CREEPERS. Family CERTHIIDAE

726. BROWN CREEPER. Certhia familiaris americana.

Range.—Eastern North America, breeding from the northern tier of states northward; winters in the United States.

These peculiar, weak-voiced Creepers are common in northern United States during the winter, when they may be seen slowly toiling up the tree trunks, searching the crannies of the bark for larvae. They make their nests behind loose hanging bark on old tree stubs, usually at low elevations, building them of twigs, bark, moss, etc., held together with cobwebs. The eggs, which are laid in May or June, are pure white, specked and spotted with reddish brown; they average in size .58 x .48. The nests are most often found under the loosened bark on coniferous trees.

726a. MEXICAN CREEPER. Certhia familiaris albescens.

Range.—Western Mexico north to southern Arizona.

The nesting habits of this brighter colored form are the same as those of the others.

726b. ROCKY MOUNTAIN CREEPER. Certhia familiaris montana.

Range.—Rocky Mountains, breeding from New Mexico to Alaska.

The eggs of this grayer variety cannot be distinguished from those of the eastern birds and the nests are in similar situations.

726c. CALIFORNIA CREEPER. Certhia familiaris occidentalis.

Range.—Pacific coast from southern California north to Alaska.

An abundant species, especially on mountain ranges, breeding behind the bark chiefly on pine trees. The eggs are not different from those of the others.

726d. SIERRA CREEPER. Certhia familiaris zelotes.

Range.—Sierra Nevada Mountains in California and the Cascade Range in Oregon.

Very similar to the last and with the same habits; eggs indistinguishable.



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NUTHATCHES AND TITS. Family SITTIDAE

727. WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH. Sitta carolinensis carolinensis.

Range.—United States east of the Rockies, breeding from the Gulf to southern Canada; resident throughout its range.

These birds are creepers, but unlike the last species, these run about on the trunks, either up or down; their tails are not pointed and stiffened like those of the Brown Creepers, and their plumage is gray and black above with a black crown, and white below. They nest in holes in trees, usually deep in the woods and at any elevation from the ground; they nearly always use deserted Woodpeckers' holes but are said at times to excavate their own, with great labor as their bills are little adapted for that work. They line the cavities with bark strips and hair or feathers, and during April or May, lay from four to nine white eggs, profusely specked with reddish brown and lilac. Size .80 x .60. Data.—Lancaster, Mass., May 16, 1902. Nest in hole in an oak tree, 45 feet above ground; made of fine strips of bark fibre and hair.

727a. SLENDER-BILLED NUTHATCH. Sitta carolinensis aculeata.

Range.—North America, west of the Rockies and from Mexico to British Columbia.

This species is as abundant in the west as the last is in the east, and nests in like situations. The eggs cannot be distinguished from those of the eastern birds.

727b. FLORIDA WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH. Sitta carolinensis atkinsi.

Range.—Florida and the South Atlantic coast to South Carolina.

The habits and eggs of these birds are like those of the northern ones.

727c. ROCKY MOUNTAIN NUTHATCH. Sitta carolinensis nelsoni.

Range.—Rocky Mountains from Mexico north to British Columbia.

Their nesting habits or eggs are not distinctive in any respect.

727d. SAN LUCAS NUTHATCH. Sitta carolinensis lagunae.

Range.—Mountain ranges of Lower California.

Said to be like aculeata but with the wings and tail slightly shorter.



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728. RED-BREASTED NUTHATCH. Sitta canadensis.

Range.—North America, breeding from the northern tier of states northward, and farther south in mountain ranges; winters south to southern United States.

This species is smaller than the last and has reddish brown underparts and a black stripe through the eye. The breeding habits are the same as those of the White-bellied variety, but these birds almost invariably coat the tree below the opening with pitch, for what purpose is unknown. They lay from four to six white eggs, numerously spotted with reddish brown; size, .60 x .50. Data.—Upton, Maine, June 21, 1898. Nest in hole of dead birch stub, 20 feet from the ground; made of strips of bark and a few feathers. 5 eggs.

729. BROWN-HEADED NUTHATCH. Sitta pusilla.

Range.—South Atlantic and Gulf States.

This species has a yellowish brown crown and whitish underparts. Their habits are like those of the other Nuthatches, they nesting in cavities at varying heights, from two to fifty feet from the ground. That they sometimes depart from the usual custom is evidenced by the data accompanying this egg. They lay from four to seven eggs, white with profuse markings of reddish brown; size .60 x .48. Data.—St. Mary's, Ga. Nest situated under the bark of an old dead pine stump, 4 feet from the ground; made of fine strips of bark.

730. PYGMY NUTHATCH. Sitta pygmaea pygmaea.

Range.—North America west of the Rockies, breeding from Mexico north to British Columbia. Resident throughout its range.

This species has an olive gray crown bordered by dusky, the back is ashy blue and the underparts soiled white or rusty. They are common in mountains of western United States, nesting in holes in trees the same as the other species of Nuthatches. They lay from five to nine eggs which are white, speckled thickly with reddish brown; size .60 x .50. Data.—Huachuca Mts., Arizona, May 25, 1901. Nest in cavity (10 inches deep) in dead pine stump about 15 feet from the ground; composed of a mass of vegetable down; altitude 9000 feet.



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730a. WHITE-NAPED NUTHATCH. Sitta pygmaea leuconucha.

Range.—Lower California.

Like the last but grayer above and white below. Its habits and eggs are the same as those of the Pygmy Nuthatch.

731. TUFTED TITMOUSE. Baeolophus bicolor.

Range.—Eastern United States, resident and breeding from the Gulf north to New York and Illinois.

This species has a grayish crest and upper parts, and is white beneath with brownish sides and black forehead. These common and noisy birds nest in natural cavities in trees or in holes deserted by Woodpeckers; they may be found at any elevation, from two to thirty feet from the ground. They line the bottom of the cavity with leaves, bark, fibres and hair, and during April or May lay five to eight white eggs, plentifully specked with reddish brown. Size .74 x .54.

732. BLACK-CRESTED TITMOUSE. Baeolophus atricristatus atricristatus.

Range.—Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas and southward.

This Titmouse has a black crest and the forehead is white; otherwise similar to the preceding. Like the last, these birds nest in deserted Woodpeckers' holes and natural cavities in trees, either in open woods or in the vicinity of habitations. Their eggs are sparsely spotted with reddish brown, and not usually distinguishable from those of the Tufted Titmouse. Size .70 x .54. Data.—Brownsville, Texas, May 11, 1892. Nest of moss, hair, down and wool in cavity in tree in open woods near town; 4 feet from the ground.



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733. PLAIN TITMOUSE. Baeolophus inornatus inornatus.

Range.—California and Oregon west of the Sierra Nevadas.

This common, slightly crested Titmouse is grayish brown above and grayish white below. They nest anywhere in cavities that meet with their approval, about old buildings, in fence posts, etc., as well as holes in trees. Their eggs range from five to eight in number and are white, usually spotted with pale brownish. Size .72 x .52. Data.—Tulare Co., California, April 3, 1895. Nest in an oak tree, 32 feet from the ground, in a natural cavity of a horizontal limb; composed of grasses, feathers and fur.

733a. GRAY TITMOUSE. Baeolophus inornatus griseus.

Range.—Southeastern United States, from Colorado and Nevada southward.

The nesting habits of this gray Titmouse are just the same as those of the other.

733b. ASHY TITMOUSE. Baeolophus inornatus cineraceus.

Range.—Southern Lower California.

The habits of this variety are the same as those of the Plain Titmouse and doubtless the eggs are also.

734. BRIDLED TITMOUSE. Baeolophus wollweberi.

Range.—Mexico north to southern Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas.

This handsome species is quite abundant in the mountains of southern Arizona, and nests in woods or about ranches, lining the cavities of trees with moss, down, leaves, etc. The three to seven eggs that they lay are pure white, unmarked. Size .65 x .52. Data.—Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, April 5, 1901. Nest in the natural cavity of a live oak, 12 feet from the ground; cavity lined with bark and feathers.

735. CHICKADEE. Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus.

Range.—Eastern North America, breeding from the Middle and Central States northward to Labrador; only migratory to a slight extent.

The Chickadee is too well known to need any description; suffice it to say that they are the favorites, with everybody, among all the North American birds. They breed in holes in trees in orchards or woods, and also in bird boxes. I have found by far the greater number in decayed birch stubs. They line the cavities with fine grasses and feathers, and during May or June lay from five to eight white eggs, dotted with reddish brown; size .55 x .45.



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735a. LONG-TAILED CHICKADEE. Penthestes ataricapillus septentrionalis.

Range.—Rocky Mountain region, north to British Columbia.

This variety is very similar to the last but has a slightly longer tail and the colors are purer. Its nesting habits are the same and the eggs are indistinguishable from those of the eastern Chickadee.

735b. OREGON CHICKADEE. Penthestes atricapillus occidentalis.

Range.—Pacific coast from California to Alaska.

The habits and eggs of this slightly darker variety are just the same as those of the common Chickadee of the east.

736. CAROLINA CHICKADEE. Penthestes carolinensis carolinensis.

Range.—Southern United States from the Gulf to New Jersey and Illinois.

The southern Chickadee is smaller than the northern and the wing coverts and feathers have little or no white edgings. Their nesting habits are in every particular the same as those of atricapillus and the eggs cannot be distinguished with certainty, but average smaller; size .53 x .43.

736a. PLUMBEOUS CHICKADEE. Penthestes carolinensis agilis.

Range.—Eastern and central Texas.

This variety is said to be more plumbeous above and much whiter below than the preceding. No differences can be found in the eggs of the two varieties and the nesting habits are the same.

737. MEXICAN CHICKADEE. Penthestes sclateri.

Range.—Mountains of western Mexico north to southern Arizona.

This species has the black more extended on the throat and the under parts are grayish of a lighter shade than the upper, the cheeks, however, remaining white. Their nests are in hollow stubs and the eggs are indistinguishable from those of the foregoing Chickadees.

738. MOUNTAIN CHICKADEE. Penthestes gambeli gambeli.

Range.—Rocky Mountain region and west to the Pacific; north to British Columbia chiefly in higher ranges.

This handsome little Titmouse has a white superciliary line, leaving a black stripe through the eye. Their habits are like those of the other Chickadees and they are equally confiding and inquisitive. Their eggs range from five to eight in number and are either pure white or faintly marked with reddish brown; size .60 x .45. Data.—Estes Park, Colorado, June 8, 1803. Nest in an old Sapsucker's hole in a live aspen tree, 28 feet from the ground; cavity lined with hair and fur.



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739. ALASKA CHICKADEE. Penthestes cinctus alascensis.

Range.—Northern Alaska and eastern Siberia.

This bird, which is most like the Hudsonian Chickadee, nests in the usual manner and its eggs are like those of the common Chickadee of the east.

740. HUDSONIAN CHICKADEE. Penthestes hudsonicus hudsonicus.

Range.—Western half of British America.

These brown capped Chickadees are very abundant throughout the northwest and are even tamer than our United States varieties. They usually make their nests at low elevations in dead and decayed stumps and line the bottom of the cavity, which varies from three to eight inches in depth, with moss and fur. Their eggs, which they lay in May, June or July, are white, specked with reddish brown and cannot with any certainty be distinguished from those of the Black-capped Chickadees, the eggs of all the species showing considerable variations; size .60 x .45.

740a. ACADIAN CHICKADEE. Penthestes hudsonicus littoralis.

Range.—Kowak River, northwest Alaska.

A larger and grayer form of the last species; nesting habits and eggs not differing.

740b. COLUMBIAN CHICKADEE. Penthestes hudsonicus columbianus.

Range.—Rocky Mountains from northern United States to Alaska.

Like hudsonicus but with the crown slaty instead of brownish. No difference can be distinguished either in their habits or eggs.

740c. CANADIAN CHICKADEE. Penthestes hudsonicus littoralis.

Range.—Eastern half of Canada and northern New England and New York.

These birds were formerly hudsonicus in company with the western ones, but they are now supposed to be a trifle smaller and with the crown duller; this division does not affect the similarity of their habits and eggs.



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741. CHESTNUT-BACKED CHICKADEE. Penthestes rufescens rufescens.

Range.—Pacific coast from Oregon to Alaska.

This species is similar to the Hudsonian in having a brown crown and black throat, but has in addition, a chestnut colored back and sides. They breed locally in Oregon, more commonly in Washington and are abundant in British Columbia, making the nests of animal fur in holes in dead stubs. Their eggs vary in number from five to eight and are creamy white, dotted with reddish; size .60 x .45. Data.—Dayton, Oregon, May 28, 1906. Nest of hair and fur in willow stub, 10 feet up.

741a. CALIFORNIA CHICKADEE. Penthestes rufescens neglectus.

Range.—Coast regions of California.

This variety is not as rufous on the sides as the more northern one. Its habits and eggs are the same.

741b. BARLOW'S CHICKADEE. Penthestes rufescens barlowi.

Range.—About Monterey Bay, California.

This variety is said to have no rusty on the flanks. Its habits and eggs are like those of the others.

742a. PALLID WREN-TIT. Chamaea fasciata henshawi.

Range.—Interior of California from Lower California to the Sacramento Valley.

This duller colored variety has the same nesting habits and similar eggs to those of the Coast Wren-tit.

742b. Coast Wren-Tit. Chamaea fasciata fasciata.

Range.—Pacific coast from southern California north to Oregon.

These peculiar brownish gray colored birds frequent the tangled underbrush of ravines and mountain sides where they lead the life of a recluse. They nest at low elevations in the densest thickets, making them of twigs, strips of bark, grasses and feathers, compactly woven together and located in bushes from one to four feet from the ground. They lay from three to five plain, unmarked, pure white eggs; size .75 x .54. Data.—Wrights, Cal. Nest in a tangle of vines in a deep ravine; composed of strips of bark, moss and grasses, lined with cattle hair; a bulky nest.

743. BUSH-TIT. Psaltriparus minimus minimus.

Range.—Pacific coast of northern California, Oregon and Washington.

These diminutive little birds build nests that are marvels of architecture, making long purse-like structures, suspended from twigs usually at low elevations from the ground. The nests are made of moss, lichens, fibres, ferns and grasses and lined with feathers or wool; the opening is on one side near the top, and a typical nest averages 12 inches in length, by 4.5 inches in diameter at the bottom and 3 at the top. Their eggs number from four to nine and are pure white; size .54 x .40. The birds are very active and have the same habits as the Chickadees, being seen often suspended, head downward, from the ends of twigs, in their search for insects.



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743a. CALIFORNIA BUSH-TIT. Psaltriparus minimus californicus.

Range.—California with the exception of the northern part.

This sub-species, which is like the last but with a lighter brown head, has the same habits, nests in the same manner and its eggs are not distinguishable from those of the others.

743b. GRINDA'S BUSH-TIT. Psaltriparus minimus grindae.

Range.—Southern Lower California.

The nesting habits of this variety, which is very similar to the last, do not vary in any respect; eggs indistinguishable.

744. LEAD-COLORED BUSH-TIT. Psaltriparus plumbeus.

Range.—Rocky Mountain region from Wyoming south to Arizona.

This species suspends its semi-pensile nests in bushes or trees, and some times from the mistletoe, which grows on numerous trees in southern Arizona. The nests are composed like those of the Cal. Bush-Tit and range from 6 to 10 inches in length. The eggs are white, five or six in number and measure .55 x .42.

745. LLOYD'S BUSH-TIT. Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi.

Range.—Northern Mexico north into western Texas and New Mexico.

This species is similar to the lead-colored Bush-Tit but has the ear coverts glossy black. Like the others, it builds a long pensile nest of similar material and suspended from the extremities of limbs near the ground The five to seven eggs are pure white. Size .58 x .42.



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746. VERDIN. Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps.

Range.—Mexican border of the United States, north to Colorado and Nevada.

This Bush-Tit has a bright yellow head and throat, the upper parts being gray and the belly, white. They are abundant in chaparral brush, locally throughout their range. Their large globular nests are situated in bushes at low elevations from the ground, and are made of twigs and weeds, softly lined with fur and feathers. Their three to six eggs are pale greenish blue, specked and dotted with reddish brown. Size .58 x .44. Data.—Brownsville, Texas, May 8, 1894. Large nest of sticks and thorns, lined with hair and feathers, and located in a bush in brush thicket, 8 feet from the ground.

746a. CAPE VERDIN. Auriparus flaviceps lamprocephalus.

Range.—Lower California.

This new sub-species is said to have shorter wings and tail, and also to be brighter yellow on the head. Its habits and eggs will not differ from those of the common Verdin or Yellow-headed Bush-Tit.

WARBLERS, KINGLETS and GNATCATCHERS. Family SYLVIIDAE

747. KENNICOTT'S WILLOW WARBLER. Acanthopneuste borealis.

Range.—Asia, casually found in Alaska.

This species breeds in the extreme northern parts of Asia, and I believe its eggs have never been found on this continent. They build their nests of moss and grasses, on the ground in open woods, concealing them under tufts of grass or tussocks of earth. The three to five eggs are white, spotted with pale reddish brown. Size .70 x .50.

748. GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET. Regulus satrapa satrapa.

Range.—North America, breeding from northern United States northward, and south in the Rockies to Mexico, and in the Alleghanies to the Carolinas; winters throughout the United States.

This rugged little fellow appears to be perfectly content in our northern states even during the most severe winters and leaves us early in the spring for his breeding grounds farther north. They are usually found in company with Chickadees and, like them, may be seen hanging to twigs in all sorts of positions as they search for their meagre fare. Their nests are large, round structures of green moss, bark strips and fine rootlets, very thickly lined with soft feathers; these are placed in forks or partially suspended among the branches of spruce trees, usually high above the ground. During June they lay from five to ten eggs of a dull whitish or grayish color, spotted heavily with pale brown and lilac. Size .55 x .42.



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748a. WESTERN GOLDEN-CROWNED KINGLET. Regulas satrapa olivaceus.

Range.—Pacific coast from southern California to Alaska.

This variety is said to be brighter colored than the last; its habits and eggs are the same in all particulars.

749. RUBY-CROWNED KINGLET. Regulus calendula calendula.

Range.—North America, breeding from the northern border of the United States northward, and farther south in mountain ranges; winters in southern United States.

This little bird is of the size of the Golden-crowned Kinglet (4.25 inches long) and has a partially concealed patch of red on the crown, not bordered by black and yellow as is the last species. Their nests are similar in construction to those of the last species and are situated in coniferous trees at any altitude from the ground. Their four to nine eggs are creamy white, finely specked with reddish brown. Size .56 x .44.



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749A. SITKA KINGLET. Regulas calendula grinnelli.

Range.—Pacific coast, breeding in Alaska.

Said to be brighter than the preceding variety.

749b. DUSKY KINGLET. Regulus calendula obscurus.

Range.—Guadalupe Island, Lower California.

This species nests during March in the large cypress and pine groves at high elevations above the ground. The nests are similar in construction to those of the common Ruby-crown, and the eggs are scarcely different from some specimens of that species; white, dotted and wreathed with reddish brown. Size .56 x .43.

751. BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER. Polioptila caerulea caerulea.

Range.—United States, east of the Rockies, breeding from the Gulf to the Middle and Central States; casually north to Massachusetts and Minnesota.

These graceful birds are bluish gray above with a black forehead and central tail feathers, and white underparts. They are common in wooded districts in the south, where they saddle their beautiful nests upon horizontal branches or in crotches usually at quite an elevation from the ground; they resemble large Ruby-throated Hummers' nests but the walls are much higher and thicker; they are made of plant fibres and down, lined with cottony substances and hair, and covered on the outside with lichens to match the limb upon which it is placed. Their eggs are bluish white, specked with reddish chestnut. Size .58 x .45. Data.—Chattanooga, Tenn., April 30, 1900. Nest of moss, covered with lichens and lined with hair and feathers; 20 feet from the ground in a small tree.

751a. WESTERN GNATCATCHER. Polioptila caerulea obscura.

Range.—Western United States and Lower California.

The habits and eggs of this sub-species are the same as those of the eastern bird, and the nests do not differ except, perhaps, in less ornamentation of the exterior.

752. PLUMBEOUS GNATCATCHER. Polioptila plumbea.

Range.—Mexican boundary from western Texas to southern California.

This species has a bright shining black crown and more black on the tail than the eastern Gnatcatcher. They saddle their nests upon the branches of trees or in upright forks, usually at an elevation of ten feet or more from the ground; the nests are made of plant fibres and fine bark strips, compactly felted together, and with little, if any, ornamental lichens on the exterior. Their eggs are pale greenish blue, spotted with reddish brown, and vary from three to five in number. Size .54 x .44.



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753. BLACK-TAILED GNATCATCHER. Polioptila californica.

Range.—Pacific coast of southern California and northern Lower California.

This bird is very similar to the last but has still less white on the outer tail feathers. Like the last, the nests of this species usually lack the exterior covering of lichens, being made of vegetable fibres and plant down, firmly quilted together and saddled on horizontal limbs or placed in forks of trees at any height from the ground. Their eggs are grayish white, specked with bright reddish brown. Size .55 x .44. Data.—Escondido, Cal., May 17, 1903. 5 eggs. Nest on a large limb of a sycamore, 30 feet above ground; made of weed fibres, etc., lined with hair and fine fibres.

THRUSHES, SOLITAIRES, BLUEBIRDS, ETC. Family TURDIDAE

754. TOWNSEND'S SOLITAIRE. Myadestes townsendi.

Range.—Western United States, breeding from Arizona, New Mexico and southern California north to British Columbia.

This unique species is of a uniform brownish gray color, with a white eye ring, narrow bar on wing, and outer tail feathers, and with the bases of the primaries rusty colored. It is a ground inhabiting bird, feeding upon insects and berries in shrubbery and thickets. Their song is said to be liquid, melodious and often long continued, equaling that of any other bird. They nest on the ground in hollows under banks or crevices about roots of trees or fallen stumps, making a large, loosely constructed pile of weeds and trash, hollowed and lined with rootlets. The three or four eggs, which are laid in June, are grayish white, spotted with pale brown, chiefly or most abundantly about the large end. Size .96 x .70.

755. WOOD THRUSH. Hylocichla mustelina.

Range.—Eastern United States, breeding from North Carolina and Kansas north to northern United States; winters south of our borders.

This Thrush with his brightly spotted breast is the most handsome of this group of musical birds. They are common in damp woods and thickets, in which places they breed, placing their nests of straw, leaves and grasses in low trees usually between four and ten feet from the ground; their nests are often very rustic, being ornamented by pieces of paper and twigs with dead leaves attached hanging from the sides of the quite bulky structures. During May or June they lay three or four greenish blue eggs of about the shade of a Robin's. Size 1.05 x .70.



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756. VEERY. Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens.

Range.—Eastern North America, breeding in the northern half of its United States range and in the southern British Provinces.

The Veery is very abundantly distributed in woodland, either moist or dry, and nests on the ground or within a very few inches of it, usually placing its structures of woven bark strips and grasses, in the midst of a clump of sprouts or ferns. The three or four eggs which they lay in May or June are bluish green, much darker than those of the Wood Thrush, and nearly the color of those of the Catbird. Size .90 x .65.

756a. WILLOW THRUSH. Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola.

Range.—Rocky Mountain region, north to British Columbia.

The nests and eggs of this similar bird do not differ from those of the last.

757. GRAY-CHEEKED THRUSH. Hylocichla aliciae aliciae.

Range.—Breeds from Labrador to Alaska; winters south to Central America.

The nesting habits and eggs of this species are very similar to those of the following sub-species and the same description will answer for both.

757. BICKNELL'S THRUSH. Hylocichla aliciae bicknelli.

Range.—Breeds in the Catskills, White Mountains and Nova Scotia.

These birds, which are practically identical with the preceding, build their nests at low elevations in trees, usually evergreens when present, making them of twigs, moss and rootlets, lined with fine grasses. The eggs, which are laid during May or June, are pale greenish blue, spotted and blotched with pale brown or russet. Size .88 x .64. Data.—Seal Island, Nova Scotia, June 3, 1901. Nest of green moss and rootlets, in a spruce, 5 feet from the ground.

758. RUSSET-BACKED THRUSH. Hylocichla ustulata ustulata.

Range.—Pacific coast, breeding in Oregon and Alaska; winters in Central America.

This species is very abundant in moist thickets throughout its range, nesting in bushes and low trees, and making them of weed



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stalks, bark strips, grasses and moss, lined with fine black rootlets. They are found at elevations of from two to ten feet above the ground. Like the Wood Thrush the birds are tame while sitting on the nest and will allow a very close approach, without taking alarm; nests are frequently found which are made almost entirely out of green moss and are very handsome structures. Their three to five eggs are laid in May or June; they are greenish blue, spotted with brown of varying shades. Size .92 x .65. Data.—Eureka, California, July 6, 1899. Nest in a fir tree, 5 feet from the ground; made of moss and strips of redwood bark. 4 eggs.

758a. OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH. Hylocichla swainsoni.

Range.—Eastern North America, breeding chiefly north of the United States, but locally in the northern parts, and abundantly in mountain ranges.

The nesting habits and eggs of this eastern representative of the last species are like those of that bird in all respects and the eggs cannot be distinguished from those of ustulatus.

758b. OLIVE-BACKED THRUSH. Hylocichla oedica.

Range.—California and southern Oregon.

Nesting habits and eggs identical with those of ustulatus.

759. ALASKA HERMIT THRUSH. Hylocichla guttata guttata.

Range.—Pacific coast from British Columbia to Alaska. Winters in Mexico.

The Hermit Thrushes can readily be identified from any other by the reddish brown tail which is in marked contrast to the color of the back. The nesting habits and eggs of this species are precisely like those of the eastern Hermit Thrush, which is a sub-species of this.

759a. AUDUBON'S HERMIT THRUSH. Hylocichla guttata auduboni.

Range.—Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Winters in Central America.

The nesting habits of this bird are like those of the next except that it more frequently nests in bushes above the ground. The eggs are not distinctive.



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759b. HERMIT THRUSH. Hylocichla guttata pallasi.

Range.—Eastern North America, breeding in northern United States and north to Labrador; winters in southern United States.

This species, which is noted for its sweet and musical song, frequents damp swamps and thickets where it builds its nest either on the ground or near it, like that of the Wilson Thrush; it is made of shreds of bark, grasses, leaves and rootlets, lined with fine rootlets; the three or four eggs, which are deposited in May or June, are bluish green and cannot, with certainty, be distinguished from those of the Veery; size .85 x .65.

759c. DWARF HERMIT THRUSH. Hylocichla guttata nanus.

Range.—Pacific coast of United States, from Washington, southward.

The nesting habits and eggs of this slightly smaller and duller colored variety are like those of the other Hermit Thrushes.

760. RED-WINGED THRUSH. Turdus musicus.

Range.—An Old World species, accidentally straying to Greenland.

This common European bird nests at low elevations in bushes or trees, laying four or five bluish green eggs, spotted with reddish brown; size 1.05 x .75.

761. ROBIN. Planesticus migratorius migratorius.

Range.—North America east of the Rockies, breeding from the middle portions of the United States, north to the Arctic Ocean.

These common birds nest in trees about houses, in orchards, open woods, in corners of fences, on blinds on houses, and in fact almost every conceivable position. Their nests are made of grasses, firmly cemented together with mud and lined with finer grasses; when placed in trees they are generally firmly saddled in crotches and may be found at any height, from on the ground to sixty feet above it. Their eggs are greenish blue; size 1.15 x .80. Eggs may be found at any time from May until July or August as they raise several broods a season.



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761b. SOUTHERN ROBIN. Planesticus migratorius achrusterus.

Range.—The Carolinas and Georgia.

The eggs of this bird, which is said to be smaller and duller colored than the northern variety, show no differences in any respect.

762. SAN LUCAS ROBIN. Planesticus confinis.

Range.—Southern Lower California.

This is a very much paler form of the American Robin; its eggs probably will not differ from those of the others.



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763. VARIED THRUSH. Ixoreus naevius naevius.

Range.—Pacific coast from northern California to Alaska; south to Mexico in winter.

These handsome birds breed abundantly in Alaska and locally in mountain ranges south to northern California. They nest at low elevations in trees, making them of moss, twigs, weeds and grasses, forming a flat shallow structure. Their eggs are greenish blue sharply but sparingly spotted with dark brown; size 1.12 x .80. Data.—Delta of Kowak River, Alaska, June 11, 1899. Four eggs. Nest 12 feet from the ground, against the trunk of a slender spruce and supported by a clump of stiff twigs.

763a. NORTHERN VARIED THRUSH. Ixoreus naevius meruloides.

Range.—Interior of western North America, breeding from British Columbia to Alaska. Its habits and eggs do not differ from those of the last.

764. SIBERIAN RED-SPOTTED BLUETHROAT. Cyanosylvia suecica robusta.

Range.—Northern Asia; casually to Alaska.

This beautiful foreigner nests on the ground and lays four to six greenish blue eggs, spotted with reddish brown; size .75 x .50.

765. WHEATEAR. Saxicola oenanthe oenanthe.

Range.—Asia; casual in Alaska in summer; nesting habits and eggs like the next.

765a. GREENLAND WHEATEAR. Saxicola oenanthe leucorhoa.

Range.—Europe and Greenland; casual on the Atlantic coast of North America.

This very abundant Old World species is a common breeding bird in Greenland and probably also in Labrador. They nest in crevices of quarries, holes in the ground, or stone walls, making a rude nest of weeds, moss or grasses, lined with hair or feathers, and during May lay from four to six pale greenish blue eggs; size .90 x .60.



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766. BLUEBIRD. Sialia sialis sialis.

Range.—Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf to southern Canada. Winters in the southern half of the United States.

These familiar birds build in cavities in trees, usually below 20 feet from the ground, crevices among ledges, bird boxes and in any suitable nook they may discover about buildings, providing that English Sparrows do not molest them. They raise several broods a year, commencing in April when they lay from three to six pale bluish white eggs (rarely pure white); size .80 x .60. The cavities of their nesting sites are lined with grasses and feathers usually, although I have found the eggs on the unlined bottom of cavities in trees.

766a. AZURE BLUEBIRD. Sialia sialis fulva.

Range.—This pale variety is found in southern Arizona and southward.

Its nesting habits are the same and the eggs are indistinguishable from the last.

767. WESTERN BLUEBIRD. Sialia mexicana occidentalis.

Range.—Pacific coast from Lower California to British Columbia.

The Western Bluebird is as common and familiar in its range as the common Bluebird is in the east. It nests in similar locations and its eggs are scarcely distinguishable, although averaging a trifle darker in shade; size .80 x .60.

767a. CHESTNUT-BACKED BLUEBIRD. Sialia mexicana bairdi.

Range.—Rocky Mountain region from Mexico to Wyoming.

The nesting habits or eggs of this brighter colored bird do not differ from those of the last species.

767b. SAN PEDRO BLUEBIRD. Sialia mexicana anabelae.

Range.—San Pedro Martir Mountains in Lower California.

The eggs of this variety will not in all probability be any different from those of the preceding Bluebirds.

768. MOUNTAIN BLUEBIRD. Sialia currucoides.

Range.—Rocky Mountain region, breeding from New Mexico north to Great Slave Lake; winters in southwestern United States and Mexico.

This azure blue species is common in the greater part of its range and is found west to the Sierra Nevadas in California. Like the eastern Bluebird they nest in holes in trees or anywhere that they can find a suitable cavity or crevice. Their eggs are slightly larger than those of the other Bluebirds and have a slight greenish tint; size .85 x .64.



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INDEX

Acanthis hornemanni, 328 " exilipes, 328 linaria, 329 " holboeli, 329 " rostrata, 329

Acanthopneuste borealis, 430

Accipiter cooperi, 205 velox, 204

Actitis macularia, 158

AEchmophorus occidentalis, 11

AEegialitis dubia, 166 hiaticula, 166 meloda, 166 mongola, 167 nivosa, 167 semipalmata, 165

Aeronautes melanoleucus, 270

AEstrelata fisheri, 67 hasitata, 67 scalaris, 67

Aethia cristatella, 25 " pygmaea, 25 " pusilla, 26

Agelaius gubernator californicus, 317 phoeniceus, 316 " bryanti, 316 " caurinus, 316 " floridanus, 316 " fortis, 316 " neutralis, 316 " sonoriensis, 316 tricolor, 317

Aimophila carpalis, 353 ruficeps, 353 " eremoeca, 353 " scotti, 353 " sororia, 353

Aix sponsa, 95

Ajaja ajaja, 115

Alauda arvensis, 297

Alaudidae, 297

Albatross, Black-footed, 59 Laysan, 60 Short-tailed, 59 Sooty, 60 Yellow-nosed, 60

Alca torda, 31

Alcedinidae, 247

Alcidae, 21

Alle alle, 34

Aluconidae, 227

Alucopratincola, 227

Amzillis cerviniventris chalconota, 279 tzacatl, 278

Ammodramus bairdi, 338 savannarum australis, 338 " bimaculatus, 338 " floridanus, 340

Amphispiza belli, 351 nevadensis cinerea, 352 " nevadensis, 352 bilineata bilineata, 351 " deserticola, 351

Anas platyrhynchos, 88 fulvigula fulvigula, 90 " maculosa, 91 rubripes, 90

Anatidae, 87

Anhinga, 77 anhinga, 77

Anhingidae, 77

Ani, 241 Grove-billed, 243

Anous stolidus, 57

Anser albifrons albifrons, 108 " gambeli, 108 fabalis, 108

Anseres, 87

Anthus cervinus, 419 pratensis, 418 rubescens, 418 spraguei, 419

Antrostomus carolinensis, 263 vociferus vociferus, 263 " macromystax, 264

Aphelocoma californica californica, 307

Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca, 307 " obscura, 307 cyanea, 306 cyanotis, 307 insularis, 307 sieberi arizonae, 307 " couchi, 308 texana, 307 woodhousei, 306

Aphriza virgata, 169

Aphrizidae, 169

Aquila chrysaetos, 215

Aramidae, 129

Aramus vociferus, 129

Archibuteo ferrugineus, 215 lagopus sancti-johannis, 214

Archilochus alexandri, 273 " colubris, 273

Page 452

Arctonetta fischeri, 102

Ardea cinerea, 122 " herodias, 121 " fannini, 121 " wardi, 122 " occidentalis, 121

Ardeidae, 119

Arenaria interpres interpres, 169 melanocephala, 170 morinella, 169

Arquatella maritima couesi, 146 ptilocnemis, 147 maritima maritima, 146

Arremonops rufivirgatus, 357

Asio accipitrinus, 229 " flammeus, 229 " wilsonianus, 227

Astragalinus lawrencei, 331 psaltria psaltria, 331 tristis tristis, 329 " pallidus, 331 " salicamans, 331

Astur atricapillus atricapillus, 205 " striatulus, 207

Asturina plagiata, 214

Asyndesmus lewisi, 257

Atthis morcomi, 278

Auk, Great, 33-32 Razor-billed, 31

Auklet, Cassin's, 24 Crested, 26 Least, 27 Paroquet, 26 Rhinoceros, 23 Whiskered, 26

Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps, 439 " lamprocephalus, 439

Avocet, 139

Baeolophus atricristatus atricristatus, 433 bicolor, 433 inornatus inornatus, 434 " cineraceus, 434 " griseus, 434 wollweberi, 434

Baldpate, 92

Bartramia longicauda, 156

Basilinna leucotis, 279 xantusi, 279

Becard, Xantus's, 280

Bittern, 119 Cory's Least, 120 Least, 120

Blackbird, Bicolored, 317 Brewer's, 322 Red-winged, 316 Rusty, 322 Tricolored, 317 Yellow-headed, 315

Bluebird, 448 Azure, 448 Chestnut-backed, 450 Mountain, 450 San Pedro, 450 Western, 450

Bluethroat Siberian Red-spotted, 448

Bobolink, 314

Bob-white, 175 Florida, 175 Masked, 175 Texan, 175

Bombycilla cedrorum, 375 garrula, 375

Bombycillidae, 375

Bonasa umbellus umbellus, 180 " sabini, 182 " togata, 182 " umbelloides, 182

Booby, 75 Blue-faced, 74 Blue-footed, 74 Brewster's, 75 Red-footed, 75

Botaurus lentiginosus, 119

Brachyramphus brevirostris, 27 craveri's, 28 hypoleucus, 27 marmoratus, 27

Brant, 111 Black, 111

Branta bernicla glaucogastra, 111 canadensis canadensis, 109 " hutchinsi, 109 " minima, 109 " occidentalis, 109 leucopsis, 112

Branta nigricans, 111

Bubo virginianus virginianus, 235 " elachistus, 237 " pacificus, 235 " pallescens, 235 " saturatus, 235 " subarticus, 235

Budytes flavus alascensis, 418

Buffle-head, 100

Bullfinch, Cassin's, 325

Bulweria bulweri, 67

Bunting, Beautiful, 367 Indigo, 366 Lark, 369 Lazuli, 366 McKay's Snow, 333 Painted, 367 Pribilof Snow, 332

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Snow, 332 Varied, 367

Bush-Tit, 437 California, 438 Grinda's, 438 Lead-colored, 438 Lloyd's, 438

Buteo abbreviatus, 211 albicaudatus sennetti, 212 borealis borealis, 208 " calurus, 208 " harlani, 209 " krideri, 208 brachyurus, 213 lineatus lineatus, 209 " alleni, 209 " elegans, 211 platypterus, 213 swainsoni, 212

Buteonidae, 201

Butorides virescens virescens, 124 " anthonyi, 125 " frazari, 125

Buzzard, Turkey, 199

Calamospiza melanocorys, 369

Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus, 333 " alascensis, 333 ornatus, 334 pictus, 334

Calidris leucophaea, 151

Callichelidon cyaneoviridis, 374

Callothrus robustus.

Callipepla squamata squamata, 176 " castanogastris, 177

Calothorax lucifer, 278

Calypte anna, 275 costae, 275

Campephilus principalis, 249 labradorius, 101

Camptostoma imberbe, 296

Canachites canadensis canadensis, 179 " canace, 179 " osgoodi, 179 franklini, 180

Canvas-back, 97

Caprimulgidae, 263

Caracara, Audubon, 224 Guadalupe, 224

Cardellina rubrifrons, 417

Cardinal, 363 Arizona, 363 Florida, 364 Gray-tailed, 364 San Lucas, 363

Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis, 363 " canicaudus, 364 " floridanus, 364

Cardinalis igneus, 363 " superbus, 363

Carpodacus amplus, 326 cassini, 326 mcgregori, 326 mexicanus clementis, 326 " frontalis, 326 " ruberrimus, 326 purpureus purpureus, 325 " californicus, 325

Casarca ferruginea, 93

Catbird, 420

Catharista urubu, 199

Cathartes aura septentrionalis, 199

Cathartidae, 198

Catherpes mexicanus albifrons, 424 " conspersus, 425 " punctulatus, 425

Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus, 155 semipalmatus inornatus, 156

Centrocercus urophasianus, 188

Centurus aurifrons, 258 carolinus, 257 uropygialis, 258

Cepphus columba, 29 grylle, 28 mandti, 29

Cerorhinca monocerata, 23

Certhia familiaris albescens, 430 " americana, 430 " montana, 430

Certhia familiaris occidentalis, 430 " zelotes, 430

Certhiidae, 430

Ceryle alcyon, 247 americana septentrionalis, 249 torquata, 247

Chachalaca, 191

Chaemepelia passerina terrestris, 195 " pallescens, 195 " bermudiana, 195

Chaetura pelagica, 269 vauxi, 270

Chamaea fasciata fasciata, 437 " henshawi, 437

Chamaethlypis poliocephala, 413

Charadriidae, 161

Charadrius apricarius, 163 dominicus dominicus, 163 " fulvus, 163

Charitonetta albeola, 100

Chat, Long-tailed, 413 Yellow-breasted, 413

Chaulelasmus streperus, 91

Chen caerulescens, 107 hyperboreus hyperboreus, 107

Page 454

Chen hyperboreus Nivalis, 107 rossi, 108

Chewink, 358

Chickadee, 434 Acadian, 436 Alaska, 436 Barlow's, 437 California, 437 Carolina, 435 Chestnut-backed, 437 Hudsonian, 436 Long-tailed, 435 Mexican, 435 Mountain, 435 Oregon, 435 Plumbeous, 435

Chondestes grammacus grammacus, 342 strigatus, 342

Chordeiles acutipennis texensis, 268 virginianus virginianus, 266 " chapmani, 266 " henryi, 266 " sennetti, 268

Chuck-will's widow, 263

Ciconiidae, 118

Cinclidae, 419

Cinclus mexicanus unicolor, 419

Circus hudsonius, 204

Cistothorus stellaris, 428

Clangula clangula americana, 99 islandica, 99

Coccyges, 241

Coccyzus americanus americanus, 244 " occidentalis, 246 erythrophthalmus, 246

Coereba bahamensis, 385

Coerebidae, 385 minor minor, 244 " maynardi, 244

Colaptes auratus auratus, 258 " luteus, 259 cafer collaris, 259

Colaptes cafer saturatior, 259 chrysoides, 262 rufipileus, 262

Colinus ridgwayi, 175 virginianus, 175 " floridanus, 175 " texanus, 175

Columba fasciata fasciata, 192 " vioscae, 192 flavirostris, 192 leucocephala, 192 squamosa, 192

Columba, 192

Columbae, 192

Columbidae, 192

Colymbidae, 11

Colymbus auritus, 13 dominicus brachypterus, 15 holboelli, 11 nigricollis californicus, 13

Compsothlypis americana americana, 390 americana usneae, 390 nigrilora, 391

Conuropsis carolinensis, 241

Coot, 136 European, 136

Cormorant, 79 Baird's, 82 Brandt's, 82 Double-crested, 79 Farallon, 81 Florida, 81 Mexican, 81 Pelagic, 82 Red-faced, 82 Violet-green, 82 White-crested, 81

Corvidae, 300

Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos, 312 brachyrhynchos pascuus, 312 corax principalis, 311 " sinuatus, 311 cryptoleucus, 311 ossifragus, 312

Cotingidae, 280

Cowbird, 314 Dwarf, 315 Red-eyed, 315

Cracidae, 191

Crake, Corn, 135 Spotted, 133

Crane, Little Brown, 127 Sandhill, 129 Whooping, 127

Creciscus jamaicensis, 134 coturniculus, 134

Creeper, Brown, 430 California, 430 Mexican, 430 Rocky Mountain, 430 Sierra, 430

Crex Crex, 135

Crossbill, 327 Mexican, 327 White-winged, 327

Crotophaga ani, 241 sulcirostris, 243

Crow, 312 Carrion, 199 Fish, 312

Page 455

Florida, 312

Cryptoglaux funerea richardsoni, 232 acadica acadica, 232 " scotaea, 232

Cuckoo, Black-billed, 246 California, 246 Kamchatka, 246 Mangrove, 244 Maynard's, 244 Yellow-billed, 244

Cuculidae, 241

Cuculus canorus telephonus, 246

Curlew, Bristle-thighed, 160 Eskimo, 160 Hudsonian, 159 Long-billed, 159

Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus, 313

Cyanolaemus clemenciae, 271

Cyanocitta cristata cristata, 303 " florincola, 303 stelleri stelleri, 303 " annectens, 306 " carlottae, 306 " diademata, 303 " frontalis, 303

Cyanosylvia suecica robusta, 448

Cyanthus latirostris, 279

Cypseloides niger borealis, 268

Cyrtonyx montezumae mearnsi, 178

Dafila acuta, 94

Daption capense, 67

Darters, 77

Dendragapus obscurus obscurus, 178 " fuliginosus, 178 " richardsoni, 179

Dendrocygna autumnalis, 113 bicolor, 113

Dendroica aestiva aestiva, 392 " rubiginosa, 392 " sonorana, 292 auduboni auduboni, 395 " nigrifrons, 395 bryanti castaneiceps, 394 castanea, 398 caerulea, 396 caerulescens caerulescens, 394 " cairnsi, 394 chrysoparia, 402 coronata, 395 discolor, 407 dominica albilora, 401 dominica dominica, 401 fusca, 399 graciae, 401 kirtlandi, 404 magnolia, 396 nigrescens, 402 occidentalis, 404 palmarum palmarum, 405 " hypochrysea, 405 pensylvanica, 398 striata, 399 tigrina, 391 townsendi, 403 vigorsi, 405 virens, 403

Dichromanassa rufescens, 123

Dickcissel, 368

Diomedea albatrus, 59 immutabilis, 60 nigripes, 59

Diomedeidae 59

Dipper, 419

Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 314

Dotterel, 161

Dove, Bermuda Ground, 195 Blue-headed Quail, 196 Ground, 195 Inca, 196 Key West Quail, 196 Mexican Ground, 195 Mourning, 193 Ruddy Quail, 196 White-fronted, 195 White-winged, 195 Zenaida, 194

Dovekie, 34

Dowitcher, 144 Long-billed, 145

Dryobates arizonae, 252 borealis, 252 nuttalli, 252 pubescens pubescens, 251 " gairdneri, 251 " homorus, 251 " medianus, 251 " nelsoni, 251 " turati, 251 scalaris bairdi, 252 " lucasanus, 252 villosus villosus, 250 " auduboni, 250 " harrisi, 250 " hyloscopus, 250 " leucomelas, 250 " monticola, 250 " picoideus, 250

Duck, Black, 90 Florida, 90 Harlequin, 101 Labrador, 101 Lesser Scaup, 98 Masked, 106 Mottled, 91

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Ring-necked, 98 Ruddy, 106 Rufous-crested, 95 Scaup, 97 Wood, 95

Dumetella carolinensis, 420

Dunlin, 149

Eagle, Bald, 217 Golden, 215 Gray Sea, 217 Northern Bald, 217

Ectopistes migratorius, 193

Egret, 122 Reddish, 123 Snowy, 122

Egretta candidissima candidissima 122

Eider, 103 King, 104 Northern, 102 Pacific, 103 Spectacled, 102 Steller's, 102

Elanoides forficatus, 201

Elanus leucurus, 201

Empidonax difficilis cineritius, 294 difficilis difficilis, 293 flaviventris, 293 fulvifrons pygmaeus, 296 griseus, 296 hammondi, 295 minimus, 295 trailli trailli, 294 " alnorum, 295 virescens, 294 wrighti, 295

Ereunetes mauri, 151 pusillus, 150

Erismatura jamaicensis, 106

Erolia ferruginea, 149

Eudromias morinellus, 161

Eugenes fulgens, 271

Euphagus carolinus, 322 cyanocephalus, 322

Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, 150

Falco aesalon, 221 columbarius columbarius, 220 " suckleyi, 220 fusco-caerulescens, 221 islandus, 218 mexicanus, 219 peregrinus anatum, 220 " pealei, 220 " peregrinus, 219 richardsoni, 220 rusticolus rusticolus, 218 " gyrfalco, 218 " obsoletus, 219 sparverius sparverius, 222 " peninsularis, 222 " phaloena, 221 sparveroides, 222 " tinnunculus, 221

Falcon Aplomado, 221 Peale's, 220 Peregrine, 219 Prairie, 219

Finch, Aleutian Rosy, 327 Black Rosy, 328 Brown-capped Rosy, 328 California Purple, 325 Cassin's Purple, 326 Gray-crowned Rosy, 328 Guadalupe House, 326 Hepburn's Rosy, 328 House, 326 McGregor's House, 326 Purple, 325 San Clemente House, 326 San Lucas House, 326

Flamingo, 115

Flicker, 258 Gilded, 262 Guadalupe, 262 Northern, 259 Northwestern, 259 Red-shafted, 259

Florida Coerulea, 124

Flycatcher, Acadian, 294 Alder, 295 Arizona Crested, 286 Ash-throated, 286 Beardless, 296 Buff-breasted, 296 Coues's, 291 Crested, 285 Derby, 284 Fork-tailed, 280 Gray, 296 Hammond's, 295 Least, 295 Lower California, 287 Flycatcher, Mexican Crested, 286 Olivaceous, 287 Olive-sided, 290 San Lucas, 294 Scissor-tailed, 281 Sulphur-bellied, 285 Traill's, 294 Vermilion, 296 Western, 293 Wright's, 295 Yellow-bellied, 293

Fratercula arctica arctica, 22 " naumanni, 23

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corniculata, 23

Fregata aquila, 86

Fregatidae, 86

Fregetta grallaria, 71

Frigate Bird, 86

Fringillidae, 324

Fulica americana, 136 atra, 136

Fulmar, 62 Giant, 62 Pacific, 63 Rodgers's, 63 Slender-billed, 63

Fulmarus glacialis glacialis, 62 " glupischa, 63 rodgersi, 63

Gadwall, 91

Gallinae, 175

Gallinago delicata, 143 gallinago, 140 meda, 143

Gallinula galeata, 136

Gallinule, Florida, 136 Purple, 135

Gannet, 76

Gavia adamsi, 18 arctica, 18 immer, 18 stellata, 19 pacifica, 19

Gaviidae, 17

Gelochelidon nilotica, 50

Geococcyx californianus, 243 beldingi, 413 trichas arizela, 412 " trichas, 412 " arizela, 412 " ignota, 412 " occidentalis, 412 " sinousa, 412

Geotrygon chrysia, 196 montana, 196

Glaucidium gnoma californicum, 239 " gnoma, 239 hoskinsi, 239 phalaenoides, 240

Glottis nebularia, 152

Gnatcatcher, Black-tailed, 442 Blue-gray, 441 Plumbeous, 441 Western, 441

Godwit, Black-tailed, 152 Hudsonian, 152 Marbled, 151 Pacific, 152

Golden-eye, 99 Barrow's, 99

Goldfinch, 329 Arkansas, 331 Black-headed, 331 Lawrence's, 331 Pale, 331 Willow, 331

Goose, American White-fronted, 108 Barnacle, 112 Bean, 108 Blue, 107 Canada, 109 Cackling, 109 Emperor 112 Greater Snow, 107 Hutchins's, 109 Ross's, 108 Snow, 107 White-cheeked, 109 White-fronted, 108

Goshawk, 205 Mexican, 214 Western, 207

Grackle, Boat-tailed, 323 Bronzed, 323 Florida, 323 Great-tailed, 324 Purple, 323

Grassquit, 368 Melodious, 368

Grebe, Eared, 13 Holboell's, 11-12 Horned, 12-13 Least, 15 Pied-billed, 15-16 Mexican, 15 Western, 11

Greenshank, 152

Grosbeak, Alaska Pine, 325 Black-headed, 365 Blue, 366 California Pine, 325 Evening, 324 Kadiak Pine, 325 Pine, 324 Rocky Mountain Pine, 325 Rose-breasted, 365 Western Blue, 366 Western Evening, 324

Grouse. Canada Ruffed, 182 Columbian Sharp-tailed, 187 Dusky, 178 Franklin's, 180 Gray Ruffed, 182 Oregon Ruffed, 182 Prairie Sharp-tailed, 187 Richardson's, 179

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Ruffed, 180 Sharp-tailed, 187 Sooty, 178

Gruidae, 127

Grus americana, 127 canadensis, 127 mexicana, 129

Guara alba, 117 rubra, 117

Guillemot, Black, 28 Mandt, 29 Pigeon, 29

Guiraca caerulea, 366 " lazula, 366

Gull, Bonaparte's, 48 California, 45 Franklin's, 48 Glaucous, 40 Glaucous-winged, 42 Great Black-backed, 43 Heerman's, 46 Herring, 44 Iceland, 41 Ivory, 39 Kittiwake, 39 Kumlien, 42 Laughing, 47 Little, 49 Mew, 46 Nelson, 42 Pacific Kittiwake, 40 Point Barrow, 41 Red-legged Kittiwake, 40 Ring-billed, 45 Ross's, 49 Sabine's, 49 Short-billed, 46 Siberian, 44 Slaty-backed, 43 Vega, 45 Western, 44

Gymnogyps californianus, 198

Gyrfalcon, 218 Black, 219 Gray, 218 White, 218

Haematopodidae, 170

Haematopus bachmani, 171 frazari, 171 ostralegus, 170 palliatus, 170

Haliaeetus albicilla, 217 leucocephalus leucocephalus, 217 " alascanus, 217

Halocyptena microsoma 68

Harelda hyemalis, 100

Hawk, Black Pigeon, 220 Broad-winged, 213 Cooper's, 205 Cuban Sparrow, 222 Desert Sparrow, 221 Duck, 220 Florida Red-shouldered, 209 Harlan's, 209 Harris's, 207 Krider's, 208 Marsh, 204 Mexican Black, 213 Pigeon, 220 Red-bellied, 211 Red-shouldered, 209 Red-tailed, 208 Richardson's Pigeon, 220 Rough-legged, 214 Sennett's White-tailed, 212 Sharp-shinned, 204 Short-tailed, 213 Sparrow, 222 San Lucas Sparrow, 222 Swainson's, 212 Western Red-tail, 208 Zone-tailed, 211

Heath Hen, 186

Heleodytes brunneicapillus affinis, 424 " couesi, 423 " bryanti, 424

Helinaia swainsoni, 386

Helmitheros vermivorus, 386

Helodromas ochropus, 155 solitarius solitarius, 154 " cinnamomeus, 155

Herodias egretta, 122

Herodiones, 115

Heron, Anthony's Green, 125 Black-crowned Night, 126 European, 122 Frazar's Green, 125 Great Blue, 121 Great White, 121 Green, 124 Little Blue, 124 Louisiana, 123 Northwestern Coast, 121 Snowy, 122 Ward's, 122 Yellow-crowned Night, 126

Heteractitis incanus, 156

Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina, 324 vespertina montana, 324

Himantopus mexicanus, 139

Hirundinidae, 372

Hirundo erythrogastra, 373

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Histrionicus histrionicus, 101

Honey Creeper, Bahama, 385

Hummingbird, Allen's, 277 Anna's, 275 Black-chinned, 273 Blue-throated, 271 Broad-billed, 279 Broad-tailed, 276 Buff-bellied, 279 Calliope, 278 Costa's, 275 Lucifer, 278 Morcom's, 278 Reiffer's, 278 Rivoli's, 271 Ruby-throated, 273 Rufous, 276 White-eared, 279 Xantus's, 279

Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis, 123

Hydrochelidon leucoptera, 57 nigra surinamensis, 56

Hylocichla aliciae aliciae, 443 " bicknelli, 443 fuscescens fuscescens, 443 " salicicola, 443 guttata auduboni, 445 " guttata, 445 " mustelina, 442 " nanus, 446 " pallasi, 446 ustulata swainsoni, 445 " ustulata, 443

Ibididae, 117

Ibis, Glossy, 118 Scarlet, 117 White, 117 White-faced Glossy, 118 Wood, 118

Icteria virens virens, 413 " longicauda, 413

Icteridae, 314

Icterus melanocephalus auduboni, 319 bullocki, 322 cucullatus nelsoni, 320 " sennetti, 320 galbula, 321 parisorum, 320 spurius, 321

Ictinia mississippiensis, 202

Ionornis martinicus, 135

Iridoprocne bicolor, 373

Ixobrychus exilis, 120 neoxenus, 120

Ixoreus naevius meruloides, 448 " naevius, 448

Jabiru, 119

Jabiru mycteria, 119

Jacana, Mexican, 172 spinosa, 172

Jacanidae, 172

Jaeger, Long-tailed, 37 Parastic, 37 Pomarine, 36

Jay, Alaska, 309 Arizona, 307 Belding's, 307 Black-headed, 306 Blue, 303 Blue-eared, 307 Blue-fronted, 303 California, 307 Canada, 308 Couch's, 308 Florida, 306 Florida Blue, 303 Gray, 311 Green, 308 Labrador, 309 Long-crested, 303 Oregon, 309 Pinon, 313 Queen Charlotte, 306 Rocky Mountain, 309 Santa Cruz, 307 Steller's, 303 Texas, 307 Woodhouse's, 306 Xantus's, 307

Junco aikeni, 348 Arizona, 350 Baird's, 351 bairdi, 351 Carolina, 350 Guadalupe, 351 hyemalis hyemalis, 349 hyemalis carolinensis, 350 " mearnsi, 350 " connectens, 349 " montanus, 350 " oreganus, 349 " pinosus, 349 " thurberi, 349 insularis, 351 mearnsi. Montana, 350 Oregon, 349 phaeonotus dorsalis, 350 " palliatus, 350 Pink-sided, 350 Point Pinos, 349 Red-backed, 350 Shufeldt's, 349 Slate-colored, 349

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Thurber's, 349 Townsend's, 350 townsendi's, 350 White-winged, 348

Kestrel, 221

Killdeer, 165

Kingbird, 281 Arkansas, 283 Cassin's, 284 Couch's, 283 Gray, 283

Kingfisher, Belted, 247 Ringed, 247 Texas, 249

Kinglet, Dusky, 441 Golden-crowned, 439 Ruby-crowned, 440 Sitka, 441 Western Golden crowned, 440

Kite, Everglade, 202 Mississippi, 202 Swallow-tailed, 201 White-tailed, 201

Kittiwake, 39 Kittiwake, Pacific, 40 Red-legged, 40

Knot, 146

Lagopus evermanni, 184 lagopus lagopus, 183 " alleni, 183 leucurus leucurus, 185 " peninsularis, 185 rupestris, 183 " atkhensis, 184 " nelsoni, 184 " reinhardi, 184 " townsendi, 184 welchi, 184

Laniidae, 376

Lanius borealis, 376 ludovicianus ludovicianus, 376 anthonyi, 376 " excubitorides, 378 " gambeli, 378

Lanivireo flavifrons, 382 solitarius alticola, 383 cassini, 382 lucasanus, 383 plumbeus, 382 solitarius, 382

Lapwing, 161

Laridae, 38

Lark, California Horned, 298 Desert Horned, 298 Dusky Horned, 299 Horned, 297 Hoyt's Horned, 299 Island Horned, 299 Montezuma Horned, 299 Pallid Horned, 297 Prairie Horned, 298 Ruddy Horned, 298 Scorched Horned, 298 Sonora Horned, 299 Streaked Horned, 299 Texan Horned, 298

Larus affinis, 44 argentatus, 44 atricilla, 47 brachyrhynchus, 46 californicus, 45 canus, 46 delawarensis, 45 franklini, 48 glaucescens, 42 hyporboreus, 40 heermanni, 46 kumlieni, 42 leucopterus, 41 marinus, 43 minutus, 49 nelsoni, 42 occidentalis, 44 philadelphia, 48 schistisagus, 43 vegae, 45

Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera, 195

Leucosticte, atrata, 328 australis, 328 griseonucha, 327 tephrocotis tephrocotis, 328 " littoralis, 328

Limicolae, 137

Limosa fedoa, 151 haemastica, 152 lapponica baueri, 152 limosa, 152

Limpkin, 129

Lobipes Lobatus, 137

Longipennes, 35

Longspur, Alaska, 333 Chestnut-collared, 334 Lapland, 333 McCown's, 334 Smith's, 334

Loon, 38-17-20-18 Black-throated, 18 Pacific, 19 Red-throated, 19 Yellow-billed, 18

Lophodytes cucullatus 88

Lophortyx californica, 177 " vallicola, 177 gambeli, 177

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Loxia curvirostra minor, 327 " stricklandi, 327 leucoptera, 327

Lunda cirrhata, 22

Machetes Pugnax, 156

Macrochires, 262

Macronectes giganteus, 62

Macrorhamphus griseus griseus, 144 " scolopaceus, 145

Magpie, Yellow-billed, 300

Mallard, 88

Man-o'-War Bird, 86

Mareca americana, 92 penelope, 91

Marila affinis, 98 americana, 95 collaris, 98 marila, 97 valisineria, 97

Martin, Cuban, 372 Purple, 372 Western, 372

Meadowlark, 317 Rio Grande, 317 southern, 319 Western, 319

Megalestris skua, 36

Megaquiscalus major major, 323 " macrourus, 324

Melanerpes erythrocephalus, 256 formicivorus formicivorus, 256 " angustifrons, 257 " bairdi, 257

Meleagridae, 178

Meleagris gallopavo intermedia, 191 " merriami, 190 " osceola, 191 " silvestris, 190

Melopelia asiatica, 195

Melospiza melodia caurina, 355 " cooperi, 355 " clementae, 355 " fallax, 354 " graminea, 355 " heermanni, 354 " insignis, 355 " juddi, 355 " kenaiensis, 355 " melodia, 354 " merrilli, 355 " montana, 354 " morphna, 354 " pusillula, 355 " rivularis, 355 " rufina, 355 " samuelis, 354 georgiana, 356 lincolni lincolni, 356 " striata, 356

Merganser, 87 Hooded, 88 Red-breasted, 88

Mergus americanus, 87 serrator, 88

Merlin, 221

Micropalama himantopus, 145

Micropallas whitneyi, 240

Micropodidae, 268

Mimus polyglottos, 420 " polyglottos, 420 " leucopterus, 420

Mniotilta varia, 385

Mniotiltidae, 385

Mockingbird, 420 Western, 420

Molothrus ater ater, 314

" obscurus, 315

Motacilla alba, 418 ocularis, 418

Motacillidae, 418

Murre, 29 Brunnich's, 31 California, 30 Pallas's, 31

Murrelet, Ancient, 26 Craveri's, 28 Kittlitz, 27 Marbled, 27 Xantus, 27

Muscivora forficata, 281 tyrannus, 280

Myadestes townsendi, 442

Mycteria americana, 118

Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens, 286

Myiarchus cinerascens pertinax, 287 crinitus, 285 olivascens, 287 magister magister, 286 nelsoni, 286

Myiochanes pertinax pallidiventris, 291 richardsoni richardsoni, 293 " peninsulae, 293 virens, 291

Myiodynastes luteiventris, 285 Nannus alascensis, 428 meliger, 428 niemalis helleri, 428 " niemalis, 427 " pacificus, 428

Netta rufina, 95

Nettion carolinense, 92 crecca, 92

Nighthawk, 266

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Florida, 266 Sennett's, 268 Texas, 268 Western, 266

Noddy, 57

Nomonyx dominicus, 106

Nucifraga columbiana, 313

Numenius americanus, 159 borealis, 160 hudsonicus, 159 phaeopus, 160 tahitiensis, 160

Nutcracker, Clark's, 313

Nuthatch, Brown-headed, 432 Florida White-breasted, 431 Pygmy, 432 Red-breasted, 432 Rocky Mountain, 431 Slender-billed, 431 San Lucas, 431 White-breasted, 431 White-naped, 433

Nuttallornis borealis, 290

Nyctanassa violacea, 126

Nyctea nyctea, 237

Nycticorax nycticorax naevius, 126

Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli, 265

Oceanites oceanicus, 71

Oceanodroma furcata, 68 homochroa, 70 kaedingi, 69 leucorhoa, 69 macrodactyla, 69 melania, 70 socorroensis, 70

Ochthodromus wilsonius, 168

Odontoglossae, 115

Odontophoridae, 175

Oidemia americana, 104 deglandi, 105 fusca, 105 perspicillata, 105

Old-squaw, 100

Olor buccinator, 114 columbianus, 114 cygnus, 114

Oporornis agilis, 410 formosus, 410 philadelphia, 411 tolmei, 411

Oreortyx picta picta, 176 " confinis, 176 " plumifera, 176

Oreospiza chlorura, 361

Oriole, Arizona Hooded, 320 Audubon's, 319 Baltimore, 321 Bullock's, 322 Scott's, 320 Sennett's, 320

Orchard, 321

Oreoscoptes montanus, 419

Ortalis vetula mccalli, 191

Osprey, 225

Octocoris alpestris alpestris, 297 " actia, 298 " adusta, 299 " articola, 297 " giraudi, 298 " hoyti, 299 " insularis, 299 " leucolaema, 298 " merrilli, 299 " occidentalis, 299 " pallida, 299 " praticola, 298 " rubea, 298 " strigata, 299

Otus asio aikeni, 234 " asio, 233 " bendirei, 233 " cineraceus, 234 " floridanus, 233 " kennicotti, 233 " macfarlanei 234 " maxwelliae, 233 " mccalli, 233 flammeolus flammeolus, 234 " idahoensis, 234 Trichopsis, 234 Xantusi, 234

Ouzel, Water, 419

Oven-bird, 407

Owl, Aiken's Screech, 234 Arctic Horned, 235 Barn, 227 Barred, 229 Burrowing, 238 California Pygmy, 239 California Screech, 233 Dusky Horned, 235 Dwarf Horned, 237 Dwarf Screech, 234 Elf, 240 European Hawk, 237 Ferruginous Pygmy, 240 Flammulated Screech, 234 Florida Barred, 229 Florida Burrowing, 239 " Screech, 233 Great Gray, 231 Great Horned, 235 Hawk, 238 Hoskin's Pygmy, 239

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Kennicott's Screech, 233 Lapp, 232 Long-eared, 227 MacFarlane's Screech, 234 Mexican Screech, 234 Northern Spotted, 231 Northwestern Saw-whet, 232 Pacific Horned, 235 Pygmy, 239 Richardson's, 232 Rocky Mountain Screech, 233 Saw-whet, 232 Screech, 233 Short-eared, 229 Snowy, 237 Spotted, 237 " Screech, 234 Texas Barred, 231 Texas Screech, 233 Western Horned, 235 Xantus's Screech, 234

Oxyechus vociferus, 165 Oyster-catcher, 170 European, 170 Black, 171 Frazar's, 171 Pagophila alba, 39 Paludicolae, 127 Pandion haliaetus carolinensis, 225 Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi, 207 Parauque, Merrill's, 265 Paroquet, Carolina, 241 Parrot, Thick-billed, 141 Partridge, Alaska Spruce, 179 Canada Spruce, 179 Hudsonian Spruce, 179 Passer domesticus, 335 Passerculus beldingi, 337 princeps, 337 rostratus rostratus, 338 " guttatus, 337 " santorum, 338 sandwichensis sandwichensis, 337 " alaudinus, 337 " bryanti, 337 " savanna, 337 Passerella iliaca fuliginosa, 357 " iliaca, 357 " insularis, 357 " megarhyncha, 357 " schistacea, 357 " stephensi, 357 " townsendi, 357 " unalaschensis, 357

Passeres, 280

Passerherbulus henslowi henslowi, 340 " occidentalis, 340 caudacutus, 340 lecontei, 340 maritimus fisheri, 341 " macgillivrai, 342 " maritimus, 341 " peninsulae, 341 " sennetti, 341 nelsoni nelsoni, 341 " subvirgatus, 341 nigrescens, 342

Passerina amoena, 366 ciris, 367 cyanea, 366 versicolor versicolor, 367 " pulchra, 367

Pedioecetes phasianellus phasianellus, 187 phasianellus campestris, 187 " columbianus, 187

Pelagodroma marina, 71

Pelecanidae, 83

Pelecanus californicus, 85 erythrorhynchos, 83 occidentalis, 85

Pelican, White, 83 Brown, 85 California Brown, 85

Pelidna alpina alpina, 149 " sakhalina, 149

Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus, 434 " occidentalis, 435 " septentrionalis, 435 carolinensis agilis, 435 " carolinensis, 435 cinctus alascensis, 436 " gambeli, 435 hudsonicus hudsonicus, 436 " littoralis, 436 rufescens barlowi, 437 " neglectus, 437 " rufescens, 437 sclateri, 435

Perisoreus canadensis canadensis, 308 " capitalis, 309 " fumifrons, 309 " nigricapillus, 309 obscurus obscurus, 309 " griseus, 311

Petrel, Ashy, 70 Black, 70 Black-capped, 67 Bulwer's, 67 Fisher's, 67 Fork-tailed, 68 Guadalupe, 69 Kaeding's, 69 Leach's, 68

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Least, 68 Pintado, 67 Scaled, 67 Socorro, 70 Storm, 68 White-bellied, 71 White-faced, 71 Wilson's, 71

Petrochelidon fulva, 372 lunifrons lunifrons, 372 melanogastra, 373

Peucaea aestivalis aestivalis, 352 " bachmani, 352 botterii, 352 cassini, 353

Peucedramus olivaceus, 391

Pewee, Western Wood, 293 Large-billed Wood, 293 Wood, 291

Phaethon americanus, 72 aethereus, 73 rubricaudus, 73

Phaethontidae, 72

Phainopepla, 376 nitens, 376

Phalacrocoracidae, 78

Phalacrocorax carbo, 79 auritus auritus, 79 " albociliatus, 81 " cincinatus, 81 " floridanus, 81 vigua mexicanus, 81 pelagicus pelagicus, 82 " resplendens, 82 " robustus, 82 penicillatus, 82 urile, 82

Phalaenoptilus nuttalli nuttalli, 264 " californicus, 264 " nitidus, 264

Phalarope, Northern, 137 Red, 137 Wilson's, 138

Phalaropodidae, 137 Phalaropus fulicarius, 137 Phaleris psittacula, 25 Phasianidae, 188 Phasianus torquatus, 188 Pheasant, Ring-necked, 188 Philacte canagica, 112 Philohela minor, 140 Phloeotomus pileatus pileatus, 255

Phoebe, 287 Black, 289 Say, 289

Phoebetria palpebrata, 60 Phoenicopteridae, 115 Phoenicopterus ruber, 115 Pica pica hudsonia, 300 nuttalli, 300

Pici, 249

Picidae, 249

Picoides americanus americanus, 253 " dorsalis, 254 " fasciatus, 254 arcticus, 253

Pigeon, Band-tailed, 192 Passenger, 193 Red-billed, 192 Scaled, 192 Viosca's, 192 White-crowned, 192

Pinicola enucleator alascensis, 325 " californica, 325 " flammula, 325 " leucura, 324 " montana, 325

Pintail 94

Pipilo aberti, 361 consobrinus, 360 erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus, 358 erythrophthalmus alleni, 358 fuscus albigula, 360 crissalis crissalis, 360 fuscus mesoleucus, 360 crissalis senicula, 361 maculatus arcticus, 358 " clementae, 360 " magnirostris, 360 " megalonyx, 360 " montanus, 358 " oregonus, 360

Pipit, 418 Meadow, 418 Red-throated, 419 Sprague's, 419

Piranga erythromelas, 369 hepatica, 370 ludoviciana, 369 rubra rubra, 370 " cooperi, 370

Pisobia aurita, 147 bairdi, 148 damacensis, 149 fuscicollis, 148 maculata, 147 minutella, 148

Pitangus sulphuratus derbianus, 284

Planesticus confinis, 447 migratorius achrusterus, 447 " migratorius, 446 " propinquus, 446

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Plataleidae, 115

Platypsaris aglaiae albiventris, 280

Plautus impennis, 32-33

Plectrophenax hyperboreus, 333 nivalis nivalis, 332 " townsendi, 332

Plegadis autumnalis, 118 guarauna, 118

Plover, Black-bellied, 161 European Golden, 163 Golden, 163 Little Ringed, 166 Mongolian, 167 Mountain, 168 Pacific Golden, 163 Piping, 166 Ringed, 166 Semipalmated, 165 Snowy, 167 Upland, 156 Wilson's, 168

Podasocys montanus, 168

Podilymbus podiceps, 15

Polioptila caerulea caerulea, 441 " obscura, 441 californica, 442 plumbea, 441

Polyborus cheriway, 224 lutosus, 224

Polysticta stelleri, 102

Pooecetes gramineus gramineus, 335 " affinis, 335 " confinis, 335

Poor-will, 264 Dusky, 264 Frosted, 264

Porzana carolina, 133 porzana, 133

Prairie Chicken, 185 Attwater's, 186 Lesser, 187

Priocella glacialoides, 63

Priofinus cinereus, 66

Procellariidae, 61

Progne cryptoleuca, 372 subis subis, 372 " hesperia, 372

Protonotaria citrea, 386

Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi, 438 minimus minimus, 437 " californicus, 438 " grindae, 438 plumbeus, 438

Psittaci, 241

Psittacidae, 241

Ptarmigan, Allen's, 183 Evermann's, 184 Kenai White-tailed, 185 Nelson's, 184 Reinhardt's, 184 Rock, 183 Townsend's, 184 Turner's, 184 Welch's, 184 White-tailed, 185 Willow, 183

Ptychoramphus aleuticus, 24 Puffin, 22 Horned, 23 Large-billed, 23 Tufted, 22

Puffinus assimilis, 65 auricularis, 65 borealis, 64 creatopus, 65 cuneatus, 66 gravis, 64 griseus, 66 lherminieri, 65 opisthomelas, 65 puffinus, 64 tenuirostris, 66

Pygopodes, 10

Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus, 296

Pyrrhula cassini, 325

Pyrrhuloxia, Arizona, 364 sinuata sinuata, 364 " peninsulae, 364 " texana, 364 San Lucas, 364 Texas, 364 California, 177 Chestnut Bellied Scaled, 177 Gambel's, 177 Mearn's, 178

Quail, Mountain, 176 Plumed, 176 San Pedro, 176 Scaled, 176 Valley, 177

Querquedula cyanoptera, 93 discors, 93

Quiscalus quiscula quiscula, 323 " aglaeus, 323 " aeneus, 323

Rail, Belding's, 131 Black, 134 California Clapper, 131 Carribean Clapper, 132 Clapper, 132 Farallon, 134 Florida Clapper, 132 King, 131 Louisiana Clapper, 132

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Virginia, 133 Wayne's Clapper, 132 Yellow, 131

Rallidae, 131

Rallus beldingi, 131 crepitans crepitans, 132 " saturatus, 132 " scotti, 132 " waynei, 132 elegans, 131 longirostris caribaeus, 132 obsoletus, 131 virginianus, 132

Raptores, 198

Raven, 311 Northern, 311 White-necked, 311

Recurvirostra americana, 139

Recurvirostridae, 139

Redhead, 95

Redpoll, 329 Greater, 329 Greenland, 328 Hoary, 328 Holboell's, 329

Redstart, 415 Painted, 417

Red-wing, Bahama, 316 Bicolored, 317 Florida, 316 Northwestern, 316 San Diego, 316 Sonora, 316 Thick-billed, 316 Tricolored, 317

Regulus calendula calendula, 440 " grinnelli, 441 " obscurus, 441 satrapa olivaceus, 440 " satrapa, 439

Rhodostethia rosea, 49

Rhynchophanes mccowni, 334

Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, 241

Riparia riparia, 374

Rissa brevirostris, 40 tridactyla tridactyla, 39 " pollicaris, 40

Road-runner, 243

Robin, 446 Southern, 447 San Lucas, 447 Western, 446

Rostrhamus sociabilis, 202

Rough-leg, Ferruginous, 215

Ruff, 156

Rynchopidae, 58

Rynchops nigra, 58

Sage Hen, 188

Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus, 424 guadeloupensis, 424

Sanderling, 151

Sandpiper, Aleutian, 146 Baird, 148 Buff-breasted, 158 Curlew, 149 Green, 155 Least, 148 Pectoral, 147 Pribilof, 147 Purple, 146 Red-backed, 149 Semipalmated, 150 Sharp-tailed, 147 Solitary, 154 Spoonbill, 150 Spotted, 158 Stilt, 145 Western, 151 Western Solitary, 155 White-rumped, 148

Sapsucker, Northern Red-breasted, 255 Red-breasted, 255 Red-naped, 254 Williamson's, 255 Yellow-bellied, 254

Saxicola oenanthe oenanthe, 448 " leucorhoa, 448

Sayornis nigricans, 289 phoebe, 287 sayus, 289

Scardafella inca, 196

Scolopacidae, 140

Scolopax rusticola, 140

Scoter, 104 Surf, 105 Velvet, 105 White-winged, 105

Scotiaptex nebulosa lapponica, 232 " nebulosa, 231

Seed-eater, Sharpe's, 368

Seiurus aurocapillus, 407 motacilla, 409 noveboracensis noveboracensis, 409 " notabilis, 409

Selasphorus alleni, 276 platycercus, 276 rufus, 277

Steophaga picta, 417 ruticilla, 415

Shearwater, Allied, 65 Audubon's, 65 Black-tailed, 66 Black-vented, 65 Cory's, 64

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Greater, 64 Manx, 64 Pink-footed, 65 Slender-billed, 66 Sooty, 66 Townsend's, 65 Wedge-tailed, 66

Sheldrake, Ruddy, 93

Shoveller, 94

Shrike, California, 378 Island, 378 Loggerhead, 376 Northern, 376 White-rumped, 378

Sialia currucoides, 450 mexicana anabelae, 450 " bairdi, 450 " occidentalis, 450 sialis sialis, 448 " fulva, 448

Siskin, Pine, 332

Sitta canadensis, 432 carolinensis carolinensis, 431 " aculeata, 431 " atkinsi, 431 " lagunae, 431 " nelsoni, 431 pusilla, 432 pygmaea pygmaea, 432 " leuconucha, 433

Sittidae, 431

Skimmer, Black, 58

Skua, 36

Skylark, 297

Snakebird, 77

Snipe, European, 140 Great, 143 Wilson's, 143

Solitaire, Townsend's, 442

Somateria dresseri, 103 mollissima borealis, 102 spectabilis, 104 v-nigra, 103

Sora, 133

Sparrow, Acadian Sharp-tailed, 341 Alameda Song, 355 Aleutian Song, 337 Bachman's, 352 Baird's, 338 Belding's, 337 Bell's, 351 Black-chinned, 348 Black-throated, 351 Botteri's, 352 Brewer's, 346 Brown's Song, 355 Bryant's, 337 Cassin's, 353 Chipping, 345 Clay-colored, 355 Dakota Song, 355 Desert, 351 Desert Song, 354 Dusky Seaside, 342 English 335 Field, 348 Florida Grasshopper, 340 Forbush's, 356 Fox, 356 Gambel's, 343

Golden-crowned, 343 Grasshopper, 338 Gray Sage, 352 Harris's, 342 Heermann's Song, 354 Henslow's, 340 Ipswich, 337 Kadiak Fox, 357 Kenai Song, 355 Laguna, 353 Large-billed, 338 Lark, 342 Leconte's, 340 Lincoln's, 356 Louisiana Seaside, 341

Macgillivray's Seaside, 342 Merrill's Song, 355 Mountain Song, 354 Nelson's, 341 Nuttall's, 343 Oregon Vesper, 335 Pine Woods, 352 Rock, 353 Rufous-crowned, 353 Rufous-winged, 353 Rusty Song, 354 Sage, 352 Samuel's Song, 354 San Benito, 338 San Clemente Song, 355 San Diego Song, 355 San Lucas, 338 Santa Barbara Song, 355 Savannah, 337 Scott's, 353 Scott's Seaside, 341 Seaside, 341 Sharp-tailed, 340 Shumagin Fox, 357 Slate-colored Fox, 357 Song, 354 Sooty Fox, 357 Sooty Song, 355 Stephen's Fox, 357

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Swamp, 356 Texas, 357 Texas Seaside, 341 Thick-billed Fox, 357 Townsend's Fox, 357 Tree, 345 Vesper, 335 Western Chipping, 346 Western Field, 348 Western Grasshopper, 338 Western Henslow's, 340 Western Lark, 342 Western Savannah, 337 Western Tree, 345 Western Vesper, 335 White-crowned, 343 White-throated, 345 Worthen's, 348 Yakutat Song, 355

Spatula clypeata, 94

Speotyto cunicularia floridana, 239 " hypogaea, 238

Sphyrapicus ruber ruber, 255 " notkensis, 255 thyroideus, 255 varius varius, 254 " nuchalis, 254

Spinus notatus, 331 pinus, 332

Spiza americana, 368

Spirella atrogularis, 348 breweri, 346 monticola monticola, 345 " ochracea, 345 passerina arizonae, 346 " passerina, 345 pallida, 346 pusilla pusilla, 348 " arenacea, 348 " arizonae, 346 wortheni, 348

Spoonbill, Roseate, 115

Sporophila morelleti sharpei, 368

Squatarola squatarola, 161

Starling, 314

Starnoenas cyanocephala, 196

Steganopodes, 72

Stegonopus tricolor, 138

Stelgidopteryx serripennis, 374

Stellula calliope, 278

Stercorariidae, 35

Stercorarius longicaudus, 37 parasiticus, 37 pomarinus, 36

Sterna aleutica, 54 anaetheta, 56 antillarum, 55 caspia, 50 dougalli, 54 elegans, 51 forsteri, 53 fuscata, 55 hirundo, 53 maxima, 51 paradisaea, 54 sandvicensis acuflavida, 52 trudeaui, 52

Stilt, Black-necked, 139

Stint, Long-toed, 149

Strigidae, 227

Strix occidentalis caurina, 231 " occidentalis, 231 varia allogilva, 231 " alleni, 229 " varia, 229

Sturnella magna magna, 317 " argutula, 319 " hoopesi, 317 " neglecta, 319

Sturnidae, 314

Sturnus vulgaris, 314

Sula bassana, 76 brewsteri, 75 cyanops, 74 leucogactra, 75 nebouxi, 74 piscator, 75

Sulidae, 74

Surf Bird, 169

Sunia ulula ulula, 237 " caparoch, 238

Swallow, Bahama, 374 Bank, 374 Barn, 373 Cliff, 372 Cuban Cliff, 373 Mexican Cliff, 373 Northern Violet-green, 374 Rough-winged, 374 San Lucas, 374 Tree, 373

Swallow-tailed Kite, 201

Swan, Trumpeter, 114 Whistling, 114 Whooping, 114

Swift, Black, 268 Chimney, 269 Vaux's, 270 White-throated, 270

Slyviidae, 433

Sylthliboramphus antiquus, 26 Tachycineta thalassina lepida, 374 " brachyptera, 374

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Tanager, Cooper's, 370 Hepatic, 370 Western, 369 Scarlet, 369 Summer, 370

Tangaridae, 369

Tangavius aeneus involucratus, 315

Tattler, Wandering, 156

Teal, Blue-winged, 93 Cinnamon, 93 European, 82 Green-winged, 92

Telmatodytes palustris, 429 " griseus, 429 " marianae, 429 " paludicola 429 " plesius, 429 " palustris, 429

Tern, Aleutian, 54 Arctic, 54 Black, 56 Bridled, 56 Cabot's, 52 Caspian, 50 Common, 53 Elegant, 51 Forster's, 53 Gull-billed, 50 Least, 55 Roseate, 54 Royal, 51 Sooty, 55 Trudeau's, 52 White-winged Black, 57

Thalassidroma pelagica, 68

Thalassogeron culminatus, 60

Thrasher, Bendire's, 422 Brown, 421 California, 422 Crissal, 423 Curve-billed, 421 Desert, 423 Leconte's, 423 Mearns's, 422 Palmer's, 422 Sage, 419 San Lucas, 422 Sennett's, 421

Thrush, Alaska Hermit, 445 Audubon's Hermit, 445 Bicknell's, 443 Dwarf Hermit, 446 Gray-cheeked, 443 Hermit, 446 Olive-backed, 445 Northern Varied, 448 Red-winged, 446 Russet-backed, 443 Varied, 448 Willow, 443 Wood, 442

Thryomanes bewicki bairdi, 426 bewicki bewicki, 426 " calophonus, 426 " charienturus, 426 " cryptus, 426 " spilurus, 426 brevicauda, 426 leucophrys, 426

Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus, 425 ludovicianus lomitensis, 425 " miamensis, 425

Tiaris bicolor, 368 canora, 368

Titlark, 418

Titmouse, Ashy, 434 Black-crested, 433 Bridled, 434 Gray, 434 Plain, 434

Tufted, 433

Totanus flavipes, 153 melanoleucus, 153

Towhee, 358 Abert's, 361 Anthony's, 361 Arctic, 358 California, 360 Canon, 360 Green-tailed, 361 Guadalupe, 360 Large-billed, 360 Mountain, 360 Oregon, 360 San Clemente, 360 San Diego, 360 San Lucas, 360 Spurred, 358 White-eyed, 358

Toxostima bendirei, 422 cinereum cinereum, 422 " mearnsi, 422 crissale, 423 curvirostre curvirostre, 421 " palmeri, 422 lecontei lecontei, 423 lecontei arenicola, 423 longirostre sennetti, 421 redivivum, 422 rufum, 421

Tree Duck, Black-bellied, 113 Fulvous, 113

Tringa canutus, 146

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Trochilidae, 271

Troglodytes aedon aedon, 427 " parkmani, 427

Troglodytidae, 423

Trogon ambiguus, 246 Coppery-tailed, 246

Trogonidae, 246

Tropic Bird, Red-billed, 73 Red-tailed, 73 Yellow-billed, 72

Troupial.

Tryngites subruficollis, 158

Tubinares, 59

Turdidae, 442

Turdus musicus, 446

Turkey, Florida, 191 Merriam's, 190 Rio Grande, 191 Wild, 190

Turnstone, 169 Black, 170 Ruddy, 169

Tympanuchus americanus americanus, 185 americanus attwateri, 186 cupido, 186 pallidicinctus, 187

Tyrannidae, 280

Tyrannus dominicensis, 283 melancholicus couchi, 283 tyrannus, 281 verticalis, 283 vociferans, 284

Uria lomvia lomvia, 30 " arra, 31 troille troille, 29 " californica, 30

Urubitinga anthracina, 213

Vanellus vanellus, 161

Veery, 443

Verdin, 439 Cape, 439

Vermivora bachmani, 387 pinus, 387 celata celata, 389 " lucescens, 389 " sordida, 390 chrysoptera, 388 luciae, 388 peregrina, 390

Vermivora rubricapella gutturalis 389 " rubricapella 389 virginiae, 388

Vireo, Anthony's, 384 atricapillus, 383 Bell's, 384 belli belli, 384 belli pusillus, 385 Bermuda, 384 Black-capped, 383 Black-whiskered, 378 Blue-headed, 382 Cassin's, 382 griseus bermudianus, 384 " maynardi, 383 " micrus, 384 Gray, 385 Hutton's, 384 huttoni huttoni, 384 " obscurus, 384 " stephensi, 384 Key West, 383 Least, 385 Mountain, 383 Philadelphia, 380 Plumbeous, 382 Red-eyed, 380 San Lucas, 383 Small White-eyed, 384 Stephens's, 383 vicinior, 385 Warbling, 380 Western Warbling, 382 White-eyed, 383 Yellow-green, 380 Yellow-throated, 382

Vireonidae, 378

Vireosylva calidris barbatula, 378 flavoviridis, 380 gilva gilva, 380 " swainsoni, 382 olivacea, 380 philadelphica, 380

Vulture, Black, 199 California, 198 Turkey, 199

Wagtail Alaska Yellow, 418 Swinhoe's, 418 White, 418

Warbler, Alaska Yellow, 392 Audubon's, 395 Bachman's, 387 Bay-breasted, 398 Black and White, 385 Blackburnian, 399 Black-fronted, 395 Black-poll, 399 Black-throated Blue, 394 Black-throated Gray, 402 Black-throated Green, 403 Blue-winged, 387 Cairns's, 394 Calaveras, 389 Canada, 415

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Cape May, 391 Cerulean, 396 Chestnut-sided, 398 Connecticut, 410 Dusky, 390 Golden-cheeked, 402 Golden Pileolated, 415 Golden-winged, 388 Grace's, 401 Hermit, 405 Hooded, 414 Kennicott's Willow, 439 Kentucky, 410 Kirtland's, 404 Lucy's, 388 Lutescent, 389 Macgillivray's, 411 Magnolia, 396 Mangrove, 394 Mourning, 411 Myrtle, 395 Nashville, 389 Northern Parula, 390 Olive, 391 Orange-crowned, 389 Palm, 405 Parula, 390 Pileolated, 414 Pine, 405 Prairie, 407 Prothonotary, 386 Red-faced, 417 Sennett's, 391 Sonora Yellow, 392 Swainson's, 386 Sycamore, 401 Tennessee, 390 Townsend's, 403 Virginia's, 388 Wilson's, 414 Worm-eating, 386 Yellow, 392 Yellow Palm, 405 Yellow-throated, 401

Water Thrush, 409 Grinnell's, 409 Louisiana, 409

Water Turkey, 77

Waxwing, Bohemian, 375 Cedar, 375 Wheatear, 448 Greenland, 448

Whimbrel, 160

Whip-poor-will, 263 Stephens's, 264

Widgeon, European, 91

Willet, 155 Western, 156

Wilsonia canadensis, 415 citrina, 414 pusilla pusilla, 414 " chryseola, 415 " pileolata, 414

Woodcock, 140 European, 140

Woodpecker, Alaska Three-toed, 254 Alpine Three-toed, 254 Ant-eating, 256 Arctic Three-toed, 253 Arizona, 252 Batchelder's, 251 Cabanis's, 250 California, 257 Downy, 251 Gairdner's, 251 Gila, 258 Golden-fronted, 258 Hairy, 250 Harris's, 250 Ivory-billed, 249 Lewis's, 257 Narrow-fronted, 257 Nelson's Downy, 251 Northern Hairy, 250 Northern Pileated, 256 Nuttall's, 252 Pileated, 255 Queen Charlotte, 250 Red-bellied, 257 Red-cockaded, 251 Red-headed, 256 Rocky Mountain Hairy, 250 San Lucas, 252 Southern Downy, 251 Southern Hairy, 250 Texas, 252 Three-toed, 253 White-headed, 253 Willow, 251

Wren, Alaska, 428 Aleutian, 428 Baird's, 426 Bewick's, 426 Bryant's Cactus, 424 Cactus, 423 Canyon, 425 Carolina, 425 Dotted Canyon, 425 Florida, 425 Guadalupe, 426 Guadalupe Rock, 424 House, 427 Kadiak Winter, 428

Page 472

Lomita, 425 Long-billed Marsh, 429 Marian's Marsh, 429 Seattle, 426 Rock, 424 San Clemente, 426 Short-billed Marsh, 428 San Diego, 426 San Lucas Cactus, 424 Texas, 426 Tule, 429 Vigors's, 426 Western House, 427 Western Marsh, 429 Western Winter, 428 White-throated, 424 Winter, 427 Worthington's Marsh, 429

Wren-tit, 437 Pallid, 437

Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, 315

Xanthoura luxuosa glaucescens, 308

Xema sabini, 49

Xenopicus albolarvatus, 253

Yellow-legs, 153 Greater, 153

Yellow-throat, Belding's, 413 Florida, 412 Maryland, 412 Pacific, 412 Rio Grande, 413 Salt Marsh, 412 Western, 412

Zamelodia ludoviciana, 365 melanocephala, 365

Zenaida zenaida, 194

Zenaidura macroura carolinensis, 193

Zonotrichia albicollis, 345 coronata, 343 leucophrys leucophrys, 343 " gambeli, 343 " nuttalli, 343 querula, 342



Page 473



Birds of Eastern North America

By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.

The Bird Book of the year. It is authentic. The author KNOWS birds. He has studied them for thirty years—in the hand, for plumage, and in their haunts, for habits. He has studied them in their homes and has photographed hundreds as they were actually feeding their young. Besides being able to write about these things in an interesting and instructive manner, he is classed as one of the foremost bird artists in America. This rare combination of Artist-Author-Naturalist has produced, in "Birds of Eastern North America," the ultimate bird book.

The technical descriptions aided by the pictures give perfect ideas of the plumage of adults and young.

The descriptive text gives the important and characteristic features in the lives of the various species.

The illustrations—well, there are 408 PICTURES IN NATURAL COLORS; they show practically every species, including male, female, and young when the plumages differ, and they are perfectly made by the best process.

Bound in cloth, handsomely illuminated in gold; 464 pages (41/2 x 61/2); 408 colored illustrations; every bird described and pictured.

$3.00 postpaid

Color Key To N. A. Birds

By F. M. CHAPMAN and C. A. REED

This might well be called an illustrated dictionary of North American birds, the male of each species being shown in COLOR from pen and ink drawings. Uniform with Egg Book. 350 pages.

$2.50 net



Page 474



LAND BIRDS

By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.

An illustrated, pocket text book that enables anyone to quickly identify any song or insectivorous bird found east of the Rocky Mountains. It describes their habits and peculiarities; tells you where to look for them and describes their nests, eggs and songs.

EVERY BIRD IS SHOWN IN COLOR, including the females and young where the plumage differs, from watercolor drawings by the four-color process. The illustrations are the BEST, the MOST ACCURATE, and the MOST VALUABLE ever printed in a bird book.

"LAND BIRDS" is the most popular and has the LARGEST SALE (over 300,000 copies) of any bird book published in this country. It is used and recommended by our leading ornithologists and teachers. 230 pages.

Bound in Cloth, 75c. net; in Leather, $1.00 net; postage 5c.

WATER BIRDS

By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.

This book is uniform in size and scope with LAND BIRDS. It includes all of the Water Birds, Game Birds and Birds of Prey, east of the Rockies. Each species is ILLUSTRATED IN COLOR from oil paintings; the bird, its habits and nesting habits are described.

The pictures show more than 230 birds in color, every species found in our range. They exceed in number those in any other bird book. In quality they cannot be surpassed—exquisite gems, each with an attractive background, typical of the habits of the species.

"LAND BIRDS" and "WATER BIRDS" are the only books, regardless of price, that describe and show in color every bird. 250 pages, neatly boxed.

Bound in Cloth, $1.00 net; in Leather, $1.25 net; postage 5c.



Page 475



THE TREE GUIDE

By JULIA ELLEN ROGERS

Author of "The Tree Book"

The Tree Guide is uniform in style and size with the well known pocket Bird Guides which have become so universally popular. It contains illustrations (32 of them colored and many in black and white) and descriptions of every tree east of the Rocky Mountains. The descriptions include the range, the classification, the distinctive features such as flowers, leaves, fruit, etc., and all other marks that lead to an easy identification of the tree. No detail that will help the student has been omitted and the small size of the volume, about the length and width of the hand, makes it convenient to carry. An ideal volume for expert naturalist or amateur for field work or even more exhaustive study.

32 illustrations in color; many in black and white.

Cloth, net, $1.00. Leather, net, $1.25

Animal Post Cards

We have been fortunate in securing from the well known artist, Harry F. Harvey, a number of his best paintings of our North American Wild Animals. These have been Faithfully reproduced in NATURAL COLORS, postcard size, and are by far, twenty-five of the best animal cards ever published.

Ask your dealer for the "REED NATURE CARDS."

25 Animals, 25 Birds, 50 Wild Flowers.

ALL IN NATURAL COLORS

If your dealer is out of them we will fill your order (postpaid).

25 Animals for 50c; 25 Birds for 25c; 50 Flowers for 50c.

Special—The complete set of 100 accurately colored cards postpaid, $1.00.

Send for list of Nature Books in Colors.

CHAS. K. REED WORCESTER, MASS.



Page 476

Wild Flowers East of the Rockies

BY

CHESTER A. REED

The latest flower book. In a class by itself. Original, beautiful, compact, complete, interesting. Pictures 320 flowers, ALL IN COLOR. 450 pages.

Handsomely bound; boxed. $2.50 net; postage 15c



Page 477

American Game Birds

By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.

Over ONE HUNDRED SPECIES OF GAME BIRDS are faithfully depicted by the colored pictures and the text gives considerable idea of their habits and tells where they are to be found at different seasons of the year.

This book is prepared especially at the request of a large number of sportsmen for a concise guide devoted solely to game birds and figuring all species.

Remember that it is the ONLY book at any price that figures all these game birds in their proper colors. It is the real sportsmen's guide and companion. Nicely bound and boxed.



Price 60 cents; postage 5 cents



Page 478



North American Birds' Eggs

By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.

This is the only book on the market that gives illustrations of the eggs of all North American birds. Each egg is shown FULL SIZE, photographed directly from an authentic and well marked specimen. There are a great many full-page plates of nests and eggs in their natural situations.

The habitat and habits of each bird are given.

It is finely printed on the best of paper and handsomely bound in cloth. 350 pages—6 x 9 inches.

$2.50 net

Nature Studies—In Field and Wood

By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.

This book is destined to be one of the most important that the author has written. Absorbingly interesting in itself, yet its greatest value will lie in the fact that it will lead the reader to realize how blind he has been to the many wonderful things that are happening on every hand.

The brook, the pond, the field, the woods, the swamps and even the back yards yield quantities of very interesting subjects for study. This book treats entertainingly of many of these interesting creatures, but its chief aim is to be an "awakener"—to arouse within the reader the desire to go out and verify some of the facts given, or to do some original investigation himself. Such studies develop the senses of perception and observation immensely, and the one who is "alive" to what is going on about him surely is better able to cope with all situations in life than one who sees nothing until it is forcibly brought to his attention.

112 pages; size—51/2 x 71/2 in. 40 illustrations in color, and black and white.

60c. net; postage 10c.



Page 479



Camera Studies of Wild Birds in Their Homes

By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.

"CAMERA STUDIES" affords everyone an opportunity for a very intimate study of bird life. A good photograph of an event together with an interesting description of it is the next best thing to witnessing the event itself.

"CAMERA STUDIES" has 250 photographs of events right in birds' home. These pictures are selected from the author's collection of over 2000 bird photographs, this being one of the best collections of pictures of free, living wild birds in existence.

Many rare and interesting poses are faithfully shown by the camera. For instance, a pair of adult Chipping Sparrows, standing on a branch by the sides of their four young, are engaged in pulling apart a large worm that was too large to be given whole.

The stories accompanying these pictures are as interesting as the photographs and above all they are all actual facts.

300 pages, 51/2 x 71/2 in.; 250 photographs of living, wild birds.

Handsomely bound in Cloth, $2.00 net; postage 20c.

Western Bird Guide

This new book, a companion and uniform in size to the Bird and Flower Guides East of the Rockies, is much more complete and shows every species of bird, BOTH LAND AND WATER to be found IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS and westward to the PACIFIC COAST, and from Mexico north to the Arctic regions. EVERY BIRD IN NATURAL COLORS.

320 of them are faithfully pictured, and the text gives the more prominent identifying features, as well as the habits, haunts and all about their nests and eggs. 256 pages, bound and neatly boxed.

In Sock Cloth, $1.00 net; in Leather, $1.25 net; postage 5c.

CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS.



Page 480

FIELD GLASSES



FOR BIRD STUDY

or equally good for the mountains, seashore or theatre, or whenever a large, clear image of an object is desired.

We carefully examined more than a hundred makes of field glasses, to select the ones best adapted for bird study.

We found one make that was superior to any other of the same price and equal optically, and nearly as well made as those costing three times as much.

They magnify about three diameters, and have an unusually large field of vision or angle of view, making it easy to find a bird or keep him in sight. Price only $5.00 postpaid.

CHAS. K. REED WORCESTER, MASS.

THE END