From "The Jewish Communal Register of New York City, 1917-1918, [tr. note: no close quote for title in original] we quote as follows:

"In the typical week day school, the number of hours of instruction given to each child varies from 6 1/2 hours in the lowest grade to 9 1/2 hours in the seventh or highest grade. . . . The total teaching staff consists of 615 teachers, of whom about 23 per cent. are women. The salary of teachers ranges from $300 to $1,200 per year. The average salary is $780 annually for 22 hours' work during the week."

The Jews ask for no concession of time from the public school. They seem to have physical and intellectual vigor enabling them to utilize, for the study of religion, hours which Christian children require for rest and recreation.

Lutherans hold that it is the function of the church to provide instruction in religion for its children. What are the Lutherans of New York doing to maintain this thesis? Over 40,000 children of enrolled Lutheran families obtain no instruction in religion except that which is given in the Sunday School and in the belated and abbreviated hours of catechetical instruction.

A movement is now going on in this city and throughout the United States aiming at a restoration of religious education to the functions of the church. For the sake of our children ought we not heartily to cooperate with a movement which so truly represents the principles for which we stand? It will require a considerable addition to the teaching force of our churches. It will mean an expensive reconstruction of our schoolrooms. It will cost money. But it will be worth while.

The Problem of Lapsed Lutherans

There are four hundred thousand lapsed Lutherans in New York, nearly three times as many as enrolled members of the churches.

A lapsed Lutheran is one who was once a member, but for some reason has slipped the cable that connected him with the church. He still claims to be a Lutheran but he is not enrolled as a member of a particular congregation.

Most lapsed Lutherans are of foreign origin. From figures compiled by Dr. Laidlaw (see "Federation," Vol. 6, No. 4), we obtain the number of Protestants of foreign origin, enumerated according to the country of birth of parents, one parent or both. The number of Lutherans we obtain by subtracting from the "Protestants" the estimated number of non-Lutherans. Thus:

Protestants Lutherans Norway .......... 33,344 - 10% = 30,010 Sweden .......... 56,766 - 10% = 51,090 Denmark ......... 11,996 - 10% = 10,797 Finland ......... 10,304 - 10% = 9,274 Germany .........486,252 - 20% = 389,002 Austria-Hungary . 27,680 - 80% = 5,535 Russia* ......... 15,000 - 20% = 12,000 507,708

*Many of the Lutherans who have come to us of late years from Russia, Austro-Hungary and other countries of South Eastern Europe, are the descendants of German Lutherans who in the eighteenth century accepted the invitation of Katharine the Second and Marie Theresia to settle in their dominions. Others are members of various races from the Baltic Provlnces.

That is, the estimated number of Lutherans of foreign origin, counting only the chief countries from which they emigrate to America, is 507,708.

But we also have Lutherans here who are not of foreign origin. Lutherans have lived in New York from the beginning of its history. Its first houses were built by Heinrich Christiansen, who certainly had a Lutheran name. The Lutherans of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it is true, left no descendants to be enrolled in our church books. These are to be found in goodly numbers in the Protestant Episcopal and other churches where they occupy the seats of the mighty. It is too late to get them back.

But in the nineteenth century we collected new congregations. There are many Lutherans whose grandparents at least were born in New York. Besides, there has been a large influx from the Hudson and Mohawk valleys, from Pennsylvania, Ohio, the South and the West. A moderate estimate of these immigrants from the country and of those who under the grandfather clause claim to be unhyphenated Americans, members or non-members of our churches, is 40,000.

Add to these the Lutherans of foreign origin and we have in round numbers a Lutheran population of more than 547,000 souls.

Turning now to the statistical tables in the Appendix we find that the number of souls reported in our churches is 140,957. Subtract these from the total Lutheran population and we have a deficit of over 400,000 souls, lapsed Lutherans, the subject of the present chapter. Quod erat demonstrandum. While this is a large number, it is a moderate estimate. An addition of 20 per cent. would not be excessive.

How shall we account for this deficit?

Of the Americans a large number are the children of our New York churches, the product of our superficial catechetical system. No study of the subject is complete that does not take account of this serious defect. No cure will be effective until we have learned to take better care of our children.

Native Americans from the country, members of Lutheran churches in their former homes, have no excuse if they do not find a Lutheran church when they come to New York. In years gone by English churches were scarce, but now they are to be found in every part of the city. In part at least, the home pastors are responsible. When their people remove to New York they ought to be supplied with letters, and the New York pastors should be notified. In fifty years I have not received twenty-five letters from my country brethren asking me to look after their wandering sheep.

For the foreign Lutherans who have failed to comnect with the church, three reasons may be given: 1. Ignorance. Not ignorance in general, but ignorance in regard to church conditions in America. They come from National churches where their relation to the church does not require much personal initiative. They belong to the church by virtue of their baptism and confirmation. Their contributions to its maintenance are included in the general tax levy.

Arrived in New York where Church and State are separate, a long time may pass before any one cares for the soul of the immigrant. Our pastors are busy with their routine work and seldom look after the new comers, unless the new comers look after them. The latter soon become reconciled to a situation which accords with the inclinations of the natural man. Ignorance of American church conditions accounts for the slipping away of many of our foreign brethren from the fellowship of the church.

2. Indifference. Many foreigners who come here are merely indifferent to the claims of religion. Others are distinctly hostile toward the church. Most of the Socialistic movements of continental Europe, because of the close association of Church and State, fail to discriminate between their respective ideas. Thy condemn the former for the sins of the latter.

3. Infidelity. A materialistic philosophy has undermined the Christian conception of life and the world, and multitudes of those who were nominally connected with the church have long since repudiated the teachings of Christianity.

It is a tremendous problem that confronts us, the evangelization of four hundred thousand Lutherans. If for no other reason, because of its magnitude and because of its appeal to our denominational responsibility, it is a problem worth solving. But it is a challenge to our Christianity and it should stimulate us to an intense study of its possible solution.

Ministers can contribute much toward its solution. It is true our hands are full and more than full with the ordinary care of our flocks. But our office constantly brings us into association with this large outer fringe of our congregations at times when their hearts are responsive to anything that we may have to say. We meet them at weddings and at funerals. We baptize their children and we bury their dead. Once in a while some of them even come to church. In spite of all their wanderings and intellectual idiosyncrasies they still claim to be Christians. And whatever their own attitude toward Christianity may be, there are few who do not desire to have their children brought up in the Christian faith. We have before us an open door.

The churches can do more than they are doing now to win these lapsed Lutherans. Some people are kept out of church through no fault of their own. For example, the rented pew system, still in vogue in some congregations, is an effective means of barring out visitors. Few care to force themselves into the precincts of a private club even if it bears the name of a church.

A pecuniary method of effecting friendly relations is not without its merits. In this city of frequent removals there are many families who have lost all connection with the congregation to which they claim to belong. An opportunity to contribute to the church of their new neighborhood might be for them a secondary means of grace. They become as it were proselytes of the gate. Having taken the first step, many may again enter into full communion with the church.

A Lutheran church, however, does not forget the warning of the prophet: "They have healed the hurt of my daughter slightly." The evangelization of this great army of lapsed Lutherans is not to be accomplished by such a simple expedient as taking up a collection. What most of them need is a return to the faith. Somebody must guide them.

For this no societies or new ecclesiastical machinery will be required. The force to do this work is already enlisted in the communicant membership of our one hundred and fifty organized congregations. We have approximately 60,000 communicants. These are our under-shepherds whose business it is to aid the pastor in searching for "the lost sheep of the house of Israel." Shall we not have a concerted effort on the part of all the churches?

We may certainly win back again into our communion many of whom the Good Shepherd was speaking when He said: "them also I must bring and they shall hear my voice, and they shall become one flock, one shepherd."

To accomplish such a task, however, an orderly system must be adopted.

When our Lord fed the five thousand, He first commanded them to sit down by companies. "And they sat down in ranks, by hundreds and by fifties." These 400,000 souls may first of all be grouped in families. Let us say 90,000 families. These are scattered all over the greater city, most of them in close proximity to some one of our 150 churches. To each church may be given an average assignment of 600 families.

The average number of communicants in each of our churches is nearly 400. Some churches have less, others more. To an average company of 400 communicants is committed the task of evangelizing 600 families, not aliens or strangers, but members of our own household of faith, people who in many eases will heartily welcome the invitation. Some of these 400 potential evangelists will beg to be excused. Let us make a selective draft of 300 to do the work. The task required of each member of this army is to visit two families.

Whatever else may be said of such a computation it certainly does not present an insuperable task. It can be done in one year, in one month, in one week, in one day.

Without presuming to insist upon a particular method of solving this problem, is it not incumbent upon the Lutheran churches of New York to face it with the determination to accomplish an extraordinary work if need be in an extraordinary manner? "The kingdom of heaven suffereth violence and the violent take it by force."

Seventy years ago a great company of Christian men met in the old Luther town of Wittenberg to consider the needs of the Fatherland. It was the year of the Revolution. It was a time of political confusion and of desperate spiritual need. It was then that Wichern, in an address of impassioned eloquence, pointed the way toward the mobilization of all Christians in a campaign of spiritual service.

He was directed to prepare the program. It appeared in 1849 under the title "Die Innere Mission."

It was a clarion call to personal service and it met with an immediate and remarkable response. The movement marked an epoch in the history of the church.

Because the Inner Mission lends itself in a peculiar way to works of charity it is often regarded as synonymous with the care of the helpless and afflicted. In this use of the term we lose sight of the larger meaning and scope of the work which has made it one of the great religious forces of the nineteenth century. It should therefore be more accurately described as that movement of the nineteenth century which, recognizing the alienation of multitudes within the church from the Christian faith and life appeals [sic] to all disciples of Christ by all means to carry the Gospel to men of all classes who have strayed away and to gather them into the communion and confession of the church. It is a mission within the church and hence bears the name of Inner Mission.

Such a call comes to us at a time when we are confronted with a problem which almost staggers the imagination and when we are offered an opportunity such as no other Protestant church enjoys.

The Problem of Statistics

The word statistics, according to the Century Dictionary, refers not merely to a collection of numbers, but it comprehends also "all those topics of inquiry which interest the statesman." The dignity thus given to the subject is enhanced by a secondary definition which calls it "the science of human society, so far as deduced from enumerations."

No branch of human activity can be studied in our day without the use of statistics. Statesmen and sociologists make a careful study of figures before they attempt to formulate laws or policies.

For church statistics we are chiefly dependent upon the tables of the Synodical Minutes. The original source of our information is the pastor's report of his particular congregation. Unfortunately the value of these tables is greatly impaired by the absence of a common standard of membership.

The New York Ministerium has no column for "communicant" members. There is a column for "contributing" members, but these do not necessarily mean communicants. Among the records of Ministerial Acts, such as marriages and funerals, there is also a column for "Kommuniziert." But even if the Holy Communion were to be classed among Ministerial Acts, it sometimes happens that others besides members partake of the communion. The term "Kommuniziert" therefore does not convey definite information on the subject of communicant membership. For example, a congregation with 160 "contributing members" reports 770 "Kommuniziert." It is hardly conceivable that out of 770 communicant members only 160 are contributing members and that 610 communicants are non-contributors. Otherwise there would seem to be room for improvement in another direction besides statistics.

The New York Ministerium also has no column for "souls," that is, for all baptized persons, including children, connected with the congregation. There are also many blanks, and many figures that look like "round numbers." For thirty years I have tried in vain to comprehend its statistics. Hinc illae lacrymae.

The Missouri Synod has three membership rubrics: souls, communicant members, voting members. When however, a congregation of 900 communicants reports only 80 voting members, one wonders whether some of the 820 non-voters ought not be admitted to the right of suffrage. The congregational system favors democracy. It should be remembered also that the laws of the State define the right to vote at a church election.

The Synod of New York has three membership rubrics: Communicants, Confirmed, Baptized. The first includes all members who actually commune within a year. The second adds to the communicants all others who are entitled to commune even if they neglect the privilege. The third adds to the preceding class baptized children and all other baptized persons in any way related to the congregation, provided they have not been formally excommunicated.

The Swedish Augustana Synod has three rubrics: Communicants, Children, Total. "Communicants" may or may not be enrolled members of the congregation. This classification therefore is neither comprehensive nor exhaustive and may account in part, for the discrepancy between the number of Lutheran Swedes in New York and the number enrolled in the Swedish Lutheran Churches.

None of the synodical reports take note of "families." Pastors seldom speak of their membership in terms of families. In the book of Jeremiah (31, 1) we are told: "At the same time, saith the Lord, will I be the God of all the families of Israel, and they shall be my people." The captions of the five parts of Luther's Small Catechism proceed upon the assumption of the family as a unit. It is true we are living in an age of disrupted families, but it would seem that some recognition of the family should be made in the statistical tables of the Christian Church, especially when in the families with which we have to do, most of the individuals are baptized members of the church and have not been formally excommunicated. Until, therefore, we agree upon a common standard, our figures will be the despair of the statisticians. A reformation must come. Without it, we shall not be able to formulate needed policies of church extension.

In view of the complicated character of our membership it will not be an easy task to reconstruct our statistical methods. But it is evident that our missionary and evangelistic work will be greatly furthered when we have exact information in regard to our parochial material. Our figures should include every soul, man, woman and child, in any way related to our congregations, classified in such a way as to show clearly in what relation they stand to the church. A church that does not count its members as carefully as a bank counts its dollars is in danger of bankruptcy.

Church bookkeeping ought to be taught in the Theological Seminary. But if the pastor himself is not a good bookkeeper, almost every congregation has young men or young women who are experts in this art, who could render good service to the church by keeping its membership rolls.

Complete records are especially necessary in our great city with its constant removals and changes of population. The individual is like the proverbial needle in the haystack, unless we adopt a method of accounting not only for each family but for each individual down to the latest-born child.* *In order that I may not be as one that beateth the air, I venture to suggest a method of laying the foundation of records that has been helpful in my own work. I send to each family a "Family Register" blank with spaces for the name, birthday and place of birth of each member of the family. The information thus obtained is transferred to a card catalogue in which the additional relation of each individual to the church and its work is noted. In this way, or by means of a loose-leaf record book, available and up-to-date information can easily be kept.

When important records, such as synodical minutes, are printed, several copies at least should be printed on durable paper and deposited in public libraries where they may be consulted by the historian. Ordinary paper is perishable. Within a few years it will crumble to dust. The records might as well be written on sand so far as their value for future historians is concerned.

Congregational histories, pamphlets or bound volumes, jubilee volumes and similar contributions to local church history should be sent to the publlic libraries of the city and of the denominational schools.

In search of recent information the author consulted the card index of the New York Public Library. He found only nine cards relating to Lutheran churches. And yet we wonder why our church is not better known in this city.



EPILOGUE

One seldom finds an epilogue in a book nowadays. Its purpose in the drama was to explain to the audience the meaning of the play. It does not speak well for a writer if the people miss the point of his essay. But it is just like a preacher to say something "in conclusion" to secure, if possible, the hesitating assent of some hearer.

We have reached the 20th century. We are looking back upon 270 years of history on Manhattun Island. What we have done and what we have left undone is recorded in the stereotyped pages of an unchanging past. Our successes and our failures are the chapters from which we may learn lessons for the future. The gates of that future are open to us now.

Where Arensius and Falckner ministered to a feeble flock under inconceivable difficulties, there is built the greatest, certainly the largest, city of the world. From all the races and tongues of the earth men are gathering here to solve the problems of their lives. From Lutheran lands fifty myriads have already come and are living within our walls. Consciously or otherwise they appeal to us, their brethren in the faith, for that religious fellowship for which every man sometimes longs. If we do not respond, who shall interpret for them the religious life and questions of the new world?

From these Lutheran lands, from Scandinavia to the Balkan peninsula, from the Rhine to the Ural Mountains, other myriads will come in the long years that will follow the war. New history is sure to be written for Europe and America. What shall be our contribution to its unwritten pages?

In solving the problems that confront us we shall at the same time help to solve the problems of our city and of our country. The simple faith and the catholic principles of our church should secure far us a wide field of useful and effective service.



APPENDIX

Abbreviations

Synods - Min., Ministerium of New York; Mo., Missouri; N. Y., New York; N. E., New York and New England; Aug., Swedish Augustana; Nor., Norwegian; Fin., National Church of Finland; Pa., Pennsylvania; O.,Ohio; D., Danish; Suo., Suomi (Finnish); U.D., United Danish; Ap., Apostolic (Finnish); NN., National Church of Norway.

Languages - G., German; E., English; S., Swedish; N., Norwegian; F., Finnish; D., Danish; Sl., Slovak, Bohemian and Magyar; Let., Lettish; Est., Esthonian; Pol., Polish; Y,, Yiddish; It., Italian; Lith., Lithuanian.

Heads of Statistical Columns - Lang., Language; Date, Date of Organization; Syn., Synodical connection of congregation or pastor; Comm., Number of communicants; Souls, Number of baptized persons related to the congregation; Syn., Synodical connection of pastor or congregation; P. S., Pupils in Parochial School; S. S., Pupils in Sunday School; W. S., Pupils receiving instruction in religion on weekdays [tr. note: in the table, this column is headed "R.H."]; Prop., Net value of real estate in terms of a thousand dollars.

Signs - * Missions; ( ) Estimated number; — No report or nothing to report.

The Lutheran Churches of New York Manhattan Name and Location Pastor Lang. Org. Syn. Comm. Souls P.S. S.S. R.H. Prop.

1. St. Matthew, 421 W. 145th....... 0. Sieker ........ G. E. 1669 Mo. 500 1,122 126 365 40 (100) 2. St. James, 904 Madison Av....... J. B. Remensnyder. E. 1827 N. Y. 205 (331) ... 80 12 380 3. St. Paul, 313 W. 22nd........... L. Koenig......... G. 1841 Min. 300 (375) ... 75 40 140 4. Trinity, 139 Av. B.............. O. Graesser....... G. 1843 Mo. 525 674 33 41 34 75 5. St. Mark, 327 Sixth St.......... G. C. F. Haas..... G. 1847 Min. 200 (500) ... 55 55 70 6. St. Luke, 233 W. 42nd........... W. Koepchen....... G. E. 1850 Mo. 1,012 (2,000) ... 350 172 340 7. St. John, 81 Christopher........ F. E. Oberlander.. G. E. 1855 N. Y. 350 1,000 ... 333 39 85 8. St. Peter, 54th at Lex. Av...... A. B. Moldenke.... G. E. 1862 Min. 911 3,000 92 556 47 250 9. Immanuel, 88th at Lex. Av....... W. F. Schoenfeld.. G. E. 1863 Mo. 1,500 6,000 85 500 6l 178 10. St. John, 219 E. 119th.......... H. C. Steup....... G. E. 1864 Mo. 750 1,500 115 254 41 40 11. St. Paul, 147 W. 123rd.......... F. H. Bosch....... G. E. 1864 Min. 1,000 1,500 75 500 130 120 12. Gustavus Adolphus, 151 E. 22nd.. M. Stolpe......... S. E. 1865 Aug. 1,015 2,000 ... 250 37 172 13. Holy Trinity, 1 W. 65th......... C. J. Smith....... E. 1868 N. E. 450 (800) ... 150 12 275 14. Christ, 400 E. 19th............. G. U. Wenner...... G. E. 1868 N. Y. 250 817 ... 152 100 65 15. Epiphany, 72 E. 128th........... M. L. Canup....... E. 1880 N. E. 400 700 ... 190 24 39 16. Grace, 123 W. 71st.............. J. A. Weyl........ G. E. 1886 Min. 803 1,000 ... 260 54 80 17. Trinity, 164 W. 100th........... E. Brennecke...... G. E. 1888 Min. 785 2,500 ... 422 112 85 18. Zion, 341 E. 84th............... W. Popcke......... G. E. 1892 N. Y. 1,250 4,807 ... 1,120 124 112 19. Harlem, 32 W. 126th............. A. F. Borgendahl.. S. E. 1894 Aug. 233 336 ... 125 21 10 20. Washington Heights, W. 153rd.... C. B. Rabbow...... G. E. 1895 Min. 700 1,100 55 250 30 75 21. Redeemer, 422 W. 44th........... F. C. G. Schumm... E. 1895 Mo. 260 400 ... 120 22 (20) 22. Our Saviour, 237 E. 123rd....... J. C. Gram........ N. E. 1896 Nor. 210 300 ... 62 5 35 23. Atonement, Edgecombe at 140th... F. H. Knubel...... E. 1896 N. Y. 410 3,500 ... 544 250 125 24. Advent, Broadway at 93rd........ A. Steimle........ E. 1897 N. E. 503 962 88 163 22 218 25. Our Saviour, Audubon at 179th... A. S. Hardy....... E. 1898 N. Y. 106 554 ... 194 24 26 26. Finnish, 72 E.128th............. K. Maekinen....... F. 1903 Fin. 450 2,000 ... 40 25 ... 27. Holy Trinity, 334 E. 20th....... L. A. Engler...... Sl. 1904 - 700 1,000 ... ... 40 45 28. Esthonian, 217 E. 119th......... C. Klemmer........ Est. 1904 Mo. 50 200 ... ... ... ... 29. Polish, 233 W. 42nd............. S. Nicolaiski..... Pol. 1907 Mo. 100 300 ... ... ... ... 30. Messiah, 10th Av. at 207th...... F. W. Hassenflug.. E. G. 1916 Mo. ... 120 ... 65 7 ... 31. Lettish,* 327 Sixth St.......... P. E. Steik....... Let. .... Pa. ... ... ... ... ... ... 32. Italian,* ...................... A. Bongarzone..... It. .... Mo. 10 27 ... 9 ... ... 33. Yiddish,* 250 E. 101st.......... N. Friedmann...... Y. .... Mo. ... ... ... ... ... ... 34. Deaf,* 233 W. 42nd.............. A. Boll........... E. G. .... Mo. 40 60 ... 20 ... ... Totals..... 15,978 41,485 669 7,245 1,580 3,160

Bronx Name and Location Pastor Lang. Org. Syn. Comm. Souls P.S. S.S. R.H. Prop.

1. St. John, 1343 Fulton Av........ T. O. Posselt. ... G. E. 1860 Min. 758 1,800 50 523 69 70 2. St. Matthew, 376 E. 156th....... W. T. Junge....... G. 1862 Min. (200) (500) 46 730 67 37 3. St. Paul, 796 E. 156th.......... G. H. Tappert..... G. E. 1882 Min. 550 2,100 ... 503 103 45 4. St. Peter, 439 E. 140th......... 0. C. Mees........ E. G. 1893 0. 625 1,100 ... 412 64 75 5. St. Stephen, 1001 Union Av...... P. Roesener....... G. 1893 Mo. 280 670 70 200 (20) 42 6. St. Peter, 739 E. 219th......... F. Noeldeke....... G. 1894 Min. 200 400 ... 165 35 10 7. Immanuel, 1410 Vyse Av.......... I. Tharaldsen..... N. 1895 Nor. 50 100 ... 50 (5) 6 8. Bethany, 582 Teasdale Pl........ J. Gruver......... E. 1896 N. Y. 284 612 ... 240 (24) 14 9. St. Luke, 1724 Adams............ W. Rohde.......... G. E. 1898 Min. 346 560 ... 140 32 5 10. St. Paul, LaFontaine at 178th... K. Kretzmann...... E. G. 1898 Mo. 375 811 ... 312 68 20 11. Holy Trinity, 881 E. 167th...... F. Lindemann...... E. 1899 Mo. 197 400 ... 143 (15) 17 12. Emmanuel, Brown Pl. at 137th.... P. M. Young....... E. 1901 N. Y. 205 400 ... 301 27 26 13. Trinity, 1179 Hoe Av............ A. C. Kildegaard.. D. 1901 Dan. 125 250 ... 35 10 15 14. Grace, 239 E. 199th............. A. Koerber........ E. 1904 Mo. 320 550 ... 280 22 25 15. Heiland, 187th & Valentine Av... H. von Hollen..... G. 1905 - 160 250 ... 60 30 ... 16. Concordia, Oak Terrace.......... H. Pottberg....... G. E. 1906 Mo. 260 500 ... 230 45 10 17. Messiah, Brook Av. at 144th..... J. Johnson........ S. 1906 Aug. 155 230 ... 150 (15) 17 18. St. Thomas, Topping at 175th.... A. J. Traver...... E. 1908 N. Y. 200 350 8 250 25 15 19. Holy Comforter, 1060 Woodycrest. J. H. Dudde....... E. 1912 N. Y. 120 500 ... 175 15 5 20. St. Mark, Martha at 242nd....... O. H. Trinklein .. E. 1913 Mo. 104 300 ... 125 5 15 21. St. John, Oak Terrace........... J. Gullans........ S. E. 1913 Aug. 170 251 ... 83 6 2 22. Trinity, 1519 Castle Hill Av.... Paul G. Sander.... E. G. 1913 Mo. 70 225 ... 108 10 3 23. Fordham, 2430 Walton Av......... F. H. Meyer....... E. G. 1915 0. 178 382 ... 145 20 10 Totals..... 5,932 13,241 174 5,360 732 484

Brooklyn Name and Location Pastor Lang. Org. Syn. Comm. Souls P.S. S.S. R.H. Prop.

1. Evangelical, Schermerhorn St.... J. W. Loch........ G. E. 1841 Min. 1,000 2,500 ... 500 80 200 2. S. John, Maujer St.............. A. Beyer.......... G. E. 1844 Mo. 900 2,500 119 400 64 80 3. St. John, New Jersey Av......... C. J. Lucas....... G. E. 1847 Min. 700 1,005 ... 500 56 80 4. St. Paul, Rodney St............. H. C. Wasmund..... G. E. 1853 Min. 1,000 1,500 ... 665 25 150 5. Zion, Henry St.................. E. G. Kraeling.... G. E. 1855 Min. 1,200 2,000 75 250 75 100 6. St. Matthew, Sixth Av. at 3rd .. G. B. Young....... E. 1859 N. Y. 250 1,200 ... 300 25 66 7. St. Matthew, 197 N. 5th......... G. Sommer......... G. E. 1864 N. Y. 600 700 26 158 50 25 8. St. Peter, Bedford Av........... J. J. Heischmann.. G. E. 1864 Min. 2,200 (4,000) 20 1,391 110 100 and J. G. Blaesi 9. Our Saviour, 632 Henry St....... C. S. Everson..... N. 1866 Nor. 305 650 ... 351 18 35 and S. Turmo 10. St. John, Milton St............. F. W. Oswald...... G. E. 1867 Min. 1,200 2,500 ... 475 51 75 11. St. John, 283 Prospect Av....... F. B. Clausen..... G. E. 1868 Min. 1,000 3,000 45 800 (80) 50 12. St. Mark, Bushwick Av........... S. Frey & P. Woy.. G. E. 1868 Mo. 1,200 2,500 125 550 67 140 13. St. Luke, Washington n. De Kalb. W. A. Snyder...... G. E. 1869 Min. 700 1,000 ... 330 30 125 14. St. Paul, Henry n. Third Pl..... J. Huppenbauer.... G. 1872 Min. 400 800 ... 175 (20) 30 15. Bethlehem, 3rd Av. & Pacific ... F. Jacobson ...... S. 1874 Aug. 883 1,496 42 600 (60) 121 16. Immanuel, 179 S. 9th............ J. Holthusen...... G. E. 1875 Mo. 860 1,900 50 210 80 80 17. Wartburg, Georgia n. Fulton..... O. Hanser......... G. E. 1875 Mo. 80 80 ... ... ... 5 18. Our Saviour, 193 Ninth ......... R. Andersen ...... D. 1878 D. 200 (300) ... 40 (5) 18 19. Seamen's,* 111 Pioneer ......... J. Ekeland........ Nor. 1879 N. N. ... ... ... ... ... 30 20. St. Matthew, Canarsie........... T. A. Petersen.... G. E. 1880 Mo. 180 315 ... 80 30 16 21. Emmanuel, 417 Seventh........... E. Roth........... G. E. 1884 Min. 750 1,000 ... 500 40 61 22. Trinity, 249 Degraw............. G. F. Schmidt..... G. E. 1886 Mo. 385 729 ... 257 24 28 23. St. Paul, Knickerbocker Av...... J. P. Riedel...... G. E. 1887 Mo. 650 2,000 ... 450 60 (40) 24. Finnish, 529 Clinton............ K. Maekinen....... F. 1887 Fin. 240 240 ... ... ... 25 25. Zion, Bedford Av................ P. F. Jubelt...... G. 1887 Min. 300 500 ... 200 ... 30 26. Bethlehem, Marion............... W. Kandelhart .... G. E. 1888 Min. 700 (1,200) 60 400 60 28 27. St. James, 4th Av. n. 54th...... H. C. A. Meyer.... G. E. 1889 Min. 650 2,000 ... 500 75 50 28. St. Paul, 392 McDonough......... J. Eastlund....... S. 1889 Aug. 346 442 ... 182 (18) 36 29. St. John, 84th at 16th Av....... L. Happ........... G. 1890 Min. (400) (500) ... 375 (38) 40 30. Trinity, 4th Av. at 46th........ S. O. Sigmond..... N. 1890 Nor. 400 5,000 ... 1,000 100 50 31. Finnish, 752 44th............... S. Ilmonen........ F. E. 1890 Suo. 150 300 ... 135 135 16 32. Immanuel, 521 Leonard .......... J. E. Nelson ..... S. E. 1894 Aug. 175 350 35 105 105 16 33. Scandinavian, 150 Russell....... E. Risty.......... E. N. 1894 Nor. 112 175 ... 70 15 6 34. Redeemer, Lenox Road............ S. G. Weiskotten.. E. 1894 N. E. 400 600 ... 225 (23) 70 35. Christ, 1084 Lafayette Av....... C. B. Schuchard... E. 1895 N. E. 550 1,000 ... 425 45 25 36. Salem, 128 Prospect Av.......... J. J. Kildsig..... D. 1896 U. D. 97 400 26 85 20 10 37. St. Peter, 94 Hale Av........... A. Brunn.......... E. G. 1897 Mo. 503 973 ... 378 39 19 38. Zion, 1068 59th................. J. D. Danielson... S. 1897 Aug. 150 400 ... 160 16 10 39. Calvary, 788 Herkimer........... 0. L. Yerger ..... E. 1898 N. Y. 97 235 ... 200 (20) 15 40. Reformation, Barbey n. Arl'tn... J. C. Fisher...... E. 1898 N. E. 500 1,000 ... 450 (40) 30 41. St. Stephen, Newkirk Av......... L. D. Gable ...... E. 1898 N. E. 503 3,800 ... 975 41 35 42. Messiah, 129 Russell ........... J. H. Worth ...... E. 1899 N. E. 438 900 ... 563 40 25 43. Our Saviour, 21 Covert ......... A. R. G. Hanser... E. 1901 Mo. 450 900 ... 360 74 20 44. Incarnation, 4th Av. at 54th.... H. S. Miller ..... E. 1901 N. E. 275 400 ... 290 26 20 45. Grace, Bushwick Av.............. C. F. Intemann.... E. 1902 N. E. 425 525 ... 325 20 45 46. Bethesda, 22 Woodhull........... J. C. Herre....... N. E. 1902 Nor. 120 300 ... 93 (10) 40 47. Bethlehem, 51st & 6th Av........ F. W. Schuermann.. G. E. 1903 Mo. 180 330 ... 160 22 7 48. Salem, 414 46th................. J. A. Anderson ... S. E. 1904 Aug. 320 2,500 ... 500 36 15 49. St. Andrew, St. Nicholas Av..... .................. E. 1906 N. E. 374 1,000 ... 867 60 10 50. Good Shepherd, 4th Av. at 75th.. C. D. Trexler..... E. 1906 N. E. 525 1,200 ... 700 36 30 51. St. Paul, Coney Island.......... J. F. W. Kitzmeyer E. G. 1907 N. Y. 242 850 ... 248 (25) 18 52. St. John, 145 Skillman Av....... G. Matzat......... Lith. 1907 Mo. 73 103 17 17 (5) 5 53. Ascension, 13th Av. & 51st...... C. P. Jensen...... E. 1907 N. E. 61 100 ... 105 7 7 54. Epiphany, 831 Sterling Pl....... W. H. Stutts...... E. 1908 N. Y. 150 388 ... 201 24 21 55. Zion, 4th Av. at 63rd........... L. Larsen......... N. E. 1908 Nor. 400 3,000 ... 650 75 15 56. St. Mark, 26 E. 5th............. W. Hudaff......... E. G. 1908 Min. 150 250 ... 125 (13) 6 57. Advent, Av. P. & E. 12th........ A. F. Walz........ E. G. 1909 N. Y. 143 400 ... 230 12 10 58. Good Shepherd, 315 Fenimore..... G. Hagemann....... E. 1909 Mo. 100 300 ... 133 12 4 59. Saron, East New York............ J. Eastlund ...... S. 1909 Aug. 30 55 ... 32 (5) 6 60. Bethany, 12th Av. at 60th....... C. O. Pedersen.... N. E. 1912 Nor. 150 275 ... 125 125 8 61. Redeemer, 991 Eastern Pky....... E. J. Flanders.... E. 1912 N. Y. 80 200 ... 150 12 20 62. Mediator, Bay Pky. at 68th...... H. Wacker......... E. 1912 N. E. 65 160 ... 130 7 7 63. St. John, 44th n. 8th Av........ J. Gullans........ S. 1913 Aug. 200 298 ... 110 8 3 64. St. Philip, 287 Magenta......... A. Wuerstlin...... E. 1913 N. Y. 40 175 ... 130 8 4 65. Mission to Deaf,* 177 S. 9th.... A. Boll........... E. G. 1913 Mo. ... ... ... ... ... ... 66. Trinity,* Coney Island.......... G. Koenig......... ... 1913 Mo. ... ... ... ... ... ... 67. Immanuel,* 1524 Bergen.......... W. O. Hill........ ... 1913 Mo. ... ... ... ... ... ... 68. Holy Trinity, Jefferson Av...... C. H. Dort........ E. 1914 N. Y. 90 297 ... 163 15 ... 69. Trinity,* Erie Basin............ G. Koenig......... ... 1915 Mo. ... ... ... ... ... ... 70. Finnish, 844 42nd............... E. Aho............ F. .... Ap. ... ... ... ... ... ... Totals..... 27,997 67,696 670 21,254 2,517 2,532

Queens Name and Location Pastor Lang. Org. Syn. Comm. Souls P.S. S.S. R.H. Prop.

1. St. John, College Point......... A. Halfmann....... G. 1857 Mo. 360 500 ... 400 ... 40 2. Trinity, Middle Village ........ D. W. Peterson.... G. E. 1863 Min. 600 1,000 11 700 62 68 3. St. James, Winfield............. F. E. Tilly....... G. 1867 Mo. 310 729 10 385 ... 25 4. Christ, Woodhaven............... H. E. Meyer....... G. 1880 Min. 350 1,000 ... 400 20 30 5. Emanuel, Corona ................ E. G. Holls....... G. 1887 Mo. 250 500 ... 200 ... 3 6. Trinity, Long Island City....... C. Merkel......... E. G. 1890 Mo. 500 1,000 ... 550 105 40 7. Salem, Long Island City ........ H. L. Wilson...... S. 1893 Aug. 89 134 11 50 ... 6 8. St. John, Flushing ............. G. Kaestner....... G. 1893 Mo. 171 250 ... 70 10 10 9. Immanuel, Whitestone............ H. C. Wolk........ E. G. 1895 Mo. 180 375 ... 108 20 15 10. Christ, Woodside................ H. Bunke.......... G. 1896 Mo. 144 450 ... 90 18 ... 11. Trinity, Maspeth................ W. H. Pretzsch.... G. 1899 Min. 500 1,000 ... 500 35 10 12. Emmaus, Ridgewood............... T. S. Frey........ G. E. 1900 Mo. 582 1,104 ... 305 30 7 13. St. Paul, Richmond Hill......... P. B. Frey........ G. 1902 Mo. 325 650 30 235 ... 12 14. St. John. Richmond Hill......... A. L. Benner ..... E. 1903 N. E. 390 1,000 ... 465 40 26 15. St. Luke, Woodhaven............. E. R. Jaxheimer... E. 1908 N. E. 350 1,200 ... 550 103 18 16. Holy Trinity, Hollis............ A. L. Dillenbeck.. E. 1908 N. Y. 85 150 ... 96 6 6 17. St. Mark, Jamaica .............. W. C. Nolte....... G. E. 1909 N. Y. 156 272 ... 197 19 8 18. Redeemer, Glendale.............. T. O. Kuehn....... G. E. 1909 Mo. 260 600 ... 300 37 9 19. Covenant, 2402 Catalpa ......... G. U. Preuss...... E. 1909 N. E. 400 1,179 ... 679 48 ... 20. St. John, E. Williamsburg....... 0. Graesser, Jr... G. E. 1910 Mo. 50 130 ... 60 3 1 21. Good Shepherd, S. Ozone Park.... C. H. Thomsen..... E. 1911 N. Y. 85 568 ... 224 9 10 22. Christ, Rosedale................ G. L. Kieffer..... E. 1913 N. Y. 47 200 ... 41 21 10 23. St. Paul, Richmond Hill......... C. G. Toebke...... E. 1914 N. E. 100 250 ... 185 15 1 24. Chapel,* Bayside................ F. J. Muehlhaeuser E. 1915 Mo. 25 80 ... 55 4 ... 25. Chapel,* Port Washington........ F. J. Muehlhaeuser E. 1915 Mo. ... 35 ... ... ... ... 26. St. Andrew,* Glen Morris........ .................. E. 1915 N. Y. 15 30 ... 40 ... 15 27. Mission,* Elmhurst.............. E. G. Holls....... G. .... Mo. ... ... ... ... ... ... 28. Grace,* Queens.................. C. Romoser........ E. .... Mo. ... ... ... ... ... ... 29. Gustavus Adolphus, Rich. Hill... .................. S. .... Aug. 10 29 ... 12 ... ... Totals..... 6,634 14,415 62 6,897 635 370

Richmond Name and Location Pastor Lang. Org. Syn. Comm. Souls P.S. S.S. R.H. Prop.

1. St. John, Port Richmond......... John C. Borth..... G. E. 1852 Mo. 400 700 ... 175 35 32 2. Evangelical, Stapleton.......... Frederic Sutter... G. E. 1856 Min. 750 2,000 ... 560 (56) 95 3. Zion, Port Richmond............. R. O. Sigmond..... N. 1893 Nor. 160 280 ... 200 (20) 12 4. Our Saviour, Port Richmond...... S. R. Christensen. N. 1893 Nor. 175 283 ... 100 30 5 5. St. Paul, West New Brighton..... Wm. Euchler....... G. E. 1899 Min. 116 (200) 21 70 (7) 17 6. Wasa, Port Richmond............. L. F. Nordstrom... S. 1905 Aug. 75 (120) ... 41 (5) 7 7. German, Tompkinsville........... A. Krause......... G. 1907 Min. 90 (150) 16 50 (5) ... 8. Scandinavian, New Brighton ..... J. C. Hougum...... N. 1908 Nor. 70 (150) ... 45 (9) 7 9. Immanuel, New Springville....... H. A Meyer........ G. E. 1911 Min. 58 (100) ... 36 75 6 10. St. Matthew, Dongan Hills....... Hugo H. Burgdorf.. E. G. 1915 Mo. 54 (137) ... 73 5 1 Totals..... 1,948 4,120 37 1,350 247 182

Recapitulation Boroughs Comm. Souls P.S. S.S. R.H. Prop.

Manhattan......15,978 41,485 669 7,245 1,580 3,160 Bronx...........5,932 13,241 174 5,360 732 484 Brooklyn.......27,997 67,696 670 21,254 2,517 2,532 Queens .........6,334 14,415 62 6,897 635 370 Richmond....... 1,948 4,120 37 1,350 247 182 Total..........58,494 140,597 1,612 42,106 5,711 6,728

Deaconesses

Manhattan Christ Church: Sister Regena Bowe, Sister Maude Hafner. Atonement: Sister Jennie Christ. St. Paul, Harlem: Sister Rose Dittrich. St. John, Christopher Street: Sister Louise Moeller.

Brooklyn St. Matthew: Sister Clara Smyre. Zion, Norwegian: Sister Marie Olsen. Trinity, Norwegian: Sister Ingeborg Neff.

Former Pastors [tr. note: the numbers in this section correlate to the numbers of the congregations in the statistical section, but are not consecutive in the original]

Manhattan

1. St. Matthew: (Since 1807) F. W. Geissenhainer, Sr., F. C. Schaeffer, C. F. E. Stohlmann, George Vorberg, Justus Ruperti, J. H. Sieker, Martin Walker, Otto Ungemach.

2. St. James: F. C. Schaeffer, W. D. Strobel, Charles Martin, J. L. Schock, A. C. Wedekind, S. A. Ort.

3. St. Paul: F. W. Geissenhainer, Jr., C. Hennicke.

4. Trinity: Theodor Brohm, F. W. Foehlinger, F. Koenig.

5. St. Mark: A. H. M. Held, H. Raegener.

6. St. Luke: Wm. Drees, Wm. Buettner, Wm. Busse.

7. St. John: A. H. M. Held, A. C. Wedekind, J. J. Young.

8. St. Peter: C. Hennicke, E. F. Moldenke.

9. Immanuel: J. C. Renz, L. Halfmann.

10. St. John: F. T. Koerner, L. A. C. Detzer, H. W. Diederich, W. F. Seeger.

11. St. Paul: Julius Ehrhart, G. H. Tappert, J. A. W. Haas.

12. Gustavus Adolphus: Axel Waetter, Johann Princell, Emil Lindberg.

13. Holy Trinity: G. F. Krotel, C. Armand Miller.

14. Epiphany: D. H. Geissinger, F. F. Buermeyer, J. W. Knapp, F. C. Clausen.

15. Grace: J. Miller, J. Gruepp, J. A. W. Haas.

16. Trinity: C. R. Tappert.

17. Zion: H. Hebler.

18. Washington Heights: E. A. Tappert.

19. Our Saviour: C. Hovde, P. A. Dietrichson, J. G. Nilson, K. Kvamme.

20. Redeemer: W. F. Schoenfeld, W. Dallmann.

21. Advent: G. F. Krotel, W. M. Horn.

22. Our Saviour: W. H. Feldmann.

23. Finnish: M. Kiyi, J. Haakana.

24. Esthonian: H. Rebane.

25. Polish: C. Mikulski, F. Sattelmeier.

Bronx

4. St. Peter: H. Richter, H. A. Steininger.

6. St. Peter: H. Reumann, O. Rappolt.

8. Bethany: J. F. W. Kitzmeyer, W. Freas.

9. St. Luke: W. Eickmann.

10. St. Paul: J. Heck, G. Bohm, O. H. Restin, W. Proehl.

12. Emmanuel: A. A. King, F. Christ.

13. Trinity: A. V. Andersen.

14. Grace: J. Schiller.

18. St. Thomas: F. J. Baum.

19. Holy Comforter: H. F. Muller.

22. Trinity: O. H. Trinklein.

Brooklyn

1. Evangelical: F. T. Winkelmann, Ludwig Mueller, Hermann Garlichs, Johannes Bank, Carl F. Haussmann, Theo. H. Dresel.

4. St. Paul: E. H. Buehre, E. J. Schlueter, August Schmidt, A. Schubert, H. Hennicke, F. T. Koerner, H. D. Wrage, George F. Behringer, H. B. Strodach, Hugo W. Hoffmann.

5. Zion: F. W. T. Steimle, Chr. Hennicke.

6. St. Matthew: William Hull, Edward J. Koons, Isaac K. Funk, A. S. Hartman, J. Ilgen Burrell, M. W. Hamma, J. C. Zimmerman, J. A. Singmaster, T. T. Everett, W. E. Main, A. H. Studebaker.

7. St. Matthaeus: A. Schubert, H. Helfer, G. H. Vosseler.

9. St. Peter: A. Schubert, Philip Zapf, Robert C. Beer, Carl Goehling.

10. St. John: O. E. Kaselitz, Theo. Heischmann.

12. St. Mark: J. F. Flath, G. A. Schmidt, A. E. Frey, J. Frey.

13. St. Luke: J. H. Baden, Wm. Ludwig, C. B. Schuchard.

14. St. Paul: Robert Neumann.

16. Immanuel: F. T. Koerner.

17. Wartburg Chapel: F. W. Richmann, C. A. Graeber, C. H. Loeber, B. Herbst.

19. Norwegian Seamen's Mission: O. Asperheim, A. Mortensen, C. B. Hansteen, Kristen K. Saarheim, Jakob K. Bo, Tycho Castberg.

20. St. Matthew: Kuefer, Comby, Steinhauer, Wagner, Graepp, Abele, Frey, Wuerstlin, Geist, Fritz.

22. Trinity: George Koenig, John Holthusen, Paul Lindemann.

23. St. Paul: H. C. Luehr, Theo. Gross.

25. Bethlehem: Theodor Heischmann.

26. Zion: E. Kraeling, J. Kirsch.

27. St. James: C. F. Dies.

30. Trinity: M. H. Hegge, J. Tanner, P. R. Syrdal, O. E. Eide.

31. Finnish: N. Korhonen.

32. Immanuel: G. Nelsenius, J. O. Cornell.

33. Scandinavian: M. C. Tufts, A. Dietrichson, J. J. Nilson, K. Kvamme, G. J. Breivik, T. K. Thorvilden, Doeving, Risty.

35. Christ: H. S. Knabenschuh.

36. Salem: L. H. Kjaer, T. Beck, N. H. Nyrop.

37. St. Peter: Emil Isler, R. Herbst, V. Geist.

38. Zion: J. G. Danielson, J. C. Westlund, G. Anderson.

39. Calvary: H. E. Clare, W. H. Hetrick, E. T. Hoshour, E. J. Flanders, G. Blessin.

40. Reformation: H. P. Miller.

42. Messiah: S. G. Trexler, E. A. Trabert.

43. Our Saviour: J. H. C. Fritz.

44. Incarnation: W. H. Steinbicker, G. J. Miller.

47. Bethlehem: P. Lindemann, A. Halfmann, W. Arndt.

48. Salem: J. G. Danielson, G. Nelsenius.

53. Ascension: J. H. Strenge, E. W. Schaefer, W. H. Steinbicker, E. F. Stuckert, C. P. Jensen.

55. Zion: J. Ellertsen.

57. Advent: E. E. Hoshour, H. M. Schroeder.

58. Good Shepherd: R. Baehre.

52. Mediator: M. E. Walz.

54. St. Philip: Carl Zinssmeister.

Queens

2. Middle Village: Schnurrer, F. W. Ernst, T. Koerner, G. A. W. Quern.

4. Woodhaven: H. S. Kuever, W. P. Krope, Th. Heischmann, P. Kabis, G. A. Baetz.

5. Corona: J. H. Berkemeier, E. Brennecke, A. E. Schmitthenner, E. Zwinger, F. Ruge, H. Eyme, C. Boehner, F. G. Wyneken.

6. Long Island City: W. Schoenfeld, Ad. Sieker.

8. Flushing: A. E. Schmitthenner, R. J. W. Mekler, J, Rathke.

9. Whitestone: F. Kroencke, G. Thomas, H. F. Bunke, W. Koenig, Theo. Kuhn.

10. Woodside: A. H. Winter, M. T. Holls.

11. Maspeth : August Wuerstlin.

12. Ridgewood : Wm. Pretzsch, P. B. Frey, Arthur Brunn.

16. Woodhaven : E. J. Keuhling.

18. Jamaica: Wm. Popcke, Max Hering.

19. Glendale : John Baur.

17. Hollis: H. M. Schroeder, Carl Yettru, Stephen Traver.

21. South Ozone Park: P. J. Alberthus, J. B. Lau.

20. Catalpa Avenue: G. C. Loos, E. Trafford, J. H. Stelljes.

22. Maspeth: A. H. Meili.

24. Rosedale: W. A. Sadtler.

25. Dunton : Wm. Steinbicker.

Richmond

1. Port Richmond: F. Boehling, H. Roell, C. Hennicke, H. Goehling, M. Tirmenstein, J. E. Gottlieb, E. F. T. Frincke, J. P. Schoener, H. Schroeder.

2. Stapleton: C. Hennicke, C. Goehling, R. C. Beer, E. Hering, A. Kuehne, A. Krause.

3. Port Richmond: H. E. Rue, J. Tolefsen, O. Silseth, O. E. Eide, V. E. Boe.

Sons of the Churches Who Have Entered the Lutheran Ministry [tr. note: the numbers in this section correlate to the numbers of the congregations in the statistical section, but are not consecutive in the original]

Manhattan

1. St. Matthew: Otto Sieker, Adolf Sieker, Henry Sieker, Christian Boehning, F. W. Oswald, John Timm, Theophilus Krug, Frederick Sacks, John Albohm, H. S. Knabenschuh, Wegner, Wm. Schmidt, Ed. Fischer, Wm. Fischer, R. Heintze.

2. St. James: Edmund Belfour, D.D.

4. Trinity: H. Birkner, F. Koenig, G. Koenig, F. T. Koerner, A. Kirchhoefer, H. Koenig, H. Voltz, E. Nauss, O. Graesser, C. Hassold, A. Poppe.

5. St. Mark: J. Schultz, H. C. Meyer, E. Meyer.

6. St. Luke: J. Timm, W. Krumwiede.

7. St. John: E. E. Neudewitz, F. H. Knubel, W. H. Feldmann, J. H. Meyer, P. M. Young.

8. St. Peter: H. Kuever, A. Stuckert, F. Hoffman, C. E. Moldenke, A. B. Moldenke.

9. Immanuel: A. Menkens, F. Loose, J. Loose, H. C. Steinhoff, H. Pottberg, H. Zoller, J. Biehusen, H. Beckmann, E. Beckmann, P. Heckel, A. Halfmann, J. C. Boschen, P. Woy, H. Hamann.

10. St. John: A. G. Steup, B. Weinlader, G. C. Kaestner, H. F. Bunke, M. L. Steup, F. J. Boehling, H. Wehrenberg, P. G. Steup, R. B. Steup, H. Tietjen.

11. St. Paul: H. D. Wacker.

14. Christ: C. E. Weltner, D.D., J. H. Dudde.

21. Redeemer: R. C. Ressmeyer, W. Becker.

22. Our Saviour: H. Gudmundsen, O. Brevik.

Bronx

10. St. Paul: H. W. Siebern.

Brooklyn

3. St. John: O. Werner.

4. St. Paul: J. Koop, H. B. Krusa.

5. Zion: Goedel, A. Steimle, D.D., C. Intemann, O. Mikkelson, E. Kraeling, Ph.D., H. Kropp.

6. St. Matthew: J. Arnold.

7. St. Matthew: F. Bastel.

8. St. Peter: C. B. Rabbow, F. H. Bosch, F. A. Ravendam, B. Mehrtens.

10. St. John: J. H. Stelljes.

13. St. Luke: E. W. Hammer.

15. Bethlehem: F. N. Swanberg, N. Ebb, A. Ebb, O. Ebb, B. J. Hattin, P. Froeberg, O. N. Olsen, O. Eckhardt.

19. Seamans: O. Amdalsrud, S. Folkestad, J. Skagen, N. Nielsen.

22. Trinity: H. Hamann, P. Seidler, G. C. Koenig.

23. St. Paul: G. Steinert, W. C. Schrader.

27. St. James; H. A. Meyer, G. J. Schorling.

30. Trinity: J. J. Tadum, A. Nilsen, S. O. Sande, C. Munson, M. Brekke, N. Fedde.

34. Redeemer: C. Toebke.

35. Christ: C. H. Dort.

40. Reformation: P. Rudh.

Queens

2. Trinity: A. E. Schmitthenner, F. Sutter.

6. Trinity: H. H. Koppelmann, Wm. Knoke, G. Hageman.

11. Trinity: L. Hause.

12. Emmaus: C. Werberig.

Richmond

2. Evangelical: P. E. Weber.

3. Zion: S. Saude, J. Frohlen, O. Alfsen, A. Stansland.

Institutions and Societies

Colleges

Concordia, 1881, Bronxville. Faculty: Professors Heintze, Heinrichsmeyer, Feth, Stein, Schwoy and Romoser.

Wagner Memorial, 1883, Grymes Hill, Stapleton, Staten Island. Director: Rev. A. H. Holthusen.

Upsala, 1893, Kenilworth, N. J. Director: Rev. Peter Froeberg, B.D.

Orphans' Homes

Wartburg Farm School, 1864, Mount Vernon.

Bethlehem, 1886, Fort Wadsworth, Staten Island.

Children's Home, 1915, Brooklyn, 45 Third Place.

Homes for the Aged

Wartburg, 1875, Brooklyn, 2598 Fulton Avenue.

Maria Louise Memorial, 1898, Mount Vernon.

Marien-Heim, 1898, Brooklyn, 18th Avenue at 64th Street.

Old People's Home (Norwegian), 112 Pulaski Street.

Swedish Augustana, 1907, Brooklyn, 1680 Sixtieth Street.

Deaconess Motherhouse

Norwegian, 1880, Brooklyn, Fourth Ave. at 46th Street.

Hospitals and Relief Work

Norwegian, 1880, Brooklyn, Fourth Ave. at 46th Street.

Lutheran, 1881, Brooklyn, East New York Ave. at Junius St.

Lutheran of Manhattan, 1911, Convent Ave. at 144th Street.

Lutheran Hospital Association: Twenty congregations of the Missouri Synod are represented in this Association.

Inner Mission Society, 2040 Fifth Avenue. Missionary: Rev. Ferdinand F. Buermeyer, D.D.

Inner Mission and Rescue Work, 56 Pine Street, Manhattan. Rev. V. A. M. Mortensen.

Association for the Relief of Indigent Germans on Blackwell's Island.

German Home for Recreation of Women and Children, 1895, Brooklyn, Harway Avenue, Gravesend Beach.

Immigrant and Seamen's Missions

Norwegian, 1867, Manhattan, 45 Whitehall St. Pastor Petersen.

Emigrant House, 1869, Manhattan, 147 West Twenty-third Street. Pastor Haas.

Danish Mission, 1878, Brooklyn, 197 Ninth Street. Pastor Anderson.

Norwegian Seamen, 1879, Brooklyn, 115 Pioneer St. Pastor Ekeland.

Finnish Mission, 1887, Brooklyn, 197 Ninth Street. Pastor Maekinen.

Seamen's Mission, 1907, Hoboken, 64 Hudson Street. Pastor Brueckner.

Swedish Immigrant Home, 1895, Manhattan, 5 Water Street. Pastor Helander.

Immigrant Society, Inc., 1869, Manhattan, 234 East 62d Street. Pastor Restin.

Other Associations

Lutheran Education Society of New York. For the promotion of higher education within the Atlantic and Eastern Districts of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri. Pastor Karl Kretzmann, Secretary.

Manhattan Sunday School Institute, 1908. 15 schools. Enrollment, 495 teachers.

English Lutheran Missionary Society of Brooklyn, 1898. Reports establishment of 16 churches in Brooklyn and Long Island.

Luther League of New York City. Enrollment, 1,100 members.

American Lutheran Publicity Bureau, 234 East 62d Street.

Lutheran Bureau, Inc., A National Medium for Information and Service.

The Bureau grew out of the celebration of the Reformation Quadricentennial. Its lines of activity embrace a lecture bureau, a news service and an information service.

In the last it offers information on the best methods of doing church work, culling the best experience in the field of service and placing it at the disposal of anyone desiring it.

In the lecture bureau and the news service it is stimulating Lutherans to study the problems of the hour and it is creating opportunities for them to be heard.

The office is located in the Bank of the Metropolis Building, Union Square, New York. President, George D. Boschen; Treasurer, Theodore H. Lamprecht; Executive Secretary, O. H. Pannkoke.

National Lutheran Commission for Soldiers' and Sailors' Welfare, 437 Fifth Avenue, New York. Chairman, Rev. Frederick H. Knubel, D.D.

Periodicals

Der Lutherische Herold, founded in 1852, by Henry Ludwig.

Der Sonntagsgast, founded 1872. Editor: Pastor Wenner.

The New York Lutheran, founded 1903. Editor: Pastor Brunn.

Der Deutsche Lutheraner, founded 1909. Continuation of Der Lutherische Herold. Editor: Pastor Berkemeier.

The Luther League Review. Editor, E. F. Eilert.

The American Lutheran. Editor: Pastor Lindemann.

Inner Missions. Inner Mission Society.

Bookstores

Lutheran Publication Society, 150 Nassau Street.

Ernst Kaufmann, 22 North William Street.

Augustana Book Concern, 132 Nassau Street.

Bibliography * *Many of the books to which reference is here made may be found in the Public Library of New York. Others are obtainable in college and seminary libraries.

Morris, Bibliotheca Lutherana.

Jacobs and Haas, Lutheran Cyclopedia.

Distinctive Doctrines and Usages of the Lutheran Church.

Neve, Die wichtigsten Unterscheidungsmerkmale der lutherischen Synoden Amerikas.

Richard, Confessional History of the Lutheran Church.

Schmauk and Benze, The Confessional Principle and the Confessions of the Lutheran Church.

Kolde, Historische Einleitung in die Symbolische Buecher.

Krauth, The Conservative Reformation.

Stahl, Die lutherische Kirche und die Union.

Book of Concord. In German and Latin: Mueller. In English: Jacobs.

Walther, Amerikanisch-Lutherische Pastoral Theologie.

Rohnert, Dogmatik.

Gerberding, The Way of Salvation.

Remensnyder, The Lutheran Manual.

Ecclesiastical Records State of New York.

(Hallesche) Nachrichten.

Colonial Documents of New York.

Brodhead, History of New Netherland.

O'Callaghan, Documentary History of the State of New York.

Memorial Volume of the Semi-Centennial Anniversary of Hartwick Seminard, [sic] held August 21, 1866. Albany, 1867.

Lamb, History of the City of New York.

Booth, History of the City of New York.

Greenleaf, History of the Churches of New York.

Graebner, Geschichte der Lutherischen Kirche in America.

Haeberle, Auswanderung der Pfaelzer im 18. Jahrhundert. Kaiserslautern, 1909.

Eichhorn, In der neuen Heimath.

Kapp, Geschichte der Deutschen im Staate New York.

Gotwald, The Teutonic Factor in American History. (Lutheran Church Review, 1902.)

Graebner, Half a Century of Sound Lutheranism in America.

Nicum, Geschichte des New York Ministeriums.

Lenker, Lutherans in All Lands.

Jacobs, A History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States.

Schmucker, B. M., The Lutheran Church in New York during the First Century of its History. (Lutheran Church Review, 1884-1885.)

Francis, Old New York.

Disosway, Earliest Churches of New York.

Sachse: Justus Falckner.

Mann: H. M. Muehlenberg.

Roesener: Johann Heinrich Sieker.

Sprague: Annals of the American Lutheran Pulpit.

Bendixen: Bilder aus der letzten religioesen Erweckung in Deutschland. Leipzig, 1897.

Schaefer: Wilhelm Loehe. (Also other lives of Loehe).

Baur: Geschichts-und Lebensbilder aus der Erneuerung des religioesen Lebins in den deutschen Befreiungskriegen.

Stevenson: Praying and Working.

(Rocholl): Einsame Wege.

Wichern, Die innere Mission.

Ohl, The Inner Mission.

Kretzmann, Oldest Lutheran Church in America.

(Clarkson), Church of Zion and St. Timothy.

(Young), St. John's Church in Christopher Street.

Kraeling, Unser Zion (Brooklyn), 1905.

(Merkel), Dreieinigkeits-Gemeinde, Long Island City.

Kandelhart, Bethlehems-Gemeinde, Brooklyn, 1913.

Beyer, St. Johannes-Gemeinde, Brooklyn, 1894.

Borth, St. Johannes-Gemeinde, Port Richmond, 1902.

Jubilee of the Church of St. James, 1877.

Geschichte der Kirche zu St. Markus, 1897. (Manh.)

Zum Fuenfzigjaehrigem Jubilaeum der St. Lukas Gemeinde, 1900. (Manh.)

Zum Goldenen Jubilaeum. (St. Peter's Church, Manhattan), 1912.

Geschichtliche Skizze zum Goldenen Jubilaeum der Immanuelskirche zu Yorkville, 1913.

Steup, Geschichtliche Skizze der St. Johannes-Gemeinde zu Harlem, New York, 1889.

(Peterson), Zum Goldenen Jubilaeum, Dreieinigkeits-Gemeinde, Middle Village, 1913.

Statistisches Jahrbuch. (Missouri Synod).

Lutheran Church Year Book.

Brooklyn Daily Eagle Almanac.

Federation. New York Federation of Churches.

Charities Directory. Charity Organization Society.

Index

"Achtundvierziger" .....35 Arensius ...............39 Athens .................99 Baptismal Regeneration..101 Berkemeier, G. C........40 Berkemeier, W. H........39 Berkenmeyer.............9 Book of Concord.........XI, 41 Brohm, Pastor...........34 "Buffalonians"..........33 Catechization ..........109 Concordia College.......61 Confirmation............98 Cox, Dr. S. H...........20 Church Bookkeeping......124 Church Defined..........94 Deaconesses.............52 Dutch Language..........80 Ehrhardt, Julius........65 Embury, Philip..........22 English Language........83 Episcopalians...........25 Ericsson, Captain John..44 Fabritius...............3 Falckner................5 Francis, Dr.............20 Geissenhainer, Sr.......26 Geissenhainer, Jr.......27, 64 German Language.........81 Goedel, Jacob...........42 Grabau, Pastor..........31 Gutwasser...............3 Hartwick Seminary.......62 Hartwig.................21 Hausihl.................13 Heck, Barbara...........22 Held, A. H. M...........64 Hessians................14 High German.............84 Holls, G. C.............40 Hospice.................62 Inner Mission...........120 Inner Mission Society...62 Jewish Schools..........111 Jogues..................1 Justification by Faith..XIV, XV Knoll...................10 Kocherthal..............6 Koinonia................51 Krotel..................65 Kunze...................16 Kurtz, Dr. B............32 Laidlaw.................56 London..................79 Loonenburg..............9 Louis the Fourteenth....6 Lutheran Society........62 Lutheranism.............VIII Luther League...........51 Manhattan...............61 Martin Luther Society...50 Mayer, P. and F.........21 Means of Grace..........XVI Meldenius, Rupertus.....IV Methodists..............23 Metropolitan District...76 Merger..................78 Miller, C. Armand.......66 Ministers' Association..58 "Missourians"...........33 Moldenke................65 Moller, Peter...........39 Muehlenberg, F..........12 Muehlenberg, H. M.......11 Muehlenberg, P..........6 Muhlenberg, W. A........7 Neumann, R..............38 Norwegians..............45 Oertel, Maximilian......31 Old Swamp Church........12 Palatines...............6 Parochial School........107 Passavant...............39 Pennsylvania Dutch......87 Person of Christ........XIV Platt Deutsch...........82 Prussia, King of........32 Psalmodia Germanica.....12 Public Library..........125 Russian Lutherans.......114 Rhinebeck...............18 Rudmann, A..............5 Scandinavians...........47 Schaeffer, F. C.........26 Schieren, Chas. A.......57 Sieker, J. H............65 Steimle Synod...........41 St. Stephen's Church....25 St. James' Church.......27 St. Matthew's Church....26 Stohlmann...............37, 64 Strebeck................18 Sunday School...........106 Swedes..................41 Trinity Church..........9 Upsala College..........61 Vorleezers..............8 Wagner College..........61 Week-Day Instruction....110 Wedekind................64 Weiser..................6 Weltner.................67 Wesley, John............23 Weygand.................12 Williston...............25 Winkeltaufe.............100 Young, J. J.............66 Zenger, Peter...........7 Zion Church.............18

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