UNDER NOTE VIII.—PARTICIPLES AFTER BE, IS, &c.

"Irony is a figure in which the speaker sneeringly utters the direct reverse of what he intends shall be understood."—Brown's Inst., p. 235. [Correct by this the four false definitions of "Irony" cited from Murray, Peirce, Fisher, and Sanborn.] "This is, in a great measure, a delivering of their own compositions."—Buchanan cor. "But purity is a right use of the words of the language."—Jamieson cor. "But the most important object is the settling of the English quantity."—Walker cor. "When there is no affinity, the transition from one meaning to an other is a very wide step taken."—Campbell cor. "It will be a loss of time, to attempt further to illustrate it."—Id. "This leaves the sentence too bare, and makes it to be, if not nonsense, hardly sense."—Cobbett cor. "This is a requiring of more labours from every private member."—J. West cor. "Is not this, to use one measure for our neighbours and an other for ourselves?"—Same. "Do we not charge God foolishly, when we give these dark colourings to human nature?"—Same. "This is not, to endure the cross, as a disciple of Jesus Christ; but, to snatch at it, like a partisan of Swift's Jack."—Same. "What is spelling? It is the combining of letters to form syllables and words."—O. B. Peirce cor. "It is the choosing of such letters to compose words," &c.—Id. "What is parsing? (1.) It is a describing of the nature, use, and powers of words."—Id. (2.) "For Parsing is a describing of the words of a sentence as they are used."—Id. (3.) "Parsing is only a describing of the nature and relations of words as they are used."—Id. (4.) "Parsing, let the pupil understand and remember, is a statement of facts concerning words; or a describing of words in their offices and relations as they are."—Id. (5.) "Parsing is the resolving and explaining of words according to the rules of grammar."—Id. Better: "Parsing is the resolving or explaining of a sentence according to the definitions and rules of grammar."—Brown's Inst., p. 28. (6.) "The parsing of a word, remember, is an enumerating and describing of its various qualities, and its grammatical relations to other words in the sentence."—Peirce cor. (7.) "For the parsing of a word is an enumerating and describing of its various properties, and [its] relations to [other words in] the sentence."—Id. (8.) "The parsing of a noun is an explanation of its person, number, gender, and case; and also of its grammatical relation in a sentence, with respect to some other word or words."—Ingersoll cor. (9.) "The parsing of any part of speech is an explanation of all its properties and relations."—Id. (10.)" Parsing is the resolving of a sentence into its elements."—Fowler cor. "The highway of the upright is, to depart from evil."—Prov., xvi, 17. "Besides, the first step towards exhibiting the truth, should be, to remove the veil of error."—O. B. Peirce cor. "Punctuation is the dividing of sentences, and the words of sentences, by points for pauses."—Id. "An other fault is the using of the imperfect tense SHOOK in stead of the participle SHAKEN."—Churchill cor. "Her employment is the drawing of maps."—Alger cor. "To go to the play, according to his notion, is, to lead a sensual life, and to expose one's self to the strongest temptations. This is a begging of the question, and therefore requires no answer."—Formey cor. "It is an overvaluing of ourselves, to reduce every thing to the narrow measure of our capacities."—Comly's Key, in his Gram., p. 188; Fisk's Gram., p. 135. "What is vocal language? It is speech, or the expressing of ideas by the human voice."—C. W. Sanders cor.

UNDER NOTE IX.—VERBS OF PREVENTING.

"The annulling power of the constitution prevented that enactment from becoming a law."—O. B. Peirce cor. "Which prevents the manner from being brief."—Id. "This close prevents them from bearing forward as nominatives."—Rush cor. "Because this prevents it from growing drowsy."—Formey cor. "Yet this does not prevent him from being great."—Id. "To prevent it from being insipid."—Id. "Or whose interruptions did not prevent its continuance." Or thus: "Whose interruptions did not prevent it from being continued."—Id. "This by no means prevents them from being also punishments."—Wayland cor. "This hinders them not from being also, in the strictest sense, punishments."—Id. "The noise made by the rain and wind, prevented them from being heard."—Goldsmith cor. "He endeavoured to prevent it from taking effect."—Id. "So sequestered as to prevent them from being explored."—Jane West cor. "Who prevented her from making a more pleasant party."—Same. "To prevent us from being tossed about by every wind of doctrine."—Same. "After the infirmities of age prevented him from bearing his part of official duty."—R. Adam cor. "To prevent splendid trifles from passing for matters of importance."—Kames cor. "Which prevents him from exerting himself to any good purpose."—Beattie cor. "The nonobservance of this rule very frequently prevents us from being punctual in the performance of our duties."—Todd cor. "Nothing will prevent him from being a student, and possessing the means of study."—Id. "Does the present accident hinder you from being honest and brave?"—Collier cor. "The e is omitted to prevent two Ees from coming together."—Fowle cor. "A pronoun is used for, or in place of, a noun,—to prevent a repetition of the noun."—Sanborn cor. "Diversity in the style relieves the ear, and prevents it from being tired with the frequent recurrence of the rhymes."—Campbell cor.; also Murray. "Timidity and false shame prevent us from opposing vicious customs."—Mur. et al. cor. "To prevent them from being moved by such."—Campbell cor. "Some obstacle, or impediment, that prevents it from taking place."—Priestley cor. "Which prevents us from making a progress towards perfection."—Sheridan cor. "This method of distinguishing words, must prevent any regular proportion of time from being settled."—Id. "That nothing but affectation can prevent it from always taking place."—Id. "This did not prevent John from being acknowledged and solemnly inaugurated Duke of Normandy." Or: "Notwithstanding this, John was acknowledged and solemnly inaugurated Duke of Normandy."—Henry, Webster, Sanborn, and Fowler cor.

UNDER NOTE X.—THE LEADING WORD IN SENSE.

"This would make it impossible for a noun, or any other word, ever to be in the possessive case."—O. B. Peirce cor. "A great part of our pleasure arises from finding the plan or story well conducted."—Dr. Blair cor. "And we have no reason to wonder that this was the case."—Id. "She objected only, (as Cicero says,) to Oppianicus as having two sons by his present wife."—Id. "The subjugation of the Britons by the Saxons, was a necessary consequence of their calling of these Saxons to their assistance."—Id. "What he had there said concerning the Saxons, that they expelled the Britons, and changed the customs, the religion, and the language of the country, is a clear and a good reason why our present language is Saxon, rather than British."—Id. "The only material difference between them, except that the one is short and the other more prolonged, is, that a metaphor is always explained by the words that are connected with it."—Id. et Mur. cor. "The description of Death, advancing to meet Satan on his arrival."—Rush cor. "Is not the bare fact, that God is the witness of it, sufficient ground for its credibility to rest upon?"—Chalmers cor. "As in the case of one who is entering upon a new study."—Beattie cor. "The manner in which these affect the copula, is called the imperative mood."—Wilkins cor. "We are freed from the trouble, because our nouns have scarcely any diversity of endings."—Buchanan cor. "The verb is rather indicative of the action as being doing, or done, than of the time of the event; but indeed the ideas are undistinguishable."—Booth cor. "Nobody would doubt that this is a sufficient proof."—Campbell cor. "Against the doctrine here maintained, that conscience as well as reason, is a natural faculty."—Beattie cor. "It is one cause why the Greek and English languages are much more easy to learn, than the Latin."—Bucke cor. "I have not been able to make out a solitary instance in which such has been the fact."—Lib. cor. "An angel, forming the appearance of a hand, and writing the king's condemnation on the wall, checked their mirth, and filled them with terror."—Wood cor. "The prisoners, in attempting to escape, aroused the keepers."—O. B. Peirce cor. "I doubt not, in the least, that this has been one cause of the multiplication of divinities in the heathen world."—Dr. Blair cor. "From the general rule he lays down, that the verb is the parent word of all language."—Tooke cor. "He was accused of being idle." Or: "He was accused of idleness."—Felch cor. "Our meeting is generally dissatisfied with him for so removing." Or: "with the circumstances of his removal."—Edmondson cor. "The spectacle is too rare, of men deserving solid fame while not seeking it."—Bush cor. "What further need was there that an other priest should rise?"—Heb., vii, 11.

UNDER NOTE XI.—REFERENCE OF PARTICIPLES.

"Viewing them separately, we experience different emotions." Or: "Viewed separately, they produce different emotions."—Kames cor. "But, this being left doubtful, an other objection occurs."—Id. "As he proceeded from one particular to an other, the subject grew under his hand."—Id. "But this is still an interruption, and a link of the chain is broken."—Id. "After some days' hunting,—(or, After some days spent in hunting,)—Cyrus communicated his design to his officers."—Rollin cor. "But it is made, without the appearance of being made in form."—Dr. Blair cor. "These would have had a better effect, had they been disjoined, thus."—Blair and Murray cor. "In an improper diphthong, but one of the vowels is sounded."—Murray, Alger, et al. cor. "And I being led to think of both together, my view is rendered unsteady."—Blair, Mur., and Jam. cor. "By often doing the same thing, we make the action habitual." Or: "What is often done, becomes habitual."—L. Murray cor. "They remain with us in our dark and solitary hours, no less than when we are surrounded with friends and cheerful society."—Id. "Besides showing what is right, one may further explain the matter by pointing out what is wrong."—Lowth cor. "The former teaches the true pronunciation of words, and comprises accent, quantity, emphasis, pauses, and tones."—L. Murray cor. "A person may reprove others for their negligence, by saying, 'You have taken great care indeed.'"—Id. "The word preceding and the word following it, are in apposition to each other."—Id. "He having finished his speech, the assembly dispersed."—Cooper cor. "Were the voice to fall at the close of the last line, as many a reader is in the habit of allowing it to do."—Kirkham cor. "The misfortunes of his countrymen were but negatively the effects of his wrath, which only deprived them of his assistance."—Kames cor. "Taking them as nouns, we may explain this construction thus."—Grant cor. "These have an active signification, except those which come from neuter verbs."—Id. "From its evidence not being universal." Or: "From the fact that its evidence is not universal."—Bp. Butler cor. "And this faith will continually grow, as we acquaint ourselves with our own nature."—Channing cor. "Monosyllables ending with any consonant but f, l, or s, never double the final consonant, when it is preceded by a single vowel; except add, ebb," &c.—Kirkham's Gram., p. 23. Or: "Words ending with any consonant except f, l, or s, do not double the final letter. Exceptions. Add, ebb, &c."—Bullions's E. Gram., p. 3. (See my 2d Rule for Spelling, of which this is a partial copy.) "The relation of Maria as being the object of the action, is expressed by the change of the noun Maria to Mariam;" [i. e., in the Latin language.]—Booth cor. "In analyzing a proposition, one must first divide it into its logical subject and predicate."—Andrews and Stoddard cor. "In analyzing a simple sentence, one should first resolve it into its logical subject and logical predicate."—Wells cor.

UNDER NOTE XII.—OF PARTICIPLES AND NOUNS.

"The instant discovery of passions at their birth, is essential to our well-being."—Kames cor. "I am now to enter on a consideration of the sources of the pleasures of taste."—Blair cor. "The varieties in the use of them are indeed many."—Murray cor. "The changing of times and seasons, the removing and the setting-up of kings, belong to Providence alone."—Id. "Adherence to the partitions, seemed the cause of France; acceptance of the will, that of the house of Bourbon."—Bolingbroke cor. "An other source of darkness in composition, is the injudicious introduction of technical words and phrases."—Campbell cor. "These are the rules of grammar; by observing which, you may avoid mistakes."—L. Murray et al. cor. "By observing the rules, you may avoid mistakes."—Alger cor. "By observing these rules, he succeeded."—Frost cor. "The praise bestowed on him was his ruin."—Id. "Deception is not convincement."—Id. "He never feared the loss of a friend."—Id. "The making of books is his amusement."—Alger cor. "We call it the declining—(or, the declension—) of a noun."—Ingersoll cor. "Washington, however, pursued the same policy of neutrality, and opposed firmly the taking of any part in the wars of Europe."—Hall and Baker cor. "The following is a note of Interrogation, or of a question: (?)."—Inf. S. Gram. cor. "The following is a note of Admiration, or of wonder: (!)."—Id. "The use or omission of the article A forms a nice distinction in the sense."—Murray cor. "The placing of the preposition before the word, which it governs, is more graceful."—Churchill cor. (See Lowth's Gram., p. 96; Murray's, i, 200; Fisk's, 141; Smith's, 167.) "Assistance is absolutely necessary to their recovery, and the retrieving of their affairs."—Bp. Butler cor. "Which termination, [ish,] when added to adjectives, imports diminution, or a lessening of the quality."—Mur. and Kirkham cor. "After what has been said, will it be thought an excess of refinement, to suggest that the different orders are qualified for different purposes?"—Kames cor. "Who has nothing to think of, but the killing of time."—West cor. "It requires no nicety of ear, as in the distinguishing of tones, or the measuring of time."—Sheridan cor. "The possessive case [is that form or state of a noun or pronoun, which] denotes possession, or the relation of property."—S. R. Hall cor.

UNDER NOTE XIII.—PERFECT PARTICIPLES.

"Garcilasso was master of the language spoken by the Incas."—Robertson cor. "When an interesting story is broken off in the middle."—Kames cor. "Speaking of Hannibal's elephants driven back by the enemy."—Id. "If Du Ryer had not written for bread, he would have equalled them."—Formey cor. "Pope describes a rock broken off from a mountain, and hurling to the plain."—Kames cor. "I have written, Thou hast written, He hath or has written; &c."—Ash and Maltby cor. "This was spoken by a pagan."—Webster cor. "But I have chosen to follow the common arrangement."—Id. "The language spoken in Bengal."—Id. "And sound sleep thus broken off with sudden alarms, is apt enough to discompose any one."—Locke cor. "This is not only the case of those open sinners before spoken of."—Leslie cor. "Some grammarians have written a very perplexed and difficult doctrine on Punctuation."—Ensell cor. "There hath a pity arisen in me towards thee."—G. Fox Jun. cor. "Abel is the only man that has undergone the awful change of death."—De Genlis, Death of Adam.

"Meantime, on Afric's glowing sands, Smit with keen heat, the traveller stands."—Ode cor.

CHAPTER VIII.—ADVERBS.

CORRECTIONS UNDER THE NOTES TO RULE XXI.

UNDER NOTE I.—THE PLACING OF ADVERBS.

"Not all that is favoured by good use, is proper to be retained."—L. Murray corrected. "Not everything favoured by good use, is on that account worthy to be retained."—Campbell cor. "Most men dream, but not all."—Beattie cor. "By hasty composition, we shall certainly acquire a very bad style."—Dr. Blair cor. "The comparisons are short, touching on only one point of resemblance."—Id. "Having once had some considerable object set before us."—Id. "The positive seems to be improperly called a degree." [543]—Adam and Gould cor. "In some phrases, the genitive only is used."—Iid. "This blunder is said to have actually occurred."—Smith cor. "But not every man is called James, nor every woman, Mary."—Buchanan cor. "Crotchets are employed for nearly the same purpose as the parenthesis."—Churchill cor. "There is a still greater impropriety in a double comparative."—Priestley cor. "We often have occasion to speak of time."—Lowth cor. "The following sentence cannot possibly be understood."—Id. "The words must generally be separated from the context."—Comly cor. "Words ending in ator, generally have the accent on the penultimate."—L. Mur. cor. "The learned languages, with respect to voices, moods, and tenses, are, in general, constructed differently from the English tongue."—Id. "Adverbs seem to have been originally contrived to express compendiously, in one word, what must otherwise have required two or more."—Id. "But it is so, only when the expression can be converted into the regular form of the possessive case."—Id. "'Enter boldly,' says he, 'for here too there are gods.'"—Harris cor. "For none ever work for so little a pittance that some cannot be found to work for less."—Sedgwick cor. "For sinners also lend to sinners, to receive again as much."—Bible cor. Or, as Campbell has it in his version:—"that they may receive as much in return."—Luke, vi, 34. "They must be viewed in exactly the same light."—L. Murray cor. "If he speaks but to display his abilities, he is unworthy of attention."—Id.

UNDER NOTE II.—ADVERBS FOR ADJECTIVES.

"Upward motion is commonly more agreeable than motion downward."—Dr. Blair cor. "There are but two possible ways of justification before God."—Cox cor. "This construction sounds rather harsh."—Mur. and Ing. cor. "A clear conception, in the mind of the learner, of regular and well-formed letters."—C. S. Jour. cor. "He was a great hearer of * * * Attalus, Sotion, Papirius, Fabianus, of whom he makes frequent mention."—L'Estrange cor. "It is only the frequent doing of a thing, that makes it a custom."—Leslie cor. "Because W. R. takes frequent occasion to insinuate his jealousies of persons and things."—Barclay cor. "Yet frequent touching will wear gold."—Shak. cor. "Uneducated persons frequently use an adverb when they ought to use an adjective: as, 'The country looks beautifully;' in stead of beautiful." [544]— Bucke cor. "The adjective is put absolute, or without its substantive."—Ash cor. "A noun or a pronoun in the second person, may be put absolute in the nominative case."—Harrison cor. "A noun or a pronoun, when put absolute with a participle," &c.—Id. and Jaudon cor. "A verb in the infinitive mood absolute, stands independent of the remaining part of the sentence."—Wilbur and Liv. cor. "At my late return into England, I met a book entitled, 'The Iron Age.'"—Cowley cor. "But he can discover no better foundation for any of them, than the mere practice of Homer and Virgil."—Kames cor.

UNDER NOTE III.—HERE FOR HITHER, &C.

"It is reported, that the governor will come hither to-morrow."—Kirkham cor. "It has been reported that the governor will come hither to-morrow."—Id. "To catch a prospect of that lovely land whither his steps are tending."—Maturin cor. "Plautus makes one of his characters ask an other, whither he is going with that Vulcan shut up in a horn; that is, with a lantern in his hand."—Adams cor. "When we left Cambridge we intended to return thither in a few days."—Anon. cor. "Duncan comes hither to-night."—Churchill's Gram., p. 323. "They talked of returning hither last week."—See J. M. Putnam's Gram., p. 129.

UNDER NOTE IV.—FROM HENCE, &C.

"Hence he concludes, that no inference can be drawn from the meaning of the word, that a constitution has a higher authority than a law or statute,"—Webster cor. "Whence we may likewise date the period of this event."—L. Murray cor. "Hence it becomes evident that LANGUAGE, taken in the most comprehensive view, implies certain sounds, [or certain written signs,] having certain meanings."—Harris cor. "They returned to the city whence they came out."—A. Murray cor. "Respecting ellipses, some grammarians differ strangely in their ideas; and thence has arisen a very whimsical diversity in their systems of grammar."—G. Brown. "What am I, and whence? That is, What am I, and whence am I?"—Jaudon cor.

UNDER NOTE V.—THE ADVERB HOW.

"It is strange, that a writer so accurate as Dean Swift, should have stumbled on so improper an application of this particle."—Dr. Blair cor. "Ye know, that a good while ago God made choice among us," &c.—Bible cor. "Let us take care lest we sin; i.e.,—that we do not sin."—Priestley cor. "We see by these instances, that prepositions may be necessary, to connect such words as are not naturally connected by their own signification."—L. Murray cor. "Know ye not your own selves, that Jesus Christ is in you, except ye be reprobates?"—Bible cor. "That thou mayst know that the earth is the Lord's."—Id.

UNDER NOTE VI.—WHEN, WHILE, OR WHERE.

"ELLIPSIS is the omission of some word or words which are necessary to complete the construction, but not requisite to complete the sense."—Adam, Gould, and Fisk, cor. "PLEONASM is the insertion of some word or words more than are absolutely necessary either to complete the construction, or to express the sense."—Iid. cor. "HYSTERON-PROTERON is a figure in which that is put in the former part of the sentence, which, according to the sense, should be in the latter."—Adam and Gould cor. "HYSTERON-PROTERON is a rhetorical figure in which that is said last, which was done first."—Webster cor. "A BARBARISM is a foreign or strange word, an expression contrary to the pure idiom of the language."—Adam and Gould cor. "A SOLECISM is an impropriety in respect to syntax, an absurdity or incongruity in speech."—Iid. cor. "An IDIOTISM is a manner of expression peculiar to one language childishly transferred to an other."—Iid. cor. "TAUTOLOGY is a disagreeable repetition, either of the same words, or of the same sense in different words."—Iid. cor. "BOMBAST, or FUSTIAN, is an inflated or ambitious style, in which high-sounding words are used, with little or no meaning, or upon a trifling occasion."—Iid. cor. "AMPHIBOLOGY is ambiguity of construction, phraseology which may be taken in two different senses."—Iid. cor. "IRONY is a figure in which one means the contrary of what is said."—Adam and Gould cor. "PERIPHRASIS, or CIRCUMLOCUTION, is the use of several words, to express what might be said in fewer."—Iid. cor. "HYPERBOLE is a figure in which a thing is magnified above the truth."—Iid. cor. "PERSONIFICATION is a figure which ascribes human life, sentiments, or actions, to inanimate beings, or to abstract qualities."—Iid. cor. "APOSTROPHE is a turning from the tenor of one's discourse, into an animated address to some person, present or absent, living or dead, or to some object personified."—Iid. cor. "A SIMILE is a simple and express comparison; and is generally introduced by LIKE, AS, or so."—G. B., Inst., p. 233; Kirkham cor.; also Adam and Gould. "ANTITHESIS is a placing of things in opposition, to heighten their effect by contrast."—Inst., p. 234; Adam and Gould corrected. "VISION, or IMAGERY, is a figure in which what is present only to the mind, is represented as actually before one's eyes, and present to the senses."—G. B.; Adam cor. "EMPHASIS is a particular stress of voice laid on some word in a sentence."—Gould's Adam's Gram., p. 241. "EPANORTHOSIS, or CORRECTION, is the recalling or correcting by the speaker, of what he last said."—Ibid. "PARALIPSIS, or OMISSION, is the pretending to omit or pass by, what one at the same time declares."—Ibid. "INCREMENTUM, or CLIMAX in sense, is the rising of one member above an other to the highest."—Ibid. "METONYMY is a change of names: as when the cause is mentioned for the effect, or the effect for the cause; the container for the thing contained, or the sign for the thing signified."—Kirkham cor. "The Agreement of words is their similarity in person, number, gender, case, mood, tense, or form."—Brown's Inst., p. 104. "The Government of words is that power which one word has over an other, to cause it to assume some particular modification."—Ib. "Fusion is the converting of some solid substance into a fluid by heat."—G. B. "A proper diphthong is a diphthong in which both the vowels are sounded together; as, oi in voice, ou in house."—Fisher cor. "An improper diphthong is a diphthong in which the sound of but one of the two vowels is heard; as, eo in people."—Id.

UNDER NOTE VII.—THE ADVERB NO FOR NOT.

"An adverb is added to a verb to show how, or when, or where, or whether or not, one is, does, or suffers."—Buchanan cor. "We must be immortal, whether we will or not."—Maturin cor. "He cares not whether the world was made for Caesar or not."—A. Q. Rev. cor. "I do not know whether they are out or not."—Byron cor. "Whether it can be proved or not, is not the thing."—Bp. Butler cor. "Whether he makes use of the means commanded by God, or not."—Id. "Whether it pleases the world or not, the care is taken."—L'Estrange cor. "How comes this to be never heard of, nor in the least questioned, whether the Law was undoubtedly of Moses's writing or not?"—Tomline cor. "Whether he be a sinner or not, I do not know." Or, as the text is more literally translated by Campbell: "Whether he be a sinner, I know not."—Bible cor. "Can I make men live, whether they will or not?"—Shak. cor.

"Can hearts not free, be tried whether they serve Willing or not, who will but what they must?"—Milton cor.

UNDER NOTE VIII.—OF DOUBLE NEGATIVES.

"We need not, nor do we, confine the purposes of God." Or: "We need not, and do not, confine," &c.—Bentley cor. "I cannot by any means allow him that."—Id. "We must try whether or not we can increase the attention by the help of the senses."—Brightland cor. "There is nothing more admirable or more useful."—Tooke cor. "And what in time to come he can never be said to have done, he can never be supposed to do."—R. Johnson cor. "No skill could obviate, no remedy dispel, the terrible infection."—Goldsmith cor. "Prudery cannot be an indication either of sense or of taste."—Spurzheim cor. "But neither that scripture, nor any other, speaks of imperfect faith."—Barclay cor. "But neither this scripture, nor any other, proves that faith was or is always accompanied with doubting."—Id. "The light of Christ is not, and cannot be, darkness."—Id. "Doth not the Scripture, which cannot lie, give some of the saints this testimony?"—Id. "Which do not continue, and are not binding."—Id. "It not being perceived directly, any more than the air."—Campbell cor. "Let us be no Stoics, and no stocks, I pray."—Shak. cor. "Where there is no marked or peculiar character in the style."—Dr. Blair cor. "There can be no rules laid down, nor any manner recommended."—Sheridan cor.

"Bates. 'He hath not told his thought to the king?' K. Henry. 'No; and it is not meet he should.'" Or thus: "'No; nor is it meet he should.'"—Shak. cor.

UNDER NOTE IX.—EVER AND NEVER.

"The prayer of Christ is more than sufficient both to strengthen us, be we everso weak; and to overthrow all adversary power, be it everso strong."—Hooker cor. "He is like to have no share in it, or to be never the better for it." Or: "He is not likely to have any share in it, or to be ever the better for it."—Bunyan cor. "In some parts of Chili it seldom or never rains."—Willetts cor. "If Pompey shall but everso little seem to like it."—W. Walker cor. "Though everso great a posse of dogs and hunters pursue him."—Id. "Though you be everso excellent."—Id. "If you do amiss everso little."—Id. "If we cast our eyes everso little down."—Id. "A wise man scorneth nothing, be it everso small or homely."—M. F. Tupper cor. "Because they have seldom if ever an opportunity of learning them at all."—Clarkson cor. "We seldom or never see those forsaken who trust in God."—Atterbury cor.

"Where, playing with him at bo-peep, He solved all problems, e'erso deep."—S. Butler cor.

UNDER NOTE X.—OF THE FORM OF ADVERBS.

"One can scarcely think that Pope was capable of epic or tragic poetry; but, within a certain limited region, he has been outdone by no poet."—Dr. Blair cor. "I who now read, have nearly finished this chapter."—Harris cor. "And yet, to refine our taste with respect to beauties of art or of nature, is scarcely endeavoured in any seminary of learning."—Kames cor. "The numbers being confounded, and the possessives wrongly applied, the passage is neither English nor grammar."—Buchanan cor. "The letter G is wrongly named Jee."—Creighton cor. "Lastly, remember that in science, as in morals, authority cannot make right what in itself is wrong."—O. B. Peirce cor. "They regulate our taste even where we are scarcely sensible of them."—Kames cor. "Slow action, for example, is imitated by words pronounced slowly."—Id. "Surely, if it be to profit withal, it must be in order to save."—Barclay cor. "Which is scarcely possible at best."—Sheridan cor. "Our wealth being nearly finished."—Harris cor.

CHAPTER IX.—CONJUNCTIONS.

CORRECTIONS UNDER THE NOTES TO RULE XXII.

UNDER NOTE I.—OF TWO TERMS WITH ONE.

"The first proposal was essentially different from the second, and inferior to it."—Inst. "A neuter verb expresses the state which a subject is in, without acting upon any other thing, or being acted upon by an other."—A. Murray cor. "I answer, You may use stories and anecdotes, and ought to do so."—Todd cor. "ORACLE, n. Any person from whom, or place at which, certain decisions are obtained."—Webster cor. "Forms of government may, and occasionally must, be changed."—Lyttelton cor. "I have been, and I still pretend to be, a tolerable judge."—Sped. cor. "Are we not lazy in our duties, or do we not make a Christ of them?"—Baxter cor. "They may not express that idea which the author intends, but some other which only resembles it, or is akin to it."—Dr. Blair cor. "We may therefore read them, we ought to read them, with a distinguishing eye."—Ib. "Compare their poverty with what they might possess, and ought to possess."—Sedgwick cor. "He is much better acquainted with grammar than they are."—L. Murray cor. "He was more beloved than Cinthio, but [he was] not so much admired."—L. Murray's Gram., i, 222. "Will it be urged, that the four gospels are as old as tradition, and even older?"—Campbell's Rhet., p. 207. "The court of chancery frequently mitigates and disarms the common law."—Spect. and Ware cor. "Antony, coming along side of her ship, entered it without seeing her, or being seen by her."—Goldsmith cor. "Into candid minds, truth enters as a welcome guest."—L. Murray cor. "There are many designs in which we may succeed, to our ultimate ruin."—Id. "From many pursuits in which we embark with pleasure, we are destined to land sorrowfully."—Id. "They gain much more than I, by this unexpected event."—Id.

UNDER NOTE II.—OF HETEROGENEOUS TERMS.

"Athens saw them entering her gates and filling her academies."—Chazotte cor. "Neither have we forgot his past achievements, nor do we despair of his future success."—Duncan cor. "Her monuments and temples had long been shattered, or had crumbled into dust."—Journal cor. "Competition is excellent; it is the vital principle in all these things."—Id. "Whether provision should, or should not, be made, in order to meet this exigency."—Ib.. "That our Saviour was divinely inspired, and that he was endued with supernatural powers, are positions that are here taken for granted."—L. Mur. cor. "It would be much more eligible, to contract or enlarge their extent by explanatory notes and observations, than to sweep away our ancient landmarks and set up others."—Id. "It is certainly much better to supply defects and abridge superfluities by occasional notes and observations, than to disorganize or greatly alter a system which has been so long established."—Id. "To have only one tune, or measure, is not much better than to have none at all."—Dr. Blair cor. "Facts too well known and too obvious to be insisted on."—Id. "In proportion as all these circumstances are happily chosen, and are of a sublime kind."—Id. "If the description be too general, and be divested of circumstances."—Id. "He gained nothing but commendation."—L. Mur. cor. "I cannot but think its application somewhat strained and misplaced."—Vethake cor. "Two negatives standing in the same clause, or referring to the same thing, destroy each other, and leave the sense affirmative."—Maunder cor. "Slates are thin plates of stone, and are often used to cover the roofs of houses."—Webster cor. "Every man of taste, and of an elevated mind, ought to feel almost the necessity of apologizing for the power he possesses."—Translator of De Stael cor. "They very seldom trouble themselves with inquiries, or make any useful observations of their own."—Locke cor.

"We've both the field and honour won; Our foes are profligate, and run."—S. Butler cor.

UNDER NOTE III.—IMPORT OF CONJUNCTIONS.

"THE is sometimes used before adverbs in the comparative or the superlative degree."—Lennie, Bullions, and Brace cor. "The definite article THE is frequently applied to adverbs in the comparative or the superlative degree."—Lowth. Murray, et al, cor. "Conjunctions usually connect verbs in the same mood and tense." Or, more truly: "Verbs connected by a conjunction, are usually in the same mood and tense."—Sanborn cor. "Conjunctions connect verbs in the same style, and usually in the same mood, tense, and form." Or better: "Verbs connected by a conjunction, are usually of the same mood, tense, and form, as well as style."—Id. "The ruins of Greece or Rome are but the monuments of her former greatness."—P. E. Day cor. "It is not improbably, that in many of these cases the articles were used originally."—Priestley cor. "I cannot doubt that these objects are really what they appear to be."—Kames cor. "I question not that my reader will be as much pleased with it."—Spect. cor. "It is ten to one that my friend Peter is among them."—Id. "I doubt not that such objections as these will be made"—Locke cor. "I doubt not that it will appear in the perusal of the following sheets."—Buchanan cor. "It is not improbable, that in time these different constructions maybe appropriated to different uses."—Priestley cor. "But to forget and to remember at pleasure, are equally beyond the power of man."—Idler cor. "The nominative case follows the verb, in interrogative or imperative sentences."—L. Mur. cor. "Can the fig-tree, my brethren, bear olive berries? or a vine, figs?"—Bible cor. "Whose characters are too profligate for the managing of them to be of any consequence."—Swift cor. "You, that are a step higher than a philosopher, a divine, yet have too much grace and wit to be a bishop."—Pope cor. "The terms rich and poor enter not into their language."—Robertson cor. "This pause is but seldom, if ever, sufficiently dwelt upon." Or: "This pause is seldom or never sufficiently dwelt upon."—Gardiner cor. "There would be no possibility of any such thing as human life or human happiness."—Bp. Butler cor. "The multitude rebuked them, that they should hold their peace."—Bible cor.

UNDER NOTE IV.—THE CONJUNCTION THAN.

"A metaphor is nothing else than a short comparison." Or: "A metaphor is nothing but a short comparison."—Adam and Gould cor. "There being no other dictator here than use."—Murray's Gram., i, 364. "This construction is no otherwise known in English, than by supplying the first or the second person plural."—Buchanan cor. "Cyaxares was no sooner on the throne, than he was engaged in a terrible war."—Rollin cor. "Those classics contain little else than histories of murders."—Am. Mu. cor. "Ye shall not worship any other than God."—Sale cor. "Their relation, therefore, is not otherwise to be ascertained, than by their place."—Campbell cor. "For he no sooner accosted her, than he gained his point."—Burder cor. "And all the modern writers on this subject, have done little else than translate them."—Dr. Blair cor. "One who had no other aim than to talk copiously and plausibly."—Id. "We can refer it to no other cause than the structure of the eye."—Id. "No more is required than singly an act of vision."—Kames cor. "We find no more in its composition, than the particulars now mentioned."—Id. "He does not pretend to say, that it has any other effect than to raise surprise."—Id. "No sooner was the princess dead, than he freed himself."—Dr. S. Johnson cor. "OUGHT is an imperfect verb, for it has no modification besides this one."—Priestley cor. "The verb is palpably nothing else than the tie."—Neef cor. "Does he mean that theism is capable of nothing else than of being opposed to polytheism or atheism?"—Dr. Blair cor. "Is it meant that theism is capable of nothing else than of being opposed to polytheism or atheism?"—L. Murray cor. "There is no other method of teaching that of which any one is ignorant, than by means of something already known."—Ingersoll's Grammar, Titlepage: Dr. Johnson cor. "O fairest flower, no sooner blown than blasted!"—Milton cor. "Architecture and gardening cannot otherwise entertain the mind, than by raising certain agreeable emotions or feelings."—Kames cor. "Or, rather, they are nothing else than nouns."—Brit. Gram. cor.

"As if religion were intended For nothing else than to be mended."—S. Butler cor.

UNDER NOTE V.—RELATIVES EXCLUDE CONJUNCTIONS.

"To prepare the Jews for the reception of a prophet mightier than himself, a teacher whose shoes he was not worthy to bear."—Anon, or Mur. cor. "Has this word, which represents an action, an object after it, on which the action terminates?"—Osborne cor. "The stores of literature lie before him, from which he may collect for use many lessons of wisdom."— Knapp cor. "Many and various great advantages of this grammar over others, might be enumerated."—Greenleaf cor. "The custom which still prevails, of writing in lines from left to right, is said to have been introduced about the time of Solon, the Athenian legislator."—Jamieson cor. "The fundamental rule for the construction of sentences, the rule into which all others might be resolved, undoubtedly is, to communicate, in the clearest and most natural order, the ideas which we mean to express."—Blair and Jamieson cor. "He left a son of a singular character, who behaved so ill that he was put in prison."—L. Murray cor. "He discovered in the youth some disagreeable qualities which to him were wholly unaccountable."—Id. "An emphatical pause is made after something of peculiar moment has been said, on which we wish to fix the hearer's attention." Or: "An emphatical pause is made after something has been said which is of peculiar moment, and on which we wish to fix the hearer's attention."—Blair and Murray cor. "But we have duplicates of each, agreeing in movement, though differing in measure, and making different impressions on the ear,"—Murray cor.

UNDER NOTE VI.—OF THE WORD THAT.

"It will greatly facilitate the labours of the teacher, and, at the same time, it will relieve the pupil from many difficulties."—Frost cor. "While the pupil is engaged in the exercises just mentioned, it will be proper for him to study the whole grammar in course."—Bullions cor. "On the same ground on which a participle and an auxiliary are allowed to form a tense."—Beattie and Murray cor. "On the same ground on which the voices, moods, and tenses, are admitted into the English tongue."—L. Murray cor. "The five examples last mentioned, are corrected on the same principle that is applied to the errors preceding them."—Murray and Ingersoll cor. "The brazen age began at the death of Trajan, and lasted till Rome was taken by the Goths."—Gould cor. "The introduction to the duodecimo edition is retained in this volume, for the same reason for which the original introduction to the Grammar is retained in the first volume."—L. Murray cor. "The verb must also agree in person with its subject or nominative."—Ingersoll cor. "The personal pronoun 'THEIR' is plural for the same reason for which 'WHO' is plural."—Id. "The Sabellians could not justly be called Patripassians, in the same sense in which the Noetians were so called."—R. Adam cor. "This is one reason why we pass over such smooth language without suspecting that it contains little or no meaning."—L. Murray cor. "The first place at which the two armies came within sight of each other, was on the opposite banks of the river Apsus."—Goldsmith cor. "At the very time at which the author gave him the first book for his perusal."—Campbell cor. "Peter will sup at the time at which Paul will dine."—Fosdick cor. "Peter will be supping when Paul will enter."—Id. "These, while they may serve as models to those who may wish to imitate them, will give me an opportunity to cast more light upon the principles of this book."—Id.

"Time was, like thee, they life possess'd, And time shall be, when thou shalt rest."—Parnell cor.

UNDER NOTE VII.—OF THE CORRESPONDENTS.

"Our manners should be neither gross nor excessively refined."—Murray's Key, ii, 165. "A neuter verb expresses neither action nor passion, but being, or a state of being."—O. B. Peirce cor. "The old books are neither English grammars, nor in any sense grammars of the English language."—Id. "The author is apprehensive that his work is not yet so accurate and so much simplified as it may be."—Kirkham cor. "The writer could not treat some topics so extensively as [it] was desirable [to treat them]."—Id. "Which would be a matter of such nicety, that no degree of human wisdom could regulate it."—L. Murray cor. "No undertaking is so great or difficult, that he cannot direct it."—Duncan cor. "It is a good which depends neither on the will of others, nor on the affluence of external fortune."—Harris cor. "Not only his estate, but his reputation too, has suffered by his misconduct."—Murray and Ingersoll cor. "Neither do they extend so far as might be imagined at first view."—Dr. Blair cor. "There is no language so poor, but that it has (or, as not to have) two or three past tenses."—Id. "So far as this system is founded in truth, language appears to be not altogether arbitrary in its origin."—Id. "I have not such command of these convulsions as is necessary." Or: "I have not that command of these convulsions which is necessary."—Spect. cor. "Conversation with such as (or, those who) know no arts that polish life."—Id. "And which cannot be either very lively or very forcible."—Jamieson cor. "To such a degree as to give proper names to rivers."—Dr. Murray cor. "In the utter overthrow of such as hate to be reformed."—Barclay cor. "But still so much of it is retained, that it greatly injures the uniformity of the whole."—Priestley cor. "Some of them have gone to such a height of extravagance, as to assert," &c.—Id. "A teacher is confined, not more than a merchant, and probably not so much."—Abbott cor. "It shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world, nor in the world to come." Or: "It shall not be forgiven him, either in this world, or in the world to come."—Bible cor. "Which nobody presumes, or is so sanguine as to hope."—Swift cor. "For the torrent of the voice left neither time, nor power in the organs, to shape the words properly."—Sheridan cor. "That he may neither unnecessarily waste his voice by throwing out too much, nor diminish his power by using too little."—Id. "I have retained only such as appear most agreeable to the measures of analogy."—Littleton cor. "He is a man both prudent and industrious."—P. E. Day cor. "Conjunctions connect either words or sentences."—Brown's Inst., p. 169.

"Such silly girls as love to chat and play, Deserve no care; their time is thrown away."—Tobitt cor.

"Vice is a monster of so frightful mien, That to be hated she but needs be seen."—Pope cor.

"Justice must punish the rebellious deed; Yet punish so that pity shall exceed."—Dryden cor.

UNDER NOTE VIII.—IMPROPER ELLIPSES.

"THAT, WHOSE, and AS, relate either to persons or to things." Or better:—"relate as well to persons as to things."—Sanborn cor. "WHICH and WHAT, as adjectives, relate either to persons or to things." Or better:—"relate to persons as well as to things."—Id. "Whether of a public or of a private nature."—J. Q. Adams cor. "Which are included among both the public and the private wrongs."—Id. "I might extract, both from the Old and from the New Testament, numberless examples of induction."—Id. "Many verbs are used both in an active and in a neuter signification." Or thus: "Many verbs are used in both an active and a neuter signification."—Lowth, Mur., et al., cor. "Its influence is likely to be considerable, both on the morals and on the taste of a nation."—Dr. Blair cor. "The subject afforded a variety of scenes, both of the awful and of the tender kind."—Id. "Restlessness of mind disqualifies us both for the enjoyment of peace, and for the performance of our duty."—Mur. and Ing. cor. "Pronominal adjectives are of a mixed nature, participating the properties both of pronouns and of adjectives."—Mur. et al. cor. "Pronominal adjectives have the nature both of the adjective and of the pronoun."—Frost cor. Or: "[Pronominal adjectives] partake of the properties of both adjectives and pronouns."—Bucke's Gram., p. 55. "Pronominal adjectives are a kind of compound part of speech, partaking the nature both of pronouns and of adjectives."—Nutting cor. "Nouns are used either in the singular or in the plural number." Or perhaps better: "Nouns are used in either the singular or the plural number."—David Blair cor. "The question is not, whether the nominative or the accusative ought to follow the particles THAN and AS; but, whether these particles are, in such particular cases, to be regarded as conjunctions or as prepositions"—Campbell cor. "In English, many verbs are used both as transitives and as intransitives."—Churchill cor. "He sendeth rain both on the just and on the unjust."—See Matt., v, 45. "A foot consists either of two or of three syllables."—David Blair cor. "Because they participate the nature both of adverbs and of conjunctions."—L. Murray cor. "Surely, Romans, what I am now about to say, ought neither to be omitted, nor to pass without notice."—Duncan cor. "Their language frequently amounts, not only to bad sense, but to nonsense."—Kirkham cor. "Hence arises the necessity of a social state to man, both for the unfolding, and for the exerting, of his nobler faculties."—Sheridan cor. "Whether the subject be of the real or of the feigned kind."—Dr. H. Blair cor. "Not only was liberty entirely extinguished, but arbitrary power was felt in its heaviest and most oppressive weight."—Id. "This rule is also applicable both to verbal Critics and to Grammarians."—Hiley cor. "Both the rules and the exceptions of a language must have obtained the sanction of good usage."—Id.

CHAPTER X.—PREPOSITIONS.

CORRECTIONS UNDER THE NOTES TO RULE XXIII.

UNDER NOTE I.—CHOICE OF PREPOSITIONS.

"You have bestowed your favours upon the most deserving persons."—Swift corrected. "But, to rise above that, and overtop the crowd, is given to few."—Dr. Blair cor. "This [also is a good] sentence [, and] gives occasion for no material remark."—Blair's Rhet., p. 203. "Though Cicero endeavours to give some reputation to the elder Cato, and those who were his contemporaries." Or:—"to give some favourable account of the elder Cato," &c.—Dr. Blair cor. "The change that was produced in eloquence, is beautifully described in the dialogue."—Id. "Without carefully attending to the variation which they make in the idea."—Id. "All on a sudden, you are transported into a lofty palace."—Hazlitt cor. "Alike independent of one an other." Or: "Alike independent one of an other."—Campbell cor. "You will not think of them as distinct processes going on independently of each other."—Channing cor. "Though we say to depend on, dependent on, and dependence on, we say, independent of, and independently of."—Churchill cor. "Independently of the rest of the sentence."—Lowth's Gram., p. 80; Buchanan's, 83; Bullions's, 110; Churchill's, 348.[545] "Because they stand independent of the rest of the sentence."—Allen Fisk cor. "When a substantive is joined with a participle, in English, independently of the rest of the sentence."—Dr. Adam cor. "CONJUNCTION comes from the two Latin words con, together, and jungo, to join."—Merchant cor. "How different from this is the life of Fulvia!"—Addison cor. "LOVED is a participle or adjective, derived from the word love."—Ash cor. "But I would inquire of him, what an office is."—Barclay cor. "For the capacity is brought into action."—Id. "In this period, language and taste arrive at purity."—Webster cor. "And, should you not aspire to (or after) distinction in the republic of letters."—Kirkham cor. "Delivering you up to the synagogues, and into prisons."—Luke, xxi, 12. "He that is kept from falling into a ditch, is as truly saved, as he that is taken out of one."—Barclay cor. "The best of it is, they are but a sort of French Hugonots."—Addison cor. "These last ten examples are indeed of a different nature from the former."—R. Johnson cor. "For the initiation of students into the principles of the English language."—Ann. Rev. cor. "Richelieu profited by every circumstance which the conjuncture afforded."—Bolingbroke cor. "In the names of drugs and plants, the mistake of a word may endanger life."—Merchant's Key, p. 185. Or better: "In naming drugs or plants, to mistake a word, may endanger life."—L. Murray cor. "In order to the carrying of its several parts into execution."—Bp. Butler cor. "His abhorrence of the superstitious figure."—Priestley. "Thy prejudice against my cause."—Id. "Which is found in every species of liberty."—Hume cor. "In a hilly region on the north of Jericho."—Milman cor. "Two or more singular nouns coupled by AND require a verb or pronoun in the plural."—Lennie cor.

"Books should to one of these four ends conduce, To wisdom, piety, delight, or use."—Denham cor.

UNDER NOTE II.—TWO OBJECTS OR MORE.

"The Anglo-Saxons, however, soon quarrelled among themselves for precedence."—Const. Misc. cor. "The distinctions among the principal parts of speech are founded in nature."—Webster cor. "I think I now understand the difference between the active verbs and those which are passive or neuter."—Ingersoll cor. "Thus a figure including a space within three lines, is the real as well as nominal essence of a triangle."—Locke cor. "We must distinguish between an imperfect phrase and a simple sentence, and between a simple sentence and a compound sentence."—Lowth, Murray, et al., cor. "The Jews are strictly forbidden by their law to exercise usury towards one an other."—Sale cor. "All the writers have distinguished themselves among themselves."—Addison cor. "This expression also better secures the systematic uniformity of the three cases."—Nutting cor. "When two or more infinitives or clauses are connected disjunctively as the subjects of an affirmation, the verb must be singular."—Jaudon cor. "Several nouns or pronouns together in the same case, require a comma after each; [except the last, which must sometimes be followed by a greater point.]"—David Blair cor. "The difference between one vowel and an other is produced by opening the mouth differently, and placing the tongue in a different manner for each."—Churchill cor. "Thus feet composed of syllables, being pronounced with a sensible interval between one foot and an other, make a more lively impression than can be made by a continued sound."—Kames cor. "The superlative degree implies a comparison, sometimes between two, but generally among three or more."—R. C. Smith cor. "They are used to mark a distinction among several objects."—Levizac cor.

UNDER NOTE III.—OMISSION OF PREPOSITIONS.

"This would have been less worthy of notice."—Churchill cor. "But I passed it, as a thing unworthy of my notice."—Werter cor. "Which, in compliment to me, perhaps you may one day think worthy of your attention."—Bucke cor. "To think this small present worthy of an introduction to the young ladies of your very elegant establishment."— Id. "There are but a few miles of portage."—Jefferson cor. "It is worthy of notice, that our mountains are not solitary."—Id. "It is about one hundred feet in diameter." [546]—Id. "Entering a hill a quarter or half of a mile."—Id. "And herself seems passing to an awful dissolution, whose issue it is not given to human foresight to scan."—Id. "It was of a spheroidical form, about forty feet in diameter at the base, and had been about twelve feet in altitude."—Id. "Before this, it was covered with trees of twelve inches in diameter; and, round the base, there was an excavation of five feet in depth and five in width."—Id. "Then thou mayst eat grapes to thy fill, at thine own pleasure."—Bible cor. "Then he brought me back by the way of the gate of the outward sanctuary."—Id. "They will bless God, that he has peopled one half of the world with a race of freemen."—Webster cor. "Of what use can these words be, till their meaning is known?"—Town cor. "The tents of the Arabs now are black, or of a very dark colour."—The Friend cor. "They may not be unworthy of the attention of young men."—Kirkham cor. "The pronoun THAT is frequently applied to persons as well as to things."—Merchant cor. "And 'who' is in the same case that 'man' is in."—Sanborn cor. "He saw a flaming stone, apparently about four feet in diameter."—The Friend cor. "Pliny informs us, that this stone was of the size of a cart."—Id. "Seneca was about twenty years of age in the fifth year of Tiberius, when the Jews were expelled from Rome."—L'Estrange cor. "I was prevented from reading a letter which would have undeceived me."—Hawkesworth cor. "If the problem can be solved, we may be pardoned for the inaccuracy of its demonstration."—Booth cor. "The army must of necessity be the school, not of honour, but of effeminacy."—Dr. Brown cor. "Afraid of the virtue of a nation in its opposing of bad measures:" or,—"in its opposition to bad measures."—Id. "The uniting of them in various ways, so as to form words, would be easy."—Gardiner cor. "I might be excused from taking any more notice of it."—Watson cor. "Watch therefore; for ye know not at what hour your Lord will come."—Bible cor. "Here, not even infants were spared from the sword."—M'Ilvaine cor. "To prevent men from turning aside to false modes of worship."—John Allen cor. "God expelled them from the garden of Eden."—Burder cor. "Nor could he refrain from expressing to the senate the agonies of his mind."—Hume cor. "Who now so strenuously opposes the granting to him of any new powers."—Duncan cor. "That the laws of the censors have banished him from the forum."—Id. "We read not that he was degraded from his office in any other way."—Barclay cor. "To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting."—Hutchinson cor. "On the 1st of August, 1834."—Brit. Parl. cor.

"Whether you had not some time in your life Err'd in this point on which you censure him."—Shak. cor.

UNDER NOTE IV.—OF NEEDLESS PREPOSITIONS.

"And the apostles and elders came together to consider this matter."—Barclay cor.; also Acts. "Adjectives, in our language, have neither case, nor gender, nor number; the only variation they have, is comparison."—Buchanan cor. "'It is to you that I am indebted for this privilege;' that is, 'To you am I indebted;' or, 'It is you to whom I am indebted.'"—Sanborn cor. "BOOKS is a common noun, of the third person, plural number, and neuter gender."—Ingersoll cor. "BROTHER'S is a common noun, of the third person, singular number, masculine gender, and possessive case."—L. Murray cor. "VIRTUE'S is a common noun, of the third person, singular number, [neuter gender,] and possessive case."—Id. "When the authorities on one side greatly preponderate, it is vain to oppose the prevailing usage."—Campbell and Murray cor. "A captain of a troop of banditti, had a mind to be plundering Rome."—Collier cor. "And, notwithstanding its verbal power, we have added the TO and other signs of exertion."—Booth cor. "Some of these situations are termed CASES, and are expressed by additions to the noun, in stead of separate words:" or,—"and not by separate words."—Id. "Is it such a fast that I have chosen, that a man should afflict his soul for a day, and bow down his head like a bulrush?"—Bacon cor. Compare Isa., lviii, 5. "And this first emotion comes at last to be awakened by the accidental in stead of the necessary antecedent."—Wayland cor. "About the same time, the subjugation of the Moors was completed."—Balbi cor. "God divided between the light and the darkness."—Burder cor. "Notwithstanding this, we are not against outward significations of honour."—Barclay cor. "Whether these words and practices of Job's friends, ought to be our rule."—Id. "Such verb cannot admit an objective case after it."—Lowth cor. "For which, God is now visibly punishing these nations."—C. Leslie cor. "In this respect, Tasso yields to no poet, except Homer."—Dr. Blair cor. "Notwithstanding the numerous panegyrics on the ancient English liberty."—Hume cor. "Their efforts seemed to anticipate the spirit which became so general afterwards."—Id.

UNDER NOTE V.—THE PLACING OF THE WORDS.

"But how short of its excellency are my expressions!"—Baxter cor. "In his style, there is a remarkable union of harmony with ease."—Dr. H. Blair cor. "It disposes of the light and shade in the most artificial manner, that every thing may be viewed to the best advantage."—Id. "For brevity, Aristotle too holds an eminent rank among didactic writers."—Id. "In an introduction, correctness of expression should be carefully studied."—Id. "In laying down a method, one ought above all things to study precision."—Id. "Which shall make on the mind the impression of something that is one, whole, and entire."—Id. "At the same time, there are in the Odyssey some defects which must be acknowledged." Or: "At the same time, it must be acknowledged that there are some defects in the Odyssey."—Id. "In the concluding books, however, there are beauties of the tragic kind."—Id. "These forms of conversation multiplied by degrees, and grew troublesome."—Kames, El. of Crit., ii, 44. "When she has made her own choice, she sends, for form's sake, a conge-d'elire to her friends."—Ib., ii, 46. "Let us endeavour to establish to ourselves an interest in him who holds in his hand the reins of the whole creation."—Spectator cor.; also Kames. "Next to this, the measure most frequent in English poetry, is that of eight syllables."—David Blair cor. "To introduce as great a variety of cadences as possible."— Jamieson cor. "He addressed to them several exhortations, suitable to their circumstances."—L. Murray cor. "Habits of temperance and self-denial must be acquired."—Id. "In reducing to practice the rules prescribed."—Id. "But these parts must be so closely bound together, as to make upon the mind the impression of one object, not of many."—Blair and Mur. cor. "Errors with respect to the use of shall and will, are sometimes committed by the most distinguished writers."—N. Butler cor.

CHAPTER XI.—PROMISCUOUS EXERCISES.

CORRECTIONS OF THE PROMISCUOUS EXAMPLES.

LESSON I.—ANY PARTS OF SPEECH.

"Such a one, I believe, yours will be proved to be."—Peet and Farnum cor. "Of the distinction between the imperfect and the perfect tense, it may be observed," &c.—L. Ainsworth cor. "The subject is certainly worthy of consideration."—Id. "By this means, all ambiguity and controversy on this point are avoided."—Bullions cor. "The perfect participle, in English, has both an active and a passive signification." Better: "The perfect participle, in English, has sometimes an active, and sometimes a passive, signification."—Id. "The old house has at length fallen down."—Id. "The king, the lords, and the commons, constitute the English form of government."—Id. "The verb in the singular agrees with the person next to it." Better: "The singular verb agrees in person with that nominative which is next to it."—Id. "Jane found Seth's gloves in James's hat."—O. C. Felton cor. "Charles's task is too great."—Id. "The conjugation of a verb is the naming of its several moods, tenses, numbers, and persons, in regular order."—Id. "The long-remembered beggar was his guest."—Id. "Participles refer to nouns or pronouns."—Id. "F has a uniform sound, in every position, except in OF." Better: "F has one unvaried sound, in every position, except in OF."—E. J. Hallock cor. "There are three genders; the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter."—Id. "When SO and THAT occur together, sometimes the particle SO is taken as an adverb."—Id. "The definition of the articles shows that they modify [the import of] the words to which they belong."—Id. "The auxiliary, SHALL, WILL, or SHOULD, is implied."—Id. "Single-rhymed trochaic omits the final short syllable."—Brown's Inst., p. 237. "Agreeably to this, we read of names being blotted out of God's book."—Burder, Hallock, and Webster, cor. "The first person is that which denotes the speaker."—Inst., p. 32. "Accent is the laying of a peculiar stress of the voice, on a certain letter or syllable in a word."—L. Murray's Gram., p. 235; Felton's, 134. "Thomas's horse was caught."—Felton cor. "You were loved."—Id. "The nominative and the objective end alike."—T. Smith cor. "The numbers of pronouns, like those of substantives, are two; the singular and the plural."—Id. "I is called the pronoun of the first person, because it represents the person speaking."—Frost cor. "The essential elements of the phrase are an intransitive gerundive and an adjective."—Hazen cor. "Wealth is no justification for such impudence."—Id. "That he was a soldier in the revolution, is not doubted."—Id. "Fishing is the chief employment of the inhabitants."—Id. "The chief employment of the inhabitants, is the catching of fish."—Id. "The cold weather did not prevent the work from being finished at the time specified."—Id. "The man's former viciousness caused him to be suspected of this crime."—Id. "But person and number, applied to verbs, mean certain terminations."—Barrett cor. "Robert felled a tree."—Id. "Charles raised himself up."—Id. "It might not be a useless waste of time."—Id. "Neither will you have that implicit faith in the writings and works of others, which characterizes the vulgar."—Id. "I is of the first person, because it denotes the speaker."—Ib. "I would refer the student to Hedge's or Watts's Logic."—Id. "Hedge's Watts's, Kirwin's, and Collard's Logic."—Parker and Fox cor. "Letters that make a full and perfect sound of themselves, are called vowels." Or: "The letters which make," &c.—Cutler cor. "It has both a singular and a plural construction."—Id. "For he beholds (or beholdeth) thy beams no more."—Id. Carthon. "To this sentiment the Committee have the candour to incline, as it will appear by their summing-up."—Macpherson cor. "This reduces the point at issue to a narrow compass."—Id. "Since the English set foot upon the soil."—Exiles cor. "The arrangement of its different parts is easily retained by the memory."—Hiley cor. "The words employed are the most appropriate that could have been selected."—Id. "To prevent it from launching!"—Id. "Webster has been followed in preference to others, where he differs from them." Or: "Webster's Grammar has been followed in preference to others, where it differs from them."—Frazee cor. "Exclamation and interrogation are often mistaken the one for the other."—Buchanan cor. "When all nature is hushed in sleep, and neither love nor guilt keeps its vigils."—Felton cor. Or thus:—

"When all nature's hush'd asleep. Nor love, nor guilt, doth vigils keep."

LESSON II.—ANY PARTS OF SPEECH.

"A Versifier and a Poet are two different things."—Brightland cor. "Those qualities will arise from the well-expressing of the subject."—Id. "Therefore the explanation of NETWORK is not noticed here."—Mason cor. "When emphasis or pathos is necessary to be expressed."—Humphrey cor. "Whether this mode of punctuation is correct, or whether it is proper to close the sentence with the mark of admiration, may be made a question."—Id. "But not every writer in those days was thus correct."—Id. "The sounds of A, in English orthoepy, are no fewer than four."—Id. "Our present code of rules is thought to be generally correct." Or: "The rules in our present code are thought to be generally correct."—Id. "To prevent it from running into an other"—Id. "Shakspeare, perhaps, the greatest poetical genius that England has produced."—Id. "This I will illustrate by example; but, before doing so, a few preliminary remarks may be necessary."—Id. "All such are entitled to two accents each, and some of them to two accents nearly equal."—Id. "But some cases of the kind are so plain, that no one needs to exercise (or, need exercise) his judgement therein."—Id. "I have forborne to use the word."—Id. "The propositions, 'He may study,' 'He might study,' 'He could study,' affirm an ability or power to study."—E. J. Hallock cor. "The divisions of the tenses have occasioned grammarians much trouble and perplexity."—Id. "By adopting a familiar, inductive method of presenting this subject, one may render it highly attractive to young learners."—Wells cor. "The definitions and rules of different grammarians were carefully compared with one an other:" or—"one with an other."—Id. "So as not wholly to prevent some sound from issuing."—Sheridan cor. "Letters of the Alphabet, not yet noticed."—Id. "'IT is sad,' 'IT is strange,' &c., seem to express only that the thing is sad, strange, &c."—Well-Wishers cor. "The winning is easier than the preserving of a conquest."—Same. "The United States find themselves the owners of a vast region of country at the west."—H. Mann cor. "One or more letters placed before a word are a prefix."—S. W. Clark cor. "One or more letters added to a word, are a Suffix."—Id. "Two thirds of my hair have fallen off." Or: "My hair has, two thirds of it, fallen off."—Id. "'Suspecting' describes us, the speakers, by expressing, incidentally, an act of ours."—Id. "Daniel's predictions are now about being fulfilled." Or thus: "Daniel's predictions are now receiving their fulfillment"—Id. "His scholarship entitles him to respect."—Id. "I doubted whether he had been a soldier."—Id. "The taking of a madman's sword to prevent him from doing mischief, cannot be regarded as a robbery."—Id. "I thought it to be him; but it was not he."—Id. "It was not I that you saw."—Id. "Not to know what happened before you were born, is always to be a boy."—Id. "How long were you going? Three days."—Id. "The qualifying adjective is placed next to the noun."—Id. "All went but I."—Id. "This is a parsing of their own language, and not of the author's."—Wells cor. "Those nouns which denote males, are of the masculine gender." Or: "Nouns that denote males, are of the masculine gender."—Wells, late Ed. "Those nouns which denote females, are of the feminine gender." Or: "Nouns that denote females, are of the feminine gender."—Wells, late Ed. "When a comparison among more than two objects of the same class is expressed, the superlative degree is employed."—Wells cor. "Where d or t goes before, the additional letter d or t, in this contracted form, coalesces into one letter with the radical d or t."—Dr. Johnson cor. "Write words which will show what kind of house you live in—what kind of book you hold in your hand—what kind of day it is."—Weld cor. "One word or more are often joined to nouns or pronouns to modify their meaning."—Id. "Good is an adjective; it explains the quality or character of every person to whom, or thing to which, it is applied." Or:—"of every person or thing that it is applied to."—Id. "A great public as well as private advantage arises from every one's devoting of himself to that occupation which he prefers, and for which he is specially fitted."—Wayland, Wells, and Weld, cor. "There was a chance for him to recover his senses." Or: "There was a chance that he might recover his senses."—Wells and Macaulay cor. "This may be known by the absence of any connecting word immediately preceding it."—Weld cor. "There are irregular expressions occasionally to be met with, which usage, or custom, rather than analogy, sanctions."—Id. "He added an anecdote of Quin relieving Thomson from prison." Or: "He added an anecdote of Quin as relieving Thomson from prison." Or: "He added an anecdote of Quin's relieving of Thomson from prison." Or better: "He also told how Quin relieved Thomson from prison."—Id. "The daily labour of her hands procures for her all that is necessary."—Id. "That it is I, should make no change in your determination."—Hart cor. "The classification of words into what are called the Parts of Speech."—Weld cor. "Such licenses may be explained among what are usually termed Figures."—Id.

"Liberal, not lavish, is kind Nature's hand."—Beattie.

"They fall successive, and successive rise."—Pope.

LESSON III.—ANY PARTS OF SPEECH.

"A Figure of Etymology is an intentional deviation from the usual form of a word."—See Brown's Institutes, p. 229. "A Figure of Syntax is an intentional deviation from the usual construction of a word."—See Brown's Inst., p. 230. "Synecdoche is the naming of the whole of any thing for a part, or a part for the whole."—Weld cor. "Apostrophe is a turning-off[547] from the regular course of the subject, to address some person or thing."—Id. "Even young pupils will perform such exercises with surprising interest and facility, and will unconsciously gain, in a little time, more knowledge of the structure of language, than they can acquire by a drilling of several years in the usual routine of parsing."—Id. "A few rules of construction are employed in this part, to guide the pupil in the exercise of parsing."—Id. "The name of any person, object, or thing, that can be thought of, or spoken of, is a noun."—Id. "A dot, resembling our period, is used between every two words, as well as at the close of each verse."—W. Day cor. "The casting of types in matrices was invented by Peter Schoeffer, in 1452."—Id. "On perusing it, he said, that, so far [was it] from showing the prisoner's guilt [that] it positively established his innocence."—Id. "By printing the nominative and verb in Italic letters, we shall enable the reader to distinguish them at a glance."—Id. "It is well, no doubt, to avoid unnecessary words."—Id. "I meeting a friend the other day, he said to me, 'Where are you going?'"—Id. "To John, apples were first denied; then they were promised to him; then they were offered to him."—Lennie cor. "Admission was denied him."—Wells cor. "A pardon was offered to them."—L. Murray's Gram., 8vo, p. 183. "A new potato was this day shown me."—Darwin, Webster, Frazee, and Weld, cor. "Those nouns or pronouns which denote males, are of the masculine gender."—S. S. Greene, cor. "There are three degrees of comparison; the positive, the comparative, and the superlative."—Id. "The first two refer to direction; the third refers to locality."—Id. "The following are some of the verbs which take a direct and an indirect object."—Id. "I was not aware that he was the judge of the supreme court."—Id. "An indirect question may refer to any of the five elements of a declarative sentence."—Id. "I am not sure that he will be present."—Id. "We left New York on Tuesday."—Id. "He left the city, as he told me, before the arrival of the steamer."—Id. "We told him that he must leave us;"—Id. "We told him to leave us."—Id. "Because he was unable to persuade the multitude, he left the place, in disgust."—Id. "He left the company, and took his brother with him."—Id. "This stating, or declaring, or denying of any thing, is called the indicative mood, or manner of speaking."—Weld cor. "This took place at our friend Sir Joshua Reynolds's."—Id. "The manner in which a young lady may employ herself usefully in reading, will be the subject of an other paper."—Id. "Very little time is necessary for Johnson to conclude a treaty with the bookseller."—Id. "My father is not now sick; but if he were, your services would be welcome."—Chandler's Common School Gram., Ed. of 1847, p. 79. "Before we begin to write or speak, we ought to fix in our minds a clear conception of the end to be aimed at."—Dr. Blair cor. "Length of days is in her right hand; and, in her left hand, are riches and honour."—See Proverbs, iii, 16. "The active and the passive present express different ideas."—Bullions cor. "An Improper Diphthong, (sometimes called a Digraph,) is a diphthong in which only one of the vowels is sounded."—Fowler cor. (See G. Brown's definition.) "The real origin of the words is to be sought in the Latin."—Fowler cor. "What sort of alphabet the Gothic languages possess, we know; what sort of alphabet they require, we can determine."—Id. "The Runic alphabet, whether borrowed or invented by the early Goths, is of greater antiquity than either the oldest Teutonic or the Moeso-Gothic alphabet."—Id. "Common to the masculine and neuter genders."—Id. "In the Anglo-Saxon, HIS was common to both the masculine and the Neuter Gender."—Id. "When time, number, or dimension, is specified, the adjective follows the substantive."—Id. "Nor pain, nor grief nor anxious fear, Invades thy bounds."—Id. "To Brighton, the Pavilion lends a lath-and-plaster grace."—Fowler cor. "From this consideration, I have given to nouns but one person, the THIRD."—D. C. Allen cor.

"For it seems to guard and cherish E'en the wayward dreamer—me."—Anon. cor.

CHAPTER XII.—GENERAL REVIEW.

CORRECTIONS UNDER ALL THE PRECEDING RULES AND NOTES.

LESSON I.—ARTICLES.

"And they took stones, and made a heap."—ALGER'S BIBLE: Gen., xxxi, 46. "And I do know many fools, that stand in better place."—Shak. cor. "It is a strong antidote to the turbulence of passion, and the violence of pursuit."—Kames cor. "The word NEWS may admit of either a singular or a plural application."—Wright cor. "He has gained a fair and honourable reputation."—Id. "There are two general forms, called the solemn and the familiar style." Or:—"called the solemn and familiar styles."—Sanborn cor. "Neither the article nor the preposition can be omitted."—Wright cor. "A close union is also observable between the subjunctive and the potential mood."—Id. "Should we render service equally to a friend, a neighbour, and an enemy?"—Id. "Till a habit is obtained, of aspirating strongly."—Sheridan cor. "There is a uniform, steady use of the same signs."—Id. "A traveller remarks most of the objects which he sees."—Jamieson cor. "What is the name of the river on which London stands? Thames."—G. B. "We sometimes find the last line of a couplet or a triplet stretched out to twelve syllables."—Adam cor. "The nouns which follow active verbs, are not in the nominative case."—David Blair cor. "It is a solemn duty to speak plainly of the wrongs which good men perpetrate."—Channing cor. "The gathering of riches is a pleasant torment."—L. Cobb cor. "It is worth being quoted." Or better: "It is worth quoting."—Coleridge cor. "COUNCIL is a noun which admits of a singular and a plural form."—Wright cor. "To exhibit the connexion between the Old Testament and the New."—Keith cor. "An apostrophe discovers the omission of a letter or of letters."—Guy cor. "He is immediately ordained, or rather acknowledged, a hero."—Pope cor. "Which is the same in both the leading and the following state."—Brightland cor. "Pronouns, as will be seen hereafter, have three distinct cases; the nominative, the possessive, and the objective."—D. Blair cor. "A word of many syllables is called a polysyllable."—Beck cor. "Nouns have two numbers; the singular and the plural."—Id. "They have three genders; the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter."—Id. "They have three cases; the nominative, the possessive, and the objective."—Id. "Personal pronouns have, like nouns, two numbers; the singular and the plural;—three genders; the masculine, the feminine, and the neuter;—three cases; the nominative, the possessive, and the objective."—Id. "He must be wise enough to know the singular from the plural"—Id. "Though they may be able to meet every reproach which any one of their fellows may prefer."—Chalmers cor. "Yet for love's sake I rather beseech thee, being such a one as Paul the aged."—Bible cor.; also Webster. "A people that jeoparded their lives unto death."—Bible cor. "By preventing too great an accumulation of seed within too narrow a compass."—The Friend cor. "Who fills up the middle space between the animal and the intellectual nature, the visible and the invisible world."—Addison cor. "The Psalms abound with instances of the harmonious arrangement of words."—Murray cor. "On an other table, were a ewer and a vase, likewise of gold."—Mirror cor. "TH is said to have two sounds, a sharp and a flat."—Wilson cor. "The SECTION (Sec.) is sometimes used in the subdividing of a chapter into lesser parts."—Brightland cor. "Try it in a dog, or a horse, or any other creature."—Locke cor. "But particularly in the learning of languages, there is the least occasion to pose children."—Id. "Of what kind is the noun RIVER, and why?"—R. C. Smith cor. "Is WILLIAM'S a proper or a common noun?"—Id. "What kind of article, then, shall we call the?" Or better: "What then shall we call the article the?"—Id.