9. LAWRENCE WILL GO TO OXFORD and become a real scholar, which is a great thing and a noble. He will combine the new and the old, and show how much better the world would have been if it had stuck to Hellenism. You are dreaming of the schoolboy who does not follow up his work, or becomes a mere poll man. Good enough for parsons, not for men. LAWRENCE WILL GO TO OXFORD.

Ever your aggrawatin'

Pa.

[Like the old Greek sage and statesman, my father might have declared that old age found him ever learning. Not indeed with the fiery earnestness of his young days of stress and storm; but with the steady advance of a practised worker who cannot be unoccupied. History and philosophy, especially biblical criticism, composed his chief reading in these later years.

Fortune had ceased her buffets; broken health was restored; and from his resting-place among his books and his plants he watched keenly the struggle which had now passed into other hands, still ready to strike a blow if need be, or even, on rare occasions, to return to the fighting line, as when he became a leader in the movement for London University reform.

His days at Eastbourne, then, were full of occupation, if not the occupation of former days. The day began as early; he never relaxed from the rule of an eight o'clock breakfast. Then a pipe and an hour and a half of letter-writing or working at an essay. Then a short expedition around the garden, to inspect the creepers, tend the saxifrages, or see how the more exposed shrubs could best be sheltered from the shrivelling winds. The gravelled terrace immediately behind the house was called the Quarterdeck; it was the place for a brisk patrolling in uncertain weather or in a north wind. In the lower garden was a parallel walk protected from the south by a high double hedge of cypress and golden elder, designed for shelter from the summer sun and southerly winds.

Then would follow another spell of work till near one o'clock; the weather might tempt him out again before lunch; but afterwards he was certain to be out for an hour or two from half-past two. However hard it blew, and Eastbourne is seldom still, the tiled walk along the sea-wall always offered the possibility of a constitutional. But the high expanse of the Downs was his favourite walk. The air of Beachy Head, 560 feet up, was an unfailing tonic. In the summer he used to keep a look-out for the little flowers of the short, close turf of the chalk which could remind him of his Alpine favourites, in particular the curious phyteuma; and later on, in the folds of the hills where he had marked them, the English Gentians.

After his walk, a cup of tea was followed by more reading or writing till seven; after dinner another pipe, and then he would return to my mother in the drawing-room, and settle down in his particular armchair, with some tough volume of history or theology to read, every now and again scoring a passage for future reference, or jotting a brief note on the margin. At ten he would migrate to the study for a final smoke before going to bed.

Such was his routine, broken by occasional visits to town on business, for he was still Dean of the Royal College of Science and a trustee of the British Museum. Old friends came occasionally to stay for a few days, and tea-time would often bring one or two of the small circle of friends whom he had made in Eastbourne. These also he occasionally visited, but he scarcely ever dined out. The talking was too tiring.

The change to Eastbourne cut away a whole series of interests, but it imported a new and very strong one into my father's life. His garden was not only a convenient ambulatory, but, with its growing flowers and trees, became a novel and intense pleasure, until he began] "to think with Candide that 'Cultivons notre jardin' comprises the whole duty of man."

[It was strange that this interest should have come suddenly at the end of his life. Though he had won the prize in Lindley's botanical class, he had never been a field botanist till he was attracted by the Swiss gentians. As has been said before, his love of nature had never run to collecting either plants or animals. Mere "spider-hunters and hay-naturalists," as a German friend called them, he was inclined to regard as the camp-followers of science. It was the engineering side of nature, the unity of plan of animal construction, worked out in infinitely varying detail, which engrossed him. Walking once with Hooker in the Rhone valley, where the grass was alive with red and green grasshoppers, he said,] "I would give anything to be as interested in them as you are."

[But this feeling, unknown to him before, broke out in his gentian work. He told Hooker, "I can't express the delight I have in them." It continued undiminished when once he settled in the new house and laid out a garden. His especial love was for the rockery of Alpines, many of which came from Sir J. Hooker.

Here, then, he threw himself into gardening with characteristic ardour. He described his position as a kind of mean between the science of the botanist and the empiricism of the working gardener. He had plenty to suggest, but his gardener, like so many of his tribe, had a rooted mistrust of any gardening lore culled from books. "Books? They'll say anything in them books." And he shared, moreover, that common superstition, perhaps really based upon a question of labour, that watering of flowers, unnecessary in wet weather, is actively bad in dry. So my father's chief occupation in the garden was to march about with a long hose, watering, and watering especially his alpines in the upper garden and along the terraces lying below the house. The saxifrages and the creepers on the house were his favourite plants. When he was not watering the one he would be nailing up the other, for the winds of Eastbourne are remarkably boisterous, and shrivel up what they do not blow down.] "I believe I shall take to gardening," [he writes, a few months after entering the new house,] "if I live long enough. I have got so far as to take a lively interest in the condition of my shrubs, which have been awfully treated by the long cold."

[From this time his letters contain many references to his garden. He is astonished when his gardener asks leave to exhibit at the local show, but delighted with his pluck. Hooker jestingly sends him a plant "which will flourish on any dry, neglected bit of wall, so I think it will just suit you."]

Great improvements have been going on (he writes in 1892), and the next time you come you shall walk in the "avenue" of four box-trees. Only five are to be had for love or money at present, but there are hopes of a sixth, and then the "avenue" will be full ten yards long! Figurez vous ca!

[It was of this he wrote on October 1:—]

Thank Heaven we are settled down again and I can vibrate between my beloved books and even more beloved saxifrages.

The additions to the house are great improvements every way, outside and in, and when the conservatory is finished we shall be quite palatial; but, alas, of all my box-trees only one remains green, that is the "amari," or more properly "fusci" aliquid.

[Sad things will happen, however. Although the local florists vowed that the box-trees would not stand the winds of Eastbourne, he was set on seeing if he could not get them to grow despite the gardeners, whom he had once or twice found false prophets. But this time they were right. Vain were watering and mulching and all the arts of the husbandman. The trees turned browner and browner every day, and the little avenue from terrace to terrace had to be ignominiously uprooted and removed.

A sad blow this, worse even than the following:—]

A lovely clematis in full flower, which I had spent hours in nailing up, has just died suddenly. I am more inconsolable than Jonah!

[He answers some gardening chaff of Sir Michael Foster's:—]

Wait till I cut you out at the Horticultural. I have not made up my mind what to compete in yet. Look out when I do!

[And when the latter offered to propose him for that Society, he replied:—]

Proud an' 'appy should I be to belong to the Horticultural if you will see to it. Could send specimens of nailing up creepers if qualification is required.

[After his long battlings for his early loves of science and liberty of thought, his later love of the tranquil garden seemed in harmony with the dignified rest from struggle. To those who thought of the past and the present, there was something touching in the sight of the old man whose unquenched fires now lent a gentler glow to the peaceful retirement he had at length won for himself. His latter days were fruitful and happy in their unflagging intellectual interests, set off by the new delights of the succidia altera, that second resource of hale old age for many a century.

All through his last and prolonged illness, from earliest spring until midsummer, he loved to hear how the garden was getting on, and would ask after certain flowers and plants. When the bitter cold spring was over and the warm weather came, he spent most of the day outside, and even recovered so far as to be able to walk once into the lower garden and visit his favourite flowers. These children of his old age helped to cheer him to the last.

***

APPENDIX 1.

As for this unfinished work, suggestive outlines left for others to fill in, Professor Howes writes to me in October 1899:—

Concerning the papers at South Kensington, which, as part of the contents of your father's book-shelves, were given by him to the College, and now are arranged, numbered, and registered in order for use, there is evidence that in 1858 he, with his needles and eyeglass, had dissected and carefully figured the so-called pronephros of the Frog's tadpole, in a manner which as to accuracy of detail anticipated later discovery. Again, in the early '80's, he had observed and recorded in a drawing the prae-pulmonary aortic arch of the Amphibian, at a period antedating the researches of Boas, which in connection with its discovery placed the whole subject of the morphology of the pulmonary artery of the vertebrata on its final basis, and brought harmony into our ideas concerning it.

Both these subjects lie at the root of modern advances in vertebrate morphology.

Concerning the skull, he was in the '80's back to it with a will. His line of attack was through the lampreys and hags and the higher cartilaginous fishes, and he was following up a revolutionary conception (already hinted at in his Hunterian Lectures in 1864, and later in a Royal Society paper on Amphioxus in 1875), that the trabeculae cranii, judged by their relationships to the nerves, may represent a pair of prae-oral visceral arches. In his unpublished notes there is evidence that he was bringing to the support of this conclusion the discovery of a supposed 4th branch to the trigeminal nerve—the relationships of this (which he proposed to term the "hyporhinal" or palato-nasal division) and the ophthalmic (to have been termed the "orbitonasal" (A term already applied by him in 1875 to the corresponding nerve in the Batrachia. ("Encyclopaedia Britannica" 9th edition, volume 1 article "Amphibia."))) to the trabecular arch and a supposed prae-mandibular visceral cleft, being regarded as repetitional of those of the maxillary and mandibular divisions to the mandibular cleft. So far as I am aware, von Kupffer is the only observer who has given this startling conclusion support, in his famous "Studien" (Hf. I. Kopf Acipenser, Munchen, 1893), and from the nature of other recent work on the genesis of parts of the cranium hitherto thought to be wholly trabecular in origin, it might well be further upheld. As for the discovery of the nerve, I have been lately much interested to find that Mr. E. Phelps Allis, junior, an investigator who has done grand work in Cranial Morphology, has recently and independently arrived at a similar result. It was while working in my laboratory in July last that he mentioned the fact to me. Remembering that your father had published the aforementioned hints on the subject, and recalling conversations I had with him, it occurred to me to look into his unpublished manuscripts (then being sorted), if perchance he had gone further. And, behold! there is a lengthy attempt to write the matter up in full, in which, among other things, he was seeking to show that, on this basis, the mode of termination of the notochord in the Craniata, and in the Branchiostomidae (in which the trabecular arch is undifferentiated), is readily explained. Mr. Allis's studies are now progressing, and I have arranged with him that if, in the end, his results come sufficiently close to your father's, he shall give his work due recognition and publicity. (See "The Lateral Sensory Canals, the Eye-Muscles, and the Peripheral Distribution of certain of the Cranial Nerves of Mustelus laevis" by Edward Phelps Allis, junior, reprinted from "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." volume 45 part 2 New Series.)

Among his schemes of the early '80's, there was actually commenced a work on the principles of Mammalian Anatomy and an Elementary Treatise on the Vertebrata. The former exists in the shape of a number of drawings with very brief notes, the latter to a slight extent only in manuscript. In the former, intended for the medical student and as a means of familiarising him with the anatomical "tree" as distinct from its surgical "leaves," your father once again returned to the skull, and he leaves a scheme for a revised terminology of its nerve exits worthy his best and most clear-headed endeavours of the past. (Concerning this he wrote to Professor Howes in 1890 when giving him permission to denote two papers which he was about to present to the Zoological Society, as the first which emanated from the Huxley Research Laboratory]:—"Pray do as you think best about the nomenclature. I remember when I began to work at the skull it seemed a hopeless problem, and years elapsed before I got hold of the clue." [And six weeks later, he writes]:—"You are always welcome to turn anything of mine to account, though I vow I do not just now recollect anything about the terms you mention. If you were to examine me in my own papers, I believe I should be plucked.") [And well do I remember how, in the '80's, both in the class-room and in conversation, he would emphasise the fact that the hypoglossus nerve roots of the mammal arise serially with the ventral roots of the spinal nerves, little thinking that the discovery by Froriep, in 1886, of their dorsal ganglionated counterparts, would establish the actual homology between the two, and by leading to the conclusion that though actual vertebrae do not contribute to the formation of the mammalian skull, its occipital region is of truncal origin, mark the most revolutionary advance in cranial morphology since his own of 1856.

Much of the final zoological work of his life lay with the Bony Fishes, and he leaves unfinished (indeed only just commenced) a memoir embodying a new scheme of classification of these, which shows that he was intending to do for them what he did for Birds in the most active period of his career. It was my good fortune to have helped as a hodman in the study of these creatures, with a view to a Text-book we were to have written conjointly, and as I realise what he was intending to make out of the dry facts, I am filled with grief at the thought of what we must have lost. His classification was based on the labours of years, as testified by a vast accumulation of rough notes and sketches, and as a conspicuous feature of it there stands the embodiment under one head of all those fishes having the swim-bladder in connection with the auditory organ by means of a chain of ossicles—a revolutionary arrangement, which later, in the hands of the late Dr. Sagemahl, and by his introduction of the famous term—"Ostariophyseae," has done more than all else of recent years to clear the Ichthyological air. Your father had anticipated this unpublished, and in a proposal to unite the Herrings and Pikes into a single group, the "Clupesoces," he had further given promise of a new system, based on the study of the structure of the fins, jaws, and reproductive organs of the Bony Fishes, the classifications of which are still largely chaotic, which would have been as revolutionary as it was rational. New terms both in taxonomy and anatomy were contemplated, and in part framed. His published terms "Elasmo-" and "Cysto-arian" are the adjective form of two—far-reaching and significant—which give an idea of what was to have come. Similarly, the spinose fin-rays were to have been termed "acanthonemes," the branching and multiarticulate "arthronemes," and those of the more elementary and "adipose fin" type "protonemes": and had he lived to complete the task, I question whether it would not have excelled his earlier achievements.

The Rabbit was to have been the subject of the first of the aforementioned books, and in the desire to get at the full meaning of problems which arose during its progress, he was led to digress into a general anatomical survey of the Rodentia, and in testimony to this there remain five or six books of rough notes bearing dates 1880 to 1884, and a series of finished pencil-drawings, which, as works of art and accurate delineations of fact, are among the most finished productions of his hand. In the same manner his contemplated work upon the Vertebrata led him during 1879-1880 to renewed investigation of the anatomy of some of the more aberrant orders. Especially as concerning the Marsupialia and Edentata was this the case, and to the end in view he secured living specimens of the Vulpine Phalanger, and purchased of the Zoological Society the Sloths and Ant-eaters which during that period died in their Gardens. These he carefully dissected, and he leaves among his papers a series of incomplete notes (fullest as concerning the Phalanger and Cape Anteater [Orycteropus] ([I was privileged to assist in the dissection of the latter animal, and well do I remember how, when by means of a blow-pipe he had inflated the bladder, intent on determining its limit of distensibility, the organ burst, with unpleasant results, which called forth the remark] "I think we'll leave it at that!")), which were never finished up.

They prove that he intended the production of special monographs on the anatomy of these peculiar mammalian forms, as he did on members of other orders which he had less fully investigated, and on the more important groups of fishes alluded to in the earlier part of my letter; and there seems no doubt, from the collocation of dates and study of the order of the events, that his memorable paper "On the Application of the Laws of Evolution to the arrangement of the Vertebrata, and more particularly of the Mammalia," published in the "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" for 1880,—the most masterly among his scientific theses—was the direct outcome of this intention, the only expression which he gave to the world of the interaction of a series of revolutionary ideas and conceptions (begotten of the labours of his closing years as a working zoologist) which were at the period assuming shape in his mind. They have done more than all else of their period to rationalise the application of our knowledge of the Vertebrata, and have now left their mark for all time on the history of progress, as embodied in our classificatory systems.

He was in 1882 extending his important observations upon the respiratory apparatus from birds to reptiles, with results which show him to have been keenly appreciative of the existence of fundamental points of similarity between the Avian and Chelonian types—a field which has been more recently independently opened up by Milani.

Nor must it be imagined that after the publication of his ideal work on the Crayfishes in 1880, he had forsaken the Invertebrata. On the contrary, during the late '70's, and on till 1882, he accumulated a considerable number of drawings (as usual with brief notes), on the Mollusca. Some are rough, others beautiful in every respect, and among the more conspicuous outcomes of the work are some detailed observations on the nervous system, and an attempt to formulate a new terminology of orientation of the Acephalous Molluscan body. The period embraces that of his research upon the Spirula of the "Challenger" expedition, since published; and incidentally to this he also accumulated a series of valuable drawings, with explanatory notes, of Cephalopod anatomy, which, as accurate records of fact, are unsurpassed.

As you are aware, he was practically the founder of the Anthropological Institute. Here again, in the late '60's and early '70's, he was most clearly contemplating a far-reaching inquiry into the physical anthropology of all races of mankind. There remain in testimony to this some 400 to 500 photographs (which I have had carefully arranged in order and registered), most of them of the nude figure standing erect, with the arm extended against a scale. A desultory correspondence proves that in connection with these he was in treaty with British residents and agents all over the world, with the Admiralty and naval officers, and that all was being done with a fixed idea in view. He was clearly contemplating something exhaustive and definite which he never fulfilled, and the method is now the more interesting from its being essentially the same as that recently and independently adopted by Mortillet.

Beyond this, your father's notes reveal numerous other indications of matters and phases of activity, of great interest in their bearings on the history and progress of contemporary investigation, but these are of a detailed and wholly technical order.

APPENDIX 2.

His administrative work as an officer of the Royal Society is described in the following note by Sir Joseph Hooker:—

Mr. Huxley was appointed Joint-Secretary of the Royal Society, November 30, 1871, in succession to Dr. Sharpey, Sir George Airy being President, and Professor (now Sir George) Stokes, Senior Secretary. He held the office till November 30, 1880. The duties of the office are manifold and heavy; they include attendance at all the meetings of the Fellows, and of the councils, committees, and sub-committees of the Society, and especially the supervision of the printing and illustrating all papers on biological subjects that are published in the Society's Transactions and Proceedings: the latter often involving a protracted correspondence with the authors. To this must be added a share in the supervision of the staff of officers, of the library and correspondence, and the details of house-keeping.

The appointment was well-timed in the interest of the Society, for the experience he had obtained as an officer in the Surveying Expedition of Captain Stanley rendered his co-operation and advice of the greatest value in the efforts which the Society had recently commenced to induce the Government, through the Admiralty especially, to undertake the physical and biological exploration of the ocean. It was but a few months before his appointment that he had been placed upon a committee of the Society, through which H.M.S. "Porcupine" was employed for this purpose in the European seas, and negotiations had already been commenced with the Admiralty for a voyage of circumnavigation with the same objects, which eventuated in the "Challenger" Expedition.

In the first year of his appointment, the equipment of the "Challenger", and selection of its officers, was entrusted to the Royal Society, and in the preparation of the instructions to the naturalists Mr. Huxley had a dominating responsibility. In the same year a correspondence commenced with the India Office on the subject of deep-sea dredging in the Indian Ocean (it came to nothing), and another with the Royal Geographical Society on that of a North Polar Expedition, which resulted in the Nares Expedition (1875). In 1873, another with the Admiralty on the advisability of appointing naturalists to accompany two of the expeditions about to be despatched for observing the transit of Venus across the sun's disk in Mauritius and Kerguelen, which resulted in three naturalists being appointed. Arduous as was the correspondence devolving on the Biological Secretary, through the instructing and instalment of these two expeditions, it was as nothing compared with the official, demi-official, and private, with the Government and individuals, that arose from the Government request that the Royal Society should arrange for the publication and distribution of the enormous collections brought home by the above-named expedition. It is not too much to say that Mr. Huxley had a voice in every detail of these publications. The sittings of the Committee of Publication of the "Challenger" Expedition collections (of which Sir J.D. Hooker was chairman, and Mr. Huxley the most active member) were protracted from 1876 to 1895, and resulted in the publication of fifty royal quarto volumes, with plates, maps, sections, etc., the work of seventy-six authors, every shilling of the expenditure on which (some 50,000 pounds) was passed under the authority of the Committee of Publication.

Nor was Mr. Huxley less actively interested in the domestic affairs of the Society. In 1873 the whole establishment was translated from the building subsequently occupied by the Royal Academy to that which it now inhabits in the same quadrangle; a flitting of library stuff and appurtenances involving great responsibilities on the officers for the satisfactory re-establishment of the whole institution. In 1874 a very important alteration of the bye-laws was effected, whereby that which gave to Peers the privilege of being proposed for election as Fellows, without previous selection by the Committee (and to which bye-laws, as may be supposed, Mr. Huxley was especially repugnant), was replaced by one restricting that privilege to Privy Councillors. In 1875 he actively supported a proposition for extending the interests taken in the Society by holding annually a reception, to which the lady friends of the Fellows who were interested in science should be invited to inspect an exhibition of some of the more recent inventions, appliances, and discoveries in science. And in the same year another reform took place in which he was no less interested, which was the abolition of the entrance fees for ordinary Fellows, which had proved a bar to the coming forward of men of small incomes, but great eminence. The loss of income to the Society from this was met by a subscription of no less than 10,666 pounds, raised almost entirely amongst the Fellows themselves for the purpose.

In 1876 a responsibility, that fell heavily on the Secretaries, was the allotment annually of a grant by the Treasury of 4000 pounds, to be expended, under the direction of the Royal and other learned societies, on the advancement of science. (It is often called a grant to the Royal Society. This is an error. The Royal Society, as such, in no way participates in this grant. The Society makes grants from funds in its own possession only.) Every detail of the business of this grant is undertaken by a large committee of the Royal and other scientific societies, which meets in the Society's rooms, and where all the business connected with the grant is conducted and the records kept.

APPENDIX 3.

LIST OF ESSAYS, BOOKS, AND SCIENTIFIC MEMOIRS, BY T.H. HUXLEY.

ESSAYS.

"The Darwinian Hypothesis." ("Times" December 26, 1859.) "Collected Essays" 2.

"On the Educational Value of the Natural History Sciences." (An Address delivered at St. Martin's Hall, on July 22, 1854, and published as a pamphlet in that year.) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"Time and Life." ("Macmillan's Magazine" December 1859.)

"The Origin of Species." (The "Westminster Review" April 1860.) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 2.

"A Lobster: or the Study of Zoology." (A Lecture delivered at the South Kensington Museum in 1861, and subsequently published by the Department of Science and Art. Original title, "On the Study of Zoology.") "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 8.

"Geological Contemporaneity and Persistent Types of Life." (The Anniversary Address to the Geological Society for 1862.) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 8.

"Six Lectures to Working Men on Our Knowledge of the Causes of the Phenomena of Organic Nature, 1863." "Collected Essays" 2.

"Man's Place in Nature," see List of Books. Republished, "Collected Essays" 7.

"Criticisms on 'The Origin of Species.'" (The "Natural History Review" 1864.) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"Emancipation—Black and White." (The "Reader" May 20, 1865.) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"On the Methods and Results of Ethnology." (The "Fortnightly Review" 1865.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 7.

"On the Advisableness of Improving Natural Knowledge." (A Lay Sermon delivered in St. Martin's Hall, January 7, 1866, and subsequently published in the "Fortnightly Review".) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 1.

"A Liberal Education: and where to find it." (An Address to the South London Working Men's College, delivered January 4, 1868, and subsequently published in "Macmillan's Magazine".) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"On a Piece of Chalk." (A Lecture delivered to the working men of Norwich, during the meeting of the British Association, in 1868. Subsequently published in "Macmillan's Magazine".) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 8.

"On the Physical Basis of Life." (A Lay Sermon, delivered in Edinburgh, on Sunday, November 8, 1868, at the request of the late Reverend James Cranbrook; subsequently published in the "Fortnightly Review".) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 1.

"The Scientific Aspects of Positivism." (A Reply to Mr. Congreve's Attack upon the Preceding Paper. Published in the "Fortnightly Review" 1869.) "Lay Sermons".

"The Genealogy of Animals." (A Review of Haeckel's "Naturliche Schopfungs-Geschichte". The "Academy" 1869.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 2.

"Geological Reform." (The Anniversary Address to the Geological Society for 1869.) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 8.

"Scientific Education: Notes of an After-Dinner Speech." (Delivered before the Liverpool Philomathic Society in April 1869, and subsequently published in "Macmillan's Magazine".) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"On Descartes' 'Discourse touching the Method of using one's Reason rightly, and of seeking Scientific Truth.'" (An Address to the Cambridge Young Men's Christian Society, delivered on March 24, 1870, and subsequently published in "Macmillan's Magazine".) "Lay Sermons"; "Collected Essays" 1.

"On some Fixed Points in British Ethnology." (The "Contemporary Review" July 1870.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 7.

"Biogenesis and Abiogenesis." (The Presidential Address to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1870.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 8.

"Paleontology and the Doctrine of Evolution." (The Presidential Address to the Geological Society, 1870.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 8.

"On Medical Education." (An Address to the Students of the Faculty of Medicine in University College, London, 1870.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"On Coral and Coral Reefs." ("Good Words" 1870.) "Critiques and Addresses".

"The School Boards: What they can do, and what they may do." (The "Contemporary Review" December 1870.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"Administrative Nihilism." (An Address delivered to the Members of the Midland Institute, on October 9, 1871, and subsequently published in the "Fortnightly Review".) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 1.

"Mr. Darwin's Critics." (The "Contemporary Review" November 1871.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 2.

"On the Formation of Coal." (A Lecture delivered before the Members of the Bradford Philosophical Institution, December 29, 1871, and subsequently published in the "Contemporary Review".) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 8.

"Yeast." (The "Contemporary Review" December 1871.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 8.

"Bishop Berkeley on the Metaphysics of Sensation." ("Macmillan's Magazine" June 1871.) "Critiques and Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 6.

"The Problems of the Deep Sea" (1873). "Collected Essays" 8.

"Universities: Actual and Ideal." (The Inaugural Address of the Lord Rector of the University of Aberdeen, February 27, 1874. "Contemporary Review" 1874.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"Joseph Priestley." (An Address delivered on the Occasion of the Presentation of a Statue of Priestley to the Town of Birmingham on August 1, 1874.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"On the Hypothesis that Animals are Automata, and its History." (An Address delivered at the Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, at Belfast, 1874.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 1.

"On some of the Results of the Expedition of H.M.S. 'Challenger'" 1875. "Collected Essays" 8.

"On the Border Territory between the Animal and Vegetable Kingdoms." (An Evening Lecture at the Royal Institution, Friday, January 28, 1876. "Macmillan's Magazine" 1876.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 8.

"Three Lectures on Evolution." (New York, September 18, 20, 22, 1876.) "American Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 4.

"Address on University Education." (Delivered at the opening of the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, September 12, 1876.) "American Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"On the Study of Biology." (A Lecture in connection with the Loan Collection of Scientific Apparatus at South Kensington Museum, December 16, 1876.) "American Addresses"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"Elementary Instruction in Physiology." (Read at the Meeting of the Domestic Economy Congress at Birmingham, 1877.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"Technical Education." (An Address delivered to the Working Men's Club and Institute, December 1, 1877.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"Evolution in Biology." (The "Encyclopaedia Britannica" ninth edition volume 8 1878.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 2.

"Hume," 1878. "Collected Essays" 6. See also under "Books."

"On Sensation and the Unity of Structure of the Sensiferous Organs." (An Evening Lecture at the Royal Institution, Friday, March 7, 1879.) "Nineteenth Century" April 1879. "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 6.

"Prefatory Note to the Translation of E. Haeckel's Freedom in Science and Teaching," 1879. (Kegan Paul.)

"On Certain Errors respecting the Structure of the Heart attributed to Aristotle." "Nature" November 6, 1879. "Science and Culture".

"The Coming of Age of 'The Origin of Species.'" (An Evening Lecture at the Royal Institution, Friday, April 9, 1880.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 2.

"On the Method of Zadig." (A Lecture delivered at the Working Men's College, Great Ormond Street, 1880. "Nineteenth Century" June 1880.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 4.

"Science and Culture." (An Address delivered at the Opening of Sir Josiah Mason's Science College at Birmingham on October 1, 1880.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"The Connection of the Biological Sciences with Medicine." (An Address delivered at the Meeting of the International Medical Congress in London, August 9, 1881.) "Science and Culture"; "Collected Essays" 3.

"The Rise and Progress of Paleontology." (An Address delivered at the York Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1881.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 4.

"Charles Darwin." (Obituary Notice in "Nature", April 1882.) "Collected Essays" 2.

"On Science and Art in Relation to Education." (An Address to the Members of the Liverpool Institution, 1882.) "Collected Essays" 3.

"The State and the Medical Profession." (The Opening Address at the London Hospital Medical School, 1884.) "Collected Essays" 3.

"The Darwin Memorial." (A Speech delivered at the Unveiling of the Darwin Statue at South Kensington, June 9, 1885.) "Collected Essays" 2.

"The Interpreters of Genesis and the Interpreters of Nature." ("Nineteenth Century", December 1885.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 4.

"Mr. Gladstone and Genesis." ("Nineteenth Century", February 1886.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 4.

"The Evolution of Theology: An Anthropological Study." ("Nineteenth Century", March and April 1886.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 4.

"Science and Morals." ("Fortnightly Review" November 1886.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 9.

"Scientific and Pseudo-Scientific Realism." ("Nineteenth Century", February 1887.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.

"Science and Pseudo-Science." ("Nineteenth Century", April 1887.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.

"An Episcopal Trilogy." ("Nineteenth Century", November 1887.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.

"Address on behalf of the National Association for the Promotion of Technical Education" (1887). "Collected Essays" 3.

"The Progress of Science" (1887). (Reprinted from "The Reign of Queen Victoria", by T.H. Ward.) "Collected Essays" 1.

"Darwin Obituary." ("Proceedings of the Royal Society" 1888.) "Collected Essays" 2.

"The Struggle for Existence in Human Society." ("Nineteenth Century", February 1888.) "Collected Essays" 9.

"Agnosticism." ("Nineteenth Century", February 1889.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.

"The Value of Witness to the Miraculous." ("Nineteenth Century", March 1889.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.

"Agnosticism: A Rejoinder." ("Nineteenth Century", April 1889.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.

"Agnosticism and Christianity." ("Nineteenth Century", June 1889.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.

"The Natural Inequality of Men." ("Nineteenth Century". January 1890.) "Collected Essays" 1.

"Natural Rights and Political Rights." ("Nineteenth Century", February 1890.) "Collected Essays" 1.

"Capital, the Mother of Labour." ("Nineteenth Century", March 1890.) "Collected Essays" 9.

"Government: Anarchy or Regimentation." ("Nineteenth Century", May 1890.) "Collected Essays" 1.

"The Lights of the Church and the Light of Science." ("Nineteenth Century", July 1890.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 4.

"The Aryan Question." ("Nineteenth Century", November 1890.) "Collected Essays" 7.

"The Keepers of the Herd of Swine." ("Nineteenth Century", December 1890.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.

"Autobiography." (1890, "Collected Essays" 1.) This originally appeared with a portrait in a series of biographical sketches by C. Engel.

"Illustrations of Mr. Gladstone's Controversial Methods." ("Nineteenth Century", March 1891). "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.

"Hasisadra's Adventure." ("Nineteenth Century", June 1891.) "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 4.

"Possibilities and Impossibilities." (The "Agnostic Annual" for 1892.) 1891, "Collected Essays" 5.

"Social Diseases and Worse Remedies." (1891.) Letters to the "Times", December 1890 and January 1891. Published in pamphlet form (Macmillan & Co.) 1891. "Collected Essays" 9.

"An Apologetic Irenicon." ("Fortnightly Review", November 1892.)

"Prologue to 'Controverted Questions'" (1892). "Controverted Questions"; "Collected Essays" 5.

"Evolution and Ethics," being the Romanes Lecture for 1893. Also "Prolegomena," 1894. "Collected Essays" 9.

"Owen's Position in the History of Anatomical Science," being a chapter in the "Life of Sir Richard Owen", by his grandson, the Reverend Richard Owen (1894). "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

BOOKS.

"Kolliker's Manual of Human Histology". (Translated and edited by T.H. Huxley and G. Busk), 1853.

"Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature," 1863.

"Lectures on the Elements of Comparative Anatomy" (one volume only published), 1864.

"Elementary Atlas of Comparative Osteology" (in 12 plates), 1864.

"Lessons in Elementary Physiology." First edition printed 1866; second edition, 1868; reprinted 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872 (twice); third edition, 1872; reprinted 1873, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1878, 1879, 1881, 1883, 1884 (six times); fourth edition, 1885; reprinted 1886, 1888, 1890, 1892, 1893 (twice), 1896, 1898.

"An Introduction to the Classification of Animals," 1869.

"Lay Sermons, Addresses, and Reviews." First edition printed 1870; second edition, 1871; reprinted 1871, 1872, 1874, 1877, 1880, 1883; third edition, 1887; reprinted 1891, 1893 (twice), 1895, 1899.

"Essays Selected from Lay Sermons, Addresses, and Reviews." First edition, 1871; reprinted 1874, 1877.

"Manual of the Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals," 1871 (Churchill).

"Critiques and Addresses." First edition printed 1873; reprinted 1883 and 1890.

"A Course of Practical Instruction in Elementary Biology." By Professor Huxley and Dr. H.N. Martin. First edition printed 1875; second edition, 1876; reprinted 1877 (twice), 1879 (twice), 1881, 1882, 1883, 1885, 1886 (three times), 1887; third edition, edited by Messrs. Howes and Scott, 1887; reprinted 1889, 1892, 1898.

"American Addresses." First edition printed 1877; reprinted 1886.

"Anatomy of Invertebrated Animals," 1877.

"Physiography." First edition, 1877; reprinted 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885 (three times), 1887, 1888, 1890, 1891, 1893, 1897.

"Hume." English Men of Letters Series. First edition printed 1878; reprinted 1879 (twice), 1881, 1886, 1887, 1895.

"The Crayfish: an Introduction to the Study of Zoology," 1879.

"Evolution and Ethics." First edition printed 1893; reprinted 1893 (three times); second edition, 1893 third edition, 1893; reprinted 1894.

"Introductory Science Primer." First edition printed 1880; reprinted 1880, 1886, 1888, 1889 (twice), 1893, 1895, 1899.

"Science and Culture, and other Essays." First edition printed 1881; reprinted 1882, 1888.

"Social Diseases and Worse Remedies." First edition printed 1891; reprinted, with additions, 1891 (twice).

"Essays on some Controverted Questions." Printed in 1892.

Collected Essays. Volume 1. "Method and Results." First edition printed 1893; reprinted 1894, 1898.

Volume 2. "Darwiniana." First edition printed 1893; reprinted 1894.

Volume 3. "Science and Education." First edition printed 1893; reprinted 1895.

Volume 4. "Science and Hebrew Tradition." First edition printed 1893; reprinted 1895, 1898.

Volume 5. "Science and Christian Tradition." First edition printed 1894; reprinted 1895, 1897.

Volume 6. "Hume, with Helps to the Study of Berkeley." First edition printed 1894; reprinted 1897.

Volume 7. "Man's Place in Nature." First printed for Macmillan and Co. in 1894; reprinted 1895, 1897.

Volume 8. "Discourses, Biological and Geological." First edition printed 1894; reprinted 1896.

Volume 9. "Evolution and Ethics and other Essays." First edition printed 1894; reprinted 1895, 1898.

"Scientific Memoirs," volume 1 printed 1898, volume 2 printed 1899, volume 3 1901, volume 4 1902.

SCIENTIFIC MEMOIRS.

"On a Hitherto Undescribed Structure in the Human Hair Sheath," "London Medical Gazette" 1 1340 (July 1845).

"Examination of the Corpuscles of the Blood of Amphioxus Lanceolatus," "British Association Report" (1847), part 2 95; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Description of the Animal of Trigonia," "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" volume 17. (1849), 30-32; also in "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" 5 (1850), 141-143; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Anatomy and the Affinities of the Family of the Medusae," "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" (1849), part 2 413; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Notes on Medusae and Polypes," "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" 6 (1850), 66, 67; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Observations sur la Circulation du Sang chez les Mollusques des Genres Firole et Atlante." (Extraites d'une lettre adressee a M. Milne-Edwards.) "Annales des Sciences Naturelles" 14 (1850), 193-195; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Observations upon the Anatomy and Physiology of Salpa and Pyrosoma," "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" (1851) part 2 567-594; also in "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" 9 (1852), 242-244; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Remarks upon Appendicularia and Doliolum, two Genera of the Tunicata," "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" (1851), part 2 595-606; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Zoological Notes and Observations made on board H.M.S. "Rattlesnake" during the years 1846-1850" "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" 7 series 2. (1851), 304-306, 370-374; volume 8 433-442: "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Observations on the Genus Sagitta," "British Association Report" (1851) part 2 77, 78 (sectional transactions); "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"An Account of Researches into the Anatomy of the Hydrostatic Acalephae," "British Association Report" (July 1851) part 2 78-80 (sectional transactions); "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Description of a New Form of Sponge-like Animal," "British Association Report" (July 1851) part 2 80 (sectional transactions); "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Report upon the Researches of Professor Muller into the Anatomy and Development of the Echinoderms" "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" series 2 volume 8 (1851) 1-19; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Ueber die Sexualorgane der Diphydae und Physophoridae" Muller's "Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie, und Wissenschaftliche Medicin" (1851) 380-384. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Lacinularia Socialis: A Contribution to the Anatomy and Physiology of the Rotifera," "Transactions of the Micr. Society" London, new series 1 (1853) 1-19; (Read December 31, 1851). "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Upon Animal Individuality," "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 1 (1851-54), 184-189. (Abstract of a Friday evening discourse delivered on 30th April 1852.) "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Morphology of the Cephalous Mollusca, as Illustrated by the Anatomy of certain Heteropoda and Pteropoda collected during the voyage of H.M.S. 'Rattlesnake' in 1846-50" "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" 143 (1853) part 1 29-66. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Researches into the Structure of the Ascidians," "British Association Report" (1852) part 2 76-77. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Anatomy and Development of Echinococcus Veterinorum" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" 20 (1852) 110-126. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Identity of Structure of Plants and Animals"; Abstract of a Friday evening discourse delivered at the Royal Institution on April 15, 1853; "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 1 (1851-54) 298-302; "Edinburgh New Phil. Journal" 53 (1852) 172-177. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Observations on the Existence of Cellulose in the Tunic of Ascidians" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 1 1853; "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Development of the Teeth, and on the Nature and Import of Nasmyth's 'Persistent Capsule'" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 1 1853. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"The Cell-Theory (Review)" "British and For. Med. Chir. Review" 12 (1853) 285-314. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Vascular System of the Lower Annulosa" "British Association Report" (1854) part 2 page 109. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Common Plan of Animal Forms" (Abstract of a Friday evening discourse delivered at the Royal Institution on May 12, 1854.) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 1 (1851-54) 444-446. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Structure and Relation of the Corpuscula Tactus (Tactile Corpuscles or Axile Corpuscles) and of the Pacinian Bodies" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 2 (1853) 1-7. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Ultimate Structure and Relations of the Malpighian Bodies of the Spleen and of the Tonsillar Follicles" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 2 (1854) 74-82. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On certain Zoological Arguments commonly adduced in favour of the Hypothesis of the Progressive Development of Animal Life in Time." (Abstract of a Friday evening discourse delivered on April 20, 1855.) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 2 (1854-58) 82-85. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On Natural History as Knowledge, Discipline, and Power" "Royal Institution Proceedings" 2 (1854-58) 187-195. (Abstract of a discourse delivered on Friday, February 15, 1856.) "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Present State of Knowledge as to the Structure and Functions of Nerve" "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 2 (1854-58) 432-437. (Abstract of a discourse delivered on Friday, May 15, 1857.) "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

(Translation) "On Tape and Cystic Worms" von Siebold (1857) for the Sydenham Society.

"Contributions to Icones Zootomicae" by Victor Carus (1857).

"On the Phenomena of Gemmation" (Abstract of a discourse delivered on Friday, May 21, 1858.) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 2 (1854-58) 534-538; "Silliman's Journal" 28 (1859) 206-209. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Contributions to the Anatomy of the Brachiopoda" "Proceedings of the Royal Society" 7 (1854-55) 106-117; 241, 242. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On Hermaphrodite and Fissiparous Species of Tubicolar Annelidae (Protula Dysteri)" "Edin. New Phil. Journal" 1 (1855) 113-129. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Structure of Noctiluca Miliaris" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 3 (1855) 49-54. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Enamel and Dentine of the Teeth" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 3 (1855) 127-130. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Memoir on Physalia" "Proceedings of the Linnean Society" 2 (1855) 3-5. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Anatomy of Diphyes, and on the Unity of Composition of the Diphyidae and Physophoridae, etc." "Proceedings of the Linnean Society" 2 (1855) 67-69. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Tegumentary Organs" "The Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology" edited by Robert B. Todd, M.D., F.R.S. (The fascicules containing this article were published between August 1855 and October 1856.) "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Method of Palaeontology" "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" 18 (1856) 43-54. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Crustacean Stomach" "Journal Linnean Society" 4 1856. (Never finally written.)

"Observations on the Structure and Affinities of Himantopterus" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 12 (1856) 34-37. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Further Observations on the Structure of Appendicula Flabellum (Chamisso)" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 4 (1856) 181-191. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Note on the Reproductive Organs of the Cheilostome Polyzoa" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 4 (1856) 191, 192. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Description of a New Crustacean (Pygocephalus Cooperi, Huxley) from the Coal-measures" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 13 (1857) 363-369. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On Dysteria, a New Genus of Infusoria" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 5 (1857) 78-82. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Review of Dr. Hannover's Memoir: "Ueber die Entwickelung und den Bau des Saugethierzahns" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 5 (1857) 166-171. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Letter to Mr. Tyndall on the Structure of Glacier Ice" "Phil. Magazine" 14 (1857) 241-260. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On Cephalaspis and Pteraspis" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 14 (1858) 267-280. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"Observations on the Genus Pteraspis" "British Association Report" (1858) part 2 82, 83. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On a New Species of Plesiosaurus (P. Etheridgii) from Street, near Glastonbury; with Remarks on the Structure of the Atlas and the Axis Vertebrae and of the Cranium in that Genus" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 14 (1853) 281-94. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Theory of the Vertebrate Skull" "Proceedings of the Royal Society" 9 (1857-59) 381-457; "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" 3 (1859) 414-39. "Scientific Memoirs" 1.

"On the Structure and Motion of Glaciers" "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" 147 (1857) 327-346. (Received and read January 15, 1857.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Agamic Reproduction and Morphology of Aphis" "Transactions of the Linnean Society" 22 (1858) 193-220, 221-236. (Read November 5, 1857.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On Some Points in the Anatomy of Nautilus Pompilius" "Journal of the Linnean Society" 3 (1859) (Zoology) 36-44. (Read June 3, 1858.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Persistent Types of Animal Life" "Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain" 3 (1858-62) 151-153. (Friday, June 3, 1859.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Stagonolepis Robertsoni (Agassiz) of the Elgin Sandstones; and on the Recently Discovered Footmarks in the Sandstones of Cummingstone" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 15 (1859) 440-460. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On Some Amphibian and Reptilian Remains from South Africa and Australia" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 15 (1859) 642-649. (Read March 3, 1859.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On a New Species of Dicynodon (D. Murrayi) from near Colesberg, South Africa; and on the Structure of the Skull in the Dicynodonts" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 15 (1859) 649-658. (Read March 23, 1859.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On Rhamphorhynchus Bucklandi, a Pterosaurian from the Stonesfield Slate" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 15 (1859) 658-670. (Read March 23, 1859.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On a Fossil Bird and a Fossil Cetacean from New Zealand" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 15 (1859) 670-677. (Read March 23, 1859.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Dermal Armour of Crocodilus Hastingsiae" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 15 (1859) 678-680. (Read March 23, 1859.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"British Fossils" part 1 "On the Anatomy and Affinities of the Genus Pterygotus" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom" Monograph 1 (1859) 1-36. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"British Fossils" part 2. "Description of the Species of Pterygotus" by J.W. Salter, F.G.S., A.L.S., "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom" Monograph 1 (1859) 37-105. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On Dasyceps Bucklandi (Labyrinthodon Bucklandi, Lloyd)" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom" (1859) 52-56. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On a Fragment of a Lower Jaw of a Large Labyrinthodont from Cubbington" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom" (1859) 56-57. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"Observations on the Development of Some Parts of the Skeleton of Fishes" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 7 (1859) 33-46. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Dermal Armour of Jacare and Caiman, with Notes on the Specific and Generic Characters of Recent Crocodilia" "Journal of the Linnean Society" 4 (1860) (Zoology) 1-28. (Read February 15, 1859.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Anatomy and Development of Pyrosoma" "Transactions of the Linnean Society" 23. (1862) 193-250. (Read December 1, 1859.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Oceanic Hydrozoa" "Ray Society" (1859).

"On Species and Races, and Their Origin" (1860) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 3 (1858-62) 195-200; "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" 5 (1860) 344-346. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Structure of the Mouth and Pharynx of the Scorpion" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 8 (1860) 250-254. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Nature of the Earliest Stages of the Development of Animals" "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 3 (1858-62) 315-317. (February 8, 1861.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On a New Species of Macrauchenia (M. Boliviensis)" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 17 (1861) 73-84. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On Pteraspis Dunensis (Archaeoteuthis Dunensis, Romer)" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 17 (1861) 163-166. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"Preliminary Essay upon the Systematic Arrangement of the Fishes of the Devonian Epoch" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom" "Figures and Descriptions of British Organic Remains" (1861 Decade x) 41-46. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"Glyptolaemus Kinnairdi" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom" "Figures and Descriptions of British and Organic Remains" (1861 Decade x) 41-56. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"Phaneropleuron Andersoni" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom" "Figures and Descriptions of British Organic Remains" (1861 Decade x) 47-49. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Zoological Relations of Man with the Lower Animals" "Natural History Review" (1861) 67-84. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Brain of Ateles Paniscus" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1861) 247-260. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On Fossil Remains of Man" "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" (1858-62) 420-422. (February 7, 1862.) "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"Anniversary Address to the Geological Society, 1862" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 18 (1862) 40-54. See also in list of Essays "Geological Contemporaneity, etc." "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the New Labyrinthodonts from the Edinburgh Coalfield" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 18 (1862) 291-296. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On a Stalk-eyed Crustacean from the Carboniferous Strata near Paisley" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 18 (1862) 420-422. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Premolar Teeth of Diprotodon, and on a New Species of that Genus (D. Australis)" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 18 (1862) 422-427. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"Description of a New Specimen of Glyptodon recently acquired by the Royal College of Surgeons" "Proceedings of the Royal Society" 12 (1862-63) 316-326. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"Letter on the Human Remains found in Shell-mounds" (June 28, 1862) "Transactions of the Ethnological Society" 2. (1863) 265-266. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"Description of Anthracosaurus Russelli, a New Labyrinthodont from the Lanarkshire Coal-field" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 19 (1863) 56-68. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Form of the Placenta in the Cape Hyrax" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1863) page 237. (The paper was never written in full; the materials and an unfinished drawing of the membranes are at South Kensington.)

"Further Remarks upon the Human Remains from the Neanderthal" "Natural History Review" (1864) 429-446. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Angwantibo (Arctocebus Calabarensis, Gray) of Old Calabar" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1864) 314-335. "Scientific Memoirs" 2.

"On the Structure of the Skull of Man, the Gorilla, the Chimpanzee, and the Orang-Utan, during the period of the first dentition" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1864) page 586. (This paper was never written in full, but was incorporated in "Man's Place in Nature.")

"On the Cetacean Fossils termed 'Ziphius' by Cuvier, with a Notice of a New Species (Belemnoziphius Compressus) from the Red Crag" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 20 (1864) 388-396. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Structure of the Belemnitidae" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom" Monograph 2 (1864). "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Osteology of the Genus Glyptodon" (1864) "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society" 155 (1865) 31-70. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Structure of the Stomach in Desmodus Rufus" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1865) 386-390. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On a Collection of Vertebrate Fossils from the Panchet Rocks, Ranigunj, Bengal" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of India"; "Palaeontologica Indica" series 4; "Indian Pretertiary Vertebrata" 1 (1865-85). "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Methods and Results of Ethnology" (1865) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 4 (1866) 460-463. "Scientific Memoirs" 3. See also "Collected Essays" 7.

"Explanatory Preface to the Catalogue of the Palaeontological Collection in the Museum of Practical Geology" (1865). "Scientific Memoirs" 3. See "Principles and Methods of Paleontology" 1869.

"On Two Extreme Forms of Human Crania" "Anthropological Review" 4 (1866) 404-406.

"On a Collection of Vertebrate Remains from the Jarrow Colliery, Kilkenny, Ireland" "Geological Magazine" 3 (1866) 165-171. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On some Remains of Large Dinosaurian Reptiles from the Stormberg Mountains, South Africa" "Phil. Magazine" 32 (1866) 474-475; "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 23 (1867) 1-6. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On a New Specimen of Telerpeton Elginense" (1866) "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 23 (1867) 77-84. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"Notes on the Human Remains of Caithness" (1866) in the "Prehistoric Remains of Caithness" by S. Laing.

"On Two Widely Contrasted Forms of the Human Cranium" "Journal of Anatomy and Physiology" 1 (1867) 60-77. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On Acanthopholis Horridus, a New Reptile from the Chalk-Marl" "Geological Magazine" 4 (1867) 65-67. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Classification of Birds; and on the Taxonomic Value of the Modifications of certain of the Cranial Bones observable in that Class" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1867) 415-472. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Animals which are most nearly Intermediate between Birds and Reptiles" "Annals and Magazine of Natural History" 2 (1868) 66-75. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On Saurosternon Bainii and Pristerodon M'Kayi, two New Fossil Lacertilian Reptiles from South Africa" "Geological Magazine" 5 (1868) 201-205. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"Reply to Objections on my Classification of Birds" "Ibis" 4 (1868) 357-362.

"On the Form of the Cranium among the Patagonians and Fuegians, with some Remarks upon American Crania in general" "Journal of Anatomy and Physiology" 2 (1868) 253-271. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On some Organisms living at Great Depths in the North Atlantic Ocean" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 8 (1868) 203-212. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"Remarks upon Archaeopteryx Lithographica" "Proceedings of the Royal Society" 16 (1868) 243-248. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Classification and Distribution of the Alectoromorphae and Heteromorphae" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1868) 294-319. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On Hyperodapedon" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 25 (1869) 138-152. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On a New Labyrinthodont (Pholiderpeton Scutigerum) from Bradford" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 25 (1869) 309-310. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Upper Jaw of Megalosaurus" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 25 (1869) 311-314. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"Principles and Methods of Paleontology" (Written in 1865 as the Introduction to the Collection of Fossils at Jermyn Street.) "Smithsonian Report" (1869) 363-388. See above (1865).

"On the Representatives of the Malleus and the Incus of Mammalia in the Other Vertebrata" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1869) 391-407. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"Address to the Geological Society, 1869" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 25 (1869) 28-53. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Ethnology and Archaeology of India" (Opening Address of the President, March 9, 1869.) "Journal of the Ethnological Society of London" 1 (1869) 89-93. (Delivered March 9, 1869.) "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Ethnology and Archeology of North America" (Address of the President, April 13, 1869.) "Journal of the Ethnological Society of London" 1 (1869) 218-221. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On Hypsilophodon Foxii, a New Dinosaurian from the Wealden of the Isle of Wight" (1869) "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 26 (1870) 3-12. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"Further Evidence of the Affinity between the Dinosaurian Reptiles and Birds" (1869) "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 26 (1870) 12-31. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Classification of the Dinosauria, with Observations on the Dinosauria of the Trias" (1869) "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 26 (1870) 32-50. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Ethnology of Britain" "Journal of the Ethnological Society of London" 2 (1870) 382-384. (Delivered May 10, 1870). "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"The Anniversary Address of the President" "Journal of the Ethnological Society of London" new series 2 (1870) 16-24 (May 24, 1870). "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind" "Journal of the Ethnological Society of London" new series 2 (1870) 404-412. (June 7, 1870.) "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On a New Labyrinthodont from Bradford" With a Note on its Locality and Stratigraphical Position by Louis C. Miall "Phil. Magazine" 39 (1870) 385.

"Anniversary Address to the Geological Society, 1870" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 26 (1870) 29-64. ("Paleontology and the Doctrine of Evolution") "Collected Essays" 8 340. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"Address to the British Association at Liverpool" "British Association Report" 40 (1870) 73-89. "Collected Essays" 8. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Milk Dentition of Palaeotherium Magnum" "Geological Magazine" 7 (1870) 153-155. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"Triassic Dinosauria" "Nature" 1 (1870) 23-24. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On the Maxilla of Megalosaurus" "Phil. Magazine" 39 (1870) 385-386.

"On the Relations of Penicillium, Torula, and Bacterium" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 10 (1870) 355-362. (A Report by another hand of an Address given at the British Association, the views expressed in which were afterwards set aside.) "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"On a Collection of Fossil Vertebrata from the Jarrow Colliery, County of Kilkenny, Ireland" "Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy" 24 (1871) 351-370.

"Yeast" "Contemporary Review" December 1871. "Scientific Memoirs" 3.

"Note on the Development of the Columella Auris in the Amphibia" "British Association Report" 1874 (section) 141-142; "Nature" 11 (1875) 68-69. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Structure of the Skull and of the Heart of Menobranchus Lateralis" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1874) 186-204. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Hypothesis that Animals are Automata, and its History" "Nature" 10 (1874) 362-366. See also list of Essays.

"Preliminary Note upon the Brain and Skull of Amphioxus Lanceolatus" (1874) "Proceedings of the Royal Society" 23 (1875). "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Bearing of the Distribution of the Portio Dura upon the Morphology of the Skull" (1874) "Proceedings of the Cambridge Phil. Society" 2 (1876) 348-349. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Classification of the Animal Kingdom" (1874) "Journal of the Linnean Society" (Zoology) 12 (1876) 199-226. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Recent Work of the 'Challenger' Expedition, and its Bearing on Geological Problems" "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 7 (1875) 354-357. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On Stagonolepis Robertsoni, and on the Evolution of the Crocodilia" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 31 (1875) 423-438. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"Contributions to Morphology. Ichthyopsida.—Number 1. On Ceradotus Forsteri, with Observations on the Classification of Fishes" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1876) 24-59. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Position of the Anterior Nasal Apertures in Lepidosiren" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1876) 180-181. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Nature of the Cranio-Facial Apparatus of Petromyzon" "Journal of Anatomy and Physiology" 10 (1876) 412-429. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"The Border Territory between the Animal and the Vegetable Kingdoms" (1876) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 8 (1879) 28-34. "Macmillan's Magazine" 33 373-384. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Evidence as to the Origin of Existing Vertebrate Animals" "Nature" 13 (1876) 388-389, 410-412, 429-430, 467-469, 514-516; 14 (1876) 33-34. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"The Crocodilian Remains in the Elgin Sandstones, with remarks on the Ichnites of Cummingstone" "Memoir of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom" Monograph 3 1877 (58 pages and 16 plates). "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Study of Biology" "Nature" 15 (1877) 219-224; "American Naturalist" 11 (1877) 210-221. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Geological History of Birds" (March 2, 1877) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 8 347. [The substance of this paper is contained in the "New York Lectures on Evolution" 1876; see page 440.]

"Address to the Anthropological Department of the British Association, Dublin, 1878. Informal Remarks on the Conclusions of Anthropology" "British Association Report" 1878 573-578. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Classification and the Distribution of the Crayfishes" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1878) 752-788. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On a New Arrangement for Dissecting Microscopes" (1878) the President's Address "Journal of the Quekett Micr. Club" 5 (1878-79) 144-145. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"William Harvey" (1878) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 8 (1879) 485-500. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Characters of the Pelvis in the Mammalia, and the Conclusions respecting the Origin of Mammals which may be based on them" "Proceedings of the Royal Society" 28 (1879) 295-405. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"Sensation and the Unity of Structure of Sensiferous Organs" (1879) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 9 (1882) 115-124. See also "Collected Essays" 6. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"The President's Address" (July 25, 1879) "Journal of the Quekett Micr. Club" 5 (1878-79) 250-255. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On certain Errors respecting the Structure of the Heart, attributed to Aristotle" (1879) "Nature" 21 (1880) 1-5. See also "Science and Culture". "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Epipubis in the Dog and Fox" "Proceedings of the Royal Society" 30 (1880) 162-163. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"The Coming of Age of 'The Origin of Species'" (1880) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 9 (1882) 361-368. See also "Collected Essays" 2. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Cranial and Dental Characters of the Canidae" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1880) 238-288. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Application of the Laws of Evolution to the Arrangement of the Vertebrata, and more particularly of the Mammalia" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1880) 649-662. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"The Herring" "Nature" 23 (1881) 607-613. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"Address to the International Medical Congress" London 1881—"The Connection of the Biological Sciences with Medicine" "Nature" 24 (1881) 342-346. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"The Rise and Progress of Paleontology" "Nature" 24 (1881) 452-455. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"A Contribution to the Pathology of the Epidemic known as the 'Salmon Disease'" (February 21, 1882) "Proceedings of the Royal Society" 33 (1882) 381-389. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On the Respiratory Organs of Apteryx" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1882) 560-569. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On Saprolegnia in Relation to the Salmon Disease" "Quarterly Journal Micr. S." 22 (1882) 311-333 (reprinted from the 21st Annual Report of H.M. Inspectors of Salmon Fisheries). "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"On Animal Forms" being the Rede Lecture for 1883; "Nature" 28 page 187.

"Address delivered at the Opening of the Fisheries Exhibition at South Kensington, 1883."

"Contributions to Morphology. Ichthyopsida.—Number 2. On the Oviducts of Osmerus; with Remarks on the Relations of the Teleostean with the Ganoid Fishes" "Proceedings of the Zoological Society" (1883) 132-139. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"Oysters and the Oyster Question" (1883) "Proceedings of the Royal Institution" 10 (1884) 336-358. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"Preliminary Note on the Fossil Remains of a Chelonian Reptile, Ceratochelys Sthenurus, from Lord Howe's Island, Australia" "Proceedings of the Royal Society" 46 (1887) 232-238. (Read March 31, 1887.) "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"The Gentians: Notes and Queries" (April 7, 1887) "Journal of the Linnean Society" (Botany) 24 (1888) 101-124. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"Further Observations on Hyperodapedon" "Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society" 43 (1878) 675-693. "Scientific Memoirs" 4.

"Owen's Position in the History of Anatomical Science" see page 443.

APPENDIX 4.

HONOURS, DEGREES, SOCIETIES, ETC. (This list has been compiled from such diplomas and letters as I found in my father's possession.)

ORDER:

Norwegian Order of the North Star, 1873.

DEGREES, ETC.:

Oxford—Hon. D.C.L. 1885. Cambridge—Hon. LL.D. 1879. —Rede Lecturer, 1883. London—First M.B. and Gold Medal, 1845. —Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy; 1857. —Member of Senate, 1883. Edinburgh—Hon. LL.D. 1866. Aberdeen—Lord Rector, 1872. Dublin—Hon. LL.D. 1878. Breslau—Hon. Ph.D. and M.A. 1861. Wurzburg—Hon. M.D. 1882. Bologna—Hon. M.D. 1888. Erlangen—Hon. M.D. 1893.

SOCIETIES—LONDON:

Royal, 1851. —Sec. 1872-81. —Pres. 1883-85. —Royal Society's Medal, 1852. —Copley Medal, 1888. —Darwin Medal, 1894. Linnean, 1858. —Linnean Medal, 1890. Geological, 1856. —Sec. 1859-62. —Pres. 1869-70. —Wollaston Medal, 1876. Zoological, 1856. Odontological, 1863. Ethnological, 1863. —Pres. 1868-70. Anthropological Institute, 1870. Medico-Chirurgical, Hon. Memb. 1868. Medical, Hon. Memb. 1873. Literary, 1883. Silver Medal of the Apothecaries' Society for Botany, 1842. Royal College of Surgeons, Member, 1862. —Fellow, 1883. —Hunterian Professor, 1863-69. St. Thomas's Hospital, Lecturer in Comparative Anatomy, 1854. British Association for the Advancement of Science, Pres. 1870. —Pres. of Section D, 1866. Royal Institution, Fullerian Lecturer, 1863-67. British Museum, Trustee, 1888. Quekett Microscopical Club, President, 1878-79.

SOCIETIES—PROVINCIAL, COLONIAL AND INDIAN:

Dublin University Zoological and Botanical Association; Corr. Member, 1859. Liverpool Literary and Philosophic Society, Hon. Memb. 1870. Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, Hon. Memb. 1872. Odontological Society of Great Britain, 1862. Royal Irish Academy, Hon. Memb. 1874. Historical Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, Hon. Memb. 1875. Royal Society of Edinburgh, British Hon. Fellow, 1876. Glasgow Philosophical Society, Hon. Memb. 1876. Literary and Antiquarian Society of Perth, Hon. Memb. 1876. Cambridge Philosophical Society, Hon. Memb. 1871. Hertfordshire Natural History Society, Hon. Memb. 1883. Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Hon. Memb. 1886. New Zealand Institute, Hon. Memb. 1872. Royal Society of New South Wales, Hon. Memb. 1879, Clarke Medal, 1880.

FOREIGN SOCIETIES:

International Congress of Anthropology and Prehistoric Archeology, Corr. Memb. 1867. International Geological Congress (Pres.) 1888.

AMERICA:

Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Corr. Memb. 1859; Hayden Medal, 1888. Odontographic Society of Pennsylvania, Hon. Memb. 1865. American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, 1869. Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Hon. Memb. 1873. New York Academy of Sciences, Hon. Memb. 1876. Boston Society of Natural History, Hon. Memb. 1877. National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A., Foreign Associate, 1883. American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Foreign Hon. Memb. 1883.

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY:

Konigliche Kaiserliche Geologische Reichsanstalt (Vienna), Corr. Memb. 1860. K.K. Zoologische-botanische Gesellschaft in Wien, 1865.

BELGIUM:

Academie Royale de Medecine de Belgique, 1874. Societe Geologique de Belgique, Hon. Memb. 1877. Societe d'Anthropologie de Bruxelles, Hon. Memb. 1884.

BRAZIL:

Gabineta Portuguez de Leitura em Pernambuco, Corr. Memb. 1879.

DENMARK:

Royal Society of Copenhagen, Fellow, 1876.

EGYPT:

Institut Egyptien (Alexandria), Hon. Memb. 1861.

FRANCE:

Societe Imperiale des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg, Corr. Memb. 1867. Institut de France; "Correspondant" in the section of Physiology (succeeding von Baer), 1879.

GERMANY:

Microscopical Society of Giessen, Hon. Memb. 1857. Imperialis Academia Caesariana Naturae Curiosorum (Dresden), 1857. Imperial Literary and Scientific Academy of Germany, 1858. Royal Society of Sciences in Gottingen, Corr. Memb. 1862. Royal Bavarian Academy of Literature and Science (Munich), For. Memb. 1863. Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (Berlin), 1865. Medicinisch-naturwisseflschaftliche Gesellschaft zu Jena, For. Hon. Memb. 1868. Geographical Society of Berlin, For. Memb. 1869. Deutscher Fischerei-Verein, Corr. Memb. 1870. Berliner Gesellschaft fur Anthropologie, Ethnologie, und Urgeschichte, Corr. Memb. 1871. Naturforschende Gesellschaft zu Halle, 1879. Senkenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (Frankfurt a/M.), Corr. Memb. 1892.

HOLLAND:

Dutch Society of Sciences (Haarlem), For. Memb. 1877. Koninklyke Natuurkundige Vereenigung in Nederlandisch-Indie (Batavia), Corr. Memb. 1880. Royal Academy of Sciences (Amsterdam), For. Memb. 1892.

ITALY:

Societa Italiana di Antropologia e di Etnologia, Hon. Memb. 1872. Academia de' Lincei di Roma, For. Memb. (supplementary), 1878, ordinary, 1883. Reale Academia Valdarnense del Poggio (Florence), Corr. Memb. 1883. Societa dei Naturalisti in Modena, Hon. Memb. 1886. Societa Italiana delle Scienze (Naples), For. Memb. 1892. Academia Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis (Bologna), Corr. Memb. 1893.

PORTUGAL:

Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, For. Corr. Memb. 1874.

RUSSIA:

Imperial Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg), Corr. Memb. 1865. Societas Caesarea Naturae Cuniosorum (Moscow), Ordinary Member, 1870, Hon. Memb. 1887.

SWEDEN:

Societas Medicorum Svecana, Ordinary Memb. 1866.

ROYAL COMMISSIONS:

T.H. Huxley served on the following Royal or other Commissions:—

1. Royal Commission on the Operation of Acts relating to Trawling for Herrings on the Coast of Scotland, 1862.

2. Royal Commission to inquire into the Sea Fisheries of the United Kingdom, 1864-65.

3. Commission on the Royal College of Science for Ireland, 1866.

4. Commission on Science and Art Instruction in Ireland, 1868.

5. Royal Commission upon the Administration and Operation of the Contagious Diseases Acts, 1870-71.

6. Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Advancement of Science, 1870-75.

7. Royal Commission on the Practice of subjecting Live Animals to Experiments for Scientific Purposes, 1876.

8. Royal Commission to inquire into the Universities of Scotland, 1876-78.

9. Royal Commission on the Medical Acts, 1881-82.

10. Royal Commission on Trawl, Net, and Beam Trawl Fishing, 1884.

***

INDEX.

A priori reasoning.

Abbott, Dr. E.A., on "Illusions". —correspondence in "Times".

Aberdeen University, Huxley rejected for chair at. —Lord Rector of. —Rectorial Address at. —translated into German. —perils of writing.

Aberdour.

Adamson, Professor.

Addresses delivered under difficulties.

"Administrative Nihilism".

Admiralty, parsimony of, in 1846. —their dealings with Huxley.

Advice to would-be writer on scientific subjects.

Agassiz, Alexander, at x Club. —visit to.

Agassiz, Louis, and creation. —on glaciers.

Agnosticism, formulated in 1860. —controversy on. —restated.

Airy, Sir G.B., P.R.S.

Albert, Prince, at British Association.

Alcohol, use of.

Alford, Dean, and Metaphysical Society.

Allis, E. Phelps, jun., supports Huxley's unpublished cranial researches.

Allman, Dr. George J., on Huxley's leading discovery. —President British Association, 1879.

America, visit to. —sight of New York. —at Yale. —friends. —at Niagara. —visits his sister. —at Baltimore. —lectures at New York.

American Civil War. —suggests article "Emancipation, Black and White".

Amroth.

Anglesey, Marquis of, at Wellington's funeral.

Angus, Dr., on School Board.

Animal motion, lecture on.

Animals and plants.

"Animals as Automata". —delivered without notes.

Anthropological Institute founded.

Anthropological Society amalgamated with Ethnological.

Anthropologie, Societe d', of Paris.

Anthropomorphism.

Ape question, at Oxford. —papers and lectures on. —"Punch" squib. —at Edinburgh. —leads to ethnological work. —conclusion of.

"Apologetic Irenicon".

Appletons, and copyright. —visit to.

Arbitration Alliance, letter to, on the reduction of armaments and the real causes of war.

"Archetype" reviewed by H. Spencer.

Argyll, Duke of, in Metaphysical Society. —on "Law". —reply to. —on coral reef theories. —further controversy with.

Aristotle compared with Darwin. —certain errors attributed to. —estimate of the manuscripts of.

Armstrong, Sir Alexander, at Haslar.

Armstrong, Lord, visits to. —and a Newcastle society.

Arnold, M. —letters to: —a lost umbrella. —"St. Paul and Protestantism". —on death of his son.

Arolla, first visit to. —second visit to.

Aryans, origin of.

Ascidians, new species of. —Doliolum and Appendicularia. —on the structure of. —catalogue of.

Ashby, Mr., on sanitary work.

Ashley, Hon. E., Vivisection Bill.

Atavism, defence of the word.

Athanasian Creed, anecdote.

Atheism logically untenable.

Athenaeum Club, elected to.

Augustan epoch to be beaten by an English epoch.

Automatism, Darwin suggests he should review himself on.

Auvergne, trip in. —glaciation in. —prehistoric skeleton at Le Puy.

Babbage, calculating machine, and the theory of induction.

Bacon, influence of. —character.

"Baconian Induction," criticism of. —Spedding on.

Baer, von, influence of. —his Copley Medal. —his work.

Bailey, F., at Lynton.

Baillon, led to make fresh observations through Huxley's Gentian paper.

Bain, Professor A.

Balaam-Centaur.

Balfour, Right Hon. A., critique on his "Foundations of Belief".

Balfour, Francis. —death of. —obituary. —likeness to Huxley. —looked to as his successor. —opinion of.

Ball, John, with Huxley at Belfast.

Ball, W. Platt, letter to: criticises his "Use and Disuse": advice as to future work.

Baptism.

"Barriers, The Three".

Barry, Bishop, on Huxley's work on the School Board.

Bastian, Dr. H. Charlton, on spontaneous generation.

Bateson, Mr., letter to: his book "On Variation" returns from speculation to fact: natura facit saltum.

Bathybius. —not accepted in connection with Darwin's speculations. —"eating the leek" about.

Baynes, Thomas Spencer, letters to: —Aberdeen Address. —parsons at Edinburgh lectures. —regime for health. —arrangements for the "Encyclopaedia". —articles for "Encyclopaedia". —work on Dick Swiveller's principle. —handwriting. —puts aside a subject when done with. —a Balaam-Centaur. —Dean Stanley's handwriting. —articles between H. and L. —sons-in-law. —Biology contrasted with Criticism, etc. —reports of his American trip. —Harvey article.

Beale, Professor.

Beaufort, Sir F. (Hydrographer). —assistance from.

Beaumont, Elie de, contradicted by nature.

Belemnites, on.

Bell, Thomas, ready to help. —as man of science. —writes official statement on the award of Royal Society Medal to Huxley.

Bence Jones, Dr., kindness of. —would make the Fullerian Professorship permanent. —friendly conspiracy.

Bennett, Risdon, and F.R.S.

Bentham, G., at x Club.

Benvenuto Cellini.

Berkeley. —proposed book on.

Berkeley, Rev. M.J., mycological work.

Besant, Mrs., exclusion from University College.

Besant, Sir W., Huxley's face.

Bible-reading in elementary schools.

Biological teaching, revolutionised. —Darwin on.

Biology, on the study of.

Birds, distension of air-cells in flight. —investigations into the structure of. —classification of. —toothed, proposed lecture on. —geological history of.

Birds and reptiles, relations of.

Birmingham, address on Priestley. —opens Mason College.

Blackie, Professor, goes with, to Skelton's.

Blaythwayt, R., "The Uses of Sentiment".

Body, "a machine of the nature of an army".

Bollaert.

Book, a good, and fools.

Booth, General, "Darkest England" scheme. —compared to Law's Mississippi scheme.

Bowman, Sir William, retiring from King's College. —death of.

Bradlaugh, Charles, view of.

Bradlaugh, Miss, exclusion from University College.

Bramwell, Sir F., on technical education.

Brewster, Sir David. —criticism of Darwin.

Bright, John, speeches.

Bristol Channel, report on the recent changes of level in.

British Association. —at Southampton: Huxley's first paper. —at Ipswich. —at Belfast, 1852. —at Liverpool, 1853. —at Aberdeen. —at Oxford, 1860. —at Cambridge, 1862. —at Nottingham. —science in public schools. —President Section D. —at Dundee: working men's lecture delivered by Tyndall. —at Norwich. —Bathybius. —"A Piece of Chalk,". —Darwinism. —at Exeter. —at Liverpool: Huxley President. —at Edinburgh. —at Belfast. —address on Animal Automatism. —paper on Columella auris. —committee on vivisection. —at Dublin. —address on Anthropology. —at Sheffield: Huxley "eats the leek" about Bathybius. —at York: address on "Rise and Progress of Paleontology". —at Plymouth, invitation for. —at Oxford, 1894: speech on growing acceptance of evolution.

British Museum, Natural History Collections. —ex officio Trustee.

Broca, P., advice as to anthropological scheme. —language and race.

Brodie, Sir Benjamin.

Brodie, Professor (afterwards the second Sir B.).

Brodie, Rev. P., letter to: local museums.

Brodrick, Hon. G., letter to, on Linacre chair. —visit to. —letter to: reason for accepting P.R.S.

Brooks, Mr. and Mrs., meeting with.

Brown, Alfred, South African geologist.

Brown Sequard at Oxford.

Browning, his music.

Bruce, John, visit to. —in Edinburgh.

Bruny Island.

Bryson, Dr.

Buchner, L.

Buckland, Frank, succeeds as Fishery Inspector.

Buckland, Mrs., discovers an Echinoderm.

Buffon, on style. —appreciation of.

Bunbury, Sir C.

Bunsen.

Burnett, Sir William, Director-General Navy Medical Service. —interviews with. —letter to.

Burns, John, and poem on Tennyson.

Burton, Edward, letter to: advice against building disregarded.

Busk, G., stays with. —on Snowdon with. —joint translation of Kolliker. —x Club.

Butler's "Analogy".

Cabanis.

Cairns, Professor.

Calcutta, museum appointment.

Calvinism in science.

Cambridge. —British Association at. —Darwin's LL.D. —Huxley's LL.D. —Rede Lecture —visit to. —Harvey Tercentenary.

Campbell, Professor Lewis. —letters to: —value of Mariner's testimony about the Tongans. —Oxford, British Association at, 1894, stronghold of the priesthood in opposing scientific method.

Campbell, Mrs. L. —letter to: —hybrid gentian on a nameless island in Sils Lake.

Canaries, trip to.

Canino, Prince of, at British Association, Ipswich.

Cardwell, Lord, vivisection question.

Carlyle, influence of. —installed Lord Rector at Edinburgh when Huxley received LL.D. —hatred of Darwinism. —death of.

Carlyle, Mrs., saying about Owen.

Carnarvon, Lord, Vivisection Bill.

Carpenter, Rev. Estlin. —letter to: —acknowledges his book, "The First Three Gospels": historical basis of Christianity: comparison of Nazarenism with Quakerism.

Carpenter, W.B., approves of his views. —support for F.R.S. —dealings with, about the Registrarship of London University. —at his marriage. —Examiner at London University. —at Lamlash Bay. —and Bathybius.

Carus, Victor, corresponds with. —takes Wyville Thomson's lectures in 1874.

Cassowary, rhyme.

Cats, love for.

Cavendish, Lord F., assassination of.

Cell theory, review of.

Celt question.

"Challenger" expedition, and Bathybius. —some results of.

Chamberlain, Right Hon. Joseph, asked to Royal Society dinner.

Chambers, Robert, at Oxford, 1860.

Chamisso, quoted.

Chandler, Dr., apprenticed to.

Chapman, the publisher.

Cherubim, and terrestrial creation.

Chess player, nature compared to a hidden.

Chichester, Bishop of, on Huxley's search after the Ur-gentian.

Christian dogmas.

Christianity. —"development" of. —demonology of. —historical basis of. —comparison with Quakerism.

Chrystal, Professor, to help in Men of Science Series.

Church Army, answer to appeal for subscription to.

Church, Established, and our simian origin.

Churchill, the publisher.

City and Guilds Institute.

City Companies and education.

Clark, Sir Andrew, M.D., at Haslar. —successful treatment by. —meets on return from Italy. —advises retirement. —on Clifford's illness. —election as F.R.S.

Clark, Sir J., help from.

Clark, J.W., Master of the Salters Company, letter from—education.

Clarke, Hyde. —letters to: —Ashantee War and ethnology: Huxley no longer attending to anthropology. —aim of Genesis controversy.

Clarke, F. Le Gros, evolution and the Church.

Clayton, N.P. —letter to: moral duty and the moral sense: influence of Franklin and Fox compared.

Clergy and physical science.

Clericalism.

Clerk-Maxwell, to help in Men of Science Series.

Clifford, W.K. —his friends rally to, in his illness. —opinion of.

Clifford, Mrs. —letters to: —a difficulty. —the P.C.: a spiritual peerage. —human nature.

Clodd, Edward, note on secular education. —letters to: —his book "Jesus of Nazareth": Bible reading. —reply to condolence on his daughter's death. —Positivism: will devote his remaining powers to theological questions. —Baur's merit: proposes work on the three great myths. —legal aspect of the "Darkest England" scheme: controversy and waste of time. —new edition of "Bates": alleged ignoring of distinguished men by Royal Society. —"Man's Place" after thirty years. —answering letters: Kidd on Social Evolution: Lord Salisbury at Oxford.