[Page 319] Nanking, chief city of Kiangsu province, 25, 26 called Kiangning by the Manchus, 26 pillaged by Tartars, 129 Nanking, treaty of, 7 Nan-peh Chao, "Northern and Southern Kingdoms" four factions arising on the fall of the Tsin dynasty, 116 Napier, Lord, appointed superintendent of British trade in China, 153 arrives at Macao and announces his appointment by letter to the prefect of Canton, who "tosses it back," 153 dies of chagrin at Macao, 153 Napoleon, Louis, and Annam, 165 Navy, the Chinese, 199-200 "Nest-builder, The," 71 Nevius, Rev. J. L., missionary at Hangchow, 23 at Chefoo, where he plants a church and a fruit garden, 32 Nevius, Mrs., at Chefoo, 32 Newspapers, reforms in, 215 covertly criticise Government and its agents, 215 Ningpo, province of Chehkiang, 19 its handsome people and their literary and commercial prominence, 20 residence of the author for ten years, 20 Ningpo River, 18 Nogi, General, and the Russo-Japanese War, 188-192

O'Connor, Mr., British charge d'affaires, 179 Omesham Mountains, 51 Opening of China, the, a drama in five acts, 149 result of collisions between Oriental conservatism and Occidental progress, 149, 150 Opium, extent of trade in, 303 20,000 chests destroyed at request of Captain Charles Elliott, 154 Opium traffic, Commissioner Lin directed by Emperor Tao Kwang to abolish it, 152 attitude of British Government, 304 decree ordering its total abolition, 304 regulations of Council of State, 305 Opium War, the, its causes, precipitation, and effects, 150-162 Oyama, Field-marshal, in the Russo-Japanese War, 187-192

P's, the three—pen, paper, and printing, invention of, 116 Palmerston, Lord, invites cooperation of France, Russia and the United States concerning the Arrow case, 164 P'an-keng, of the house of Shang, moves his capital five times, 81 P'anku, the "ancient founder," 71 [Page 320] Paoting-fu, in Chihli province, scene of martyrdom of missionaries, 40 Parker, Dr. Peter, missionary at Canton, 284 Parkes, Consul and the Arrow case, 162, 163, 164 Patachu, summer resort near Peking, 34-35 its eight Buddhist temples, 35 Pearl River, 9 Peking, northern capital of China, 34 approaches to new foreign quarter fortified, 37 Byron's lines on Lisbon applied to Peking, 39 climate and low death-rate, 38 Empress Dowager's summer residence, 34 "Forbidden City," 37 French Cathedral defended by Bishop Favier and marines, 176 Legation Street, 36 Prospect or Palatine Hill, 38 siege of legations, 175 summer palaces, 34 Tai-ping expedition against, 159 Tartar and Chinese cities, 35 Temples of Agriculture, Heaven and Earth, 35, 36 Peking Gazette, the, oldest journal in the world, 290 Philosophers of the Sung period, Cheo, Cheng, Chang, and Chu, 127-128 Philosophers: Chu Hi, 128 Wang Ngan-shi, economist, 128 Pirates, attacks of, on Mr. Russell and the author, 18 Rev. Walter Lowrie is drowned by, 18 Police, reforms in, 218 Polo, Marco, Mattei, and Nicolo, 132 sojourn in China, 132 Port Arthur and Liao-tung, 171, 174, 182, 184, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191, 192 Ports, five, opened to great Britain at close of the Opium War, 155 Portsmouth (N. H.), treaty of, 192 Portuguese, first ships of the, appear at Canton, 136 disapprove missions, 137 obtain a footing at Macao, 137 secretly oppose Dutch traders, 137 Postal system, 206 Pottinger, Sir Henry, moderate conditions imposed by, at close of Opium War, 155, 156 his action compared with that of Commodore Perry, 156 Psychology, Chinese, its recognition of three souls, 22 Punishments, barbarous, abolished, 214 Putu, the sacred island of, 18 its monasteries, 18 prevalence of piracy in adjacent waters, 18

[Page 321] Railways, King-Ran road completed to Hankow, 39 first grand trunk road, 39 good work of Belgian constructors, 39 influence of, on people and government, 40 questionable action of American company, 40 reforms in, 203 Rankin, Rev. Henry, with the author, the first white man to enter Hang-chow, 22 Reading-rooms (not libraries, but places for reading) a new institution, 216 Red-haired, the, a vulgar designation for Europeans, 151 Reed, Hon, W. B., American Minister to China, and the Arrow case, 165 Reforms in China, 196-218 Anti-foot-binding Society, 217 army, 201 customs, 206 educational, 213 Hart, Sir Robert, and, 206 legal, 204 merchant marine, 200 mining enterprises, 202 newspapers, 215 post office, 205 railways, 203 streets, 218 telegraph, 214 Tung-wen College and The Imperial University, 209-210 writing, 216 Reforms, unmentioned, 292, 301 a change of costume, 292 domestic slavery, 298 polygamy, 295 Religions, the three, Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, their characteristic features, 107 each religion has a hierarchy, 109 "Hall of the Three Religions," 108 Ricci, after twenty years of effort, effects an entrance to Peking, 138 Rice, grown in all the provinces, 3 Richard, Dr. and the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 287 Richthofen, explorer, 58 River traffic, junks drawn by hundreds of coolies, 50 Rivers, the Yang-tse Kiang, 25 Hwang Ho, 41 Hingpo, 18 Pearl, 9 Kinsha, the "river of golden sands," 52 Min, 15 Roberts, Rev. Issachar, and the leader of the Tai-pings, 160 is invited to visit their court, 160 Rockhill, Mr., the American Minister, and missionary institutions, 266 Roman Catholic missionaries, dissensions in the ranks of, 143 Roosevelt, President, his efforts to end Russo-Japanese War, 193 [Page 322] awarded Nobel peace prize, 193 interview with Dr. Martin on the subject of the Exclusion Laws and the boycott, 251 Rozhesvenski, Admiral, and the relief squadron for Port Arthur, 190-192 Russell, Mr., and the author captured by pirates, 18 Russia, compels Japan to evacuate Manchuria and occupies the same districts herself, 171 designs on Korea, 182 increases her forces in Manchuria during Boxer War, 182 obtains lease of Port Arthur, 174 schemes for conquest, 182, 183 surprised by Japan's commencement of the war, 184 Russo-Japanese War, the, 181-195

Sages of China, the, Confucius, 89-93 Lao-tse, 94 Mencius, 93-94 Saghalien, Island of, Japan and Russia to divide possession of, 192 Schaal, Father, is president of Astronomical Board, casts cannon, and builds churches in Peking, 143 Sea of Japan, Battle of, 191-192 Seng Ko Lin Sin (nicknamed "Sam Collinson" by British), Lama prince who heads northern armies against Tai-ping rebels, 59, 159 defeated by British and French before Peking, 59 Shang dynasty, founded by Shang-tang, 80 annals of, 80, 82 "made religion the basis of education," 82 Shanghai, one of the five treaty ports, 26 colleges and schools, newspapers and translation bureaux, 28 foreign Concessions, opulent business houses, and luxurious mansions, 27 leading commercial emporium, 26 Shang-ti and Tien, Roman Catholics and the terms, 143 Shangyang, a statesman of the Chou dynasty, converts the tenure of land into fee simple, 85 Shansi, province of, 54 prolific of bankers, 54 rich in agricultural and mineral resources, 54 Shantung, province of, 30-32 apples, pears, and peaches grown, 30 railway built by Germans from the sea to Tsinan-fu,30 Shanyu, a forerunner of the Grand Khan of Tartary, 111 [Page 323] Shaohing, city, in Chehkiang province noted for its rice wine and lawyers, 23 Sheffield, Dr., president of Tung-chow College, 286 Shengking, province of Manchuria, 56 Shensi, province of, earliest home of the Chinese, 55 monument at Si-ngan commemorating the introduction of Christianity by Nestorians, 55 Shi-hwang-ti, real founder of the Chinese Empire, 102 devout believer in Taoism, 104 sends a consignment of lads and lasses to Japan, 103 though one of the heroes of history he is execrated for burning the writings of Confucius, 102 Shin-nung, "divine husbandman," mythical ruler, worshipped as the Ceres of China, 72 Shu-king, the, or "Book of History," one of the Five Classics edited by Confucius, 76 Shun, successor of Yao, rejects his own son and leaves throne to Ta-yue, 74 Shunteh-fu, American mission at, 40 Shun-ti, last monarch of the Yuen dynasty, 133 Si-ngan, city in Shensi, 55 capital of the Chous, 55 capital of the T'angs, 121 Empress Dowager takes refuge there, 42 monument commemorating the introduction of Christianity by Nestonans, 121 Sing Su Hai, "Sea of Stars," cluster of lakes in Tibet, 63 Siun Kien founds the state of Wu, 112 Siu-tsai, literary degree equivalent to A. B., 122 Smith, Dr. Arthur, and thanksgiving service at raising of siege of British Legation, Peking, 178 Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 266 Solatium to encourage honesty in public officials, 208 Spaniards, the, trade and relations with China, 137 St. John's College, Shanghai, 287 Stoessel, General, and his defence of Port Arthur, 188 "Strange Stories of an Idle Student," a popular work in Chinese depicting conditions prior to Opium War, 150-151 Streets, improvement in construction and protection of, 218 Sue of Shanghai, baptised by the name of Paul by Ricci, 138 his daughter Candida also baptised, 138 Suchow, in Kiangsu, the Paris of the Far East, 25 musical dialect, of, 26 Su Ts'in, the patient diplomat, whose reputation is ruined by his own passions, 99 [Page 324] Sui dynasty, the, founded by Yan Kien, lasts less than thirty years, 117 Sundius, Mr., British consul at Wuhu, 227 Sung, one of the Nan-peh Chao, 116 Sung dynasty, founded by Chao-kwang-yun, 127 annals, 127-128 encroachment of the Tartars, 127 rise of a great school of philosophy, 127-129 Southern Sungs, 127 Superstitions of the Chinese, concerning wandering spirits, 21 Sven Hedin, explorer, 58 Swatow, Canton province, American Baptists' Mission at, 15 Szechuen, province of, 50-51 fratricidal wars under Ming dynasty, 51 great variety of climate, 51 Szema Ts'ien, the Herodotus of China, 110 barbarously treated by his people, 110

T'ai-kia, successor of Shang-tang, 80 Tai-ping Rebellion, the, a result of the Opium War, 156 details of, 157-162 Tai-pings, the, try to establish a new empire, the Tai-ping Tien-kwoh, 158 commonly called "Chang-mao," long-haired rebels, owing to their rejection of the tonsure and cue, 161 defeated by Gordon, 161 descend into the plains of Hunan, pillage three cities, and capture Nanking, massacring its garrison of 25,000 Manchus, 158-159 go into winter quarters, and, dividing their forces, are cut off in detail, 159 hold Nanking for ten years, 159 loose morals and travesty of sacred things horrify Christian world, 161 missionaries attracted by their profession of Christianity, 160 queer titles adopted by, 161 sympathy for their cause by Consul Meadows, 159 unsuccessfully attempt to drive the Manchus from Peking, 159 Tai-tsung, second emperor of the T'ang dynasty, 120 Taiyuan-fu, missionaries murdered at by the governor, 180 Ta-Ki, a wicked woman by whom Chou-sin is said to have been led into his evil courses, 81 Ta Kiang, "Great River," the Chinese name for the Yang-tse Kiang, 28 Taku, at the mouth of the Peiho, 33 capture of forts by British and French, repulse of allied forces in following year, 33 [Page 325] Tamerlane, Mongolian origin of, 61 born in Turkestan, 61 Tanao, a minister of Hwang-ti, author of the cycle of sixty, 77 T'ang dynasty, founded by Li Yuen, 118 an Augustan age, 119 annals, 119-125 Tang Shao-yi, a Chinese, one of two ministers appointed to take charge of the entire customs service, 208 Tao Kwang, Emperor, resolves to put a stop to opium traffic, 152 Tartars, encroach on the Flowery Land, 117 suspicious of other foreigners, 151 Tartary, Grand Khan of, 111 Tatnall, Commodore, his kind action at Taku, 167 Ta-ts'ing dynasty, the, its annals, 140-145 Ta-yue, or Yu the Great, early emperor, subdues the waters of a deluge, 75 casts 9 brazen tripods, 79 departs from practice of his predecessors and leaves throne to his son, 76 devotes nine years to the dredging and diking of rivers, 75 his acts and reign, 78-79 monuments commemorating his labours, 75 Telegraph and telephone, introduction of, 204-205 Temples of Heaven, Earth and Agriculture, 36 Teng-chow College, founded by Dr. C. W. Mateer, 285 Tenney, Dr., and the University of Tientsin, 213 Text-books, prepared by missionaries—Edkins, Martin, Muirhead, Williamson and Wylie, 287-288 Theatre, the Chinese, 114 Three Kingdoms, the, states of Wei, Wu and Shuh, 112 Lo Kwan-chung, author of a historical novel, 113 Tibet, the land of the Grand Lama, 62 called by the Chinese "the roof of the world," 63 Chinese influence in is nearly nil, 62 explored by Huc and Gabet, 63 mother of great rivers, 63 polyandry prevalent, 63 Tieliang, a Manchu, one of two ministers appointed to take charge of the entire customs service, 208 Tien and Shang-ti, question among Catholics concerning the terms, 143 Tien Chu, substitution of, for Shang-ti repulsive to pious Chinese, 144 Tien Ho, "River of Heaven," Chinese term for the Milky Way, 63 Tien-hwang, Ti-hwang, and Jin-hwang, three mythical rulers who reigned eighteen thousand years each, 71 [Page 326] Tiensheng, Chinese name for province of Yuennan 52 Tientsin, province of Chihli, rises anew from its half-ruined condition, 33 ranks as third of treaty ports, 34 treaties of, 166 Ti-hwang, Jin-hwang, and Tien-hwang, three mythical rulers, 71 Togo, Admiral, in Russo-Japanese War, 184, 185, 188, 191, 192 Tongking, French left in possession of, 170 Translators, corps of, Dr. John Fryer's prominent connection with, 288 Tsao Tsao founds the state of Wei, 112 Tsai Lun, inventor of paper 116 Ts'ang-Kie, the Cadmus of China, author of its written characters, 77 Ts'in dynasty, Yin Cheng brings the whole country under his sway and assumes title of Shi-Hwang-ti "Emperor First," 101 annals of, 101-104 builds Great Wall, 101 lasts for a century and a half, 116 Ts'in, Prince of, offers fifteen cities for a kohinoor, 98 Tsinan-fu, railway from the sea to, built by the Germans, 30 Tsin-shi, "Literary Doctor," degree of, 123 Tsungming, Island of, formed by the waters of the Yang-tse Kiang, 28 and Tunking coupled in popular proverb, 28 Tsushima, Battle of, 191-192 Tuan Fang, governor of Hupeh, 242-243 favourable specimen of a Manchu, 276 Tuan, Prince, father of the heir apparent, 174 Tufu, poet of the T'ang dynasty, 119 Tung-chi, Emperor, death of, 273 Tung-chou-kiun, last monarch of the Chou dynasty, 99 Turkestan, 3, 61 majority of the inhabitants Mohammedans, 61 most of the khanates absorbed by Russia, 61

Union Medical College, Peking, 285 Urga, Mongolia, a shrine for pilgrimage, 58 Uriu, Admiral, in Russo-Japanese War, 184

Verbiest, the Jesuit, made president of Board of Astronomy, 143

Wall, Great, see Great Wall Wang Chao, invents new alphabet, 217 Ward, Frederick G., the American, and the Tai-ping rebellion, 160 Ward, Hon. J. E., American minister, proceeds to Peking by land, 167 [Page 327] declines to kneel to Emperor, 168 Wei, one of the Nan-peh Chao, 116 Weihien, in Shantung, destined to become a railway centre, 30 Weihwei-fu, city on the border of Chihli and Honan, 41 Wensiang, success of Prince Kung's administration largely due to him, 277 contests with Tungsuin in extemporaneous verse, 277 Wen-ti, "patron of letters," a ruler of the house of Han, 107 Wen-wang, the real founder of the Chou dynasty, 84 encourages letters, 84 known as a commentator in the Yih-king, 84 Whales, the river near Hang-chow a trap for, 23 Wheat, produced in all the provinces, 3 Williams, Dr. S. Wells, takes charge of American Board printing press at Canton, 283 labours, 283 "The Middle Kingdom," 283 Witte, Count, and Portsmouth treaty, 193 Women in China, considered out of place in attempting to govern, 82 Writing, reform in, 216 new alphabet invented, 217 Wu, Empress, succeeds Kao-tsung and reigns for twenty-one years, 121 Wu Pa, the five dictators, 96 Wu San-kwei, a traitorous Chinese general, makes terms with the Manchus, 140-141 Wu Ti, Liang emperor, who became a Buddhist monk, 117 Wu-ti, "the five rulers," 71 Wu-ting-fang, Chinese minister at Washington, and legal reforms, 214 Wu-wang, the martial king, rescues the people from the oppression of the Shangs, 83

Xavier, St. Francis, arrives at Macao, is not allowed to land, and dies on the Island of St. John, 138

Yang, chief supporter of the leader of the Tai-pings, 157-158 Yang Chia Kow, called by foreign sailors "Yankee Cow," at the mouth of the Yellow River, 29 Yang-tse Kiang, possible Tibetan source of, 63 new islands made by, 28 Yan Kien, a Chinese general sets up the Sui dynasty, 117 Yao, type of an unselfish monarch, 73 astronomical observations, 76 passes by son in naming his successor, 73 Yeh, Viceroy, and the Arrow War, 162 [Page 328] Yellow River, source of, 63 forsakes its old bed, 29 "Yellow ruler, the," reputed inventor of letters and the cycle of sixty years, 72 Yellow Sea, why so called, 28 Yermak, 182 Yu and Li, two bad kings of the house of Chou, 88 Yuen or Mongol dynasty 131-134 Yuen Shi Kai, Viceroy, preeminent in the work of reform, 212 Yungcheng, succeeds Kanghi and reigns fourteen years, 144 Yungloh, emperor of the Ming dynasty, 136 "Thesaurus of," 136 Yuenkwei, viceregal district of, 15, 52 Yuennan, province of, 52, 53 coal measures and copper mines, 52 hundred tribes of aborigines within its borders, 52 unhealthful climate, 52

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