follow.

Tzen, n. Food, sustenance; hence,

Tzentah, To give food to.

Tzicil, v. To obey, to serve.

Tzimin, n. A horse.

Tzol, n. A string, thread; hence, verb, to arrange on a string, to put in order, to adjust; tzolan, an arrangement, series, order.

Tzuc, n. A part, division. p. 54.

Tzucub, n. A province.

U

U, n. The moon; a month; menstrual period; a string of beads, a collar; rosary. pron. His, her, its, their. Also a euphonic particle before vowels.

Uaatal, v. To set up, erect.

Uabic, adv. How, in what manner.

Uac, Six.

Uacchahal, v. To emerge with force. p. 185.

Uacuntah, v. To set on end, to put in place; to designate, appoint; uacuntahbal, the putting in place, etc.

Uah, n. Tortilla, bread; uahal uahob. p. 129.

Uahil, n. Banquet; guest.

Ualac, adv. While, meanwhile.

Ualkahal, v. To turn oneself, to return.

Uaxac, Eight.

Uay or Uai, adv. Here, in this place.

Uazaklom, n. A return, p. 86.

Ubah, v. To hear, understand.

Uchebal, conj. In order that.

Uchul, v. aor. uchi, fut. uchuc. To happen, to occur, take place, come to pass.

Uinalal, n. Labor, work.

Uinbail, n. Image, figure.

Uinic, n. Man; a measure, p. 27.

Uitz, n. A mountain, a hill. p. 131.

Ulul, v. To arrive, return.

Ulum, n. A bird, a pheasant.

Uooh, v. To write, p. 63.

Utial, prep. For, on account of.

Utz, adj. Good; utzil, the good, the well-being.

Utzcinah, v. To make better, to perfect; to compose a speech or essay; to set in order.

Utzuac, adv. Now, be it now.

Uuc. Seven.

Uu[c], n. A folding, doubling; a line of warriors.

X

Xachetah, v. To seek, to procure.

Xamach, n. A large pot or jar.

Xaman, n. The North.

Xan, n. Straw; conj. also adv. slowly.

Xantal, v. aor. xanhi fut. xanac. To stay behind, to remain.

Xenhi, v. To vomit.

Xic, v. To split, to divide.

Xicin, n. The ear, the hearing.

Ximbal, v. to journey, to pass.

Xiu, n. Grass, herbage, name of a noble family. p. 109.

Xma, prep. Without.

Xocol, v. To count, to read.

Xotlahal, v. To cut.

Xul, n. End, limit; v. to end, also xulul.

Y

Ya, n. 1. Love 2. Pain, wound, sickness. 3. Difficulty. 4. A shoe.

Yaab, adj. Much, abundant: yaabil, abundance, multitude.

Yacunah, v. To love.

Yah or Yaah, n. Severe sickness.

Yala, The rest, remainder.

Yalan, prep. Under, beneath.

Yan or Yanhal, v. To have, to be, to stand.

Yax, adv. First, freshly; adj. green, young.

Yaxchun, n. The beginning, cause.

Yetel, conj. And, with, a compound of u etel, his or its companion, usually abbreviated to[TN-49] y.

Yib, n. A bean.

Yic, n. Red peppers.

Yok, prep. On, over, in front of.

Yoklal, prep. By reason of, because of.

Yokolcab, adv. On the earth, in the world.

Yol, n. Mind, spirit.

Yxma, prep. Without, =xma.[TN-50]

Yub, n. Cloak, coat.

Yum, n. Father; lord; ruler; head of a family.

Yum or Yumtah, v. To wave, to move to and fro.

Z

Zabin, n. A weasel.

Zah or Zahal or Zahacil, n. Fear, terror; verb, to fear.

Zat, v. aor. ah, fut. e. To lose.

Zi, n. Wood.

Zihnal, n. Birth, a native.

Zil or Ziil, v. To give, to present; n. gifts.

Zinah, v. To cut wood.

Zuhuy, n. A virgin.

Zulbil-taab, n. Purified salt, from zul, to soak.

Zut, v. To return; tu zut pach, back again, over again.

[C]

[C]a v. aor. [c]aah, fut. [c]ae or [c]aab. To give; [c]abal, past part. pas. that which is to be given.

[C]a, v. To avail, to be of advantage.

[C]aleb, n. A seal, mould, press.

[C]an, v. To devastate, ruin.

[C]a[c], v. To suck; [c]a[c]opob, suckers of anonas, a name given to the Spaniards.

[C]iboltah, v. To desire, wish for.

[C]ib or [C]ibah, v. To write.

[C]icil, n. Bravery; encouragement.

[C]ilibal, n. A register, record.

[C]oc, n. The end, the last. v. To happen, to occur; to tear down. adv. Already.

[C]oocol, v. To end, finish.

[C]u[c], v. To kiss, to suck.

[C]uun[c]ucil, adj. Made of mud, or plastered.

[C]ul, n. A foreigner, stranger. p. 131.

[C]unul, v. To make a beginning.

[C]u[c]ucinzah, v. To act mildly and kindly; from [c]u[c], to kiss, to suck.



Transcriber's Note

The following errors were corrected:

Page Error 196 Both footnotes on this page were numbered 1. The second was changed to number 2.

The following misspellings and typographical errors were maintained.

Page Error TN-1 24 terrestial should read terrestrial TN-2 24, fn. 2 Pieces should read Pieces TN-3 25 Numbers 13 to 19 are one higher than they should be TN-4 46, fn. 1 Calepino en Lengua Cakchiquel por Fray Francisco de Varea should read Calepino en Lengua Cakchiquel por Fray Francisco de Varea TN-5 53 40th year should read 40th year. TN-6 54, fn. 1 anos.' should read anos." TN-7 57 batallion should read battalion TN-8 58, fn. 1 Lengva should read Lengua TN-9 67, fn. 1 Nvestra should read Nuestra TN-10 87 (I. II, III.) should read (I, II, III.) TN-11 87 well dressed" should read "well dressed" TN-12 111 p 10 should read p. 10 TN-13 111 cap, XXIX, should read cap. XXIX, TN-14 111 p 12 should read p. 12 TN-15 124 northen should read northern TN-16 128 qui should read que TN-17 128 established himself should read "established himself TN-18 131 MS). should read MS.). TN-19 132 cap. VI), should read cap. VI). TN-20 138 Uac ahau should read Uac ahau. TN-21 142 Lahun ahau, should read Lahun ahau. TN-22 157 Uuc ahau, should read Uuc ahau. TN-23 183 Usumaciuta should read Usumacinta TN-24 190 Abbe Brasseur should read Abbe Brasseur TN-25 198 yahaubiI should read yahaubil TN-26 238 branches should read branches, TN-27 244 miscontrued should read misconstrued TN-28 247 in Yucatan, should read in Yucatan. TN-29 247 MS.) should read MS.). TN-30 252 26. should read 20. TN-31 252 MS.) should read MS.). TN-32 254 Bienvanida should read Bienvenida TN-33 257 MS.) should read MS.). TN-34 257 possibly should read possible TN-35 257 I Kan should read 1 Kan TN-36 258 "Ma c'ubah than should read "Ma c'ubah than" TN-37 261 Ahpul, n should read Ahpul, n. TN-38 261 Alah, v should read Alah, v. TN-39 261 Anante. should read Anante, TN-40 263 fut. e should read fut. e TN-41 263 Cob is out of alphabetical order TN-42 264 wild turkey, should read wild turkey. TN-43 265 adj. should not be italicized TN-44 266 Chahucil or Chuhucil should read Chahucil or Chuhucil TN-45 267 one place should read one place. TN-46 267 ile. should read ile, TN-47 270 minaan should read minaan TN-48 272 fut. e should read fut. e TN-49 277 to y should read to y TN-50 278 Yxma is out of alphabetical order

Inconsistent spelling:

Abbe / Abbe Cuculcan / Cuculcan Pocomams / Pokomams Pocomchis / Pokomchis Puczical / Puczikal

Other inconsistencies:

i.e. / i. e.

Accents on words in foreign languages are inconsistently used.

THE END