* * * * *



SECTION XV.—PLANTS NOXIOUS IN AGRICULTURE.



Annual Weeds, or such as grow wild in Fields, and that do not produce any Food for Cattle.

Many weeds are troublesome to the farmer amongst his crops; but which, by affording a little fodder at some season or other, in some degree compensate for their intrusion. But as the following are not of this description, they ought at all times to be extirpated: for it should be recollected, that the space occupied by such a plant would, in many instances, afford room for many ears of wheat, &c.

The following are annuals, and chiefly grow among arable crops, as corn, &c. As these every year spring up from seeds, it is a very difficult matter for the farmer to prevent their increase, especially since the practice of fallowing land has become almost obsolete. It is a fact worthy notice, that the seeds of most of the annual weeds will lie in the ground for many years, if they happen to be place deep: so that all land is more or less impregnated with them, and a fresh supply is produced every time the land is ploughed. It is therefore proper that annual weeds of every description should be prevented as much as possible can be from going to seed, for one year's crop will take several seasons to eradicate. The only effectual mode we are acquainted with of getting rid of annual weeds is, either by hoeing them up when young, or by cutting the plants over with any instrument whilst in bloom; for it should be observed, that those never spring from the roots if cut over at that period of their growth, which oftentimes may be easily accomplished.

I once observed a crop of burnet, in which Bromus secalius (Lob Grass) was growing, whose spike stood a considerable height above the crop, and several acres of which a boy or woman might have cut over in a short space of time: but it was not so: the grass seeds and burnet were suffered to ripen together, and no means could be devised to separate the two when threshed. For this reason the burnet seeds never could find a market, and consequently the trouble of saving it, as well as the crop, was lost to the grower. I mention this as an instance of many that frequently occur. How many times do we see with crops of winter tares wild oats seeding in them? or Carduus mutans standing so high above those crops that they might be thus extirpated with great ease?

It may be observed, that it is in culture of this nature where annual seeds multiply. A regular crop of wheat will, by its thickness on the ground, retard their growth by smothering them; but the other gives them every facility, and particularly autumnal-sown crops.



664. Blue-bottle - - - Centaurea Cyanus. 665. White-blite - - - Chenopodium album. 666. Charlock - - - Sinapis arvensis. 667. Chickweed - - - Alsine media. 668. Cockle - - - Agrostemma Githago. 669. Cleavers - - - Galium Aparine. 670. Corn Marigold - - - Chrysanthemum segetum. 671. Corn Crowfoot - - - Ranunculus arvensis. 672. Corn Chamomile - - - Matricaria Chamomilla. 673. Weak-scented do - - ————— inodora. 674. Grass, Lob - - - Bromus secalinus. 675. ——- Bearded Oat - - Acena fatua. 676. ——- Field Foxtail - Alopecurus agrestis. 677. ——- Darnel - - - Lolium temulentum. 678. Groundsel, common - - Senecio vulgaris. 679. Wall Barley - - - Hordeum murinum. 680. Mallow, common - - - Malva sylvestris. 681. Mayweed, stinking - - Anthemis Cotula. 682. Melilot - - - Trifolium officinale. 683. Mustard, white - - - Sinapis alba. 684. ———-, hedge - - - Erysimum Barbarea. 685. Nettle, Stinging, small - Urtica urens. 686. ———, Dead - - - Lamium albium. 687. Nipplewort - - - Lapsana communis. 688. Orach, wild - - - Atriplex hastata. 689. ——-, spreading - - ———— patulata. 690. Pilewort - - - Ranunculus ficaria. 691. Persicaria, spotted-leaved Polygonum Ficaria. 692. —————, pale-flowered ————- pensylvanicum. 693. —————, climbing - ————- Convolvulus. 694. Pheasant-eye - - - Adonis autumnalis. 695. Poppy, common red - - Papaver Rhoeas. 696. Poppy, long rough-headed - Papaver Argemone. 697. Radish, wild - - - Raphanus Raphanistrum. 698. Shepherd's Needle - - Scandix Pecten Veneris. 699. Spearwort - - - Ranunculus Flammula. 700. Spurry, Corn - - - Spergula arvensis. 701. Thistle, Spear - - - Carduus lanceolatus. 702. ———- Star - - - Centaurea Calcitrapa. 703. ———- Marsh - - - Carduus palustris. 704. ———- Dwarf - - - ———- acaulis. 705. Tine Tare, smooth-podded - Ervum tetraspermum.

* * * * *

Creeping-rooted Weeds.



The following are such as are perennial, and are of the most troublesome nature, being xtremely difficult to get rid of in consequence of their creeping roots. It unfortunately appens that, where the land is the most worked, and the roots the more broken thereby, the more the crop of weeds increases on the land. Therefore, the only effectual mode of extirpating plants of this nature, is by picking out the roots after the plough, or by digging them up at every opportunity by some proper instrument.

Where weeds of this nature occur, there is too often thought to be more labour than profit in their extirpation. And although this is an argument of some propriety, where a farmer is tenant at will, or where his strength is not proportionate to the land: yet if land is worth any thing at all, that, whatever it may be, is lost, if it is suffered thus to become barren. And as prevention is in most cases considered preferable to cure, more care ought to be taken than generally is, of all our hedges and waste pieces of land by road sides, &c. Many of these plants are found growing in such places, and their seeds are of that nature that they are calculated to fly to considerable distances,—a contrivance in nature to fertilize the ground in her own way; but which, as agriculturists, it is the business of men to check.



706. Bindweed, small - - Convolvulus arvensis. 707. Bindweed, large - - —————- sepium. 708. Bistort - - - Polygonum bistorta. 709. Brakes - - - Pteris aquilina. 710. Clown's Woundwort - - Stachys palustris. 711. Cammock - - - Ononis arvensis. 712. Coltsfoot - - - Tussilago Farfara. 713. Crowfoot, creeping - - Ranunculus repens. 714. Goutweed - - - Aegopodium Podagraria. 715. Grass, Garden Couch - Triticum repens. 716. ——-, Couchy-bent - Agrostis stolonifera. 717. ——-, Couch Oat, or Knot Avena elatior. 718. ——-, Creeping-soft - Holcus mollis. 719. Horsetail, Corn - - Equisetum arvense. 720. Persicaria, willow-leaved Polygonum amphibium. 721. Rest Harrow - - - Ononis spinosa. 722. Sow-Thistle, Corn - - Sonchus arvensis. 723. Spatling Poppy - - Cucubalus Behen. 724. Stinging-Nettle, large - Urtica dioica. 725. Silverweed - - - Potentilla anserina. 726. Sneezewort - - - Achillea Ptarmica. 727. Thistle, melancholy - Carduus heterophyllus. 728. ———-, cursed - - ———- arvensis. 729. Water Horehound - - Lycopus europaeus.



* * * * *



Perennial Weeds.



This enumeration of noxious plants contains principally those which, although they are very troublesome, are more easy of extirpation than the last: for although the most of them are perennial, yet, as their roots do not spread as those of the above list do, they are to be effectually removed by taking up the plants by their roots. It should, however, be always noticed, that it is to little account to endeavour to clear any land of such incumbrances, if any waste places which are separated only by a hedge are allowed to grow these things with impunity; for the seeds will invariably find their way. The contrivance of nature in their formation is a curious and pleasant subject for the philosophical botanist; at the same time it is one of those curses which was impelled on human labour.



730. Butter-bur - - - Tussilago Petasites. 731. Burdock - - - Arctium Lappa. 732. Bugloss, small - - Lycopis arvensis. 733. Crowfoot, round-rooted - Ranunculus bulbosus. 734. ————, tall - - Ranunculus acris. 735. Dock, curdled - - - Rumex crispus. 736. ——, broad-leaved - - ——- obtusifolius. 737. ——, sharp-pointed - ——- acutus. 738. Fleabane, common - - Inula dysenteria. 739. Garlick, crow - - - Allium vineale. 740. ———-, bear - - - ——— ursinum. 741. Grass, turfy hair - - Aira caespitosa. 742. ——-, meadow soft - - Holcus lanatus. 743. ——-, carnation - - Carex caespitosa. 744. Knapweed, common - - Centaurea nigra. 745. ————, great - - ————- Scabiosa. 746. Mugwort - - - Artemisa vulgaris. 747. Meadow-sweet - - - Spiraea ulmaria. 748 Ox-eye Daisy Chrysanthemum Leucanthe-mum 749. Plantain, great - - Plantago major. 750. Ragwort, common - - Senecio Jacobaea. 751. ———-, marsh - - ———- aquaticus. 752. Rush, common - - - Juncus conglomeratus. 753. ——, blueish - - - ——— glaucus. 754. ——, flat-jointed - - ——— squarrosus. 755. ——, round-jointed - ——— articulatus. 756. ——, bulbous - - - ——— bulbosus. 757. Scabious, common - - Scabiosa avensis. 758. Thistle, milk - - - Carduus marianus. 759. ———-, meadow - - ———- pratensis.



* * * * *



SECTION XVI.-EXOTIC TREES AND SHRUBS.



The fashionable rage for planting ornamental trees and shrubs having so much prevailed of late years, that we meet with them by the road sides, &c. almost as common as we do those of our native soil, I have therefore enumerated them in this section.

Our limits will not admit of giving any particular descriptions of each; but as persons are often at a loss to know what soil each tree is known to thrive in best, we have endeavoured to supply that information; which will be understood by applying to the following



ABBREVIATED CHARACTERS.

c.m. read common garden mould. b.m. - bog mould. l. - loam. b.l. - bog and loam, the greater part bog. l.b. - loam and bog, the greater part loam. s. - sheltered situation. a. - annual. bi. - biennial. p. - perennial. shr. - tree or shrub. c. - creeper. w. - adapted to covering walls.

As the soils recommended may not be generally understood; a little attention to the following rules will enable persons to discover what is fit for their purposes.

Loam—the kind best adapted to the purpose of growing plants, is of a moderately close texture, between clay and sand, differing from the former in want of tenacity when wet; and not becoming hard when dry; nor is it loose and dusty like the latter; but in both states possesses somewhat of a saponaceous quality. It varies in colour from yellow to brown, and is commonly found in old pastures: it may also be remarked, that where any perennial species of Clover (Trifolium) are found wild, it is almost a certain indication of a fertile loam, and such as contains the proper food of plants in abundance.

Bog-mould—is frequently found on waste lands, where Heaths (Ericae) are produced: it is composed of decayed vegetable matter and white sand. The best sort is light when dry, of a black colour, and easily reduced to powder. Care should be taken to distinguish it from Peat, which is hard when dry, destitute in a great measure of the sand, and mostly of a red colour. This contains in great quantities sulphureous particles and mineral oil, which are known to be highly destructive to vegetation.

The mould formed from rotten leaves is a good substitute for bog-mould if mixed with sand, and is often made use of for the same purposes. These earths should be dug from the surface to the depth of a few inches and laid in heaps, that the roots, &c. contained therein may be decomposed: and before they are used should be passed through a coarse screen, particularly if intended for plants in pots.

As loam has been found to contain the greatest portion of the real pabulum of plants, it has long been used for such as are planted in pots; and the component parts of bog-earth being of a light nature, a mixture of the two in proper proportions will form a compost in which most kinds of plants will succeed. Attention should be paid to the consistence of the loam; as the more stiff it is, the greater portion of the other is necessary.



DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

1 JASMINUM officinale. w. Common white Jasmine c.m. 2 ———— v. argen. variegat. w. Silver-striped ditto c.m. 3 ———— v. aureo variegat. w. Gold-striped ditto c.m. 4 ———— fruticans, w. Yellow ditto c.m. 5 ———— humile, w. Dwarf yellow ditto b.l. 6 Phillyrea media, w. Privet-leaved Phillyrea c.m. 7 ————- v. virgata Twiggy ditto c.m. 8 ————- v. pendula Pendulous ditto c.m. 9 ————- oleaefolia Olive-leaved ditto c.m. 10 ———— buxifolia Box-leaved ditto c.m. 10 ———— angustifolia Narrow-leaved ditto c.m. 12 ———— v. rosmarinifolia Rosemary-leaved ditto c.m. 13 ———— brachiata Dwarf ditto c.m. 14 ———— v. latifolia Broad-leaved ditto c.m. 15 ———— v. laevis Smooth broad-leaved ditto c.m. 16 ———— v. spinosa Prickly broad-leaved ditto c.m. 17 ———— v. obliqua Hex-leaved ditto c.m. 18 Chionanthus virginicus Fringe Tree b.m. 19 Syringa vulgaris Blue lilac c.m. 20 ———- v. alba White ditto c.m. 21 ———— persica Persian ditto c.m. 22 ———— v. lacinita Cut-leaved ditto c.m. 23 ———— latifolia Broad-leaved ditto c.m.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

24 Cephalanthus occidentalis Button-wood b.l. 25 Houstonia coccinea Scarlet Houstonia b.l.s. 26 Buddlea globosa Globe-flowered Buddlea b.l.s. 27 Cornus florida Great-flowering Dog-wood c.m. 28 ——— mascula Cornelian Cherry c.m. 29 ——— sericea Blue-berried ditto c.m. 30 ——— alba White-berried ditto c.m. 31 ——— stricta Upright ditto c.m. 32 ——— sibirica Siberian ditto c.m. 33 ——— paniculata Panicled ditto c.m. 34 ——— alternifolia Alternate-leaved ditto c.m. 35 ——— v. virescens Green-twigged ditto c.m. 36 Ptelea trifoliata Shrubby Bean-trefoil c.m. 37 Elaeagnus angustifolia Narrow-leaved Oleaster c.m. 38 ———— v. latifolia Broad-leaved ditto c.m.

TETRANDRIA DIGYNIA.

39 Hamamelis virginica Witch Hazel c.m.

TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.

40 Ilex opaca Carolina Holly b.l. 41 —— v. angustifolia Narrow-leaved ditto b.l. 42 —— primoides Deciduous ditto b.l. 43 —— Cassine Dahoon ditto l. 44 —— vomitoria South Sea Tea Tree l.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

45 Azalea pontica Yellow Azalea b.s. 46 ——— nudiflora Red ditto b.s. 47 ——— v. coccinea Scarlet ditto b.s. 48 ——— v. carnea Flesh-coloured ditto b.s. 49 ——— v. alba Early white ditto b.s. 50 ——— v. bicolor Red and white ditto b.s. 51 ——— v. papilionacea Variegated ditto b.s. 52 ——— v. partita Downy ditto b.s. 53 ——— v. aurantia Orange ditto b.s. 54 ——— v. viscosa Late white ditto b.s. 55 ——— v. vittata White striped ditto b.s. 56 ——— v. fissa Narrow petalled ditto b.s. 57 ——— v. floribunda Cluster-flowered ditto b.s. 58 ——— v. glauca Glaucus-leaved ditto b.s. 59 ——— v. scabra Rough-leaved ditto b.s. 60 Lonicera dioica. c. Glaucous Honeysuckle c.m. 61 ———— sempervirens. c. Trumpet ditto l. 62 ———— grata. c. Evergeen Honeysuckle c.m. 63 ———— implexa. c. Minorca ditto l. 64 ———— nigra Black-berried ditto c.m. 65 ———— tatarica Tartarian ditto c.m. 66 ———— pyrenaica Pyrenean ditto c.m. 67 ———— Alpigena Red-berried ditto c.m. 68 Lonicera caerulea Blue-berried ditto c.m. 69 ———— Symphoricarpos St. Peter's Wort c.m. 70 ———— Diervilla Yellow-flowered Honeysuckle c.m. 71 ———— Caprifolium c. Italian white ditto c.m. 72 ———— v. rubra c. Italian early red ditto c.m. 73 ———— Periclym. v. serotina c. Late red ditto c.m. 74 ———— v. quercifolia Oak-leaved ditto c.m. 75 ———— v. belgica Dutch ditto c.m. 76 Lycium barbarum. w. Willow-leaved Boxthorn c.m. 77 ——— europaeum. w. European ditto c.m. 78 Sideroxylon lycoides Willow-leaved Iron-wood b.l. 79 Rhamnus latifolius Broad-leaved ditto c.m. 80 ———- alpinus Alpine ditto b.m. 81 ———- theezans Tea ditto c.m. 82 ———- alnifolius Alder-leaved ditto c.m. 83 ———- Paliurus Christ's Thorn c.m. 84 ———- volubilis. c. Supple-jack Tree c.m. 85 ———- Ziziphus Shining-leaved ditto c.m. 86 ———- Alaternus Common Alaternus c.m. 87 ———- fol. argen. var. Silver-striped ditto c.m.s. 88 ———- fol. aureo var. Gold-striped ditto c.m.s. 89 ———- v. angustifolius Jagged-leaved ditto c.m. 90 Celastrus scandeus Climbing Staff-Tree c.m. 90 Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea Tree c.m. 92 Euonymus latifolius Broad-leaved Spindle-Tree c.m. 93 ———— verrucosus Warted ditto c.m. 94 ———— atro-purpureus Purple-flowered ditto c.m. 95 ———— americanus Evergreen ditto c.m. 96 Itea virginica Virginian Itea b.l. 97 —— buxifolia Box-leaved ditto b.l. 98 Ribes glandulosum Glandulous Currant c.m. 99 ——- petraeum Rock ditto c.m. 100 —— floridum Large-flowered ditto c.m. 101 —— diacanthum Two-spined Gooseberry c.m. 102 —— oxyacanthoides Hawthorn-leaved ditto c.m. 103 —— canadense Canadian ditto c.m. 104 —— Cynosbatea Prickly-fruited Currant c.m. 105 —— prostratum Procumbent ditto c.m. 106 —— alpinum Alpine ditto c.m. 107 Hedera quinquefolia. w. Virginian Creeper c.m. 108 ——- Helix v. latifolia Broad-leaved Ivy. c. c.m. 109 Vitis vitifera. c. Common Grape c.m. 110 ——- Labrusca. c. Downy-leaved ditto c.m. 111 ——- vulpina. c. Fox Grape c.m. 112 ——- laciniata. c. Parsley-leaved Vine c.m. 113 ——- arborea. c. Pepper Vine c.m.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

114 Periploca graeca. c. Virginian Silk-Tree c.m. 115 Salsola prostrata Trailing Saltwort c.m. 116 Ulmus americana American Elm c.m. 117 ——- v. alba White American ditto c.m. 118 ——- v. pendula Drooping ditto c.m. 119 ——- nemoralis Twiggy ditto c.m. 120 ——- pumila Dwarf ditto c.m. 121 ——- crispa Curled-leaved ditto c.m. 122 Bupleurum fruticosum Shrubby Hare's-ear c.m.

PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

123 Rhus Typhinum Virginian Sumach c.m. 124 —— glabrum Smooth ditto c.m. 125 —— Vernix Varnish Tree c.m. 126 —— copallinum Lentiscus-leaved Sumach c.m. 127 —— radicans. c. Upright Poison Ash c.m. 128 —— Toxicodendron. c. Trailing or officinal ditto c.m. 129 —— Cotinus Venus's Sumach c.m. 130 —— Coriaria Elm-leaved ditto c.m. 131 Viburnum Tinus Laurustinus c.m. 132 ———— fol. variegat. Striped-leaved ditto c.m. 133 ———— lucidum Shining-leaved ditto c.m. 134 ———— strictum Upright ditto c.m. 135 ———— nudum Oval-leaved Viburnum c.m. 136 ———— cassinoides Thick-leaved ditto l.s. 137 ———— nitidum Shining-leaved ditto b.l. 138 ———— laevigatum Cassioberry Bush b.l. 139 ———— prunifolium Thick-leaved Viburnum c.m. 140 ———— Lentago Pear-leaved ditto c.m. 141 ———— dentatum Tooth-leaved ditto c.m. 142 ———— v. pubescens Downy-leaved ditto c.m. 143 ———- -acerifolium Maple-leaved ditto c.m. 144 ———— Opulus v. americana American Gelder Rose c.m. 145 ———— v. rosea Snow-ball ditto c.m. 146 ———— alnifolium Alder-leaved ditto c.m. 147 Sambucus canadensis Canadian Elder c.m. 148 ———— nigra v. laciniata Cut-leaved ditto c.m. 149 ———— racemosa Clustered-flowered ditto c.m. 150 Staphylea trifolia Three-leaved Bladder-Nut c.m. 151 Tamarix germanica German Tamarisk c.m.

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

152 Aralia spinosa Angelica Tree b.l.

PENTANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

153 Zanthorhiza Apifolium Parsley-leaved Zanthorhiza b.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

154 Prinos verticillatus Whorl-leaved Winter-berry b.l. 155 ——— glaber Smooth ditto b.l. 156 ——— lanceolatus Lanceolate-leaved ditto b.l. 157 ——— laevigatus Spear-leaved ditto b.l. 158 Berberis canadensis Canadian Barberry b.l. 159 ———— cretica Cretan ditto b.l. 160 ———— sibirica Siberian ditto b.l.

HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

161 Aesculus Hippocastanum Common Horse Chesnut c.m. 162 ———- flava Yellow-flowered ditto c.m. 163 ———- Pavia Scarlet-flowered ditto c.m. 164 ———- parviflora Small-flowered ditto c.m.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

165 Koelreuteria paniculata Panicled Koelreuteria b.l. 166 Vaccinium stamineum Green-twigged Bleaberry b.m. 167 ————- diffusum Shining-leaved ditto b.m. 168 ————- fuscatum Brown ditto b.m. 169 ————- angustifolium Narrow-leaved ditto b.m. 170 ————- frondosum Obtuse-leaved ditto b.m. 171 ————- venustum Red-twigged ditto b.m. 172 ————- resinosum Clammy ditto b.m. 173 ————- amoenum Broad-leaved ditto b.m. 174 ————- virgatum Twiggy-leaved ditto b.m. 175 ————- tenellum Gale-leaved ditto b.m. 176 ————- macrocarpon Large-fruited ditto b.m. 177 ————- nitidum Shining-leaved ditto b.m. 178 ————- ligustrinum Privet-leaved ditto b.m. 179 ————- pumilum Dwarf ditto b.m. 180 Erica ciliaris Ciliated Heath b.m.s. 181 ——- mediterranea Mediterranean ditto b.m.s. 182 ——- australis Spanish ditto b.m.s. 183 ——- herbacea Herbaceous ditto b.m. 184 ——- arborea Tree ditto b.m.s. 185 Daphne alpina Alpine Daphne b.l. 186 ——— pontica Two-flowered ditto b.l.s. 187 ——— Cneorum Trailing ditto b.l. 188 ——— Tartonraira Silver-leaved Daphne b.l.s. 189 ——— collina Hairy ditto b.l.s. 190 ——— Gnidium Flax-leaved ditto b.l.s. 191 Dirca palustris Marsh Leatherwood b.m.

OCTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

192 Polygonum frutescens Shrubby Polygonum b.s.

ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

193 Laurus Benzoin Benjamin Tree c.m. 194 ——— nobilis Sweet Bay c.m. 195 Sassafras Sassafras Tree b.l.

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

196 Sophora japonica Japan Sophora c.m. 197 Cercis Siliquastrum European Judas Tree c.m. 198 ——— canadensis American ditto c.m. 199 Guilandina dioica Canadian Bonduc c.m. 200 Ruta graveolens Common Rue c.m. 201 —— montana Mountain ditto c.m. 202 Kalmia latifolia Broad-leaved Kalmia b.s. 203 ——— angustifolia Narrow-leaved ditto b.s. 204 ——— v. carnea Pale-flowered ditto b.s. 205 ——— glauca Glaucus-leaved ditto b.s. 206 Ledum palustre Marsh Rosemary b.s. 207 ——- v. decumbens Dwarf ditto b.s. 208 ——- latifolium Labrador Tea b.s. 209 ——- buxifolium Box-leaved Ledum b.s. 210 Rhodora canadensis Canadian Rhodora b.m. 211 Rhodorendron ferrugineum Rusty-leaved Rhododendron b.m. 212 —————— dauricum Dauric ditto b.m. 213 —————— hirsutum Hairy ditto b.m. 214 —————— ponticum Pontic ditto b.m. 215 —————— fol. variegat. Striped-leaved ditto b.m. 216 —————— cataubiense Large ditto b.m. 217 —————— maximum Large-leaved ditto b.m. 218 —————— punctatum Dotted ditto b.m. 219 Andromeda mariana Maryland Andromeda b.m. 220 ————- v. oblonga Oval-leaved ditto b.m. 221 ————- ferruginea Rusty-leaved ditto b.m. 222 ————- polyfolia, v. major Broad-leaved rusty ditto b.m. 223 ————- paniculata Panicled ditto b.m. 224 ————- arborea Tree ditto b.m. 225 ————- racemosa Branching ditto b.m. 226 ————- axillaris Notch-leaved ditto b.m. 227 ————- coriacea Thick-leaved ditto b.m. 228 ————- acuminata Acute-leaved ditto b.m. 229 ————- calyculata Globe-flowered ditto b.m. 230 ————- v. latifolia Broad Box-leaved ditto b.m. 231 ————- v. angustifolia Narrow-leaved ditto b.m. 232 ————- Catesbaei Catesby's ditto b.m. 233 Epigaea repens Creeping Epigaea b.s. 234 Gualtheria procumbens Procumbent Gualtheria b.s. 235 Arbutus Unedo Common Strawberry Tree b.l. 236 ———- v. fl. rubro Scarlet-flowered ditto b.l. 237 ———- v. flore pleno Double-flowered ditto b.l. 238 ———- v. angustifolia Narrow-leaved ditto b.l. 239 ———- v. crispa Curled-leaved ditto b.l. 240 ———- Andrachne Eastern ditto b.l. 241 Clethra alnifolia Alder-leaved Clethra b.l. 242 ———- v. pubescens Pubescent ditto b.l. 243 Styrax officinale Officinal Styrax b.l. 244 ——— grandifolium Large-leaved ditto l. 245 ——— laevigatum Smooth-leaved ditto l.

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.

246 Hydrangea arborescens Tree Hydrangea c.m. 247 ————- hortensis Changeable-flowered ditto c.m. 248 ————- glauca Glaucous-leaved ditto b.l. 249 ————- radiata Rayed-flowered ditto b.l.

DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

250 Halesia tetraptera Wing-seeded Snow-drop Tree c.m.

DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

251 Euphorbia spinosa Shrubby Euphorbia b.l. 252 Aristotelia Macqui Shining-leaved Aristotelia b.s.

ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

253 Philadelphus coronarius Common Syringa c.m. 254 —————— nanus Dwarf ditto c.m. 255 Punica Granatum. w. Pomegranata l.w.s. 256 ——— flore pleno. w. Double-flowered ditto l.w.s. 257 ——— flore luteo. w. Yellow-flowered ditto l.w.s. 258 ——— flore albo. w. White-flowered ditto l.w.s. 259 ——— nana. w. Dwarf ditto l.w.s. 260 Amygdalus Persica Peach Tree c.m. 261 ————- v. flore pleno Double-flowering ditto c.m. 262 ————- v. Nectarina Nectarine c.m. 263 ————- nana Rough-leaved Almond c.m. 264 ————- pumila Dwarf ditto c.m. 265 ————- communis Common ditto c.m. 266 ————- fol. variegat. Striped-leaved ditto c.m. 267 ————- chinensis Chinese ditto c.m. 268 ————- orientalis Silvery-leaved ditto c.m. 269 ————- sibirica Siberian ditto c.m. 270 Prunus virginiana Virginian Bird-Cherry c.m. 271 ——— caroliniana Carolinian ditto c.m. 272 ——— lusitanica Portugal Laurel c.m. 273 Lauro-Cerasus Common Laurel c.m. 274 ——- Maheleb Perfumed Cherry c.m. 275 ——- Armeniaca Apricot Tree c.m. 276 ——- pumila Dwarf Bird-Cherry c.m. 277 ——- pendula Weeping Cherry c.m. 278 ——- pennsylvanica Pennsylvanian Bird-Cherry c.m. 279 ——- nigra Black ditto c.m. 280 ——- cerasifera Mirobalum Plum-Tree c.m. 281 ——- rubra Cornish Bird-Cherry c.m. 282 ——- Cerasus, v. flore pleno Double-flowering ditto c.m. 283 ——- domestica Common Plum c.m. 284 ——- v. flore pleno Double-flowering ditto c.m. 285 ——- sibirica Siberian ditto c.m.

ICOSANDRIA DIGYNIA.

286 Crataegus Crus galli Cockspur Thorn c.m. 287 ———— v. pyracanthifolia Pyracanthus-leaved ditto c.m. 288 ———— salicifolia Willow-leaved ditto c.m. 289 ———— Aria, v. suecica Swedish White Beam Tree c.m. 290 ———— coccinea American Hawthorn c.m. 291 ———— sanguinea Bloody ditto c.m. 292 ———— cordata Maple-leaved ditto c.m. 293 ———— pyrifolia Pear-leaved ditto c.m. 294 ———— elliptica Oval-leaved ditto c.m. 295 ———— glandulosa Hollow-leaved ditto c.m. 296 ———— flava Yellow-berried ditto c.m. 297 ———— parviflora Gooseberry-leaved ditto c.m. 298 ———— punctata Great-fruited ditto c.m. 299 ———— v. aurea Great Yellow-fruited ditto c.m. 300 ———— Azarolus Parsley-leaved ditto c.m. 301 ———— monogynia, v. coc. Scarlet Thorn c.m. 302 ———— tomentosa Woolly-leaved ditto c.m. 303 ———— odoratissima Sweet-scented ditto c.m.

ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

304 Mespillus Pyracantha Evergreen Thorn c.m. 305 ————- Chamae Mespillus Bastard Quince c.m. 306 ————- canadensis Snowy Service c.m. 307 ————- Cotoneaster Dwarf Mespilus c.m. 308 ————- arbutifolia Arbutus-leaved ditto c.m. 309 ————- fructu rubro Red-fruited ditto c.m. 310 ————- fructu albo White-fruited ditto c.m. 311 ————- tomentosa Woolly ditto c.m. 312 ————- Amelanchier Alpine ditto c.m. 313 ————- pennsylvanica Pennsylvanian ditto c.m. 314 Pyrus Pollveria Woolly-leaved Pear-tree c.m. 315 ——- spectabilis Chinese Apple-tree c.m. 316 ——- prunifolia Large Siberian Crab c.m. 317 Pyrus baccata Small Siberian Crab c.m. 318 ——- coronaria Sweet-scented ditto c.m. 319 ——- angustifolia Narrow-leaved ditto c.m. 320 ——- Cydonia Common Quince c.m. 321 ——- salicifolia Willow-leaved Crab c.m. 322 ——- praecox Early-flowering ditto c.m. 323 Spiraea laevigata Smooth-leaved Spiraea c.m. 324 ——— salicifolia Willow-leaved ditto c.m. 325 ——— v. paniculata Panicled ditto c.m. 326 ——— v. latifolia Broad-leaved ditto c.m. 327 ——— tomentosa Woolly-leaved ditto c.m. 328 ——— Hypericifolia Hypericum-leaved ditto c.m. 329 ——— crenata Crenated ditto c.m. 330 ——— chamaedrifolia Germander-leaved ditto c.m. 331 ——— thalictroides Meadow Rue leaved ditto l. 332 ——— Opulifolia Guelder Rose leaved ditto c.m. 333 ——— sorbifolia Mountain Ash-leaved ditto b.m. 334 ——— sibirica Siberian ditto c.m.

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

335 Rosa Lutea Single Yellow Rose l. 336 —— bicolor Red and Yellow Austrian ditto l. 337 —— sulphurea Double Yellow ditto l.s. 338 —— blanda Hudson's Bay ditto l. 339 —— cinnamonema. fl. pl. Double cinnamon ditto c.m. 340 —— pimpinellifolia Small Burnet-leaved ditto c.m. 341 —— spinosissima v. Striped-flowered Scotch Rose c.m. 342 —— v. ruberrima Red Scotch ditto c.m. 343 —— v. flore pleno Double Scotch ditto c.m. 344 —— v. altissima Tall Scotch ditto c.m. 345 —— v. versicolor Marbled Scotch ditto c.m. 346 —— carolina Single Burnet-leaved ditto c.m. 347 —— v. flore-pleno Double Burnet-leaved ditto c.m. 348 —— v. pimpinellifolia Single Pennsylvanian ditto c.m. 349 —— v. pimpinellifol. fl. pl. Double Pennsylvanian ditto b.m. 350 —— v. diffusa Spreading Carolina ditto c.m. 351 —— v. stricta Upright Carolina Rose c.m. 352 —— villosa, v. flore pleno Double Apple-bearing ditto c.m. 353 —— provincialis Common Provins ditto c.m. 354 —— v. ruberrima Scarlet Provins ditto c.m. 355 —— v. pallida Blush Provins ditto c.m. 356 —— v. alba White Provins ditto c.m. 357 —— v. multiflora Rose de Meaux c.m. 358 —— v. bicolor Rose de Pompone c.m. 359 —— v. humilis Rose de Rheims c.m. 360 —— v. prolifera Childing's Provins ditto c.m. 361 —— v. lusitanica Blandford or Portugal ditto c.m. 363 —— v. ————— Rose St. Francis c.m. 363 Rosa provincialis v. —— Shailer's Provins ditto c.m. 364 —— ferox Hedgehog ditto c.m. 365 —— brancteata Ld. Macartney's White Rose c.m. 366 —— centifolia Dutch Hundred-leaved ditto c.m. 367 —— v. rubicans Blush Hundred-leaved ditto c.m. 368 —— v. Singletoniae Singleton's Hundred-leaved do. c.m. 369 —— v. holosericea Single Velvet ditto c.m. 370 —— v. holoserica fl. pl. Double Velvet ditto c.m. 371 —— v. sultana Sultan Rose c.m. 372 —— v. stebennensis Stepney ditto c.m. 373 —— v. —————— Lisbon ditto c.m. 374 —— v. —————— Bishop ditto c.m. 375 —— v. —————— Cardinal ditto c.m. 376 —— v. —————— Blush Royal ditto c.m. 377 —— v. —————— Petit Hundred-leaved ditto c.m. 378 —— v. —————— Pluto ditto c.m. 379 —— v. —————— Monstrous Hundred-leaved do. c.m. 380 —— v. —————— Fringe ditto c.m. 381 —— v. —————— Plicate ditto c.m. 382 —— v. —————— Two-coloured Hund.-leaved do. c.m. 383 —— v. —————— Shell ditto c.m. 384 —— parvifolia Burgundy Rose b.m. 385 —— gallica Red officinal Rose c.m. 386 —— v. versicolor Rosa mundi c.m. 387 —— v. marmorea Marbled Rose c.m. 388 —— v. Royal Virgin ditto c.m. 389 —— v. major Giant ditto c.m. 390 —— damascena Red Damask ditto c.m. 391 —— v. rubicans Blush Damask ditto c.m. 392 —— v. versicolor York and Lancaster ditto c.m. 393 —— v. menstrualis Red Monthly ditto c.m. 394 —— v. menstrualis alba White Monthly ditto c.m. 395 —— v. Belgica Blush Belgic ditto c.m. 396 —— v. ———- Great Royal ditto c.m. 397 —— v. ———- Blush Monthly ditto c.m. 398 —— v. ———- Red Belgic ditto c.m. 399 —— v. ———- Goliah Rose c.m. 400 —— v. ———- Imperial Blush ditto c.m. 401 —— multiflora Many-flowered ditto c.m. 402 —— sempervirens. c. Evergreen Rose c.m. 403 —— turbinata Frankfort ditto c.m. 404 —— rubiginosa v. Semidoule Sweet Briar c.m. 405 —— v. muscosa Mossy ditto c.m. 406 —— v. sempervirens Manning's Blush ditto c.m. 407 —— v. flore pleno Double Red ditto c.m. 408 —— v. Royal ditto c.m. 409 —— muscosa Moss Provence Rose c.m. 410 —— moschata Single Musk ditto c.m. 411 Rosa v. flore pleno Double Musk Rose c.m. 412 —— alpina Alpine Rose c.m. 413 —— v. rubro Red Alpine ditto c.m. 414 —— canina, v. flore pleno Double Dog-rose c.m. 415 —— pendulina Rose without Thorns c.m. 416 —— alba Single White Rose c.m. 417 —— v. flore pleno Double White ditto c.m. 418 —— v. prolifera Cluster Maiden's Blush ditto c.m. 419 —— v. major Great Maiden's Blush ditto c.m. 420 —— procera Tall Rose c.m. 421 —— americana American Yellow ditto c.m. 422 Rubus occidentalis American Bramble c.m. 423 ——- odoratus Flowering ditto c.m. 424 ——- fruticosus inermis. c. Bramble without Thorns c.m. 425 ——- v. laciniata. c. Cut-leaved Bramble c.m. 426 ——- v. flore pleno Double-flowered ditto c.m. 427 Calycanthus floridus Carolina Allspice l. 428 —————- v. oblongus Long-leaved ditto l. 429 —————- praecox. w. Early-flowered Chinese ditto l.s.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

430 Tilia americana Broad-leaved American Lime c.m. 431 ——- v. corallina Red-twigged ditto c.m. 432 ——- pubescens Pubescent ditto c.m. 433 ——- alba White-leaved ditto c.m. 434 Cistus populifolius Poplar-leaved Cistus l.s. 435 ——— v. minor Small Poplar-leaved ditto l.s. 436 ——— laurifolius Laurel-leaved ditto l.s. 437 ——— Ladaniferus Gum Cistus c.m. 438 ——— monspeliensis Montpellier Cistus l.s. 439 ——— laxus Waved-leaved ditto l.s. 440 ——— salvifolius Sage-leaved ditto l.s. 441 ——— incanus Hoary ditto l.s. 442 ——— albidus White-leaved ditto l.s. 443 ——— crispus Curled-leaved ditto l.s. 444 ——— halimifolius Sea Purslane-leaved ditto l.s. 445 ——— halimifol. v. angustifol. Narrow-leaved Cistus l.s. 446 ——— umbellatus Umbelled-flowered ditto l.s. 447 ——— roseus Red-leaved ditto l.s. 448 ——— marifolius Marum-leaved ditto l.s. 449 ——— Tuberaria Plantain-leaved ditto l.s. 450 ——— apenninus Apennine ditto c.m. 451 ——— mutabilis Changeable ditto l.s.

POLYANDRIA DIGYNIA.

452 Fothergillia alnifolia Alder-leaved Fothergillia b.s.

POLYANDRIA DIGYNIA.

453 Liriodendron Tulipifera Common Tulip Tree c.m. 454 Magnolia grandiflora Laurel-leaved Magnolia b.l.s. 455 ———— v. obovata Broad-leaved ditto b.l.s. 456 ———— v. lanceolata Long-leaved ditto b.l.s. 457 ———— v. ferruginea Ferrugineous ditto b.l.s. 458 ———— glauca Swamp ditto b.l.s. 459 ———— acuminata Blue-flowering ditto b.l.s. 460 ———— tripetala Umbrella Tree b.l.s. 461 ———— auriculata Large-leaved ditto b.l.s. 462 ———— purpurea Purple Chinese ditto b.l.s. 463 Annona triloba Trifid-fruited Custard Apple b.l.s. 464 Atragena alpina. c. Alpine Atragena b.l. 465 ———— austriaca. c. Austrian ditto b.l. 466 Clematis cirrhosa. c. Evergreen Virgin's Bower b.l. 467 ———— florida. c. Large-flowered ditto b.l. 468 ———— flore pleno Double ditto c.m. 469 ———— viticella. c. Purple-flowered ditto b.l. 470 ———— v. fl. pleno. c. Double Purple-flowered ditto c.m. 471 ———— crispa. c. Curled-flowered ditto b.l. 472 ———— orientalis. c. Eastern ditto b.l. 473 ———— virginiana. c. Virginian ditto c.m. 474 ———— flammula. c. Sweet-scented ditto c.m.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA.

475 Teucrium flavum Yellow Teucrium l.s. 476 Satureja montana Winter Savory c.m. 477 Hyssopus officinalis Common Hyssop c.m. 478 Lavandula Spica Lavender c.m. 479 ————- v. flore albo White-flowered ditto c.m. 480 ————- Stoechas French ditto c.m.s. 481 Phlomis fruticosa Jerusalem Sage c.m. 482 Thymus vulgaris Common Thyme c.m. 483 ——— v. fol. variegat. Silver Thyme c.m. 484 ——— vulgaris. latifolia Broad-leaved Thyme c.m. 485 ——— Zygis Linear-leaved ditto c.m.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

486 Bignonia Catalpa Common Catalpa c.m. 487 ———— radicans Great trumpet Flower c.m. 488 ———— v. minor Small ditto c.m. 489 ———— capreolata Four-leaved ditto l.s. 490 Vitex Agnus Castus Chaste Tree c.m. 491 ——- v. latifolia Broad-leaved ditto c.m.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

492 Vella Pseudo-cytisus Shrubby Vella l.s.

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

493 Hibiscus Syriacus Althaea Frutex c.m. 494 ———— v. ruber Red-flowered ditto c.m. 495 ———— v. albus White-flowered ditto c.m. 496 ———— v. fol. variegat. Striped-leaved ditto c.m. 497 ———— v. flore pleno Double White-flowered ditto c.m. 498 Stuartia Malacodendron Common Stuartia b.l.s. 499 ———— marilandia Maryland ditto b.l.s. 500 Gordonia pubescens Loblolly Bay b.l.s.

DIADELPHIA OCTANDRIA.

501 Polygala Chamaebuxus Box-leaved Milkwort b.m.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

502 Spartium Junceum Spanish Broom c.m. 503 ———— flore pleno Double-flowered ditto l.s. 504 ———— decumbens Trailing Broom c.m. 505 ———— Scorpius Scorpion ditto c.m. 506 ———— multiflorum Portugal White ditto c.m. 507 ———— patens Woolly-podded ditto c.m. 508 ———— purgans Purging ditto c.m. 509 ———— radiatum Starry ditto b.m. 510 Genista candicans Evergreen genista c.m. 511 ———- triquetra Triangular ditto c.m. 512 ———- sagittalis Jointed ditto l. 513 ———- sibirica Siberian ditto c.m. 514 ———- germanica German ditto l. 515 ———- hispanica Spanish ditto l. 516 ———- lusitanica Portugal ditto l. 517 Amorpha fruticosa Bastard Indigo c.m. 518 Ononis rotundifolia Round-leaved Rest-Harrow l. 519 ——— fruticosa Shrubby ditto l. 520 Glycine frutescens Shrubby Kidney-bean Tree c.m. 521 Cytisus Laburnum Common Laburnum c.m. 522 ———- v. latifolium Scotch ditto c.m. 523 ———- alpinus Alpine Cytisus c.m. 524 ———- nigricans Black ditto c.m. 525 ———- divaricatus Divaricated ditto c.m. 526 ———- sessifolius Sessile-leaved ditto c.m. 527 ———- hirsutus Hairy Evergreen ditto c.m.s. 528 ———- purpureus Purple-flowered ditto b.l. 529 ———- austriacus Austrian ditto l. 530 ———- supinus Trailing ditto l. 531 ———- capitatus Large Yellow-flowered ditto c.m. 532 ———- biflorus Two-flowered ditto c.m. 533 Robinia Pseudo-Acacia Common Acacia c.m. 534 ———- hispida Rose Acacia c.m. 535 Robinia glutinosa Glutinous Acacia c.m. 536 ———- Caragana Caragana ditto c.m. 537 ———- Altagana Siberian ditto l. 538 ———- Chamlagu Shining-leaved ditto l. 539 ———- spinosa Thorny ditto l. 540 ———- Halodendron Salt Tree l. 541 ———- frutescens Shrubby Robinia l. 542 ———- pygmea Dwarf ditto l. 543 ———- jubata Bearded ditto l. 544 Colutea arborescens Common Bladder Senna c.m. 545 ———- cruenta Eastern ditto c.m. 546 ———- Pococki Pocock's ditto c.m. 547 Coronilla Emeris Scorpion Senna c.m. 548 Astralagus tragacantha Goat's Thorn l.

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

549 Hypericum calycinum Great-flowered St. John's-wort c.m. 550 ————- hircinum Foetid ditto c.m. 551 ————- v. minus Lesser Foetid ditto c.m. 552 ————- elatum Tall ditto c.m. 553 ————- prolificum Proliferous ditto c.m. 554 ————- olympicum Olympian ditto l.s. 555 ————- Kalmianum Kalmia-leaved ditto c.m.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA AEQUALIS.

556 Santolina Chamaecyparissus Lavender cotton c.m. 557 ————- rosmarinifolius Rosemary-leaved ditto c.m.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

558 Gnaphalium Stoechas Narrow-leaved Everlasting l.s. 559 Baccharis halimifolia Groundsel tree c.m. 560 Cineraria maritima Sea Rag-wort l.s.

GYNANDRIA PENTANDRIA.

561 Passiflora caerulea. c. Blue Passion Flower c.m.s.

GYNANDRIA HEXANDRIA.

562 Aristolochia Sipho. c. Tree Birthwort l.

MONOECIA TRIANDRIA.

563 Axyris Ceratoides Shrubby Axyris l.s. 564 Comptonia asplenifolia Fern-leaved Gale b.s.

MONOECIA TETRANDRIA.

565 Aucuba japonica Blotched-leaved Aucuba l.b.s. 566 Betula populifolia Poplar-leaved Birch c.m. 567 ——— nigra Black ditto c.m. 568 ——— papyracea Paper ditto c.m. 569 ——— pumila Hairy-leaved Dwarf ditto b.m. 570 ——— oblongata Oblong-leaved ditto c.m. 571 ——— laciniata Cut-leaved Alder c.m. 572 ——— incana Glaucous-leaved Alder c.m. 573 ——— v. angulata Elm-leaved ditto c.m. 574 Buxus balearicus Minorca Box l.s. 575 ——- semperv. v. variegat. Striped-leaved ditto c.m. 576 ——- v. angustifolia Narrow-leaved ditto c.m. 577 Morus alba White Mulberry c.m. 578 ——- nigra Black ditto c.m. 579 ——- papyracea Paper ditto c.m. 580 ——- rubra Red ditto c.m.

MONOECIA PENTANDRIA.

581 Iva frutescens Bastard Jesuit's-Bark Tree c.m.

MONOECIA POLYANDRIA.

582 Quercus Phellos Willow-leaved Oak l. 583 ———- v. serioea Dwarf Willow-leaved ditto l. 584 ———- Ilex Evergreen Oak c.m. 585 ———- v. serrata Sawed-leaved Evergreen ditto c.m. 586 ———- v. oblonga Oblong-leaved Evergreen do. c.m. 587 ———- Suber Cork tree c.m. 588 ———- virens Live Oak c.m. 589 ———- Prinos Chesnut-leaved Oak l.s. 590 ———- v. oblonga Long-leaved ditto l. 591 ———- aquatica Water Oak l. 592 ———- v. heterophylla Various-leaved Water Oak l. 593 ———- v. elongata Long-leaved Water ditto l. 594 ———- v. indivisa Entire-leaved Water ditto l. 595 ———- v. attenuata Narrow-leaved Water ditto l. 596 ———- nigra Black Oak c.m. 597 ———- rubra Red ditto c.m. 598 ———- v. coccinea Scarlet ditto c.m. 599 ———- v. montana Mountain Red ditto c.m. 600 ———- discolor Downy-leaved ditto c.m. 601 ———- alba White Oak c.m. 602 ———- aegilops Large prickly-cupped ditto l. 603 ———- Cerris Turkey Oak c.m. 604 Fagus pumila Chinquapin Chesnut l.s. 605 ——- ferruginea Copper Beech c.m. 606 ——- sylvatica v. purpurea Purple ditto c.m. 607 ——- v. asplenifolia Fern-leaved ditto c.m. 608 Carpinus virginiana Virginian Hornbeam c.m. 609 Carpinus Ostrya Hop Hornbeam c.m. 610 Corylus rostrata American Cuckold Nut c.m. 611 ———- Colurna Constantinople ditto c.m. 612 Platanus orientalis Palmated Plane Tree c.m. 613 ———— v. acerifolia Maple-leaved ditto c.m. 614 ———— v. undulata Waved-leaved ditto c.m. 615 ———— occidentalis Lobed-leaved ditto c.m. 616 Liquidamber Styraciflua Maple-leaved Gum Tree l.

MONOECIA MONADELPHIA.

617 Pinus pinaster Pinaster c.m. 618 ——- Inops Jersey Pine l. 619 ——- resinosa Pitch ditto l. 620 ——- halepensis Aleppo Pine l. 621 ——- Pinea Stone Pine l. 622 ——- Taeda Frankincense ditto l. 623 ——- v. rigida Three-leaved ditto l. 624 ——- v. variabilis Two and three-leaved ditto l. 625 ——- v. alopecuroides Fox-tail ditto l. 626 ——- v. Cembra Siberian stone ditto c.m. 627 ——- Strobus Weymouth ditto c.m. 628 ——- Cedrus Cedar of Lebanon c.m. 629 ——- Larix Red Larch c.m. 630 ——- v. pendula Black Larch c.m. 631 ——- Picea Silver Fir c.m. 632 ——- Balsamea Balm of Gilead Fir c.m. 633 ——- canadensis Hemlock Spruce Fir c.m. 634 ——- nigra Black ditto c.m. 635 ——- alba White ditto c.m. 636 ——- Abies Red or Common ditto c.m. 637 ——- sylvestris v. tatarica Tartarian Pine l. 638 ——- v. montana Mountain ditto l. 639 ——- v. divaricata Hudson's Bay ditto l. 640 ——- v. maritima Sea Pine l. 641 Thuja occidentalis American Arbor-Vitae c.m. 642 ——- orientalis Chinese ditto c.m. 643 Cupressus sempervirens Upright Cypress c.m. 644 ————- v. horizontalis Male Spreading ditto c.m. 645 ————- disticha Deciduous ditto c.m. 646 ————- v. nutans Long-leaved Deciduous ditto l. 647 ————- thyoides Arbor-Vitae-leaved ditto c.m. 648 ————- pendula Cedar of Goa l.s.

DIOECIA DIANDRIA.

649 Salix phylicaefolia Phylica-leaved Willow c.m. 650 ——- babylonica Weeping Willow c.m. 651 ——- retusa Blunt-leaved ditto c.m. 652 Salix incubacea Spreading Willow c.m. 653 ——- ulmifolia Elm-leaved ditto c.m. 654 ——- hastata Halbert-leaved ditto c.m. 655 ——- myrtilloides Myrtle-leaved ditto c.m. 656 ——- Lapponum Lapland ditto c.m. 657 ——- tristis Narrow-leaved American ditto c.m.

DIOECIA TRIANDRIA.

658 Empetrum rubrum Red Crow Berry b.m. 659 Hippophae canadensis Canada Sea Buck-thorn b.l.s. 660 Myrica cerifera Candleberry Myrtle b.l. 661 ——— v. latifolia Broad-leaved ditto b.l.

DIOECIA PENTANDRIA.

662 Pistachia Terebinthus Pistachia Nut Tree l.s. 663 Xanthoxylum Clava Herculis Tooth-ach Tree c.m.

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

664 Smilax aspera. c. Rough Bindweed l.b. 665 ——— lanceolata. c. Spear-leaved ditto l.b. 666 ——— rotundifolia. c. Round-leaved ditto l.b. 667 ——— Bona Nox. c. Ciliated ditto l.b. 668 ——— laurifolia. c. Laurel-leaved ditto l.b. 669 ——— sassaparilla. c. Sassaparilla ditto l.b. 670 ——— tamnoides. c. Briony-leaved ditto l.b. 671 ——— caduca. c. Deciduous ditto l.b.

DIOECIA OCTANDRIA.

672 Populus dilatata Lombardy Poplar c.m. 673 ———- balsamifera Tacamahac ditto c.m. 674 ———- candicans White-leaved ditto c.m. 675 ———- laevigata Smooth-leaved ditto c.m. 676 ———- monilifera Canadian ditto c.m. 677 ———- graeca Athenian ditto c.m. 678 ———- heterophylla Various-leaved ditto c.m. 679 ———- angulata Carolina ditto c.m.

DIOECIA DECANDRIA.

680 Coriaria myrtifolia Myrtle-leaved Sumach c.m.

DIOECIA DODECANDRIA.

681 Menispermum canadense. c. Canada Moon-seed l.b. 682 —————- carolinianum. c. Carolina ditto l.b.

DIOECIA MONADELPHIA.

683 Juniperus thuifera Spanish Juniper c.m. 684 ————- Sabina Common Savin c.m. 685 ————- v. tamariscifolia Tamarisk-leaved ditto c.m. 686 Juniperus v. fol. variegat. Variegated Savin c.m. 687 ————- virginiana Red Cedar c.m. 688 ————- repens Creeping ditto c.m. 689 ————- Oxycedrus Brown-berried ditto l.b.s. 690 ————- phoenicea Phoenicean ditto l.b.s. 691 ————- bermudiana Bermudian ditto l.b.s. 692 ————- communis v. suecica Swedish ditto c.m. 693 ————- montana Alpine ditto l.b. 694 Ephedra monostachya Shrubby Horse tail l.b. 695 ———- distachya Greater ditto l.b. 696 Cissampelos smilacina Smilax-leaved Cissampelos l.b.

DIOECIA SYNGENESIA.

697 Ruscus Hypoglossum Broad-leaved Alexandrian Laurel c.m. 698 ——— Hypophyllum Double-leaved ditto b.m. 699 ——— racemosus Common ditto b.m.

POLYGAMIA MONOECIA.

700 Atriplex Halimus Sea Purslane c.m. 701 Acer tataricum Tartarian Maple c.m. 702 —— rubrum Scarlet ditto c.m. 703 —— v. pallidum Pale ditto c.m. 704 —— saccharinum Sugar Maple c.m. 705 —— platanoides Plane-leaved ditto c.m. 706 —— v. laciniatum Cut-leaved ditto c.m. 707 —— montanum Mountain ditto c.m. 708 —— pensylvanicum Pennsylvanian ditto c.m. 709 —— monspessulanum Montpellier ditto c.m. 710 —— creticum Cretan ditto c.m. 711 —— Negundo Ash-leaved ditto c.m. 712 —— Opalus Italian ditto c.m.

POLYGAMIA DIOECIA.

713 Gleditsia triacanthos Three-thorned Acacia c.m. 714 ————- v. horrida Strong-spined ditto c.m. 715 ————- v. monosperma Single-seeded ditto c.m. 716 Fraxinus rotundifolia Round-leaved Ash c.m. 717 ———— excelsior v. crispa Curled-leaved ditto c.m. 718 ———— v. diversifolia Various-leaved ditto c.m. 719 ———— v. pendula Weeping Ash c.m. 720 ———— v. striata Striped-barked ditto c.m. 721 ———— v. variegata Blotch-leaved ditto c.m. 722 ———— Ornus Flowering ditto c.m. 723 ———— americana American ditto c.m. 724 ———— chinensis Chinese ditto c.m. 725 ———— rotundifolia Round-leaved ditto c.m. 726 Diospyrus Lotus Date Plum Tree c.m. 727 Diospyrus virginiana Virginian Plum Tree c.m. 728 Nyssa integrifolia Mountain Tupello l.b. 729 ——- denticulata Water ditto l.b.

POLYGAMIA TRIOECIA.

730 Ficus Garica Common Fig-Tree c.m.

* * * * *



FOREIGN HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS.



In enumerating the foregoing, as well as the plants of the present section, I have had more than one object in view; being desirous to put in only such plants as were ornamental or curious, at the same time to insert none but what are perfectly hardy; yet, independently of this, to make it sufficiently general, to give to such persons who might wish to study plants scientifically, a sufficient number for examples in every genus. For this purpose I have retained a portion of the Umbelliferous and other plants. Although not to be distinguished for their general beauty or appearance, yet they are calculated to afford the student the best plants for comparison, and for that reason I have arranged them according to the Linnaean System.



DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

1 Veronica sibirica Siberian Speedwell c.m. 2 ———— virginica Virginian ditto c.m. 3 ———— spuria Bastard ditto c.m. 4 ———— maritima Blue-flowered Sea ditto c.m. 5 ———— longifolia Long-leaved ditto c.m. 6 ———— incana Hoary ditto c.m. 7 ———— incicisa Cut-leaved ditto c.m. 8 ———— Allioni Creeping ditto c.m. 9 ———— Teucrium Hungarian ditto c.m. 10 ———— urticaefolia Nettle-leaved ditto c.m. 11 ———— orientalis Oriental ditto c.m. 12 ———— candida White-leaved ditto c.m. 13 ———— multifida Multifid ditto c.m. 14 ———— latifolia Broad-leaved ditto c.m. 15 Verinoca prostrata Trailing Sea Speedwell c.m. 16 ———— austriaca Austrian ditto c.m. 17 ———— pinnata Wing'd-leaved ditto c.m. 18 ———— paniculata Panicled ditto c.m. 19 ———— Gentianoides Gentian-leaved ditto c.m. 20 Gratiola officinalis Hedge-Hyssop c.m. 21 Verbena urticaefolia Nettle-leaved Vervain c.m. 22 Lycopus virginicus Virginian Lycopus c.m. 23 Monarda fistulosa Hollow-stalked Monarda l. 24 ———- didyma Scarlet ditto l. 25 ———- purpurea Purple ditto l. 26 Salvia lyrata Lyre-leaved Sage l.b. 27 ——— virgata Twiggy-branched ditto c.m. 28 ——— sylvestris Spotted-stalked ditto c.m. 29 ——— nemorosa Spear-leaved ditto c.m. 30 ——— austriaca Austrian ditto c.m. 31 ——— Disermas Long-spiked ditto c.m. 32 ——— verticillata Whorl-flowered ditto c.m. 33 ——— glutinosa Yellow-flowered ditto c.m. 34 ——— lineata Flax-leaved ditto l.b. 35 Collinsonia canadensis Nettle-leaved Collinsonia c.m.

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

36 Valeriana Phu Garden Valerian c.m. 37 Ixia chinensis Chinese Ixia l.b. 38 Galdiolus communis Common red Corn-Flag c.m. 39 ————- byzantinus Larger ditto c.m. 40 Iris susiana Chalcedonian Iris l.b. 41 —— florentina Florentine ditto c.m. 42 —— germanica German ditto c.m. 43 —— lurida Dingy ditto c.m. 44 —— sambucina Elder-scented ditto c.m. 45 —— dalmatica Dalmatian ditto c.m. 46 —— variegata Variegated-flowered ditto c.m. 47 —— biflora Two-flowered ditto l.b. 48 —— pumila Dwarf ditto c.m. 49 —— sibirica Siberian ditto c.m. 50 —— squalens Brown-flowered ditto c.m. 51 —— versicolor Various coloured ditto c.m. 52 —— spuria Spurious ditto c.m. 53 —— ochroleuca Pale Yellow ditto c.m. 54 —— graminea Grass-leaved ditto c.m. 55 —— ephium Spanish Bulbous ditto c.m. 56 —— ephioides English Bulbous ditto c.m. 57 —— persica Persian ditto l.b. 58 —— halophila Long-leaved ditto c.m. 59 —— subbiflora One- and Two-flowered ditto c.m. 60 —— virginica Virginian ditto c.m. 61 Iris aphylla Naked-stalked Iris c.m. 62 —— flexuosa Bending-stalked ditto c.m. 63 Commelina erecta Upright Commelina c.m.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

64 Scabiosa alpina Alpine Scabious c.m. 65 ———— leucantha Snowy ditto c.m. 66 ———— sylvatica Broad-leaved ditto c.m. 67 ———— ochroleuca Pale white ditto c.m. 68 Crucianella anomala Anomalous Crucianella c.m. 69 Asperula Taurina Broad-leaved Woodroof c.m. 70 Plantago maxima Broad-leaved Plantain c.m. 71 ———— v. rosea Rose ditto c.m. 72 ———— altissima Tall ditto c.m. 73 ———— asiatica Asiatic ditto c.m. 74 Sanguisorba media Short-spiked Burnet-saxifrage c.m. 75 ———— canadensis Canadian ditto c.m.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

76 Anchusa angustifolia Narrow-leaved Bugloss c.m. 77 Pulmonaria angustifolia Narrow-leaved Lungwort l.b. 78 ————— virginica Virginian ditto l.b. 79 Borago orientalis Eastern Borage l.b. 80 Symphytum orientale Eastern Comfrey l.b. 81 ————- asperrimum Siberian ditto c.m. 82 Hydrophyllum virginicum Virginian Water-leaf l.b. 83 —————— canadense Canadian ditto l.b. 84 Lysimachia Ephemeron Willow-leaved Loose-strife l. 85 ————— stricta Bulb-bearing ditto b.s. 86 ————— ciliata Ciliated ditto c.m. 87 Plumbago europaea European Lead-wort c.m. 88 Phlox paniculata Panicled Lychnidea c.m. 89 ——- undulata Wave-leaved ditto c.m. 90 ——- suaveolens White-flowered ditto c.m. 91 ——- carolina Carolina ditto c.m. 92 ——- maculata Spotted-stalked ditto c.m. 93 ——- glaberrima Smooth-stalked ditto c.m. 94 Convolvulus americanus American Bind-weed c.m. 95 Polemonium reptans Creeping Greek Valerian c.m. 96 Campanula persicifolia Peach-leaved Campanula l. 97 ————- pyramidalis Pyramidal ditto l. 98 ————- lilifolia Lily ditto c.m. 99 ————- rapunculoides Nettle-leaved ditto c.m. 100 ———— americana American ditto l. 101 ———— versicolor Various-coloured ditto l.b. 102 ———— sibirica Siberian ditto l.b. 103 Phyteuma spicata Spike-flowered Horn-Rampion c.m. 104 Triosteum perfoliatum Fever Wort l.b. 105 Verbascum ferrugineum Rusty-leaved Mullein l. 106 ———— phoeniceum Purple-flowered ditto l. 107 Hyoscyamus Scopolia Nightshade-leaved Henbane b. 108 Physalis Alkekengi Winter Cherry c.m. 109 Atropa Mandragora Mandrake l.s. 110 Viola montana Mountain Violet c.m. 111 Tabernamonta Amsonia Alternate-leaved Taberna montana 112 —————— angustifolia Narrow-leaved ditto l.s.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

113 Apocynum venetum Spear-leaved Dog's-bane c.m. 114 ———— androsaemifolium Fly-catching ditto l.b. 115 ———— cannabium Hemp-leaved ditto c.m. 116 Asclepius syriaca Syrian Swallow-wort c.m. 117 ————- amoena Oval-leaved ditto c.m. 118 ————- incarnata Flesh-coloured ditto c.m. 119 ————- sibirica Siberian ditto l.b. 120 ————- Vincetoxicum Officinal ditto c.m. 121 ————- exaltata Tall ditto l.b. 122 ————- tuberosa Orange Apocynum or ditto l.b. 123 ————- nigra Black ditto c.m. 124 Heuchera americana American Spanicle c.m. 125 Gentiana lutea Yellow Gentian l.b. 126 ———— saponaria Soapwort-leaved ditto l.b. 127 ————- cruciata Cross-wort ditto l.b. 128 Eryngium planum Flat-leaved Eryngo l. 129 ———— amethystinum Amethystian ditto l. 130 ———— Bourgati Cut-leaved ditto l. 131 ———— alpinum Alpine ditto l. 132 Astrantia major Great Black Masterwort c.m. 133 Ferrula communis Gigantic Fennel l. 134 ———- nodiflora Knotted ditto l. 135 Laserpitium latifolium Broad-leaved Laser-wort l. 136 Heracleum elegans Elegant-leaved Cow Parsnep c.m. 137 Ligusticum laevisticum Common Lovage c.m. 138 ————— peloponnese Hemlock-leaved ditto c.m. 139 Angelica archangelica Garden Angelica c.m. 140 Sium Falcaria Creeping-rooted Skirret l.b. 141 Phellandrium Mutellina Mountain Phellandrium l.b. 142 Chaerophyllum bulbosum Bulbous-rooted Chaerophyllum c.m. 143 —————— hirsutum Hairy ditto c.m. 144 —————— aromaticum Sweet-scented ditto c.m. 145 Sesseli montanum Long-leaved Meadow-saxifrage c.m. 146 Thapsia villosa Deadly carrot c.m. 147 Smyrnium aureum Golden Alexanders l.b.

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

148 Aralia racemosa Berry-bearing Aralia c.m. 149 Aralia nudicaulis Naked-stalk'd Atalia l.b. 150 Statice Cephalotes Large single-stalk'd Statice l. 151 ———- speciosa Plaintain-leaved ditto l. 152 ———- tatarica Tartarian ditto l.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

153 Tradescantia virginica Virginian Spider-wort c.m. 154 Narcissus angustifolius Narrow-leaved Narcissus c.m. 155 ————- biflorus Two-flowered ditto c.m. 156 ————- majalis Late-flowering white ditto c.m. 157 Narcissus incomparabilis Peerless Daffodil c.m. 158 ————- major Large ditto c.m. 159 ————- orientalis Oriental ditto c.m. 160 ————- Tazetta Polyanthus Narcissus c.m. 161 ————- odorus Sweet-scented ditto c.m. 162 ————- Jonquilla Jonquil c.m. 163 ————- hispanicus Spanish-white ditto c.m. 164 ————- Bulbocodium Hoop Petticoat ditto l.b. 165 ————- minor Lesser daffodil c.m. 166 Amaryllis lutea Yellow Amaryllis l. 167 Allium victorialis Long rooted Garlick c.m. 168 ——— sphaerocephalon Small round-headed ditto c.m. 169 ——— descendens Purple-headed ditto c.m. 170 ——— nutans Nodding ditto c.m. 171 ——— senescens Narcissus-leaved Garlick c.m. 172 ——— multibulbosum Broad-leaved ditto c.m. 173 ——— flavum Yellow Garlick c.m. 174 ——— Moly Yellow Moly c.m. 175 ——— tartaricum Tartarian Garlick c.m. 176 ——— subhirsutum Hairy ditto c.m. 177 ——— pallens Pale-flowered ditto c.m. 178 Lilium candidum White Lilly c.m. 179 ——— bulbiferum Orange ditto c.m. 180 ——— pomponium Pomponian ditto b.m. 181 ——— chalcedonium Scarlet Martagon ditto c.m. 182 ——— superbum Superb ditto b.m. 183 ——— martagon Common Martagon ditto c.m. 184 ——— canadense Canada-Martagon ditto b.m. 185 ——— tigrinum Tiger Lily l.b. 186 ——— philadelphicum Philadelphia Lily b.m.s. 187 ——— Catesbaei Catesby's Lily b.m.s. 188 Fritillaria imperialis Crown Imperial c.m. 189 —————- persica Persian Fritillary l. 190 —————- pyrenaica Pyrenean Fritillary c.m. 191 Uvularia perfoliata Perfoliate Uvularia l.b. 192 ———— amplexifolia Heart-leaved ditto l.b. 193 ———— grandiflora Large-flowered ditto c.m. 194 Erythronium Dens Canis Dog's-tooth Violet c.m. 195 Tulipa sylvestris Italian Yellow Tulip c.m. 196 ——— Gesneriana Common Garden ditto c.m. 196 Hypoxis erecta Upright Hypoxis c.m. 197 Ornithogalum nutans Nodding Star of Bethlehem c.m. 198 —————— pyrenaicum Pyrenean ditto c.m. 199 —————— latifolium Broad-leaved ditto c.m. 200 Scilla peruviana Peruvian-Hyacinth c.m. 201 ——— campanulata Spansh Squill c.m. 202 ——— bifolia Two-leaved ditto l.b. 203 ——— praecox Siberian ditto l.b. 204 ——— italica Italian ditto c.m. 205 ——— amoena Early-flowering ditto c.m. 206 Asphodelus luteus Yellow Asphodel c.m. 207 ————— ramosus Branching ditto c.m. 208 Anthericum ramosum Branching Anthericum c.m. 209 ————— Liliago Grass-leaved ditto c.m. 210 ————— Liliastrum St. Bruno's Lily c.m. 211 Convallaria verticillata Verticillate Solomon's Seal l. 212 —————- racemosa Branching ditto l. 213 —————- stellata Starry ditto l. 214 Hyacinthus orientalis Garden Hyacinth c.m. 215 ————— romanus Roman ditto l. 216 ————— cernuus Nodding ditto c.m. 217 ————— Muscaria Musk ditto c.m. 218 ————— monstrosus Feathered ditto c.m. 219 ————— comosus Purple-Grape or Tassel ditto c.m. 220 ————— botryoides Blue-Grape ditto c.m. 221 ————— racemosus Starch ditto c.m. 222 Aletris Uvaria Orange-flowered Aletris l.s. 223 Yucca gloriosa Superb Adam's Needle l.s. 224 ——- filamentosa Thready ditto c.m. 225 Hemerocallis flava Yellow Day Lily c.m. 226 —————— coerulea Blue ditto l.s. 227 —————— alba White ditto l.s. 228 —————— fulva Tawny ditto c.m. 229 —————— graminea Grass-leaved ditto c.m.

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

230 Rumex Patentia Patience Dock c.m. 231 ——- italicus Italian ditto c.m. 232 ——- alpinus Alpine ditto c.m.

HEXANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.

233 Saururus cernuus Lizard's Tail c.m. 234 ———— lucidus Shining-leaved ditto c.m.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

235 Oenothera fruticosa Shrubby Oenothera c.m. 236 Oenothera Misouriensis Misour Oenothera l.b. 237 ————- Fraseri Fraser's ditto l.b. 238 ————- angustifolia Narrow-leaved Shrubby ditto c.m. 239 Epilobium angustissimum Narrowest-leaved Willow-herb c.m. 240 ————- Dodonaei Dodonaeus's ditto l.b.

OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

241 Polygonum divaricatum Divaricated Polygonum c.m. 242 ————- scandens Climbing ditto c.m. 243 ————- undulatum Waved-leaved ditto c.m. 244 ————- ochreatum Spear-leaved ditto c.m. 245 ————- virginicum Virginian ditto c.m.

ENNEANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.

246 Rheum Rhaponticum Rhapontic Rhubarb c.m. 247 ——- undulatum Waved-leaved ditto c.m. 248 ——- palmatum Palmated-leaved ditto c.m. 249 ——- tataricum Tartarian ditto c.m. 250 ——- hybridum Bastard ditto c.m. 251 ——- compactum Compact ditto c.m.

DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

252 Sophora flavescens Siberian Sophora l.b. 253 ———- alopecuroides Fox-tail ditto l.b. 254 ———- australis Blue Australian ditto l.b. 255 ———- alba White ditto l.b. 256 Cassia marilandica Maryland Cassia l. 257 Dictamnus rubra Fraxinella c.m.

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.

258 Saxifraga crassifolia Oval-leaved Saxifrage c.m. 259 ————- cordifolia Heart-leaved ditto c.m. 260 ————- Geum Kidney-leaved ditto c.m. 261 ————- geranoides Crane's-bill-leaved ditto c.m. 262 ————- pensylvanica Pennsylvanian ditto l.b. 263 ————- hieracifolia Hawkweed-leaved ditto c.m. 264 Gypsophila paniculata Panicled Gypsophila c.m. 265 ————— altissima Tall ditto c.m. 266 Dianthus barbatus Common Sweet William c.m. 267 ———— hybridus Mule Pink c.m. 268 ———— superbus Superb ditto c.m.

DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

269 Cucabulus viscosus Clammy Bladder Campion c.m. 270 ————- tataricus Tartarian ditto c.m. 271 ————- stellatus Starry ditto l.b. 272 Silene longiflora Long-flowered Catchfly c.m.

DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

273 Sedum majus Great Stonecrop c.m. 274 ——- Aizoon Yellow ditto c.m. 275 Agrostemma coronaria Common Rose Campion c.m. 276 ————— Flos Jovis Umbell'd ditto c.m. 277 Lychnis chalcedonia Scarlet Lychnis c.m. 278 Cerastium repens Creeping Mouse-ear Chickweed c.m. 279 ————- dioicum Spanish ditto c.m. 280 ————- tomentosum Wooly-leaved ditto c.m. 281 ————- sufruticosum Shrubby ditto c.m. 282 ————- strictum Upright ditto c.m.

DECANDRIA DECAGYNIA.

283 Phytolacca decandra Branching Phytolacca l.b.

DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

284 Lythrum virgatum Fine-branched Willow-herb c.m.

DODECANDRIA DIGYNIA.

285 Agrimonia odorata Sweet-scented Agrimony c.m. 286 ————- repens Creeping ditto c.m. 287 ————- Agrimonoides Three-leaved ditto c.m.

DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

288 Euphorbia coralloides Coral-stalk'd Spurge l. 289 ————- pilosa Hairy ditto l. 290 ————- Esula Gromwell-leaved ditto l. 291 ————- falcata Sickle-leaved ditto l. 292 ————- Cyparissias Cypress ditto c.m. 293 ————- palustris Marsh ditto l.b. 294 ————- verrucosa Warted ditto l. 295 ————- multicorymbosa Flax-leaved ditto c.m.

DODECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

296 Spiraea Aruncus Goat's-beard Meadow Sweet c.m. 297 ——— lobata Lobe-leaved ditto l. 298 ——— trifoliata Three-leaved ditto l.b.

ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

299 Fragaria monophylla One-leaved Strawberry c.m. 300 ———— virginiana Virginian ditto c.m. 301 ———— grandiflora Pine ditto c.m. 302 ———— chiliensis Chili or White ditto c.m. 303 Potentilla pensylvanica Pensylvanian Cinquefoil c.m. 304 ————— recta Upright ditto c.m. 305 ————— hirta Hairy ditto c.m. 306 ————— mutlifida Cut-leaved ditto c.m. 307 ————— norwegica Norway ditto c.m. 308 Potentilla grandiflora Great-flowered Cinquefoil c.m. 309 ————— monspeliensis Montpelier ditto c.m. 310 Geum virginicum Virginian Avens c.m. 311 —— strictum Upright ditto c.m. 312 —— potentilloides Cinquefoil ditto c.m. 313 —— montanum Mountain ditto c.m.

POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

314 Actea racemosa American Herb-Christopher c.m. 315 Podophyllum peltatum Duck's-foot, or May-apple c.m. 316 Chelidonium laciniatum Cut-leaved Celandine c.m. 317 Papaver orientale Oriental Poppy c.m.

POLYANDRIA DIGYNIA.

318 Paeonia coralloides Female Paeony l. 319 ——— humilis Dwarf ditto l. 320 ——— albiflora White-flowered ditto l. 321 ——— officinalis Common or Male ditto c.m. 322 ——— tenuiflora Fine-leaved ditto c.m. 323 ——— fimbriata Fringed-flowered ditto c.m. 324 ——— anomala Siberian ditto c.m.

POLYANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

325 Delphinium intermedium Palmate-leaved Bee Larkspur c.m. 326 ————— hybridum Bastard ditto l. 327 ————— elatum Common ditto c.m. 328 ————— exaltatum American ditto c.m. 329 ————— grandiflorum Large-flowered ditto c.m. 330 Aconitum Lycoctonum Great Yellow Wolf's-bane c.m. 331 ————- Napellus Common Blue Wolf's-bane c.m. 332 ————- pyrenaicum Pyrenean ditto c.m. 333 ————- japonicum Japan ditto l.b. 334 ————- Anthora Wholesome ditto c.m. 335 ————- variegatum Variegated ditto c.m. 336 ————- ochroleucum Tall ditto c.m. 337 ————- album White-flowered ditto l. 338 ————- volubile Twining ditto l.b. 339 ————- uncinatum Hook-seeded ditto c.m. 340 ————- Cammarum Purple ditto c.m.

POLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

341 Aquilegia canadensis Canadian Columbine c.m. 342 ————- montana Mountain ditto l. 343 ————- sibirica Siberian ditto l. 344 ————- viridiflora Green-flowered ditto l.

POLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

345 Anemone pratensis Meadow Anemone l.b. 346 Anemone coronaria Common Garden ditto l. 347 ———- sylvestris Snow-drop ditto c.m. 348 ———- virginiana Virginian ditto c.m. 349 ———- pensylvanica Pensylvanian ditto c.m. 350 Clematis recta Upright Virgin's-Bower c.m. 351 ———— ochroleuca Yellow ditto l. 352 ———— viorna Leathery-flowered ditto l. 353 ———— integrifolia Intire-leaved ditto c.m. 354 Thalictrum aquilegifolium Feathered Columbine c.m. 355 ————— simplex Simple-stalked ditto c.m. 356 ————— lucidum Shining-leaved Meadow Rue c.m. 357 ————— nigricans Black-flowered ditto c.m. 358 ————— elatum Tall ditto c.m. 359 ————— foetidum Stinking ditto c.m. 360 ————— purpurascens Purple-stalked ditto c.m. 361 ————— medium German ditto c.m. 362 ————— atropurpureum Dark-purple-flowered ditto c.m. 363 ————— rugosum Rough-leaved ditto c.m. 364 ————— dioicum Dioicous ditto c.m. 365 ————— sibiricum Siberian ditto c.m. 366 ————— tuberosum Tubrous-rooted ditto c.m. 367 ————— angustifolium Narrow-leaved ditto c.m. 368 ————— contortum Twisted-stalked ditto c.m. 369 ————— Cornuti Canadian ditto c.m. 370 Thalictrum speciosum Glaucous-leaved Meadow Rue c.m. 371 Ranunculus aconitifolius Fair Maids of France c.m. 372 ————— platanifolius Plane-leaved Ranunculus c.m. 373 ————— illyricus Illyrian ditto l.b. 374 ————— asiaticus Common Persian ditto c.m. 375 Trollius asiaticus Asiatic Globe-flower l.b.s. 376 ———— americanus American ditto l.b.s. 377 Helleborus niger Christmas Rose l.s. 378 ————— lividus Livid Hellebore l.b.s.

DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMA.

379 Teucrium lucidum Shining-leaved Germander c.m. 380 ———— multiflorum Many-flowered ditto c.m. 381 Hyssopus nepetoides Square-stalked Hyssop l. 382 Nepeta pannonica Hungarian Cat-Mint c.m. 383 ——— incana Hoary ditto c.m. 384 ——— violacea Violet-flowered ditto c.m. 385 ——— Nepetella Small ditto c.m. 386 ——— nuda Spanish ditto c.m. 387 ——— tuberosa Tuberous-rooted ditto c.m. 388 Sideritis hyssopifolia Hyssop-leaved Iron-wort l. 389 ————- scordioides Crenated ditto l. 390 ————- hirsuta Hairy ditto 391 Mentha crispa Curled-leaved Mint c.m. 392 Mentha niliaca White Mint c.m. 393 ——— auriculata Ear-leaved ditto c.m. 394 Lamium Orvala Balm-leaved Archangel l. 395 ——— rugosum Wrinkled-leaved ditto c.m. 396 ——— garganicum Wolly ditto c.m. 397 ——— molle Pellitoria-leaved ditto c.m. 398 Betonica stricta Danish Betony c.m. 399 ———- incana Hoary ditto c.m. 400 ———- orientalis Oriental ditto c.m. 401 ———- hirsuta Hairy ditto c.m. 402 Stachys circinata Blunt-leaved Stachys c.m. 403 ———- lanata Woolly-leaved ditto c.m. 404 ———- cretica Cretan ditto c.m. 405 ———- recta Upright ditto c.m. 406 Marrubium supinum Procumbent Base Horehound c.m. 407 ————- hispanicum Spanish ditto c.m. 408 ————- peregrinum Saw-leaved ditto c.m. 409 Phlomis tuberosa Tuberous-rooted Phlomis c.m. 410 ———- Herba venti Rough-leaved ditto l.b. 411 Origanum hybridum Bastard ditto l.b. 412 ———— heracloticum Winter ditto c.m. 413 Thymus virginicus Virginian Thyme l. 414 Melissa grandiflora Great-flowered Balm c.m. 415 ———- graeca Grecian ditto c.m. 416 Dracocephalum virginicum Virginian Dragon's-head l. 417 ——————- ruyschianum Hyssop-leaved ditto c.m. 418 ——————- sibiricum Siberian ditto c.m. 419 Scutellaria albida Hairy Skull-cap c.m. 420 —————- integrifolia Entire-leaved ditto l.b. 421 —————- lupulina Great-flowered ditto l.b.

DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.

422 Chelone glabra White-flowered Chelone l.b. 423 ———- obliqua Red ditto l.b. 424 ———- ruelloides Scarlet ditto l.b. 425 ———- formosa Tall ditto l.b. 426 Antirrhinum purpureum Purple Toad-flax c.m. 427 —————- genistifolium Broom-leaved ditto l. 428 —————- triornithophorum Whorl-leaved ditto l.b. 429 Scrophularia betonicaefolia Betony-leaved Figwort l. 430 —————— orientalis Oriental ditto l. 431 Digitalis lutea Yellow Foxglove c.m. 432 ————- ambigua Great ditto c.m. 433 ————- ferruginea Iron-coloured ditto c.m. 434 Dodartia orientalis Eastern Dodartia l. 435 Penstemon pubescens American Penstemon l.b. 436 ———— Iaevigatum Smooth-leaved ditto l.b. 437 Mimulus ringens Oblong-leaved Monkey-flower l. 438 Mimulus guttatus Yellow Monkey-flower l.b. 439 Acanthus mollis Smooth Bear's-Breech c.m. 440 ———— spinosa Prickly ditto c.m.

TETRADYNAMIA SILICULOSA.

441 Myagrum perenne Perennial Gold-of-Pleasure c.m. 442 Cochlearia Draba Draba-leaved Scurvy-Grass c.m. 443 Iberis sempervirens Evergreen Candy-Tuft c.m. 444 Alyssum saxatile Shrubby Madwort c.m. 445 Lunaria rediviva Perennial Honesty c.m.

TETRADYNAMIA SILIQUOSA.

446 Sisymbrium strictissimum Spear-leaved Sisymbrium c.m. 447 Hesperis matronalis Single Garden Rocket c.m. 448 Bunias orientalis Oriental Bunias c.m.

MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

449 Geranium aconitifolium Aconite-leaved Crane's-bill c.m. 450 ———— angulosum Angular-stalked ditto c.m. 451 ———— maculatum Spotted ditto c.m. 452 ———— macorhizum Long-rooted ditto c.m. 453 ———— palustre Marsh ditto l. 454 ———— reflexum Reflexed-flowered ditto c.m. 455 ———— striatum Striped-flowered ditto c.m. 456 ———— lividum Wrinkled ditto c.m.

MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

457 Althaea cannabina Hemp-leaved Marsh-Mallow c.m. 458 Lavatera thuringiacea Large-flowered Lavatera c.m. 459 Alcea rosa Common Holyoak c.m. 460 Hibiscus palutris Marsh Hibiscus l.b. 461 Kitiabella vitifolia Vine-leaved Kitiabella c.m.

DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.

462 Ononis antiquorum Tall Rest-Harrow l. 463 Lupinus perennis Perennial Lupine l.b. 464 Glycine Apios Tuberous-rooted Glycine l. 465 Orobus Lathyroides Upright Bitter-Vetch c.m. 466 ——— angustifolius Narrow-leaved ditto l.b. 467 ——— niger Black-flowered ditto c.m. 468 ——— vernus Spring ditto l. 469 Lathyrus tuberosus Tuberous-rooted Lathyrus c.m. 470 ———— heterophyllus Various-leaved ditto c.m. 471 ———— pisiformis Siberian ditto c.m. 472 Vicia pisiformis Pale-flowered Vetch c.m. 473 Glycyrrhiza echinata Prickly-leaved Liquorice c.m. 474 —————- glabra Common ditto c.m. 475 Coronilla varia Purple Coronilla c.m. 476 Hedysarum canadense Canada Saintfoin c.m. 477 Galega officinalis Officinal Goat's-rue c.m. 478 ——— montana Mountain ditto l.b. 479 Phaca alpina Alpine Phaca, or Bastard-Vetch l.b. 480 Astralagus alopecuroides Foxtail Milk-Vetch l.b. 481 ————- virescens Green-flowered ditto c.m. 482 ————- galegiformis Goat's-rue-leaved ditto c.m. 483 ————- Cicer Bladder-podded ditto l.b. 484 ————- Onobrichis Purple-spiked ditto c.m. 485 Trifolium hybridum Bastard Trefoil, or Clover c.m. 486 ————- rubens Long-spiked ditto c.m. 487 ————- alpestre Oval-spiked ditto c.m. 488 ————- Lupinaster Bastard Lupine c.m. 489 Lotus maritimus Sea Bird's-foot Trefoil c.m. 490 Medicago Karstiensis Creeping-rooted Medick c.m. 491 ———— prostrata Procumbent ditto c.m.

POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA.

492 Hypericum calycinum Great-flowered St. John's-wort c.m.s. 493 ————- perfoliatum Perfoliate ditto c.m.s. 494 ————- Ascyron Red-leavedditto c.m.s.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA AEQUALIS.

495 Scorzonera hispanica Spanish Viper's-grass c.m. 496 Sonchus sibiricus Siberian Sow-thistle c.m. 497 Prenanthes purpurea Purple Prenanthes l. 498 Hieracium amplexicaule Heart-leaved Hawkweed c.m. 499 ————- pyrenaicum Pyrenean ditto c.m. 500 Crepis pontica Roman Crepis c.m. 501 Catananche caerulea Blue Catananche c.m. 502 Serratula praealta Tall Saw-wort c.m. 503 ————- coronata Lyre-leaved ditto c.m. 504 ————- spicata Spike-flowered ditto b.l. 505 Carduus canus Hoary Thistle c.m. 506 ———- ciliatus Ciliated ditto c.m. 507 ———- tuberosus Tuberous-rooted ditto c.m. 508 ———- serratuloides Saw-wort ditto c.m. 509 Cnicus oleraceus Pale-flowered Cnicus c.m. 510 ——— ferox Prickly ditto c.m. 511 ——— centauroides Centaury ditto c.m. 512 Cynara Scolymus French Artichoke c.m. 513 Carthamus corymbosus Umbelled Carthamus l.b. 514 Carline acaulis Stemless Carline l.b.s. 515 Cacalia hastata Spear-leaved Cacalia c.m. 516 ——— suaveolens Sweet-scented ditto c.m. 517 ——— saracenica Creeping-rooted ditto c.m. 518 Eupatorium maculatum Spotted Eupatorium c.m. 519 ————— altissimum Tall ditto c.m. 520 Eupatorium trifoliatum Three-leaved Eupatorium c.m. 521 ————— perfoliatum Perfoliate ditto l.b. 522 ————— Ageratoides Nettle-leaved ditto b.l. 523 Chrysocoma linosyris German Goldy-locks c.m. 524 ————— biflora Two-flowered ditto c.m.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.

525 Tanacetum macrophyllum Various-leaved Tansy c.m. 526 ————- Balsamita Cost-Mary c.m. 527 Artemisia Abrotanum Common Southernwood c.m. 528 ————- santonicum Tartarian ditto or Wormseed c.m. 529 ————- pontica Roman ditto c.m. 530 ————- Dracunculus Tarragon c.m. 531 Conyza linifolia Flax-leaved Flea-bane c.m. 532 Tussilago paradoxa Downy-leaved Coltsfoot c.m. 533 ————- lobata Lobated ditto c.m. 534 ————- alba White ditto c.m. 535 Senecio luridus Dingy-coloured Groundsel c.m. 536 ———- coriaceus Thick-leaved ditto c.m. 537 Dahlia superflua Purple Dahlia c.m. 538 ——— v. rosea c.m. 539 ——— frustranea Red ditto c.m. 540 ——— v. lutea Yellow ditto c.m. 541 ——— v. violacea Violet ditto c.m. 542 Boltonia asteroides Aster-leaved Boltonia c.m. 543 Aster hyysopifolius Hyssop-leaved Aster c.m. 544 ——- dumosus Purple-flowered ditto c.m. 545 ——- ericoides Heath-leaved ditto c.m. 546 ——- multiflorus Many-flowered ditto c.m. 547 ——- linearifolus Linear-leaved ditto c.m. 548 ——- foliolosus Many-leaved ditto c.m. 549 ——- salicifolius Willow-leaved ditto c.m. 550 ——- linifolius Flax-leaved ditto c.m. 551 ——- rigidus Rough-leaved ditto c.m. 552 ——- acris Biting ditto c.m. 553 ——- umbellatus Umbel'd ditto c.m. 554 ——- novae anglicae New England ditto c.m. 555 ——- grandiflorus Great-flowered ditto c.m. 556 ——- patens Spreading ditto c.m. 557 ——- aestivus Labrador ditto c.m. 558 ——- undulatus Wave-leaved ditto c.m. 559 ——- concolor Woolly ditto c.m. 560 ——- Amellus Italian ditto c.m. 561 ——- sibiricus Siberian ditto c.m. 562 ——- flexuosus Bending-stalk'd ditto c.m. 563 ——- divaricatus Divaricated ditto c.m. 564 ——- longifolius Long-leaved ditto c.m. 565 ——- cordifolius Heart-leaved ditto c.m. 566 Aster corymbosus Purple-stalk Aster c.m. 567 ——- paniculatus Smooth-stalked panicled ditto c.m. 568 ——- puniceus Small Purple-stalked ditto c.m. 569 ——- laevis Smooth ditto c.m. 570 ——- novi belgii New-Holland ditto c.m. 571 ——- Tradescanti Tradescant's ditto c.m. 572 ——- pendulus Pendulous ditto c.m. 573 ——- diffusus Diffuse red-flowered ditto c.m. 574 ——- divergens Spreading downy-leaved ditto c.m. 575 ——- tardiflorus Spear-leaved ditto c.m. 576 ——- spectabilis Showy ditto c.m. 577 ——- mutabilis Variable ditto c.m. 578 ——- macrophyllus Broad-leaved-white ditto c.m. 579 ——- fragilis Brittle ditto c.m. 580 ——- junceus Slender-stalked ditto c.m. 581 ——- elegans Elegant ditto c.m. 582 ——- glaberrimus Smooth ditto c.m. 583 ——- lucidus Shining ditto c.m. 584 ——- sessiliflorus Sessil-flowered ditto c.m. 585 ——- altissimus Tallest ditto c.m. 586 Solidago viminea Twiggy Golden Rod c.m. 587 ———— mexicana Mexican ditto c.m. 588 ———— sempervirens Narrow-leaved Evergreen do. c.m. 589 ———— elliptica Oval-leaved ditto c.m. 590 ———— stricta Willow-leaved ditto c.m. 591 ———— latifolia Broad-leaved ditto c.m. 592 ———— laevigata Fleshy-leaved ditto c.m. 593 ———— caesia Maryland ditto c.m. 594 ———— lateriflora Red-stalked ditto c.m. 595 ———— altissima Tall ditto c.m. 596 ———— arguta Sharp Notched ditto c.m. 597 ———— canadensis Canadian ditto c.m. 598 ———— procera Great ditto c.m. 599 ———— reflexa Reflexed ditto c.m. 600 ———— lanceolata Grass-leaved ditto c.m. 601 ———— serotina Upright ditto c.m. 602 ———— nemoralis Woolly-stalked ditto c.m. 603 ———— bicolor Two-cloured ditto c.m. 604 ———— aspera Rough-leaved ditto c.m. 605 ———— flexicaulis Crooked-stalked ditto c.m. 606 ———— ambigua Angular-stalked ditto c.m. 607 ———— rigida Hard-leaved ditto c.m. 608 Cineraria sibirica Heart-leaved Cineraria c.m. 609 Inula squarrosa Net-leaved Inula c.m. 610 ——- salicina Willow-leaved ditto l.b. 611 ——- ensifolia Sword-leaved ditto c.m. 612 Helenium autumnale Smooth Helenium c.m. 613 Chrysanthemum corymbosum Large White Chrysanthemum c.m. 614 Chrysanthemum indicum Purple Indian Chrysanthemum c.m. 615 ——————- millefoliatum Tansy-leaved ditto c.m. 616 ——————- v. ——- a Quilled White. 617 ——————- v. ——- b Double White. 618 ——————- v. ——- c Bright Yellow. 619 ——————- v. ——- d Straw-coloured 620 ——————- v. ——- e Quilled Straw-coloured. 621 ——————- v. ——- f Purple Quilled. 622 ——————- v. ——- g Lilac-coloured. 623 ——————- v. ——- h Spanish brown. 624 ——————- v. ——- i Copper-coloured. 625 ——————- v. ——- j Quilled Lilac. 626 Achillea alpina Alpine Millefoil or Maudlin c.m. 627 ———— cristata Slender-branched ditto c.m. 628 ———— serrata Saw'd-leaved ditto c.m. 629 ———— impatiens Impatient ditto c.m. 630 ———— santolina Lavender-Cotton-leaved ditto c.m. 631 ———— tanacetifolia Tansy-leaved ditto c.m. 632 ———— nobilis Showy ditto c.m. 633 ———— abrotanifolia Southernwood-leaved ditto c.m. 634 Buphthalmum grandiflorum Great-flowered Ox-eye l. 635 —————- salicifolium Willow-leaved ditto l.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA FRUTRANEA.

636 Helianthus multiflorus Perennial Sun-flower c.m. 637 ————— tuberosus Jerusalem Artichoke c.m. 638 ————— divaricatus Rough-leaved Sun-flower c.m. 639 ————— decapetalus Ten-petal'd ditto c.m. 640 ————— altissimus Tall ditto c.m. 641 ————— giganteus Gigantic ditto c.m. 642 Rudbeckia laciniata Broad-jagged-leaved Rudbeckia c.m. 643 ————- digitata Narrow-jagged-leaved do. c.m. 644 ————- fulgida Bright purple do. l.b. 645 ————- purpurea Common purple do. l.b. 646 Coreopsis verticillata Whorl-leaved Coreopsis c.m. 647 ————- tripteris Three leaved ditto c.m. 648 ————- aurea Hemp-leaved ditto c.m. 649 Coreopsis procera Tall Coreopsis c.m. 650 ————- alternifolia Alternate-leaved ditto c.m. 651 ————- auriculata Ear-leaved ditto c.m. 652 ————- minima Least ditto l.b. 653 Centaurea Cenaureum Great Centaury c.m. 654 ————- alpina Alpine ditto l.b. 655 ————- montana Mountain ditto c.m. 656 ————- sempervirens Evergreen ditto c.m. 657 ————- sibirica Siberian ditto c.m. 658 ————- phrygia Austrian ditto c.m. 659 Centaurea glastifolia Woad-leaved Centaury l.b. 661 ————- rhapontica Swiss ditto l.b. 662 ————- sonchifolia Sow-thistle-leaved ditto l.b. 663 ————- aurea Great Yellow ditto l.b.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA.

664 Silphium scabrum Rough-leaved Silphium c.m. 665 ———— terebinthinum Broad-leaved ditto c.m. 666 ———— perfoliatum Perfoliate ditto c.m. 667 ———— connatum Round-stalked ditto c.m. 668 ———— Asteriscus Hairy-stalked ditto c.m. 669 ———— trifoliatum Three-leaved ditto c.m.

SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SEGREGATA.

670 Echinops Ritro Small Globe Thistle c.m. 671 ———— sphaerocephalus Great ditto c.m.

SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.

672 Lobelia Cardinalis Scarlet Cardinal flower l. 673 ———- siphylitica Blue ditto l.

GYNANDRIA TRIANDRIA.

674 Sisyrinchium striatum Striated Sisyrinchium l.

GYNANDRIA POLYANDRIA.

675 Arum Dracunculus Long-sheathed Arum c.m. 676 —— venosum Varied ditto c.m.

MONOECIA PENTANDRIA.

677 Parthenium integrifolium Intire-leaved Parthenium c.m. 678 Urtica nivea Snowy Nettle c.m.

DIOECIA HEXANDRIA.

669 Smilax herbacea Herbaceous Smilax b.l.s.

DIOECIA DODECANDRIA.

680 Datisca cannabina Bastard Hemp c.m.

DIOECIA MONADELPHIA.

681 Napaea laevis Smooth Napaea l.b. 682 ——- scabra Rough ditto c.m.

POLYGAMIA MONOECIA.

683 Veratrum album White Hellebore l.b.s. 684 ———— nigrum Dark-flowered Veratrum l.b.s.

* * * * *

SECTION XVIII.-HARDY ANNUAL FLOWERS.



These are cultivated by sowing their seeds, in the months of March or April, in the places where they are to remain and flower during the summer months.



ENGLISH NAMES. LATIN NAMES.

1 Alyssum sweet Alyssum halimifolium 2 Alkekengi Physalis Alkakengi 3 Arctotus annual Arctotus anthemoides 4 Argemone or Devil's Fig Argemone mexicana 5 Asphodel annual Anthericum anuum 6 Aster China quilled 7 ——- red Aster chinensis 8 ——- white Aster chinensis 9 ——- purple Aster chinensis 10 —— superb Aster chinensis 11 —— Bonnet Aster chinensis 12 —— striped Aster chinensis 13 Balm Moldavian Dracocephalon moldavicum 14 —— white Dracocephalon moldavicum 15 —— hoary Dracocephalon moldavicum 16 Belvidera Chenopodium Scoparium 17 Bladder Ketmia Hibiscus trionum 18 Candytuft purple Iberis umbellata 19 ————- white Iberis umbellata 20 ————- Normandy Iberis umbellata 21 Caterpillar Scorpiurus vermiculata 22 Catchfly pendulous Silene pendula 23 ———— Lobel's Armeria 24 Cyanus major Centaurea Crupina 25 ——— minor Centaurea Cyanus 26 Clary purple topped Salvia Hormium 27 ——- Red ditto Salvia Hormium 28 Chrysamthemum white-quill'd Chrysamthemum coronarium 29 —————- yellow ditto Chrysamthemum tricolor 30 Hawkweed red Crepis rubra 31 ———— yellow Crepis barbata 32 Hedgehogs Medicago polymorpha, v. intertexta 33 Honeywort great Cerinthe major 34 ————- small Cerinthe minor 35 Indian Corn Zea mays 36 Jacobaea Senecio elegans 37 Larkspur Tall Rocket Delphinium Ajacis 38 ———— Dwarf Rocket Delphinium Ajacis 39 ———— Rose Larkspur Delphinium Ajacis 40 ———— Branching ditto Delphinium Ajacis 41 Lavatera Red Lavatera trimestris 42 ———— white Lavatera trimestris 43 Lobel's Catchfly red Silene armeria 44 ———————— white Silene armeria 45 Love-lies-bleeding Amaranthus caudatus 46 Lupine yellow Lupinus luteus 47 ——— straw-coloured Lupinus luteus 48 ——— large blue Lupinus hirsutus 49 ——— small ditto Lupinus varius 50 ——— rose Lupinus pilosus 51 ——— blue Dutch Lupinus var 52 ——— white Lupinus albus 53 Mallow-curled Malva crispa 54 Marigold French Tagetes patula 55 ———— African Tagetes erecta 56 ———— small cape Calendula pluvialis 57 ———— great Cape Calendula hybrida 58 ———— starry Calendula stellata 59 Mignionette Reseda odorata 60 Nasturtium great Tropaeolum majus 61 ————— small Tropaeolum minus 62 Nettle Roman Urtica pilulifera 63 Nigella Roman Nigella Romana 64 ———- Spanish Nigella Hispanica 65 ———- small Nigella sativa 66 Nolana Trailing Noalan prostrata 67 Noli-me-Tangere Impatiens Noli-me-Tangere 68 Oenothera purple Oenothera purpurea 69 Pea sweet purple Lathyrus odoratus 70 ————- scarlet Lathyrus odoratus 71 ————- white Lathyrus odoratus 72 ————- black Lathyrus odoratus 73 ————- striped Lathyrus odoratus 74 ————- painted lady Lathyrus odoratus 75 Pea jointed-podded Lathyrus articulatus 76 —- Anson's Lathyrus magellanicus 77 —- Painted Lady Crown Lathyrus sativus 78 —- Tangier scarlet Lathyrus tingitanus 79 —- purple Lathyrus tingitanus 80 —- red-winged Lotus tetragonolobus 81 —- yellow ditto Lotus tetragonolobus 82 Persicaria red Polygonum orientale 83 ————— white Polygonum orientale 84 Poppy carnation Papaver somniferum 85 ——- dwarf Rhoeas 86 Quaking-grass Briza maxima 87 Saltwort Rose Salsola rosacea 88 Scabious starry Scabiosa stellata 89 Snails Medicago scutella 90 Soapwort Saponaria Vaccaria 91 Stock purple 10-week Cheiranthus annuus 92 ——- scarlet 10-week Cheiranthus annuus 93 ——- white 10-week Cheiranthus annuus 94 ——- white Prussian Cheiranthus annuus 95 ——- purple ditto Cheiranthus annuus 96 Stock Virginian white Cheiranthus maritimus 97 ———————- red Cheiranthus annuus 98 Stramonium purple Datula Tatula 99 ————— white Datula stramonium 100 Spinage strawberry Blitum virgatum 101 Sunflower tall Helianthus annuus 102 ————- dwarf Helianthus annuus 103 ————- double Helianthus annuus 104 Sultan sweet purple Centaurea moschata 105 ——— white Centaurea moschata 106 ——— yellow Centaurea suaveolens 107 Toadflax three-leaved Antirrhinium triphyllum 108 Trefoil crimson Trifolium incarnatum 109 Venus's Looking-glass Campanula speculum 110 ——-Navelwort Cynoglossum linifolium 111 Xeranthemum yellow shining Xeranthemum lucidum 112 —————- white Xeranthemum annuum 113 —————- purple double Xeranthemum annuum 114 Zinnia yellow Zinnia pauciflora 115 ——— red Zinnia multiflora 116 ——— elegant Zinnia elegans 117 ——— violet-coloured Zinnia tenniflora 118 ——— whorl-leaved Zinnia verticillata

* * * * *

SECTION XIX.-BIENNIAL FLOWERS.

Biennial Flowers, i.e. such as do not bloom the same year they are raised from seeds.

These should be sown in the month of May or June, and let remain in the place till the month of September, when they should be planted into beds, and in the following spring placed out where they are to flower.



1 Canterbury Bells Campanula media 2 Iron-coloured Foxglove Digitalis ferruginea 3 Hollyoak Alcea rosa 4 Honesty Lunaria rediviva 5 Stocks red Brompton Cheiranthus incanus 6 ——— white ditto Cheiranthus incanus 7 ——— purple ditto Cheiranthus incanus 8 ——— Queen Cheiranthus incanus 9 ——— Twickenham Cheiranthus incanus 10 Wallflower Cheiranthus fruticulosus

* * * * *

SECTION XX.-TENDER ANNUAL FLOWERS.

Such as are usually sown in hot-beds in the months of February or March, and grown in the stove or green-house after the removal of the plants in the summer months, for which purpose they are very ornamental.



ENGLISH NAMES LATIN NAMES

1 Amaranthus three-coloured Amaranthus tricolor 2 ————— two-coloured ————— bicolor 3 ————— globe white Gomphrena globosa 4 ————— purple Gomphrena globosa 5 Balsam Impatiens Balsamita 6 ——— scarlet Impatiens coccinea 7 Striped double white 8 Browallia blue Browallia elata 9 ————- white Browallia elata 10 Cacalia scarlet Cacalia coccinea 11 Capsicum large red Capsicum annuum 12 ———— yellow Capsicum annuum 13 ———— small red horn Capsicum annuum 14 ———— yellow ditto Capsicum annuum 15 ———— cherry Capsicum annuum 16 ———— Cayenne Capsicum annuum 17 Calceolaria wing-leaved Calceolaria pinnata 18 Convolvulus large-flowered Convolvulus major 19 —————- minor —————- tricolor 20 Cockscomb dwarf Celosia cristata 21 ————- tall Celosia cristata 22 ————- branching Celosia cristata 23 ————- buff or yellow Celosia cristata 24 Egg plant white Solanum Melongena 25 ————- purple Solanum Melongena 26 Impomaea Scarlet Impomaea coccinea 27 ———- wing-leaved ———- Quamoclit 28 Ice plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum 29 Love apple Solanum Lycopersicum 30 Sensitive plant Mimosa pudica 31 Stramonium double purple Datura Metel 32 ————— Double white ——— v. flore albo

* * * * *

SECTION XXI.-FOREIGN ALPINE PLANTS.

ADAPTED TO THE DECORATION OF ROCK-WORK.



The following list comprises a number of plants of great beauty and interest; but, being in general too small for the open borders, are only to be preserved either in pots; planted in rock-work, or in such other places where they are not overgrown by plants of larger size. There are many others of a similar kind that we grow in gardens, but which, being difficult to keep, we have thought fit not to insert; as persons who try to cultivate such in the open ground have in general the mortification to find that they do not compensate for the care and trouble necessary for preserving them.



1 Ancistrum lucidum Shining Ancistrum b.l. 2 ————- laevigatum Smooth ditto b.l. 3 ————- latebrosum Hairy ditto b.l. 4 Veronica aphylla Naked-stalked Speedwell b.l. 5 ———— bellidoides Daisy-leaved ditto b.l.

TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

6 Trichonema Bulbocodium Crocus-leaved Trichonema b.l.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

7 Asperula crassifolia Thick-leaved Woodroofe b.l. 8 Houstonia caerulea Blue Houstonia l. 9 Mitchella repens Creeping Mitchella l. 10 Plantago alpina Alpine Plantain l. 11 ———— subulata Awl-leaved ditto l. 12 Cornus canadensis Herbaceous Dog-wood b. 13 Alchemilla pentaphylla Five-leaved Lady's Mantle b.l. 14 ————— argentata Silvery-leaved ditto b.l.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

15 Cynoglossum Omphaloides Blue Venus's Navelwort b.l. 16 Aretia vitaliana Primrose aretia l. 17 Androsace villosa Hairy Androsace l. 18 Primula cortusoides Bear's-ear Primrose b.l. 19 ——— villosa Hairy Primula b.l. 20 ——— nivea Snowy ditto b.l. 21 ——— marginata Margined ditto b.l. 22 ——— Auricula Common Yellow Auricula b.l. 23 ——— lonigfolia Long-leaved ditto b.l. 24 ——— helvetica Swiss ditto b.l. 25 Primula integrifolia Entire-leaved Auricula b.l. 26 Cortusa Mathioli Siberian Bear's-ear Sanicle b. 27 Soldanella alpina Alpine Soldanella b.l. 28 Dodecatheon Meadia American Cowslip b.l. 29 Cyclamen Coum Round-leaved Cyclamen l. 30 ———— hederaefolium Ivy-leaved ditto l. 31 Lysimachia dubia Purple Loosestrife l. 32 Phlox pilosa Hairy Lychnidea l. 33 ——- ovata Oval-leaved ditto l. 34 ——- suffruticosa Shrubby ditto l. 35 ——- stolonifera Creeping ditto l. 36 ——- subulata Awl-leaved ditto l. 37 ——- setacea Bristly ditto l. 38 Convulvulus lineatus Dwarf Bindweed l. 39 Campanulla pulla Dark-flowered Bell-flower b.l. 40 ————— carpatica Carpasian ditto b.l. 41 ————— pumila Purple-dwarf ditto b.l. 42 ————— v. alba White-dwarf ditto b.l. 43 ————— nitida Shining-leaved ditto b.l. 44 ————— barbata Bearded ditto b.l. 45 ————— azurea Azure-coloured ditto b.l. 46 Phyteuma hemisphaerica Small Rampion b.l. 47 Verbascum Myconi Borage-leaved Mullein l.

PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

48 Gentiana acaulis Gentianella l. 49 ———— asclepiadea Swallow-wort Gentian l. 50 Bupleurum petraeum Rock Thorough-wax l.

PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

51 Telephium Imperati True Orphine l.

PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.

52 Statice cordata Heart-leaved Thrift l. 53 ———- flexuosa Zigzag ditto l. 54 Linum flavum Yellow Flax l. 55 ——- austriacum Austrian ditto l.

HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

56 Convallaria bifolia Two-leaved Lilly of the Valley l.b.

HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

57 Trillium cernuum Drooping-flowered Trillium b. 58 ———— sessile Sessile-flowered ditto b. 59 Helonias bullata Spear-leaved Helonias b. 60 ———— asphodeloides Grass-leaved ditto b.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

61 Rhexia mariana Hairy Rexia b. 62 Oenothera rosea Rose-flowered Tree Primrose l.b. 63 ————- pumila Dwarf Yellow ditto l.b. 64 Epilobium cordifolium Heart-leaved Willow-herb b.l.

OCTANDRIA DIGYNIA.

65 Moehringia muscosa Mossy Moehringia l.

DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.

66 Saxifraga Cotyledon Pyramidal Saxifrage l. 67 ————- Aizoon Margined ditto c.m. 68 ————- ligulata Strap-leaved ditto c.m. 69 ————- rosularis Rose-leaved ditto c.m. 70 ————- mutata House-leek ditto c.m. 71 ————- Androsace Blunt-leaved ditto c.m. 72 ————- caesia Gray ditto c.m. 73 ————- pilosa Hairy ditto c.m. 74 ————- sarmentosa Creping ditto c.m. 75 ————- cuneifolia Wedge-leaved ditto c.m. 76 ————- aspera Rough-leaved ditto c.m. 77 ————- rotundifolia Round-leaved ditto c.m. 78 ————- ajugaefolia Ground Pine-leaved ditto c.m. 79 ————- sibirica Siberian Pine-leaved ditto c.m. 80 ————- adscendens Ascending Saxifrage c.m. 81 ————- viscosa Clammy ditto c.m. 82 Tiarella cordifolia Heart-leaved Tiarella c.m. 83 Mitella diphylla Two-leaved Mitella c.m. 84 Gypsophila repens Creeping Gypsophila l.b. 85 ————— prostrata Trailing ditto l.b. 86 Saponaria acymoides Basil-leaved Soap-wort l. 87 ———— superbus Feathered ditto l. 88 ———— pungens Pungent ditto l. 89 ———— alpinus Alpine ditto l. 90 ———— capitatus Headed-flowered ditto l. 91 ———— glaucus Glaucous ditto l. 92 ———— virgineus Maiden ditto l.