Thus far we have proceeded along the same lines as the woollen manufacturer, but now we must deviate from that course, for he requires softness and delicacy for special purposes, for spinning and weaving, etc.; but the felt manufacturer, and especially the manufacturer of felt for felt hats, requires to sacrifice some of this softness and delicacy in favour of greater felting powers, which can only be obtained by raising the scales of the fibres by means of a suitable process, such as treatment with acids. This process is one which is by no means unfavourable to the dyeing capacities of the wool; on the whole it is decidedly favourable.

So far everything in the treatment of the wool has been perfectly favourable for the subsequent operations of the felt-hat dyer, but now I come to a process which I consider I should be perfectly unwarranted in passing over before proceeding to the dyeing processes. In fact, were it not for this "proofing process" (see Lecture VII.) the dyeing of felt hats would be as simple and easy of attainment as the ordinary dyeing of whole-wool fabrics. Instead of this, however, I consider the hat manufacturer, as regards his dyeing processes as applied to the stiffer classes of felt hats, has difficulties to contend with fully comparable with those which present themselves to the dyer of mixed cotton and woollen or Bradford goods. You have heard that the purpose of the wool-scourer is to remove the dirt, grease, and so-called yolk, filling the pores and varnishing the fibres. Now the effect of the work of the felt or felt-hat proofer is to undo nearly all this for the sake of rendering the felt waterproof and stiff. The material used, also, is even more impervious and resisting to the action of aqueous solutions of dyes and mordants than the raw wool would be. In short, it is impossible to mordant and to dye shellac by any process that will dye wool. To give you an idea of what it is necessary to do in order to colour or dye shellac, take the case of coloured sealing-wax, which is mainly composed of shellac, four parts, and Venice turpentine, one part. To make red sealing-wax this mixture is melted, and three parts of vermilion, an insoluble metallic pigment, are stirred in. If black sealing-wax is required, lamp-black or ivory-black is stirred in. The fused material is then cast in moulds, from which the sticks are removed on cooling. That is how shellac may be coloured as sealing-wax, but it is a totally different method from that by which wool is dyed. The difficulty then is this—in proofing, your hat-forms are rendered impervious to the dye solutions of your dye-baths, all except a thin superficial layer, which then has to be rubbed down, polished, and finished. Thus in a short time, since the bulk of that superficially dyed wool or fur on the top of every hat is but small, and has been much reduced by polishing and rubbing, you soon hear of an appearance of bareness—I was going to say threadbareness—making itself manifest. This is simply because the colour or dye only penetrates a very little way down into the substance of the felt, until, in fact, it meets the proofing, which, being as it ought to be, a waterproofing, cannot be dyed. It cannot be dyed either by English or German methods; neither logwood black nor coal-tar blacks can make any really good impression on it. Cases have often been described to me illustrating the difficulty in preventing hats which have been dyed black with logwood, and which are at first a handsome deep black, becoming rather too soon of a rusty or brownish shade. Now my belief is that two causes may be found for this deterioration. One is the unscientific method adopted in many works of using the same bath practically for about a month together without complete renewal. During this time a large quantity of a muddy precipitate accumulates, rich in hydrated oxide of iron or basic iron salts of an insoluble kind. This mud amounts to no less than 25 per cent. of the weight of the copperas used. From time to time carbonate of ammonia is added to the bath, as it is said to throw up "dirt." The stuff or "dirt," chiefly an ochre-like mass stained black with the dye, and rich in iron and carbonate of iron, is skimmed off, and fresh verdigris and copperas added with another lot of hat-forms. No doubt on adding fresh copperas further precipitation of iron will take place, and so this ochre-like precipitate will accumulate, and will eventually come upon the hats like a kind of thin black mud. Now the effect of this will be that the dyestuff, partly in the fibre as a proper dye, and not a little on the fibre as if "smudged" on or painted on, will, on exposure to the weather, moisture, air, and so on, gradually oxidise, the great preponderance of iron on the fibre changing to a kind of iron-rust, corroding the fibres in the process, and thus at once accounting for the change to the ugly brownish shade, and to the rubbing off and rapid wearing away of the already too thin superficial coating of dyed felt fibre. In the final spells of dyeing in the dye-beck already referred to, tolerably thick with black precipitate or mud, the application of black to the hat-forms begins, I fear, to assume at length a too close analogy to another blacking process closely associated with a pair of brushes and the time-honoured name of Day & Martin. With that logwood black fibre, anyone could argue as to a considerable proportion of the dye rubbing, wearing, or washing off. Thus, then, we have the second cause of the deterioration of the black, for the colour could not go into the fibre, and so it was chiefly laid or plastered on. You can also see that a logwood black hat dyer may well make the boast, and with considerable appearance of truth, that for the purposes of the English hat manufacturers, logwood black dyeing is the most appropriate, i.e. for the dyeing of highly proofed and stiff goods, but as to the permanent character of the black colour on those stiff hats, there you have quite another question. I firmly believe that in order to get the best results either with logwood black or "aniline blacks," it is absolutely necessary to have in possession a more scientific and manageable process of proofing. Such a process is that invented by F.W. Cheetham (see Lecture VII. p. 66).

In the dyeing of wool and felt with coal-tar colours, it is in many cases sufficient to add the solution of the colouring matters to the cold or tepid water of the dye-bath, and, after introducing the woollen material, to raise the temperature of the bath. The bath is generally heated to the boiling-point, and kept there for some time. A large number of these coal-tar colours show a tendency of going so rapidly and greedily on to the fibre that it is necessary to find means to restrain them. This is done by adding a certain amount of Glauber's salts (sulphate of soda), in the solution of which coal-tar colours are not so soluble as in water alone, and so go more slowly, deliberately, and thus evenly upon the fibre. It is usually also best to dye in a bath slightly acid with sulphuric acid, or to add some bisulphate of soda. There is another point that needs good heed taking to, namely, in using different coal-tar colours to produce some mixed effect, or give some special shade, the colours to be so mixed must possess compatibility under like circumstances. For example, if you want a violet of a very blue shade, and you take Methyl Violet and dissolve it in water and then add Aniline Blue also in solution, you find that precipitation of the colour takes place in flocks. A colouring matter which requires, as some do, to be applied in an acid bath, ought not to be applied simultaneously with one that dyes best in a neutral bath. Numerous descriptions of methods of using coal-tar dyestuffs in hat-dyeing are available in different volumes of the Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry, and also tables for the detection of such dyestuffs on the fibre.

Now I will mention a process for dyeing felt a deep dead black with a coal-tar black dye which alone would not give a deep pure black, but one with a bluish-purple shade. To neutralise this purple effect, a small quantity of a yellow dyestuff and a trifle of indigotin are added. A deep black is thus produced, faster to light than logwood black it is stated, and one that goes on the fibre with the greatest ease. But I have referred to the use of small quantities of differently coloured dyes for the purpose of neutralising or destroying certain shades in the predominating colour. Now I am conscious that this matter is one that is wrapped in complete mystery, and far from the true ken of many of our dyers; but the rational treatment of such questions possesses such vast advantages, and pre-supposes a certain knowledge of the theory of colour, of application and advantage so equally important, that I am persuaded I should not close this course wisely without saying a few words on that subject, namely, the optical properties of colours.

Colour is merely an impression produced upon the retina, and therefore on the brain, by various surfaces or media when light falls upon them or passes through them. Remove the light, and colour ceases to exist. The colour of a substance does not depend so much on the chemical character of that substance, but rather and more directly upon the physical condition of the surface or medium upon which the light falls or through which it passes. I can illustrate this easily. For example, there is a bright-red paint known as Crooke's heat-indicating paint. If a piece of iron coated with this paint be heated to about 150 deg. F., the paint at once turns chocolate brown, but it is the same chemical substance, for on cooling we get the colour back again, and this can be repeated any number of times. Thus we see that it is the peculiar physical structure of bodies which appear coloured that has a certain effect upon the light, and hence it must be from the light itself that colour really emanates. Originally all colour proceeds from the source of light, though it seems to come to the eye from the apparently coloured objects. But without some elucidation this statement would appear as an enigma, since it might be urged that the light of the sun as well as that of artificial light is white, and not coloured. I hope, however, to show you that that light is white, because it is so much coloured, so variously and evenly coloured, though I admit the term "coloured" here is used in a special sense. White light contains and is made up of all the differently coloured rainbow rays, which are continually vibrating, and whose wave-lengths and number of vibrations distinguish them from each other. We will take some white light from an electric lantern and throw it on a screen. In a prism of glass we have a simple instrument for unravelling those rays, and instead of letting them all fall on the same spot and illumine it with a white light, it causes them to fall side by side; in fact they all fall apart, and the prism has actually analysed that light. We get now a coloured band, similar to that of the rainbow, and this band is called the spectrum (see Fig. 16). If we could now run all these coloured rays together again, we should simply reproduce white light. We can do this by catching the coloured band in another prism, when the light now emerging will be found to be white. Every part of that spectrum consists of homogeneous light, i.e. light that cannot be further split up. The way in which the white light is so unravelled by the prism is this: As the light passes through the prism its different component coloured rays are variously deflected from their normal course, so that on emerging we have each of these coloured rays travelling in its own direction, vibrating in its own plane. It is well to remember that the bending off, or deflection, or refraction, is towards the thick end of the prism always, and that those of the coloured rays in that analysed band, the spectrum, most bent away from the original line of direction of the white light striking the prism, are said to be the most refrangible rays, and consequently are situated in the most refrangible end or part of the spectrum, namely, that farthest from the original direction of the incident white light. These most refrangible rays are the violet, and we pass on to the least refrangible end, the red, through bluish-violet, blue, bluish-green, green, greenish-yellow, yellow, and orange. If you placed a prism say in the red part of the spectrum, and caught some of those red rays and allowed them to pass through your prism, and then either looked at the emerging light or let it fall on a white surface, you would find only red light would come through, only red rays. That light has been once analysed, and it cannot be further broken up. There is great diversity of shades, but only a limited number of primary impressions. Of these primary impressions there are only four—red, yellow, green, and blue, together with white and black. White is a collective effect, whilst black is the antithesis of white and the very negation of colour. The first four are called primary colours, for no human eye ever detected in them two different colours, while all of the other colours contain two or more primary colours. If we mix the following tints of the spectrum, i.e. the following rays of coloured light, we shall produce white light, red and greenish-yellow, orange and Prussian blue, yellow and indigo blue, greenish-yellow and violet. All those pairs of colours that unite to produce white are termed complementary colours. That is, one is complementary to the other. Thus if in white light you suppress any one coloured strip of rays, which, mingled uniformly with all the rest of the spectral rays, produces the white light, then that light no longer remains white, but is tinged with some particular tint. Whatever colour is thus suppressed, a particular other tint then pervades the residual light, and tinges it. That tint which thus makes its appearance is the one which, with the colour that was suppressed, gave white light, and the one is complementary to the other. Thus white can always be compounded of two tints, and these two tints are complementary colours. But it is important to remark here that I am now speaking of rays of coloured light proceeding to and striking the eye; for a question like this might be asked: "You say that blue and yellow are complementary colours, and together they produce white, but if we mix a yellow and a blue paint or dye we have as the result a green colour. How is this?" The cases are entirely different, as I shall proceed to show. In speaking of the first, the complementary colours, we speak of pure spectral colours, coloured rays of light; in the latter, of pigment or dye colours. As we shall see, in the first, we have an addition direct of coloured lights producing white; in the latter, the green colour, appearing as the result of the mixture of the blue and yellow pigments, is obtained by the subtraction of colours; it is due to the absorption, by the blue and yellow pigments, of all the spectrum, practically, except the green portion. In the case of coloured objects, we are then confronted with the fact that these objects appear coloured because of an absorption by the colouring matter of every part of the rays of light falling thereupon, except that of the colour of the object, which colour is thrown off or reflected. This will appear clearer as we proceed. Now let me point out a further fact and indicate another step which will show you the value of such knowledge as this if properly applied. I said that if we selected from the coloured light spectrum, separated from white light by a prism, say, the orange portion, and boring a hole in our screen, if we caught that orange light in another prism, it would emerge as orange light, and suffer no further analysis. It cannot be resolved into red and yellow, as some might have supposed, it is monochromatic light, i.e. light purely of one colour. But when a mixture of red and yellow light, which means, of course, a mixture of rays of greater and less refrangibility respectively than our spectral orange, the monochromatic orange—is allowed to strike the eye, then we have again the impression of orange. How are we to distinguish a pure and monochromatic orange colour from a colour produced by a mixture of red and yellow? In short, how are we to distinguish whether colours are homogeneous or mixed? The answer is, that this can only be done by the prism, apart from chemical analysis or testing of the substances.



The spectroscope is a convenient prism-arrangement, such that the analytical effect produced by that prism is looked at through a telescope, and the light that falls on the prism is carefully preserved from other light by passing it along a tube after only admitting a small quantity through a regulated slit.

Now all solid and liquid bodies when raised to a white heat give a continuous spectrum, one like the prismatic band already described, and one not interrupted by any dark lines or bands. The rays emitted from the white-hot substance of the sun have to pass, before reaching our earth, through the sun's atmosphere, and since the light emitted from any incandescent body is absorbed on passing through the vapour of that substance, and since the sun is surrounded by such an atmosphere of the vapours of various metals and substances, hence we have, on examining the sun's spectrum, instead of coloured bands or lines only, many dark ones amongst them, which are called Fraunhofer's lines. Ordinary incandescent vapours from highly heated substances give discontinuous spectra, i.e. spectra in which the rays of coloured light are quite limited, and they appear in the spectroscope only as lines of the breadth of the slit. These are called line-spectra, and every chemical element possesses in the incandescent gaseous state its own characteristic lines of certain colour and certain refrangibility, by means of which that element can be recognised. To observe this you place a Bunsen burner opposite the slit of the spectroscope, and introduce into its colourless flame on the end of a platinum wire a little of a volatile salt of the metal or element to be examined. The flame of the lamp itself is often coloured with a distinctiveness that is sufficient for a judgment to be made with the aid of the naked eye alone, as to the metal or element present. Thus soda and its salts give a yellow flame, which is absolutely yellow or monochromatic, and if you look through your prism or spectroscope at it, you do not see a coloured rainbow band or spectrum, as with daylight or gaslight, but only one yellow double line, just where the yellow would have been if the whole spectrum had been represented. I think it is now plain that for the sake of observations and exact discrimination, it is necessary to map out our spectrum, and accordingly, in one of the tubes, the third, the spectroscope is provided with a graduated scale, so adjusted that when we look at the spectrum we also see the graduations of the scale, and so our spectrum is mapped; the lines marked out and named with the large and small letters of the alphabet, are certain of the prominent Fraunhofer's lines (see A, B, C, a, d, etc., Fig. 16). We speak, for example, of the soda yellow-line as coinciding with D of the spectrum. These, then, are spectra produced by luminous bodies.

The colouring matters and dyes, their solutions, and the substances dyed with them, are not, of course, luminous, but they do convert white light which strikes upon or traverses them into coloured light, and that is why they, in fact, appear either as coloured substances or solutions. The explanation of the coloured appearance is that the coloured substances or solutions have the power to absorb from the white light that strikes or traverses them, all the rays of the spectrum but those which are of the colour of the substance or solution in question, these latter being thrown off or reflected, and so striking the eye of the observer. Take a solution of Magenta, for example, and place a light behind it. All the rays of that white light are absorbed except the red ones, which pass through and are seen. Thus the liquid appears red. If a dyed piece be taken, the light strikes it, and if a pure red, from that light all the rays but red are absorbed, and so red light alone is reflected from its surface. But this is not all with a dyed fabric, for here the light is not simply reflected light; part of it has traversed the upper layers of that coloured body, and is then reflected from the interior, losing a portion of its coloured rays by absorption. This reflected coloured light is always mixed with a certain amount of white light reflected from the actual surface of the body before penetrating its uppermost layer. Thus, if dyed fabrics are examined by the spectroscope, the same appearances are generally observed as with the solution of the corresponding colouring matters. An absorption spectrum is in each case obtained, but the one from the solution is the purer, for it does not contain the mixed white light reflected from the surfaces of coloured objects. Let us now take an example. We will take a cylinder glass full of picric acid in water, and of a yellow colour. Now when I pass white light through that solution and examine the emerging light, which looks, to my naked eye, yellow, I find by the spectroscope that what has taken place is this: the blue part of the spectrum is totally extinguished as far as G and 2/3 of F. That is all. Then why, say you, does that liquid look yellow if all the rest of those rays pass through and enter the eye, namely, the blue-green with a trifle of blue, the green, yellow, orange, and red? The reason is this: we have already seen that the colours complementary to, and so producing white light with red, are green and greenish-blue or bluish-green. Hence these cancel, so to say, and we only see yellow. We do not see a pure yellow, then, in picric acid, but yellow with a considerable amount of white. Here is a piece of scarlet paper. Why does it appear scarlet? Because from the white light falling upon it, it practically absorbs all the rays of the spectrum except the red and orange ones, and these it reflects. If this be so, then, and we take our spectrum band of perfectly pure colours and pass our strip of scarlet paper along that variously coloured band of light, we shall be able to test the truth of several statements I have made as to the nature of colour. I have said colour is only an impression, and not a reality; and that it does not exist apart from light. Now, I can show you more, namely, that the colour of the so-called coloured object is entirely dependent on the existence in the light of the special coloured rays which it radiates, and that this scarlet paper depends on the red light of the spectrum for the existence of its redness. On passing the piece of scarlet paper along the coloured band of light, it appears red only when in the red portion of the spectrum, whilst in the other portions, though it is illumined, yet it has no colour, in fact it looks black. Hence what I have said is true, and, moreover, that red paper looks red because, as you see, it absorbs and extinguishes all the rays of the spectrum but the red ones, and these it radiates. A bright green strip of paper placed in the red has no colour, and looks black, but transferred to the pure green portion it radiates that at once, does not absorb it as it did the red, and so the green shines out finely. I have told you that sodium salts give to a colourless flame a fine monochromatic or pure yellow colour. Now, if this be so, and if all the light available in this world were of such a character, then such a colour as blue would be unknown. We will now ask ourselves another question, "We have a new blue colouring matter, and we desire to know if we may expect it to be one of the greatest possible brilliancy, what spectroscopic conditions ought it to fulfil?" On examining a solution of it, or rather the light passing through a solution of it, with the spectroscope, we ought to find that all the rays of the spectrum lying between and nearly to H and b (Fig. 16), i.e. all the bluish-violet, blue, and blue-green rays pass through it unchanged, unabsorbed, whilst all the rest should be completely absorbed. In like manner a pure yellow colour would allow all the rays lying between orange-red and greenish-yellow (Fig. 16) to pass through unchanged, but would absorb all the other colours of the spectrum.

Now we come to the, for you, most-important subject of mixtures of colours and their effects. Let us take the popular case of blue and yellow producing green. We have seen that the subjective effect of the mixture of blue and yellow light on the eye is for the latter to lose sense of colour, since colour disappears, and we get what we term white light; in strict analogy to this the objective effect of a pure yellow pigment and a blue is also to destroy colour, and so no colour comes from the object to the eye; that object appears black. Now the pure blue colouring matter would not yield a green with the pure yellow colouring matter, for if you plot off the two absorption spectra as previously described, on to the spectrum (Fig. 16), you will find that all the rays would be absorbed by the mixture, and the result would be a black. But, now, suppose a little less pure yellow were taken, one containing a little greenish-yellow and a trifle of green, and also a little orange-red on the other side to red, then whereas to the eye that yellow might be as good as the first; now, when mixed with a blue, we get a very respectable green. But, and this is very important, although of the most brilliant dyes and colours there are probably no two of these that would so unite to block out all the rays and produce black, yet this result can easily and practically be arrived at by using three colouring matters, which must be as different as possible from one another. Thus a combination of a red, a yellow, and a blue colouring matter, when concentrated enough, will not let any light pass through it, and can thus be used for the production of blacks, and this property is made use of in dyeing. And now we see why a little yellow dye is added to our coal-tar black. A purplish shade would else be produced; the yellow used is a colour complementary to that purple, and it absorbs just those blue and purple rays of the spectrum necessary to illuminate by radiation that purple, and vice versa; both yellow and purple therefore disappear. In like manner, had the black been of a greenish shade, I should have added Croceine Orange, which on the fabric would absorb just those green and bluish rays of light necessary to radiate from and illumine that greenish part, and the greenish part would do the like by the orange rays; the effects would be neutralised, and all would fall together into black.

THE END.



INDEX

Acetone, 64

Acid, boric. See Boric acid. " carbolic. See Phenol. " colours, mordanting, 74 " hydrochloric. See Hydrochloric acid. " nitric. See Nitric acid. " sulphuric. See Sulphuric acid.

Acids, distinguishing, from alkalis, 23, 49 " neutralisation of, 50 " properties of, 49 " specific gravities of, 49

Affinity, chemical, 71

Alizarin, 75, 76, 80, 83, 91, 99 " blue, 90 " paste, 91 " pure, 91 " purple, 77 " red, 77

Alkali, manufacture of, by ammonia-soda process, 55 " manufacture of, by electrolytic process, 56 " manufacture of, by Leblanc process, 53

Alkalis, distinguishing, from acids, 23, 49 " neutralisation of, 50 " properties of, 49 " specific gravities of, 49

Alum, cake, 73

Aluminium sulphate, 73

Ammonia, 23, 95

Ammonia-soda process, 55

Aniline, 91 " black, 81 " constitution of, 96 " preparation of, 96 " reaction of 97 " violet 77, 81

Animal fibres. See Fibres.

Annatto, 83, 85, 87

Anthracene, 90

Archil. See Orchil.

Aurin, 91, 98

Azo dyestuffs, 98

Barwood, 99

Basic colours or dyestuffs, mordanting, 76

Bast fibres. See Fibres.

Bastose, 4

Bastose, distinction between, and cellulose, 4

Beaume hydrometer degrees, 31

Benzene, 90, 96

Bixin, 88

Black-ash process, 54

Blue colour, absorption spectrum of pure, 114

Boilers, incrustations in, 42

Boiling-point, effect of pressure on, 32 " of water, effect of dissolved salts on, 36 " of water, effect of increase of pressure on, 35

Borax, 59 " tests of purity of, 59

Boric acid, 57

Boronitrocalcite, 59

Brasilin, 99

Brazil wood, 99

Camwood, 99

Carbolic acid. See Phenol.

Carminic acid, 76

Carre ice-making machine, 32

Carrotting. See Secretage.

Carthamic acid, 87

Carthamin, 87

Cellulose, action of cupric-ammonium solutions on, 5 " composition of, 3 " distinction between, and bastose, 4 " properties of pure, 5

Cholesterol, 100

Chrome mordanting, 78

Chrome orange, 84 " yellow, 84

Chroming, over-, 78

Clark's soap test, 43

Coal-tar, 90 " yield of valuable products from, 90

Cochineal, 75, 76, 82, 83, 99

Coerulein, 90

Colour, absorption spectrum of pure blue, 114 " absorption spectrum of pure yellow, 114 " acids, 77 " bases, 77 " nature of, 107

Coloured substances, spectra of, 112

Colours, acid, mordanting of, 74 " basic, 75 " classification of, 79 " complementary, 109 " mixed, spectra of, 115 " pigment, 110 " primary, 110 " spectral, 110

Conditioning establishments, 21

Congo red, 71

Copper salts, dissolving, in iron pans, 39 " wet method of extracting, 38

Corrosion caused by fatty acids, 35

Cotton and woollen goods, separation of mixed, 5

Cotton fibre, action of basic zinc chloride on, 5 " composition of, 3 " dimensions of, 2 " stomata in cuticle of, 2 " structure of, 1

Cotton-silk fibre, 3 " " composition of, 3

Crookes' heat-indicating paint, 107

Cudbear, 86

Cupric ammonium solution, action of, on cellulose, 5

Curcumin, 87

Dextrin, 4

Dyeing felt hats deep black, 106 " " effect of stiffening and proofing process in, 65, 103 " of wool and felt with coal-tar colours, 105 " of wool and fur, 100 " power of coal-tar dyestuffs, 93 " with mixed coal-tar colours, 106

Dyestuffs, adjectiv, 83, 99 " azo, 98 " classification of, 79 " coal-tar, 90 " " dyeing power of, 93 " " yield of, 91 " mineral, 83 " monogenetic, 81 " pigment, 83 " polygenetic, 82 " substantive, 83 " " artificial, 89 " " natural, 85

Equivalence, law of, 49

Fats, decomposition of, by superheated steam, 35

Felt, dyeing, deep black, 106 " " with coal-tar colours, 105

Felting, dilute acid for promoting, 22 " effect of water in, 21 " fur, 15 " interlocking of scales in, 13 " preparation of fur for, 18 " unsuitability of dead wool for, 18

Fibre, cotton. See Cotton. " cotton-silk. See Cotton-silk. " flax. See Flax. " jute. See Jute. " silk. See Silk. " wool. See Wool.

Fibres, action of acids on textile, 5 " " alkaline solution of copper and glycerin on textile, 28 " " alkalis on textile, 5 " " caustic soda on textile , 28 " " copper-oxide-ammonia on textile, 28 " " nitric acid on textile, 28 " " steam on textile, 5 " " sulphuric acid on textile, 27

Fibres, animal, 6 " bast, 3 " vegetable, 1 " " and animal, determining, in mixture, 27 " " and animal, distinguishing, 4, 5 " " and animal, distinguishing and separating, 24

Fibroin, 7

Flax fibre, action of basic zinc chloride on, 5 " composition of, 3 " structure of, 2

Fraunhofer's lines, 111, 112

Fur, 8 " action of acids on, 23 " " of alkalis on, 24 " " on, in secretage process, 17 " chrome mordanting of, 77 " composition of, 22 " felting, 15 " finish and strength of felted, effect of boiling water on, 22 " hygroscopicity of, 20 " preparation of, for felting, 18 " secretage or carrotting of, 17 " stiffening and proofing of felted, 66 " sulphur in, reagents for detection of, 26

Fustic, 99

Gallein, 82, 83

Gallnuts, 99

Garancine, 99

Guy-Lussac tower, 52

Glover tower, 52

Glucose, 4

Greening of black hats, 65

Haematein, 76, 78 83, 99

Hair, 8 " cells from, 11 " distinction between, and wool, 12, 14 " dyeing, 26 " growth of, 8 " scales from, 11 " " of, action of reagents on, 12 " scaly structure of, 11 " structure of, 8, 9 " sulphur in, reagents for detection of, 26

Hargreaves & Robinson's process, 53

Hats dyed logwood black, deterioration of, 104 " greening of black, 65 " stiffening and proofing of, 63, 64 " stiffening and proofing of, by Cheetham's process, 66 " stiffening and proofing of, by Continental process, 66 " stiffening and proofing process, effect of, in dyeing, 65, 103

Heat, latent, 32, 33 " " of steam, 34 " " of water, 34

Heddebault's process of separating mixed cotton and woollen goods, 5

Hydrochloric acid, manufacture of, by Hargreaves & Robinson's process, 53 " " manufacture of, by salt-cake process, 53

Ice, heat of liquefaction of, 34

Ice-making machine, Carre, 32

Indican, 85

Indicators, 50, 70

Indigo, 85 " artificial, 86 " blue, 85 " recovery of, from indigo-dyed woollen goods, 24 " vat, 86 " white, 85

Insoluble compounds, precipitation of, from solutions, 38

Iron liquor. See Mordant, iron.

Jute fibre, 3 " composition of, 4

Lac, button, 63 " dye, 62, 99 " seed, 62 " stick, 62 See also Shellac.

Lakes, colour, 75

Latent heat. See Heat.

Leblanc process, 53

Light, analysis of white, 107 " composition of white, 107 " homogeneous or monochromatic, 108, 110 " rays, refraction of, 108

Linen fibre. See Flax.

Litmus, 70, 86

Logwood, 75, 76, 78, 83, 99

Logwood black, 78, 81, 104 " " deterioration of hats dyed with, 104

Madder, 80, 83, 99

Magenta, 76, 80, 83, 91, 97

Marsh gas, 95

Mercuric nitrate, use of, for the secretage of fur, 17

Merino wool, 15

Methane. See Marsh gas.

Methyl alcohol. See Wood spirit. " green, 97 " violet, 97

Mirbane, essence of, 96

Molisch's test, 4

Mordant, alumina, 64, 75 " antimony, 76 " iron, 64, 76 " tannin, 76 " tin, 76

Mordanting acid (phenolic) colours, 74 " basic colours, 76 " chrome, 77 " woollen fabrics, 75

Mordants, 69 " fatty acid, 77

Naphthalene, 90, 98

Naphthol yellow, 91

Naphthols, 91, 98

Naphthylamine, 91

Nitric acid, 95 " manufacture of, 52

Nitrobenzene, 96

Nitroprusside of soda, 26

Oils, decomposition of, by superheated steam, 35

Orcein, 86

Orchil, 85, 86

Orcin, 86

Orellin, 88

Over-chroming, See Chroming.

Paint, Crookes' heat-indicating, 107

Persian berries, 75, 99

Phenol, 90 " constitution of, 98

Phenolic colours. See Acid colours.

Phenolphthalein, 70

Picric acid, 81, 91 " absorption spectrum of, 113 " constitution of, 98

Plumbate of soda, 26

Potassium, decomposition of water by, 25, 30

Proofing mixture, 63 " process, 64 " " Cheetham's, 66 " " Continental, 66 " " effect of, in dyeing, 65, 103

Purpurin, 99

Quercitron, 99

Red liquor. See Mordant, alumina.

Refraction of light rays, 108

Safflower, 85, 87

Salt-cake process, 53

Salts, 49 " acid, 70, 71 " basic, 71 " neutral or normal, 71 " stable, 72 " unstable, 72

Santalin, 99

Santalwood, 99

Sealing-wax, coloured, 103

Secretage of fur, 17 " process, injury to fur in, 17

Sericin, 7

Shellac, 62 " colouring of, 103 " rosin in, detection of, 63 " solvents for, 63 See also Lac.

Silk fibre, action of acids on, 7 " " " of alkaline solution of, copper and glycerin on, 7 " " " of alkalis on, 7 " " " of basic zinc chloride on, 7 " " bleaching of, 7 " " composition of, 7 " " structure of, 6 " " ungumming of, 7 " glue, 7 " gum, 7

Soap, 60 " alkali in, detection of, 61 " oleic acid, 101 " palm oil, 101 " water in, determination of, 60

Soda. See Alkali.

Solution, 36 " precipitation of insoluble compounds from, 38

Specific gravity, 30

Spectra of coloured substances 112

Spectroscope, 111

Spectrum, 108 " absorption, 113 " continuous, 111 " discontinuous or line, 111

Spirits of salt. See Hydrochloric acid.

Starch, 4

Steam, 31 " latent heat of, 34

Stiffening mixture, 63 " process, 64 " " Cheetham's, 66 " " Continental, 66 " " effect of, in dyeing 65, 103

Suint. See Wool grease.

Sulphur in wool, fur, and hair, reagents for detection of, 26

Sulphuric acid, manufacture of, 50 " " " by contact process, 52 " " " by lead chamber process, 51

Sumach, 99

Tannins, 99

Tincal, 59

Tiza, 59

Toluene, 90

Toluidine, 91

Turmeric, 80, 83, 85, 87

Twaddell hydrometer degrees, 31

Ultramarine blue, 81

Ultramarine green, 81 " rose-coloured, 81

Valency, 71

Vegetable fibres. See Fibres.

Veneering process, 66

Vermilline scarlet, 91

Vitriol. See Sulphuric acid.

Water, 29 " boiling of 31 " boiling-point of, effect of dissolved salts on 36 " boiling-point of, effect of increase of pressure on, 35 " chlorides in, detection of, 47 " composition of, 29 " contamination of, by factories, 45 " copper in, detection of, 46 " decomposition of, by potassium, 25, 30 " filtration of, 47 " hard, 41, 42 " " Clark's soap test for, 43 " " softening of, 41 " " waste of soap by, 43 " hardness, temporary and permanent, of, 42 " impurities in, 42 " " effect of, in dyeing, 42 " " ferruginous, 44 " iron in, detection of, 46 " latent heat of, 34 " lead in, detection of, 47 " lime in, detection of, 46 " magnesium in, detection of, 46 " purification of, 45 " purity of, tests for, 46 " soft, 40 " effect of carbonic acid in hardening, 40 " sulphates in, detection of, 24

Wood acid, 64 " destructive distillation of, 64 " spirit, 64

Wool, chrome mordanting of, 77 " dead: why it will not felt, 18 " dyeing, with coal-tar colours, 105 " felted, effect of boiling water on finish and strength of, 22 " felted, effect of stiffening process on finish of, 66, 103 " felting of, interlocking of scales in, 13 " fibre, 8 " " action of acids on, 23 " " " of alkalis on, 24 " " composition of, 22 " " curly structure of, 15 " " distinction between, and hair, 12, 14 " " growth of, 8 " " hygroscopicity of, 20 " " structure of, from diseased sheep, 19 " " sulphur in, reagents for detection of, 26 " grease, 100 " kempy, 19 " merino, 15 " mordanting, 75 " scouring, 101 " stripping of, 23

Woollen goods, indigo-dyed, recovery of indigo from, 24 " " mixed cotton and, separation of, 5

Xylenes, 90

Yellow colour, absorption spectrum of pure, 114

Yolk. See Wool grease.



Abridged Catalogue

OF

Special Technical Books.

INDEX TO SUBJECTS.

PAGE

Agricultural Chemistry, 9 Air, Industrial Use of, 10 Alum and its Sulphates, 8 Ammonia, 8 Aniline Colours, 3 Animal Fats, 6 Anti-corrosive Paints, 4 Architecture, Terms in, 22 Architectural Pottery, 12 Artificial Perfumes, 7

Balsams, 9 Bleaching, 17 Bleaching Agents, 17 Bone Products, 8 Bookbinding, 23 Brick-making, 11, 12 Burnishing Brass, 20

Carpet Yarn Printing, 16 Casein, 4 Celluloid, 23 Cement, 22 Ceramic Books, 11 Charcoal, 8 Chemical Essays, 8 Chemical Works, 8 Chemistry of Pottery, 12 Clay Analysis, 12 Coal dust Firing, 19 Colour Matching, 16 Colliery Recovery Work, 18 Colour-mixing for Dyers, 16 Colour Theory, 16 Combing Machines, 18 Compounding Oils, 6 Condensing Apparatus, 19 Cosmetics, 7 Cotton Dyeing, 17 Cotton Spinning, 17, 18 Cotton Waste, 18

Damask Weaving, 15 Dampness in Buildings, 22 Decorators' Books, 4 Decorative Textiles, 15 Dental Metallurgy, 19 Drugs, 22 Drying Oils, 5 Drying with Air, 10 Dyeing Marble, 23 Dyeing Woollen Fabrics, 17 Dyers' Materials, 16 Dye-stuffs, 17

Edible Fats and Oils, 7 Electric Wiring, 20, 21 Electricity in Collieries, 19 Emery, 24 Enamelling Metal, 13, 21 Enamels, 13 Engineering Handbooks, 20 Engraving, 23 Essential Oils, 7 Evaporating Apparatus, 9 External Plumbing, 20

Fats, 6 Faults in Woollen Goods, 15 Flax Spinning, 18 Food and Drugs, 22 Fruit Preserving, 22

Gas Firing, 19 Glass-making Recipes, 13 Glass Painting, 13 Glue-making and Testing, 8 Greases, 6 Gutta Percha, 11

Hat Manufacturing, 15 Hemp Spinning, 18 History of Staffs Potteries 12 Hops, 21 Hot-water Supply, 21

India-rubber, 11 Industrial Alcohol, 9 Inks, 3, 4, 5, 9 Iron-corrosion, 4 Iron, Science of, 19

Japanning, 21 Jute Spinning, 18

Lace-Making, 15 Lacquering, 20 Lake Pigments, 3 Lead and its Compound, 10 Leather-working Mater'ls, 6, 11 Libraries, 24 Linoleum, 5 Lithography, 23 Lubricants, 6

Manures, 8, 9 Meat Preserving, 22 Mineral Pigments, 3 Mineral Waxes, 6 Mine Ventilation, 18 Mine Haulage, 18 Mining, Electricity, 19

Needlework, 15

Oil and Colour Recipes, 3 Oil Boiling, 5 Oil Merchants' Manual, 6 Oils, 6 Ozone, Industrial Use of, 10

Paint Manufacture, 3 Paint Materials, 3 Paint-material Testing, 4 Paint Mixing, 3 Paper-Mill Chemistry, 13 Paper-pulp Dyeing, 13 Petroleum, 6 Pigments, Chemistry of, 3 Plumbers' Work, 20 Pottery Clays, 12 Pottery Decorating, 11 Pottery Manufacture, 11 Pottery Marks, 12 Power-loom Weaving, 14 Preserved Foods, 22 Printers' Ready Reckoner 23 Printing Inks, 3, 4, 5

Recipes, 3 Resins, 9 Ring Spinning Frame, 18 Risks of Occupations, 10 Riveting China, etc., 12

Sanitary Plumbing, 20 Scheele's Essays, 8 Sealing Waxes, 9 Shale Tar Distillation, 8 Shoe Polishes, 6 Silk Dyeing, 17 Silk Throwing, 17 Smoke Prevention, 19 Soaps, 7 Spinning, 15, 17, 18 Spirit Varnishes, 5 Staining Marble, and Bone, 23 Steam Drying, 10 Steel Hardening, 19 Sugar Refining, 23 Sweetmeats, 22

Technical Schools, List, 24 Terra-cotta, 11 Testing Paint Materials, 4 Testing Yarns, 15 Textile Fabrics, 14, 15 Textile Fibres, 14 Textile Materials, 14 Timber, 21

Varnishes, 5 Vegetable Fats, 7 Vegetable Preserving, 22

Warp Sizing, 16 Waste Utilisation, 9 Water, Industrial Use, 10 Water-proofing Fabrics, 16 Waxes, 6 Weaving Calculations, 15 White Lead and Zinc, 5 Wood Distillation, 21 Wood Extracts, 21 Wood Waste Utilisation, 22 Wood-Dyeing, 23 Wool-Dyeing, 17 Woollen Goods, 15, 16, 17 Writing Inks, 9

X-Ray Work, 11

Yarn Sizing, 16 Yarn Testing, 15

Zinc White Paints, 5

PUBLISHED BY SCOTT, GREENWOOD & SON 8 BROADWAY, LUDGATE, LONDON, E.C.



FULL PARTICULARS OF CONTENTS

Of the Books mentioned in this ABRIDGED CATALOGUE will be found in the following Catalogues of

CURRENT TECHNICAL BOOKS.

LIST I.

Artists' Colours—Bone Products—Butter and Margarine Manufacture—Casein—Cements—Chemical Works (Designing and Erection)—Chemistry (Agricultural, Industrial, Practical and Theoretical)—Colour Mixing—Colour Manufacture—Compounding Oils—Decorating—Driers—Drying Oils—Drysaltery—Emery—Essential Oils—Fats (Animal, Vegetable, Edible)—Gelatines—Glues—Greases— Gums—Inks—Lead—Leather—Lubricants—Oils—Oil Crushing—Paints—Paint Manufacturing—Paint Material Testing—Perfumes—Petroleum—Pharmacy— Recipes (Paint, Oil and Colour)—Resins—Sealing Waxes—Shoe Polishes—Soap Manufacture—Solvents—Spirit Varnishes—Varnishes—White Lead—Workshop Wrinkles.

LIST II.

Bleaching—Bookbinding—Carpet Yarn Printing—Colour (Matching, Mixing, Theory)—Cotton Combing Machines—Dyeing (Cotton, Woollen and Silk Goods)—Dyers' Materials—Dye-stuffs—Engraving—Flax, Hemp and Jute Spinning and Twisting—Gutta-Percha—Hat Manufacturing—India-rubber—Inks—Lace-making—Lithography—Needlework—Paper Making—Paper-Mill Chemist—Paper-pulp Dyeing—Point Lace—Power-loom Weaving—Printing Inks—Silk Throwing—Smoke Prevention—Soaps—Spinning—Textile (Spinning, Designing, Dyeing, Weaving, Finishing)—Textile Materials—Textile Fabrics—Textile Fibres—Textile Oils—Textile Soaps—Timber—Water (Industrial Uses)—Water-proofing—Weaving—Writing Inks—Yarns (Testing, Sizing).

LIST III.

Architectural Terms—Brassware (Bronzing, Burnishing, Dipping, Lacquering)—Brickmaking—Building—Cement Work—Ceramic Industries—China—Coal-dust Firing—Colliery Books—Concrete—Condensing Apparatus—Dental Metallurgy—Drainage—Drugs—Dyeing—Earthenware—Electrical Books—Enamelling—Enamels—Engineering Handbooks—Evaporating Apparatus—Flint Glass-making—Foods—Food Preserving—Fruit Preserving—Gas Engines—Gas Firing—Gearing—Glassware (Painting, Riveting)—Hops—Iron (Construction, Science)—Japanning—Lead—Meat Preserving—Mines (Haulage, Electrical Equipment, Ventilation, Recovery Work from)—Plants (Diseases, Fungicides, Insecticides)—Plumbing Books—Pottery (Architectural, Clays, Decorating, Manufacture, Marks on)—Reinforced Concrete—Riveting (China, Earthenware, Glassware)—Steam Turbines—Sanitary Engineering—Steel (Hardening, Tempering)—Sugar—Sweetmeats—Toothed Gearing—Vegetable Preserving—Wood Dyeing—X-Ray Work.

COPIES OF ANY OF THESE LISTS WILL BE SENT POST FREE ON APPLICATION.

(Paints, Colours, Pigments and Printing Inks.)

THE CHEMISTRY OF PIGMENTS. By ERNEST J. PARRY, B.Sc. (Lond.), F.I.C., F.C.S., and J.H. COSTE, F.I.C., F.C.S. Demy 8vo. Five Illustrations. 285 pp. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 10s. 10d. home; 11s. 3d. abroad.)

THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINT. A Practical Handbook for Paint Manufacturers, Merchants and Painters. By J. CRUICKSHANK SMITH, B.Sc. Demy 8vo. 200 pp. Sixty Illustrations and One Large Diagram. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

DICTIONARY OF CHEMICALS AND RAW PRODUCTS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAINTS, COLOURS, VARNISHES AND ALLIED PREPARATIONS. By GEORGE H. HURST, F.C.S. Demy 8vo. 380 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 8s. home; 8s. 6d. abroad.)

THE MANUFACTURE OF LAKE PIGMENTS FROM ARTIFICIAL COLOURS. By FRANCIS H. JENNISON, F.I.C., F.C.S. Sixteen Coloured Plates, showing Specimens of Eighty-nine Colours, specially prepared from the Recipes given in the Book. 136 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL AND LAKE PIGMENTS. Containing Directions for the Manufacture of all Artificial, Artists and Painters' Colours, Enamel, Soot and Metallic Pigments. A text-book for Manufacturers, Merchants, Artists and Painters, By Dr. JOSEF BERSCH. Translated by A.C. WRIGHT, M.A. (Oxon.), B.Sc. (Lond.). Forty-three Illustrations. 476 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 12s. 6d. net. (Post free, 13s. home; 13s. 6d. abroad.)

RECIPES FOR THE COLOUR, PAINT, VARNISH, OIL, SOAP AND DRYSALTERY TRADES. Compiled by AN ANALYTICAL CHEMIST. 350 pp. Second Revised Edition. Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 3d. abroad.)

OIL COLOURS AND PRINTERS' INKS. By LOUIS EDGAR ANDES. Translated from the German. 215 pp. Crown 8vo. 56 Illustrations. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

MODERN PRINTING INKS. A Practical Handbook for Printing Ink Manufacturers and Printers. By ALFRED SEYMOUR. Demy 8vo. Six Illustrations. 90 pages. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

THREE HUNDRED SHADES AND HOW TO MIX THEM. For Architects, Painters and Decorators. By A. DESAINT, Artistic Interior Decorator of Paris. The book contains 100 folio Plates, measuring 12 in. by 7 in., each Plate containing specimens of three artistic shades. These shades are all numbered, and their composition and particulars for mixing are fully given at the beginning of the book. Each Plate is interleaved with grease-proof paper, and the volume is very artistically bound in art and linen with the Shield of the Painters' Guild impressed on the cover in gold and silver. Price 21s. net. (Post free, 21s. 6d. home; 22s. 6d. abroad.)

HOUSE DECORATING AND PAINTING. By W. NORMAN BROWN. Eighty-eight Illustrations. 150 pp. Crown 8vo. Price 3s. 6d. net. (Post free, 3s. 9d. home and abroad.)

A HISTORY OF DECORATIVE ART. By W. NORMAN BROWN. Thirty-nine Illustrations. 96 pp. Crown 8vo. Price 1s. net. (Post free, 1s. 3d. home and abroad.)

WORKSHOP WRINKLES. for Decorators, Painters, Paperhangers, and Others. By W.N. BROWN. Crown 8vo. 128 pp. Second Edition. Price 2s. 6d. net. (Post free, 2s. 9d. home; 2s. 10d. abroad.)

CASEIN. By ROBERT SCHERER. Translated from the German by CHAS. SALTER. Demy 8vo. Illustrated. Second Revised English Edition. 160 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

SIMPLE METHODS FOR TESTING PAINTERS' MATERIALS. By A.C. WRIGHT, M.A. (Oxon.)., B.Sc. (Lond.). Crown 8vo. 160 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

IRON-CORROSION, ANTI-FOULING AND ANTI-CORROSIVE PAINTS. Translated from the German of LOUIS EDGAR ANDES. Sixty-two Illustrations. 275 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 10s. 10d. home; 11s. 3d. abroad.)

THE TESTING AND VALUATION OF RAW MATERIALS USED IN PAINT AND COLOUR MANUFACTURE. By M.W. JONES, F.C.S. A Book for the Laboratories of Colour Works. 88 pp. Crown 8vo. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home and abroad.)

For contents of these books, see List I.

THE MANUFACTURE AND COMPARATIVE MERITS OF WHITE LEAD AND ZINC WHITE PAINTS. By G. PETIT, Civil Engineer, etc. Translated from the French. Crown 8vo. 100 pp. Price 4s. net. (Post free, 4s. 3d. home; 4s. 4d. abroad.)

STUDENTS' HANDBOOK OF PAINTS, COLOURS, OILS AND VARNISHES. By JOHN FURNELL. Crown 8vo. 12 Illustrations. 96 pp. Price 2s. 6d. net. (Post free, 2s. 9d. home and abroad.)

(Varnishes and Drying Oils.)

THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES AND KINDRED INDUSTRIES. By J. GEDDES MCINTOSH. Second, greatly enlarged, English Edition, in three Volumes, based on and including the work of Ach. Livache.

VOLUME I.—OIL CRUSHING, REFINING AND BOILING, THE MANUFACTURE OF LINOLEUM, PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHIC INKS, AND INDIA-RUBBER SUBSTITUTES. Demy 8vo. 150 pp. 29 Illustrations. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

VOLUME II.—VARNISH MATERIALS AND OIL-VARNISH MAKING. Demy 8vo. 70 Illustrations. 220 pp. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 10s. 10d. home; 11s. 3d. abroad.)

VOLUME III.—SPIRIT VARNISHES AND SPIRIT VARNISH MATERIALS. Demy 8vo. Illustrated. 464 pp. Price 12s. 6d. net. (Post free, 13s. home; 13s. 6d. abroad.)

DRYING OILS, BOILED OIL AND SOLID AND LIQUID DRIERS. By L.E. ANDES. Expressly Written for this Series of Special Technical Books, and the Publishers hold the Copyright for English and Foreign Editions. Forty-two Illustrations. 342 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 12s. 6d. net. (Post free, 13s. home; 13s. 3d. abroad.)

(Analysis of Resins, see page 9.)

(Oils, Fats, Waxes, Greases, Petroleum.)

LUBRICATING OILS, PATS AND GREASES: Their Origin, Preparation, Properties, Uses and Analyses. A Handbook for Oil Manufacturers, Refiners and Merchants, and the Oil and Fat Industry in General. By GEORGE H. HURST, F.C.S. Third Revised and Enlarged Edition. Seventy-four Illustrations. 384 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 3d. abroad.)

TECHNOLOGY OF PETROLEUM: Oil Fields of the World—Their History, Geography and Geology—Annual Production and Development—Oil-well Drilling—Transport. By HENRY NEUBERGER and HENRY NOALHAT. Translated from the French by J.G. MCINTOSH. 550 pp. 153 Illustrations. 26 Plates. Super Royal 8vo. Price 21s. net. (Post free, 21s, 9d. home; 23s. 6d. abroad.)

MINERAL WAXES: Their Preparation and Uses. By RUDOLF GREGORIUS. Translated from the German. Crown 8vo. 250 pp. 32 Illustrations. Price 6s. net. (Post free, 6s. 4d. home; 6s. 6d. abroad.)

THE PRACTICAL COMPOUNDING OF OILS, TALLOW AND GREASE FOR LUBRICATION, ETC. By An EXPERT OIL REFINER. Second Edition. 100 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

THE MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICANTS, SHOE POLISHES AND LEATHER DRESSINGS. By RICHARD BRUNNER. Translated from the Sixth German Edition by CHAS. SALTER. 10 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 170 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

THE OIL MERCHANTS' MANUAL AND OIL TRADE READY RECKONER. Compiled by FRANK F. SHERRIFF. Second Edition Revised and Enlarged. Demy 8vo. 214 pp. With Two Sheets of Tables. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. 3d. abroad.)

ANIMAL FATS AND OILS: Their Practical Production, Purification and Uses for a great Variety of Purposes. Their Properties, Falsification and Examination. Translated from the German of LOUIS EDGAR ANDES. Sixty-two Illustrations. 240 pp. Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Demy 8vo., Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 10s. 10d. home; 11s. 3d. abroad.)

For contents of these books, see List I.

VEGETABLE FATS AND OILS: Their Practical Preparation, Purification and Employment for Various Purposes, their Properties, Adulteration and Examination. Translated from the German of Louis EDGAR ANDES. Ninety-four Illustrations. 340 pp. Second Edition. Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 6d. abroad.)

EDIBLE FATS AND OILS: Their Composition, Manufacture and Analysis. By W.H. SIMMONS, B.Sc. (Lond.), and C.A. MITCHELL, B.A. (Oxon.). Demy 8vo. 150 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 9d. home; 8s. abroad.)

(Essential Oils and Perfumes.)

THE CHEMISTRY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND ARTIFICIAL PERFUMES. By ERNEST J. PARRY, B.Sc. (Lond.), F.I.C., F.C.S. Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged. 552 pp. 20 Illustrations. Demy 8vo. Price 12s. 6d. net. (Post free, 13s. home; 13s. 6d. abroad.)

(Soap Manufacture.)

SOAPS. A Practical Manual of the Manufacture of Domestic, Toilet and other Soaps. By GEORGE H. HURST, F.C.S. 2nd edition. 390 pp. 66 Illustrations. Demy 8vo. Price 12s. 6d. net. (Post free, 13s. home; 13s. 6d. abroad.)

TEXTILE SOAPS AND OILS. Handbook on the Preparation, Properties and Analysis of the Soaps and Oils used in Textile Manufacturing, Dyeing and Printing. By GEORGE H. HURST, F.C.S. Crown 8vo. 195 pp. 1904. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

THE HANDBOOK OF SOAP MANUFACTURE. By WM. H. SIMMONS, B.Sc. (Lond.), F.C.S. and H.A. APPLETON. Demy 8vo. 160 pp. 27 Illustrations. Price 8s. 6d. net. (Post free, 8s. 10d. home; 9s. abroad.)

(Cosmetical Preparations.)

COSMETICS: MANUFACTURE, EMPLOYMENT AND TESTING OF ALL COSMETIC MATERIALS AND COSMETIC SPECIALITIES. Translated from the German of Dr. THEODOR KOLLER. Crown 8vo. 262 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

(Glue, Bone Products and Manures.)

GLUE AND GLUE TESTING. By SAMUEL RIDEAL, D.Sc. (Lond.), F.I.C. Fourteen Engravings. 144 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 10s. 10d. home; 11s. abroad)

BONE PRODUCTS AND MANURES: An Account of the most recent Improvements in the Manufacture of Fat, Glue, Animal Charcoal, Size, Gelatine and Manures. By THOMAS LAMBERT, Technical and Consulting Chemist. Illustrated by Twenty-one Plans and Diagrams. 162 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

(See also Chemical Manures, p. 9.)

(Chemicals, Waste Products, etc.)

REISSUE OF CHEMICAL ESSAYS OF C.W. SCHEELE. First Published in English in 1786. Translated from the Academy of Sciences at Stockholm, with Additions. 300 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 6d. home; 5s. 9d. abroad.)

THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUM AND THE SULPHATES AND OTHER SALTS OF ALUMINA AND IRON. Their Uses and Applications as Mordants in Dyeing and Calico Printing, and their other Applications in the Arts Manufactures, Sanitary Engineering, Agriculture and Horticulture. Translated from the French of LUCIEN GESCHWIND. 195 Illustrations. 400 pp. Royal 8vo. Price 12s. 6d. net. (Post free, 13s. home; 13s. 6d. abroad.)

AMMONIA AND ITS COMPOUNDS: Their Manufacture and Uses. By CAMILLE VINCENT, Professor at the Central School of Arts and Manufactures, Paris. Translated from the French by M.J. SALTER. Royal 8vo. 114 pp. Thirty-two Illustrations. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

CHEMICAL WORKS: Their Design, Erection, and Equipment. By S.S. DYSON and S.S. CLARKSON. Royal 8vo. 220 pp. With Plates and Illustrations. Price 21s. net. (Post free, 21s. 6d. home; 22s. abroad.)

SHALE TAR DISTILLATION: The Treatment of Shale and Lignite Products. Translated from the German of W. SCHEITHAUER. [In the Press.

For contents of these books, see List I.

INDUSTRIAL ALCOHOL. A Practical Manual on the Production and Use of Alcohol for Industrial Purposes and for Use as a Heating Agent, as an Illuminant and as a Source of Motive Power. By J.G. MCINTOSH, Lecturer on Manufacture and Applications of Industrial Alcohol at The Polytechnic, Regent Street, London. Demy 8vo. 1907. 250 pp. With 75 Illustrations and 25 Tables. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 9d. home; 8s. abroad.)

THE UTILISATION OF WASTE PRODUCTS. A Treatise on the Rational Utilisation, Recovery and Treatment of Waste Products of all kinds. By Dr. THEODOR KOLLER. Translated from the Second Revised German Edition. Twenty-two Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 280 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. 3d. abroad.)

ANALYSIS OF RESINS AND BALSAMS. Translated from the German of Dr. KARL DIETERICH. Demy 8vo. 340 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. 3d. abroad.)

(Agricultural Chemistry and Manures.)

MANUAL OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY. By HERBERT INGLE, F.I.C., Late Lecturer on Agricultural Chemistry, the Leeds University; Lecturer in the Victoria University. Second Edition, with additional matter relating to Tropical Agriculture, etc. 438 pp. 11 Illustrations. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 8s. home; 8s. 6d. abroad.)

CHEMICAL MANURES. Translated from the French of J. FRITSCH. Demy 8vo. Illustrated. 340 pp. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 6d. abroad.)

(See also Bone Products and Manures, p. 8.)

(Writing Inks and Sealing Waxes.)

INK MANUFACTURE: Including Writing, Copying, Lithographic, Marking, Stamping, and Laundry Inks. By SIGMUND LEHNER. Three Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 162 pp. Translated from the German of the Fifth Edition. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

SEALING-WAXES, WAFERS AND OTHER ADHESIVES FOR THE HOUSEHOLD, OFFICE, WORKSHOP AND FACTORY. By H.C. STANDAGE, Crown 8vo. 96 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 4d. abroad.)

(Lead Ores and Lead Compounds.)

LEAD AND ITS COMPOUNDS. By THOS. LAMBERT, Technical and Consulting Chemist. Demy 8vo. 226 pp. Forty Illustrations. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. 3d. abroad.)

NOTES ON LEAD ORES: Their Distribution and Properties. By JAS. FAIRIE, F.G.S. Crown 8vo. 64 pages. Price 1s. net. (Post free, 1s. 3d. home; 1s. 4d. abroad.)

(White Lead and Zinc White Paints, see p. 5..)

(Industrial Hygiene.)

THE RISKS AND DANGERS TO HEALTH OF VARIOUS OCCUPATIONS AND THEIR PREVENTION. By LEONARD A. PARRY, M.D., B.Sc. (Lond.). 196 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

(Industrial Uses of Air, Steam and Water.)

DRYING BY MEANS OF AIR AND STEAM. Explanations, Formulae, and Tables for Use in Practice. Translated from the German of E. HAUSBRAND. Two folding Diagrams and Thirteen Tables. Crown 8vo. 72 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

(See also "Evaporating, Condensing and Cooling Apparatus," p. 19.)

PURE AIR, OZONE, AND WATER. A Practical Treatise of their Utilisation and Value in Oil, Grease, Soap, Paint, Glue and other Industries. By W.B. COWELL. Twelve Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 85 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

THE INDUSTRIAL USES OF WATER. COMPOSITION—EFFECTS—TROUBLES—REMEDIES—RESIDUARY WATERS—PURIFICATION—ANALYSIS. By H. DE LA COUX. Royal 8vo. Translated from the French and Revised by ARTHUR MORRIS. 364 pp. 135 Illustrations. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 6d. abroad.)

(See Books on Smoke Prevention, Engineering and Metallurgy, p. 19, etc.)

For contents of these books, see List III.

(X Rays.)

PRACTICAL X RAY WORK. By FRANK T. ADDYMAN, B.Sc. (Lond.), F.I.C., Member of the Roentgen Society of London; Radiographer to St. George's Hospital; Demonstrator of Physics and Chemistry, and Teacher of Radiography in St. George's Hospital Medical School. Demy 8vo. Twelve Plates from Photographs of X Ray Work. Fifty-two Illustrations. 200 pp. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 10s. 10d. home; 11s. 3d. abroad.)

(India-Rubber and Gutta Percha.)

INDIA-RUBBER AND GUTTA PERCHA. Second English Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Based on the French work of T. SEELIGMANN, G. LAMY TORRILHON and H. FALCONNET by JOHN GEDDES MCINTOSH. Royal 8vo. 100 Illustrations. 400 pages. Price 12s. 6d. net. (Post free, 13s. home; 13s. 6d. abroad.)

(Leather Trades.)

THE LEATHER WORKER'S MANUAL. Being a Compendium of Practical Recipes and Working Formulae for Curriers, Bootmakers, Leather Dressers, Blacking Manufacturers, Saddlers, Fancy Leather Workers. By H.C. STANDAGE. Demy 8vo. 165 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

(See also Manufacture of Shoe Polishes, Leather Dressings, etc., p. 6.)

(Pottery, Bricks, Tiles, Glass, etc.)

MODERN BRICKMAKING. By ALFRED B. SEARLE, Royal 8vo. 440 pages. 260 Illustrations. Price 12s. 6d. net. (Post free, 13s. home; 13s. 6d. abroad.)

THE MANUAL OF PRACTICAL POTTING. Compiled by Experts, and Edited by CHAS. F. BINNS. Third Edition, Revised and Enlarged. 200 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 17s. 6d. net. (Post free, 17s. 10d. home; 18s. 3d. abroad.)

POTTERY DECORATING. A Description of all the Processes for Decorating Pottery and Porcelain. By R. HAINBACH. Translated from the German. Crown 8vo. 250 pp. Twenty-two Illustrations. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

A TREATISE ON CERAMIC INDUSTRIES. A Complete Manual for Pottery, Tile, and Brick Manufacturers. By EMILE BOURRY. A Revised Translation from the French, with some Critical Notes by ALFRED B. SEARLE. Demy 8vo. 308 Illustrations. 460 pp. Price 12s. 6d. net. (Post free, 13s. home; 13s. 6d. abroad.)

ARCHITECTURAL POTTERY. Bricks, Tiles, Pipes, Enamelled Terra-cottas, Ordinary and Incrusted Quarries, Stoneware Mosaics, Faiences and Architectural Stoneware. By LEON LEFEVRE. Translated from the French by K.H. BIRD, M.A., and W. MOORE BINNS. With Five Plates. 950 Illustrations in the Text, and numerous estimates. 500 pp., royal 8vo. Price 15s. net. (Post free, 15s. 6d. home; 16s. 6d. abroad.)

CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY: Being some Aspects of Technical Science as Applied to Pottery Manufacture. Edited by CHARLES F. BINNS. 100 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 12s. 6d. net. (Post free, 12s. 10d. home; 13s. abroad.)

THE ART OF RIVETING GLASS, CHINA AND EARTHENWARE. By J. HOWARTH. Second Edition. Paper Cover. Price 1s. net. (By post, home or abroad, 1s. 1d.)

NOTES ON POTTERY CLAYS. The Distribution, Properties, Uses and Analyses of Ball Clays, China Clays and China Stone. By JAS. FAIRIE, F.G.S. 132 pp. Crown 8vo. Price 3s. 6d. net. (Post free, 3s. 9d. home; 3s. 10d. abroad.)

HOW TO ANALYSE CLAY. By H.M. ASHBY. Demy 8vo. 72 Pages. 20 Illustrations. Price 3s. 6d. net. (Post free, 3s. 9d. home; 3s. 10d. abroad.)

A Reissue of

THE HISTORY OF THE STAFFORDSHIRE POTTERIES; AND THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF THE MANUFACTURE OF POTTERY AND PORCELAIN. With References to Genuine Specimens, and Notices of Eminent Potters. By SIMEON SHAW. (Originally published in 1829.) 265 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 9d. abroad.)

A Reissue of

THE CHEMISTRY OF THE SEVERAL NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL HETEROGENEOUS COMPOUNDS USED IN MANUFACTURING PORCELAIN, GLASS AND POTTERY. By SIMEON SHAW. (Originally published in 1837.) 750 pp. Royal 8vo. Price 10s. net. (Post free, 10s. 6d. home; 12s. abroad.)

BRITISH POTTERY MARKS. By G. WOOLLISCROFT RHEAD. Demy 8vo. 310 pp. With over Twelve-hundred Illustrations of Marks. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 8s. home; 8s. 3d. abroad.)

For contents of these books, see List III.

(Glassware, Glass Staining and Painting.)

RECIPES FOR FLINT GLASS MAKING. By a British Glass Master and Mixer. Sixty Recipes. Being Leaves from the Mixing Book of several experts in the Flint Glass Trade, containing up-to-date recipes and valuable information as to Crystal, Demi-crystal and Coloured Glass in its many varieties. It contains the recipes for cheap metal suited to pressing, blowing, etc., as well as the most costly crystal and ruby. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 10s. 9d. home; 10s. 10d. abroad.)

A TREATISE ON THE ART OF GLASS PAINTING. Prefaced with a Review of Ancient Glass. By ERNEST R. SUFFLING. With One Coloured Plate and Thirty-seven Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 140 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

(Paper Making, Paper Dyeing, and Testing.)

THE DYEING OF PAPER PULP. A Practical Treatise for the use of Papermakers, Paperstainers, Students and others. By JULIUS ERFURT, Manager of a Paper Mill. Translated into English and Edited with Additions by JULIUS HUeBNER, F.C.S., Lecturer on Papermaking at the Manchester Municipal Technical School. With illustrations and 157 patterns of paper dyed in the pulp. Royal 8vo, 180 pp. Price 15s. net. (Post free, 15s. 6d. home; 16s. 6d. abroad).

THE PAPER MILL CHEMIST. By HENRY P. STEVENS, M.A., Ph.D., F.I.C. Royal 12mo. 60 illustrations. 300 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 9d. home; 7s. 10d. abroad.)

THE TREATMENT OF PAPER FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. By L.E. ANDES. Translated from the German. Crown 8vo. 48 Illustrations. 250 pp. Price 6s. net. (Post free, 6s. 4d. home; 6s. 6d. abroad.)

(Enamelling on Metal.)

ENAMELS AND ENAMELLING. For Enamel Makers, Workers in Gold and Silver, and Manufacturers of Objects of Art. By PAUL RANDAU. Translated from the German. With Sixteen Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 180 pp. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 10s. 10d. home; 11s. abroad.)

THE ART OF ENAMELLING ON METAL. By W. NORMAN BROWN. Twenty-eight Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 60 pp. Price 2s. 6d. net. (Post free, 2s. 9d. home and abroad.)

(Textile and Dyeing Subjects.)

THE FINISHING OF TEXTILE FABRICS (Woollen, Worsted, Union and other Cloths). By ROBERTS BEAUMONT, M.Sc., M.I. Mech.E., Professor of Textile Industries, the University of Leeds; Author of "Colour in Woven Design"; "Woollen and Worsted Cloth Manufacture"; "Woven Fabrics at the World's Fair"; Vice-President of the Jury of Award at the Paris Exhibition, 1900; Inspector of Textile Institutes; Society of Arts Silver Medallist; Honorary Medallist of the City and Guilds of London Institute. With 150 Illustrations of Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics, also Sectional and other Drawings of Finishing Machinery Demy 8vo. 260 pp. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 10s. 10d. home; 11s. 3d. abroad.)

FIBRES USED IN TEXTILE AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES. By C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL, B.A. (Oxon.), F.I.C., and R.M. PRIDEAUX, F.I.C. With 66 Illustrations specially drawn direct from the Fibres. Demy 8vo. 200 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

DRESSINGS AND FINISHINGS FOR TEXTILE FABRICS AND THEIR APPLICATION. Description of all the Materials used in Dressing Textiles: Their Special Properties, the preparation of Dressings and their employment in Finishing Linen, Cotton, Woollen and Silk Fabrics. Fireproof and Waterproof Dressings, together with the principal machinery employed. Translated from the Third German Edition of FRIEDRICH POLLEYN. Demy 8vo. 280 pp. Sixty Illustrations. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

THE CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY OF TEXTILE FIBRES; Their Origin, Structure, Preparation, Washing, Bleaching, Dyeing, Printing and Dressing. By Dr. GEORG VON GEORGIEVICS. Translated from the German by CHARLES SALTER. 320 pp. Forty-seven Illustrations. Royal 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 3d. abroad.)

POWER-LOOM WEAVING AND YARN NUMBERING, According to Various Systems, with Conversion Tables. Translated from the German of ANTHON GRUNER. With Twenty-six Diagrams in Colours. 150 pp. Crown 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 9d. home; 8s. abroad.)

TEXTILE RAW MATERIALS AND THEIR CONVERSION INTO YARNS. (The Study of the Raw Materials and the Technology of the Spinning Process.) By JULIUS ZIPSER. Translated from German by CHARLES SALTER. 302 Illustrations. 500 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 6d. abroad.)

For contents of these books, see List II.

GRAMMAR OF TEXTILE DESIGN. By H. NISBET, Weaving and Designing Master, Bolton Municipal Technical School. Demy 8vo. 280 pp. 490 Illustrations and Diagrams. Price 6s. net. (Post free, 6s. 4d. home; 6s. 6d. abroad.)

ART NEEDLEWORK AND DESIGN. POINT LACE. A Manual of Applied Art for Secondary Schools and Continuation Classes. By M.E. WILKINSON. Oblong quarto. With 22 Plates. Bound in Art Linen. Price 3s. 6d. net. (Post free, 3s. 10d. home; 4s. abroad.)

HOME LACE-MAKING. A Handbook for Teachers and Pupils. By M.E.W. MILROY. Crown 8vo. 64 pp. With 3 Plates and 9 Diagrams. Price 1s. net. (Post free, 1s. 3d. home; 1s. 4d. abroad.)

THE CHEMISTRY OF HAT MANUFACTURING. Lectures delivered before the Hat Manufacturers' Association. By WATSON SMITH, F.C.S., F.I.C. Revised and Edited by ALBERT SHONK. Crown 8vo. 132 pp. 16 Illustrations. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 9d. home; 7s. 10d. abroad.)

THE TECHNICAL TESTING OF YARNS AND TEXTILE FABRICS. With Reference to Official Specifications. Translated from the German of Dr. J. HERZFELD. Second Edition. Sixty-nine Illustrations. 200 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 10s. 10d. home; 11s. abroad.)

DECORATIVE AND FANCY TEXTILE FABRICS. By R.T. LORD. For Manufacturers and Designers of Carpets, Damask, Dress and all Textile Fabrics. 200 pp. Demy 8vo. 132 Designs and Illustrations. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF DAMASK WEAVING. By H. KINZER and K. WALTER. Royal 8vo. Eighteen Folding Plates. Six Illustrations. Translated from the German. 110 pp. Price 8s. 6d. net. (Post free, 9s. home; 9s. 6d. abroad.)

FAULTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOLLEN GOODS AND THEIR PREVENTION. By NICOLAS REISER. Translated from the Second German Edition. Crown 8vo. Sixty-three Illustrations. 170 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

SPINNING AND WEAVING CALCULATIONS, especially relating to Woollens. From the German of N. REISER. Thirty-four Illustrations. Tables. 160 pp. Demy 8vo. 1904. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 10s. 10d. home; 11s. abroad.)

WATERPROOFING OF FABRICS. By Dr. S. MIERZINSKI. Crown 8vo. 104 pp. 29 Illus. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 4d. abroad.)

HOW TO MAKE A WOOLLEN MILL PAY. By JOHN MACKIE. Crown 8vo. 76 pp. Price 3s. 6d. net. (Post free, 3s. 9d. home; 3s. 10d. abroad.)

YARN AND WARP SIZING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. Translated from the German of CARL KRETSCHMAR. Royal 8vo. 123 Illustrations. 150 pp. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 10s. 10d. home; 11s. abroad.)

(For "Textile Soaps and Oils" see p. 7.)

(Dyeing, Colour Printing, Matching and Dye-stuffs.)

THE COLOUR PRINTING OF CARPET YARNS. Manual for Colour Chemists and Textile Printers. By DAVID PATERSON, F.C.S. Seventeen Illustrations. 136 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

THE SCIENCE OF COLOUR MIXING. A Manual intended for the use of Dyers, Calico Printers and Colour Chemists. By DAVID PATERSON, F.C.S. Forty-one Illustrations. Five Coloured Plates, and Four Plates showing Eleven Dyed Specimens Of Fabrics. 132 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

DYERS' MATERIALS: An Introduction to the Examination, Evaluation and Application of the most important Substances used in Dyeing, Printing, Bleaching and Finishing. By PAUL HEERMAN, Ph.D. Translated from the German by A.C. WRIGHT, M.A. (Oxon)., B.Sc. (Lond.). Twenty-four Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 150 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

COLOUR MATCHING ON TEXTILES. A Manual intended for the use of Students of Colour Chemistry, Dyeing and Textile Printing. By DAVID PATERSON, F.C.S. Coloured Frontispiece. Twenty-nine Illustrations and Fourteen Specimens of Dyed Fabrics. Demy 8vo. 132 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

COLOUR: A HANDBOOK OF THE THEORY OF COLOUR. By GEORGE H. HURST, F.C.S. With Ten Coloured Plates and Seventy-two Illustrations. 160 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

For contents of these books, see List II.

Reissue of

THE ART OF DYEING WOOL, SILK AND COTTON. Translated from the French of M. HELLOT, M. MACQUER and M. LE PILEUR D'APLIGNY. First Published in English in 1789. Six Plates. Demy 8vo. 446 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 6d. home; 6s. abroad.)

THE CHEMISTRY OF DYE-STUFFS. By Dr. GEORG VON GEORGIEVICS. Translated from the Second German Edition. 412 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 6d. abroad.)

THE DYEING OF COTTON FABRICS: A Practical Handbook for the Dyer and Student. By FRANKLIN BEECH, Practical Colourist and Chemist. 272 pp. Forty-four Illustrations of Bleaching and Dyeing Machinery. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

THE DYEING OF WOOLLEN FABRICS. By FRANKLIN BEECH, Practical Colourist and Chemist. Thirty-three Illustrations. Demy 8vo. 228 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

(Silk Manufacture.)

SILK THROWING AND WASTE SILK SPINNING. By HOLLINS RAYNER. Demy 8vo. 170 pp. 117 Illus. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

(Bleaching and Bleaching Agents.)

A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE BLEACHING OF LINEN AND COTTON YARN AND FABRICS. By L. TAILFER, Chemical and Mechanical Engineer. Translated from the French by JOHN GEDDES MCINTOSH. Demy 8vo. 303 pp. Twenty Illus. Price 12s. 6d. net. (Post free, 13s. home; 13s. 6d. abroad.)

MODERN BLEACHING AGENTS AND DETERGENTS. By Professor MAX BOTTLER. Translated from the German. Crown 8vo. 16 Illustrations. 160 pages. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

(Cotton Spinning and Combing.)

COTTON SPINNING (First Year). By THOMAS THORNLEY, Spinning Master, Bolton Technical School. 160 pp. Eighty-four Illustrations. Crown 8vo. Second Impression. Price 3s. net. (Post free, 3s. 4d. home; 3s. 6d. abroad.)

COTTON SPINNING (Intermediate, or Second Year). By THOMAS THORNLEY. Second Impression. 180 pp. Seventy Illustrations. Crown 8vo. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home: 5s. 6d. abroad.)

COTTON SPINNING (Honours, or Third Year). By THOMAS THORNLEY. 216 pp Seventy-four Illustrations. Crown 8vo. Second Edition. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

COTTON COMBING MACHINES. By THOS. THORNLEY, Spinning Master, Technical School, Bolton. Demy 8vo. 117 Illustrations. 300 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 8s. home; 8s. 6d. abroad.)

COTTON WASTE: Its Production, Characteristics, Regulation, Opening, Carding, Spinning and Weaving. By THOMAS THORNLEY. Demy 8vo. About 300 pages. [In the press.

THE RING SPINNING FRAME: GUIDE FOR OVERLOOKERS AND STUDENTS. By N. BOOTH. Crown 8vo. 76 pages. Price 3s. net. (Post free, 3s. 3d. home; 3s. 6d. abroad.) [Just published.

(Flax, Hemp and Jute Spinning.)

MODERN FLAX, HEMP AND JUTE SPINNING AND TWISTING. A Practical Handbook for the use of Flax, Hemp and Jute Spinners, Thread, Twine and Rope Makers. By HERBERT R. CARTER, Mill Manager, Textile Expert and Engineer, Examiner in Flax Spinning to the City and Guilds of London Institute. Demy 8vo. 1907. With 92 Illustrations. 200 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 9d. home; 8s abroad.)

(Collieries and Mines.)

RECOVERY WORK AFTER PIT FIRES. By ROBERT LAMPRECHT, Mining Engineer and Manager. Translated from the German. Illustrated by Six large Plates, containing Seventy-six Illustrations. 175 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 10s. 10d. home; 11s. abroad.)

VENTILATION IN MINES. By ROBERT WABNER, Mining Engineer. Translated from the German. Royal 8vo. Thirty Plates and Twenty-two Illustrations. 240 pp. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 3d. abroad.)

HAULAGE AND WINDING APPLIANCES USED IN MINES. By CARL VOLK. Translated from the German. Royal 8vo. With Six Plates and 148 Illustrations. 150 pp. Price 8s. 6d. net. (Post free, 9s. home; 9s. 3d. abroad.)

For contents of these books, see List III.

THE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT OF COLLIERIES. By W. GALLOWAY DUNCAN, Electrical and Mechanical Engineer, Member of the Institution of Mining Engineers, Head of the Government School of Engineering, Dacca, India; and DAVID PENMAN, Certificated Colliery Manager, Lecturer in Mining to Fife County Committee. Demy 8vo. 310 pp. 155 Illustrations and Diagrams. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 3d. abroad.)

(Dental Metallurgy.)

DENTAL METALLURGY: MANUAL FOR STUDENTS AND DENTISTS. By A.B. GRIFFITHS, Ph.D. Demy 8vo. Thirty-six Illustrations. 200 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

(Engineering, Smoke Prevention and Metallurgy.)

THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE. Combined with the Economical Combustion of Fuel. By W.C. POPPLEWELL, M.Sc., A.M. Inst., C.E., Consulting Engineer. Forty-six Illustrations. 190 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. 3d. abroad.)

GAS AND COAL DUST FIRING. A Critical Review of the Various Appliances Patented in Germany for this purpose since 1885. By ALBERT PUeTSCH. 130 pp. Demy 8vo. Translated from the German. With 103 Illustrations. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

THE HARDENING AND TEMPERING OF STEEL IN THEORY AND PRACTICE. By FRIDOLIN REISER. Translated from the German of the Third Edition. Crown 8vo. 120 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 4d. abroad.)

SIDEROLOGY: THE SCIENCE OF IRON (The Constitution of Iron Alloys and Slags). Translated from German of HANNS FREIHERR V. JUePTNER. 350 pp. Demy 8vo. Eleven Plates and Ten Illustrations. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 6d. abroad.)

EVAPORATING, CONDENSING AND COOLING APPARATUS. Explanations, Formulae and Tables for Use in Practice. By E. HAUSBRAND, Engineer. Translated by A.C. WRIGHT, M.A. (Oxon.), B.Sc., (Lond.). With Twenty-one Illustrations and Seventy-six Tables. 400 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 6d. abroad.)

(The "Broadway" Series of Engineering Handbooks.)

VOLUME I.—REINFORCED CONCRETE. By EWART S. ANDREWS, B.Sc. Eng. (Lond.). [In the press.

VOLUME II.—GAS AND OIL ENGINES. [In the press.

VOLUME III.—STRUCTURAL STEEL AND IRON WORK. [In the press.

VOLUME IV.—TOOTHED GEARING. By G.T. WHITE, B.Sc. (Lond.). [In the press.

VOLUME V.—STEAM TURBINES: Their Theory and Construction. [In the press.

(Sanitary Plumbing, Electric Wiring, Metal Work, etc.)

EXTERNAL PLUMBING WORK. A Treatise on Lead Work for Roofs. By JOHN W. HART, R.P.C. 180 Illustrations. 272 pp. Demy 8vo. Second Edition Revised. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free. 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

HINTS TO PLUMBERS ON JOINT WIPING, PIPE BENDING AND LEAD BURNING. Third Edition, Revised and Corrected, By JOHN W. HART, R.P.C. 184 Illustrations. 313 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 8s. home; 8s. 6d. abroad.)

SANITARY PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE. By JOHN W. HART. Demy 8vo. With 208 Illustrations. 250 pp. 1904. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

ELECTRIC WIRING AND FITTING. By SYDNEY F. WALKER, R.N., M.I.E.E., M.I.Min.E., A.M.Inst.C.E., etc., etc. Crown 8vo. 150 pp. With Illustrations and Tables. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF DIPPING, BURNISHING, LACQUERING AND BRONZING BRASS WARE. By W. NORMAN BROWN. 48 pp. Crown 8vo. Price 3s. net. (Post free, 3s. 3d. home and abroad.) [Just published.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS. By G. BASIL BARHAM, A.M.I.E.E. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. 196 pp. [In the press.

For contents of these books, see List I.

WIRING CALCULATIONS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT AND POWER INSTALLATIONS. A Practical Handbook containing Wiring Tables, Rules, and Formulae for the Use of Architects, Engineers, Mining Engineers, and Electricians, Wiring Contractors and Wiremen, etc. By G. LUMMIS PATERSON. Crown 8vo. Twenty-two Illustrations. 100 pp. [In the press.

A HANDBOOK ON JAPANNING AND ENAMELLING FOR CYCLES, BEDSTEADS, TINWARE, ETC. By WILLIAM NORMAN BROWN. 52 pp. and Illustrations. Crown 8vo. Price 2s. net. (Post free, 2s. 3d. home and abroad.)

THE PRINCIPLES OF HOT WATER SUPPLY. By JOHN W. HART, R.P.C. With 129 Illustrations. 177 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.)

(Brewing and Botanical.)

HOPS IN THEIR BOTANICAL, AGRICULTURAL AND TECHNICAL ASPECT, AND AS AN ARTICLE OF COMMERCE. By EMMANUEL GROSS, Professor at the Higher Agricultural College, Tetschen-Liebwerd. Translated from the German. Seventy-eight Illustrations. 340 pp. Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s 6d. abroad.)

A BOOK ON THE DISEASES OF PLANTS, FUNGICIDES AND INSECTICIDES, ETC. Demy 8vo. About 500 pp. [In the press.

(Wood Products, Timber and Wood Waste.)

WOOD PRODUCTS: DISTILLATES AND EXTRACTS. By P. DUMESNY, Chemical Engineer, Expert before the Lyons Commercial Tribunal, Member of the International Association of Leather Chemists; and J. NOYER. Translated from the French by DONALD GRANT. Royal 8vo. 320 pp. 103 Illustrations and Numerous Tables. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 6d. abroad.)

TIMBER: A Comprehensive Study of Wood in all its Aspects (Commercial and Botanical), showing the different Applications and Uses of Timber in Various Trades, etc. Translated from the French of PAUL CHARPENTIER. Royal 8vo. 437 pp. 178 Illustrations. Price 12s. 6d. net. (Post free, 13s. home; 14s. abroad.)

THE UTILISATION OF WOOD WASTE. Translated from the German of ERNST HUBBARD. Crown 8vo. 192 pp. Fifty Illustrations. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

(See also Utilisation of Waste Products, p. 9.)

(Building and Architecture.)

ORNAMENTAL CEMENT WORK. By OLIVER WHEATLEY. Demy 8vo. 83 Illustrations. 128 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.) [Just published.

THE PREVENTION OF DAMPNESS IN BUILDINGS; with Remarks on the Causes, Nature and Effects of Saline, Efflorescences and Dry-rot, for Architects, Builders, Overseers, Plasterers, Painters and House Owners. By ADOLF WILHELM KEIM. Translated from the German of the second revised Edition by M.J. SALTER, F.I.C., F.C.S. Eight Coloured Plates and Thirteen Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 115 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 4d. abroad.)

HANDBOOK OF TECHNICAL TERMS USED IN ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING, AND THEIR ALLIED TRADES AND SUBJECTS. By AUGUSTINE C. PASSMORE. Demy 8vo. 380 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 8s. home; 8s. 6d. abroad.)

(Foods, Drugs and Sweetmeats.)

FOOD AND DRUGS. By E.J. PARRY, B.Sc., F.I.C., F.C.S. Volume I. The Analysis of Food and Drugs (Chemical and Microscopical). Royal 8vo. 724 pp. Price 21s. net. (Post free, 21s. 8d. home; 22s. abroad.) Volume II. The Sale of Food and Drugs Acts, 1875-1907. Royal 8vo. 184 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 10d. home; 8s. abroad.) [Just published.

THE MANUFACTURE OF PRESERVED FOODS AND SWEETMEATS. By A. HAUSNER. With Twenty-eight Illustrations. Translated from the German of the third enlarged Edition. Crown 8vo. 225 pp. Price 7s. 6d. net. (Post free, 7s. 9d. home; 7s. 10d. abroad.)

RECIPES FOR THE PRESERVING OF FRUIT, VEGETABLES AND MEAT. By E. WAGNER. Translated from the German. Crown 8vo. 125 pp. With 14 Illustrations. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 4d. abroad.)

For contents of these books, see List III.

(Dyeing Fancy Goods.)

THE ART OF DYEING AND STAINING MARBLE, ARTIFICIAL STONE, BONE, HORN, IVORY AND WOOD, AND OF IMITATING ALL SORTS OF WOOD. A Practical Handbook for the Use of Joiners, Turners, Manufacturers of Fancy Goods, Stick and Umbrella Makers, Comb Makers, etc. Translated from the German of D.H. SOXHLET, Technical Chemist. Crown 8vo. 168 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 4d. abroad.)

(Celluloid.)

CELLULOID: Its Raw Material, Manufacture, Properties and Uses. A Handbook for Manufacturers of Celluloid and Celluloid Articles, and all Industries using Celluloid; also for Dentists and Teeth Specialists. By Dr. Fr. BOeCKMANN, Technical Chemist. Translated from the Third Revised German Edition. Crown 8vo. 120 pp. With 49 Illustrations. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 4d. abroad.)

(Lithography, Printing and Engraving.)

PRACTICAL LITHOGRAPHY. By ALFRED SEYMOUR. Demy 8vo. With Frontispiece and 33 Illus. 120 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

PRINTERS' AND STATIONERS' READY RECKONER AND COMPENDIUM. Compiled by VICTOR GRAHAM. Crown 8vo. 112 pp. 1904. Price 3s. 6d. net. (Post free, 3s. 9d. home; 3s. 10d. abroad.)

ENGRAVING FOR ILLUSTRATION. HISTORICAL AND PRACTICAL NOTES. By J. KIRKBRIDE. 72 pp. Two Plates and 6 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. Price 2s. 6d. net. (Post free, 2s. 9d. home; 2s. 10d. abroad.)

(For Printing Inks, see p. 4.)

(Bookbinding.)

PRACTICAL BOOKBINDING. By PAUL ADAM. Translated from the German. Crown 8vo. 180 pp. 127 Illustrations. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

(Sugar Refining.)

THE TECHNOLOGY OF SUGAR: Practical Treatise on the Modern Methods of Manufacture of Sugar from the Sugar Cane and Sugar Beet. By JOHN GEDDES MCINTOSH. Second Revised and Enlarged Edition. Demy 8vo. Fully Illustrated. 436 pp. Seventy-six Tables. 1906. Price 10s. 6d. net. (Post free, 11s. home; 11s. 6d. abroad.)

(See "Evaporating, Condensing, etc., Apparatus," p. 9.)

(Emery.)

EMERY AND THE EMERY INDUSTRY. Translated from the German of A. HAENIG. Crown 8vo. 45 Illustrations. 110 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 3d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.) [Just published.

(Libraries and Bibliography.)

CLASSIFIED GUIDE TO TECHNICAL AND COMMERCIAL BOOKS. Compiled by EDGAR GREENWOOD. Demy 8vo. 224 pp. 1904. Being a Subject-list of the Principal British and American Books in Print; giving Title, Author, Size, Date, Publisher and Price. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

HANDBOOK TO THE TECHNICAL AND ART SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. Containing particulars of nearly 1,000 Technical, Commercial and Art Schools throughout the United Kingdom. With full particulars of the courses of instruction, names of principals, secretaries, etc. Demy 8vo. 150 pp. Price 3s. 6d. net. (Post free, 3s. 10d. home; 4s. abroad.)

THE LIBRARIES, MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES YEAR BOOK, 1910-11. Being the Third Edition of Greenwood's "British Library Year Book". Edited by ALEX. J. PHILIP. Demy 8vo. 286 pp. Price 5s. net. (Post free, 5s. 4d. home; 5s. 6d. abroad.)

THE PLUMBING, HEATING AND LIGHTING ANNUAL FOR 1911. The Trade Reference Book for Plumbers, Sanitary, Heating and Lighting Engineers, Builders' Merchants, Contractors and Architects. Quarto. Bound in cloth and gilt lettered. Price 3s. net. (Post free, 3s. 4d. home; 3s. 8d. abroad.)

Including the translation of Hermann Kechnagel's "Kalender fur Gesundheits-Techniker," Handbook for Heating, Ventilating, and Domestic Engineers, of which Scott, Greenwood & Son have purchased the sole right for the English Language.

SCOTT, GREENWOOD & SON, Technical Book and Trade Journal Publishers, 8 BROADWAY, LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C.

Telegraphic Address, "Printeries, London". Tel. No.: Bank 5403. January, 1912.

THE END