Oman 2,092 km

Pacific Ocean 135,663 km

Pakistan 1,046 km

Palau 1,519 km

Palmyra Atoll 14.5 km

Panama 2,490 km

Papua New Guinea 5,152 km

Paracel Islands 518 km

Paraguay 0 km (landlocked)

Peru 2,414 km

Philippines 36,289 km

Pitcairn Islands 51 km

Poland 491 km

Portugal 1,793 km

Puerto Rico 501 km

Qatar 563 km

Romania 225 km

Russia 37,653 km

Rwanda 0 km (landlocked)

Saint Helena Saint Helena: 60 km Ascension Island: NA Tristan da Cunha: 40 km

Saint Kitts and Nevis 135 km

Saint Lucia 158 km

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 120 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 84 km

Samoa 403 km

San Marino 0 km (landlocked)

Sao Tome and Principe 209 km

Saudi Arabia 2,640 km

Senegal 531 km

Serbia 0 km (landlocked)

Seychelles 491 km

Sierra Leone 402 km

Singapore 193 km

Slovakia 0 km (landlocked)

Slovenia 46.6 km

Solomon Islands 5,313 km

Somalia 3,025 km

South Africa 2,798 km

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands NA km

Southern Ocean 17,968 km

Spain 4,964 km

Spratly Islands 926 km

Sri Lanka 1,340 km

Sudan 853 km

Suriname 386 km

Svalbard 3,587 km

Swaziland 0 km (landlocked)

Sweden 3,218 km

Switzerland 0 km (landlocked)

Syria 193 km

Taiwan 1,566.3 km

Tajikistan 0 km (landlocked)

Tanzania 1,424 km

Thailand 3,219 km

Togo 56 km

Tokelau 101 km

Tonga 419 km

Trinidad and Tobago 362 km

Tromelin Island 3.7 km

Tunisia 1,148 km

Turkey 7,200 km

Turkmenistan 0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)

Turks and Caicos Islands 389 km

Tuvalu 24 km

Uganda 0 km (landlocked)

Ukraine 2,782 km

United Arab Emirates 1,318 km

United Kingdom 12,429 km

United States 19,924 km

United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker Island: 4.8 km Howland Island: 6.4 km Jarvis Island: 8 km Johnston Atoll: 34 km Kingman Reef: 3 km Midway Islands: 15 km Palmyra Atoll: 14.5 km

Uruguay 660 km

Uzbekistan 0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline

Vanuatu 2,528 km

Venezuela 2,800 km

Vietnam 3,444 km (excludes islands)

Virgin Islands 188 km

Wake Island 19.3 km

Wallis and Futuna 129 km

West Bank 0 km (landlocked)

Western Sahara 1,110 km

World 356,000 km note: 98 nations and other entities are islands that border no other countries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Baker Island, Barbados, Bassas da India, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Cyprus, Dominica, Europa Island, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Greenland, Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Howland Island, Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, Jarvis Island, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Juan de Nova Island, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru, Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka, Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tromelin Island, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis and Futuna, Taiwan

Yemen 1,906 km

Zambia 0 km (landlocked)

Zimbabwe 0 km (landlocked)

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2061 Imports - partners (%)

Afghanistan Pakistan 38.6%, US 9.5%, Germany 5.5%, India 5.2%, Turkey 4.1%, Turkmenistan 4% (2005)

Albania Italy 29.3%, Greece 16.4%, Turkey 7.5%, China 6.6%, Germany 5.4%, Russia 4% (2005)

Algeria France 28.1%, Italy 7.8%, Spain 7.2%, China 6.6%, Germany 6.3%, US 5.5% (2005)

American Samoa Australia 66%, Samoa 13.8%, NZ 10.8% (2005)

Andorra Spain 53.2%, France 21.1% (2005)

Angola South Korea 20.5%, Portugal 13.4%, US 12.5%, South Africa 7.4%, Brazil 7%, France 5.1%, China 5% (2005)

Anguilla US, Puerto Rico, UK (2004)

Antigua and Barbuda US 21.1%, China 16.4%, Germany 13.3%, Singapore 12.7%, Spain 6.5% (2005)

Argentina Brazil 35.9%, US 14.1%, China 7.8%, Germany 4.5% (2005)

Armenia Russia 13.5%, Belgium 8%, Germany 7.9%, Ukraine 7%, Turkmenistan 6.3%, US 6.2%, Israel 5.8%, Iran 5%, Romania 4.2% (2005)

Aruba US 55.9%, Netherlands 12.9%, UK 3.8% (2005)

Australia US 13.9%, China 13.7%, Japan 11%, Singapore 5.6%, Germany 5.6% (2005)

Austria Germany 45.9%, Italy 6.6%, Switzerland 4.5% (2005)

Azerbaijan Russia 17%, UK 9.1%, Singapore 9.1%, Turkey 7.4%, Germany 6.1%, Turkmenistan 5.8%, Ukraine 5.4%, China 4.1% (2005)

Bahamas, The US 20.1%, South Korea 18%, Brazil 16.9%, Spain 7%, Italy 5.8%, Germany 4.8% (2005)

Bahrain Saudi Arabia 36.5%, Japan 6.6%, Germany 6.4%, US 5.4%, UK 5%, UAE 4.1% (2005)

Bangladesh India 14.1%, China 13.5%, Kuwait 8.5%, Singapore 6.2%, Japan 4.1%, Hong Kong 4.1% (2005)

Barbados US 37.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 22.1%, UK 5.5%, Japan 5.2% (2005)

Belarus Russia 60.6%, Germany 6.7%, Ukraine 5.4% (2005)

Belgium Netherlands 17.8%, Germany 17.2%, France 11.4%, UK 6.8%, Ireland 6.5%, US 5.4% (2005)

Belize US 31%, Mexico 11.6%, Russia 8.8%, Cuba 6%, Guatemala 5.6%, China 4.6%, Spain 4.5% (2005)

Benin France 21.8%, Ghana 7.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 7%, China 6.7%, UK 5.2%, Belgium 4.9%, Togo 4.5%, Thailand 4.2%, Nigeria 4% (2005)

Bermuda France 38.9%, South Korea 20.9%, US 15.5% (2005)

Bhutan Hong Kong 66.6%, Mexico 20.2%, France 3.8% (2005)

Bolivia Brazil 21.9%, Argentina 16.7%, US 13.8%, Chile 6.9%, Peru 6.5%, Japan 6.1%, China 5.8% (2005)

Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia 24.7%, Germany 13.6%, Slovenia 13%, Italy 11%, Austria 6.9%, Hungary 5.5% (2005)

Botswana Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 74%, EFTA 17%, Zimbabwe 4% (2004)

Brazil US 17.5%, Argentina 8.5%, Germany 8.4%, China 7.3%, Japan 4.6% (2005)

British Virgin Islands Virgin Islands (US), Puerto Rico, US (2004)

Brunei Singapore 32.7%, Malaysia 23.3%, Japan 6.9%, UK 5.3%, Thailand 4.5%, South Korea 4% (2005)

Bulgaria Russia 15.6%, Germany 13.6%, Italy 9%, Turkey 6.1%, Greece 5%, France 4.7% (2005)

Burkina Faso France 23.9%, Cote d'Ivoire 23.3%, Togo 6.7% (2005)

Burma China 28.8%, Thailand 21.8%, Singapore 18.4%, Malaysia 7.6% (2005)

Burundi Kenya 12.9%, Tanzania 10.5%, Belgium 10.4%, Italy 8.1%, France 5.4%, Uganda 5.3%, China 5%, India 4.1% (2005)

Cambodia Hong Kong 16.1%, China 13.6%, France 12.1%, Thailand 11.2%, Taiwan 10.2%, South Korea 7.5%, Vietnam 7.1%, Singapore 4.9%, Japan 4.1% (2005)

Cameroon France 24%, Nigeria 12%, Belgium 6.3%, China 5.6%, US 5.1%, Thailand 4.5%, Germany 4.2% (2005)

Canada US 56.7%, China 7.8%, Mexico 3.8% (2005)

Cape Verde Portugal 40.9%, Italy 7.8%, Netherlands 7.2%, Spain 5.5%, Brazil 5.3%, France 4.7%, Belgium 4.6% (2005)

Cayman Islands US, Netherlands Antilles, Japan (2004)

Central African Republic France 16.6%, Netherlands 10.3%, Cameroon 9.7%, US 7.3% (2005)

Chad France 21.2%, Cameroon 15.5%, US 12.1%, Belgium 6.8%, Portugal 4.6%, Saudi Arabia 4.3%, Netherlands 4.1% (2005)

Chile Argentina 14.8%, US 14.6%, Brazil 11.7%, China 7.8%, South Korea 4.8%, Yemen 4.4% (2005)

China Japan 15.2%, South Korea 11.6%, Taiwan 11.2%, US 7.4%, Germany 4.6% (2005)

Christmas Island principally Australia (2004)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australia (2004)

Colombia US 28.5%, Mexico 8.3%, China 7.6%, Brazil 6.5%, Venezuela 5.7% (2005)

Comoros France 19.2%, Kenya 18.2%, UAE 8.5%, South Africa 6.3%, Pakistan 5.6%, Belgium 4% (2005)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the South Africa 18%, Belgium 15.6%, France 8.8%, Zambia 6.7%, Kenya 6.2%, Germany 4.5%, US 4.4%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.2%, Netherlands 4% (2005)

Congo, Republic of the France 23.2%, China 10.2%, US 7.3%, India 7.2%, Italy 6.7%, Belgium 4.6% (2005)

Cook Islands New Zealand 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan 2% (2004)

Costa Rica US 41.3%, Japan 5.6%, Venezuela 4.8%, Mexico 4.8%, Ireland 4.3%, Brazil 4.2%, China 4.2% (2005)

Cote d'Ivoire France 27.7%, Nigeria 24.5%, Singapore 6.6% (2005)

Croatia Italy 15.9%, Germany 14.9%, Russia 9.1%, Slovenia 6.8%, Austria 5.8%, China 4.7%, France 4.2% (2005)

Cuba China 14.5%, Spain 13.7%, Canada 8.4%, US 8.3%, Germany 7.2%, Brazil 5.6%, Italy 5.6%, Mexico 5.1%, Japan 4% (2005)

Cyprus Greece 17.3%, Italy 10.3%, UK 9%, Germany 8.4%, Israel 7.1% (2005)

Czech Republic Germany 30%, Russia 5.7%, Slovakia 5.4%, China 5.1%, Poland 5%, Italy 4.8%, France 4.5%, Netherlands 4% (2005)

Denmark Germany 20.5%, Sweden 13.8%, Norway 6.6%, Netherlands 6.5%, UK 5.9%, China 4.7%, France 4.2%, Italy 4.1% (2005)

Djibouti Saudi Arabia 21.9%, India 18.7%, China 10.1%, Ethiopia 4.8%, France 4.7%, US 4.3%, Japan 4.2% (2005)

Dominica US 25.5%, China 20.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 12.4%, South Korea 7.1%, Japan 4.7%, UK 4.4% (2005)

Dominican Republic US 50%, Colombia 6.2%, Mexico 5.8% (2005)

Ecuador US 22.1%, Colombia 14.8%, Venezuela 7.7%, Brazil 7.2%, China 5.2% (2005)

Egypt US 10.5%, Germany 7%, China 6.4%, France 6.3%, Italy 5.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.8% (2005)

El Salvador US 43.4%, Guatemala 8.2%, Mexico 7.8% (2005)

Equatorial Guinea US 24.5%, Italy 20.5%, France 12.1%, Spain 10.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 8.6%, UK 6.9% (2005)

Eritrea Germany 21.3%, Italy 19.5%, France 15.3%, US 12.3%, Ireland 7.9%, Jordan 5.5% (2005)

Estonia Finland 19.8%, Germany 13.9%, Russia 9.2%, Sweden 8.9%, Lithuania 6%, Latvia 4.7% (2005)

Ethiopia Saudi Arabia 14.7%, China 12.6%, US 12.4%, India 6.7%, Italy 4.6% (2005)

European Union US 13.8%, China 13.4%, Russia 8.2%, Japan 6.2% (2005)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) UK 72.5%, US 15.1%, Netherlands 8.5% (2005)

Faroe Islands Denmark 47.4%, Norway 18.7%, Germany 8.4%, Spain 7.8%, Iceland 4.9% (2005)

Fiji Singapore 27.5%, Australia 23.7%, NZ 19%, Thailand 4.5% (2005)

Finland Germany 16.2%, Sweden 14.1%, Russia 13.9%, Netherlands 6.2%, Denmark 4.6%, UK 4.3%, China 4.2% (2005)

France Germany 18.9%, Belgium 10.7%, Italy 8.3%, Spain 7%, Netherlands 6.6%, UK 5.9%, US 5.1% (2005)

French Polynesia France 52.7%, Singapore 14.9%, NZ 6.8%, US 6.6% (2005)

Gabon France 40.5%, US 6.4%, Cameroon 4.2% (2005)

Gambia, The China 21.5%, Senegal 11.4%, Cote d'Ivoire 8.5%, Brazil 5.6%, US 5.3%, UK 5.2%, Netherlands 4.1% (2005)

Gaza Strip Israel, Egypt, West Bank (2004)

Georgia Russia 15.4%, Turkey 11.4%, Azerbaijan 9.4%, Ukraine 8.8%, Germany 8.3%, US 6% (2005)

Germany France 8.7%, Netherlands 8.5%, US 6.6%, China 6.4%, UK 6.3%, Italy 5.7%, Belgium 5%, Austria 4% (2005)

Ghana Nigeria 15.2%, China 12.5%, US 6.3%, UK 5.2%, South Africa 4.5%, Brazil 4.1%, Netherlands 4% (2005)

Gibraltar Spain 23.4%, Russia 12.3%, Italy 12%, UK 9%, France 8.9%, Netherlands 6.8%, US 4.7% (2005)

Greece Germany 12.7%, Italy 12.4%, Russia 7.8%, France 5.7%, Netherlands 5.5%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2005)

Greenland Denmark 67.1%, Sweden 19.2%, Ireland 3.5% (2005)

Grenada Trinidad and Tobago 27.6%, US 26.8%, UK 5.9% (2005)

Guam Singapore 50%, South Korea 21.4%, Japan 14%, Hong Kong 4.6% (2005)

Guatemala US 38.1%, Mexico 7.6%, El Salvador 4.8%, South Korea 4.8%, Panama 4.4% (2005)

Guernsey UK; note - regarded as internal trade (2004)

Guinea China 8.5%, US 7.3%, France 7.2%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.2%, Italy 4.7%, Belgium 4.1% (2005)

Guinea-Bissau Italy 24.8%, Senegal 18.2%, Portugal 15.4%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.2% (2005)

Guyana US 26.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 23.9%, Cuba 6.6%, UK 5%, China 4.1% (2005)

Haiti US 48.7%, Netherlands Antilles 11.9%, Brazil 3.3% (2005)

Honduras US 52.6%, Guatemala 6.4%, El Salvador 4.1% (2005)

Hong Kong China 45%, Japan 11%, Taiwan 7.2%, Singapore 5.8%, US 5.1%, South Korea 4.4% (2005)

Hungary Germany 27.5%, Russia 7.4%, China 7.1%, Austria 6.6%, France 4.9%, Italy 4.9%, Netherlands 4.3% (2005)

Iceland Germany 13.4%, US 9.1%, Sweden 8.6%, Denmark 7.3%, Norway 7.2%, UK 5.9%, China 5.3%, Netherlands 5%, Japan 4.7% (2005)

India China 7.3%, US 5.6%, Switzerland 4.7% (2005)

Indonesia Singapore 16.4%, Japan 12%, China 10.1%, US 6.7%, Thailand 6%, South Korea 5%, Saudi Arabia 4.7%, Australia 4.4% (2005)

Iran Germany 13.9%, UAE 8.4%, China 8.3%, Italy 7.1%, France 6.3%, South Korea 5.4%, Russia 4.9% (2005)

Iraq Turkey 23.3%, Syria 23%, US 11.6%, Jordan 6.2% (2005)

Ireland UK 37.1%, US 13.8%, Germany 9.2%, Netherlands 4.5% (2005)

Isle of Man UK (2004)

Israel US 13.4%, Belgium 10.1%, Germany 6.4%, UK 5.7%, Switzerland 5.5%, China 4.2% (2005)

Italy Germany 17.2%, France 9.9%, Netherlands 5.7%, China 4.6%, Belgium 4.5%, Spain 4.2% (2005)

Jamaica US 41.4%, Trinidad and Tobago 14%, Venezuela 5.5%, Japan 4.6% (2005)

Japan China 21%, US 12.7%, Saudi Arabia 5.5%, UAE 4.9%, Australia 4.7%, South Korea 4.7%, Indonesia 4% (2005)

Jersey UK (2004)

Jordan Saudi Arabia 23.6%, China 9.2%, Germany 8%, US 5.6% (2005)

Kazakhstan Russia 35.7%, China 21.3%, Germany 7.1% (2005)

Kenya UAE 20.9%, US 9.2%, India 7.7%, South Africa 6.7%, China 6.6%, Saudi Arabia 6.5%, UK 5.1% (2005)

Kiribati Australia 33%, Fiji 27.1%, Japan 18.1%, NZ 6.9% (2005)

Korea, North China 42%, South Korea 28%, Russia 9%, Thailand 8% (2005)

Korea, South Japan 18.5%, China 14.8%, US 11.8%, Saudi Arabia 6.2% (2005)

Kuwait US 14.1%, Germany 10.8%, Japan 8.4%, Saudi Arabia 6.2%, UK 5.7%, France 4.8%, China 4.5% (2005)

Kyrgyzstan China 43%, Russia 19.7%, Kazakhstan 12.1%, Turkey 4.4% (2005)

Laos Thailand 66.8%, China 9.1%, Vietnam 5.8% (2005)

Latvia Germany 13.9%, Lithuania 13.6%, Russia 8.6%, Estonia 7.9%, Poland 6.4%, Finland 5.9%, Belarus 5.8%, Sweden 5.1% (2005)

Lebanon Italy 11.1%, Syria 10.7%, France 9.2%, Germany 6.4%, China 5.4%, US 5.3%, UK 4.4%, Saudi Arabia 4.3% (2005)

Lesotho US 83.9%, Belgium 12.7%, Canada 2.4% (2005)

Liberia South Korea 38.1%, Japan 21.2%, Singapore 14.2%, Croatia 4.7% (2005)

Libya Italy 21.2%, Germany 10.3%, Tunisia 5.6%, Turkey 4.8%, UK 4.8%, France 4.7%, South Korea 4.6%, China 4.5% (2005)

Liechtenstein EU, Switzerland (2004)

Lithuania Russia 27.9%, Germany 15.1%, Poland 8.3% (2005)

Luxembourg Belgium 28.2%, Germany 21.8%, China 12.8%, France 9.6%, Netherlands 5.1% (2005)

Macau China 43.1%, Japan 10.9%, Hong Kong 10%, Singapore 5.2%, US 4.1%, Taiwan 4% (2005)

Macedonia Russia 13.2%, Germany 10.4%, Greece 9.2%, Serbia and Montenegro 8.2%, Bulgaria 7.3%, Italy 6% (2005)

Madagascar France 16.7%, China 10.6%, Iran 8%, Mauritius 6.6%, Hong Kong 5%, South Africa 4.9% (2005)

Malawi South Africa 36.9%, Zambia 9.2%, Zimbabwe 7.7%, Mozambique 7.1%, India 6.8%, Tanzania 4.9%, US 4% (2005)

Malaysia Japan 14.6%, US 13%, Singapore 11.8%, China 11.6%, Taiwan 5.6%, Thailand 5.3%, South Korea 5%, Germany 4.5% (2005)

Maldives Singapore 24.1%, UAE 15.7%, India 11.3%, Malaysia 7.2%, Sri Lanka 5.7%, UK 4.5% (2005)

Mali France 13%, Senegal 13%, Cote d'Ivoire 8.5% (2005)

Malta Italy 32.3%, UK 11.5%, France 9.6%, Germany 8%, US 5.5%, Singapore 4.1% (2005)

Marshall Islands US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China, Philippines (2004)

Mauritania France 18.2%, UK 7.1%, US 6.9%, China 6%, Spain 5%, Belgium 4.3% (2005)

Mauritius China 9.8%, South Africa 8.6%, France 7.6%, India 6.9%, Bahrain 5.2%, Finland 4.8%, Germany 4.1% (2005)

Mayotte France 66%, Africa 14%, Southeast Asia 11% (2004)

Mexico US 53.4%, China 8%, Japan 5.9% (2005)

Micronesia, Federated States of US, Japan, Hong Kong (2004)

Moldova Ukraine 20.9%, Russia 11.7%, Romania 11.2%, Germany 8.3%, Italy 6.6%, Turkey 4.1% (2005)

Mongolia Russia 34.5%, China 27.4%, Japan 7.1%, South Korea 5.3% (2005)

Montenegro Greece 10.2%, Italy 10.2%, Germany 9.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.2% (2003)

Montserrat US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada (2004)

Morocco France 18.2%, Spain 11%, Saudi Arabia 6.8%, Russia 6.8%, Italy 6.1%, China 5.2%, Germany 4.7% (2005)

Mozambique South Africa 42.9%, Netherlands 11.5%, Portugal 3.6% (2005)

Namibia South Africa 85.2%, US (2004)

Nauru South Korea 43.8%, Australia 36.2%, US 5.9%, Germany 4.3% (2005)

Nepal India 47.7%, UAE 11.2%, China 10.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.9%, Kuwait 4.2% (2005)

Netherlands Germany 16.6%, Belgium 9.3%, China 8.8%, US 7.6%, UK 5.8%, France 4.7%, Russia 4.4% (2005)

Netherlands Antilles Venezuela 50.7%, US 20.8%, Italy 4.8%, Netherlands 4.5% (2005)

New Caledonia France 39.3%, Singapore 17.5%, Australia 13.1%, NZ 5.3% (2005)

New Zealand Australia 20.9%, US 11%, Japan 11%, China 10.9%, Germany 4.9% (2005)

Nicaragua US 20.1%, Venezuela 11.9%, Costa Rica 8.9%, Mexico 8.3%, Guatemala 7%, El Salvador 5.1%, Japan 4.5%, Ecuador 4.2% (2005)

Niger France 14.5%, US 10.7%, French Polynesia 7.6%, Nigeria 7.5%, Italy 6.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.1%, Belgium 4.6%, Germany 4.5%, China 4.5% (2005)

Nigeria China 10.4%, US 7.3%, UK 6.7%, Netherlands 6%, France 5.9%, Brazil 4.3%, Germany 4.2% (2005)

Niue New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2004)

Norfolk Island Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2004)

Northern Mariana Islands US, Japan (2004)

Norway Sweden 14.6%, Germany 13.6%, Denmark 7.3%, UK 6.8%, China 5.5%, US 5%, France 4% (2005)

Oman UAE 22.4%, Japan 15.7%, UK 7.7%, US 6.7%, Germany 5.8%, India 4.2% (2005)

Pakistan Saudi Arabia 11.1%, UAE 10.3%, China 9.2%, Japan 6.4%, US 6%, Kuwait 5%, Germany 4.5% (2005)

Palau US, Singapore, Japan, South Korea (2004)

Panama US 27.5%, Netherlands Antilles 11.4%, Costa Rica 4.7%, Japan 4.5% (2005)

Papua New Guinea Australia 54.7%, Singapore 13.4%, Japan 4.3%, Malaysia 4.2% (2005)

Paraguay Brazil 27.2%, China 20.5%, Argentina 19.7%, US 5.3%, Switzerland 4.2% (2005)

Peru US 18.2%, China 8.5%, Brazil 8%, Ecuador 7.4%, Colombia 6.1%, Argentina 5.1%, Chile 5.1%, Venezuela 4.1% (2005)

Philippines US 19.2%, Japan 17%, Singapore 7.9%, Taiwan 7.5%, China 6.3%, South Korea 4.8%, Saudi Arabia 4.6%, Hong Kong 4.1% (2005)

Poland Germany 29.6%, Russia 8.7%, Italy 6.6%, Netherlands 5.9%, France 5.7% (2005)

Portugal Spain 29%, Germany 13.4%, France 8.5%, Italy 5.2%, Netherlands 4.3%, UK 4.2% (2005)

Puerto Rico US 55.0%, Ireland 23.7%, Japan 5.4% (2004)

Qatar France 11.4%, Japan 10.4%, US 10.3%, Germany 8.3%, Saudi Arabia 7.2%, UK 6.9%, Italy 6.4%, South Korea 5.5%, UAE 4.8% (2005)

Romania Italy 15.5%, Germany 14%, Russia 8.3%, France 6.8%, Turkey 4.9%, China 4.1% (2005)

Russia Germany 13.6%, Ukraine 8%, China 7.4%, Japan 6%, Belarus 4.7%, US 4.7%, Italy 4.6%, South Korea 4.1% (2005)

Rwanda Kenya 21.5%, Uganda 6.4%, Belgium 5.7%, Germany 5.5%, Israel 4.1% (2005)

Saint Helena UK 53.5%, South Africa 14.3%, Spain 10.3%, Tanzania 8.5%, US 4.6% (2005)

Saint Kitts and Nevis US 46.9%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.7%, UK 5.4%, France 4.5%, Japan 4.2% (2005)

Saint Lucia US 22.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 14.5%, Netherlands 13.6%, Argentina 6.6%, Venezuela 5.2%, UK 5.2%, France 4.5% (2005)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon France 51.3%, Canada 31.8%, Belgium 4.1% (2005)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines US 33.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 23.6%, UK 9.4%, Japan 4.2% (2005)

Samoa NZ 31%, Australia 22.6%, US 13.5%, Japan 7.5%, Fiji 6%, China 4.6% (2005)

Sao Tome and Principe Portugal 47.5%, US 17.3%, Malaysia 6.2%, Belgium 5.3% (2005)

Saudi Arabia US 14.8%, Japan 9%, Germany 8.2%, China 7.4%, UK 4.7% (2005)

Senegal France 22.8%, Nigeria 11.4%, Brazil 4.5%, Thailand 4.3%, US 4.2%, UK 4% (2005)

Seychelles Saudi Arabia 15.2%, South Africa 13.9%, Spain 13.6%, France 7.2%, Singapore 6.9%, Italy 5.7% (2005)

Sierra Leone Germany 18.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 11.1%, UK 8.4%, US 6.8%, China 5.5%, Netherlands 5.3% (2005)

Singapore Malaysia 14.4%, US 12.4%, China 10.8%, Japan 10.1%, Indonesia 5.5%, Saudi Arabia 4.7%, South Korea 4.5% (2005)

Slovakia Germany 25.1%, Czech Republic 19.3%, Russia 10.5%, Austria 6.1%, Poland 4.7%, Hungary 4.6%, Italy 4.5% (2005)

Slovenia Germany 19.5%, Italy 18.6%, Austria 12%, France 7.1%, Croatia 4.2% (2005)

Solomon Islands Australia 26.2%, Singapore 25.7%, NZ 4.7%, Fiji 4.2%, Papua New Guinea 4.1% (2005)

Somalia Djibouti 29.7%, Kenya 14.4%, India 7.9%, Brazil 7.4%, Oman 5.2%, UAE 4.9%, Yemen 4.8% (2005)

South Africa Germany 14.2%, China 9.1%, US 7.9%, Japan 6.8%, Canada 6.3%, UK 5.6%, France 4.5%, Iran 4.2% (2005)

Spain Germany 15.3%, France 14.7%, Italy 8.6%, UK 5.8%, Netherlands 5%, China 4.2% (2005)

Sri Lanka India 20.7%, Singapore 8.3%, Hong Kong 7.3%, China 7.1%, Iran 5.9%, Malaysia 4.4%, Japan 4.3% (2005)

Sudan China 20.7%, Saudi Arabia 9.4%, UAE 5.9%, Egypt 5.5%, Japan 5.1%, India 4.8% (2005)

Suriname US 29.3%, Netherlands 17.5%, Trinidad and Tobago 12.7%, China 6.5%, Japan 5.2%, Brazil 4.3% (2005)

Swaziland South Africa 95.6%, EU 0.9%, Japan 0.9%, Singapore 0.3% (2004)

Sweden Germany 17.6%, Denmark 8.9%, Norway 7.8%, UK 6.6%, Netherlands 6.2%, Finland 5.8%, France 5% (2005)

Switzerland Germany 31.6%, Italy 10.5%, France 10%, US 5.6%, Netherlands 4.8%, Austria 4.6%, UK 4.4% (2005)

Syria Saudi Arabia 11.6%, China 6.1%, Egypt 5.9%, Italy 5.8%, UAE 5.7%, Ukraine 4.6%, Germany 4.5%, Iran 4.2% (2005)

Taiwan Japan 23%, China 11.9%, US 10.9%, South Korea 7.2%, Saudi Arabia 4.9% (2006 est.)

Tajikistan Russia 19.3%, Kazakhstan 12.7%, Uzbekistan 11.5%, Azerbaijan 8.6%, China 7%, Ukraine 6.2%, Romania 4.6%, Turkmenistan 4% (2005)

Tanzania South Africa 13.1%, China 9.5%, India 7%, UAE 6%, Kenya 5.1%, UK 4.1% (2005)

Thailand Japan 22%, China 9.4%, US 7.4%, Malaysia 6.8%, UAE 4.8%, Singapore 4.6% (2005)

Togo France 17.8%, China 13.3%, Cote d'Ivoire 6.5%, Italy 4.5%, Spain 4.3% (2005)

Tokelau New Zealand (2004)

Tonga NZ 33.4%, Fiji 26.6%, Australia 10.5%, US 8.4% (2005)

Trinidad and Tobago US 27.2%, Venezuela 13.1%, Brazil 13.1%, Japan 5.4%, Canada 4.1% (2005)

Tunisia France 25.8%, Italy 23.1%, Germany 9.6%, Spain 5.6% (2005)

Turkey Germany 11.7%, Russia 11%, Italy 6.5%, China 5.9%, France 5%, US 4.6%, UK 4% (2005)

Turkmenistan UAE 12.7%, Azerbaijan 11.1%, US 9.6%, Russia 9.1%, Ukraine 7.6%, Turkey 7.3%, Iran 6.2%, Germany 5.4% (2005)

Turks and Caicos Islands US, UK (2004)

Tuvalu Fiji 46.1%, Japan 18.9%, China 18.2%, Australia 7.7%, NZ 4.1% (2005)

Uganda Kenya 32.6%, UAE 8.8%, South Africa 5.8%, India 5.8%, China 5.3%, UK 4.5%, US 4.2%, Japan 4.1% (2005)

Ukraine Russia 35.5%, Germany 9.4%, Turkmenistan 7.4%, China 5% (2005)

United Arab Emirates UK 10%, China 9.7%, US 9.4%, India 9.2%, Germany 5.9%, Japan 5.4%, France 4.7%, Singapore 4.1% (2005)

United Kingdom Germany 12.8%, US 8.7%, France 7.1%, Netherlands 6.6%, China 5%, Norway 4.7%, Belgium 4.6%, Italy 4% (2005)

United States Canada 16.9%, China 15%, Mexico 10%, Japan 8.2%, Germany 5% (2005)

Uruguay Brazil 21.3%, Argentina 20.3%, Russia 8%, US 6.7%, Venezuela 6.3%, China 6.2%, Nigeria 5.9% (2005)

Uzbekistan Russia 26.6%, South Korea 15.3%, Germany 8.8%, Kazakhstan 7.1%, China 7.1%, Turkey 4.7%, Ukraine 4.7% (2005)

Vanuatu Australia 18.4%, Japan 16.7%, Singapore 14.7%, Poland 8.5%, NZ 7.2%, Fiji 6.3% (2005)

Venezuela US 31.6%, Colombia 11%, Brazil 9.1%, Mexico 6.9% (2005)

Vietnam China 15.6%, Singapore 12.4%, Taiwan 11.7%, Japan 11.1%, South Korea 9.7%, Thailand 6.5% (2005)

Virgin Islands US, Puerto Rico (2004)

Wallis and Futuna France 97%, Australia 2%, NZ 1% (2004)

West Bank Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2004)

Western Sahara Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006)

World China 9.3%, Germany 9%, US 9%, Japan 6.1%, France 4.2% (2005)

Yemen UAE 18.9%, Saudi Arabia 8.9%, Switzerland 8.6%, Kuwait 6.7%, China 6.1%, US 4.5% (2005)

Zambia South Africa 47.6%, UK 12.6%, Zimbabwe 4.3% (2005)

Zimbabwe South Africa 52.5%, China 5.7%, Botswana 4.1% (2005)

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2062 Economic aid - donor

Australia ODA, $894 million (FY99/00)

Austria ODA, $681 million (2004)

Belgium ODA, $1.072 billion (2002)

Canada ODA, $2.6 billion (2004)

Denmark ODA, $2 billion (2004)

Finland ODA, $850,536,746.4905 (2005)

France ODA, $5.4 billion (2002)

Germany ODA, $5.6 billion (1998)

Iceland $6.7 million (2004)

Ireland ODA, $607 million (2004)

Italy ODA, $1 billion (2002 est.)

Japan ODA, $8.9 billion (2004)

Korea, South ODA, $423.3 million (2004)

Lesotho ODA, $4.4 million

Luxembourg ODA, $235.59 million (2004)

Netherlands ODA, $4 billion (2003 est.)

New Zealand ODA, $276 million

Norway ODA, $1.4 billion (1998)

Portugal ODA, $271 million (1995)

Saudi Arabia pledged $100 million in 1993 to fund reconstruction of Lebanon; since 2000, Saudi Arabia has committed $307 million for assistance to the Palestinians; pledged $230 million to development in Afghanistan; pledged $1 billion in export guarantees and soft loans to Iraq; pledged $133 million in direct grant aid, $187 million in concessional loans, and $153 million in export credits for Pakistan earthquake relief

Spain ODA, $1.33 billion (1999)

Sweden ODA, $1.7 billion (1997)

Switzerland ODA, $1.1 billion (1995)

United Arab Emirates since its founding in 1971, the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development has given about $5.2 billion in aid to 56 countries (2004)

United Kingdom ODA, $7.9 billion (2004)

United States ODA, $6.9 billion (1997)

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2063 Constitution

Afghanistan new constitution drafted 14 December 2003-4 January 2004; signed 16 January 2004

Akrotiri Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960

Albania adopted by popular referendum on 28 November 1998

Algeria 8 September 1963; revised 19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996

American Samoa ratified 2 June 1966, effective 1 July 1967

Andorra Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 4 May 1993

Angola adopted by People's Assembly 25 August 1992

Anguilla Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990

Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981

Argentina 1 May 1853; revised August 1994

Armenia adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995; amendments adopted through a nationwide referendum 27 November 2005

Aruba 1 January 1986

Australia 9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901

Austria 1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)

Azerbaijan adopted 12 November 1995

Bahamas, The 10 July 1973

Bahrain new constitution 14 February 2002

Bangladesh 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972; suspended following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986; amended many times

Barbados 30 November 1966

Belarus 15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November 1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became effective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removing presidential term limits

Belgium 7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 to create a federal state

Belize 21 September 1981

Benin adopted by referendum 2 December 1990

Bermuda 8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003

Bhutan no written constitution or bill of rights; note - in 2001, the king commissioned the drafting of a constitution, and in March 2005 publicly unveiled it; is awaiting national referendum

Bolivia 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994

Bosnia and Herzegovina the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December 1995, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of the entities also has its own constitution

Botswana March 1965, effective 30 September 1966

Brazil 5 October 1988

British Virgin Islands 1 June 1977, amended in 2000

Brunei 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)

Bulgaria adopted 12 July 1991

Burkina Faso 2 June 1991 approved by referendum, 11 June 1991 formally adopted; amended April 2000 and January 2002

Burma 3 January 1974; suspended since 18 September 1988; national convention convened in 1993 to draft a new constitution but collapsed in 1996; reconvened in 2004 but does not include participation of democratic opposition

Burundi 28 February 2005; ratified by popular referendum

Cambodia promulgated 21 September 1993

Cameroon 20 May 1972 approved by referendum, 2 June 1972 formally adopted; revised January 1996

Canada made up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicial decisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitution consists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created a federation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April 1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution from Britain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments

Cape Verde new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president; a 1999 revision created the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)

Cayman Islands 1959; revised 1962, 1972, and 1994

Central African Republic ratified by popular referendum 5 December 2004; effective 27 December 2004

Chad passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits

Chile 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 1989, 1991, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2005

China most recent promulgation 4 December 1982

Christmas Island Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992

Cocos (Keeling) Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 (23 November 1955) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992

Colombia 5 July 1991

Comoros 23 December 2001

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 18 February 2006

Congo, Republic of the approved by referendum 20 January 2002

Cook Islands 4 August 1965

Costa Rica 7 November 1949

Cote d'Ivoire approved by referendum 23 July 2000

Croatia adopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001

Cuba 24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002

Cyprus 16 August 1960; from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no longer participated in the government; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and for better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974 Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their own constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" when the Turkish Cypriots declared their independence in 1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5 May 1985, although the "TRNC" remains unrecognized by any country other than Turkey

Czech Republic ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993

Denmark 5 June 1849 adoption of original constitution; a major overhaul of 5 June 1953 allowed for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state

Dhekelia Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960

Djibouti multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992

Dominica 3 November 1978

Dominican Republic 28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002

East Timor 22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)

Ecuador 10 August 1998

Egypt 11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980 and 25 May 2005

El Salvador 23 December 1983

Equatorial Guinea approved by national referendum 17 November 1991; amended January 1995

Eritrea a transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was replaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yet implemented

Estonia adopted 28 June 1992

Ethiopia ratified December 1994, effective 22 August 1995

European Union based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris, which set up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951; the Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957; the Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union (Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and the Treaty of Nice in 2003; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty, signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years for ratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendum before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat in French and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 dealt a severe setback to the ratification process, though it has continued more slowly with Finland ratifying in December 2006; as of January 2007, 18 countries have ratified the Constitutional Treaty; Germany has made revival of the EU Constitution a goal of its EU Presidency in 2007

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998

Faroe Islands 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Fiji enacted on 25 July 1997 to encourage multiculturalism and make multiparty government mandatory; effective 28 July 1998

Finland 1 March 2000

France adopted by referendum 28 September 1958, effective 4 October 1958; amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended to comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1996 Amsterdam Treaty, 2000 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in 1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term to a five-year term; amended in 2005 to make the EU constitutional treaty compatible with the Constitution of France and to ensure that the decision to ratify EU accession treaties would be made by referendum

French Polynesia 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Gabon adopted 14 March 1991

Gambia, The 24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten and approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished January 1997

Georgia adopted 24 August 1995

Germany 23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the united Germany 3 October 1990

Ghana approved 28 April 1992

Gibraltar 30 May 1969

Greece 11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001

Greenland 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)

Grenada 19 December 1973

Guam Organic Act of Guam, 1 August 1950

Guatemala 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended 25 May 1993 by former President Jorge SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993 following ouster of president; amended November 1993

Guernsey unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Guinea 23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)

Guinea-Bissau 16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26 February 1993, 9 June 1993, NA 1996

Guyana 6 October 1980

Haiti approved March 1987; suspended June 1988 with most articles reinstated March 1989; constitutional government ousted in a military coup in September 1991, although in October 1991, military government claimed to be observing the constitution; returned to constitutional rule in October 1994; constitution, while technically in force between 2004-2006, was not enforced; returned to constitutional rule in May 2006

Holy See (Vatican City) new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)

Honduras 11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995

Hong Kong Basic Law, approved in March 1990 by China's National People's Congress, is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"

Hungary 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system

Iceland 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944; amended many times

India 26 January 1950; amended many times

Indonesia August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series of amemdments concluded in 2002

Iran 2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and eliminate the prime ministership

Iraq ratified on 15 October 2005 (subject to review by the Constitutional Review Committee and a possible public referendum in 2007)

Ireland adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937

Isle of Man unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act of 1961 does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution

Israel no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli citizenship law

Italy passed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948; amended many times

Jamaica 6 August 1962

Japan 3 May 1947

Jersey unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

Jordan 1 January 1952; amended 1954, 1955, 1958, 1960, 1965, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1984

Kazakhstan first post-independence constitution adopted 28 January 1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995

Kenya 12 December 1963; amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, 2001; note - a new draft constitution was defeated by popular referendum in 2005

Kiribati 12 July 1979

Korea, North adopted 1948; completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again in April 1992, and September 1998

Korea, South 29 October 1987

Kuwait approved and promulgated 11 November 1962

Kyrgyzstan adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by President Askar AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February 2003 significantly expanded the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature; during large-scale demonstrations in November 2006, President BAKIYEV and the opposition negotiated a new constitution granting greater powers to the parliament and the government

Laos promulgated 14 August 1991

Latvia 15 February 1922; restored to force by the Constitutional Law of the Republic of Latvia adopted by the Supreme Council on 21 August 1991; multiple amendments since

Lebanon 23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recently Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of October 1989

Lesotho 2 April 1993

Liberia 6 January 1986

Libya none; note - following the September 1969 military overthrow of the Libyan government, the Revolutionary Command Council replaced the existing constitution with the Constitutional Proclamation in December 1969; in March 1977, Libya adopted the Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority

Liechtenstein 5 October 1921

Lithuania adopted 25 October 1992

Luxembourg 17 October 1868; occasional revisions

Macau Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"

Macedonia adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991; amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights and in 2005 with amendments related to the judiciary

Madagascar 19 August 1992 by national referendum

Malawi 18 May 1994

Malaysia 31 August 1957; amended 16 September 1963

Maldives adopted 1 January 1998

Mali adopted 12 January 1992

Malta 1964 constitution; amended many times

Marshall Islands 1 May 1979

Mauritania 12 July 1991

Mauritius 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992

Mayotte 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Mexico 5 February 1917

Micronesia, Federated States of 10 May 1979

Moldova new constitution adopted 29 July 1994, effective 27 August 1994; replaced old Soviet constitution of 1979

Monaco 17 December 1962

Mongolia 12 February 1992

Montenegro 12 October 1992 (was approved by the Assembly); note - Montenegro is currently writing a new constitution set to be presented to Parliament in spring 2007

Montserrat effective 19 December 1989

Morocco 10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create bicameral legislature) September 1996

Mozambique 30 November 1990

Namibia ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990

Nauru 29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)

Nepal 9 November 1990; the government began working on an interim constitution in May 2006

Netherlands adopted 1815; amended many times, most recently in 2002

Netherlands Antilles 29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended

New Caledonia 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

New Zealand consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments, as well as The Constitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter; adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987

Nicaragua 9 January 1987; reforms in 1995 and 2000

Niger new constitution adopted 18 July 1999

Nigeria new constitution adopted May 1999

Niue 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)

Norfolk Island Norfolk Island Act of 1979, as amended in 2005

Northern Mariana Islands Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978; Covenant Agreement fully effective 4 November 1986

Norway 17 May 1814; amended many times

Oman none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal decree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be a constitution which, among other things, clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil liberties for Omani citizens

Pakistan 12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; amended 31 December 2003

Palau 1 January 1981

Panama 11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983, 1994, and 2004

Papua New Guinea 16 September 1975

Paraguay promulgated 20 June 1992

Peru 31 December 1993

Philippines 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987

Pitcairn Islands 30 November 1838; reformed 1904 with additional reforms in 1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinance of 1964

Poland adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997, passed by national referendum 25 May 1997, effective 17 October 1997

Portugal 25 April 1976; revised many times

Puerto Rico ratified 3 March 1952, approved by US Congress 3 July 1952, effective 25 July 1952

Qatar ratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by the amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005

Romania 8 December 1991; revision effective 29 October 2003

Russia adopted 12 December 1993

Rwanda new constitution adopted 4 June 2003

Saint Helena 1 January 1989

Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983

Saint Lucia 22 February 1979

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979

Samoa 1 January 1962

San Marino 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution

Sao Tome and Principe approved March 1990, effective 10 September 1990

Saudi Arabia governed according to Shari'a law; the Basic Law that articulates the government's rights and responsibilities was introduced in 1993

Senegal new constitution adopted 7 January 2001

Serbia 10 November 2006

Seychelles 18 June 1993

Sierra Leone 1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times

Singapore 3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution)

Slovakia ratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993; changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president; amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU membership

Slovenia adopted 23 December 1991

Solomon Islands 7 July 1978

Somalia 25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979 note: the formation of transitional governing institutions, known as the Transitional Federal Government, is currently ongoing

South Africa 10 December 1996; this new constitution was certified by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by then President MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 3 February 1997; it is being implemented in phases

Spain 6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978

Sri Lanka adopted 16 August 1978, certified 31 August 1978

Sudan 12 April 1973; suspended following coup of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of 30 June 1989; new constitution implemented on 30 June 1998 partially suspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR; under the CPA, Interim National Constitution ratified 5 July 2005; Constitution of Southern Sudan signed December 2005

Suriname ratified 30 September 1987

Swaziland the first constitution was signed into law in July 2005 and is scheduled to be implemented in January 2006

Sweden 1 January 1975

Switzerland revision of Constitution of 1874 approved by the Federal Parliament 18 December 1998, adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, officially entered into force 1 January 2000

Syria 13 March 1973

Taiwan 25 December 1947; amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2005 note: constitution adopted on 25 December 1946; went into effect on 25 December 1947

Tajikistan 6 November 1994

Tanzania 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984

Thailand constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON on 11 October 1997; abrogated on 19 September 2006 after coup; interim constitution promulgated on 1 October 2006; coup leaders have promised new constitution by mid 2007

Togo multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992

Tokelau administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948; amended in 1970

Tonga 4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967

Trinidad and Tobago 1 August 1976

Tunisia 1 June 1959; amended 1988, 2002

Turkey 7 November 1982

Turkmenistan adopted 18 May 1992

Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2006 (effective 9 August 2006)

Tuvalu 1 October 1978

Uganda 8 October 1995; in 2005 the constitution was amended removing presidential term limits and legalizing a multiparty political system

Ukraine adopted 28 June 1996

United Arab Emirates 2 December 1971; made permanent in 1996

United Kingdom unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice

United States 17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789

Uruguay 27 November 1966, effective February 1967; suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997

Uzbekistan new constitution adopted 8 December 1992

Vanuatu 30 July 1980

Venezuela 30 December 1999

Vietnam 15 April 1992

Virgin Islands Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954

Wallis and Futuna 4 October 1958 (French Constitution)

Yemen 16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001

Zambia 24 August 1991; amended in 1996 to establish presidential term limits

Zimbabwe 21 December 1979

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2064 Economic aid - recipient

Afghanistan international pledges made by more than 60 countries and international financial institutions at the Berlin Donors Conference for Afghan reconstruction in March 2004 reached $8.9 billion for 2004-09

Albania ODA: $366 million (top donors were Italy, EU, Germany) (2003 est.)

Algeria $313 million (2004 est.)

American Samoa important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994

Andorra none

Angola $383.5 million (1999)

Anguilla $9 million (2004 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda $1.65 million (2004)

Argentina $0 (2002)

Armenia ODA, $254 million (2004)

Aruba $-11.3 million (2004)

Azerbaijan ODA, $140 million (2000 est.)

Bahamas, The $5 million (2004)

Bahrain $150 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 from the UAE and Kuwait (2002)

Bangladesh $1.575 billion (2000 est.)

Barbados $9.1 million (1995)

Belarus $194.3 million (1995)

Belize $NA

Benin $342.6 million (2000)

Bermuda $NA

Bhutan $78 million substantial aid from India and other nations (2004)

Bolivia $221 million (2005 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina $650 million (2001 est.)

Botswana $73 million (1995)

Brazil $30 billion (2002)

British Virgin Islands $NA

Brunei $770,000 (2004)

Bulgaria $475 million (2004-06 est.)

Burkina Faso $468.4 million (2003)

Burma $127 million (2001 est.)

Burundi $105.5 million (2003)

Cambodia $504 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2005 by international donors

Cameroon in January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now totals $1.26 billion

Cape Verde $136 million (1999)

Cayman Islands $390,000 (2004)

Central African Republic ODA, $59.8 million; note - traditional budget subsidies from France (2002 est.)

Chad $238.3 million received; note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank; ODA $246.9 million (2003 est.)

Chile $0 (2002)

China $NA

Christmas Island $NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands $NA

Colombia $NA

Comoros $24 million (2003 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the $2.2 billion (FY03/04)

Congo, Republic of the $159.1 million (1995)

Cook Islands $13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish the greater part (1995)

Cote d'Ivoire ODA, $1 billion (1996 est.)

Croatia ODA, $166.5 million (2002)

Cuba $68.2 million (1997 est.)

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus - $NA; north Cyprus - $700 million from Turkey in grants and loans, which are usually forgiven (2003-06)

Czech Republic $2.4 billion in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004-06)

Djibouti $64.1 million (2004)

Dominica $29.2 million (2004 est.)

Dominican Republic $571.6 million (2004)

East Timor $153 million (2004 est.)

Ecuador $216 million (2002)

Egypt ODA, $1.12 billion (2002)

El Salvador $125 million of which, $53 million from US (2003)

Equatorial Guinea $NA

Eritrea $77 million (1999)

Estonia $108 million (2000)

Ethiopia $308 million (FY00/01)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $0 (1997 est.)

Faroe Islands $135 million (annual subsidy from Denmark) (1998)

Fiji $63.9 million (2004)

French Polynesia $580 million (2004)

Gabon $331 million (1995)

Gambia, The $59.8 million (2003)

Gaza Strip $1.14 billion; note - includes West Bank (2004 est.)

Georgia ODA, $150 million (2000 est.)

Ghana $6.9 billion

Gibraltar $NA

Greece $8 billion from EU (2000-06)

Greenland $380 million subsidy from Denmark (1997)

Grenada $15.4 million (2004)

Guam Guam receives large transfer payments from the US Federal Treasury ($143 million in 1997) into which Guamanians pay no income or excise taxes; under the provisions of a special law of Congress, the Guam Treasury, rather than the US Treasury, receives federal income taxes paid by military and civilian Federal employees stationed in Guam (2001 est.)

Guatemala $250 million (2000 est.)

Guernsey $NA

Guinea $237.5 million (2003)

Guinea-Bissau $115.4 million (1995)

Guyana $84 million (1995), Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) $253 million (1997)

Haiti $153 million (FY05 est.)

Holy See (Vatican City) $0

Honduras $557.8 million (1999)

Hungary $3.4 billion in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004-06)

India $2.9 billion (FY98/99)

Indonesia $43 billion (2002 est.) note: Indonesia finished its IMF program in December 2003 but still receives bilateral aid through the Consultative Group on Indonesia (CGI), which pledged $2.8 billion in grants and loans for 2004 and again in 2005; nearly $5 billion in aid money pledged by a variety bilateral, multilateral, and non-governmental organization (NGO) donors following the 2004 tsunami; money is slated for use in relief and rebuilding efforts in Aceh

Iran $408 million (2002 est.)

Iraq more than $33 billion in foreign aid pledged for 2004-07 (2004)

Isle of Man $NA

Israel $240 million from US (FY06)

Jamaica $18.5 million; note - US aid only (2004)

Jersey $0

Jordan ODA, $752 million (2005 est.)

Kazakhstan $74.2 million in US assistance programs, 1992-2000 (FY2004)

Kenya $453 million (1997)

Kiribati $16.7 million largely from UK and Japan (2004)

Korea, North $NA; note - approximately 350,000 metric tons in food aid, worth approximately $118 million, through the World Food Program appeal in 2004, plus additional aid from bilateral donors and non-governmental organizations

Kuwait $NA (2001)

Kyrgyzstan $50 million from the US (2001)

Laos $243 million (2001 est.)

Latvia $96.2 million

Lebanon $2.2 billion received (2003), out of the $4.2 billion in soft loans pledged at the November 2002 Paris II Aid Conference

Lesotho $41.5 million (2000)

Liberia $94 million (1999)

Libya ODA, $18 million (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein $0

Lithuania $1.6 billion (1995)

Macau $NA

Macedonia NA

Madagascar $354 million (2001)

Malawi $401.5 million (2001)

Maldives $27.9 million (2004)

Mali $472.1 million (2002)

Malta $NA

Marshall Islands $51.1 million more than $1 billion from the US, 1986-2002 (2004)

Mauritania $305.7 million (2002)

Mauritius $42 million (1997)

Mayotte $208 million; note - extensive French financial assistance (2004)

Mexico $1.166 billion (1995)

Micronesia, Federated States of $86.3 million under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US pledged $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001; the level of aid has been subsequently reduced (2004)

Moldova $100 million (2000)

Monaco $NA

Mongolia $215 million (2003)

Montenegro NA

Montserrat Country Policy Plan (2001) is a three-year program for spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance (2002 est.)

Morocco ODA, $706 million (2004)

Mozambique $632.8 million (2001)

Namibia ODA, $160 million (2000 est.)

Nauru $20 million mostly from Australia (2005)

Nepal $424 million (FY00/01)

Netherlands Antilles $21.5 million IMF provided $61 million in 2000, and the Netherlands continued its support with $40 million (2004)

New Caledonia $525 million annual subsidy from France (2004)

Nicaragua $419.5 million (2005 est.)

Niger $453.3 million (2003)

Nigeria $250 million

Niue $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)

Norfolk Island $NA

Northern Mariana Islands extensive funding from US

Oman $76.4 million (1995)

Pakistan $2.4 billion (FY01/02)

Palau $19.6 million; note - the Compact of Free Association with the US, entered into after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October 1994, provides Palau with up to $700 million in US aid over 15 years in return for furnishing military facilities (2004)

Panama $197.1 million (1995)

Papua New Guinea $NA

Paraguay $NA

Peru $491 million (2002)

Philippines ODA commitments, $2 billion (2004)

Pitcairn Islands $3.465 million (2004)

Poland $13.9 billion in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004-06)

Puerto Rico $NA

Qatar $NA

Russia in FY01 from US, $979 million (including $750 million in non-proliferation subsidies); in 2001 from EU, $200 million (2000 est.)

Rwanda $425 million (2003)

Saint Helena $12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)

Saint Kitts and Nevis $-110,000 (2004)

Saint Lucia $-21.5 million (2004)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon approximately $60 million in annual grants from France

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $10.5 million (1995); note - EU $34.5 million (2004)

Samoa $30.8 million (2004)

San Marino $NA

Sao Tome and Principe $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program

Senegal $449.6 million (2003 est.)

Serbia $2 billion pledged in 2001 to Serbia and Montenegro (disbursements to follow over several years; aid pledged by EU and US has been placed on hold because of lack of cooperation by Serbia in handing over General Ratko MLADIC to the criminal court in The Hague)

Seychelles $16.4 million (1995)

Sierra Leone $297.4 million (2003 est.)

Singapore $NA

Slovakia $12.67 billion in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2007-13)

Slovenia ODA, $484 million (2004-06)

Solomon Islands $122 million annually, mainly from Australia (2004 est.)

Somalia $60 million (1999 est.)

South Africa $487.5 million (2000)

Sri Lanka $577 million (1998)

Sudan $172 million (2001)

Suriname $46 million Netherlands provided $37 million for project and program assistance, European Development Fund $4 million, Belgium $2 million (2003)

Svalbard $8.2 million from Norway (1998)

Swaziland $104 million (2001)

Syria $180 million (2002 est.)

Tajikistan $67 million from US (2005)

Tanzania $1.2 billion (2001)

Thailand $72 million (2002)

Togo ODA, $80 million (2000 est.)

Tokelau about $4 million annually from New Zealand

Tonga $19.3 million Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02) (2004)

Trinidad and Tobago $24 million (1999 est.)

Tunisia $328 million (2004)

Turkey ODA, $635.8 million (2002)

Turkmenistan $16 million from the US (2001)

Turks and Caicos Islands $4.1 million (1997)

Tuvalu $13 million; note - major donors are Australia, Japan, and the US (1999 est.)

Uganda $959 million (2003)

Ukraine $637.7 million (1995); IMF Extended Funds Facility $2.2 billion (1998)

Uruguay $NA

Uzbekistan $91.6 million from the US (2005)

Vanuatu $37.8 million (2004)

Venezuela $74 million (2000)

Vietnam $2.8 billion in credits and grants pledged by international donors for 2000 (2004)

Virgin Islands $NA

Wallis and Futuna assistance from France

West Bank $1.14 billion; note - includes Gaza Strip (2004)

Western Sahara $NA

World $154 billion official development assistance (ODA) (2004)

Yemen $2.3 billion (2003-07 disbursements)

Zambia $640.6 million (2002)

Zimbabwe $178 million; note - the EU and the US provide food aid on humanitarian grounds (2000 est.)

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2065 Currency (code)

Afghanistan afghani (AFA)

Akrotiri Cypriot pound (CYP)

Albania lek (ALL) note: the plural of lek is leke

Algeria Algerian dinar (DZD)

American Samoa US dollar (USD)

Andorra euro (EUR)

Angola kwanza (AOA)

Anguilla East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Argentina Argentine peso (ARS)

Armenia dram (AMD)

Aruba Aruban guilder/florin (AWG)

Australia Australian dollar (AUD)

Austria euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Azerbaijan Azerbaijani manat (AZM)

Bahamas, The Bahamian dollar (BSD)

Bahrain Bahraini dinar (BHD)

Bangladesh taka (BDT)

Barbados Barbadian dollar (BBD)

Belarus Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR)

Belgium euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Belize Belizean dollar (BZD)

Benin Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Bermuda Bermudian dollar (BMD)

Bhutan ngultrum (BTN); Indian rupee (INR)

Bolivia boliviano (BOB)

Bosnia and Herzegovina marka (BAM)

Botswana pula (BWP)

Brazil real (BRL)

British Indian Ocean Territory both the British Pound (GBP) and the US Dollar (USD) are accepted

British Virgin Islands US dollar (USD)

Brunei Bruneian dollar (BND)

Bulgaria lev (BGL)

Burkina Faso Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Burma kyat (MMK)

Burundi Burundi franc (BIF)

Cambodia riel (KHR)

Cameroon Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Canada Canadian dollar (CAD)

Cape Verde Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)

Cayman Islands Caymanian dollar (KYD)

Central African Republic Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Chad Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Chile Chilean peso (CLP)

China yuan (CNY); note - also referred to as the Renminbi (RMB)

Christmas Island Australian dollar (AUD)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australian dollar (AUD)

Colombia Colombian peso (COP)

Comoros Comoran franc (KMF)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congolese franc (CDF)

Congo, Republic of the Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Cook Islands New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Costa Rica Costa Rican colon (CRC)

Cote d'Ivoire Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Croatia kuna (HRK)

Cuba Cuban peso (CUP) and Convertible peso (CUC)

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: Cypriot pound (CYP); Turkish Cypriot area: Turkish New lira (YTL)

Czech Republic Czech koruna (CZK)

Denmark Danish krone (DKK)

Dhekelia Cypriot pound (CYP)

Djibouti Djiboutian franc (DJF)

Dominica East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Dominican Republic Dominican peso (DOP)

East Timor US dollar (USD)

Ecuador US dollar (USD)

Egypt Egyptian pound (EGP)

El Salvador US dollar (USD)

Equatorial Guinea Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Eritrea nakfa (ERN)

Estonia Estonian kroon (EEK)

Ethiopia birr (ETB)

European Union euro, British pound, Bulgarian lev, Cypriot pound, Czech koruna, Danish krone, Estonian kroon, Hungarian forint, Latvian lat, Lithuanian litas, Maltese lira, Polish zloty, Romanian leu, Slovak koruna, Swedish krona; Romanian leu and Bulgarian lev added, beginning in 2007

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Falkland pound (FKP)

Faroe Islands Danish krone (DKK)

Fiji Fijian dollar (FJD)

Finland euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

France euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

French Polynesia Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)

Gabon Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States

Gambia, The dalasi (GMD)

Gaza Strip new Israeli shekel (ILS)

Georgia lari (GEL)

Germany euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Ghana cedi (GHC)

Gibraltar Gibraltar pound (GIP)

Greece euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Greenland Danish krone (DKK)

Grenada East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Guam US dollar (USD)

Guatemala quetzal (GTQ), US dollar (USD), others allowed

Guernsey British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Guernsey pound

Guinea Guinean franc (GNF)

Guinea-Bissau Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Guyana Guyanese dollar (GYD)

Haiti gourde (HTG)

Holy See (Vatican City) euro (EUR)

Honduras lempira (HNL)

Hong Kong Hong Kong dollar (HKD)

Hungary forint (HUF)

Iceland Icelandic krona (ISK)

India Indian rupee (INR)

Indonesia Indonesian rupiah (IDR)

Iran Iranian rial (IRR)

Iraq New Iraqi dinar (NID) as of 22 January 2004

Ireland euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Isle of Man British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Manx pound

Israel new Israeli shekel (ILS); note - NIS is the currency abbreviation; ILS is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) code for the NIS

Italy euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Jamaica Jamaican dollar (JMD)

Japan yen (JPY)

Jersey British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Jersey pound

Jordan Jordanian dinar (JOD)

Kazakhstan tenge (KZT)

Kenya Kenyan shilling (KES)

Kiribati Australian dollar (AUD)

Korea, North North Korean won (KPW)

Korea, South South Korean won (KRW)

Kuwait Kuwaiti dinar (KD)

Kyrgyzstan som (KGS)

Laos kip (LAK)

Latvia Latvian lat (LVL)

Lebanon Lebanese pound (LBP)

Lesotho loti (LSL); South African rand (ZAR)

Liberia Liberian dollar (LRD)

Libya Libyan dinar (LYD)

Liechtenstein Swiss franc (CHF)

Lithuania litas (LTL)

Luxembourg euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Macau pataca (MOP)

Macedonia Macedonian denar (MKD)

Madagascar Madagascar ariary (MGA)

Malawi Malawian kwacha (MWK)

Malaysia ringgit (MYR)

Maldives rufiyaa (MVR)

Mali Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Malta Maltese lira (MTL)

Marshall Islands US dollar (USD)

Mauritania ouguiya (MRO)

Mauritius Mauritian rupee (MUR)

Mayotte euro (EUR)

Mexico Mexican peso (MXN)

Micronesia, Federated States of US dollar (USD)

Moldova Moldovan leu (MDL)

Monaco euro (EUR)

Mongolia togrog/tugrik (MNT)

Montenegro euro (EUR)

Montserrat East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Morocco Moroccan dirham (MAD)

Mozambique metical (MZM)

Namibia Namibian dollar (NAD); South African rand (ZAR)

Nauru Australian dollar (AUD)

Nepal Nepalese rupee (NPR)

Netherlands euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG)

New Caledonia Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)

New Zealand New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Nicaragua gold cordoba (NIO)

Niger Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States (BCEAO)

Nigeria naira (NGN)

Niue New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Norfolk Island Australian dollar (AUD)

Northern Mariana Islands US dollar (USD)

Norway Norwegian krone (NOK)

Oman Omani rial (OMR)

Pakistan Pakistani rupee (PKR)

Palau US dollar (USD)

Panama balboa (PAB); US dollar (USD)

Papua New Guinea kina (PGK)

Paraguay guarani (PYG)

Peru nuevo sol (PEN)

Philippines Philippine peso (PHP)

Pitcairn Islands New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Poland zloty (PLN)

Portugal euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

Puerto Rico US dollar (USD)

Qatar Qatari rial (QAR)

Romania leu (ROL) is being phased out in 2006; "new" leu (RON) was introduced in 2005 due to currency revaluation: 10,000 ROL = 1 RON

Russia Russian ruble (RUR)

Rwanda Rwandan franc (RWF)

Saint Helena Saint Helenian pound (SHP)

Saint Kitts and Nevis East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Saint Lucia East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon euro (EUR)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines East Caribbean dollar (XCD)

Samoa tala (SAT)

San Marino euro (EUR)

Sao Tome and Principe dobra (STD)

Saudi Arabia Saudi riyal (SAR)

Senegal Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Serbia Serbian Dinar (RSD)

Seychelles Seychelles rupee (SCR)

Sierra Leone leone (SLL)

Singapore Singapore dollar (SGD)

Slovakia Slovak koruna (SKK)

Slovenia euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 2007, Slovenia's currency became the euro; both the tolar and the euro were in circulation from 1 January until 15 January

Solomon Islands Solomon Islands dollar (SBD)

Somalia Somali shilling (SOS)

South Africa rand (ZAR)

Spain euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by the financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions with the member countries

Sri Lanka Sri Lankan rupee (LKR)

Sudan Sudanese dinar (SDD)

Suriname Surinam dollar (SRD)

Svalbard Norwegian krone (NOK)

Swaziland lilangeni (SZL)

Sweden Swedish krona (SEK)

Switzerland Swiss franc (CHF)

Syria Syrian pound (SYP)

Taiwan new Taiwan dollar (TWD)

Tajikistan somoni

Tanzania Tanzanian shilling (TZS)

Thailand baht (THB)

Togo Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Tokelau New Zealand dollar (NZD)

Tonga pa'anga (TOP)

Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)

Tunisia Tunisian dinar (TND)

Turkey Turkish lira (YTL); old Turkish lira (TRL) before 1 January 2005

Turkmenistan Turkmen manat (TMM)

Turks and Caicos Islands US dollar (USD)

Tuvalu Australian dollar (AUD); note - there is also a Tuvaluan dollar

Uganda Ugandan shilling (UGX)

Ukraine hryvnia (UAH)

United Arab Emirates Emirati dirham (AED)

United Kingdom British pound (GBP)

United States US dollar (USD)

Uruguay Uruguayan peso (UYU)

Uzbekistan Uzbekistani soum (UZS)

Vanuatu vatu (VUV)

Venezuela bolivar (VEB)

Vietnam dong (VND)

Virgin Islands US dollar (USD)

Wallis and Futuna Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)

West Bank new Israeli shekel (ILS); Jordanian dinar (JOD)

Western Sahara Moroccan dirham (MAD)

Yemen Yemeni rial (YER)

Zambia Zambian kwacha (ZMK)

Zimbabwe Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD)

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2066 Death rate (deaths/1,000 population)

Afghanistan 20.34 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Albania 5.22 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Algeria 4.61 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

American Samoa 3.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Andorra 6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Angola 24.2 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Anguilla 5.34 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda 5.37 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Argentina 7.55 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Armenia 8.23 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Aruba 6.68 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Australia 7.51 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Austria 9.76 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Azerbaijan 9.75 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bahamas, The 9.05 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bahrain 4.14 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bangladesh 8.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Barbados 8.67 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Belarus 14.02 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Belgium 10.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Belize 5.72 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Benin 12.22 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bermuda 7.74 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bhutan 12.7 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bolivia 7.53 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Botswana 29.5 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Brazil 6.17 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

British Virgin Islands 4.42 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Brunei 3.45 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Bulgaria 14.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Burkina Faso 15.6 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Burma 9.83 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Burundi 13.46 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cambodia 9.06 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cameroon 13.47 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Canada 7.8 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cape Verde 6.55 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cayman Islands 4.89 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Central African Republic 18.65 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Chad 16.38 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Chile 5.81 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

China 6.97 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Christmas Island NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA deaths/1,000 population

Colombia 5.58 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Comoros 8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 13.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Congo, Republic of the 12.93 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cook Islands NA deaths/1,000 population

Costa Rica 4.36 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire 14.84 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Croatia 11.48 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cuba 7.22 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Cyprus 7.68 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Czech Republic 10.59 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Denmark 10.36 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Djibouti 19.31 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Dominica 6.73 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Dominican Republic 5.73 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

East Timor 6.24 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Ecuador 4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Egypt 5.23 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

El Salvador 5.78 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Equatorial Guinea 15.06 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Eritrea 9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Estonia 13.25 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Ethiopia 14.86 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

European Union 10.1 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA deaths/1,000 population

Faroe Islands 8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Fiji 5.65 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Finland 9.86 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

France 9.14 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

French Polynesia 4.69 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Gabon 12.25 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Gambia, The 12.25 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Gaza Strip 3.8 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Georgia 9.23 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Germany 10.62 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Ghana 9.72 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Gibraltar 9.31 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Greece 10.24 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Greenland 7.84 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Grenada 6.88 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Guam 4.48 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Guatemala 5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Guernsey 10.01 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Guinea 15.48 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Guinea-Bissau 16.53 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Guyana 8.28 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Haiti 12.17 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Honduras 5.28 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Hong Kong 6.29 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Hungary 13.11 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Iceland 6.72 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

India 8.18 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Indonesia 6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Iran 5.55 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Iraq 5.37 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Ireland 7.82 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Isle of Man 11.19 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Israel 6.18 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Italy 10.4 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Jamaica 6.52 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Japan 9.16 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Jersey 9.28 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Jordan 2.65 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Kazakhstan 9.42 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Kenya 14.02 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Kiribati 8.26 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Korea, North 7.13 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Korea, South 5.85 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Kuwait 2.41 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Kyrgyzstan 7.08 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Laos 11.55 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Latvia 13.66 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Lebanon 6.21 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Lesotho 28.71 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Liberia 23.1 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Libya 3.48 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Liechtenstein 7.18 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Lithuania 10.98 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Luxembourg 8.41 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Macau 4.47 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Macedonia 8.77 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Madagascar 11.11 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Malawi 19.33 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Malaysia 5.05 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Maldives 7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mali 16.89 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Malta 8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Marshall Islands 4.78 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mauritania 12.16 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mauritius 6.86 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mayotte 7.7 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mexico 4.74 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of 4.75 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Moldova 12.64 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Monaco 12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mongolia 6.95 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Montenegro 9.2 deaths/1,000 population (2004)

Montserrat 7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Morocco 5.58 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Mozambique 21.35 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Namibia 18.86 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Nauru 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Nepal 9.31 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Netherlands 8.68 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Netherlands Antilles 6.45 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

New Caledonia 5.69 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

New Zealand 7.53 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Nicaragua 4.45 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Niger 20.91 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Nigeria 16.94 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Niue NA deaths/1,000 population

Norfolk Island NA deaths/1,000 population

Northern Mariana Islands 2.29 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Norway 9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Oman 3.81 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Pakistan 8.23 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Palau 6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Panama 5.36 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Papua New Guinea 7.25 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Paraguay 4.49 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Peru 6.23 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Philippines 5.41 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Pitcairn Islands NA deaths/1,000 population

Poland 9.89 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Portugal 10.5 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Puerto Rico 7.65 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Qatar 4.72 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Romania 11.77 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Russia 14.65 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Rwanda 16.09 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Saint Helena 6.53 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 8.33 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Saint Lucia 5.08 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 6.83 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5.98 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Samoa 6.62 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

San Marino 8.17 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe 6.47 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Saudi Arabia 2.58 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Senegal 9.42 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Seychelles 6.29 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sierra Leone 23.03 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Singapore 4.28 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Slovakia 9.45 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Slovenia 10.31 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Solomon Islands 3.92 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Somalia 16.63 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

South Africa 22 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Spain 9.72 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sri Lanka 6.52 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sudan 8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Suriname 7.27 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Svalbard NA deaths/1,000 population

Swaziland 29.74 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Sweden 10.31 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Switzerland 8.49 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Syria 4.81 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Taiwan 6.48 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Tajikistan 8.25 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Tanzania 16.39 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Thailand 7.04 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Togo 9.83 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Tokelau NA deaths/1,000 population

Tonga 5.28 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago 10.57 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Tunisia 5.13 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Turkey 5.97 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Turkmenistan 8.6 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands 4.21 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Tuvalu 7.11 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Uganda 12.24 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Ukraine 14.39 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

United Arab Emirates 4.4 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

United Kingdom 10.13 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

United States 8.26 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Uruguay 9.05 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Uzbekistan 7.84 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Vanuatu 7.82 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Venezuela 4.92 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Vietnam 6.22 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Virgin Islands 6.43 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Wallis and Futuna NA deaths/1,000 population

West Bank 3.92 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Western Sahara NA deaths/1,000 population

World 8.67 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Yemen 8.3 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Zambia 19.93 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Zimbabwe 21.84 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2068 Dependent areas

Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island, Macquarie Island

France Bassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, New Caledonia, Tromelin Island, Wallis and Futuna note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica; New Caledonia has been considered a "sui generis" collectivity of France since 1999, a unique status falling between that of an independent country and a French overseas deparment

Netherlands Aruba, Netherlands Antilles

New Zealand Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau

Norway Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard

United Kingdom Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena and Ascension, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands

United States American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island note: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; it entered into a political relationship with all four political units: the Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994)

This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007



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@2070 Disputes - international

Afghanistan most Afghan refugees in Pakistan have been repatriated, but thousands still remain in Iran, many at their own choosing; Coalition and Pakistani forces continue to patrol remote tribal areas to control the borders and stem organized terrorist and other illegal cross-border activities; regular meetings between Pakistani and Coalition allies aim to resolve periodic claims of boundary encroachments; regional conflicts over water-sharing arrangements with Amu Darya and Helmand River states

Albania the Albanian Government calls for the protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians in neighboring countries, and the peaceful resolution of interethnic disputes; some ethnic Albanian groups in neighboring countries advocate for a "greater Albania," but the idea has little appeal among Albanian nationals; thousands of unemployed Albanians emigrate annually to nearby Italy and other developed countries

Algeria Algeria supports the exiled Sahrawi Polisario Front and rejects Moroccan administration of Western Sahara; most of the approximately 102,000 Western Saharan Sahrawi refugees are sheltered in camps in Tindouf, Algeria; Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling; in an attempt to improve relations, Morocco, in mid-2004, unilaterally lifted the requirement that Algerians visiting Morocco possess entry visas - a gesture not reciprocated by Algeria; Algeria remains concerned about armed bandits operating throughout the Sahel who sometimes destabilize southern Algerian towns; dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria and the FLN's assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeastern Morocco

American Samoa none

Andorra none

Angola many Cabinda exclave secessionists have sought shelter in neighboring states

Anguilla none

Antarctica Antarctic Treaty freezes claims (see Antarctic Treaty Summary in government type entry); Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and UK claim land and maritime sectors (some overlapping) for a large portion of the continent; the US and many other states do not recognize these territorial claims and have made no claims themselves (the US and Russia reserve the right to do so); no claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west; several states with territorial claims in Antarctica have expressed their intention to submit data to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf to extend their continental shelf claims to adjoining undersea ridges

Antigua and Barbuda none

Arctic Ocean some maritime disputes (see littoral states)

Argentina Argentina continues to assert its claims to the UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution, forcibly occupying the Falklands in 1982, but in 1995 agreed no longer to seek settlement by force; territorial claim in Antarctica partially overlaps UK and Chilean claims (see Antarctic disputes); unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations; uncontested dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; action by the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and Argentina in 2001, for mapping and demarcating the disputed boundary in the Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de Hielo Sur) remains pending

Armenia Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s, has militarily occupied 16% of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; over 800,000 mostly ethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia; about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes in Azerbaijan into Armenia; Azerbaijan seeks transit route through Armenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; border with Turkey remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh dispute; ethnic Armenian groups in Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy; tens of thousands of Armenians emigrate, primarily to Russia, to seek employment

Aruba none

Ashmore and Cartier Islands Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed the surrounding waters to Indonesian traditional fishing and created a national park in the region while continuing to prospect for hydrocarbons in the vicinity

Atlantic Ocean some maritime disputes (see littoral states)

Australia East Timor and Australia agreed in 2005 to defer the disputed portion of the boundary for fifty years and to split hydrocarbon revenues evenly outside the Joint Petroleum Development Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty; East Timor dispute hampers creation of a revised maritime boundary with Indonesia (see also Ashmore and Cartier Islands dispute); regional states express concern over Australia's 2004 declaration of a 1,000-nautical mile-wide maritime identification zone; Australia asserts land and maritime claims to Antarctica (see Antarctica); in 2004 Australia submitted its claims to UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) to extend its continental margin from both its mainland and Antarctic claims

Austria Austrian anti-nuclear activists have revived blockades of the Czech-Austrian border to protest operation of the Temelin nuclear power plant in the Czech Republic

Azerbaijan Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s has militarily occupied 16% of Azerbaijan; over 800,000 mostly ethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia; about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes in Azerbaijan into Armenia; Azerbaijan seeks transit route through Armenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratify Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on an even one-fifth allocation and challenges Azerbaijan's hydrocarbon exploration in disputed waters; bilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian; Azerbaijan and Georgia continue to discuss the alignment of their boundary at certain crossing areas

Bahamas, The disagrees with the US on the alignment of the maritime boundary; continues to monitor and interdict Haitian refugees fleeing economic privation and political instability

Bahrain none

Baker Island none

Bangladesh discussions with India remain stalled to delimit a small section of river boundary, exchange 162 miniscule enclaves in both countries, allocate divided villages, and stop illegal cross-border trade, migration, violence, and transit of terrorists through the porous border; Bangladesh resists India's attempts to fence or wall off high-traffic sections of the porous boundary; a joint Bangladesh-India boundary inspection in 2005 revealed 92 pillars are missing; dispute with India over New Moore/South Talpatty/Purbasha Island in the Bay of Bengal deters maritime boundary delimitation; Burmese Muslim refugees strain Bangladesh's meager resources

Barbados in 2005, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory international arbitration that will result in a binding award challenging whether the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into Barbadian waters and the southern limit of Barbadian traditional fishing; joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the Caribbean Sea

Bassas da India claimed by Madagascar

Belarus 1997 boundary treaty with Ukraine remains unratified over unresolved financial claims, preventing demarcation and diminishing border security; the whole boundary with Latvia and more than half the boundary with Lithuania remains undemarcated; discussions toward economic and political union with Russia proceed slowly

Belgium none

Belize Guatemalan squatters continue to settle in the largely uninhabited rain forests of Belize's border region; OAS seeks to revive the 2002 failed Belize-Guatemala Differendum that created a small adjustment to land boundary, a Guatemalan maritime corridor in Caribbean, joint ecological park for disputed Sapodilla Cays, and substantial US-UK financial package

Benin Benin and Burkina Faso military clash in 2006 over sections of riverine boundary involving disputed villages and squatters; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated; in 2005, Nigeria ceded thirteen villages to Benin as a consequence of a 2004 joint task force to resolve maritime and land boundary disputes, but clashes among rival gangs along the border persist; a joint boundary commission continues to resurvey the boundary with Togo to verify Benin's claim that Togo moved boundary stones

Bermuda none

Bhutan approximately 105,000 Bhutanese have lived decades as refugees in Nepal, 90% of whom reside in seven UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees camps; Bhutan cooperates with India to expel Indian separatists

Bolivia Chile rebuffs Bolivia's reactivated claim to restore the Atacama corridor, ceded to Chile in 1884, offering instead unrestricted but not sovereign maritime access through Chile for Bolivian natural gas and other commodities

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia and Montenegro have delimited most of their boundary, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute; discussions continue with Croatia on several small disputed sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinder ratification of the 1999 border agreement

Botswana commission established with Namibia has yet to resolve small residual disputes along the Caprivi Strip, including the Situngu marshlands along the Linyanti River; downstream Botswana residents protest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavango hydroelectric dam at Popavalle (Popa Falls); Botswana has built electric fences to stem the thousands of Zimbabweans who flee to find work and escape political persecution; Namibia has long supported and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing their short, but not clearly delimited Botswana-Zambia boundary