The work begins with an account of his birth and boyhood in Frederick Town on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, where Frederick Douglas was born. There is much information about the life of Frederick Town referring to particular places along the rivers and bays and various persons who figured in the life of these people. Bishop Coppin directs attention to the social, moral and intellectual condition of the State at the time of his birth, giving full account of the religious atmosphere in which he lived and the particular strivings of his oppressed people.

Leaving this phase of the story one finds the book more interesting in that part discussing the events leading up to the Civil War and the role which the Negroes played in that drama. The sketch of the situation after the Civil War is equally well set forth because of the increasing power of the author during this period to appreciate and participate in the larger things which concerned the Negro people. His call to the ministry, service in various fields and the election to the bishopric add further interest to the story. How in his travels in this country and abroad men and things impressed him, constitute another value of the autobiography. The book closes with a chapter giving a view of the domestic life of Bishop Coppin, making honorable mention of his family.

For the popular reader this book may appear to be distinctly rough in style and certain details may prove to be tiresome in that the author omitted a good many things that some persons might want to learn and drifted into those things which, by the average reader, may not be considered worth while. On the whole, however, the scientific student will find this autobiography just what it is entitled, Unwritten History. Here is an opportunity to learn of the struggles of a Negro during the period of great handicap and to understand his reaction to what was going on in the world about him. It will be from such biographies that some one in the future will have to write an actual history of the Negro race to set forth exactly what this group has thought and felt and done. A book of this sort, therefore, must have a value. It is to be hoped that other distinguished churchmen and Negroes who have thus touched the life of the race will emulate the example of Bishop Coppin in leaving a written record.

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Negro Migration during the War. By EMMETT J. SCOTT, Secretary-Treasurer of Howard University. Oxford University Press, New York, 1920. Pp. 189.

Under the imprint of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and the Editorship of Professor Kinley, Mr. Emmett J. Scott has brought out a monograph study of Negro Migration during the War, based upon the careful and wisely distributed observation and records of several collaborative agents and agencies. The subject is of too great and too immediate economic and social importance to have waited for the final interpretation as to results or the finer analysis as to causes which must ultimately be given it. The entire series, in fact, modestly styles itself a series of preliminary economic studies; and as such, Volume XVI presents a sanely proportioned, clearly expounded, and systematic survey of the vital and outstanding facts of one of the most significant movements in the recent economic life of America.

Profounder consequences may ensue from this movement of the Negro population, which, though started by war conditions, has by no means halted with the war, than can be realized on superficial observation. In this light, Mr. Scott's diagnosis is as important as his chronicle of the facts. The reaction of the Negro masses away from untoward and repressing social conditions and their awakening to the simple but effective expedient of carrying their labor to better markets, are the significantly new features of the after-war aspects of the Negro problem. Economic adjustment, in most respects automatic—and fortunately so—would be the controlling factor were there not considerable evidence to show that the efficient causes of the movement are social. In which case, as the concluding chapter suggests, better living conditions, a more liberal social attitude, improved interracial feeling will prove to be the only stabilizing remedy. That the South has awakened to the realization of this, and is about to apply to the situation more constructive and well-intentioned effort than hitherto, is the confident belief and optimistic message of the writer.

Reactions and effects of the Exodus upon northern community conditions have not been gone into as thoroughly as the reactions upon conditions in the South; though there is evidence pointing on the whole to salutary effects in both sections. Certainly the study serves to call timely attention without undue alarmist effect to very momentous changes, and should be read by every alert, public-minded citizen.

In such delicate issues, however, facts outweigh opinions. Mr. Scott has wisely struck the balance in favor of a dispassionate recital of facts. It is a positive gain and welcome change of tone in the recent discussion of racial issues to note in this study, as in Carl Sandburg's Chicago Riots, the growing tendency to be objective and to leave conclusions to the intelligence of one's readers. Indeed, since it is facts that are of paramount interest, it is regrettable that, with the great resources of the foundation, more explicit statistics concerning the movement could not have been compiled. It is this aspect of the subject which in consequence calls for further treatment. Without the scientific pretensions, therefore, of Mr. Epstein's intensive study of the Negro migrant or Dr. Woodson's historical survey, the book, as a capable popular treatment of the public questions and social issues involved in the recent migration of the Negro population, serves its own distinctive purpose, and achieves a measure of real public service.

ALAIN LOCKE.



NOTES

On the 18th and 19th of November the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History will hold its annual meeting in Washington. This will be a convocation of teachers and scholars throughout the United States, now giving attention to research and instruction in this field. The management of the Association is endeavoring to make this meeting one of the most representative ever assembled.

The purpose of the meeting is to promote the collection of sociological and historical documents, to stimulate studies in this field through clubs and schools, and finally to bring about more harmony between the races by interpreting the one to the other.

The reports of the work accomplished by the Association during the past year will be made, further plans for the more successful prosecution of the work will be devised and a number of instructive addresses will be delivered by some of the most distinguished men of the country.

Among the speakers will be A. B. Hart, Professor of History at Harvard University, Franz Boas, Professor of Ethnology at Columbia University, L. Hollingsworth Wood, President of the Urban League, and Oswald Garrison Villard, the Editor of the Nation. These addresses will cover almost every phase of Negro life and history.

* * * * *

Three important works bearing on the Negro have recently come from the press. Among these are The Voice of the Negro, by Robert T. Kerlin, Professor of English, Virginia Military Institute, published by E. P. Dutton and Company, New York; The Negro Faces America, by Herbert J. Seligman, formerly a member of the editorial staff of the New York Evening Times and the New Republic, published by Harper and Brothers, New York; and the Republic of Liberia, being a general description of the Negro republic with its history, commerce, agriculture, flora and fauna, and present methods of administration, by R. C. F. Maugham, Consul General at Monrovia, published by Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Reviews of these books will appear in the next number of the Journal of Negro History.

The United States in Our Times, 1865-1920, by Paul L. Haworth, is the title of a work recently brought out by Charles Scribner's Sons. Covering the period during which the Negroes have had a chance to play a part in freedom, it contains some information and comment which will be mentioned in this publication.

During the academic year 1920-1921 Dr. C. G. Woodson will, in the capacity of Dean, reorganize the College Department of the West Virginia Collegiate Institute. He will endeavor to finish this work during one or two years, at the expiration of which he plans to devote all of his time to research and publication. This new task of the Director will not necessitate any change in the management of the Journal of Negro History. The editorial office will remain in Washington as formerly.

* * * * *

[Transcriber's Notes:

Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings and other inconsistencies.

The transcriber noted the following issues and made changes as indicated to the text to correct obvious errors:

1. p. 6, Duplicate footnote markers for footnote #20 2. p. 30, beseiged —> besieged 3. p. 60, heriditary —> hereditary 4. p. 67, Duplicate footnote markers for footnote #6 5. p. 68, not the case. —> not the case." 6. p. 70, No footnote marker for footnote #9. 7. p. 71, Multiple footnote markers for footnote #10 8. p. 71,72, Multiple footnote markers for footnote #11 9. p. 72,73, Multiple footnote markers for footnote #12 10. p. 76, No footnote marker for footnote #14. 11. p. 82, No footnote marker for footnote #21. 12. p. 89, Convenion —> Convention 13. p. 104, Gleaves —> Gleaves, 14. p. 104, Thomas —> Thomas, 15. p. 115, Misisssippi —> Mississippi 16. p. 121, goverenment —> government 17. p. 124, He said: There —> He said: "There 18. p. 184, chieflly —> chiefly 19. p. 187, esitmate —> estimate 20. p. 194, serivce —> service 21. p. 223, Footnote #30, Drewery —>Drewry 22. p. 243, Leglistature —> Legislature 23. p. 263, Signé) —> (Signé) 24. p. 273, Footnote #5, Loftt —> Lofft 25. p. 273, Footnote #10, Holdworth's —> Holdsworth's 26. p. 276, Longueil —> Longueuil 27. p. 277, Two footnote markers #15 are found on page 277. As footnote #15 appears on the previous page, the ones on page 277 have been numbered #16 to match footnote text. 28. p. 280, Duplicate footnote markers for footnote #18 29. p. 280, Duplicate footnote markers for footnote #19 30. p. 285, Duplicate footnote markers for footnote #27 31. p. 286, Footnote #30, wha —> who 32. p. 289, attenton —> attention 33. p. 289,290 Page contains footnote #37 text only. 34. p. 295, Januaray —> January 35. p. 295, No footnote marker for footnote #9. 36. p. 302, behvaiour —> behaviour 37. p. 303, Gabette —> Gazette 38. p. 309, goal —> gaol 39. p. 318, No footnote marker for footnote #5. 40. p. 326, Footnote #16, Mich. Hist. Coll. 1 —> Mich. Hist. Coll. I 41. p. 330, No footnote marker for footnote #28. 42. p. 332, Footnote #34 has missing page number. 43. p. 332, Removed reference to itself in footnote #39. 44. p. 332, Signé) —> (Signé) 45. p. 337, Footnote #40, Roght —> Right 46. p. 337, Removed reference to itself in footnote #46. 47. p. 338, Footnote text has no number or marker. Used #46a. 48. p. 343, Footnote #8 has missing page number. 49. p. 346, Executive Council —> Executive Council) 50. p. 352, crimes is —> crimes in 51. p. 358, Page contains footnote #31 text only. 52. p. 361, Footnote #4, George 111 —> George III 53. p. 361, Footnote #5 has missing page number. 54. p. 367, mainfested —> manifested 55. p. 368, Footnote #13, babendo —> habendo 56. p. 370, Footnote #16 has missing page number. 57. p. 382, Jouranl —> Journal 58. p. 409, acquiesed —> acquiesced 59. p. 410, Cockrane —> Cochrane 60. p. 411, Original says November 22, 1914. 61. p. 435, therefor —> therefore 62. p. 444, No footnote marker for footnote #9. 63. p. 456, de-departed —> departed 64. p. 459, lieutenant-governnorship —> lieutenant-governorship 65. p. 464, it it not? —> is it not? 66. p. 469, (Signed —> (Signed) 67. p. 484, arces —> acres 68. p. 484, Secreary —> Secretary 69. p. 485, Philadlphia —> Philadelphia 70. p. 487, pupose —> purpose 71. p. 491, regretable —> regrettable

Also, many occurrences of mismatched single and double quotes remain as published.

End of Transcriber's Notes]