"What! canst thou not forbear me half an hour?"—Shakspeare.

"Till then who knew the force of those dire arms?"—Milton.

"In words, as fashions, the same rule will hold; Alike fantastic, if too new or old: Be not the first by whom the new are tried Nor yet the last to lay the old aside."—Pope, on Criticism, l. 333.

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE XIII.—OF AWKWARDNESS.

"They slew Varus, whom I mentioned before."—L. Murray cor. "Maria rejected Valerius, whom she had rejected before." Or: "Maria rejected Valerius a second time."—Id. "In the English language, nouns have but two different terminations for cases."—Churchill's Gram., p. 64. "Socrates and Plato were the wisest men, and the most eminent philosophers in Greece."—Buchanan's Gram., Pref., p. viii. "Whether more than one were concerned in the business, does not yet appear." Or: "How many were concerned in the business, does not yet appear."—L. Murray cor. "And that, consequently, the verb or pronoun agreeing with it, can never with propriety be used in the plural number."—Id. et al. cor. "A second help may be, frequent and free converse with others of your own sex who are like minded."—Wesley cor. "Four of the semivowels, namely, l, m, n, and r, are termed LIQUIDS, on account of the fluency of their sounds."—See Brown's Inst., p. 16. "Some conjunctions are used in pairs, so that one answers to an other, as its regular correspondent."—Lowth et al. cor. "The mutes are those consonants whose sounds cannot be protracted; the semivowels have imperfect sounds of their own, which can be continued at pleasure."—Murray et al. cor. "HE and SHE are sometimes used as nouns, and, as such, are regularly declined: as, 'The hes in birds.'—BACON. 'The shes of Italy.'—SHAK."—Churchill cor. "The separation of a preposition from the word which it governs, is [censured by some writers, as being improper."—C. Adams cor. "The word WHOSE, according to some critics, should be restricted to persons; but good writers still occasionally use it with reference to things."—Priestley et al. cor. "New and surpassing wonders present themselves to our view."—Sherlock cor. "The degrees of comparison are often inaccurately applied and construed."—Alger's Murray. Or: "Passages are often found in which the degrees of comparison have not an accurate construction."—Campbell cor.; also Murray et al. "The sign of possession is placed too far from the name, to form a construction that is either perspicuous or agreeable."—L. Murray cor. "The simple tenses are those which are formed by the principal verb without an auxiliary."—Id. "The more intimate men are, the more they affect one another's happiness."—Id. "This is the machine that he invented."—Nixon cor. "To give this sentence the interrogative form, we must express it thus." Or: "This sentence, to have the interrogative form, should be expressed thus."—L. Murray cor. "Never employ words that are susceptible of a sense different from that which you intend to convey."—Hiley cor. "Sixty pages are occupied in explaining what, according to the ordinary method, would not require more than ten or twelve."—Id. "The participle in ing always expresses action, suffering, or being, as continuing, or in progress."—Bullions cor. "The first participle of all active verbs, has usually an active signification; as, 'James is building the house.' Often, however, it takes a passive meaning; as, 'The house is building.'"—Id. "Previously to parsing this sentence, the young pupil may be taught to analyze it, by such questions as the following: viz."—Id. "Since that period, however, attention has been paid to this important subject."—Id. and Hiley cor. "A definition of a word is a brief explanation of what it means."—G. BROWN: Hiley cor.

UNDER CRITICAL NOTE XIV.—OF IGNORANCE.

"What is a verb? It is a word which signifies to be, to act, or to be acted upon." Or thus: "What is an assertor? Ans. 'One who affirms positively; an affirmer, supporter, or vindicator.'—WEBSTER'S DICT."—Peirce cor. "Virgil wrote the AEneid."—Kirkham cor. "Which, to a supercilious or inconsiderate native of Japan, would seem very idle and impertinent."—Locke cor. "Will not a look of disdain cast upon you throw you into a ferment?"—Say cor. "Though only the conjunction if is here set before the verb, there are several others, (as that, though, lest, unless, except,) which may be used with the subjunctive mood."—L. Murray cor. "When proper names have an article before them, they are used as common names."—Id. et al. cor. "When a proper noun has an article before it, it is used as a common noun."—Merchant cor. "Seeming to rob the death-field of its terrors."—Id. "For the same reason, we might, without any detriment to the language, dispense with the terminations of our verbs in the singular."—Kirkham cor. "It removes all possibility of being misunderstood."—Abbott cor. "Approximation to perfection is all that we can expect."—Id. "I have often joined in singing with musicians at Norwich."—Gardiner cor. "When not standing in regular prosaic order." Or:—"in the regular order of prose."—O. B. Peirce cor. "Regardless of the dogmas and edicts of the philosophical umpire."—Kirkham cor. "Others begin to talk before their mouths are open, prefixing the mouth-closing M to most of their words; as, 'M-yes,' for 'Yes.'"—Gardiner cor. "That noted close of his 'esse videatur,' exposed him to censure among his contemporaries."—Dr. Blair cor. "A man's own is what he has, or possesses by right; the word own being a past participle of the verb to owe, which formerly signified to have or possess."—Kirkham cor. "As requires so; expressing a comparison of manner; as, 'As the one dieth, so dieth the other.'"—L. Mur. et al. cor. "To obey our parents, is an obvious duty."—Parker and Fox cor. "Almost all the political papers of the kingdom have touched upon these things."—H. C. Wright cor. "I shall take the liberty to make a few observations on the subject."—Hiley cor. "His loss I have endeavoured to supply, so far as by additional vigilance and industry I could."—Id. "That they should make vegetation so exuberant as to anticipate every want."—Frazee cor. "The guillemets, or quotation points, [""] denote that one or more words are extracted from an other author."—P. E. Day cor. "Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, was one of the most noted cities of ancient times."—Id. "It may, however, be rendered definite by the mention of some particular time; as, yesterday, last week, &c."—Bullions cor. "The last is called heroic measure, and is the same that is used by Milton, Young, Thomson, Pollok. &c."—Id. "Perennial ones must be sought in the delightful regions above."—Hallock cor. "Intransitive verbs are those which are inseparable from the effect produced." Or better: "Intransitive verbs are those which express action without governing an object."—Cutler cor. "The Feminine gender belongs to women, and animals of the female kind."—Id. "Wo unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites!"—ALGER'S BIBLE: Luke, xi, 44. "A pyrrhic, which has both its syllables short."—Day cor. "What kind of jessamine? A jessamine in flower, or a flowery jessamine."—Barrett cor. "LANGUAGE, a word derived from LINGUA, the tongue, now signifies any series of sounds or letters formed into words, and used for the expression of thought."—Id. See this Gram. of E. Grammars, p. 145. "Say 'none,' not 'ne'er a one.'"—Staniford cor. "'E'er a one,' [is sometimes used for 'any'] or 'either.'"—Pond cor.

"Earth loses thy pattern for ever and aye; O sailor-boy! sailor-boy! peace to thy soul." —Dymond.

"His brow was sad; his eye beneath Flashed like a falchion from its sheath." —Longfellow's Ballads, p. 129.

[Fist] [The examples exhibited for exercises under Critical Notes 15th and 16th, being judged either incapable of correction, or unworthy of the endeavour, are submitted to the criticism of the reader, without any attempt to amend them, or to offer substitutes in this place.]

PROMISCUOUS CORRECTIONS OF FALSE SYNTAX.

LESSON I.—UNDER VARIOUS RULES.

"Why is our language less refined than that of Italy, Spain, or France?"—L. Murray cor. "Why is our language less refined than the French?"—Ingersoll cor. "I believe your Lordship will agree with me, in the reason why our language is less refined than that of Italy, Spain, or France."—Swift cor. "Even in this short sentence, 'why our language is less refined than those of Italy, Spain, or France,' we may discern an inaccuracy; the pronominal adjective 'those' is made plural, when the substantive to which it refers, or the thing for which it stands, 'the language of Italy, Spain, or France,' is singular."—Dr. H. Blair cor. "The sentence would have run much better in this way:—'why our language is less refined than the Italian, the Spanish, or the French.'"—Id. "But when arranged in an entire sentence, as they must be to make a complete sense, they show it still more evidently."—L. Murray cor. "This is a more artificial and refined construction, than that in which the common connective is simply used."—Id. "I shall present to the reader a list of certain prepositions or prefixes, which are derived from the Latin and Greek languages."—Id. "A relative sometimes comprehends the meaning of a personal pronoun and a copulative conjunction."—Id. "Personal pronouns, being used to supply the places of nouns, are not often employed in the same clauses with the nouns which they represent."—Id. and Smith cor. "There is very seldom any occasion for a substitute where the principal word is present."—L. Mur. cor. "We hardly consider little children as persons, because the term person gives us the idea of reason, or intelligence."—Priestley et al. cor. "The occasions for exerting these two qualities are different."—Dr. Blair et al. cor. "I'll tell you with whom time ambles withal, with whom time trots withal, with whom time gallops withal, and with whom he stands still withal. I pray thee, with whom doth he trot withal?"—Buchanan's Gram., p. 122. "By greatness, I mean, not the bulk of any single object only but the largeness of a whole view."—Addison cor. "The question may then be put, What more does he than mean?"—Dr. Blair cor. "The question might be put, What more does he than mean?"—Id. "He is surprised to find himself at so great a distance from the object with which he set out."—Id.; also Murray cor. "Few rules can be given which will hold good in all cases."—Lowth and Mur. cor. "Versification is the arrangement of words into metrical lines, according to the laws of verse."—Johnson cor. "Versification is the arrangement of words into rhythmical lines of some particular length, so as to produce harmony by the regular alternation of syllables differing in quantity."—L. Murray et al. cor. "Amelia's friend Charlotte, to whom no one imputed blame, was too prompt in her own vindication."—L. Murray cor. "Mr. Pitt's joining of the war party in 1793, the most striking and the most fatal instance of this offence, is the one which at once presents itself."—Brougham cor. "To the framing of such a sound constitution of mind."—Lady cor. "'I beseech you,' said St. Paul to his Ephesian converts, 'that ye walk worthy of the vocation wherewith ye are called.' "—See Eph., iv, 1. "So as to prevent it from being equal to that."—Booth cor. "When speaking of an action as being performed." Or: "When speaking of the performance of an action."—Id. "And, in all questions of actions being so performed, est is added for the second person."—Id. "No account can be given of this, but that custom has blinded their eyes." Or: "No other account can be given of this, than that custom has blinded their eyes."—Dymond cor.

"Design, or chance, makes others wive; But nature did this match contrive."—Waller cor.

LESSON II.—UNDER VARIOUS RULES.

"I suppose each of you thinks it is his own nail."—Abbott cor. "They are useless, because they are apparently based upon this supposition."—Id. "The form, or manner, in which this plan may be adopted is various."—Id. "The making of intellectual effort, and the acquiring of knowledge, are always pleasant to the human mind."—Id. "This will do more than the best lecture that ever was delivered."—Id. "The doing of easy things is generally dull work."—Id. "Such are the tone and manner of some teachers."—Id. "Well, the fault is, that some one was disorderly at prayer time."—Id. "Do you remember to have spoken on this subject in school?"—Id. "The course above recommended, is not the trying of lax and inefficient measures"—Id. "Our community agree that there is a God."—Id. "It prevents them from being interested in what is said."—Id. "We will also suppose that I call an other boy to me, whom I have reason to believe to be a sincere Christian."—Id. "Five minutes' notice is given by the bell."—Id. "The Annals of Education give notice of it." Or: "The work entitled 'Annals of Education' gives notice of it."—Id. "Teachers' meetings will be interesting and useful."—Id. "She thought a half hour's study would conquer all the difficulties."—Id. "The difference between an honest and a hypocritical confession."—Id. "There is no point of attainment at which we must stop."—Id. "Now six hours' service is as much as is expected of teachers."—Id. "How many are seven times nine?"—Id. "Then the reckoning proceeds till it comes to ten hundred."—Frost cor. "Your success will depend on your own exertions; see, then, that you be diligent."—Id. "Subjunctive Mood, Present Tense: If I be known, If thou be known, If he be known;" &c.—Id. "If I be loved, If thou be loved, If he be loved;" &c.—Frost right. "An Interjection is a word used to express sudden emotion. Interjections are so called because they are generally thrown in between the parts of discourse, without any reference to the structure of those parts."—Frost cor. "The Cardinal numbers are those which simply tell how many; as, one, two, three."—Id. "More than one organ are concerned in the utterance of almost every consonant." Or thus: "More organs than one are concerned in the utterance of almost any consonant."—Id. "To extract from them all the terms which we use in our divisions and subdivisions of the art."—Holmes cor. "And there were written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe."—Bible cor. "If I were to be judged as to my behaviour, compared with that of John."—Whiston's Jos. cor. "The preposition to, signifying in order to, was anciently preceded by for; as, 'What went ye out for to see?'"—L. Murray's Gram., p. 184. "This makes the proper perfect tense, which in English is always expressed by the auxiliary verb have; as, 'I have written.'"—Dr. Blair cor. "Indeed, in the formation of character, personal exertion is the first, the second, and the third virtue."—Sanders cor. "The reducing of them to the condition of the beasts that perish."—Dymond cor. "Yet this affords no reason to deny that the nature of the gift is the same, or that both are divine." Or: "Yet this affords no reason to aver that the nature of the gift is not the same, or that both are not divine."—Id. "If God has made known his will."—Id. "If Christ has prohibited them, nothing else can prove them right."—Id. "That the taking of them is wrong, every man who simply consults his own heart, will know."—Id. "From these evils the world would be spared, if one did not write."—Id. "It is in a great degree our own fault."—Id. "It is worthy of observation, that lesson-learning is nearly excluded."—Id. "Who spares the aggressor's life, even to the endangering of his own."—Id. "Who advocates the taking of the life of an aggressor."—Id. "And thence up to the intentionally and voluntarily fraudulent."—Id. "And the contention was so sharp between them, that they departed asunder one from the other."—SCOTT'S, FRIENDS', ALGER'S, BRUCE'S BIBLE, AND OTHERS: Acts, xv, 39. "Here the man is John, and John is the man; so the words are imagination and fancy; but THE imagination and THE fancy are not words: they are intellectual powers."—Rev. M. Harrison cor. "The article, which is here so emphatic in the Greek, is quite forgotten in our translation."—Id. "We have no fewer than twenty-four pronouns."—Id. "It will admit of a pronoun joined to it."—Id. "From intercourse and from conquest, all the languages of Europe participate one with an other."—Id. "It is not always necessity, therefore, that has been the cause of our introducing of terms derived from the classical languages."—Id. "The man of genius stamps upon it any impression that pleases him." Or: "any impression that he chooses."—Id. "The proportion of names ending in SON preponderates greatly among the Dano-Saxon population of the North."—Id. "As a proof of the strong similarity between the English language and the Danish."—Id. "A century from the time when (or at which) Hengist and Horsa landed on the Isle of Thanet."—Id.

"I saw the colours waving in the wind, And them within, to mischief how combin'd."—Bunyan cor.

LESSON III.—UNDER VARIOUS RULES.

"A ship excepted: of which we say, 'She sails well.'"—Jonson cor. "Honesty is reckoned of little worth."—Lily cor. "Learn to esteem life as you ought."—Dodsley cor. "As the soundest health is less perceived than the lightest malady, so the highest joy toucheth us less sensibly than the smallest sorrow."—Id. "Youth is no apology for frivolousness."—Whiting cor. "The porch was of the same width as the temple."—Milman cor. "The other tribes contributed neither to his rise nor to his downfall."—Id. "His whole religion, with all its laws, would have been shaken to its foundation."—Id. "The English has most commonly been neglected, and children have been taught only in the Latin syntax."—J. Ward cor. "They are not noticed in the notes."— Id. "He walks in righteousness, doing what he would have others do to him."—Fisher cor. "They stand independent of the rest of the sentence."—Ingersoll cor. "My uncle and his son were in town yesterday."—Lennie cor. "She and her sisters are well."—Id. "His purse, with its contents, was abstracted from his pocket."—Id. "The great constitutional feature of this institution being, that directly after the acrimony of the last election is over, the acrimony of the next begins."—Dickens cor. "His disregarding of his parents' advice has brought him into disgrace."—Farnum cor. "Can you tell me why his father made that remark?"—Id. "Why does our teacher detain us so long?"—Id. "I am certain that the boy said so."—Id. "WHICH means any thing or things before named; and THAT may represent any person or persons, thing or things, that have been speaking, spoken to, or spoken of."—Perley cor. "A certain number of syllables occurring in a particular order, form a foot. Poetic feet are so called because it is by their aid that the voice, as it were, steps along."—L. Murray et al. cor. "Questions asked by a principal verb only—as, 'Teach I?' 'Burns he?' &c.,—are archaisms, and now peculiar to the poets."—A. Murray cor. "Tell whether the 18th, the 19th, the 20th, the 21st, the 22d, or the 23d rule is to be used, and repeat the rule."—Parker and Fox cor. "The resolution was adopted without much deliberation, and consequently caused great dissatisfaction." Or: "The resolution, which caused great dissatisfaction, was adopted without much deliberation."— Iid. "The man is now much noticed by the people thereabouts."—Webb's Edward's Gram. cor. "The sand prevents them from sticking to one an other."—Id. "Defective verbs are those which are used only in some of the moods and tenses."—Greenleaf's Gram., p. 29; Ingersoll's, 121; Smith's, 90; Merchant's, 64; Nutting's, 68; L. Murray, Guy, Russell, Bacon, Frost, Alger, S. Putnam, Goldsbury, Felton, et al. cor. "Defective verbs are those which want some of the moods or tenses."—Lennie et al. cor. "Defective verbs want some of the parts common to other verbs."—Bullions cor. "A Defective verb is one that wants some of the parts common to verbs."—Id. "To the irregular verbs may be added the defective; which are not only irregular, but also wanting in some parts."—Lowth cor. "To the irregular verbs may be added the defective; which are not only wanting in some parts, but are, when inflected, irregular."—Churchill cor. "When two or more nouns occur together in the possessive case."—Farnum cor. "When several short sentences come together"—Id. "Words are divided into ten classes, called Parts of Speech."—L. Ainsworth cor. "A passive verb has its agent or doer always in the objective case, governed by a preposition."—Id. "I am surprised at your inattention."—Id. "SINGULAR: Thou lovest, not You love. You has always a plural verb."—Bullions cor. "How do you know that love is of the first person? Ans. Because we, the pronoun, is of the first person."—Id. and Lennie cor. "The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea."—Gray's Elegy, l. 2: Bullions cor. "Iambic verses have their second, fourth, and other even syllables accented."—Bullions cor. "Contractions that are not allowable in prose, are often made in poetry."—Id. "Yet to their general's voice they soon obey'd"— Milton. "It never presents to his mind more than one new subject at the same time."—Felton cor. "An abstract noun is the name of some particular quality considered apart from its substance."—Brown's Inst. of E. Gram., p. 32. "A noun is of the first person when it denotes the speaker."—Felton cor. "Which of the two brothers is a graduate?"— Hallock cor. "I am a linen-draper bold, As all the world doth know."—Cowper. "Oh the pain, the bliss of dying!"—Pope. "This do; take to you censers, thou, Korah, and all thy company."—Bible cor. "There are three participles; the imperfect, the perfect, and the preperfect: as, reading, read, having read. Transitive verbs have an active and passive participle: that is, their form for the perfect is sometimes active, and sometimes passive; as, read, or loved."—S. S. Greene cor.

"O Heav'n, in my connubial hour decree My spouse this man, or such a man as he."—Pope cor.

LESSON IV.—UNDER VARIOUS RULES.

"The past tenses (of Hiley's subjunctive mood) represent conditional past facts or events, of which the speaker is uncertain."—Hiley cor. "Care also should be taken that they be not introduced too abundantly."—Id. "Till they have become familiar to the mind." Or: "Till they become familiar to the mind."—Id. "When once a particular arrangement and phraseology have become familiar to the mind."—Id. "I have furnished the student with the plainest and most practical directions that I could devise."—Id. "When you are conversant with the Rules of Grammar, you will be qualified to commence the study of Style."—Id. "C before e, i, or y, always has a soft sound, like s."—L. Murray cor. "G before e, i, or y, is generally soft; as in genius, ginger, Egypt."—Id. "C before e, i, or y, always sounds soft, like s."—Hiley cor. "G is generally soft before e, i, or y; as in genius, ginger, Egypt."—Id. "A perfect alphabet must always contain just as many letters as there are elementary sounds in the language: the English alphabet, having fewer letters than sounds, and sometimes more than one letter for the same sound, is both defective and redundant."—Id. "A common noun is a name, given to a whole class or species, and is applicable to every individual of that class."—Id. "Thus an adjective has usually a noun either expressed or understood."—Id. "Emphasis is extraordinary force used in the enunciation of such words as we wish to make prominent in discourse." Or: "Emphasis is a peculiar stress of voice, used in the utterance of words specially significant."—Dr. H. Blair cor.; also L. Murray. "So simple a question as. 'Do you ride to town to-day?' is capable of as many as four different acceptations, the sense varying as the emphasis is differently placed."—Iid. "Thus, bravely, for 'in a brave manner.' is derived from brave-like."—Hiley cor. "In this manner, several different parts of speech are often formed from one root by means of different affixes."—Id. "Words derived from the same root, are always more or less allied in signification."—Id. "When a noun of multitude conveys the idea of unity, the verb and pronoun should be singular; but when it conveys the idea of plurality, the verb and pronoun must be plural."—Id. "They have spent their whole time to make the sacred chronology agree with the profane."—Id. "I have studied my lesson, but you have not looked at yours."—Id. "When words are connected in pairs, there is usually a comma after each pair."— Hiley, Bullions, and Lennie, cor. "When words are connected in pairs, the pairs should be marked by the comma."—Farnum cor. "His book entitled, 'Studies of Nature,' is deservedly a popular work."—Biog. Dict. cor.

"Here rests his head upon the lap of earth, A youth to Fortune and to Fame unknown."—GRAY.

"'Youth,' here, is in the nominative case, (the verb 'rests' being, in this instance, transitive,) and is the subject of the sentence. The meaning is, 'A youth here rests his head,' &c."—Hart cor. "The pronoun I, as well as the interjection O, should be written with a capital." Or: "The pronoun I, and the interjection O, should be written with capitals"—Weld cor. "The pronoun I should always be written with a capital."—Id. "He went from London to York."—Id. "An adverb is a word added to a verb, a participle, an adjective, or an other adverb, to modify its meaning."—Id. (See Lesson 1st under the General Rule.) "SINGULAR signifies, 'expressing only one;' denoting but one person or thing. PLURAL, (Latin pluralis, from plus, more,) signifies, 'expressing more than one.'"—Weld cor. "When the present ends in e, d only is added to form the imperfect tense and the perfect participle of regular verbs."—Id. "Synaeresis is the contraction of two syllables into one; as, seest for seest, drowned for drown-ed."—Id. (See Brown's Inst. p. 230.) "Words ending in ee are often inflected by mere consonants, and without receiving an additional syllable beginning with e: as, see, seest, sees; agree, agreed, agrees."—Weld cor. "In monosyllables, final f, l, or s, preceded by a single vowel, is doubled; as in staff, mill, grass."—Id. "Before ing, words ending in ie drop the e, and change the i into y; as, die, dying."—Id." One number may be used for the other—or, rather, the plural may be used for the singular; as, we for I, you for thou."—S. S. Greene cor. "STR~OB'ILE, n. A pericarp made up of scales that lie one over an other."—Worcester cor.

"Yet ever, from the clearest source, hath run Some gross alloy, some tincture of the man."—Lowth cor.

LESSON V.—UNDER VARIOUS RULES.

"The possessive case is usually followed by a noun, expressed or understood, which is the name of the thing possessed."—Felton cor. "Hadmer of Aggstein was as pious, devout, and praying a Christian, as was Nelson, Washington, or Jefferson; or as is Wellington, Tyler, Clay, or Polk."—H. C. Wright cor. "A word in the possessive case is not an independent noun, and cannot stand by itself."—J. W. Wright cor. "Mary is not handsome, but she is good-natured; and good-nature is better than beauty."—St. Quentin cor. "After the practice of joining all words together had ceased, a note of distinction was placed at the end of every word."—L. Murray et al. cor. "Neither Henry nor Charles dissipates his time."—Hallock cor. "'He had taken from the Christians above thirty small castles.' KNOLLES:"—Brown's Institutes, p. 200; Johnson's Quarto Dict., w. What. "In what character Butler was admitted, is unknown." Or: "In whatever character Butler was admitted, that character is unknown."—Hallock cor. "How are the agent of a passive and the object of an active verb often left?"—Id. "By SUBJECT, is meant the word of whose object something is declared." Or: "By SUBJECT, is meant the word which has something declared of the thing signified."—Chandler cor. "Care should also be taken that a transitive verb be not used in stead of a neuter or intransitive; as, lay for lie, raise for rise, set for sit, &c."—Id. "On them depends the duration of our Constitution and our country."—Calhoun cor. "In the present sentence, neither the sense nor the measure requires WHAT."—Chandler cor. "The Irish thought themselves oppressed by the law that forbid them to draw with their horses' tails."—Brightland cor. "So and willingly are adverbs. So is an adverb of degree, and qualifies willingly. Willingly is an adverb of manner, and qualifies deceives."—Cutler cor. "Epicurus, for experiment's sake, confined himself to a narrower diet than that of the severest prisons."—Id. "Derivative words are such as are formed from other words by prefixes or suffixes; as, injustice, goodness, falsehood."—Id. "The distinction here insisted on is as old as Aristotle, and should not be lost from sight." Or: "and it should still be kept in view."—Hart cor. "The Tenses of the Subjunctive and Potential Moods." Or: "The Tenses of the Subjunctive and the Potential Mood."—Id. "A triphthong is a union of three vowels, uttered by a single impulse of the voice; as, uoy in buoy"—Pardon Davis cor. "A common noun is the name of a species or kind."—Id. "The superlative degree implies a comparison either between two or among more."—Id. "An adverb is a word serving to give an additional idea to a verb, a participle, an adjective, or an other adverb."—Id. "When several nouns in the possessive case occur in succession, each showing possession of things of the same sort, it is generally necessary to add the sign of the possessive case to each of them: as, 'He sells men's, women's, and children's shoes.'—'Dogs', cats', and tigers' feet are digitated.'"—Id. "'A rail-road is being made,' should be, 'A railroad is making;' 'A school-house is being built,' should be, 'A schoolhouse is building.'"—Id. "Auxiliaries are of themselves verbs; yet they resemble, in their character and use, those terminational or other inflections which, in other languages, serve to express the action in the mood, tense, person, and number desired."—Id. "Please to hold my horse while I speak to my friend."—Id. "If I say, 'Give me the book,' I demand some particular book."—Noble Butler cor. "Here are five men."—Id. "After the active verb, the object may be omitted; after the passive, the name of the agent may be omitted."—Id. "The Progressive and Emphatic forms give, in each case, a different shade of meaning to the verb."—Hart cor. "THAT may be called a Redditive Conjunction, when it answers to so or SUCH."—Ward cor. "He attributes to negligence your want of success in that business."—Smart cor. "Do WILL and GO express but one action?" Or: "Does 'will go' express but one action?"—Barrett cor. "Language is the principal vehicle of thought."—G. Brown's Inst., Pref., p. iii. "Much is applied to things weighed or measured; many, to those that are numbered. Elder and eldest are applied to persons only; older and oldest, to either persons or things."—Bullions cor. "If there are any old maids still extant, while misogynists are so rare, the fault must be attributable to themselves."—Kirkham cor. "The second method, used by the Greeks, has never been the practice of any other people of Europe."—Sheridan cor. "Neither consonant nor vowel is to be dwelt upon beyond its common quantity, when it closes a sentence." Or: "Neither consonants nor vowels are to be dwelt upon beyond their common quantity, when they close a sentence." Or, better thus: "Neither a consonant nor a vowel, when it closes a sentence, is to be protracted beyond its usual length."—Id. "Irony is a mode of speech, in which what is said, is the opposite of what is meant."—McElligott's Manual, p. 103. "The person speaking, and the person or persons spoken to, are supposed to be present."—Wells cor.; also Murray. "A Noun is a name, a word used to express the idea of an object."—Wells cor. "A syllable is such a word, or part of a word, as is uttered by one articulation."—Weld cor.

"Thus wond'rous fair; thyself how wond'rous then! Unspeakable, who sitst above these heavens."—Milton, B. v, l. 156.

"And feel thy sovran vital lamp; but thou Revisitst not these eyes, that roll in vain."—Id., iii, 22.

"Before all temples th' upright heart and pure."—Id., i, 18.

"In forest wild, in thicket, brake, or den."—Id., vii, 458.

"The rogue and fool by fits are fair and wise; And e'en the best, by fits, what they despise."—Pope cor.

THE KEY.—PART IV.—PROSODY.

CHAPTER I.—PUNCTUATION.

SECTION I.—THE COMMA.

CORRECTIONS UNDER RULE I.—OF SIMPLE SENTENCES.

"A short simple sentence should rarely be divided by the comma."—Felton cor. "A regular and virtuous education is an inestimable blessing."—L. Mur. cor. "Such equivocal expressions mark an intention to deceive."—Id. "They are this and that, with their plurals these and those."—Bullions cor. "A nominative and a verb sometimes make a complete sentence; as, He sleeps."—Felton cor. "TENSE expresses the action as connected with certain relations of time; MOOD represents it as further modified by circumstances of contingency, conditionality, &c."—Bullions cor. "The word noun means name."—Ingersoll cor. "The present or active participle I explained then."—Id. "Are some verbs used both transitively and intransitively?"—Cooper cor. "Blank verse is verse without rhyme."—Brown's Institutes, p. 235. "A distributive adjective denotes each one of a number considered separately."—Hallock cor.

"And may at last my weary age Find out the peaceful hermitage." —MILTON: Ward's Gr., 158; Hiley's, 124.

UNDER THE EXCEPTION CONCERNING SIMPLE SENTENCES.

"A noun without an article to limit it, is taken in its widest sense."—Lennie, p. 6. "To maintain a steady course amid all the adversities of life, marks a great mind."—Day cor. "To love our Maker supremely and our neighbour as ourselves, comprehends the whole moral law."—Id. "To be afraid to do wrong, is true courage."—Id. "A great fortune in the hands of a fool, is a great misfortune."—Bullions cor. "That he should make such a remark, is indeed strange."—Farnum cor. "To walk in the fields and groves, is delightful."—Id. "That he committed the fault, is most certain."—Id. "Names common to all things of the same sort or class, are called Common nouns; as, man, woman, day."—Bullions cor. "That it is our duty to be pious, admits not of any doubt."—Id. "To endure misfortune with resignation, is the characteristic of a great mind."—Id. "The assisting of a friend in such circumstances, was certainly a duty."—Id. "That a life of virtue is the safest, is certain."—Hallock cor. "A collective noun denoting the idea of unity, should be represented by a pronoun of the singular number."—Id.

UNDER RULE II.—OF SIMPLE MEMBERS.

"When the sun had arisen, the enemy retreated."—Day cor. "If he become rich, he may be less industrious."—Bullions cor. "The more I study grammar, the better I like it."—Id. "There is much truth in the old adage, that fire is a better servant than master."—Id. "The verb do, when used as an auxiliary, gives force or emphasis to the expression."—P. E. Day cor. "Whatsoever is incumbent upon a man to do, it is surely expedient to do well."—Adams cor. "The soul, which our philosophy divides into various capacities, is still one essence."—Channing cor. "Put the following words in the plural, and give the rule for forming it."—Bullions cor. "We will do it, if you wish."—Id. "He who does well, will be rewarded."—Id. "That which is always true, is expressed in the present tense."—Id. "An observation which is always true, must be expressed in the present tense."—Id. "That part of orthography which treats of combining letters to form syllables and words, is called SPELLING."—Day cor. "A noun can never be of the first person, except it is in apposition with a pronoun of that person."—Id. "When two or more singular nouns or pronouns refer to the same object, they require a singular verb and pronoun."—Id. "James has gone, but he will return in a few days."—Id. "A pronoun should have the same person, number, and gender, as the noun for which it stands."—Id. "Though he is out of danger, he is still afraid."—Bullions cor. "She is his inferior in sense, but his equal in prudence."—Murray's Exercises, p. 6. "The man who has no sense of religion, is little to be trusted."—Bullions cor. "He who does the most good, has the most pleasure."—Id. "They were not in the most prosperous circumstances, when we last saw them."—Id. "If the day continue pleasant, I shall return."—Felton cor. "The days that are past, are gone forever."—Id. "As many as are friendly to the cause, will sustain it."—Id. "Such as desire aid, will receive it."—Id. "Who gave you that book, which you prize so much?"—Bullions cor. "He who made it, now preserves and governs it."—Id.

"Shall he alone, whom rational we call, Be pleas'd with nothing, if not blest with all?"—Pope.

UNDER THE EXCEPTIONS CONCERNING SIMPLE MEMBERS.

"Newcastle is the town in which Akenside was born."—Bucke cor. "The remorse which issues in reformation, is true repentance."—Campbell cor. "Men who are intemperate, are destructive members of community."— Alexander cor. "An active-transitive verb expresses an action which extends to an object."—Felton cor. "They to whom much is given, will have much, to answer for."—L. Murray cor. "The prospect which we have, is charming."—Cooper cor. "He is the person who informed me of the matter."—Id. "These are the trees that produce no fruit."—Id. "This is the book which treats of the subject."—Id. "The proposal was such as pleased me."—Id. "Those that sow in tears, shall reap in joy."—Id. "The pen with which I write, makes too large a mark."—Ingersoll cor. "Modesty makes large amends for the pain it gives the persons who labour under it, by the prejudice it affords every worthy person, in their favour."—Id. "Irony is a figure whereby we plainly intend something very different from what our words express."—Bucke cor. "Catachresis is a figure whereby an improper word is used in stead of a proper one."—Id. "The man whom you met at the party, is a Frenchman."—Frost cor.

UNDER RULE III.—OF MORE THAN TWO WORDS.

"John, James, and Thomas, are here: that is, John, and James, and Thomas, are here."—Cooper cor. "Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs."—Bullions, E. Gram., p. 116. "To Nouns belong Person, Gender, Number, and Case."—Id., ib., p. 9. "Wheat, corn, rye, and oats, are extensively cultivated."—Bullions cor. "In many, the definitions, rules, and leading facts, are prolix, inaccurate, and confused."—Finch cor. "Most people consider it mysterious, difficult, and useless."—Id. "His father, and mother, and uncle, reside at Rome."—Farnum cor. "The relative pronouns are who, which, and that."—Bullions, E. Gram., p. 23. "That is sometimes a demonstrative, sometimes a relative, and sometimes a conjunction."—Bullions cor. "Our reputation, virtue, and happiness, greatly depend on the choice of our companions."—Day cor. "The spirit of true religion is social, kind, and cheerful."—Felton cor. "Do, be, have, and will, are sometimes principal verbs."—Id. "John, and Thomas, and Peter, reside at Oxford."—Webster cor. "The most innocent pleasures are the most rational, the most delightful, and the most durable."—Id. "Love, joy, peace, and blessedness, are reserved for the good."—Id. "The husband, wife, and children, suffered extremely."—L. Murray cor. "The husband, wife, and children, suffer extremely."—Sanborn cor. "He, you, and I, have our parts assigned us."—Id.

"He moaned, lamented, tugged, and tried, Repented, promised, wept, and sighed."—Cowper.

UNDER RULE IV.—OF ONLY TWO WORDS.

"Disappointments derange and overcome vulgar minds."—L. Murray cor. "The hive of a city or kingdom, is in the best condition, when there is the least noise or buzz in it."—Id. "When a direct address is made, the noun or pronoun is in the nominative case, independent."—Ingersoll cor. "The verbs love and teach, make loved and taught, in the imperfect and participle."—Id. "Neither poverty nor riches were injurious to him."—Murray's Gram., 8vo, p. 152. "Thou or I am in fault."—Id., p. 152. "A verb is a word that expresses action or being."—P. E. Day cor. "The Objective Case denotes the object of a verb or a preposition."—Id. "Verbs of the second conjugation may be either transitive or intransitive."—Id. "Verbs of the fourth conjugation may be either transitive or intransitive."—Id. "If a verb does not form its past indicative by adding d or ed to the indicative present, it is said to be irregular."—Id. "The young lady is studying rhetoric and logic."—Cooper cor. "He writes and speaks the language very correctly."—Id. "Man's happiness or misery is, in a great measure, put into his own hands."—Mur. cor. "This accident or characteristic of nouns, is called their Gender."—Bullions cor.

"Grant that the powerful still the weak control; Be man the wit and tyrant of the whole."—Pope cor.

UNDER EXCEPTION I.—TWO WORDS WITH ADJUNCTS.

"Franklin is justly considered the ornament of the New World, and the pride of modern philosophy."—Day cor. "Levity, and attachment to worldly pleasures, destroy the sense of gratitude to Him."—L. Mur. cor. "In the following Exercise, point out the adjectives, and the substantives which they qualify."—Bullions cor. "When a noun or pronoun is used to explain, or give emphasis to, a preceding noun or pronoun."—Day cor. "Superior talents, and brilliancy of intellect, do not always constitute a great man."—Id. "A word that makes sense after an article, or after the phrase speak of, is a noun."—Bullions cor. "All feet used in poetry, are reducible to eight kinds; four of two syllables, and four of three."—Hiley cor. "He would not do it himself, not let me do it."—Lennie's Gram., p. 64. "The old writers give examples of the subjunctive mood, and give other moods to explain what is meant by the words in the subjunctive."—O. B. Peirce cor.

UNDER EXCEPTION II.—TWO TERMS CONTRASTED.

"We often commend, as well as censure, imprudently."—L. Mur. cor. "It is as truly a violation of the right of property, to take a little, as to take much; to purloin a book or a penknife, as to steal money; to steal fruit, as to steal a horse; to defraud the revenue, as to rob my neighbour; to overcharge the public, as to overcharge my brother; to cheat the post-office, as to cheat my friend."—Wayland cor. "The classification of verbs has been, and still is, a vexed question."—Bullions cor. "Names applied only to individuals of a sort or class, and not common to all, are called Proper nouns."—Id. "A hero would desire to be loved, as well as to be reverenced."—Day cor. "Death, or some worse misfortune, now divides them." Better: "Death, or some other misfortune, soon divides them."—Murray's Gram., p. 151. "Alexander replied, 'The world will not permit two suns, nor two sovereigns.'"—Goldsmith cor.

"From nature's chain, whatever link you strike, Tenth, or ten-thousandth, breaks the chain alike."—Pope.

UNDER EXCEPTION III.—OF AN ALTERNATIVE OF WORDS.

"Metre, or Measure, is the number of poetical feet which a verse contains."—Hiley cor. "The Caesura, or division, is the pause which takes place in a verse, and which divides it into two parts."—Id. "It is six feet, or one fathom, deep."—Bullions cor. "A Brace is used in poetry, at the end of a triplet, or three lines which rhyme together."—Felton cor. "There are four principal kinds of English verse, or poetical feet."—Id. "The period, or full stop, denotes the end of a complete sentence."—Sanborn cor. "The scholar is to receive as many jetons, or counters, as there are words in the sentence."—St. Quentin cor. "That [thing], or the thing, which purifies, fortifies also the heart."—O. B. Peirce cor. "That thing, or the thing, which would induce a laxity in public or private morals, or indifference to guilt and wretchedness, should be regarded as the deadly Sirocco."—Id. "What is, elliptically, what thing, or that thing which."—Sanborn cor. "Demonstrate means show, or point out precisely."—Id. "The man, or that man, who endures to the end, shall be saved."—Hiley cor.

UNDER EXCEPTION IV.—OF A SECOND COMMA.

"That reason, passion, answer one great aim."—POPE: Bullions and Hiley cor. "Reason, virtue, answer one great aim."—L. Murray's Gram., p. 269; Cooper's Murray, 182; Comly, 145; Ingersoll, 282; Sanborn, 268; Kirkham, 212; et al. "Every good gift, and every perfect gift, is from above."—James, i, 17. "Every plant, and every tree, produces others after its kind."—Day cor. "James, and not John, was paid for his services."—Id. "The single dagger, or obelisk [Dagger], is the second."—Id. "It was I, not he, that did it."—St. Quentin cor. "Each aunt, each cousin, hath her speculation."—Byron. "'I shall see you when you come,' is equivalent to, 'I shall see you then, or at that time, when you come.'"—N. Butler cor.

"Let wealth, let honour, wait the wedded dame; August her deed, and sacred be her fame."—Pope cor.

UNDER RULE V.—OF WORDS IN PAIRS.

"My hopes and fears, joys and sorrows, centre in you."—Greenleaf or Sanborn cor. "This mood implies possibility or liberty, will or obligation."—Ingersoll cor. "Substance is divided into body and spirit, into extended and thinking."—Brightland cor. "These consonants, [d and t,] like p and b, f and v, k and hard g, and s and z, are letters of the same organ."—J. Walker cor. "Neither fig nor twist, pigtail nor Cavendish, has passed my lips since; nor ever shall again."—Cultivator cor. "The words whoever or whosoever, whichever or whichsoever, and whatever or whatsoever, are called Compound Relative Pronouns."—Day cor. "Adjectives signifying profit or disprofit, likeness or unlikeness, govern the dative."—Bullions cor.

UNDER RULE VI.—OF WORDS ABSOLUTE.

"Thy rod and thy staff, they comfort me."—Psalm xxiii 4. "Depart, ye wicked."—J. W. Wright cor. "He saith unto his mother. Woman, behold thy son!"—John, xix, 26. "Thou, God, seest me."—Bullions cor. "John, write me a letter. Henry, go home."—O. B. Peirce cor., twice. "Now, G. Brown, let us reason together."—Id. "Mr. Smith, you say, on page 11th, 'The objective case denotes the object'"—Id. "Gentlemen, will you always speak as you mean?"—Id. "John, I sold my books to William, for his brothers."—Id. "Walter, and Seth, I will take my things, and leave yours."—Id. "Henry, Julia and Jane left their umbrella, and took yours."—Id. "John, harness the horses, and go to the mine for some coal."—Id. "William, run to the store, for a few pounds of tea."—Id. "The king being dead, the parliament was dissolved."—Chandler cor.

"Cease, fond Nature, cease thy strife, And let me languish into life." —Pope, Brit. Poets, vi, 317.

"Forbear, great man, in arms renown'd, forbear." —Hiley's Gram., p. 127.

"Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind! Each prayer accepted, and each wish resign'd." —Pope, Brit. Poets, vi, 335.

UNDER RULE VII.—OF WORDS IN APPOSITION.

"We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice," &c.—Constit. of U. S. "The Lord, the covenant God of his people, requires it."—A. S. Mag. cor. "He, as a patriot, deserves praise."—Hallock cor. "Thomson, the watchmaker and jeweller from London, was of the party."—Bullions cor. "Every body knows that the person here spoken of by the name of 'the Conqueror,' is William, duke of Normandy."—L. Mur. cor. "The words myself, thyself, himself, herself, itself, and their plurals, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves, are called Compound Personal Pronouns."—Day cor.

"For who, to dumb forgetfulness a prey, This pleasing, anxious being e'er resign'd, Left the warm precincts of the cheerful day Nor cast one longing, ling'ring look behind?"—GRAY: Mur. Seq.

UNDER THE EXCEPTIONS CONCERNING APPOSITION.

"Smith & Williams's store; Nicholas the emperor's army."—Day cor. "He was named William the Conqueror."—Id. "John the Baptist was beheaded."—Id. "Alexander the coppersmith did me much evil."—2 Tim., iv, 14. "A nominative in immediate apposition: as, 'The boy Henry speaks.'"—Smart cor. "A noun objective can be in apposition with some other; as, 'I teach the boy Henry.'"—Id.

UNDER RULE VIII.—OF ADJECTIVES.

"But he found me, not singing at my work, ruddy with health, vivid with cheerfulness; but pale," &c.—DR. JOHNSON: Murray's Sequel, p. 4. "I looked up, and beheld an inclosure, beautiful as the gardens of paradise, but of a small extent."—HAWKESWORTH: ib., p. 20. "A is an article, indefinite, and belongs to 'book.'"—Bullions cor. "The first expresses the rapid movement of a troop of horse over the plain, eager for the combat."—Id. "He [, the Indian chieftain, King Philip,] was a patriot, attached to his native soil; a prince, true to his subjects, and indignant of their wrongs; a soldier, daring in battle, firm in adversity, patient of fatigue, of hunger, of every variety of bodily suffering, and ready to perish in the cause he had espoused."—W. Irving.

"For thee, who, mindful of th' unhonour'd dead, Dost in these lines their artless tale relate." —GRAY: Mur. Seq., p. 258.

"Some mute inglorious Milton here may rest; Some Cromwell, guiltless of his country's blood." —GRAY: Enf. Sp., p. 245.

"Idle after dinner [,] in his chair, Sat a farmer, ruddy, fat, and fair." —Murray's Gram., p. 257.

UNDER THE EXCEPTION CONCERNING ADJECTIVES.

"When an attribute becomes a title, or is emphatically applied to a name, it follows it: as, Charles the Great; Henry the First; Lewis the Gross."—Webster cor. "Feed me with food convenient for me."—Prov., xxx, 8. "The words and phrases necessary to exemplify every principle progressively laid down, will be found strictly and exclusively adapted to the illustration of the principles to which they are referred."—Ingersoll cor. "The Infinitive Mood is that form of the verb which expresses being or action unlimited by person or number."—Day cor. "A man diligent in his business, prospers."—Frost cor.

"Oh wretched state! oh bosom black as death!" —SHAK.: Enfield, p. 368.

UNDER RULE IX.—OF FINITE VERBS.

"The Singular denotes one; the Plural, more than one."—Bullions and Lennie cor. "The Comma represents the shortest pause; the Semicolon, a pause longer than the comma; the Colon, longer than the semicolon; and the Period, longer than the colon."—Hiley cor. "The Comma represents the shortest pause; the Semicolon, a pause double that of the Comma; the Colon, double that of the semicolon; and the Period, double that of the colon."—L. Murray's Gram., p. 266. "WHO is applied only to persons; WHICH, to animals and things; WHAT, to things only; and THAT, to persons, animals, and things."—Day cor. "A or an is used before the singular number only; the, before either singular or plural."—Bullions cor. "Homer was the greater genius; Virgil, the better artist."—Day cor.; also Pope. "Words are formed of syllables; syllables, of letters."—St. Quentin cor. "The conjugation of an active verb is styled the ACTIVE VOICE; and that of a passive verb, the PASSIVE VOICE."—Frost cor.; also Smith: L. Murray's Gram., p. 77. "The possessive is sometimes called the genitive case; and the objective, the accusative."—L. Murray cor. "Benevolence is allied to few vices; selfishness, to fewer virtues."—Kames cor. "Orthography treats of Letters; Etymology, of words; Syntax, of Sentences; and Prosody, of Versification."—Hart cor.

"Earth praises conquerors for shedding blood; Heaven, those that love their foes, and do them good."—Waller.

UNDER RULE X.—OF INFINITIVES.

"His business is, to observe the agreement or disagreement of words."—Bullions cor. "It is a mark of distinction, to be made a member of this society."—Farnum cor. "To distinguish the conjugations, let the pupil observe the following rules."—Day cor. "He was now sent for, to preach before the Parliament."—E. Williams cor. "It is incumbent on the young, to love and honour their parents."—Bullions cor. "It is the business of every man, to prepare for death."—Id. "It argued the sincerest candor, to make such an acknowledgement."—Id. "The proper way is, to complete the construction of the first member, and leave that of the second elliptical."—Id. "ENEMY is a name. It is a term of distinction, given to a certain person, to show the character in which he is represented."—Peirce cor. "The object of this is, to preserve the soft sounds of c and g."—Hart cor. "The design of grammar is, to facilitate the reading, writing, and speaking of a language."—Barrett cor. "Four kinds of type are used in the following pages, to indicate the portions that are considered more or less elementary."—Hart cor.

UNDER RULE XI.—OF PARTICIPLES.

"The chancellor, being attached to the king, secured his crown."—Murray's Grammar, p. 66. "The officer, having received his orders, proceeded to execute them."—Day cor. "Thus used, it is in the present tense."—Bullions, E. Gr., 2d Ed., p. 35. "The imperfect tense has three distinct forms, corresponding to those of the present tense."—Bullions cor. "Every possessive case is governed by some noun, denoting the thing possessed."—Id. "The word that, used as a conjunction, is [generally] preceded by a comma."—Hiley's Gram., p. 114. "His narrative, being composed upon so good authority, deserves credit."—Cooper cor. "The hen, being in her nest, was killed and eaten there by the eagle."—Murray cor. "Pronouns, being used in stead of nouns, are subject to the same modifications."—Sanborn cor. "When placed at the beginning of words, they are consonants."—Hallock cor. "Man, starting from his couch, shall sleep no more."—Young. "His and her, followed by a noun, are possessive pronouns; not followed by a noun, they are personal pronouns."—Bullions cor.

"He, with viny crown advancing, First to the lively pipe his hand address'd."—Collins.

UNDER THE EXCEPTION CONCERNING PARTICIPLES.

"But when they convey the idea of many acting individually, or separately, they are of the plural number."—Day cor. "Two or more singular antecedents connected by and, [when they happen to introduce more than one verb and more than one pronoun,] require verbs and pronouns of the plural number."—Id. "Words ending in y preceded by a consonant change y into i, when a termination is added."—N. Butler cor. "A noun used without an article to limit it, is generally taken in its widest sense."—Ingersoll cor. "Two nouns meaning the same person or thing, frequently come together."—Bucke cor. "Each one must give an account to God for the use, or abuse, of the talents committed to him."—Cooper cor. "Two vowels united in one sound, form a diphthong."—Frost cor. "Three vowels united in one sound, form a triphthong."—Id. "Any word joined to an adverb, is a secondary adverb."—Barrett cor. "The person spoken to, is put in the Second person; the person spoken of, in the Third person."—Cutler cor. "A man devoted to his business, prospers."—Frost cor.

UNDER RULE XII.—OF ADVERBS.

"So, in indirect questions; as, 'Tell me when he will come.'"—Butler cor. "Now, when the verb tells what one person or thing does to an other, it is transitive."—Bullions cor. "Agreeably to your request, I send this letter."—Id. "There seems, therefore, to be no good reason for giving them a different classification."—Id. "Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a merchant-man seeking good pearls."—Scott's Bible, Smith's, and Bruce's. "Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a net that was cast into the sea."—Same. "Cease, however, is used as a transitive verb by our best writers."—Webster cor. "Time admits of three natural divisions; namely, Present, Past, and Future."—Day cor. "There are three kinds of comparison; namely, Regular, Irregular, and Adverbial"—Id. "There are five personal pronouns; namely, I, thou, he, she, and it."—Id. "Nouns have three cases: viz., the Nominative, the Possessive, and the Objective."—Bullions cor. "Hence, in studying Grammar, we have to study words."—Frazee cor. "Participles, like verbs, relate to nouns and pronouns."—Miller cor. "The time of the participle, like that of the infinitive, is estimated from the time of the leading verb."—Bullions cor.

"The dumb shall sing, the lame his crutch forego, And leap exulting, like the bounding roe."—Pope.

UNDER RULE XIII.—OF CONJUNCTIONS.

"But he said, Nay; lest, while ye gather up the tares, ye root up also the wheat with them."—Scott's Bible et al. "Their intentions were good: but, wanting prudence, they missed the mark at which they aimed."—L. Mur. cor. "The verb be often separates the name from its attribute; as, 'War is expensive.'"—Webster cor. "Either and or denote an alternative; as, 'I will take either road at your pleasure.'"—Id. "Either is also a substitute for a name; as, 'Either of the roads is good.'"—Id. "But, alas! I fear the consequence."—Day cor. "Or, if he ask a fish, will he for a fish give him a serpent?"—Luke, xi, 11. "Or, if he shall ask an egg, will he offer him a scorpion?"—ALGER'S BIBLE: Luke, xi, 12. "The infinitive sometimes performs the office of a nominative case; as, 'To enjoy is to obey.'—POPE."—Cutler cor. "The plural is commonly formed by adding s to the singular; as, book, books."—Bullions, P. Lessons, p. 16. "As, 'I were to blame, if I did it.'"—Smart cor.

"Or, if it be thy will and pleasure, Direct my plough to find a treasure."

UNDER RULE XIV.—OF PREPOSITIONS.

"Pronouns agree with the nouns for which they stand, in gender, number, and person."—Butler and Bullions cor. "In the first two examples, the antecedent is person, or something equivalent; in the last [one], it is thing."—N. Butler cor. "In what character he was admitted, is unknown."—Id. "To what place he was going, is not known."—Id. "In the preceding examples, John, Caesar, and James, are the subjects."—Id. "Yes is generally used to denote assent, in answer to a question."—Id. "That, in its origin, is the passive participle of the Anglo-Saxon verb thean, [thegan, thicgan, thicgean, or thigan,] to take."—Id. "But, in all these sentences, as and so are adverbs."—Id. "After an interjection or an exclamatory sentence, is usually placed the mark of exclamation."—D. Blair cor. "Intransitive verbs, from their nature, can have no distinction of voice."—Bullions cor. "To the inflection of verbs, belong Voices, Moods, Tenses, Numbers, and Persons."—Id. "As and so, in the antecedent member of a comparison, are properly Adverbs." Better: "As OR so, in the antecedent member of a comparison, is properly an adverb."—Id. "In the following Exercise, point out the words in apposition."—Id. "In the following Exercise, point out the noun or pronoun denoting the possessor."—Id. "Its is not found in the Bible, except by misprint."—Brown's Institutes, p. 49. "No one's interest is concerned, except mine."—Hallock cor. "In most of the modern languages, there are four concords."—St. Quentin cor. "In illustration of these remarks, let us suppose a case."—Hart cor. "On the right management of the emphasis, depends the life of pronunciation."—J. S. Hart and L. Murray cor. See Blair's Rhet., p. 330.

UNDER RULE XV.—OF INTERJECTIONS.

"Behold, he is in the desert."—Friend's Bible. "And Lot said unto them, Oh, not so, my Lord."—Alger's Bible. "Oh, let me escape thither, (is it not a little one?) and my soul shall live."—Friend's Bible, and Alger's. "Behold, I come quickly."—Rev., xxii, 7. "Lo, I am with you always."—Day cor. "And, lo, I am with you alway."—Alger's Bible: Day cor.; also Scott and Bruce. "Ha, ha, ha; how laughable that is!"—Bullions cor. "Interjections of laughter; ha, ha, Ha."—Wright cor.

UNDER RULE XVI.—OF WORDS REPEATED.

"Lend, lend your wings!" &c.—Pope. "To bed, to bed, to bed. There is a knocking at the gate. Come, come, come. What is done, cannot be undone. To bed, to bed, to bed."—SHAKSPEARE: Burghs Speaker, p. 130. "I will roar, that the duke shall cry, Encore, encore, let him roar, let him roar, once more, once more."—Id., ib., p. 136.

"Vital spark of heavenly flame! Quit, oh quit this mortal frame!"—Pope.

"O the pleasing, pleasing anguish, When we love, and when we languish."—Addison.

"Praise to God, immortal praise, For the love that crowns our days!"—Barbauld.

UNDER RULE XVII.—OF DEPENDENT QUOTATIONS.

"Thus, of an infant, we say, 'It is a lovely creature.'"—Bullions cor. "No being can state a falsehood in saying, 'I am;' for no one can utter this, if it is not true."—Cardell cor. "I know they will cry out against this, and say, 'Should he pay,' means, 'If he should pay.'"—O. B. Peirce cor. "For instance, when we say, 'The house is building,' the advocates of the new theory ask,—'building what?' We might ask in turn, When you say, 'The field ploughs well,'—ploughs what? 'Wheat sells well,'—sells what? If usage allows us to say, 'Wheat sells at a dollar,' in a sense that is not active; why may it not also allow us to say, 'Wheat is selling at a dollar' in a sense that is not active?"—Hart cor. "Man is accountable,' equals, 'Mankind are accountable.'"—Barrett cor. "Thus, when we say, 'He may be reading,' may is the real verb; the other parts are verbs by name only."—Smart cor. "Thus we say, an apple, an hour, that two vowel sounds may not come together."—Id. "It would be as improper to say, an unit, as to say, an youth; to say, an one, as to say, an wonder."—Id. "When we say, 'He died for the truth,' for is a preposition."—Id. "We do not say, 'I might go yesterday;' but, 'I might have gone yesterday.'"—Id. "By student, we understand, one who has by matriculation acquired the rights of academical citizenship; but, by bursche, we understand, one who has already spent a certain time at the university."—Howitt cor.

SECTION II.—THE SEMICOLON.

CORRECTIONS UNDER RULE I.—OF COMPLEX MEMBERS.

"The buds spread into leaves, and the blossoms swell to fruit; but they know not how they grow, nor who causes them to spring up from the bosom of the earth."—Day cor. "But he used his eloquence chiefly against Philip, king of Macedon; and, in several orations, he stirred up the Athenians to make war against him."—Bullions cor. "For the sake of euphony, the n is dropped before a consonant; and, because most words begin with a consonant, this of course is its more common form."—Id. "But if I say, 'Will a man be able to carry this burden?' it is manifest the idea is entirely changed; the reference is not to number, but to the species; and the answer might be, 'No; but a horse will.'"—Id. "In direct discourse, a noun used by the speaker or writer to designate himself [in the special relation of speaker or writer], is said to be of the first person; used to designate the person addressed, it is said to be of the second person; and, when used to designate a person or thing [merely] spoken of, it is said to be of the third person."—Id. "Vice stings us, even in our pleasures; but virtue consoles us, even in our pains."—Day cor. "Vice is infamous, though in a prince; and virtue, honourable, though in a peasant."—Id. "Every word that is the name of a person or thing, is a noun; because, 'A noun is the name of any person, place, or thing.'"—Bullions cor.

"This is the sword with which he did the deed; And that, the shield by which he was defended."—Bucke cor.

UNDER RULE II.—OF SIMPLE MEMBERS. "A deathlike paleness was diffused over his countenance; a chilling terror convulsed his frame; his voice burst out at intervals into broken accents."—Jerningham cor. "The Lacedemonians never traded; they knew no luxury; they lived in houses built of rough materials; they ate at public tables; fed on black broth; and despised every thing effeminate or luxurious."—Whelpley cor. "Government is the agent; society is the principal."—Wayland cor. "The essentials of speech were anciently supposed to be sufficiently designated by the Noun and the Verb; to which was subsequently added the Conjunction."—Bullions cor. "The first faint gleamings of thought in its mind, are but reflections from the parents' own intellect; the first manifestations of temperament, are from the contagious parental fountain; the first aspirations of soul, are but the warmings and promptings of the parental spirit."—Jocelyn cor. "Older and oldest refer to maturity of age; elder and eldest, to priority of right by birth. Farther and farthest denote place or distance; further and furthest, quantity or addition."—Bullions cor. "Let the divisions be natural; such as obviously suggest themselves to the mind; such as may aid your main design; and such as may be easily remembered."—Goldsbury cor.

"Gently make haste, of labour not afraid; A hundred times consider what you've said."—Dryden cor.

UNDER RULE III.—OF APPOSITION, &C.

(1.) "Adjectives are divided [, in Frost's Practical Grammar,] into two classes; adjectives denoting quality, and adjectives denoting number."—Frost cor. (2.) "There are [, according to some authors,] two classes of adjectives; qualifying adjectives, and limiting adjectives."—N. Butler cor. (3-5.) "There are three genders; the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter."—Frost et al. cor.; also L. Mur. et al.; also Hendrick: Inst., p. 35. (6.) "The Singular denotes one; the Plural, more than one."—Hart cor. (7.) "There are three cases; viz., the Nominative, the Possessive, and the Objective."—Hendrick cor. (8.) "Nouns have three cases; the nominative, the possessive, and the objective."—Kirkham cor. (9.) "In English, nouns have three cases; the nominative, the possessive, and the objective."—Smith cor. (10.) "Grammar is divided into four parts; namely, Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, Prosody."—Hazen. (11.) "It is divided into four parts; viz., Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, Prosody."—Mur. et al. cor. (12.) "It is divided into four parts; viz., Orthography. Etymology, Syntax, Prosody."—Bucke cor. (13.) "It is divided into four parts; namely, Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, and Prosody."—Lennie, Bullions, et al. (14.) "It is divided into four parts; viz., Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, and Prosody."—Hendrick cor. (15.) "Grammar is divided into four parts; viz., Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, and Prosody."—Chandler cor. (16.) "It is divided into four parts; Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, and Prosody."—Cooper and Frost cor. (17.) "English Grammar has been usually divided into four parts; viz., Orthography, Etymology, Syntax, and Prosody."—Nutting cor. (18.) "Temperance leads to happiness; intemperance, to misery."—Hiley and Hart cor. (19, 20.) "A friend exaggerates a man's virtues; an enemy, his crimes."—Hiley cor.; also Murray. (21.) "Many writers use a plural noun after the second of two numeral adjectives; thus, 'The first and second pages are torn.'"—Bullions cor. (22.) "Of these, [i. e., of Cases,] the Latin has six; the Greek, five; the German, four; the Saxon, six; the French, three; &c."—Id.

"In ing it ends, when doing is expressed; In d, t, n, when suffering's confessed."—Brightland cor.

MIXED EXAMPLES CORRECTED.

"In old books, i is often used for j; v, for u; vv, for w; and ii or ij, for y."—Hart cor. "The forming of letters into words and syllables, is also called Spelling."—Id. "Labials are formed chiefly by the lips; dentals, by the teeth; palatals, by the palate; gutturals, by the throat; nasals, by the nose; and linguals, by the tongue."—Id. "The labials are p, b, f, v; the dentals, t, d, s, z; the palatals, g soft and j; the gutturals, k, q, and c and g hard; the nasals, m and n; and the linguals, l and r."—Id. "Thus, 'The man, having finished his letter, will carry it to the post-office.'"—Id. "Thus, in the sentence, 'He had a dagger concealed under his cloak,' concealed is passive, signifying being concealed; but, in the former combination, it goes to make up a form the force of which is active."—Id. "Thus, in Latin, 'He had concealed the dagger,' would be, 'Pugionem abdiderat;' but, 'He had the dagger concealed,' would be, 'Pugionem abditum habebat."—Id. "Here, for instance, means, 'in this place;' now, 'at this time;' &c."—Id. "Here when both declares the time of the action, and so is an adverb; and also connects the two verbs, and so resembles a conjunction."—Id. "These words were all, no doubt, originally other parts of speech; viz., verbs, nouns, and adjectives."—Id. "The principal parts of a sentence, are the subject, the attribute, and the object; in other words, the nominative, the verb, and the objective."—Id. "Thus, the adjective is connected with the noun; the adverb, with the verb or adjective; the pronoun, with its antecedent; &c." "Between refers to two; among, to more than two."—Id. "At is used after a verb of rest; to, after a verb of motion."—Id. "Verbs are of three kinds; Active, Passive, and Neuter."—L. Murray. [Active] "Verbs are divided into two classes; Transitive and Intransitive."—Hendrick cor. "The Parts of Speech, in the English language, are nine; viz., the Article, Noun, Adjective, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Interjection, and Conjunction."—Bullions cor. See Lennie. "Of these, the Noun, Pronoun, and Verb, are declined; the rest are indeclinable."—Bullions, Analyt. and Pract. Gram., p. 18. "The first expression is called 'the Active form;' the second, 'the Passive form.'"—Weld cor.

"O, 'tis a godlike privilege to save; And he that scorns it, is himself a slave."—Cowper cor.

SECTION III.—THE COLON.

CORRECTIONS UNDER RULE I.—OF ADDITIONAL REMARKS.

"Of is a preposition: it expresses the relation between fear and Lord."—Bullions cor. "Wealth and poverty are both temptations to man: that tends to excite pride; this, discontentment."—Id. et al cor. "Religion raises men above themselves; irreligion sinks them beneath the brutes: this binds them down to a poor pitiable speck of perishable earth; that opens for them a prospect to the skies."—Murray's Key, 8vo, p. 189. "Love not idleness: it destroys many."—Ingersoll cor. "Children, obey your parents: 'Honour thy father and mother,' is the first commandment with promise."—Bullions cor. "Thou art my hiding-place and my shield; I hope in thy word."—Psalm cxix, 114. "The sun shall not smite thee by day, nor the moon by night. The Lord shall preserve thee from all evil: he shall preserve thy soul."—Psalm cxxi, 6. "Here to Greece is assigned the highest place in the class of objects among which she is numbered—the nations of antiquity: she is one of them."—Bullions, E. Gram., p. 114.

"From short (as usual) and disturb'd repose, I wake: how happy they who wake no more!"—Young, N. T., p. 3.

UNDER RULE II.—OF GREATER PAUSES.

"A taste of a thing, implies actual enjoyment of it; but a tase [sic—KTH] for it, implies only capacity for enjoyment: as, 'When we have had a true taste of the pleasures of virtue, we can have no relish for those of vice.'"—Bullions cor. "The Indicative mood simply declares a thing: as, 'He loves;' 'He is loved:' or it asks a question; as, 'Lovest thou me?'"—Id. and Lennie cor.; also Murray. "The Imperfect (or Past) tense represents an action or event indefinitely as past; as, 'Caesar came, and saw, and conquered:' or it represents the action definitely as unfinished and continuing at a certain time now entirely past; as, 'My father was coming home when I met him.'"—Bullions cor. "Some nouns have no plural; as, gold, silver, wisdom: others have no singular: as, ashes, shears, tongs: others are alike in both numbers; as, sheep, deer, means, news."—Day cor. "The same verb may be transitive in one sense, and intransitive in an other: thus, in the sentence, 'He believes my story,' believes is transitive; but, in this phrase, 'He believes in God,' it is intransitive."—Butler cor. "Let the divisions be distinct: one part should not include an other, but each should have its proper place, and be of importance in that place; and all the parts, well fitted together and united, should present a perfect whole."—Goldsbury cor. "In the use of the transitive verb, there are always three things implied; the actor, the act, and the object acted upon: in the use of the intransitive, there are only two; the subject, or the thing spoken of, and the state or action attributed to it."—Bullions cor.

"Why labours reason? instinct were as well; Instinct, far better: what can choose, can err."—Young, vii, 622.

UNDER RULE III.—OF INDEPENDENT QUOTATIONS.

"The sentence may run thus: 'He is related to the same person, and is governed by him.'"—Hart cor. "Always remember this ancient proverb: 'Know thyself.'"—Hallock cor. "Consider this sentence: 'The boy runs swiftly.'"—Frazee cor. "The comparative is used thus: 'Greece was more polished than any other nation of antiquity.' The same idea is expressed by the superlative, when the word other is left out: thus, 'Greece was the most polished nation of antiquity.'"—Bullions and Lennie cor. "Burke, in his speech on the Carnatic war, makes the following allusion to the well known fable of Cadmus sowing dragon's teeth:—'Every day you are fatigued and disgusted with this cant: 'The Carnatic is a country that will soon recover, and become instantly as prosperous as ever.' They think they are talking to innocents, who believe that by the sowing of dragon's teeth, men may come up ready grown and ready made.'"—Hiley and Hart cor.

"For sects he car'd not: 'They are not of us, Nor need we, brethren, their concerns discuss.'"—Crabbe cor.

"Habit, with him, was all the test of truth: 'It must be right; I've done it from my youth.' Questions he answer'd in as brief a way: 'It must be wrong; it was of yesterday.'"—Id.

MIXED EXAMPLES CORRECTED.

"This would seem to say, 'I doubt nothing, save one thing; namely, that he will fulfill his promise:' whereas that is the very thing not doubted."—Bullions cor. "The common use of language requires, that a distinction be made between morals and manners: the former depend upon internal dispositions; the latter, upon outward and visible accomplishments."—Beattie cor. "Though I detest war in each particular fibre of my heart, yet I honour the heroes among our fathers, who fought with bloody hand. Peacemakers in a savage way, they were faithful to their light: the most inspired can be no more; and we, with greater light, do, it may be, far less."—T. Parker cor. "The article the, like a, must have a substantive joined with it; whereas that, like one, may have it understood: thus, speaking of books, I may select one, and say, 'Give me that;' but not, 'Give me the;'—[so I may say,] 'Give me one;' but not, 'Give me a.'"—Bullions cor. "The Present tense has three distinct forms: the simple; as, I read: the emphatic; as, I do read: and the progressive; as, I am reading." Or thus: "The Present tense has three distinct forms;—the simple; as, 'I read;'—the emphatic; as, 'I do read;'—and the progressive; as, 'I am reading.'"—Id. "The tenses in English are usually reckoned six: the Present, the Imperfect, the Perfect, the Pluperfect, the First-future, and the Second-future."—Id. "There are three participles; the Present or Active, the Perfect or Passive, and the Compound Perfect: as, loving, loved, having loved." Or, better: "There are three participles from each verb; namely, the Imperfect, the Perfect, and the Preperfect; as, turning, turned, having turned."—Murray et al. cor. "The participles are three; the Present, the Perfect, and the Compound Perfect: as, loving, loved, having loved." Better: "The participles of each verb are three; the Imperfect, the Perfect, and the Preperfect: as, turning, turned, having turned."—Hart cor. "Will is conjugated regularly, when it is a principal verb: as, present, I will; past, I willed; &c."—Frazee cor. "And both sounds of x are compound: one is that of gz, and the other, that of ks."—Id. "The man is happy; he is benevolent; he is useful."—L. Mur., p. 28: Cooper cor. "The pronoun stands in stead of the noun: as, 'The man is happy; he is benevolent; he is useful.'"—L. Murray cor. "A Pronoun is a word used in stead of a noun, to prevent too frequent a repetition of it: as, 'The man is happy; he is benevolent; he is useful.'"—Id. "A Pronoun is a word used in the room of a noun, or as a substitute for one or more words: as, 'The man is happy; he is benevolent; he is useful.'"—Cooper cor. "A common noun is the name of a sort, kind, or class, of beings or things; as, Animal, tree, insect, fish, fowl."—Id. "Nouns have three persons; the first, the second, and the third."—Id.

"So saying, her rash hand in evil hour Forth reaching to the fruit, she pluck'd, she eat: Earth felt the wound; and Nature from her seat, Sighing through all her works, gave signs of woe, That all was lost."—MILTON, P. L., Book ix, l. 780.

SECTION IV.—THE PERIOD.

CORRECTIONS UNDER RULE I.—OF DISTINCT SENTENCES.

"The third person is the position of a word by which an object is merely spoken of; as, 'Paul and Silas were imprisoned.'—'The earth thirsts.'—'The sun shines.'"—Frazee cor.

"Two, and three, and four, make nine. If he were here, he would assist his father and mother; for he is a dutiful son. They live together, and are happy, because they enjoy each other's society. They went to Roxbury, and tarried all night, and came back the next day."—Goldsbury cor.

"We often resolve, but seldom perform. She is wiser than her sister. Though he is often advised, yet he does not reform. Reproof either softens or hardens its object. He is as old as his classmates, but not so learned. Neither prosperity, nor adversity, has improved him. Let him that standeth, take heed lest he fall. He can acquire no virtue, unless he make some sacrifices."—Id.

"Down from his neck, with blazing gems array'd, Thy image, lovely Anna! hung portray'd; Th' unconscious figure, smiling all serene, Suspended in a golden chain was seen."—Falconer.

UNDER RULE II.—OF ALLIED SENTENCES.

"This life is a mere prelude to an other which has no limits. It is a little portion of duration. As death leaves us, so the day of judgement will find us."—Merchant cor.

"He went from Boston to New York.—He went (I say) from Boston; he went to New York. In walking across the floor, he stumbled over a chair."—Goldsbury corrected.

"I saw him on the spot, going along the road, looking towards the house. During the heat of the day, he sat on the ground, under the shade of a tree."—Goldsbury corrected.

"'George came home; I saw him yesterday.' Here the word him can extend only to the individual George."—Barrett corrected.

"Commas are often used now, where parentheses were [adopted] formerly. I cannot, however, esteem this an improvement."—Bucke's Classical Grammar, p. 20.

"Thou, like a sleeping, faithless sentinel, Didst let them pass unnotic'd, unimprov'd. And know, for that thou slumberst on the guard, Thou shalt be made to answer at the bar For every fugitive."—COTTON: Hallock and Enfield cor.

UNDER RULE III.—OF ABBREVIATIONS.

"The term pronoun (Lat. pronomen) strictly means a word used for, or in stead of, a noun."—Bullions corrected.

"The period is also used after abbreviations; as, A. D., P. S., G. W. Johnson."—N. Butler cor.

"On this principle of classification, the later Greek grammarians divided words into eight classes, or parts of speech: viz., the Article, Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Participle, Adverb, Preposition, and Conjunction."— Bullions cor.

"'Metre [Melody] is not confined to verse: there is a tune in all good prose; and Shakspeare's was a sweet one.'—Epea Pter., ii, 61. [First American Ed., ii, 50.] Mr. H. Tooke's idea was probably just, agreeing with Aristotle's; but [, if so, it is] not accurately expressed."— Churchill cor.

"Mr. J. H. Tooke was educated at Eton and at Cambridge, in which latter college he took the degree of A. M. Being intended for the established church of England, he entered into holy orders when young; and obtained the living of Brentford, near London, which he held ten or twelve years."—Tooke's Annotator cor.

"I, nor your plan, nor book condemn; But why your name? and why A. M.?"—Lloyd cor.

MIXED EXAMPLES CORRECTED.

"If thou turn away thy foot from the sabbath," &c.—Isaiah, lviii, 13. "He that hath eeris of hervnge, here he."—WICKLIFFE: Matt., xi, 15. "See General Rules for Spelling, iii, v, and vii."—N. Butler cor. "False witnesses did rise up."—Ps., xxxv, 11.

"An explicative sentence is used for explaining; an interrogative sentence, for inquiring; an imperative sentence, for commanding."— Barrett cor. "In October, corn is gathered in the field by men, who go from hill to hill with baskets, into which they put the ears.—Susan labours with her needle for a livelihood.—Notwithstanding his poverty, he is a man of integrity."—Golds, cor.

"A word of one syllable is called a monosyllable; a word of two syllables, a dissyllable; a word of three syllables, a trissyllable; a word of four or more syllables, a polysyllable."—Frazee cor.

"If I say, 'If it did not rain, I would take a walk;' I convey the idea that it does rain at the time of speaking. 'If it rained,' or, 'Did it rain,' in [reference to] the present time, implies that it does not rain. 'If it did not rain,' or, 'Did it not rain,' in [reference to the] present time, implies that it does rain. Thus, in this peculiar application, an affirmative sentence always implies a negation; and a negative sentence, an affirmation."—Id. "'If I were loved' and, 'Were I loved;' imply I am not loved: 'If I were not loved,' and, 'Were I not loved,' imply I am loved. A negative sentence implies an affirmation, and an affirmative sentence implies a negation, in these forms of the subjunctive."—Id.

"What is Rule III?"—Hart cor. "How is Rule III violated?"—Id. "How do you parse letter in the sentence, 'James writes a letter?' Ans. Letter is a common noun, of the third person, singular number, neuter gender, and objective case; and is governed by the verb writes, according to Rule III, which says, 'A transitive verb governs the objective case.'"—Id.

"Creation sleeps. 'Tis as the gen'ral pulse Of life stood still, and nature made a pause; An awful pause! prophetic of her end. And let her prophecy be soon fulfill'd: Fate, drop the curtain; I can lose no more."—Young.

SECTION V.—THE DASH.

CORRECTIONS UNDER RULE I.—OF ABRUPT PAUSES.

"And there is something in your very strange story, that resembles—Does Mr. Bevil know your history particularly?"—Burgh's Speaker, p. 149. "Sir,—Mr. Myrtle—Gentlemen—You are friends—I am but a servant—But—"—Ib., p. 118.

"An other man now would have given plump into this foolish story; but I—No, no, your humble servant for that."—GARRICK, Neck or Nothing.