[Sidenote: Famine in Italy.]

'Since the world is not governed by chance, but by a Divine Ruler who does not change His purposes at random, men are alarmed, and naturally alarmed, at the extraordinary signs in the heavens, and ask with anxious hearts what events these may portend. The Sun, first of stars, seems to have lost his wonted light, and appears of a bluish colour. We marvel to see no shadows of our bodies at noon, to feel the mighty vigour of his heat wasted into feebleness, and the phenomena which accompany a transitory eclipse prolonged through a whole year.

'The Moon too, even when her orb is full, is empty of her natural splendour. Strange has been the course of the year thus far. We have had a winter without storms, a spring without mildness, and a summer without heat. Whence can we look for harvest, since the months which should have been maturing the corn have been chilled by Boreas? How can the blade open if rain, the mother of all fertility, is denied to it? These two influences, prolonged frost and unseasonable drought, must be adverse to all things that grow. The seasons seem to be all jumbled up together, and the fruits, which were wont to be formed by gentle showers, cannot be looked for from the parched earth. But as last year was one that boasted of an exceptionally abundant harvest, you are to collect all of its fruits that you can, and store them up for the coming months of scarcity, for which it is well able to provide. And that you may not be too much distressed by the signs in the heavens of which I have spoken, return to the consideration of Nature, and apprehend the reason of that which makes the vulgar gape with wonder.

'The middle air is thickened by the rigour of snow and rarefied by the beams of the Sun. This is the great Inane, roaming between the heavens and the earth. When it happens to be pure and lighted up by the rays of the sun it opens out its true aspect[888]; but when alien elements are blended with it, it is stretched like a hide across the sky, and suffers neither the true colours of the heavenly bodies to appear nor their proper warmth to penetrate. This often happens in cloudy weather for a time; it is only its extraordinary prolongation which has produced these disastrous effects, causing the reaper to fear a new frost in harvest, making the apples to harden when they should grow ripe, souring the old age of the grape-cluster.

[Footnote 888: 'Vestros (?) veraciter pandit aspectus.']

'All this, however, though it would be wrong to construe it as an omen of Divine wrath, cannot but have an injurious effect on the fruits of the earth. Let it be your care to see that the scarcity of this one year does not bring ruin on us all. Even thus was it ordained by the first occupant of our present dignity[889], that the preceding plenty should avail to mitigate the present penury.'

[Footnote 889: Joseph, Praetorian Praefect of Egypt under Pharaoh.]

26. SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PRAEFECT, TO PAULUS, VIR STRENUUS[890].

[Footnote 890: Paulas was probably a Sajo.]

[Sidenote: Remission of taxes for Province of Venetia in consequence of the famine.]

'We are glad when we can reconcile the claims of the public service with the suggestions of pity. The Venerable Augustin, a man illustrious by his life and name, has brought under our notice the lamentable petition of the Venetians, to the effect that there have been in their Province no crops of wine, wheat, or millet, and that they must be ruined unless the Royal pity succours them.

'In these circumstances it would be cruel to exact the customary supplies from them, and we therefore remit the contributions of wine and wheat for the use of the army which we had ordered from the cities of Concordia, Aquileia, and Forojulii[891], exacting only the meat, as shown by the accompanying letter[892].

[Footnote 891: Now Cividale in Friuli. Notice the terminations of these names: 'ex Concordiense, Aquileiense, et Forojuliense civitatibus' ('e,' not 'i').]

[Footnote 892: The letter here alluded to does not appear to be preserved.]

'We shall send from hence a sufficient supply of wheat when the time comes; and as we are told that there is a plentiful crop of wine in Istria, you can buy there the wine that would have been furnished by the three cities. Be sure that you ask for no fee in this matter. This remission of taxes is absolutely gratuitous on our part.'

27. SENATOR, PRAETORIAN PRAEFECT, TO DATIUS[893], BISHOP OF MILAN.

[Footnote 893: Cassiodorus, like Procopius, spells this name with a 't.' Some of the ecclesiastical writers spell it with a 'c.']

[Sidenote: Relief of famine-stricken citizens of Ticinum and Dertona.]

'It is most fitting that good and holy men should be made the stewards of the Royal bounty. We therefore request your Holiness, in accordance with the King's commands, to open the granaries at Ticinum[894], and Dertona[895], and sell millet thereat to the starving people at the rate of 20 modii per solidum[896]. We are anxious that you should do this, lest the work should fall into venal hands which would sell the King's bounty to those who are able to provide for themselves. It is the poor, not the rich, that we wish to help: we would pour our bounty into empty vessels. Let not then your Holiness think this work of compassion, unworthy of your sacred office. In order to assist you we have sent A and B, who will simply obey the orders of your Holiness, doing nothing of their own motion.

[Footnote 894: Pavia.]

[Footnote 895: Tortona.]

[Footnote 896: Twelve shillings for twenty pecks, or about nineteen shillings and twopence a quarter; not a very low price, one would think, for such a grain as millet.

Datius is ordered to sell tertiam portionem of this millet. Probably this expression has the same meaning as the 'tertia illatio' of xi. 37.

In the similar letter, x. 27, 'tertia portio' (whether of wheat or millet is not stated) is to be sold at 25 modii per solidum.]

'Send us an account of the solidi received in payment for the said millet, that they may be stored up with our Treasurer[897], in order to replace the before-mentioned grain, and thus provide a reserve for future times of scarcity; like a garment taken to pieces that it may be made up again as good as new.'

[Footnote 897: 'Arcarius.']

[It is not very easy to assign a date to this letter. The mention of the famine would incline us to assign it to 538, as that seems to have been the year when the full force of the famine was felt in Italy (see Procopius, De Bello Gotthico ii. 20, where 538 and 539 seem to be marked as the two great famine years). But very early in 538 the Bishop of Milan, the same Datius to whom this letter is addressed, visited Rome to entreat Belisarius to send a small garrison to occupy Milan, which had already revolted, or was on the verge of revolting, from the Gothic King. As soon as the siege of Rome was raised Belisarius complied with this request, and sent 1,000 men, under Mundilas, to escort Datius back to Milan. This expedition set forth probably in April 538, and as soon as it arrived at Milan that city openly proclaimed its defection from Witigis and its allegiance to the Emperor. It was soon besieged by Uraias, nephew of Witigis, by whom in the following year (539) it was taken. The city, we are informed, was rased to the ground, and Bishop Datius escaped to Constantinople. Evidently we have here a continuous chain of events, which makes it impossible for us to date this letter in 538 or any subsequent year.

We ought probably therefore to assign it to the autumn of 537, and to look upon it as an attempt (unsuccessful, as it proved) to retain Datius and the citizens of Milan on the side of the Goths. We know from the Twenty-second Letter of this book that signs of scarcity had already shown themselves in Italy by the 1st September, 537; and in an interesting passage of the 'Historia Miscella' (Book xvi.), famine in Liguria, the year 537, and the name of Datius are all combined. 'Praeter belli instantiam angebatur insuper Roma famis penuria: tanta siquidem per universum mundum eo anno [the year of the siege of Rome], maxime apud Liguriam fames excreverat, ut sicut vir sanctissimus Datius Mediolanensis antistes retulit, pleraeque matres infelicium natorum membra comederent.' I owe this reference to Baronius.]

28. AN EDICT [ADDRESSED TO THE LIGURIANS].

[Sidenote: Relief of inhabitants of Liguria.]

'Divine Providence uses adversity as a means of testing our characters. Famine has afflicted the Provinces, but the result of it has been that they have proved more fully than before the bounty of their King. Rejoice herein, oh ye Ligurians! For when, as you will remember, on a previous occasion the savage temper of your neighbours was aroused, and Aemilia and your Liguria were shaken by an incursion of the Burgundians, who waged a sneaking campaign by reason of their nearness to your territory, suddenly the renown of the insulted Empire[898] arose like the sun in his strength. The enemy mourned the ruin which was caused by his own presumption, when he learned that that man was Ruler of the Gothic race whose rare valour he had experienced when he was still a private soldier[899]. How often did the Burgundian wish that he had never left his own frontiers to be compelled to fight with such an adversary as our Sovereign; for though he found with relief that he escaped his actual presence in the field, none the less did his rashness bring him in contact with the good fortune of his arms. For when with redoubled fortitude[900] the Goths turned to the prosecution of the war, with such successfully combined operations did they strike the bands of the rebels, that you would have thought those were all armed men, these were all defenceless[901]. Such was the just judgment of God, that the robber should perish in those very plains which he had presumed to desolate. Exult now, oh Province, adorned with the carcases of thine adversaries! rejoice, oh Liguria, at the heap of dead bodies! If the harvest of corn is denied thee, the harvest of dead enemies shall not be wanting. Tribute thou mayest not be able to offer to thy King, but the triumphs which are won in thy land thou canst offer with pride.

[Footnote 898: Literally, 'of the present Empire:' 'subito praesentis Imperii tanquam solis ortus fama radiavit.' I avoid the word 'present,' because of its ambiguity. Observe the use of 'Imperii' applied to the Gothic Kingdom.]

[Footnote 899: 'Quando illum cognovit nominatae (?) gentis esse Rectorem, quem sub militis nomine probaverat esse singularem.' This evident allusion to Witigis obliges us to place the date of this Burgundian invasion not much earlier than the summer of 536, when Witigis was raised to the throne. Apparently the Burgundians were already in Italy when they heard the news of that event.]

[Footnote 900: 'Ut Gothi ad belli studium gemina se fortitudine contulerunt.' These words perhaps allude to the necessity of fighting two enemies at once, Belisarius and the Burgundians; or perhaps to the existence of two Gothic armies, whose combined operations are indicated by the following words, 'prospera concertatione.']

[Footnote 901: 'Quasi inde nudos hinc stare contigisset armatos.' 'Hinc' and 'inde' refer to geographical position, not to the order of the words in the sentence.]

'[902]To these triumphs must be added the lately foiled plunder-raid of the Alamanni, so checked in its very first attempts that their entrance and exit were almost one event, like a wound well and opportunely cauterised. Thus were the excesses of the presumptuous invader punished, and the subjects of our King were saved from absolute ruin. I might indeed enumerate to you what crowds of the enemy fell in other places, but I turn rather—such is human nature—to more joyful themes, and revert to the point with which I at first commenced, namely that the Sovereign who has saved you from the hostile sword is determined now to avert from your Province the perils of famine.

[Footnote 902: See von Schubert's 'Unterwerfung der Alamannen,' pp. 57-59, for a careful analysis of the following paragraph.]

'In this new war the citadels are well-stored granaries; Starvation is the dreaded foe: if they are closed she enters; by opening them wide she is put to flight. I know not what the world in general may think of the relative merit of these two campaigns of our King. For my part, though I recognise it as the mark of a brave man to have fought a winning battle, I think it is something above mere human valour to have conquered penury.

'In addition to these benefits the King has remitted one-half of the taxes of the Province, that he might not sadden with the one hand those whom he was gladdening with the other. Herein he compares favourably with Joseph, who sold corn to the Egyptians, but on such terms that they lost their personal freedom. Doubtless that holy man was placed in a dilemma between the necessity of satisfying a covetous King on the one hand, and that of rescuing a starving people on the other. Still I must think that the Egyptian, whose life was preserved, groaned over the loss of his liberty; and if I may say so, with all respect to so great a patriarch[903], far nobler is it to sell corn to freemen who remain freemen, and to lighten their taxes on account of poverty. This is really a gratuitous distribution, when both the money with which to buy is handed over to you [by the abatement of tribute], and a price is fixed on purpose to please you.

[Footnote 903: 'Pace tanti patris dixerim.']

'The generosity of the State therefore will sell 25 modii, when the peasant has lost his crops, at the price at which 10 are usually sold[904]. Humanity has altered the usual course of affairs, and by a strange kind of chaffering, but one which truly becomes a King, just when the famished peasant is willing to offer us an enhanced price for food, we are directed to offer it to him for a smaller one.

[Footnote 904: Probably one solidus: making the largesse price 15s. 4d. a quarter (about four shillings less than the price named in the preceding letter for millet); while the market price was 38s. 4d. a quarter. I read these sentences thus: 'Vendit itaque largitas publica vicenos quinque modios, dum possessor invenire non possit, ad denos. Ordinem rerum saeculi mutavit humanitas.' The construction is harsh and elliptical, but this makes sense, which the ordinary punctuation, throwing 'ad denos' into the following sentence, does not.]

'The King himself had seen your calamity, and thereupon bestowed on you previously one favour. Now, on hearing of its continuance, he adds to it a second. Happy calamity, which forced itself on the notice of such an eye-witness!

'Now, oh Ligurian, rejoice in the good fortune which has come to thee. Compare thy lot with the Egyptian's and be happy. He was fed, but lost his freedom; thou art fed, and at the same time defended from thy enemies. Joseph gave back the purchase-money to his brethren in their sacks, showing a greater kindness to his kindred than to his subjects. Our King shows no such partiality, but bestows on all the taxpayers larger benefits than he did on his brethren. Happy age! in which Kings may be likened, not to Kings, but to Prophets, and yet bear away the palm.

'But that we may not longer detain you from the desired enjoyment of the Royal benefits, know that our commands have been given to those whose business it is to attend to this affair, that, according to the tenour of this edict, the generosity of the Sovereign may penetrate into your homes.'

[The same considerations which were applied to the date of the preceding letter seem to require that this also be dated in 537. After the raising of the siege of Rome (March, 538), by the despatch of Imperial troops into Liguria, and the enthusiastic adherence of that Province to the Imperial cause, a new state of things was established, and one to which the language of this letter would have been utterly inapplicable.

There are two events of which we have no other knowledge than that furnished by this letter: the invasion of the Burgundians, and the ravages of the Alamanni in the Province of Liguria.

(1) The invasion of the Burgundians seems, as stated in a previous note, to have occurred in the spring or early summer of 536; so that Cassiodorus could represent the invaders as surprised and disheartened by learning of the elevation of Witigis. It no doubt formed part of those hostile operations of the Frankish Kings described by Procopius (De Bello Gotthico i. 13), the termination of which was purchased by Witigis by the cession of Provence and the payment of a subsidy. It is interesting to observe, however, that the Burgundians, notwithstanding their subjugation in 534, and their incorporation in the Frankish monarchy, are still spoken of as conducting an invasion on their own account. This is just like the invasion of Italy in 553 by the Alamannic brethren, and is quite in keeping with the loosely compacted character of the Merovingian monarchy, in which it was copied by the Anglian and Saxon Kingdoms.

(2) For the ravages of the Alamanni consult, as before stated, von Schubert's monograph. This passage quite confirms his view of the events connected with the overthrow of the Alamannic Kingdom by Clovis. A remnant of the people, settled as refugees in Raetia under Theodoric's protection, now, in the decline of the Ostrogothic monarchy throw off their allegiance to his successors, and press forward over the Alps to share the spoil of Italy. Witigis, however, notwithstanding his struggle with Belisarius, is still able promptly to repel this incursion; but it co-operates with the Burgundian invasion and the inclement spring and summer of 537 to bring about the famine in Liguria in the autumn of that year.]

THE END.



INDEX OF PERSONS

TO WHOM THE LETTERS ARE ADDRESSED.

A.

Abundantius, Praetorian Praefect, v. 16, 17, 23, 34; ix. 4.

Acretius, see Eutropius.

Adeodatus, iii. 46.

Adila, Vir Spectabilis, Comes, ii. 29.

Aemilianus, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop, iv. 31.

Aestunae, Possessores, Defensores, and Curiales dwelling at, iii. 9.

Agapitus, Praefectus Urbis, Vir Illustris atque Patricius, i. 6, 23, 32, 33, 41; ii. 6.

Alaric (II), King of the Visigoths (484-507), iii. 1.

Albienus, Vir Illustris atque Patricius, i. 20; Praefectus Praetorio, viii. 20.

Albinus and Albienus, Viri Illustres atque Patricii, i. 20.

Albinus, Vir Illustris, Patricius, iv. 30.

Albinus, Actores of, iv. 35.

Aloisius, Architect, ii. 39.

Amabilis, Exsecutor, i. 8; Vir Devotus (? Sajo) and Comes, iv. 5.

Ambrosius, Quaestor, viii. 13; Vir Illustris Agens Vices (Praefecti Praetorio), xi. 4, 5; xii. 25.

Ampelius, Despotius, and Theodulus, Viri Spectabiles, ii. 23.

Ampelius, Count Luvirit and, v. 35.

Ampelius and Liveria, v. 39.

Anastasius, Emperor (491-518), i. 1; ii. 1.

Anastasius, Consularis, v. 8.

Anastasius, Cancellarius of Lucania and Bruttii, xii. 12, 14.

Anat(h)olius, Cancellarius of Province of Samnium, xi. 36.

Andreas, Primiscrinius, xi. 21.

Andreas, see Maximian.

Annas, Vir Spectabilis and Comes, iv. 18.

Antianus, Vir Spectabilis, ex-Cornicularius, xi. 18, 34.

Antonius, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop of Pola, iv. 44.

Apronianus, Vir Illustris, Comes Privatarum, iii. 53.

Arator, Vir Illustris, Comes Domesticorum, viii. 12.

Arelate (Arles), Possessores of, iii. 44.

Argolicus, Vir Illustris, Praefectas Urbis, iii. 11, 29, 30, 33; iv. 22, 25, 29, 42.

Arigern, Vir Illustris, Comes, iii. 36, 45; iv. 23.

Artemidorus, Vir Illustris atque Patricius, Praefectus Urbis, i. 42; ii. 34; iii. 22.

Assuin (Assius, or Assum), Vir Illustris, Comes, i. 40.

Aurigenes, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop, iii. 14.

Avilf, Sajo, v. 20.

B.

Baion (Coion, or Goinon), Vir Spectabilis, i. 38.

Beatus, Vir Clarissimus and Cancellarius, xi. 10; Primicerius Augustalium, xi. 30.

Benenatus, Vir Spectabilis, iv. 15.

Bergantinus, Vir Illustris and Patrician, Comes Patrimonii, viii. 23; ix. 3.

Boetius, Vir Illustris atque Patricius, i. 10, 45; ii. 40.

Brandila, v. 32.

C.

Cancellarii diversi Provinciarum Singularum, xii. 1, 10.

Canonicarius Venetiarum, xii. 4, 7.

Capuanus, Vir Spectabilis, v. 21.

Carinus, Vir Illustris, v. 28.

Cart(h)erius, Regerendarius, xi. 29.

Cassiodorus, Vir Illustris atque Patricius (father of Cassiodorus Senator), i. 3; iii. 28.

Catana, City of, Honorati Possessores, Defensores, and Curiales of, iii. 49.

Catellus, Scriniarius Actorum, xi. 22.

Cheliodorus, Commentariensis, xi. 28.

Clovis, see Luduin.

Coelianus and Agapitus, Viri Illustres et Patricii, i. 23.

Colossaeus, Vir Illustris, Comes, Governor of Pannonia, iii. 23.

Comes Siliquatariorum et Portus Curas Agens, ii. 12.

Constantian, Vir Experientissimus, xii. 18.

Constantinian, Cura Epistolarum Canonicarum, xi. 23.

Consularis, Vir Illustris, iii. 52.

Consularis Liguriae, xii. 8.

Crispianus, i. 37.

Cunigast, Vir Illustris, viii. 28.

Cyprian, Comes Sacrarum Largitionum and Patrician, v. 40; viii. 21.

D.

Dalmatia and S(u)avia, all the Goths and Romans in, ix. 9.

Daniel, iii. 19.

Datius, Bishop of Milan, xii. 27.

Decius, Vir Illustris, Patricius, ii. 33.

Decoratus, Vir Devotus, v. 31.

Dertona (Tortona), all Goths and Romans abiding (consistentes) at, i. 17.

Despotius, see Ampelius.

Densdedit, Scriba Ravennas, xii. 21.

Domitianus and Willias, i. 18.

Dromonarii, the, ii. 31.

Duda, Vir Spectabilis and Comes, iv. 28; Sajo, iv. 32, 34.

Dumerit, Sajo, viii. 27.

E.

Ecdicius (or Benedictus), Vir Honestus, ii. 4.

Elpidius (or Hespidius), Deacon, iv. 24.

Epiphanius, Vir Spectabilis, Consularis of Dalmatia, v. 24.

Episcopi et Honorati (?), ix. 5.

Episcopi sui, x. 34; diversi, xi. 3.

Eugenius (Eugenites, or Eugenes), Vir Illustris, Magister Officiorum, i. 12.

Eusebius, Vir Illustris, iv. 48.

Eustorgius, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop of Milan, i. 9.

Eutropius and Acretius, v. 13.

F.

Faustus, Praefectus Praetorio (in the edition of Nivellius his title is given as Praepositus), i. 14, 26, 34, 35; ii. 5, 9, 26, 30, 37, 38; Vir Illustris, iii. 21; Praefectus Praetorio, iii. 47, 51; iv. 36, 38, 50.

Felix, Vir Clarissimus, i. 7; Vir Illustris, Consul (511), ii. 2; iii. 39.

Felix, Quaestor, viii. 18.

Feltria (Feltre), Possessors of, v. 9.

Ferrocinctus, see Grimoda.

Festus, Vir Illustris atque Patricius, i. 15, 39; ii. 22; iii. 10.

Florentinus (or Florentianus), Vir Devotus, Comitiacus, viii. 27.

Florianus, Vir Spectabilis, i. 5.

Forum Livii (Forli), Honorati Possessores, and Curiales of, iv. 8.

Fruinarith, Sajo, ii. 13.

G.

Gaudiosus, Cancellarius of Province of Liguria, xi. 14.

Gaul, all the Provincials of, iii. 17, 42; viii. 7.

Geberich, Vir Spectabilis, iv. 20.

Gemellus, Vir Spectabilis, Governor of Gaul, iii. 16, 18, 32; iv. 12, 19, 21.

Genesius, Vir Spectabilis, viii. 30.

Gepidae, ad Gallias destinati, v. 11.

Gesila, Sajo, iv. 14.

Gildias, Vir Spectabilis, Count of Syracuse, ix. 11, 14.

Goths, all the, i. 24; x. 31; settled in Italy, viii. 5.

Goths, all the, and Romans, i. 28.

Goths, all the, and Romans, and those who hold the harbours and mountain-passes, ii. 19.

Grimoda, Sajo, and Ferrocinctus, Apparitor, iii. 20.

Gudila, Bishop, ii. 18.

Gudinand, Sajo, v. 19.

Gudisal, Sajo, iv. 47.

Guduim, Sajo, v. 27; Vir Sublimis and Dux, v. 30.

Gundibad, King of the Burgundians (473-516), i. 46; iii. 2.

H.

Haesti, the, v. 2.

Herminafrid, King of the Thuringians, iv. 1.

Heruli, King of the, iv. 2.

Heruli, Warni, and Thoringi, Kings of the, iii. 3.

Hilderic, King of the Vandals (523-531), ix. 1.

Honoratus, Vir Illustris, Quaestor, v. 3.

Honorius, Praefectus Urbis, x. 30.

I.

Ida (perhaps Ibbas), Vir Sublimis and Dux, iv. 17.

Importunus, Vir Illustris, Patricius, iii. 5.

Istria, Provincials of, xii. 22.

J.

Januarius, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop of Salona, iii. 7.

Jews, all the, residing in Genoa, ii. 27; iv. 33.

Joannes, Vir Spectabilis, Consularis Campaniae, iii. 27; iv. 10.

Joannes, Vir Spectabilis, Referendarius, viii. 25.

Joannes, Vir Clarissimus, Arcarius, v. 7.

Joannes, Canonicarius of Thuscia, xi. 38.

Joannes, Cancellarius, xi. 6; Praerogativarius, xi. 27.

Joannes, Siliquatarius of Ravenna, xii. 17.

Joannes, Apparitor, ii. 21; Arch-Physician, iv. 41.

John II, Pope (533-535), ix. 15; xi. 2.

Judges, all the, of the Provinces, ix. 20; xi. 7, 9; xii. 2.

Julianus, Comes Patrimonii, i. 16.

Justin, Emperor (518-527), viii. 1.

Justinian, Emperor (527-566), x. 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, 19, 22, 24, 25, 26, 32; xi. 13.

Justus, Sextus Scholaris, xi. 26.

L.

Laurentius, Vir Experientissimus, xii. 23.

Liberius, Praetorian Praefect of the Gauls, viii. 6.

Ligurians, the, xi. 15, 16; xii. 28.

Liveria, see Ampelius.

Lucillus, Scriniarius Curae Militaris, xi. 24.

Lucinus, Vir Clarissimus, Cancellarius of Campania, xi. 37.

Lucristani (Lustriani?), the, settled (constituti) on the river Sontius (Isonzo), i. 29.

Luduin (Clovis), King of the Franks (481-511), ii. 41; iii. 4.

Luvirit, Count, and Ampelius, v. 35.

M.

Magister Officiorum (at Constantinople), x. 33.

Mannila, Sajo, v. 5.

Marabad, Vir Illustris and Comes, iv. 12, 46.

Marcellus, Vir Spectabilis, Advocatus Fisci, i. 22.

Massilia (Marseilles), citizens of, iii. 34; iv. 26.

Maximian, Vir Illustris, and Andreas, Vir Spectabilis, i. 21.

Maximus, Vir lllustris, Consul, v. 42; Vir Illustris and Domesticus, x. 11.

Maximus, Vir Clarissimus, Cancellarius of Lucania and Bruttii, xii. 15.

Maximus, Vicarius Urbis Romae, xii. 19.

Milan, the Jews of, v. 37.

N.

Neudes, Vir Illustris, v. 29.

Noricum, Provincials of, iii. 50.

Nursia, see Reate.

O.

Opilio, Comes Sacrarum Largitionum, viii. 16.

Osun (Osuin, or Osum), Vir Illustris, Comes, iii. 26; iv. 9; ix. 8.

P.

Pannonia, all the Barbarians and Romans settled in, iii. 24.

Parma, Honorati Possessores, and Curiales of, viii. 29.

Paschasius, Praefectus Annonae, xii. 9.

Patricius, Vir Illustris and Quaestor, x. 6.

Patricius, Primicerius Exceptorum, xi. 25.

Paulinas, Vir Clarissimus and Consul, ix. 22.

Paulus, Vir Strenuus, xii. 26.

Peter, Bishop, iii. 37.

Peter, Vir Clarissimus, Erogator Obsoniorum, xii. 11; Arcarius, xii. 20.

Picenum and Samnium, all the Goths settled in, v. 26.

Pierius, Primicerius Singulariorum, xi. 32.

Possessores, universi, v. 38.

Provinus (Probinus), Vir Illustris, Patricius, ii. 11; Actores of, iv. 40.

R.

Reate and Nursia, all the inhabitants of, viii. 26.

Reparatus, Praefectus Urbis, ix. 7.

Roman Church, Clergy of, viii. 24.

Romans, all the, i. 28; in Italy and the Dalmatias, viii. 4.

Roman people, the, i. 31; viii. 3; x. 14, 17.

Rome, people of the City of, i. 44.

Romulus (? ex-Emperor), iii. 35.

S.

Sabinianus, Vir Spectabilis, i. 25.

Sajones, universi, qui sunt Cancellariis deputati, xii. 3.

Salvantius, Vir Illustris, Praefectus Urbis, ix. 16, 17.

Samnium, see Picenum.

Saturninus and Verbusius, Viri Illustres, Senatores, i. 19.

Senarius, Vir Illustris, Comes Patrimonii, iv. 3; Comes Privatarum, iv. 7, 11, 13.

Senate of the City of Rome, i. 4, 13, 30, 43; ii. 3, 16, 24, 32; iii. 6, 12, 31; iv. 4, 16, 43; v. 4, 22, 41; viii. 2, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 19, 22; ix. 19, 21, 23, 25; x. 3, 4, 7, 12, 13, 16, 18; xi. 1.

SENATOR (MAGNUS AURELIUS CASSIODORUS), Praetorian Praefect, ix. 24; x. 27, 28.

Servatus, Dux Raetiarum, i. 11.

Severianus (or Severinus), Vir Illustris, v. 14.

Severus, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop, ii. 8.

Severus, Vir Spectabilis, viii. 31, 32, 33.

Simeon, Vir Illustris, Comes, iii. 25.

Speciosus, i. 27; Vir Devotus, Comitiacus, ii. 10.

Stabularius, Comitiacus, v. 6.

Starcedius, Vir Sublimis, v. 36.

Stephanus, Vir Spectabilis, Comes Primi Ordinis et ex-Princeps nostri Ordinis, ii. 28.

S(u)avia, all the Provincials and Capillati, Defensores and Curiales, residing in, iv. 49; all the Possessores in, v. 15; all the Goths and Romans in, ix. 9.

Sunhivad, Vir Spectabilis, iii. 13.

Sura (or Suna), Vir Illustris, Comes, ii. 7.

Symmachus, Vir Illustris and Patricius, ii. 14; iv. 6, 51.

Syracuse, all the Provincials of the City of, ix. 10.

T.

Tancila, Vir Spectabilis, ii. 35.

Tezutzat, Sajo, iv. 27.

Theodagunda, Illustris Femina, iv. 37.

Theodahad, Vir Spectabilis, iii. 15; Vir Illustris, iv. 39; v. 12.

Theodora, Augusta, x. 10, 20, 21, 23.

Theodosius, Homo Theodahadi (?), x. 5.

Theodulus, see Ampelius.

Theon (or Theonius), Vir Sublimis, i. 2.

Theriolus, Vir Spectabilis, i. 36.

Thessalonica, Praefect of, x. 35.

Thomas, Vir Clarissimus, Arcarius, xii. 20.

Thoringi (Thuringians). see Heruli.

Ticinum (Pavia), Comites, Defensores, and Curiales of, iv. 45.

Transmund (or Thrasamund), King of the Vandals, v. 43, 44.

Tribuni Maritimorum, xii. 24.

Tridentinae Civitatis, Honorati Possessores, Defensores, et Curiales, ii. 17.

Tulum, Patrician, viii. 9.

U.

Unigis, Spatarius, iii. 43.

Uniligis (or Wiligis), Sajo, ii. 20.

Urbicus, ex-Primicerius Singulariorum, xi. 31.

Ursus, Primicerius Deputatorum, xi. 30.

V.

Valerian, Vir Sublimis, xii. 5.

Vandals, King of the, v. 1, 43, 44; ix. 1.

Venantius, Vir Illustris, ii. 15; Spectabilis, Corrector of Lucania and Bruttii, iii. 8.

Veranus, Sajo, v. 10.

Verbusius, see Saturninus.

Verruca, fort of, all Goths and Romans living near, iii. 48.

Victor, Vir Spectabilis, Censitor of Sicily, ix. 12.

Victorinus, Vir Venerabilis, Bishop, viii. 8.

Vitalian, Vir Clarissimus, Cancellarius of Lucania and Bruttii, xi. 39.

W.

Wandil (Vuandil), iii. 38.

Warni (Guarni), see Heruli.

Wilitanch, Duke, v. 33.

Willias, i. 18; v. 18; Vir Illustris, Comes Patrimonii, ix. 13.

Winusiad, Count, x. 29.

Witigisclus (or Wigisicla), Vir Spectabilis, Censitor of Sicily, ix. 12.



GENERAL INDEX.

[NOTE.—The references to the Introduction and to the Notes are by the page (thus, 106-108); references to the 'Variae' are by the numbers of the Book and Letter (thus, v. 16, 17). The FORMULAE are printed in small capitals.]

A.

Ab Actis (Registrar), officer in Court of Praetorian Praefect, 106-108; origin of the name, 107; compared to Referendarius, 312.

Abundantius, Praetorian Praefect, instructions to, as to forming a navy, v. 16, 17; to provide ships, and rations for young recruits, v. 23; instructions to, in the case of Frontosus, v. 34; to allow a family of Curials to degrade into Possessores, ix. 4.

Acinaticium, red wine of Verona, praises of, and account of its manufacture, xii. 4.

Actores (Representatives, Attorneys), of Albinus, iv. 35; of the holy Apostle Peter, xii. 20; of Probinus, iv. 40; of Spes, ii. 21; of Theodahad, viii. 23.

Addua, River (Adda), derivation of the name, xi. 14.

Adeodatus, forced by torture to confess himself guilty of rape, iii. 46; the sentence against him partially cancelled, iii. 46.

Adjutores, general word for assistants, 97, 102-104; is Adjutor equivalent to Primiscrinius? 103; a lower class of Exceptores seem to have been called Adjutores, 111; of Magister Officiorum, vi. 6.

Admissionales, Ushers of the Praefectoral Court, 112.

Adriana, petition of Curiales of, as to taxation, i. 19.

Adulterer slain by the injured husband, case of, i. 37.

Adultery, punishment of (Edictum Athalarici), ix. 18.

Aemilia, Province of, invaded by Burgundians, xii. 28.

Aemilianus, Bishop, ordered to finish the aqueduct which he has begun, iv. 31.

Aestii, see Haesti.

Aestunae (?), inhabitants of, ordered to send marbles to Ravenna, iii. 9.

AETATIS VENIA, FORMULA GRANTING, vii. 41; letter relating to, i. 38.

Aetheria, a widow, re-married, accused of wasting her children's property, iv. 12.

African. Singular custom by which an African was allowed to claim estate of a fellow-countryman dying without heirs, xii. 9.

Agapetus, Pope (June 3, 535—April 21, 536), Cassiodorus seeks to persuade him to found a School of Theology at Rome, 56; ordered by Theodahad and Gudelina to give his answer to Justinian's ambassador promptly, x. 19, 20, 25; mortgaged the Church plate to defray expenses of his journey to Constantinople, xii. 20.

Agapita (or Agapeta), Foemina Spectabilis, wife of Basilius, and a person of feeble intellect ii. 11; affair of her abduction, ii. 10, 11; further light on this affair, iv. 40.

Agapitus, with Coelianus, seems to have had special jurisdiction in cases affecting Patricians, i. 23, 27.

Agathias on Theodoric's protection of the Alamanni, 195.

Agenantia, widow of Campanianus, ix. 4.

Agens Vices (Deputy), functions of, 460 n; xii. 25.

Agentes in Rebus, Schola of, emissaries of the Magister Officiorum, 36; Princeps of, xi. 35.

Agnellus, Patrician, chooses Festus to defend his interests in his absence, i. 15.

Agnellus, fidei-jussor of Crispianus, i. 37.

Agnellus, house of, in Castrum Lucullanum given to Joannes, viii. 25.

Agrimensor, a Roman, description of, iii. 52.

Alamanni, date of Clovis' victory over, 23, 24, 195; Theodoric congratulates Clovis on his victory over, ii. 41; directed to exchange their cattle with Noricans, iii. 50; plundering incursion of, into Liguria, xii. 28; 527.

Alaric I, clemency of, at siege of Rome, 28; xii. 20.

Alaric II, letters intended to avert war between Alaric and Clovis, iii. 1-4; possessions granted by, to Church of Narbonne, iv. 17; taxation in the time of, v. 39; reception of his son Gesalic by Thrasamund, v. 43, 44.

Albienus, Vir Illustris and Patrician, deputed to select a Pantomimist, i. 20, 33; appointed Praetorian Praefect (527), viii. 20.

Albinus, Vir Illustris and Patrician, deputed to select a Pantomimist, i. 20, 33; allowed to erect 'fabricae' overlooking the Forum, iv. 30; accused by Cyprian of treason, 289, 291.

Albinus, an extravagant minor, case of, iv. 35.

Allecticii, Symmachus' oration on behalf of, 74; probable explanation of the term, 78.

Alpes Cottiae, Provincials of, to be relieved from taxation, iv. 36.

Alsuanum (?), transport of timber to, iv. 8.

Altinum, villas of, 514 n.

Amal race, glorified by Cassiodorus in his Gothic History, 29, 30, 33; 'Amali sanguinis purpurea dignitas,' ix. 1.

Amal race, glory of, viii. 2, 5; 'consuetudinis est lex, cum imperio [Romano] amicitiam Amalos semper habuisse,' x. 11.

Amalus (according to Jordanes, Amala), ancestor of Theodoric, 'felicitate enituit,' xi. 1.

Amalabirga, niece of Theodoric, married to Herminafrid, King of the Thuringians, iv. 1.

Amalafrida, Queen of the Vandals, sister of Theodoric, wife of King Thrasamund, put to death by his successor Hilderic, ix. 1.

Amalasuentha, daughter of Theodoric, mother of Athalaric, her regency, 38, 42-43; associates Theodahad in the kingship on the death of her son, 44; x. 1-4; dethroned and put to death by Theodahad, 45; praises of her character, x. 4; xi. 1; sends present of marbles to Justinian, x. 8; writes warmly to Theodora, x. 10; a doubtful allusion to her death, x. 20 (see note on p. 433).

Amandianus, Clarissimus, heirs of, defrauded by Theodahad, v. 12.

AMBASSADORS, FORMULA RESPECTING, vii. 33.

Amber, nature of, described, v. 2.

Ambrosius, son of Faustinus, addressed by Ennodius in 'Paraenesis Didascalica,' 358; Count of the Sacred Largesses, viii. 13; appointed Quaestor, viii. 13, 14.

Ambrosius, Illustris (probably the same as preceding), appointed 'Vices Agens' to Cassiodorus as Praetorian Praefect, xi. 4; instructions to, xii. 25.

Amphitheatre, sports of, described and condemned, v. 42.

Anastasius, Emperor, date of letter to, in the 'Variae,' 23; his wrath against Apion and Macedonius, 105; relations between him and Theodoric, i. 1 n; informed of elevation of Felix to Consulship, ii. 1; as to introduction of Heruli into Italy, 258 n.

Anchorago, a fish caught in the Rhine, xii. 4.

Andreas, intestacy of widow of, v. 24.

Andreas, defaulting taxpayer in Apulia, v. 31.

'Anecdoton Holderi,' MS. containing information as to Cassiodorus and his friends, 73-84.

Anicii, dignity of the family of, x. 11.

Annonae, of soldiers stationed in passes near Aosta, ii. 5; of garrisons on the Durance, iii. 41, 43; is praebendae equivalent to? 219; to be regularly supplied, v. 13 (see Praefectus Annonae).

Anonymus Valesii (an unknown chronicler of the Sixth Century, whose fragments are generally edited along with the history of Ammianus Marcellinus), quoted, 291, 363, 369.

Anthimus, Patriarch of Constantinople (535-536), deposition of, by Pope Agapetus, 436 n.

Antianus, ex-Cornicularius, made a Spectabilis, xi. 18; evasive reply to, xi. 19.

Antiochus, apparently a tax-collector, ii. 4.

Antiquarius, transcriber of manuscripts, Cassiodorus on the functions of, 60.

Apion, anger of Anastasius against, 105.

Apocha, a voucher for payment of taxes, xii. 7, 8.

Aponus (Abano, six miles from Padua), marvellous qualities of hot-springs at, ii. 39.

Apparitores, attendants on the great Ministers of War, 114; Joannes, Apparitor, ii. 21; Ferrocinctus, Apparitor, iii. 20.

Applicitarii, officers of arrest, 114; under orders of Commentariensis, 104.

Apulia, Conductores of, despoiled by hostile invaders, i. 16; merchants similarly despoiled, ii. 38; crops from, not forwarded expeditiously, i. 35; corn-merchants of, ii. 26; farms of Thomas in, transferred to his son-in-law Joannes, v. 6, 7; arrears of Siliquaticum in, v. 31.

'Apuli idonei,' viii. 33.

Aqua Claudia, Roman aqueduct, description of, vii. 6.

Aqua Virgo, Roman aqueduct, description of, vii. 6.

Aqueducts of Rome, abuses connected with, iii. 31; glory of, vii. 6.

Aqueduct begun by Bishop Aemilianus must be finished by him, iv. 31.

Aqueduct of Ravenna protected, v. 38.

Aqueduct constructed by Theodoric for City of Parma, viii. 30.

Aquileia, contributions of wine and wheat from, remitted, xii. 26.

Arator, Vir Illustris, sent by Provincials of Dalmatia to Theodoric, viii. 12; made Comes Domesticorum, viii. 12.

Arcadius, Emperor (395-408), change effected by him in relation of Praetorian Praefect to Master of the Offices, 99.

Arcarius, Treasurer or Steward, v. 7; x. 28 (see p. 440); xii. 8, 11, 27.

Archery, practice in, for young soldiers, v. 23.

Archiatrus, Arch-Physician, iv. 41 (see Comes Archiatrorum).

Architect, duties of, vii. 5.

ARCHITECT, PUBLIC, FORMULA FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF, vii. 15.

Archotamia, 'Illustris Femina,' accuses her grandson's widow of wasting her children's property, iv. 12.

Arelate (Arles), remission of taxation to inhabitants of, iii. 32; 'glorious defence of,' iii. 32; its walls to be repaired and its citizens fed, iii. 44; fight for possession of covered bridge at, viii. 10.

Arethusa, Fountain of, site of, near Squillace, 72; qualities of, described, viii. 32.

Argolicus, Vir Illustris, made Praefect of the City of Rome, iii. 11, 12; his ancestry and character, ii. 11, 12; ordered to repair Cloacae of Rome, iii. 30; other references to, iii. 29, 30; iv. 22, 25; iv. 42; his tardiness rebuked, iv. 29; heirs of, defrauded by Theodahad, v. 12.

Arigern, Vir Illustris and Comes, Governor of the new Gaulish Provinces, iv. 16; appointed Comes Urbis Romae (?), iv. 16; instructions to, iii. 45; iv. 23; report by, iv. 43.

Armentarius, Clarissimus, appointed Referendus Curiae, iii. 33; informs against Argolicus, Praefect of the City, iv. 29.

Armourers (ARMORUM FACTORES), Formulae of, vii. 18, 19.

Arsenals of Italy, under the Magister Officiorum, 37.

Artemidorus, Illustris and Patrician, a relation of Emperor Zeno, and friend of Theodoric, i. 43; Tribunus Voluptatum (?), i. 43; Praefectus Urbis, i. 42, 44; detects embezzlement by persons employed for repair of walls of Rome, ii. 34; invited to Theodoric's Court, iii. 22.

Assertor Libertatis (of the Theodosian Code, iv. 8), a possible allusion to, iii. 43.

Astensis Civitas (Asti), to be especially helped in relief of necessities of Liguria, xi. 15.

Astronomy, reasons derived from, for pensioning off civil servants, xi. 36.

Athala, ancestor of Theodoric, 'mansuetudine enituit,' xi. 1.

Athalaric, grandson of Theodoric, date of birth of, 29 n; accession of (Aug. 30, 526), 37; manner of his education, 42; his death (Oct. 2, 534), 43; letters announcing his accession, viii. 1-7; edict of, ix. 2; his death announced to Justinian, x. 1; praises of, by Cassiodorus, xi. 1.

Athens (Adige), flows past fort of Verruca, iii. 48.

Attila, defeat of, in Catalaunian plains, 28; iii. 1; embassy of Cassiodorus (grandfather of Senator) to, i. 4.

Augiensis, Codex, of 'Anecdoton Holderi,' 73.

Augmentum, super-assessment, remitted by Athalaric for Dalmatia and Suavia, ix. 9; for Syracuse, ix. 10.

Augusta (Turin, or Aosta), Bishop of, falsely accused of treason, i. 9; fastnesses (clusurae) of, soldiers stationed at, ii. 5.

Augustales, highest class of Exceptores (shorthand writers), 104 n, 110; xi. 30.

Augustin, Vir Venerabilis (probably a bishop), brings the scarcity in Venetia under the notice of the King, xii. 26.

Augustus, builder of the Circus Maximus, iii. 51; his survey of the 'Orbis Romanus,' iii. 52.

Aurarii, persons liable to payment of 'lustralis auri collatio,' ii. 26.

Auraria Pensio = probably 'lustralis auri collatio,' ii. 30.

Avenio (Avignon), Gothic troops not to molest citizens of, iii. 38.

B.

Bacauda, Vir Sublimis, Tribunes Voluptatum, v. 25.

Bacaudae, insurgent peasantry of Gaul, v. 25.

Baiae, baths of, praises of, ix. 6; xii. 22.

Balthae, royal house of the Visigoths, was Athalaric descended from? viii. 5.

Balzani, Ugo, on Cassiodorus, 121.

Barbarians, checked by fear, not honour, ii. 5.

Barbaria, probably the name of the mother of Romulus Augustulus, 216.

Barbarian Kings, intellects of, subdued by diplomacy, iv. 3; do not use the grammatical art, ix. 21.

Baronius, Cardinal, author of 'Annales Ecclesiae,' quoted, 500 n, 511 n.

Basilius (No. 1), Vir Spectabilis, claims restoration of his wife's property from Probinus, ii. 10, 11; iv. 40.

Basilius (No. 2), accused of magical practices, iv. 22, 23 (see note on p. 246).

Basilius (No. 3, possibly same as No. 2), Opilio connected with him by marriage, viii. 17; concerned in accusation of Boethius (?), 364 n.

Baths, gratuitous admission to, at Spoletium, ii. 37; of Turasius, at Spoletium, iv. 24; at Baiae, ix. 6.

Baudi de Vesme, fragments of oration of Cassiodorus (?), published by, 117.

Beatus, Vir Clarissimus and Cancellarius, ordered to supply rations to invalided officer, xi. 10; made Primicerius Augustalium, xi. 30.

Belisarius, Imperial general, his capture of Neapolis, 48; his campaign in Southern Italy, 492; his recovery and loss of Milan, 522; his entry into Ravenna, 51.

Bellum (war), derived from King Belus, i. 30.

Benedict, St., not alluded to by Cassiodorus, 55; relation of his rule to that of Cassiodorus, 57, 59.

Benedictus, a civil officer of some kind in the City of Pedon, guardianship of his children assigned to Theriolus, i. 36.

Bethmann Hollweig, his 'Gerichtsverfassung des sinkenden roemischen Reichs,' 41, 95, 109 n.

Bigamy, punishment of, according to Edictum Athalarici, ix. 18.

Bina, a kind of tax, iii. 8.

BINA ET TERNA, FORMULAE FOR THE COLLECTION OF, vii. 20, 21, 22.

Birds, habits of, i. 21; the hawk's way of teaching her young to fly, i. 24; the eagle and her young, i. 38; filial piety of the stork, ii. 14; instinct of young partridges towards their mother, ii. 14; the vulture protects little birds from attacks of the hawk, ii. 19; gulls fly inland when they foresee a storm, iii. 48; cranes when about to cross the sea clasp pebbles with their claws, iv. 47; the turtle-dove once widowed never takes another mate, v. 33; flight of cranes suggested to Mercury shapes of letters, viii. 12; thrushes, storks, and doves gregarious, the greedy hawk loves solitude, viii. 31; orderly evolutions of cranes, ix. 2.

Bishops, King Witigis' exhortations to, x. 34; Cassiodorus' exhortations to, xi. 4.

Blue party in the Circus, rivalry of, with the Greens, iii. 51.

Bodily signs by which character may be discerned, vi. 9 (compare also Cassiodorus, 'De Anima,' capp. 10 and 11, referred to p. 53).

Boethius (or Boetius), Illustris and Patrician, receives orders to choose a harper to be sent to Clovis, 23, 24; ii. 40; information as to his life in the 'Anecdoton Holderi,' 74, 79-84; really author of the theological treatises which have passed current with his name, 74, 80-83; and of a 'Bucolic Poem,' 74, 83; difficulty caused by the non-Christian character of his 'Consolations of Philosophy,' 81, 83; consulted as to depreciation of currency, i. 10; ordered to prepare water-clock and sundial for King of Burgundians, i. 45.

Boethius, as to character of Basilius, 246 n; as to character of Decoratus, 267 n; character of his accuser Cyprian, v. 40, 41; viii. 21, 22; character of Opilio, viii. 17.

Boethus, Bishop of Byzacene Province in Africa, author, according to M. Jourdain, of the theological treatises attributed to Boethius, 82.

Bormiae Aquae (Baths of Bormio), Count Winusiad recommended to visit, x. 29.

Brandila, husband of Procula, story of his intrigue with Regina, wife of Patzenes, v. 32, 33.

Breones, a Raetian freebooting tribe living near the Brenner pass, i. 11.

Bribery repressed, xii. 2, 6, 21, 26.

Bridge of boats ordered to be built across the Tiber, xii. 19.

Brosse, Pierre, notes of, on Cassiodorus, 117.

Bruttii and Lucania, Venantius Corrector of, iii. 8, 46, 47; his misgovernment of, 221; the praises of, viii. 31; xii. 15; 'opulenti Bruttii,' viii. 33; gold-mining to be commenced in, ix. 3; abundance of cattle in, ii. 39; measures for relief of, during presence of Gothic army, xii. 5; praise of the wine of, xii. 12; Canonicarii of, rebuked for despoiling the churches, xii. 13.

Buat, Count, on the life and ancestry of Cassiodorus, 118; as to Theodora's share in the murder of Amalasuentha, 433 n.

Burgundians, King of (see Gundibad); cease to be 'Gentiles' under Gundibad, i. 46; boundary of, with Ostrogothic kingdom, iii. 41; dispute with Franks, viii. 10; league with Amalasuentha, xi. 1 (see 456 n); invasion of Liguria and Aemilia, xii. 28; 527.

Butilianus, Presbyter, land allotment given by Theodoric to, in neighbourhood of Trient, ii. 17.

C.

Caduca bona, property to which no heir is forthcoming, and which is therefore claimed by the State, v. 24; vi. 8.

Caelianus, one of the Quinque-viri appointed to try Basilius and Praetextatus, iv. 22, 23.

Calabria, crops from, not forwarded expeditiously, i. 35; regulations for corn-traffic in, ii. 26; arrears of Siliquaticum in, v. 31.

'Calabri peculiosi,' viii. 33.

Calogenitus, sent by Amalasuentha to Justinian with a present of marbles, x. 8, 9.

Campania, practice of pignoratio prevalent in, iv. 10; suffers from eruption of Vesuvius, iv. 50; 'industriosa Campania,' viii. 33; Cancellarius of, to pay pension to retiring Primiscrinius, xi. 37; the cupboard of Rome ('urbis regiae cella penaria'), xii. 22.

Campanianus, of Lucania, widow and family of, permitted to step down from rank of Curiales, ix. 4.

Cancellarius, an officer of humble rank in the Court of the Praetorian Praefect, 111, 112; origin of the name, 112; his functions described, xi. 6; of Faustus, desired to forward corn from Apulia, i. 35; Beatus (Vir Clarissimus) ordered to supply rations to invalided officer, xi. 10; Gaudiosus, Cancellarius of Province of Inguria, xi. 14; Anatholius, Cancellarius of Samnium, xi. 36; Lucinus, Cancellarius of Campania, xi. 37; Vitalian, Cancellarius of Lucania and Bruttii, xi. 39; admonition to various Cancellarii, xii. 1, 10; Sajones ordered to wait upon Cancellarii, xii. 3; Anastasius, Cancellarius of Lucania and Bruttii, ordered to send cheese and wine for royal table, xii. 12; the same, ordered to be gentle with the citizens of Rhegium, xii. 14; Maximus, Cancellarius of Lucania and Bruttii, xii. 15.

Canonicarii, tribute-collectors under Comes Rerum Privatarum, vi. 8; to collect the Trina Illatio, xii. 16; of Thuscia, xi. 38; of Venetia, xii. 4, 6; of Bruttii, rebuked for robbing the churches, xii. 13.

Candac, King of Alani, mentioned by Jordanes, 164.

Candax, apparently next of kin to a man slain by Crispianus, i. 37.

Capillati (?) of Suavia, iv. 49.

Capitularii horreariorum et tabernariorum, farmers of revenue derived from granaries and taverns, x. 28.

Caprarius, Mons (situation of doubtful, but near Ravenna), xii. 17; works of defence to be constructed near, xii. 17.

Capuanus, Senator, appointed Rector Decuriarum, v. 21, 22; his character, v. 22.

Cardinalis = chief officer of Court, vii. 31.

Carpentum, official chariot of Praetorian Praefect, vi. 3; of Praefect of the City, vi. 4; of Consularis of a Province, vi. 20.

CARTARIUS (or Cartularius), Clerk in the Record Office, FORMULA APPROVING APPOINTMENT OF, vii. 43.

Cartarii ordered to prepare transfers of property to Theodahad, viii. 23; to receive the wine collected for the royal table, xii. 4.

Casa Arbitana taken from heirs of Argolicus and Amandianus, v. 12.

Casa Areciretina, deed of gift of, from Agapita to Probinus, annulled, ii. 11; this decree revoked, iv. 40.

Cassian, one of the founders of Western Monachism, Cassiodorus' qualified praises of, 55.

Cassiodorus (1), an Illustris, great-grandfather of Cassiodorus Senator, 3; history of, i. 4.

Cassiodorus (2), grandfather of Cassiodorus Senator, Tribunus and Notarius under Valentinian III, his embassy to Attila, 3; history of, i. 4.

Cassiodorus (3), father of Cassiodorus Senator, Comes Privatarum Rerum and Comes Sacrarum Largitionum under Odovacar, 3; Consularis of Sicily, 4; Corrector of Bruttii and Lucania, 4; Praetorian Praefect (cir. 500), 4, 12; Patrician (cir. 504), 4; frequently confused with his son, 11; his praises, i. 3, 4; a man of tried integrity and pure fidelity, i. 26; invited to visit Court of Theodoric, iii. 28.

CASSIODORUS, MAGNUS AURELIUS SENATOR, his position in history, 1, 2; his name, Cassiodorus or Cassiodorius (?), 5; Senator not a title, 5; his birthplace, Scyllacium, 6; date of his birth (cir. 480), 9-12; his love of Natural History, 12; ix. 24; appointed Consiliarius under his father, 12; his panegyric on Theodoric, 13, 16; appointed Quaestor, 14; ix. 24; his special utility, as Quaestor, to Theodoric, 15; his official correspondence, the 'VARIAE,' 16-19, 22-24; statesmanlike insight which led him to second Theodoric's policy, 20, 21; his religious tolerance, 22; duration of his Quaestorship, 25; his Consulship (514), 25; restores harmony between clergy and people of Rome, 25; Patrician, 27; his 'Chronicon,' its defective character, 27-29; his Gothic History, 29-35; ix. 25; appointed Magister Officiorum, 36; ix. 24; his services to the regent Amalasuentha, 38; provides ships and soldiers for the state, 38; appointed Praefectus Praetorio, 39; ix. 24; letters during his Praefecture, 42; continues in office after murder of Amalasuentha, 46; announces the elevation of Witigis, 49; his position during the first five years of the Gothic War, 50; he retires from office (538 or 539?), 51; probably did not meet Procopius, 51; edits the 'Variae,' 51, 52; writes the treatise 'De Anima,' 53, 450, 512; his reasons for publishing the 'Variae,' 133-140; letter written by himself to himself on receiving the Praetorian Praefecture, describing his many virtues, ix. 24; letters to the Senate on the same subject, ix. 25; xi. 1; his account of his occupations as Praetorian Praefect, 450; issues his Edict, xi. 8, 9; his own and his ancestors' services to Bruttii and Lucania, xi. 39; his praises of Scyllacium, xii. 15; resides at Ravenna (?) during the war, 506; retires to Scyllacium and founds two monasteries there, 54; probably never Abbot, 56; devotes the leisure of his monks to literature, 57; his relation to the Benedictines, 59; his merits as a transcriber of the Scriptures, 60; his Commentary on the Psalms, 60; on the Epistles, 61; his Tripartite History, 61; his 'Institutiones Divinarum et Humanarum Lectionum,' 62-65; his 'De Orthographia, 65, 66; his death, (575?), 66; his knowledge of Greek probably slight, 61; information derived from the 'Anecdoton Holderi' as to his life, 74, 84; editions of his works, 115-121; chronology of the life of, 122-130.

Castellius, Mons, near Scyllacium, monastery founded by Cassiodorus at, 55.

Castorius unjustly deprived of his property by Faustus, iii. 20.

Castrensis, Butler or Seneschal, 88, 91.

Catabulenses, freighters, transport masters, iv. 47; ordered to transport marbles from Pincian Hill to Ravenna, iii. 10.

Catana, walls of, to be repaired with stones of amphitheatre, iii. 49.

Cathalia (?), petition of inhabitants of, as to collection of Tertiae, i. 14.

Catos, the mob of the circus is not precisely a congregation of, i. 27; 'the father of Felix was the Cato of our times,' ii. 3.

Cellaritae, provision dealers (?), x. 28.

Celsina, see Curritana.

Censitores, tax-collectors, ix. 12.

Cethegus, Rufus Petronius Nicomachus, Consul (504), Magister Officiorum, Patrician, probably the person to whom the 'Anecdoton Holderi' was addressed, 76.

Chameleon, appearance and habits of, v. 34.

Chance, the world not governed by, xii. 25.

Chariot-race, effect of, on spectators, iii. 51; picture of, from Cilurnum gem, 231.

Cheese of Mount Sila described, xii. 12.

Chorda, the lyre so called 'quia facile corda moveat,' ii. 40.

Christmas Day (Natale Domini), promotions of Praefect's staff upon, xi. 17.

'Chronicon' of Cassiodorus, faulty character of the work, 28, 29.

Chrysargyron, tax on traders = 'lustralis auri collatio,' ii. 26 n.

Church, Dean, author of article on Cassiodorus, 121.

Cilurnum (Chesters in Northumberland), gem found at, representing chariot-race, 231.

Circus, factions of the, i. 20, 27, 30, 31; iii. 51.

Circus Maximus, description of, iii. 51; plan of, 227.

City and country life contrasted, viii. 31.

Civilitas, Theodoric's anxious care for, 20; description of, iv. 33; Theodahad exhorted to observe, iv. 39; for the sake of it even Jews are to be protected, v. 37; references to, iv. 41, 44; v. 31; vi. 5; ix. 14, 18, 19.

CLARISSIMUS, FORMULA CONFERRING RANK OF, vii. 38.

Clarissimus, title of ministers of the third rank, 91; epithet of Clarissimus conferred on all Senators, 91.

Clavicularii, gaolers, 114; under orders of Commentariensis, 104.

Climate, influence of, on character, xii. 15.

Cloacae of Rome, description of, iii. 30.

Clovis (Luduin), King of the Franks, date of letters to, 23, 24; Theodoric marches his troops against (508), i. 24; a harper sent to, chosen by Boethius, ii. 40; congratulated on victory over Alamanni, ii. 41; letter dissuading from war with Alaric II, iii. 3; called 'regius juvenis' by Theodoric, iii. 2; his overthrow of the Alamannic kingdom, 527.

Clusurae, mountain fastnesses, ii. 5, 19.

Codicilli Vacantes, vi. 10.

Coelianus, with Agapitus, seems to have had special jurisdiction in cases affecting Patricians, i. 23, 27.

Coemptio (purveyance) of wheat or lard not to be claimed from the citizens of Rhegium, xii. 14.

Cognitor, trier of causes, viii. 12; ix. 14, 18.

Cohortes, used of civil servants of Praetorian Praefect, xi. 36.

Coloni, apparent case of, reduced to slavery, viii. 28; 'coloni sunt qui agros jugiter colunt,' viii. 31.

Colossaeus, Illustris and Comes, appointed Governor of Pannonia Sirmiensis, iii. 23; pun on his name, iii. 24; rations ordered for him and his suite, iv. 13.

Colosseum described, v. 42.

COMES ARCHIATRORUM, FORMULA OF, vi. 19.

Comes, a Spectabilis, nature of his office (military), 90 n; relation of Comes to his Principes, vii. 25, 28.

COMES DOMESTICORUM (VACANS), FORMULA OF, vi. 11; Arator receives the rank of, viii. 12.

Comes Domorum, his functions, 88.

COMES FORMARUM, FORMULA OF, vii. 6.

COMES GOTHORUM, FORMULA OF, vii. 3; servants of, have oppressed Provincials of Suavia, v. 14; his dignity almost the only one peculiar to the Gothic state, 320.

COMES NEAPOLITANUS, FORMULA OF, vi. 23; reference to, vi. 24.

COMES PATRIMONII, FORMULA OF, vi. 9; references to, iv. 3, 15; Bergantinus as, ordered to transfer property to Theodahad, viii. 23; ordered to commence gold-mining in Bruttii, ix. 3; Willias (Comes Patrimonii) ordered to increase the pay of the Domestici, ix. 13.

COMES PORTUS URBIS ROMAE, FORMULA OF, vii. 9.

COMES PRIMI ORDINIS, FORMULA OF, vi. 12, 13; letter addressed to, ii. 28.

COMES PRINCIPIS MILITUM (?), FORMULA OF, vi. 25.

COMES PROVINCIAE, FORMULA OF, vii. 1.

COMES RAVENNAS, FORMULA OF, vii. 14.

COMES RERUM PRIVATARUM, FORMULA OF, vi. 8; an Illustris, 86; iv. 7; his functions, 89; office of, held by father of Argolicus, iii. 12; held by Senarius (510), iv. 13.

COMES ROMANUS, FORMULA OF, vii. 13.

Comes Sacrae Vestis, Keeper of the Wardrobe, 88.

COMES SACRARUM LARGITIONUM, FORMULA OF, vi. 7; an Illustris, 86; his functions, 88; orders given to, ii. 31; reports remissness of Venantius, iii. 8; office of, held by grandfather of Argolicus, iii. 12; Bina and Terna to be collected under his superintendence, vii. 21; Ambrosius held office of, viii. 13; Opilio, father and son, held office of, viii. 16; Cyprian held office of, v. 40.

COMES SECUNDI ORDINIS, FORMULA OF, vii. 26.

COMES SYRACUSANUS, FORMULA OF, vi. 22 (see also ix. 11, 14).

Comitatus of the King, litigants summoned to, i. 7; iv. 44, 45; v. 12, 32; presence of in Liguria requires extraordinary supply of provisions, ii. 20; the place 'ubi et innocentia perfugium et calumniatores jus possunt invenire districtum,' iv. 9; meant to be a blessing to his subjects, iv. 40; recourse to it by a distant suitor not compulsory, iv. 40; journey of the Heruli to, iv. 45; always ready for redress of grievances, v. 15; Nimfadius journeying to, viii. 32.

Comites of Pavia, iv. 45.

COMITIACUS (officer of the law courts), FORMULA BESTOWING HONORARY RANK ON, vi. 13; Stabularius, Comitiacus, v. 6; Florentinus, Vir Devotus, Comitiacus, viii. 7.

Commentariensis (or Commentarisius), officer in Court of Praetorian Praefect, nature of his functions, 104-106; Cheliodorus appointed, xi. 28.

Commonitorium, iii. 19; vii. 22.

Como, City and Lake of, the praises of, xi. 14.

COMPETITORES, FORMULA CONCERNING, vii. 44.

Compulsor, officer employed to compel payment of taxes, xii. 8.

Compurgation, evidences of a practice similar to, ix. 14 (p. 397).

Computus Paschalis, tract on determination of Easter, attributed to Cassiodorus, 10, 11.

Comum (Como), theft of brazen statue at, ii. 35, 36.

Concordia (Caorle), contributions of wine and wheat from, remitted, xii. 26.

Conductores, farmers of royal domain, losses of, in Apulia, i. 16; in Spain, v. 39.

Confiscated property, manner of asserting claims of Crown to, iv. 32.

Consiliarius (Assessor), nature of the office, 12, 13; Cassiodorus appointed to office of, 12.

Constantinople, character of diplomatists of, ii. 6; Cyprian's mission to, v. 41.

Constantius, Bishop, his petition as to spoliation of the Church, iv. 20.

Constantius, a farmer, unjustly reduced to slavery by Tanca, viii. 28.

CONSULARIS, FORMULA OF, vi. 20; of Liguria, xii. 8.

CONSULSHIP, FORMULA OF, vi. 1; of Cassiodorus (514), 25-26; of reigning Emperors, 28 n; of Felix, ii. 1, 2, 3; of Maximus, not to prevent his filling lower offices afterwards, x. 12.

Consuls, Eastern and Western, order of precedence of, in the Fasti, 122.

Consumption cured by milk of the cows on Mons Lactarius, xi. 10.

Corn, restraints on exportation of, i. 34; traffic in, for Southern Italy, regulated, ii. 26; traffic in, from western coast of Italy to Gaul, iv. 5, 7; traffic in, from Spain to Rome, v. 35; forestalling and regrating of, prohibited, ix. 5; sale of, at reduced price, in Liguria and Venetia, x. 27; distribution of, in Rome, xi. 5; sale of, at reduced price, to citizens of Milan, xii. 27.

Cornicularius, his position on the official staff of the Praetorian Praefect, 97; nature of his functions, 97-102; must be chosen from the Augustales, 110; Antianus vacates office of, xi. 18, 19; retired, to be pensioned, xi. 36.

Corrector (lowest grade of Provincial Governor) of Bruttii and Lucania, iii. 8.

Cosilinum (? Padula), a city of Lucania, viii. 33.

Costula, a free Goth, complains that servile tasks are imposed on him by Guduim, v. 30.

Cubiculum = royal treasury, v. 44; 'libra cubiculi nostri' = the standard pound, v. 39.

Cunigast (or Conigast), Vir Illustris, evil character of, according to Boethius, 376; ordered to administer justice between Tanca and his poorer neighbours, viii. 28.

Cura Epistolarum, officer charged with copying letters on fiscal matters, 109.

Cura Epistolarum Canonicarum, Constantinian appointed, xi. 23.

CURA PALATII, FORMULA OF, vii. 5.

CURATOR OF A CITY, FORMULA OF, vii. 12.

Curia, called by Antiquity Minor Senatus, ii. 18; vi. 3; ix. 2.

CURIALIS, FORMULA DIRECTING SALE OF PROPERTY OF, vii. 47.

Curiales, condition of, ii. 18; conflict between Curial and Ecclesiastical obligations, ii. 18; have to make good the Senators' deficiencies in payment of taxes, ii. 24; 'sordid burdens' = Curial obligations (?), ii. 28; of Aestunae, iii. 9; penalty on Jovinus for killing a fellow-curial, iii. 47; might be punished with stripes by Praetorian Praefect, vi. 3; oppression of, forbidden by Edictum Athalarici, ix. 2; of Adriana, i. 19; of Catana, iii. 49; of Forum Livii, iv. 8; of Velia (?), iv. 11; of Ticinum, iv. 45; of Suavia, iv. 49; v. 14; of Neapolis, vi. 24; of Liguria, xii. 8; FORMULA ADDRESSED TO, vii. 27; family of, permitted to descend from the Curia, ix. 4.

Currency, wickedness of depreciating, i. 10; vii. 32.

CURRITANA INSULA ET CELSINA (two of the Lipari Islands), FORMULA FOR THE COMES OF, vii. 16.

Cursus Publicus, Postal-service, 37; transferred from Praetorian Praefect to Magister Officiorum, 99, 302; vi. 3, 6; under Regerendarius, 109; letter as to, i. 29; abuses of, to be reformed by the Sajo Gudisal, iv. 47; by Sajo Mannila, v. 5; abuses of, in Spain, v. 39; citizens of Scyllacium not to be harassed by, xii. 15.

Cyprian, Vir Illustris, Count of the Sacred Largesses (524-525), his character and appointment to above office, v. 40, 41; viii. 16; his services as Referendarius, v. 40; his mission to Constantinople, v. 40; his accusation of Albinus and Boethius, 289, 291, 363, 369; raised to honour of Patricate, viii. 21, 22.

D.

Dahn, Felix (author of 'Koenige der Germanen'), quoted, 119, 152, 155, 165, 177, 180, 182, 183, 184, 197, 198, 202, 204, 206, 207, 209, 216, 221, 236, 240, 242, 248, 269, 282, 287, 320, 341, 350 n, 353 n, 356, 361, 370 n, 372, 375, 401, 403, 435, 437 n.

Daila, a free Goth, complains that servile tasks are imposed on him by Duke Guduim, v. 30.

Dalmatia, Simeon appointed to collect arrears of taxation from, iii. 25; iron mining in, iii. 25; Epiphanius Consularis of, v. 24; address of Athalario to Goths settled in, viii. 4; Arator sent on an embassy from Provincials of, to Theodoric, viii. 12; Osuin appointed Governor of, ix. 8, 9.

Danube, River, 'made a Roman stream by Amalasuentha, xi. 1.

Datius, Bishop of Milan, made steward of the King's bounty to the citizens, xii. 27. (For his history, see 522.)

Davus receives sick-leave to visit Mons Lactarius, xi. 10.

Death, the inconvenience of, 'comperimus dromonarios viginti et unum de constituto numero mortis incommodo fuisse subtractos,' iv. 15.

Decennonium, Marsh of, drained by Decius, ii. 32, 33.

Decennovial Canal mentioned by Procopius, 188.

Decii, Lay of the, recited at school, iii. 6; family of Liberius and Paulinas descended from, ix. 22, 23.

Decius, Caecina Maurus Basilius, Illustris, ex-Praefect of the City, and ex-Praetorian Praefect, undertakes to drain the Marsh of Decennonium, ii. 32, 33; one of the Quinque-viri appointed to try Basilius and Praetextatus (?), iv. 22, 23.

Decoratus (Vir Devotus), brother of Honoratus, appointed Quaestor, his character and early death, v. 3, 4; conflicting testimony of Boethius and Ennodius as to, 267 n; instructions to, as to arrears of Siliquaticum, v. 31.

Decuriae, guilds of copying-clerks, &c., connected with administration of justice, 277.

Defensor, Gothic soldier of a Roman noble, iv. 27, 28.

DEFENSOR OF A CITY, FORMULA OF, vii. 11.

Defensores of Church of Milan, ii. 30; of Aestunae, iii. 9; of the sacrosanct Roman Church, iii. 45; of Catena, iii. 49; of Ticinum, iv. 45; of Suavia, iv. 49; v. 14.

'Defloratis prosperitatibus,' meaning of this phrase, used by Cassiodorus of his Gothic History, 137 n.

Degeniatus = (apparently) stripped of official rank, xii. 10.

Delegatoria, warrant for increased rations consequent on promotion, xi. 33, 35.

Denarius, puzzling passage as to relation of to solidus, i. 10.

Deputati, fifteen shorthand writers of the highest class, appropriated to the Emperor's service, 111; xi. 30.

Dertona (Tortona), fortification of, i. 17; corn warehouse at, to be opened, x. 27; xii. 27.

Diceneus, philosopher-king of Dacia, perhaps Cassiodorus' ideal of a king, 32.

Dionysius 'Exiguus,' author of our present chronology, a colleague of Cassiodorus in his literary enterprises, 64.

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, chief authority on the Roman chariot-races, 230.

Discussores, assessors of taxes, iv. 38.

Documents not to be tampered with by the Scribe, xii. 21.

Domestici, life-guardsmen attached to the Provincial Governors, to receive larger pay, ix. 13.

Domitian, office of Master of the Horse abolished by, 99.

Domitius, Spectabilis, has received a concession for drainage of land which he is too parsimonious to take full advantage of, ii. 21; complains of seizure of his estates by Theodahad, iv. 39.

Domus Palmata, near the Forum, iv. 30.

Donativum, see Largesse.

Drainage concession to Spes and Domitius, ii. 21.

Drill, need of, exemplified, i. 40.

Dromonarii, rowers in express boats, ii. 31; twenty-one dead, iv. 15.

Dromones, express boats, one thousand to be built, v. 16.

Druentia (Durance), River, frontier of Ostrogothic and Burgundian Monarchies, 218; provisions for garrisons upon, iii. 41.

Dux, a military officer of the rank of Spectabilis, his relation to the Comes, 90 n.

DUX RAETIARUM, FORMULA OF, vii. 4.

E.

Eastern Empire, Amalasuentha's relations with, xi. 1.

Ecclesiastical privileges and immunities, i. 9, 26; ii. 29, 30; iii. 14, 37, 45; iv. 17, 20; viii. 24; ix. 15, 16; x. 26, 34; xii. 13, 20; conflict between Ecclesiastical and Curial obligations, ii. 18.

Ecdicius, sons of, allowed to leave Rome to bury their father, ii. 22.

Edictum Athalarici, ix. 2, 18, 19, 20.

Edictum Theodorici, published by Nivellius, from a MS. belonging to Pithou, 116; punishment for adulterers according to, 283, 403; permission to parents to sell their children, 382 n.

Egregii, fifth rank in Imperial service, 92; not mentioned by Cassiodorus, 92.

Elephant, natural history of the, x. 30; brazen images of, in Via Sacra, x. 30.

Eloquence the special product of Rome—'Aliae regiones vina, balsama et olentia thura transmittant: Roma tradit eloquium, quo suavius nil sit auditum,' x. 7.

Endive of Bruttii has not the bitter fibres spoken of by Virgil, xii. 14.

Ennodius, Magnus Felix, Bishop of Ticinum (died 516), information given by, as to Boethius, 79 n; information as to Alamannic refugees, 195; his testimony to character of Decoratus, 267 n; addressed his 'Paraenesis' to Ambrosius, 358.

Epiphanius employed by Cassiodorus to assist him in the compilation of 'Historia Tripartita,' 61.

Eufrasius the Acolyte sold a house at Rome to Pope Simplicius, iii. 45.

Eugenius, Vir Illustris, receives the dignity of Master of the Offices, i. 12, 13; possibly alluded to, viii. 19 (see note).

Euric, King of the Visigoths (466-485), father of Alaric II, taxation in his time, v. 39.

Eustorgius, Bishop of Milan, his petition for protection to Milanese Church granted, ii. 29.

Eutharic, husband of Amalasuentha, Consulship of (519), 27, 28; adopted as son in arms by Justin, viii. 1.

Evans, Arthur J., on the topography of Squillace, 9, 68-72.

Exceptores, shorthand writers, 104, 110, 111; xi. 25; charged a fee for the bad paper which they supplied to suitors, 483 n.

Exormiston, a kind of lamprey (?), xii. 4, 14.

Expeditio, derivation of, i. 17.

F.

Famine, provisions for relief of, x. 27; unusual appearances foreboding the famine of 538, xii. 25; in Liguria to be relieved, xii. 28.

Faustus, Praetorian Praefect, Illustris, rebuked for his delay in sending corn from south of Italy to Rome, 17-19; i. 35; embassy of, to Constantinople (493), 23; Consulship of, 122; severely censured for his oppression of Castorius, iii. 20, 28; sent into the country for change of air, iii. 21; oppression of Joannes (?), iii. 27.

Faustus the younger, son of the above, i. 41; enquiry into character of, on his admission to the Senate, i. 41.

Faventia (Faenza), blocks of marble to be forwarded to Ravenna from, v. 8.

Felix III, Pope (526-530), election of, in deference to recommendation of Theodoric, viii. 15.

Felix (apparently a native of Milan), appointed Quaestor (527), viii. 18, 19; his pedigree, viii. 19.

Felix, Vir Clarissimus, accused by Venantius of defrauding the minor Plutianus, i. 7, 8.

Felix, Consul with Secundinus (511), his character and elevation to the Consulship, ii. 1, 2, 3; ordered to give largesse to charioteers of Milan, iii. 39.

Felix, Consul with Taurus (428), 173.

Felix, an assistant (probably Vices Agens), to Cassiodorus in the discharge of his duties as Praetorian Praefect, 450.

Feltria (Feltre), inhabitants of, to assist in erection of new city in district of Tridentum, v. 9.

Festus, embassy of, to Constantinople (497), 23; chosen by Agnellus to defend his interests in his absence, i. 15; his claims against Paulinus, i. 23.

Fidei-jussor, guarantor, i. 37; ii. 13; xi. 4.

Filagrius, Vir Spectabilis, petition of, as to his nephew's detention in Rome, i. 39.

'Filius per arma,' adoption of, iv. 2.

Firminus, complaints of, against Venantius, iii. 36.

Fiscus Gothorum, rights of, i. 19; its claims not to be pressed unduly, i. 22.

Fiscus, rights of, as to Castrum Lucullanum, viii. 25; rights of, to estates of deceased persons (Fiscus Caducus), ix. 14.

Fishermen, not to be enlisted for the navy, v. 16; their nets not to be allowed to hinder navigation of rivers, v. 17, 20.

Fishes, natural history of: the echeneis or sucking-fish, 18; i. 35; shell-fish of Indian Ocean, their power of arresting vessels, 18; i. 35; torpedo, its numbing touch, 18; i. 35; dolphins, habits of, iii. 48; echinus, 'that honey of flesh, that dainty of the deep,' iii. 48; the strange habits of the pike and the wrasse, xi. 40; in the fishponds (vivaria) of Scyllacium, xii. 15; the anchorage, exormiston, &c., xii. 4, 14.

Flaminian Way, edict regulating prices upon the, xi. 12; to be put in order for the King's passage, xii. 18.

Flavianus, Virius Nicomachus, Consul Suffectus (394), ancestor of Symmachus, 78; a leader of the heathen party in the Senate, 78; author of a Roman History, 78.

Formulae, reasons given by Cassiodorus for composing, 138.

Fornerius, notes of, on Cassiodorus, 116.

Forojulii (Cividale), contributions of wine and wheat from, remitted, xii. 26.

Forum Livii (Forli), inhabitants of, to transport timber to Alsuanum, iv. 8.

Franks, the, dispute of with Burgundians (533), viii. 10; war between Amalasuentha and, xi. 1.

Franz, Adolph, author of 'M. Aurel. Cassiodorius Senator,' 119.

Fraudulent shipowners punished, v. 35.

Frontinus (cir. A.D. 97), author of 'Strategematicon' and 'De Aquaeductibus,' quoted by Lydus, 97.

Frontosus has embezzled a large sum of public money, v. 34; his evasions and slippery character, v. 34.

'Furtivae actiones,' those concerned in, to be punished, v. 39.

Fuscus, appointed Praetorian Praefect by Domitian, 99.

G.

Garet, F.J., his edition of Cassiodorus, 117; his ecclesiastical bias, 217.

Garismatium, a place supplying garum, 514 n.

Garum, a kind of sauce, 514 n.

Gaul, summons to the Goths to take up arms for invasion of, i. 24; Gemellus appointed Governor of, iii. 16; address to Theodoric's subjects in, iii. 17; remission of taxation in, iii. 32, 40; iv. 19, 36; especial desire of Theodoric for good government of, iii. 38; famine in, to be relieved from Italy, iv. 5, 7; placed under government of Arigern (probably before Gemellus), iv. 16; Gepid troops ordered for defence of, v. 10, 11; peace of, disturbed by Gesalic, v. 43; Athalaric's accession announced to his subjects in, viii. 6, 7.

Gemellus, Senator, appointed Governor of Gaul, iii. 16, 17; instructions to, iii. 32, 41; iv. 12, 19, 21.

Genesius, Vir Spectabilis, directed to reform the sanitary condition of Parma, viii. 30.

Genoa, Jews living at, ii. 27.

Gensemund, an example of fidelity to the Amal race, viii. 9; his history mysterious, 354 n.

Gentilis, barbarian, i. 46; ii. 16; viii. 22.

Gentilitas, barbarism, misery of, iii. 17.

Geometry, origin of, iii. 52.

Gepidae, ordered for defence of Gaul, to march peaceably through Northern Italy, v. 10, 11; extraordinarily high rate of pay of (?), v. 11.

Germanus, his complaint against Bishop Peter, iii. 37.

Gesalic, natural son of Alaric II, sheltered by Thrasamund, King of the Vandals, v. 43, 44.

Getae, confusion of, with Goths, 31, 32.

Gibbon, on the 'Variae,' 120; as to character of accusers of Boethius, 365; as to Theodoric's participation in murder of Amalasuentha, 433 n.

Gildias, Vir Spectabilis, Count of Syracuse, rebuked for oppression of the Sicilians, ix. 14 (see also ix. 11).

Godomar, King of the Burgundians (524-534), 456 n.

Gold-mining in Bruttii, ix. 3.

Gothic History of Cassiodorus, estimate of, by its author, 29, 30, 137; ix. 25; purpose of, 30; Jordanes' abstract of, 34.

Gothic law for Gothic men (?), vii. 3; viii. 3; not for Romans, ix. 14.

Goths, delight of in war, i. 24; manner of training young, i. 38; disputes between, and Romans, in Samnium, to be settled by Sunhivad, iii. 13; Pannonia of old the dwelling of, iii. 23; in Picenum and Tuscia evading payment of taxes, iv. 14; ancestors of (Guttones), dealers in amber, 266; in Picenum and Samnium summoned to royal presence, v. 26, 27; free Gothic warriors enslaved, v. 29, 30; degrading services not to be claimed from, v. 39; disputes with Romans, how to be decided, vii. 3; relation of Gothic Comes to his Roman staff, vii. 25; oath between, and Romans on Athalaric's accession, viii. 7; settled at Reate and Nursia, viii. 26; indignant at the murder of Amalafrida, ix. 1; 'Gothorum laus est civilitas custodita,' ix. 14; dissensions between Gothic soldiers and Roman populace, x. 14; raise Witigis on the shield as King, 'indicamus parentes nostros Gothos inter procinctuales gladios, more majorum, scuto supposito, regalem nobis contulisse, praestante Deo, dignitatem,' x. 31.

Gout, a living death, x. 29.

Graius (?), Senatorial rank conferred on, vi. 14.

Grammarians, twelve eminent, quoted by Cassiodorus, 65; salaries of, to be increased, ix. 21.

Granaries in Rome, repair of, iii. 29.

Gravasiani (?), iv. 38.

Green party in the Circus, complaint made by, i. 20; complaint against Theodoric (the Patrician) and Importunus, i. 27; mentioned, i. 32, 33; rivalry of with the Blues, iii. 51.

Gregory of Tours, incompleteness of his history of Clovis, 24.

Gregory the Great, Pope (590-604), as to wine called Palmatiana, 500 n.

Griffins dig for gold, and delight in contemplation of that metal, ix. 3.

GUARD AT THE GATES OF A CITY, FORMULA RESPECTING, vii. 29.

Guardianship of orphans delegated by Theodoric, i. 36; of the young Hilarius not to be protracted, i. 38.

Gudelina, wife of Theodahad, letters of, to Theodora, x. 20, 21, 23; letter of, to Justinian, x. 24; doubtful allusion of, to murder of Amalasuentha, x. 20.

Gudila accused of enslaving Ocer, a blind Goth, v. 29.

Guduim, Sajo, v. 27; Vir Sublimis and Dux, v. 30; accused of imposing servile tasks on Costula and Daila, v. 30.

Gundibad (Gundobad), King of the Burgundians (473-516), Theodoric sends him a water-clock and sundial, i. 45, 46; Theodoric asks him to assist in reconciling Clovis and Alaric, iii. 2; called 'senex' by Theodoric, iii. 2.

H.

Haesti, or Aestii, inhabitants of Esthonia, send present of amber to Theodoric, v. 2.

Hannibal, death of, iii. 47.

Hasdingi (Hasdirigi?), or Asdingi, royal family of the Vandals, honoured by alliance with the Amals, ix. 1.

Heliodorus, a relative of Cassiodorus, Praefect in the Eastern Empire, i. 4.

Helladius, candidate for office of Pantomimist, i. 20; ordered to come forth and amuse the people, i. 32.

Heracleanus, Presbyter, messenger from Justinian to Theodahad, x. 25.

Herminafrid, King of the Thuringians, married to Amalabirga, niece of Theodoric, iv. 1.

Heruli, King of, appealed to by Theodoric to prevent war between Clovis and Alaric, iii. 3; King of, adopted as Theodoric's son by right of arms, iv. 2; to receive provisions at Ticinum on their journey to Ravenna, iv. 45.

Hilarius, a young Goth, grandson of Baion, i. 38; to be allowed to enter on enjoyment of his property, i. 38.

Hilderic, King of the Vandals (523-531), murders Amalafrida, widow of his predecessor, ix. 1.

Histrius (or Historius), ii. 9.

Homer quoted, as to travels of Ulysses, i. 39; as to Priam's request for the body of Hector, ii. 22.

Homo; Theodosius is addressed by Theodahad as Homo suus; meaning of the term (?), x. 5.

'Honesta missio' of the Theodosian Code illustrated by, v. 36.

Honoratus, Vir Illustris, brother of Decoratus, appointed Quaestor; his character, v. 3, 4.

Hormisdas, Pope (514-523), election of during Consulship of Cassiodorus, 26.

Horses, description of, sent as a present by the King of the Thuringians, iv. 1.

Hostilia, on the Po, place of rendezvous for the dromonarii, ii. 31.

Hot-springs of Abano described, ii. 39.

Hydruntum, or Hydron (Otranto), chief seat of the purple manufacture, i. 2.

I.

Ibbas, General of Theodoric in Gaul (perhaps the person to whom iv. 17 is addressed), 253.

Ides of June (June 13th), sailors and ships to meet at Ravenna on, v. 19, 20; eighth day before (June 6th), Goths to come to Ravenna for their largesse upon, v. 26.

ILLUSTRATUS VACANS, FORMULA OF, vi. 11.

Illustres, highest class of Ministers; who belonged to it? 86-90; was an Illustris once, always an Illustris? 89; were the Consuls Illustres? 90.

Illyricum, alleged loss of, under Placidia, xi. 1.

Imperium, used of the Gothic kingdom, xii. 28.

Importunus, Illustris and Consul (509), accused of assaulting the Green party at the Circus, i. 27.

Importunus, Vir Illustris and Patrician, Consul (509), descended from the Decii, iii. 5; incident of the recitation of Lay of the Decii, iii. 5.

Indictions, mode of reckoning by, 123-125; remission of taxes at, i. 16.

Indulgentia, an amnesty to prisoners, xi. 40.

Inquilina persists in harassing Benatus with litigation, iv. 37.

Interpretium not to be exacted from Apulian corn-merchants, ii. 26.

Intestate property of widow claimed by the State, v. 24 (see also vi. 8); property of an African claimed by a fellow-countryman, xii. 9.

Iron, mines of, in Dalmatia, iii. 25; praises of, iii. 25.

Istria, Province of, large harvests of wine, oil, and corn in, xii. 22; extraordinary requisition from, xii. 22; plentiful yield of wine in, xii. 26.

Italy, ought to enjoy her own products, ii. 12; western coast of, exports corn to Gaul, iv. 5.

J.

Januarius, Secretary of Joannes, iv. 32.

Januarius, Assessor of taxes, iv. 38.

Jews, of Genoa, permitted to rebuild but not enlarge their synagogue, ii. 27; their privileges confirmed, iv. 33; synagogue of, at Rome, burned by the mob, iv. 43; Christian servants of, punished for murdering their masters, iv. 43; of Milan, protected from molestation, v. 37.

Joanna, widow of Andreas, intestacy of, v. 24.

Joannes, Vir Spectabilis, Referendarius, receives gift of property at Castrum Lucullanum from Tulum, confirmed by Athalaric, viii. 25.

Joannes, Cancellarius (533-534), xi. 6; appointed Praerogativarius, xi. 27.

Joannes, mortgagee of property of Tupha, iv. 32.

Joannes, Vir Clarissimus, Arcarius (perhaps same as preceding), pays off the debt of his father-in-law Thomas, and takes his property in Apulia, v. 6, 7.

Joannes, Arch-Physician, unjust judgment against, reversed, iv. 41.

John II, Pope (Jan. 1, 533—May 27, 535), letter to, against simony at Papal elections, ix. 15; report from, as to imprisonment of Roman citizens, ix. 17; Cassiodorus sends greeting to, on his promotion, xi. 2.

John complains that the Bishop of Salona has taken 60 tuns of oil from him, iii. 7.

John, Spectabilis, ordered to enquire into abuses connected with aqueducts of Rome, iii. 31.

Jordanes, relation of his book 'De Rebus Geticis' to the Gothic History of Cassiodorus, 34; his quotations from Symmachus' History, 78; as to 'Capillati' among the Getae, 260 n; as to Goths by the Baltic Sea, 266; as to threatened war between Goths and Franks, 402.

Joseph, the Patriarch, office of Praetorian Praefect derived from, vi. 3; alluded to, x. 27; precautions of, against Egyptian famine, xii. 25; his bargain with the starving Egyptians criticised, xii. 28.

Jovinus banished to the Lipari Islands for murder of a fellow-curial, iii. 47.

Judges to visit each town once in the year, and not to claim more than three days' maintenance, v. 14.

Julianus complains of injuries received from the servants of Bishop Aurigenes, iii. 14.

Julian, Count and Illustris, Tata is ordered to conduct recruits to, v. 23.

Justin, Emperor (518-527), Athalaric announces his accession to, viii. 1.

Justinian, Emperor (527-566), his negotiations with Amalasuentha, 43; with Theodahad, 46, 47; Amalasuentha announces her son's death and the association of Theodahad to, x. 1, 2; present of marbles from Amalasuentha to, x. 8, 9; letters of Theodahad to, x. 15, 19, 22, 25, 26; letter of Gudelina to, x. 24; letter of Witigis to, x. 32; his interference on bt half of a heavily taxed monastery, x. 26; on behalf of Veranilda, a Catholic convert, x. 26; petition of Senate to, xi. 13.

L.

Lactarius, Mons (Monte Lettere), description of, xi. 10; health-resort for consumptive patients, xi. 10.

Land surveying among the Romans, iii. 52.

Lard not to be exported from Italy, ii. 12.

Largesse (Regalia Dona, Donativum), Goths summoned to Court to receive, on the Ides of June, v. 26, 27; Starcedius' donative stopped on his retirement from service, v. 36.

Laurentius, Presbyter, accused of rifling graves, iv. 18.

Laurentius, Vir Experientissimus, ordered to collect in Istria stores of wine, oil, and corn for Ravenna, xii. 22, 23, 24.

Lawsuits not to be interminable, i. 5.

LEAVE OF ABSENCE, TEMPORARY, FORMULA COMMEATALIS AD TEMPUS, vii. 36.

Lenormant, his work 'La Grande Grece' quoted, 7, 8, 71.

Leodifrid, see under Sajo.

Leontius, Vir Spectabilis, his dispute about boundaries with Paschasius, iii. 52.

Leontius, Praefecture of, 105.

Letters, origin of, from imitation of flight of cranes, viii. 12.

Leucothea, Fountain of, its marvellous qualities, viii. 33.

Liber, derivation of, xi. 38.

Liberius (1), Praetorian Praefect under Theodoric (493-500), 16; ii. 15, 16; his fidelity to Odovacar, ii. 16; conduct in assignment of 'Tertiae,' ii. 16; father of Venantius, ii. 15; arranged gift from Theodoric to ex-Emperor (?) Romulus, iii. 35.

Liberius (2), Spectabilis (possibly son of preceding), complains of unjust judgment by Marabad, iv. 47.

Liberius (3), Senator, sent as ambassador by Theodahad to Justinian, 45.

Liberius (4, probably same as No. 3), Patrician, Praetorian Praefect of the Gauls (526), viii. 6; xi. 1.

Liberius (5), second husband of Aetheria, iv. 12.

Lictor, apostrophised by Cassiodorus in his 'Indulgentia,' xi. 40.

Liguria, Province of, ships ordered from Ravenna to, ii. 20; the Gepidae on their way to Gaul to march peaceably through, v. 10, 11; obscure allusion to troubles in, viii. 16; famine in 'Liguria industriosa' to be relieved by corn-distribution, x. 27; relief of 'devota Liguria,' xi. 15, 16; Consularis of, addressed, xii. 8; invaded by the Burgundians, xii. 28; plunder-raid of Alamanni into, xii. 28; famine in, relieved, xii. 28.