[Footnote 382: Ronquillo, July 26/Aug 5. Ronquillo adds, that what Zulestein said of the state of public opinion was strictly true.]

[Footnote 383: Citters, June 12/22 1688; Luttrell's Diary, June 18.]

[Footnote 384: For the events of this day see the State Trials; Clarendon's Diary Luttrell's Diary; Citters. June 15/25 Johnstone, June 18; Revolution Politics.]

[Footnote 385: Johnstone, June 18. 1688; Evelyn's Diary, June 29.]

[Footnote 386: Tanner MS.]

[Footnote 387: This fact was communicated to me in the most obliging manner by the Reverend R. S. Hawker of Morwenstow in Cornwall.]

[Footnote 388: Johnstone, June 18. 1688.]

[Footnote 389: Adda, June 29/July 9 1688]

[Footnote 390: Sunderland's own narrative is, of course, not to be implicitly trusted, but he vouched Godolphin as a witness of what took place respecting the Irish Act of Settlement.]

[Footnote 391: Barillon June 21/June 28 June 28/July 8 1688; Adda, June 29/July 9 Citters June 26/July 6; Johnstone, July 2. 1688; The Converts, a poem.]

[Footnote 392: Clarendon's Diary, June 21. 1688.]

[Footnote 393: Citters, June 26/ July 6. 1688.]

[Footnote 394: Johnstone, July 2. 1688.]

[Footnote 395: Ibid.]

[Footnote 396: Johnstone, July 2. 1688. The editor of Levinz's reports expresses great wonder that, after the Revolution, Levinz was not replaced on the bench. The facts related by Johnstone may perhaps explain the seeming injustice.]

[Footnote 397: I draw this inference from a letter of Compton to Sancroft, dated the 12th of June.]

[Footnote 398: Revolution Politics.]

[Footnote 399: This is the expression of an eye witness. It is in a newsletter in the Mackintosh Collection.]

[Footnote 400: See the proceedings in the Collection of State Trials. I have taken some touches from Johnstone, and some from Van Citters.]

[Footnote 401: Johnstone, July 2. 1688; Letter from Mr. Ince to the Archbishop, dated at six o'clock in the morning; Tanner MS.; Revolution Politics.]

[Footnote 402: Johnstone, July 2. 1688.]

[Footnote 403: State Trials; Oldmixon, 739.; Clarendon's Diary, June 25, 1688; Johnstone, July 2.; Citters, July 3/13 Adda, July 6/16; Luttrell's Diary; Barillon, July 2/12]

[Footnote 404: Citters, July 3/13 The gravity with which he tells the story has a comic effect. "Den Bisschop van Chester, wie seer de partie van het hof houdt, om te voldoen aan syne gewoone nieusgierigheyt, hem op dien tyt in Westminster Hall mede hebbende laten vinden, in het uytgaan doorgaans was uytgekreten voor een grypende wolf in schaaps kleederen; en by synde een beer van hooge stature en vollyvig, spotsgewyse alomme geroepen was dat men voor hem plaats moeste maken, om te laten passen, gelyck ook geschiede, om dat soo sy uytschreeuwden en hem in het aansigt seyden, by den Paus in syn buyck hadde."]

[Footnote 405: Luttrell; Citters, July 3/13. 1688. "Soo syn in tegendeel gedagte jurys met de uyterste acclamatie en alle teyckenen van genegenheyt en danckbaarheyt in het door passeren van de gemeente ontvangen. Honderden vielen haar om den hals met alle bedenckelycke wewensch van segen en geluck over hare persoonen en familien, om dat sy haar so heusch en eerlyck buyten verwagtinge als het ware in desen gedragen hadden. Veele van de grooten en kleynen adel wierpen in het wegryden handen vol gelt onder tie armen luyden, om op de gesontheyt van den Coning, der Heeren Prelaten, en de Jurys te drincken."]

[Footnote 406: "Mi trovava con Milord Sunderland la stessa mattina, quando venne l'Avvocato Generale a rendergli conto del successo, e disse, che mai piu a memoria d'huomini si era sentito un applauso, mescolato di voci e lagrime di giubilo, egual a quello che veniva egli di vedere in quest' occasione." Adda, July 6/16. 1688.]

[Footnote 407: Burnet, i. 744.; Citters, July 3/13 1688.]

[Footnote 408: See a very curious narrative published among other papers, in 1710, by Danby, then Duke of Leeds. There is an amusing account of the ceremony of burning a Pope in North's Examen, 570. See also the note on the Epilogue to the Tragedy of Oedipus in Scott's edition of Dryden.]

[Footnote 409: Reresby's Memoirs; Citters, 3/13 July 17. 1688; Adda 6/16 July; Barillon, July 2/12 Luttrell's Diary; Newsletter of July 4.; Oldmixon, 739.; Ellis Correspondence.]

[Footnote 410: The Fur Praedestinatus.]

[Footnote 411: This document will be found in the first of the twelve collections of papers relating to the affairs of England, printed at the end of 1688 and the beginning of 1689. It was put forth on the 26th of July, not quite a month after the trial. Lloyd of Saint Asaph about the same time told Henry Wharton that the Bishops purposed to adopt an entirely new policy towards the Protestant Dissenters; "Omni modo curaturos ut ecelesia sordibus et corruptelis penitus exueretur; ut sectariis reformatis reditus in ecclesiae sinum exoptati occasio ac ratio concederetur, si qui sobrii et pii essent; ut pertinacibus interim jugum le aretur, extinctis penitus legibus mulciatoriis."—Excerpta ex Vita H. Wharton.]

[Footnote 412: This change in the opinion of a section of the Tory party is well illustrated by a little tract published at the beginning of 1689, and entitled "A Dialogue between Two Friends, wherein the Church of England is vindicated in joining with the Prince of Orange."]

[Footnote 413: "Aut nunc, aut nunquam."—Witsen MS. quoted by Wagenaar, book lx.]

[Footnote 414: Burnet, i. 763.]

[Footnote 415: Sidney's Diary and Correspondence, edited by Mr. Blencowe; Mackay's Memoirs with Swift's note; Burnet, i. 763.]

[Footnote 416: Burnet, i. 764.; Letter in cipher to William, dated June 18. 1688, in Dalrymple.]

[Footnote 417: Burnet, i. 764.; Letter in cipher to William, dated June 18 1688.]

[Footnote 418: As to Montaigne, see Halifax's Letter to Cotton. I am not sure that the head of Halifax in Westminster Abbey does not give a more lively notion of him than any painting or engraving that I have seen.]

[Footnote 419: See Danby's Introduction to the papers which he published in 1710; Burnet, i. 764.]

[Footnote 420: Burnet, i. 764.; Sidney to the Prince of Orange, June 30. 1688, in Dalrymple.]

[Footnote 421: Burnet, i. 763.; Lumley to William, May 31. 1688, in Dalrymple.]

[Footnote 422: See the invitation at length in Dalrymple.]

[Footnote 423: Sidney's Letter to William, June 30. 1688; Avaux Neg., July 10/20 12/22]

[Footnote 424: Bonrepaux, July 18/28 1687.]

[Footnote 425: Birch's Extracts, in the British Museum.]

[Footnote 426: Avaux Neg., Oct 29/Nov 9 1683]

[Footnote 427: As to the relation in which the Stadtholder and the city of Amsterdam stood towards each other, see Avaux, passim.]

[Footnote 428: Adda, July 6/16 1688.]

[Footnote 429: Reresby's Memoirs.]

[Footnote 430: Barillon, July 2/12 1688.]

[Footnote 431: London Gazette of July 16. 1688. The order bears date July 12.]

[Footnote 432: Barillon's own phrase, July 6/16 1688.]

[Footnote 433: In one of the numerous ballads of that time are the following lines:

"Both our Britons are fooled, Who the laws overruled, And next parliament each will he plaguily schooled."

The two Britons are Jeffreys and Williams, who were both natives of Wales.]

[Footnote 434: London Gazette, July 9. 1688.]

[Footnote 435: Ellis Correspondence, July 10. 1688; Clarendon's Diary, Aug. 3. 1688.]

[Footnote 436: London Gazette, July 9. 1688; Adda, July 13/23 Evelyn's Diary, July 12. Johnstone, Dec. 8/18 1687, Feb. 6/16 1688.]

[Footnote 437: Sprat's Letters to the Earl of Dorset; London Gazette, Aug. 23. 1688.]

[Footnote 438: London Gazette, July 26. 1688; Adda, July 27/Aug 6.; Newsletter in the Mackintosh Collection, July 25. Ellis Correspondence, July 28. 31; Wood's Fasti Oxonienses.]

[Footnote 439: Wood's Athenae Oxonienses; Luttrell's Diary, Aug. 23. 1688.]

[Footnote 440: Ronquillo, Sept. 17/27 1688; Luttrell's Diary, Sept. 6.]

[Footnote 441: Ellis Correspondence, August 4. 7. 1688; Bishop Sprat's relation of the Conference of Nov. 6. 1688.]

[Footnote 442: Luttrell's Diary, Aug. 8. 1688.]

[Footnote 443: This is told us by three writers who could well remember that time, Kennet, Eachard, and Oldmixon. See also the Caveat against the Whigs.]

[Footnote 444: Barillon, Aug 24/Sept 1 1688; Sept. 3/13 6/16 8/18]

[Footnote 445: Luttrell's Diary, Aug. 27. 1688.]

[Footnote 446: King's State of the Protestants of Ireland; Secret Consults of the Romish Party in Ireland.]

[Footnote 447: Secret Consults of he Romish Party in Ireland.]

[Footnote 448: History of the Desertion, 1689; compare the first and second editions; Barillon, Sept. 8/18 1688; Citters of the same date; Clarke's Life of James the Second, ii. 168. The compiler of the last mentioned work says that Churchill moved the court to sentence the six officers to death. This story does not appear to have been taken from the King's papers; I therefore regard it as one of the thousand fictions invented at Saint Germains for the purpose of blackening a character which was black enough without such daubing. That Churchill may have affected great indignation on this occasion, in order to hide the treason which he meditated, is highly probable. But it is impossible to believe that a man of his sense would have urged the members of a council of war to inflict a punishment which was notoriously beyond their competence.]

[Footnote 449: The song of Lillibullero is among the State Poems, to Percy's Relics the first part will be found, but not the second part, which was added after William's landing. In the Examiner and in several pamphlets of 1712 Wharton is mentioned as the author.]

[Footnote 450: See the Negotiations of the Count of Avaux. It would be almost impossible for me to cite all the passages which have furnished me with materials for this part of my narrative. The most important will be found under the following dates: 1685, Sept. 20, Sept. 24, Oct. 5, Dec. 20; 1686, Jan. 3, Nov. 22; 1687, Oct. 2, Nov. 6, Nov. 19 1688, July 29, Aug. 20. Lord Lonsdale, in his Memoirs, justly remarks that, but for the mismanagement of Lewis, the city of Amsterdam would have prevented the Revolution.]

[Footnote 451: Professor Von Ranke, Die Romischen Papste, book viii.; Burnet, i. 759.]

[Footnote 452: Burnet, i. 758.; Lewis paper bears date Aug 27/Sept 6 1688. It will be found in the Recueil des Traites, vol. iv. no. 219.]

[Footnote 453: For the consummate dexterity with which he exhibited two different views of his policy to two different parties he was afterwards bitterly reviled by the Court of Saint Germains. "Licet Foederatis publicus ille preado haud aliud aperte proponat nisi ut Galici imperii exuberans amputetur potesias, veruntamen sibi et suis ex haeretica faece complicibus, ut pro comperto habemus, longe aliud promittit, nempe ut, exciso vel enervato Francorum regno, ubi Catholicarum partium summum jam robur situm est, haeretica ipsorum pravitas per orbem Christisnum universum praevaleat."—Letter of James to the Pope; evidently written in 1689.]

[Footnote 454: Avaux Neg., Aug. 2/12 10/20 11/21 14/24 16/26 17/27 Aug 23/Sept 2 1688.]

[Footnote 455: Ibid., Sept. 4/14 1688.]

[Footnote 456: Burnet, i. 765.; Churchill's letter bears date Aug. 4. 1688.]

[Footnote 457: William to Bentinck, Aug. 17/27 1688.]

[Footnote 458: Memoirs of the Duke of Shrewsbury, 1718.]

[Footnote 459: London Gazette, April 25. 28. 1687.]

[Footnote 460: Secret Consults of the Romish Party in Ireland. This account is strongly confirmed by what Bonrepaux wrote to Seignelay, Sept. 12/22 1687. "Il (Sunderland) amassera beaucoup d'argent, le roi son maitre lui donnant la plus grande partie de celui qui provient des confiscations on des accommodemens que ceux qui ont encouru des peines font pour obtenir leur grace."]

[Footnote 461: Adda says that Sunderland's terror was visible. Oct 26/Nov 5 1688.]

[Footnote 462: Compare Evelyn's account of her with what the Princess of Denmark wrote about her to the Hague, and with her own letters to Henry Sidney.]

[Footnote 463: Bonrepaux to Seignelay, July 11/21 1688.]

[Footnote 464: See her letters in the Sidney Diary and Correspondence lately published. Mr. Fox, in his copy of Barillon's despatches, marked the 30th of August N.S. 1688, as the date from which it was quite certain that Sunderland was playing false.]

[Footnote 465: Aug 19/29 1688]

[Footnote 466: Sept 4/14 1688]

[Footnote 467: Avaux, July 19/29 July 31/Aug 10 Aug. [11]/21 1688; Lewis to Barillon, Aug. 2/12, 16/26.]

[Footnote 468: Barillon, Aug. 20/30 Aug 23/Sept 2 1688 Adda, Aug 24/Sept 3; Clarke's Life of James, ii. 177. Orig. Mem.]

[Footnote 469: Lewis to Barillon, Sept. 3/13 8/18 11/21 1688.]

[Footnote 470: Avaux, Aug 23/Sept 2, Aug 30/Sept 9 1688.]

[Footnote 471: "Che l'adulazione e la vanita gli avevano tornato il capo"—Adda, Aug 31/Sept 10 1688.]

[Footnote 472: Citters, Sept. 11/21 1688 Avaux, Sept. 17/27 Sept 27/Oct 7 Oct. 3 Wagenaar, book lx.; Sunderland's Apology. It has been often asserted that James declined the help of a French army. The truth is that no such army was offered. Indeed, the French troops would have served James much more effectually by menacing the frontiers of Holland than by crossing the Channel.]

[Footnote 473: Lewis to Barillon, Sept. 20/30 1688.]

[Footnote 474: Avaux, Sept 27/Oct 7 27. Oct. 4/14 1688.]

[Footnote 475: Madame de Sevigne, Oct 24/Nov 3 1688.]

[Footnote 476: Witsen MS. quoted by Wagenaar; Lord Lonsdale's Memoirs; Avaux, Oct. 4/14 5/15 1688. The formal declaration of the States General, dated Oct. 18/28 will be found in the Recueil des Traites, vol. iv. no. 225.]

[Footnote 477: Abrege de la Vie de Frederic Duc de Schomberg, 1690; Sidney to William, June 30. 1688; Burnet, i. 677.]

[Footnote 478: Burnet, i. 584.; Mackay's Memoirs.]

[Footnote 479: Burnet, i. 775. 780.]

[Footnote 480: Eachard's History of the Revolution, ii. 2.]

[Footnote 481: Pepys's Memoirs relating to the Royal Navy, 1690. Clarke's Life of James the Second, ii. 186 Orig. Mem.; Adda, Sept 21/Oct 1 Citters, Sept 21/Oct 1]

[Footnote 482: Clarke's Life of James the Second, ii. 186. Orig. Mem.; Adda, Sept 14/Oct 2 Citters, Sept 21/Oct 1]

[Footnote 483: Adda, Sept 28/Oct. 8. 1688. This despatch describes strongly James's dread of an universal defection of his subjects.]

[Footnote 484: All the scanty light which we have respecting this negotiation is derived from Reresby. His informant was a lady whom he does not name, and who certainly was not to be implicitly trusted.]

[Footnote 485: London Gazette, Sept. 24. 27., Oct. 1., 1688.]

[Footnote 486: Tanner MSS.; Burnet, i. 784. Burnet has, I think, confounded this audience with an audience which took place a few weeks later.]

[Footnote 487: London Gazette, Oct. 8. 1688.]

[Footnote 488: Ibid.]

[Footnote 489: Ibid. Oct. 15. 1688; Adda, Oct. 12/22 The Nuncio, though generally an enemy to violent courses, seems to have opposed the restoration of Hough, probably from regard for the interests of Giffard and the other Roman Catholics who were quartered in Magdalene College. Leyburn declared himself "nel sentimento che fosse stato non spoglio, e che il possesso in cui si trovano ora li Cattolici fosse violento ed illegale, onde non era privar questi di no dritto acquisto, ma rendere agli altri quello che era stato levato con violenza."]

[Footnote 490: London Gazette, Oct. 18. 1688.]

[Footnote 491: "Vento Papista." says Adda Oct 24/Nov 3 1688. The expression Protestant wind seems to have been first applied to the wind which kept Tyrconnel, during some time, from taking possession of the government of Ireland. See the first part of Lillibullero.]

[Footnote 492: All the evidence on this point is collected in Howell's edition of the State Trials.]

[Footnote 493: It will be found with much illustrative matter in Howell's edition of the State Trials.]

[Footnote 494: Barillon, Oct. 8/18 16/26 18/28 Oct 25/Nov 4 Oct. [27]/Nov 6 Oct 29/Nov 8 1688; Adda, Oct 26/Nov 5]

[Footnote 495: London Gazette, Oct. 29. 1688.]

[Footnote 496: Register of the Proceedings of the States of Holland and West Friesland; Burnet, i. 782.]

[Footnote 497: London Gazette, Oct. 29. 1688; Burnet, i. 782.; Bentinck to his wife, Oct. 21/31 Oct. 22/Nov 1 Oct 24/Nov 3 Oct. 27/Nov 6 1688.]

[Footnote 498: Citters. Nov. 2/12 1688: Adda, Nov. 2/12]

[Footnote 499: Ronquillo, Nov. 12/22 1688. "Estas respuestas," says Ronquillo, "son ciertas, aunque mas las encubrian en la corte."]

[Footnote 500: London Gazette, Nov. 5 1688. The Proclamation is dated Nov. 2.]

[Footnote 501: Tanner MSS.]

[Footnote 502: Burnet, i. 787.; Rapin; Whittle's Exact Diary; Expedition of the Prince of Orange to England, 1688; History of the Desertion, 1688; Dartmouth to James. Nov. 5. 1688, in Dalrymple.]

[Footnote 503: Avaux, July 12/22 Aug. 14/24 1688. On this subject, Mr. De Jonge, who is connected by affinity with the descendants of the Dutch Admiral Evertsen, has kindly communicated to me some interesting information derived from family papers. In a letter to Bentinck, dated Sept. 6/16 1688, William insists strongly on the importance of avoiding an action, and begs Bentinck to represent this to Herbert. "Ce n'est pas le tems de faire voir sa bravoure, ni de se battre si l'on le peut eviter. Je luy l'ai deja dit: mais il sera necessaire que vous le repetiez et que vous le luy fassiez bien comprendre."]

[Footnote 504: Rapin's History; Whittle's Exact Diary. I have seen a contemporary Dutch chart of the order in which the fleet sailed.]

[Footnote 505: Adda, Nov. 1688; Newsletter in the Mackintosh Collection; Citters Nov 6/16]

[Footnote 506: Burnet, i. 788.; Extracts from the Legge Papers in the Mackintosh Collection.]

[Footnote 507: I think that nobody who compares Burnet's account of this conversation with Dartmouth's can doubt that I have correctly represented what passed.]

[Footnote 508: I have seen a contemporary Dutch print of the disembarkation. Some men are bringing the Prince's bedding into the hut on which his flag is flying.]

[Footnote 509: Burnet, i. 789.; Legge Papers.]

[Footnote 510: On Nov. 9. 1688, James wrote to Dartmouth thus: "Nobody could work otherwise than you did. I am sure all knowing seamen must be of the same mind." But see Clarke's Life of James, ii. 207. Orig. Mem,]

[Footnote 511: Burnet, i. 790.]

[Footnote 512: See Whittle's Diary, the Expedition of his Highness, and the Letter from Exon published at the time. I have myself seen two manuscript newsletters describing the pomp of the Prince's entrance into Exeter. A few months later a bad poet wrote a play, entitled "The late Revolution." One scene is laid at Exeter. "Enter battalions of the Prince's army, on their march into the city, with colours flying, drums beating, and the citizens shouting." A nobleman named Misopapas says,—"can you guess, my Lord, How dreadful guilt and fear has represented Your army in the court? Your number and your stature Are both advanced; all six foot high at least, In bearskins clad, Swiss, Swedes, and Brandenburghers." In a song which appeared just after the entrance into Exeter, the Irish are described as mere dwarfs in comparison of the giants whom William commanded:

"Poor Berwick, how will thy dear joys Oppose this famed viaggio? Thy tallest sparks wilt be mere toys To Brandenburgh and Swedish boys, Coraggio! Coraggio!"

Addison alludes, in the Freeholder, to the extraordinary effect which these romantic stories produced.]

[Footnote 513: Expedition of the Prince of Orange; Oldmixon, 755.; Whittle's Diary; Eachard, iii. 911.; London Gazette, Nov. 15. 1688.]

[Footnote 514: London Gazette, Nov. 15 1688; Expedition of the Prince of Orange.]

[Footnote 515: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 210. Orig. Mem.; Sprat's Narrative, Citters, Nov 6/16 1688]

[Footnote 516: Luttrell's Diary; Newsletter in the Mackintosh Collection; Adda, Nov 16/26 1688]

[Footnote 517: Johnstone, Feb. 27. 1688 Citters of the same date.]

[Footnote 518: Lysons, Magna Britannia Berkshire.]

[Footnote 519: London Gazette, Nov. 15 1688; Luttrell's Diary.]

[Footnote 520: Burnet, i. 790. Life of William, 1703.]

[Footnote 521: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 215.; Orig. Mem.; Burnet, i. 790. Clarendon's Diary, Nov. 15 1688; London Gazette, Nov. 17.]

[Footnote 522: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 218.; Clarendon's Diary, Nov. 15. 1688 Citters, Nov. 16/26]

[Footnote 523: Clarendon's Diary, Nov. 15, 16, 17. 20. 1688.]

[Footnote 524: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 219. Orig. Mem.]

[Footnote 525: Clarendon's Diary, from Nov. 8. to Nov. 17. 1688.]

[Footnote 526: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 212. Orig. Mem.; Clarendon's Diary, Nov. 17. 1688; Citters, Nov 20/30; Burnet, i. 791.; Some Reflections upon the most Humble Petition to the King's most Excellent Majesty, 1688; Modest Vindication of the Petition; First Collection of Papers relating to English Affairs, 1688.]

[Footnote 527: Adda, Nov. 12/22 1688.]

[Footnote 528: Clarke's Life of James, 220, 221.]

[Footnote 529: Eachard's History of the Revolution.]

[Footnote 530: Seymour's reply to William is related by many writers. It much resembles a story which is told of the Manriquez family. They, it is said, took for their device the words, "Nos no descendemos de los Reyes, sino los Reyes descienden de nos."—Carpentariana.]

[Footnote 531: Fourth Collection of Papers, 1688 Letter from Exon; Burner, i. 792.]

[Footnote 532: Burnet, i. 792.; History of the Desertion; Second Collection of Papers, 1688.]

[Footnote 533: Letter of Bath to the Prince of Orange, Nov. 18. 1688; Dalrymple.]

[Footnote 534: First Collection of Papers, 1688; London Gazette, Nov. 22.]

[Footnote 535: Reresby's Memoirs; Clarke's. Life of James, ii. 231. Orig. Mem.]

[Footnote 536: Cibber's Apology History of the Desertion; Luttrell's Diary; Second Collection of Papers, 1688.]

[Footnote 537: Whittle's Diary; History of the Desertion; Luttrell's Diary.]

[Footnote 538: Clarke's Life of James, i. 222. Orig. Mem; Barillon, Nov 21/Dec 1 1688; Sheridan MS.]

[Footnote 539: First Collection of Papers, 1688.]

[Footnote 540: Letter from Middleton to Preston dated Salisbury, Nov. 25. "Villany upon villany," says Middleton, "the last still greater than the former." Clarke's Life of James, ii. 224, 225. Orig. Mem.]

[Footnote 541: History of the Desertion; Luttrell's Diary.]

[Footnote 542: Dartmouth's note on Burnet, i. 643.]

[Footnote 543: Clarendon's Diary, Nov. 26.; Clarke's Life of James, ii. 224.; Prince George's letter to the King has often been printed.]

[Footnote 544: The letter, dated Nov. 18, will be found in Dalrymple.]

[Footnote 545: Clarendon's Diary, Nov. 25, 26. 1688; Citters, Nov 26/Dec 6; Ellis Correspondence, Dec. 19.; Duchess of Marlborough's Vindication; Burnet, i. 792; Compton to the Prince of Orange, Dec. 2. 1688, in Dalrymple. The Bishop's military costume is mentioned in innumerable pamphlets and lampoons.]

[Footnote 546: Dartmouth's note on Burnet, i. 792.; Citters Nov 26/Dec 6 1688; Clarke's Life of James, i. 226. Orig. Mem.; Clarendon's Diary, Nov. 26; Revolution Politics.]

[Footnote 547: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 236. Orig. Mem.; Burnet, i. 794.: Luttrell's Diary; Clarendon's Diary, Nov. 27. 1688; Citters, Nov 27/Dec 7 and Nov 30/Dec 10

Citters evidently had his intelligence from one of the Lords who were present. As the matter is important I will give two short passages from his despatches. The King said, "Dat het by na voor hem unmogelyck was to pardoneren persoonen wie so hoog in syn reguarde schuldig stonden, vooral seer uytvarende jegens den Lord Churchill, wien hy hadde groot gemaakt, en nogtans meynde de eenigste oorsake van alle dese desertie en van de retraite van hare Coninglycke Hoogheden te wesen." One of the lords, probably Halifax or Nottingham, "seer hadde geurgeert op de securiteyt van de lords die nu met syn Hoogheyt geengageert staan. Soo hoor ick," says Citters, "dat syn Majesteyt onder anderen soude gesegt hebben; 'Men spreekt al voor de securiteyt voor andere, en niet voor de myne.' Waar op een der Pairs resolut dan met groot respect soude geantwoordt hebben dat, soo syne Majesteyt's wapenen in staat warm om hem te connen mainteneren, dat dan sulk syne securiteyte koude wesen; soo niet, en soo de difficulteyt dan nog to surmonteren was, dat het den moeste geschieden door de meeste condescendance, en hoe meer die was, en hy genegen om aan de natie contentement te geven, dat syne securiteyt ook des to grooter soude wesen."]

[Footnote 548: Letter of the Bishop of St. Asaph to the Prince of Orange, Dec. 17, 1688.]

[Footnote 549: London Gazette, Nov, 29. Dec. [3]. 1688; Clarendon's Diary, Nov. 29, 30.]

[Footnote 550: Barillon, December 1/11 1688.]

[Footnote 551: James to Dartmouth, Nov. 25. 1688. The letters are in Dalrymple.]

[Footnote 552: James to Dartmouth, Dec. 1. 1688.]

[Footnote 553: Luttrell's Diary.]

[Footnote 554: Second Collection of Papers, 1688; Dartmouth's Letter, dated December 3. 1688, will be found in Dalrymple; Clarke's Life of James, ii. 233. Orig. Mem. James accuses Dartmouth of having got up an address from the fleet demanding a Parliament. This is a mere calumny. The address is one of thanks to the King for having called a Parliament, and was framed before Dartmouth had the least suspicion that His Majesty was deceiving the nation.]

[Footnote 555: Luttrell's Diary.]

[Footnote 556: Adda, Dec. 17. 1688.]

[Footnote 557: The Nuncio says, "Se lo avesse fatto prima di ora, per il Re ne sarebbe stato meglio."]

[Footnote 558: See the Secret History of the Revolution, by Hugh Speke, 1715. In the London Library is a copy of this rare work with a manuscript note which seems to be in Speke's own hand.]

[Footnote 559: Brand's History of Newcastle; Tickell's History of Hull.]

[Footnote 560: An account of what passed at Norwich may still be seen in several collections on the original broadside. See also the Fourth Collection of Papers, 1688.]

[Footnote 561: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 233.; MS. Memoir of the Harley family in the Mackintosh Collection.]

[Footnote 562: Citters, Dec. 9/19 1688. Letter of the Bishop of Bristol to the Prince of Orange, Dec 5. 1688, in Dalrymple.]

[Footnote 563: Citters, Nov 27/Dec 7 1688; Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 11.; Song on Lord Lovelace's entry into Oxford, 1688; Burnet, i. 793.]

[Footnote 564: Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 2, 3, 4, 5. 1688.]

[Footnote 565: Whittles Exact Diary; Eachard's History of the Revelation.]

[Footnote 566: Citters, Nov. 20/30 Dec. 9/19 1688.]

[Footnote 567: Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 6, 7. 1688.]

[Footnote 568: Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 7. 1688.]

[Footnote 569: History of the Desertion; Citters, Dec. 9/19 1688; Exact Diary; Oldmixon, 760.]

[Footnote 570: See a very interesting note on the fifth canto of Sir Walter Scott's Rokeby.]

[Footnote 571: My account of what passed at Hungerford is taken from Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 8, 9. 1688; Burnet, i. 794; the Paper delivered to the Prince by the Commissioners, and the Prince's Answer; Sir Patrick Hume's Diary; Citters Dec. 9/19]

[Footnote 572: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 237. Burnet, strange to say, had not heard, or had forgotten, that the prince was brought back to London, i. 796.]

[Footnote 573: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 246.; Pere d'Orleans, Revolutions d'Angleterre, xi.; Madame de Sevigne, Dec. 14/24. 1688; Dangeau, Memoires, Dec. 13/23. As to Lauzun, see the Memoirs of Mademoiselle and of the Duke of St. Simon, and the Characters of Labruyere.]

[Footnote 574: History of the Desertion; Clarke's Life Of James. ii. 251. Orig. Mem.; Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution; Burnet, i. 795]

[Footnote 575: History of the Desertion; Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution; Fachard's History of the Revolution.]

[Footnote 576: London Gazette, Dec. 13. 1688.]

[Footnote 577: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 259.; Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution; Legge Papers in the Mackintosh Collection.]

[Footnote 578: London Gazette, Dec. 13 1688; Barillon, Dec. 14/24.; Citters, same date; Luttrell's Diary; Clarke's Life of James, ii. 256. Orig. Mem; Ellis Correspondence, Dec. 13.; Consultation of the Spanish Council of State, Jan. 19/29, 1689. It appears that Ronquillo complained bitterly to his government of his losses; "Sirviendole solo de consuelo el haber tenido prevencion de poder consumir El Santisimo."]

[Footnote 579: London Gazette, Dec. 13 1688; Luttrell's Diary; Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution; Consultation of the Spanish Council of State, Jan. 19/29 1689. Something was said about reprisals: but the Spanish council treated the suggestion with contempt. "Habiendo sido este hecho por un furor de pueblo, sin consentimiento del gobierno y antes contra su voluntad, como lo ha mostrado la satisfaccion que le han dado y le han prometido, parece que no hay juicio humano que puede aconsejar que se pase a semejante remedio."]

[Footnote 580: North's Life of Guildford, 220.; Jeffreys' Elegy; Luttrell's Diary; Oldmixon, 762. Oldmixon was in the crowd, and was, I doubt not, one of the most furious there. He tells the story well. Ellis Correspondence; Barnet, i. 797. and Onslow's note.]

[Footnote 581: Adda, Dec. 9/19; Citters, Dec. 18/28]

[Footnote 582: Citters, Dec. 14/24. 1688; Luttrell's Diary; Ellis Correspondence; Oldmixon, 761.; Speke's Secret History of the Revolution; Clarke's Life of James, ii. 257.; Eachard's History of the Revolution; History of the Desertion.]

[Footnote 583: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 258.]

[Footnote 584: Secret History of the Revolution.]

[Footnote 585: Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 13. 1688; Citters, Dec 14/24; Eachard's History of the Revolution.]

[Footnote 586: Citters, Dec. 14/24 688; Luttrell's Diary.]

[Footnote 587: Clarke's Life of James ii. 251. Orig. Mem.; Letter printed in Tindal's Continuation of Rapin. This curious letter is in the Harl. MSS. 6852.]

[Footnote 588: Reresby was told, by a lady whom he does not name, that the King had no intention of withdrawing till he received a letter from Halifax, who was then at Hungerford. The letter, she said, informed His Majesty that, if he staid, his life would be in danger. This is certainly a mere romance. The King, before the Commissioners left London, had told Barillon that their embassy was a mere feint, and had expressed a full resolution to leave the country. It is clear from Reresby's own narrative that Halifax thought himself shamefully used.]

[Footnote 589: Harl. MS. 255.]

[Footnote 590: Halifax MS.; Citters, Dec. 18/28. 1688.]

[Footnote 591: Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution.]

[Footnote 592: See his proclamation, dated from St. Germains, April 20. 1692.]

[Footnote 593: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 261. Orig. Mem.]

[Footnote 594: Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 16. 1688; Barnet, i. 800.]

[Footnote 595: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 262. Orig. Mem.; Barnet, i. 799 In the History of the Desertion (1689), it is affirmed that the shouts on this occasion were uttered merely by some idle boys, and that the great body of the people looked on in silence. Oldmixon, who was in the crowd, says the same; and Ralph, whose prejudices were very different from Oldmixon's, tells us that the information which he had received from a respectable eye witness was to the same effect. The truth probably is that the signs of joy were in themselves slight, but seemed extraordinary because a violent explosion of public indignation had been expected. Barillon mentions that there had been acclamations and some bonfires, but adds, "Le people dans le fond est pour le Prince d'Orange." Dec. 17/27 1688.]

[Footnote 596: London Gazette, Dec. 16. 1688; Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution; History of the Desertion; Burnet, i. 799.; Evelyn's Diary, Dec. 13. 17. 1688.]

[Footnote 597: Clarke's History of James, ii. 262. Orig. Mem.]

[Footnote 598: Barillon, Dec. 17/27 1681; Clarke's Life of James, ii. 271.]

[Footnote 599: Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution; Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 16. 1688.]

[Footnote 600: Burnet i. 800.; Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 17 1688; Citters, Dec. 18/28. 1688.]

[Footnote 601: Burnet, i. 800.; Conduct of the Duchess of Marlborough; Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution. Clarendon says nothing of this under the proper date; but see his Diary, August 19. 1689.]

[Footnote 602: Harte's Life of Gustavus Adolphus.]

[Footnote 603: Clarke's Life of James ii. 264. mostly from Orig. Mem.; Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution; Rapin de Thoyras. It must be remembered that in these events Rapin was himself an actor.]

[Footnote 604: Clarke's Life of James, ii. 265. Orig. Mem.; Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution; Burnet, i, 801.; Citters, Dec. 18/28. 1688.]

[Footnote 605: Citters, Dec. 18/28. 1688; Evelyn's Diary, same date; Clarke's Life of James, ii. 266, 267. Orig. Mem.]

[Footnote 606: Citters Dec. 18/28 1688,]

[Footnote 607: Luttrell's Diary; Evelyn's Diary; Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 18. 1688; Revolution Politics.]

[Footnote 608: Fourth Collection of papers relating to the present juncture of affairs in England, 1688; Burnet, i. 802, 803.; Calamy's Life and Times of Baxter, chap. xiv.]

[Footnote 609: Burnet, i. 803.]

[Footnote 610: Gazette de France, Jan 26/ Feb 5 1689.]

[Footnote 611: History of the Desertion; Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 21. 1688; Burnet, i. 803. and Onslow's note.]

[Footnote 612: Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 21. 1688; Citters, same date.]

[Footnote 613: Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 21, 22. 1688; Clarke's Life of James, ii. 268. 270. Orig. Mem.]

[Footnote 614: Clarendon, Dec. 23, 1688; Clarke's Life of James, ii. 271. 273. 275. Orig. Mem.]

[Footnote 615: Citters, Jan. 1/11. 1689; Witsen MS. quoted by Wagenaar, book lx.]

[Footnote 616: Halifax's notes; Lansdowne MS. 255.; Clarendon's Diary, Dec. 24. 1688; London Gazette, Dec. 31.]

[Footnote 617: Citters, Dec 28/Jan 4 1688.]

[Footnote 618: The objector was designated in contemporary books and pamphlets only by his initials; and these were sometimes misinterpreted. Eachard attributes the cavil to Sir Robert Southwell. But I have no doubt that Oldmixon is right in putting it into the mouth of Sawyer.]

[Footnote 619: History of the Desertion; Life of William, 1703; Citters, Dec 28/Jan 7 1688/9]

[Footnote 620: London Gazette, Jan. 3. 7. 1688/9.]

[Footnote 621: London Gazette, Jan. 10 17. 1688/9; Luttrell's Diary; Legge Papers; Citters, 1/11 4/14 11/21. 1689; Ronquillo, Jan. 15/25 Feb 23/Mar 5; Consultation of the Spanish Council of State. March 26/April 5]

[Footnote 622: Burnet, i,. 802; Ronquillo, Jan. 2/12 Feb. 8/18. 1689. The originals of these despatches were entrusted to me by the kindness of the late Lady Holland and of the present Lord Holland. Prom the latter despatch I will quote a very few words: "La tema de S. M. Britanica a seguir imprudentes consejos perdio a los Catolicos aquella quietud en que les dexo Carlos segundo. V. E. asegure a su Santidad que mas sacare del Principe para los Catolicos que pudiera sacar del Rey."]

[Footnote 623: On December 13/23. 1688, the Admiral of Castile gave his opinion thus: "Esta materia es de calidad que no puede dexar de padecer nuestra sagrada religion o el servicio de V. M.; porque, si e1 Principe de Orange tiene buenos succesos, nos aseguraremos de Franceses, pero peligrara la religion." The Council was much pleased on February 16/26 by a letter of the Prince, in which he promised "que los Catolicos que se portaren con prudencia no sean molestados, y gocen libertad de conciencia, por ser contra su dictamen el forzar ni castigar por esta razon a nadie."]

[Footnote 624: In the chapter of La Bruyere, entitled "Sur les Jugemens," is a passage which deserves to be read, as showing in what light our revolution appeared to a Frenchman of distinguished abilities.]

[Footnote 625: My account of the reception of James and his wife in France is taken chiefly from the letters of Madame de Sevigne and the Memoirs of Dangeau.]

[Footnote 626: Albeville to Preston, Nov 23/Dec 3 1688, in the Mackintosh Collection.]

[Footnote 627: "'Tis hier nu Hosanna: maar 't zal, veelligt, haast Kruist hem kruist hem, zyn." Witsen, MS. in Wagenaar, book lxi. It is an odd coincidence that, a very few years before, Richard Duke, a Tory poet, once well known, but now scarcely remembered except by Johnson's biographical sketch, had used exactly the same illustration about James

"Was not of old the Jewish rabble's cry, Hosannah first, and after crucify?" —The Review.

Despatch of the Dutch Ambassadors Extraordinary, Jan. 8/18. 1689; Citters, same date.]

[Footnote 628: London Gazette, Jan. 7. 1688/9.]

[Footnote 629: The Sixth Collection of Papers, 1689; Wodrow, III. xii. 4. App. 150, 151; Faithful Contendings Displayed; Burnet, i. 804.]

[Footnote 630: Perth to Lady Errol, Dec. 29. 1688; to Melfort, Dec. 21. 1688; Sixth Collection of Papers, 1689.]

[Footnote 631: Burnet, i. 805.; Sixth Collection of Papers, 1689.]

[Footnote 632: Albeville, Nov. 9/19. 1688.]

[Footnote 633: See the pamphlet entitled Letter to a Member of the Convention, and the answer, 1689; Burnet, i. 809.]

[Footnote 634: Letter to the Lords of the Council, Jan. 4/14. 1688/9; Clarendon's Diary, Jan 9/19]

[Footnote 635: It seems incredible that any man should really have been imposed upon by such nonsense. I therefore think it right to quote Sancroft's words,which are still extant in his own handwriting:

"The political capacity or authority of the King, and his name in the government, are perfect and cannot fail; but his person being human and mortal, and not otherwise privileged than the rest of mankind, is subject to all the defects and failings of it. He may therefore be incapable of directing the government and dispensing the public treasure, &c. either by absence, by infancy, lunacy, deliracy, or apathy, whether by nature or casual infirmity, or lastly, by some invincible prejudices of mind, contracted and fixed by education and habit, with unalterable resolutions superinduced, in matters wholly inconsistent and incompatible with the laws, religion, peace, and true policy of the kingdom. In all these cases (I say) there must be some one or more persons appointed to supply such defect, and vicariously to him, and by his power and authority, to direct public affairs. And this done I say further, that all proceedings, authorities, commissions, grants, &c. issued as formerly, are legal and valid to all intents, and the people's allegiance is the same still, their oaths and obligations no way thwarted.... So long as the government moves by the Kings authority, and in his name, all those sacred ties and settled forms of proceedings are kept, and no man's conscience burthened with anything he needs scruple to undertake."—Tanner MS.; Doyly's Life of Sancroft. It was not altogether without reason that the creatures of James made themselves merry with the good Archbishop's English.]

[Footnote 636: Evelyn, Jan. 15. 1688/9.]

[Footnote 637: Clarendon's Diary, Dee. 24 1688; Burnet, i. 819.; Proposals humbly offered in behalf of the Princess of Orange, Jan. 28. 1688/9.]

[Footnote 638: Burnet, i. 389., and the notes of Speaker Onslow.]

[Footnote 639: Evelyn's Diary, Sept. 26. 1672, Oct. 12. 1679, July 13. 1700; Seymour's Survey of London.]

[Footnote 640: Burnet, i. 388.; and Speaker Onslow's note.]

[Footnote 641: Citters, Jan 22/Feb 1 1689; Grey's Debates.]

[Footnote 642: Lords' and Commons' Journals, Jan. 22. 1688; Citters and Clarendon's Diary of the same date.]

[Footnote 643: Lords' Journals, Jan. 25. 1683; Clarendon's Diary, Jan. 23. 25.]

[Footnote 644: Commons' Journals, Jan. 28. 1688/9; Grey's Debates, Citters Jan 29/Feb 8 If the report in Grey's Debates be correct, Citters must have been misinformed as to Sawyer's speech.]

[Footnote 645: Lords' and Commons' Journals, Jan. 29. 1688/9]

[Footnote 646: Clarendon's Diary, Jan. 21. 1688/9; Burnet, i. 810; Doyly's Life of Sancroft;]

[Footnote 647: See the Act of Uniformity.]

[Footnote 648: Stat. 2 Hen. 7. c. I.: Lord Coke's Institutes, part iii. chap i.; Trial of Cook for high treason, in the Collection of State Trials; Burnet, i. 873. and Swift's note.]

[Footnote 649: Lords Journals Jan. 29. 1688/9; Clarendon's Diary; Evelyn's Diary; Citters; Eachard's History of the Revolution; Barnet, i. 813.; History of the Reestablishment of the Government, 1689. The numbers of the Contents and Not Contents are not given in the journals, and are differently reported by different writers. I have followed Clarendon, who took the trouble to make out lists of the majority and minority.]

[Footnote 650: Grey's Debates; Evelyn's Diary; Life of Archbishop Sharp, by his son; Apology for the New Separation, in a letter to Dr. John Sharp, Archbishop of York, 1691.]

[Footnote 651: Lords' Journals, Jan. 30. 1689/8; Clarendon's Diary.]

[Footnote 652: Dartmouth's note on Burnet i. 393. Dartmouth says that it was from Fagel that the Lords extracted the hint. This was a slip of the pen very pardonable in a hasty marginal note; but Dalrymple and others ought not to have copied so palpable a blunder. Fagel died in Holland, on the 5th of December 1688, when William was at Salisbury and James at Whitehall. The real person was, I suppose, Dykvelt, Bentinck, or Zulestein, most probably Dykvelt.]

[Footnote 653: Both the service and Burnet's sermon are still to be found in our great libraries, and will repay the trouble of perusal.]

[Footnote 654: Lords' Journals, Jan. 31. 1688/9.]

[Footnote 655: Citters, Feb. 5/15. 1689; Clarendon's Diary, Feb. 2. The story is greatly exaggerated in the work entitled Revolution Politics, an eminently absurd book, yet of some value as a record of the foolish reports of the day. Greys Debates.]

[Footnote 656: The letter of James, dated Jan 24/Feb 3 1689, will be found in Kennet. It is most disingenuously garbled in Clarke's Life of James. See Clarendon's Diary, Feb. 2. 4.; Grey's Debates; Lords' Journals, Feb. 2. 4. 1688/9.]

[Footnote 657: It has been asserted by several writers, and, among others, by Ralph and by M. Mazure, that Danby signed this protest. This is a mistake. Probably some person who examined the journals before they were printed mistook Derby for Danby. Lords' Journals, Feb. 4. 1688/9. Evelyn, a few days before, wrote Derby, by mistake, for Danby. Diary, Jan. 29. 1688/9]

[Footnote 658: Commons' Journals, Feb. 5. 1688/9]

[Footnote 659: Burnet, i. 819.]

[Footnote 660: Clarendon's Diary, Jan. 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 1688/9; Burnet, i. 807.]

[Footnote 661: Clarendon's Diary, Feb, 5. 168/9; Duchess of Marlborough's Vindication; Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution.]

[Footnote 662: Burnet, i. 820. Burnet says that he has not related the events of this stirring time in chronological order. I have therefore been forced to arrange them by guess: but I think that I can scarcely be wrong in supposing that the letter of the Princess of Orange to Danby arrived, and that the Prince's explanation of his views was given, between Thursday the 31st of January, and Wednesday the 6th of February.]

[Footnote 663: Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution. In the first three editions, I told this story incorrectly. The fault was chiefly my own but partly Burnet's, by whose careless use of the pronoun he, I was misled. Burnet, i. 818]

[Footnote 664: Commons' Journals, Feb. 6. 1688/9]

[Footnote 665: See the Lords' and Commons' Journals of Feb. 6. 1688/9 and the Report of the Conference.]

[Footnote 666: Lords' Journals, Feb. 6. 1688/9; Clarendon's Diary; Burnet, i. 822. and Dartmouth's note; Citters, Feb. 8/18,. I have followed Clarendon as to the numbers. Some writers make the majority smaller and some larger.]

[Footnote 667: Lords Journals, Feb. 6, 7. 1688/9; Clarendon's Diary.]

[Footnote 668: Commons Journals, Jan. 29., Feb. 2. 1688/9.]

[Footnote 669: Commons' Journal's, Feb, 2. 1683.]

[Footnote 670: Grey's Debates; Burnet, i. 822.]

[Footnote 671: Commons' Journals, Feb. 4. 8. 11, 12.; Lords' Journals, Feb. 9. 11. 12, 1688/9]

[Footnote 672: London Gazette, Feb. 14. 1688/9; Citters, Feb. 12/22.]

[Footnote 673: Duchess of Marlborough's Vindication; Review of the Vindication; Burnet, i. 781. 825. and Dartmouth's note; Evelyn's Diary, Feb. 21. 1688/9.]

[Footnote 674: Lords' and Commons' Journals, Feb. 14 1688/9; Citters, Feb. 15/25. Citters puts into William's mouth stronger expressions of respect for the authority of Parliament than appear in the journals; but it is clear from what Powle said that the report in the journals was not strictly accurate.]

[Footnote 675: London Gazette, Feb. 14. 1688/9; Lords' and Commons' Journals, Feb. 13.; Citters, Feb 15/25; Evelyn, Feb. 21.]

THE END