South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the Lion Protect its Own Land)

Spain three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width), and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band; the coat of arms includes the royal seal framed by the Pillars of Hercules, which are the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar

Sri Lanka yellow with two panels; the smaller hoist-side panel has two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and orange; the other panel is a large dark red rectangle with a yellow lion holding a sword, and there is a yellow bo leaf in each corner; the yellow field appears as a border around the entire flag and extends between the two panels

Sudan three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side

Suriname five horizontal bands of green (top, double width), white, red (quadruple width), white, and green (double width); there is a large, yellow, five-pointed star centered in the red band

Svalbard the flag of Norway is used

Swaziland three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally

Sweden blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

Switzerland red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag

Syria three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black, colors associated with the Arab Liberation flag; two small green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; former flag of the United Arab Republic where the two stars represented the constituent states of Syria and Egypt; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band, Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band, and that of Egypt, which has a gold Eagle of Saladin centered in the white band; the current design dates to 1980

Taiwan red with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays

Tajikistan three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe

Tanzania divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue

Thailand five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double width), white, and red

Togo five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Tokelau the flag of New Zealand is used

Tonga red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner

Trinidad and Tobago red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side

Tromelin Island the flag of France is used

Tunisia red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam

Turkey red with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening

Turkmenistan green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, containing five carpet guls (designs used in producing rugs) stacked above two crossed olive branches similar to the olive branches on the UN flag; a white crescent moon and five white stars appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the red stripe

Turks and Caicos Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus

Tuvalu light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands

Uganda six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side

Ukraine two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent grainfields under a blue sky

United Arab Emirates three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side

United Kingdom blue field with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland); properly known as the Union Flag, but commonly called the Union Jack; the design and colors (especially the Blue Ensign) have been the basis for a number of other flags including other Commonwealth countries and their constituent states or provinces, as well as British overseas territories

United States 13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; known as Old Glory; the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico

Uruguay nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy

Uzbekistan three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon and 12 white stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant

Vanuatu two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle); centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele leaves, all in yellow

Venezuela three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of seven white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band

Vietnam red with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center

Virgin Islands white, with a modified US coat of arms in the center between the large blue initials V and I; the coat of arms shows a yellow eagle holding an olive branch in one talon and three arrows in the other with a superimposed shield of vertical red and white stripes below a blue panel

Wake Island the flag of the US is used

Wallis and Futuna a large white modified Maltese cross - shifted a little off center toward the fly and slightly downward - on a red background; the flag of France outlined in white on two sides is in the upper hoist quadrant; the flag of France is used for official occasions

Yemen three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars and of Iraq which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt, which has a heraldic eagle centered in the white band

Zambia green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag

Zimbabwe seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle, which symbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineral wealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands for the native people

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005



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@2085 Highways (km)

Afghanistan total: 21,000 km paved: 2,793 km unpaved: 18,207 km (1999 est.)

Albania total: 18,000 km paved: 5,400 km unpaved: 12,600 km (2002)

Algeria total: 104,000 km paved: 71,656 km (including 640 km of expressways) unpaved: 32,344 km (1999)

American Samoa total: 185 km paved: 185 km unpaved: 0 km (2004)

Andorra total: 269 km paved: 198 km unpaved: 71 km

Angola total: 51,429 km paved: 5,328 km unpaved: 46,101 km (2001)

Anguilla total: 105 km paved: 65 km unpaved: 40 km (1997)

Antigua and Barbuda total: 250 km (1999 est.)

Argentina total: 215,471 km paved: 63,348 km (including 734 km of expressways) unpaved: 152,123 km (1999)

Armenia total: 8,431 km paved: 8,161 km (includes 7,567 km of expressways) unpaved: 270 km (2002)

Aruba total: 800 km paved: 513 km unpaved: 287 km note: most coastal roads are paved, while unpaved roads serve large tracts of the interior (1995)

Australia total: 811,603 km paved: 314,090 km (including 18,619 km of expressways) unpaved: 497,513 km (1999 est.)

Austria total: 200,000 km paved: 200,000 km (including 1,645 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Azerbaijan total: 28,030 km paved: 25,890 km unpaved: 2,130 km (2002)

Bahamas, The total: 2,693 km paved: 1,546 km unpaved: 1,147 km (1999 est.)

Bahrain total: 3,459 km paved: 2,653 km unpaved: 806 km (2002)

Bangladesh total: 207,486 km paved: 19,773 km unpaved: 187,713 km (1999)

Barbados total: 1,600 km paved: 1,578 km unpaved: 22 km (2002)

Belarus total: 79,990 km paved: 69,351 km unpaved: 10,639 km (2002)

Belgium total: 149,028 km paved: 116,540 km (including 1,729 km of expressways) unpaved: 32,488 km (2002)

Belize total: 2,872 km paved: 488 km unpaved: 2,384 km (1999 est.)

Benin total: 6,787 km paved: 1,357 km (including 10 km of expressways) unpaved: 5,430 km (1999 est.)

Bermuda total: 450 km paved: 450 km unpaved: 0 km note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)

Bhutan total: 4,007 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 3,983 km (2002)

Bolivia total: 60,282 km paved: 3,979 km unpaved: 56,303 km (2002)

Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 21,846 km paved: 11,424 km unpaved: 10,422 km (1999 est.)

Botswana total: 10,217 km paved: 5,619 km unpaved: 4,598 km (1999)

Brazil total: 1,724,929 km paved: 94,871 km unpaved: 1,630,058 km (2000)

British Indian Ocean Territory total: NA km paved: short section of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia unpaved: NA km

British Virgin Islands total: 177 km paved: 177 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)

Brunei total: 2,525 km paved: 2,525 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)

Bulgaria total: 37,077 km paved: 34,111 km (including 328 km of expressways) unpaved: 2,966 km (2002)

Burkina Faso total: 12,506 km paved: 2,001 km unpaved: 10,505 km (1999)

Burma total: 28,200 km paved: 3,440 km unpaved: 24,760 km (1996 est.)

Burundi total: 14,480 km paved: 1,028 km unpaved: 13,452 km (1999 est.)

Cambodia total: 12,323 km paved: 1,996 km unpaved: 10,327 km (2000 est)

Cameroon total: 34,300 km paved: 4,288 km unpaved: 30,012 km (1999 est.)

Canada total: 1,408,800 km paved: 497,306 km (including 16,900 km of expressways) unpaved: 911,494 km (2002)

Cape Verde total: 1,350 km paved: 932 km unpaved: 418 km (2000)

Cayman Islands total: 785 km paved: 785 km (2000)

Central African Republic total: 23,810 km paved: 643 km unpaved: 23,167 km (1999 est.)

Chad total: 33,400 km paved: 267 km unpaved: 33,133 km (1999 est.)

Chile total: 79,605 km paved: 16,080 km (including 407 km of expressways) unpaved: 63,525 km (2001)

China total: 1,765,222 km paved: 395,410 km (with at least 25,130 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,369,812 km (2002 est.)

Christmas Island total: 240 km paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands total: 15 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (2003)

Colombia total: 112,998 km paved: 26,000 km unpaved: 84,000 km (2000)

Comoros total: 880 km paved: 673 km unpaved: 207 km (1999 est)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 157,000 km (including 30 km of expressways) paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)

Congo, Republic of the total: 12,800 km paved: 1,242 km unpaved: 11,558 km (1999 est.)

Cook Islands total: 320 km paved: 33 km unpaved: 287 km (2000)

Costa Rica total: 35,303 km paved: 4,236 km unpaved: 31,067 km (2002)

Cote d'Ivoire total: 50,400 km paved: 4,889 km unpaved: 45,511 km (1999 est.)

Croatia total: 28,344 km paved: 23,979 km (including 455 km of expressways) unpaved: 4,365 km (2002)

Cuba total: 60,858 km paved: 29,820 km (including 638 km of expressway) unpaved: 31,038 km (1999 est.)

Cyprus total: 13,943 km (Republic of Cyprus: 11,593 km; north Cyprus: 2,350 km) paved: Republic of Cyprus: 7,211 km; north Cyprus: 1,370 km unpaved: Republic of Cyprus: 4,382 km; north Cyprus: 980 km (2002/1996 est.)

Czech Republic total: 127,204 km paved: 127,204 km (including 518 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Denmark total: 71,847 km paved: 71,847 km (including 918 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Djibouti total: 2,890 km paved: 364 km unpaved: 2,526 km (1999 est.)

Dominica total: 780 km paved: 393 km unpaved: 387 km (1999 est.)

Dominican Republic total: 12,600 km paved: 6,224 km unpaved: 6,376 km (1999)

East Timor total: 3,800 km paved: 428 km unpaved: 3,372 km (1995)

Ecuador total: 43,197 km paved: 8,164 km unpaved: 35,033 km (2002)

Egypt total: 64,000 km paved: 49,984 km unpaved: 14,016 km (1999 est.)

El Salvador total: 10,029 km paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways) unpaved: 8,043 km (1999 est.)

Equatorial Guinea total: 2,880 km (1999 est.)

Eritrea total: 4,010 km paved: 874 km unpaved: 3,136 km (1999 est.)

Estonia total: 55,944 km paved: 13,874 km (including 99 km of expressways) unpaved: 42,070 km (2002)

Ethiopia total: 33,297 km paved: 3,996 km unpaved: 29,301 km (2002)

European Union total: 4,634,810 km (including 56,704 km of expressways) paved: 4,161,318 km unpaved: 473,492 km (1999-2000)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)

Faroe Islands total: 463 km paved: 454 km unpaved: 9 km (1999)

Fiji total: 3,440 km paved: 1,692 km unpaved: 1,748 km (1999 est.)

Finland total: 78,197 km paved: 50,539 km (including 794 km of expressways) unpaved: 27,658 km (2004)

France total: 893,100 km paved: 893,100 km (including 12,000 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

French Guiana total: 817 km (1998)

French Polynesia total: 2,590 km paved: 1,735 km unpaved: 855 km (1999)

Gabon total: 8,464 km paved: 838 km unpaved: 7,626 km (2000 est.)

Gambia, The total: 2,700 km paved: 956 km unpaved: 1,744 km (1999)

Gaza Strip total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km note: small, poorly developed road network

Georgia total: 20,229 km paved: 18,914 km unpaved: 1,315 km (2002)

Germany total: 230,735 km paved: 230,735 km (including 11,515 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999)

Ghana total: 46,176 km paved: 8,496 km unpaved: 37,679 km (1999 est.)

Gibraltar total: 29 km paved: 29 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Greece total: 117,000 km paved: 107,406 km (including 470 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,594 km (1999 est.)

Greenland total: NA (there are no roads between towns) (2003)

Grenada total: 1,040 km paved: 638 km unpaved: 402 km (1999 est.)

Guadeloupe total: 947 km (2002)

Guam total: 977 km paved: 962 km unpaved: 15 km (2004)

Guatemala total: 14,118 km paved: 4,871 km (including 74 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,247 km (1999)

Guernsey total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Guinea total: 30,500 km paved: 5,033 km unpaved: 25,467 km (1999 est.)

Guinea-Bissau total: 4,400 km paved: 453 km unpaved: 3,947 km (1999 est.)

Guyana total: 7,970 km paved: 590 km unpaved: 7,380 km (1999 est.)

Haiti total: 4,160 km paved: 1,011 km unpaved: 3,149 km (1999 est.)

Holy See (Vatican City) none; all city streets

Honduras total: 13,603 km paved: 2,775 km unpaved: 10,828 km (1999 est.)

Hong Kong total: 1,831 km paved: 1,831 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)

Hungary total: 159,568 km paved: 70,050 km (including 533 km of expressways) unpaved: 89,518 km (2002)

Iceland total: 13,004 km paved/oiled gravel: 4,331 km unpaved: 8,673 km (2004)

India total: 2,525,989 km paved: 1,448,655 km unpaved: 1,077,334 km (1999)

Indonesia total: 342,700 km paved: 158,670 km unpaved: 184,030 km (1999 est.)

Iran total: 167,157 km paved: 94,109 km (including 890 km of expressways) unpaved: 73,048 km (1998)

Iraq total: 45,550 km paved: 38,399 km unpaved: 7,151 km (1999)

Ireland total: 95,736 km paved: 95,736 km (including 125 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Israel total: 16,903 km paved: 16,903 km (including 56 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Italy total: 479,688 km paved: 479,688 km (including 6,621 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999)

Jamaica total: 18,700 km paved: 13,109 km unpaved: 5,591 km (1999 est.)

Japan total: 1,171,647 km paved: 903,340 km (including 6,851 km of expressways) unpaved: 268,307 km (2001)

Jersey total: 577 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Jordan total: 7,301 km paved: 7,301 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Kazakhstan total: 82,980 km paved: 77,918 km unpaved: 5,062 km (2002)

Kenya total: 63,942 km paved: 7,737 km unpaved: 56,205 km (2000)

Kiribati total: 670 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)

Korea, North total: 31,200 km paved: 1,997 km unpaved: 29,203 km (1999 est.)

Korea, South total: 86,990 km paved: 66,721 km (including 1,996 km of expressways) unpaved: 20,269 km (2001)

Kuwait total: 4,450 km paved: 3,587 km unpaved: 863 km (1999 est.)

Kyrgyzstan total: 18,500 km paved: 16,854 km (including 140 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,646 km (1999 est.)

Laos total: 21,716 km paved: 9,664 km unpaved: 12,052 km (1999 est.)

Latvia total: 60,472 km paved: 57,206 km unpaved: 3,265 km (2002)

Lebanon total: 7,300 km paved: 6,198 km unpaved: 1,102 km (1999 est.)

Lesotho total: 5,940 km paved: 1,087 km unpaved: 4,853 km (1999)

Liberia total: 10,600 km paved: 657 km unpaved: 9,943 km (1999 est.)

Libya total: 83,200 km paved: 47,590 km unpaved: 35,610 km (1999 est.)

Liechtenstein total: 250 km paved: 250 km unpaved: 0 km

Lithuania total: 77,148 km paved: 69,202 km (including 417 km of expressways) unpaved: 7,946 km (2002)

Luxembourg total: 5,210 km paved: 5,210 km (including 126 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Macau total: 341 km paved: 341 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Macedonia total: 8,684 km paved: 5,540 km (including 133 km of expressways) unpaved: 3,144 km (1999 est.)

Madagascar total: 49,827 km paved: 5,780 km unpaved: 44,047 km (1999 est.)

Malawi total: 28,400 km paved: 5,254 km unpaved: 23,146 km (1999 est.)

Malaysia total: 65,877 km paved: 51,318 km unpaved: 14,559 km (2001)

Maldives total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Mali total: 15,100 km paved: 1,827 km unpaved: 13,273 km (1999 est.)

Malta total: 2,222 km paved: 2,000 km unpaved: 222 km (2002)

Man, Isle of total: 800 km paved: 800 km unpaved: 0 km (1999)

Marshall Islands total: 64.5 km paved: 64.5 km unpaved: NA km note: paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks (2002)

Martinique total: 2,105 km (2000)

Mauritania total: 7,660 km paved: 866 km unpaved: 6,794 km (1999 est.)

Mauritius total: 2,000 km paved: 1,960 km (including 60 km of expressways) unpaved: 40 km (2002)

Mayotte total: 93 km paved: 72 km unpaved: 21 km

Mexico total: 329,532 km paved: 108,087 km (including 6,429 km of expressways) unpaved: 221,445 km (1999 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of total: 240 km paved: 42 km unpaved: 198 km (1999 est.)

Midway Islands total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Moldova total: 12,719 km paved: 10,977 km unpaved: 1,742 km (2002)

Monaco total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)

Mongolia total: 49,256 km paved: 8,874 km unpaved: 40,376 km (2002)

Montserrat total: 227 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km note: volcanic eruptions beginning in 1995 destroyed most of the road system (2003)

Morocco total: 57,694 km paved: 32,551 km (including 481 km of expressways) unpaved: 25,143 km (2002)

Mozambique total: 30,400 km paved: 5,685 km unpaved: 24,715 km (1999 est.)

Namibia total: 42,237 km paved: 5,406 km unpaved: 36,831 km (2002)

Nauru total: 30 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 6 km (1999 est.)

Nepal total: 13,223 km paved: 4,073 km unpaved: 9,150 km (1999 est.)

Netherlands total: 116,500 km paved: 104,850 km (including 2,235 km of expressways) unpaved: 11,650 km (1999)

Netherlands Antilles total: 600 km paved: 300 km unpaved: 300 km

New Caledonia total: 5,432 km (2000)

New Zealand total: 92,382 km paved: 59,124 km (including at least 169 km of expressways) unpaved: 33,258 km (2002)

Nicaragua total: 18,712 km paved: 2,126 km unpaved: 16,586 km (2002)

Niger total: 10,100 km paved: 798 km unpaved: 9,302 km (1999 est.)

Nigeria total: 194,394 km paved: 60,068 km (including 1,194 km of expressways) unpaved: 134,326 km (1999 est.)

Niue total: 234 km paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001)

Norfolk Island total: 80 km paved: 53 km unpaved: 27 km (2001)

Northern Mariana Islands total: 362 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1991)

Norway total: 91,852 km paved: 71,185 km (including 178 km of expressways) unpaved: 20,667 km (2002)

Oman total: 34,965 km paved: 9,673 km (including 550 km of expressways) unpaved: 25,292 km (2001)

Pakistan total: 257,683 km paved: 152,033 km (including 339 km of expressways) unpaved: 105,650 km (2001)

Palau total: 61 km paved: 36 km unpaved: 25 km

Palmyra Atoll most of the roads and many causeways built during World War II are unserviceable and overgrown (2001)

Panama total: 11,643 km paved: 4,028 km (including 30 km of expressways) unpaved: 7,615 km (2000 est.)

Papua New Guinea total: 19,600 km paved: 686 km unpaved: 18,914 km (1999 est.)

Paraguay total: 29,500 km paved: 14,986 km unpaved: 14,514 km (1999 est)

Peru total: 78,230 km paved: 10,452 km unpaved: 67,778 km (2001)

Philippines total: 202,124 km paved: 19,202 km unpaved: 182,922 km (2002)

Pitcairn Islands total: 6.4 km paved: 0 km unpaved: 6.4 km

Poland total: 364,697 km paved: 249,088 km (including 399 km of expressways) unpaved: 115,609 km (2001)

Portugal total: 17,135 km paved: 14,736 km (including 1,659 km of expressways) unpaved: 2,399 km (2002)

Puerto Rico total: 25,328 km paved: 23,665 km (including 426 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,363 km (2004)

Qatar total: 1,230 km paved: 1,107 km unpaved: 123 km (1999 est.)

Reunion total: 1,214 km (including 88 km of four-lane roads) (2001)

Romania total: 198,755 km paved: 100,173 km (including 113 km of expressways) unpaved: 98,582 km (2002)

Russia total: 537,289 km paved: 362,133 km unpaved: 175,156 km (2001)

Rwanda total: 12,000 km paved: 996 km unpaved: 11,004 km (1999 est.)

Saint Helena total: 198 km (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 20 km) paved: 168 km (Saint Helena 118km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) (2000)

Saint Kitts and Nevis total: 320 km paved: 136 km unpaved: 184 km (1999 est)

Saint Lucia total: 1,210 km paved: 63 km unpaved: 1,147 km (1999 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon total: 114 km paved: 69 km unpaved: 45 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines total: 829 km paved: 580 km unpaved: 249 km (2002)

Samoa total: 790 km paved: 332 km unpaved: 458 km (1999 est.)

San Marino total: 220 km paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)

Sao Tome and Principe total: 320 km paved: 218 km unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.)

Saudi Arabia total: 152,044 km paved: 45,461 km unpaved: 106,583 km (2000)

Senegal total: 14,576 km paved: 4,271 km including 7 km of expressways unpaved: 10,305 km (2000)

Serbia and Montenegro total: 45,290 km paved: 28,261 km (including 374 km of expressways) unpaved: 17,029 km (2002)

Seychelles total: 373 km paved: 315 km unpaved: 58 km (1997 est.)

Sierra Leone total: 11,300 km paved: 904 km unpaved: 10,396 km (2002)

Singapore total: 3,130 km paved: 3,130 km (including 150 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Slovakia total: 42,970 km paved: 37,698 km (including 302 km of expressways) unpaved: 5,272 km (2002)

Slovenia total: 20,250 km paved: 20,250 km (including 456 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Solomon Islands total: 1,360 km paved: 34 km unpaved: 1,326 km (1999 est.)

Somalia total: 22,100 km paved: 2,608 km unpaved: 19,492 km (1999 est.)

South Africa total: 275,971 km paved: 57,568 km (including 2,032 km of expressways) unpaved: 218,403 km (2002)

Spain total: 664,852 km paved: 658,203 km (including 11,152 km of expressways) unpaved: 6,649 km (2001)

Sri Lanka total: 11,650 km paved: 11,068 km unpaved: 582 km (2002)

Sudan total: 11,900 km paved: 4,320 km unpaved: 7,580 km (1999 est.)

Suriname total: 4,492 km paved: 1,168 km unpaved: 3,324 km (2002)

Svalbard total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Swaziland total: 3,107 km paved: NA unpaved: NA (2000)

Sweden total: 213,237 km paved: 167,604 km (including 1,542 km of expressways) unpaved: 45,633 km (2002)

Switzerland total: 71,212 km paved: 71,212 km (including 1,706 of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Syria total: 45,697 km paved: 6,489 km (including 1,001 km of expressways) unpaved: 39,208 km (2002)

Taiwan total: 37,299 km paved: 35,621 km (including 608 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,678 km (2002)

Tajikistan total: 27,767 km paved: NA unpaved: NA (2000)

Tanzania total: 88,200 km paved: 3,704 km unpaved: 84,496 km (1999 est.)

Thailand total: 57,403 km paved: 56,542 km unpaved: 861 km (2000 est.)

Togo total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1999 est.)

Tokelau total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA

Tonga total: 680 km paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago total: 8,320 km paved: 4,252 km unpaved: 4,068 km (1999 est.)

Tunisia total: 18,997 km paved: 12,424 km (including 142 km of expressways) unpaved: 6,573 km (2001)

Turkey total: 354,421 km paved: 147,404 km (including 1,851 km of expressways) unpaved: 207,017 km (2002)

Turkmenistan total: 24,000 km paved: 19,488 km unpaved: 4,512 km (1999 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands total: 121 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 97 km (2000)

Tuvalu total: 8 km paved: 0 km unpaved: 8 km (1999 est.)

Uganda total: 27,000 km paved: 1,809 km unpaved: 25,191 km (1999 est.)

Ukraine total: 169,679 km paved: 164,249 km unpaved: 5,430 km (2002)

United Arab Emirates total: 1,088 km paved: 1,088 km (including 253 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)

United Kingdom total: 392,931 km paved: 392,931 km (including 3,431 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2003)

United States total: 6,393,603 km paved: 4,180,053 km (including 74,406 km of expressways) unpaved: 2,213,550 km (2003)

Uruguay total: 8,983 km paved: 8,081 km unpaved: 902 km (1999 est.)

Uzbekistan total: 81,600 km paved: 71,237 km unpaved: 10,363 km (1999 est.)

Vanuatu total: 1,070 km paved: 256 km unpaved: 814 km (1999 est.)

Venezuela total: 96,155 km paved: 32,308 km unpaved: 63,847 km (1999 est.)

Vietnam total: 93,300 km paved: 23,418 km unpaved: 69,882 km (1999 est.)

Virgin Islands total: 1,257 km paved: 1,192 km unpaved: 65 km note: the only US possession where driving on the left side of the road is practiced (2003)

Wallis and Futuna total: 120 km (Ile Uvea 100 km, Ile Futuna 20 km) paved: 16 km (all on Ile Uvea) unpaved: 104 km (Ile Uvea 84 km, Ile Futuna 20 km)

West Bank total: 4,500 km paved: 2,700 km unpaved: 1,800 km note: Israelis have developed many highways to service Jewish settlements (1997 est.)

Western Sahara total: 6,200 km paved: 1,350 km unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est)

World total: 32,345,165 km paved: 19,403,061 km unpaved: 12,942,104 km (2002)

Yemen total: 67,000 km paved: 7,705 km unpaved: 59,295 km (1999 est.)

Zambia total: 91,440 km paved: 20,117 km unpaved: 71,323 km (2001)

Zimbabwe total: 18,338 km paved: 8,692 km unpaved: 9,646 km (1999 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005



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@2086 Illicit drugs

Afghanistan world's largest producer of opium; cultivation of opium poppy reached unprecedented level of 206,700 hectares in 2004; counterdrug efforts largely unsuccessful; potential opium production of 4,950 metric tons; potential heroin production of 582 metric tons if all opium was processed; source of hashish; many narcotics-processing labs throughout the country; drug trade source of instability and some antigovernment groups profit from the trade; 80-90% of the heroin consumed in Europe comes from Afghan opium; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through informal financial networks

Albania increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to a far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium and growing cannabis production; ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and expanding in Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regional trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens

Angola used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states

Anguilla transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Antigua and Barbuda considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an offshore financial center

Argentina used as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe and the US; some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area; domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers is increasing

Armenia illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic consumption; used as a transit point for illicit drugs - mostly opium and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe

Aruba transit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with some accompanying money-laundering activity

Australia Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

Austria transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe

Azerbaijan limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program; transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe

Bahamas, The transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; offshore financial center

Bangladesh transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries

Barbados one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center

Belarus limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe; a small and lightly regulated financial center; new anti-money-laundering legislation does not meet international standards; few investigations or prosecutions of money-laundering activities

Belgium growing producer of synthetic drugs; transit point for US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe; despite a strengthening of legislation, the country remains vulnerable to money laundering related to narcotics, automobiles, alcohol, and tobacco

Belize major transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; money-laundering activity related to narcotics trafficking and offshore sector

Benin transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western Europe and the US; vulnerable to money laundering due to a poorly regulated financial infrastructure

Bolivia world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and Peru) with an estimated 28,450 hectares under cultivation in June 2003, a 23% increase from June 2002; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported mostly to or through Brazil, Argentina, and Chile to European and US drug markets; eradication and alternative crop programs under the MESA administration have been unable to keep pace with farmers' attempts to increase cultivation; money-laundering activity related to narcotics trade, especially along the borders with Brazil and Paraguay

Bosnia and Herzegovina minor transit point for marijuana and opiate trafficking routes to Western Europe; remains highly vulnerable to money-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and unregulated economy, weak law enforcement and instances of corruption

Brazil illicit producer of cannabis; minor coca cultivation in the Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe and the US; also used by traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling; important market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit narcotics proceeds earned in Brazil are often laundered through the financial system; significant illicit financial activity in the Tri-Border Area

British Virgin Islands transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe; large offshore financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering

Brunei drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty

Bulgaria major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions

Burma remains world's second largest producer of illicit opium (estimated production in 2004 - 292 metric tons, down 40% from 2003 due to eradication efforts and drought; cultivation in 2004 - 30,900 hectares, a 34% decline from 2003); lack of government will and ability to take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitment against money laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrug effort; major source of methamphetamine and heroin for regional consumption; currently under Financial Action Task Force countermeasures due to continued failure to address its inadequate money-laundering controls (2005)

Cambodia narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders

Canada illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services sector

Cape Verde used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Asia destined for Western Europe; the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Cayman Islands offshore financial center; vulnerable to drug transshipment to the US and Europe

Chile important transshipment country for cocaine destined for Europe and the US; economic prosperity and increasing trade have made Chile more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits, especially through the Iquique Free Trade Zone, but a new anti-money-laundering law improves controls; imported precursors passed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising

China major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem; source country for chemical precursors and methamphetamine

Colombia illicit producer of coca, opium poppy, and cannabis; world's leading coca cultivator (cultivation of coca in 2002 was 144,450 hectares, a 15% decline since 2001); potential production of opium between 2001 and 2002 declined by 25% to 91 metric tons; potential production of heroin declined to 11.3 metric tons; the world's largest processor of coca derivatives into cocaine; supplier of about 90% of the cocaine to the US market and the great majority of cocaine to other international drug markets; important supplier of heroin to the US market; active aerial eradication program; a significant portion of non-US narcotics proceeds are either laundered or invested in Colombia through the black market peso exchange

Congo, Democratic Republic of the illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Costa Rica transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South America; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots; domestic cocaine consumption, particularly crack cocaine, is rising

Cote d'Ivoire illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local consumption; transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin to Europe and occasionally to the US, and for Latin American cocaine destined for Europe and South Africa; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center

Croatia transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe

Cuba territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone primarily for marijuana bound for North America; established the death penalty for certain drug-related crimes in 1999

Cyprus minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey; some cocaine transits as well; despite a strengthening of anti-money-laundering legislation, remains highly vulnerable to money laundering; identification of benefiting owners and reporting of suspicious transactions by nonresident-controlled companies in offshore sector remains weak

Czech Republic transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets; susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking, organized crime

Dominica transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer; anti-money-laundering enforcement is weak, making the country particularly vulnerable to money laundering

Dominican Republic transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor the Dominican Republic for illicit financial transactions

East Timor NA

Ecuador significant transit country for cocaine originating in Colombia and Peru; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; attractive location for cash-placement by drug traffickers laundering money because of dollarization and weak anti-money-laundering regime, especially vulnerable along the border with Colombia; increased activity on the northern frontier by trafficking groups and Colombian insurgents

Egypt transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin and opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; transit stop for Nigerian couriers; concern as money-laundering site due to lax financial regulations and enforcement

El Salvador transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on the rise

Estonia transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Southwest Asia and the Caucasus via Russia, cocaine from Latin America to Western Europe and Scandinavia, and synthetic drugs from Western Europe to Scandinavia; increasing domestic drug abuse problem; possible precursor manufacturing and/or trafficking; potential money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking is a concern as is possible use of the gambling sector to launder funds

Ethiopia Transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

France transshipment point for and consumer of South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics

French Guiana small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe

Georgia limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates via Central Asia to Western Europe and Russia

Germany source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic drugs; major financial center

Ghana illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Greece a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime

Grenada small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for marijuana and cocaine to US

Guatemala major transit country for cocaine and heroin; minor producer of illicit opium poppy and cannabis for mostly domestic consumption; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging area for drugs (particularly for cocaine); money laundering is a serious problem; corruption is a major problem; remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime

Guyana transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis

Haiti major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption

Honduras transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some money-laundering activity

Hong Kong makes strenuous law enforcement efforts, but faces difficult challenges in controlling transit of heroin and methamphetamine to regional and world markets; modern banking system provides conduit for money laundering; rising indigenous use of synthetic drugs, especially among young people

Hungary transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine; improving, but remains vulnerable to money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking

India world's largest producer of licit opium for the pharmaceutical trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit international drug markets; transit point for illicit narcotics produced in neighboring countries; illicit producer of methaqualone; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through the hawala system

Indonesia illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; possible growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle heroin

Iran despite substantial interdiction efforts, Iran remains a key transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; domestic narcotics consumption remains a persistent problem and according to official Iranian statistics there are at least two million drug users in the country; lax anti-money-laundering regulations

Ireland transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic drugs; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for Western Europe; despite recent legislation, narcotics-related money laundering using bureaux de change, trusts, and shell companies involving the offshore financial community remains a concern

Israel increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse; drugs arrive in country from Lebanon and, increasingly, from Jordan; money-laundering center

Italy important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling

Jamaica major transshipment point for cocaine from South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active manual cannabis eradication program; corruption is a major concern; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Jamaica for illicit financial transactions

Kazakhstan significant illicit cultivation of cannabis for CIS markets, as well as limited cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra (for the drug ephedrine); limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe

Kenya widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa; significant potential for money-laundering activity given the country's status as a regional financial center; massive corruption, and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities

Korea, North for years, from the 1970's into the 2000's, citizens of the Democratic People's Republic of (North) Korea (DPRK), many of them diplomatic employees of the government, were apprehended abroad while trafficking in narcotics, including two in Turkey in December 2004; in recent years, police investigations in Taiwan and Japan have linked North Korea to large illicit shipments of heroin and methamphetamine, including an attempt by the North Korean merchant ship Pong Su to deliver 150 kg of heroin to Australia in April 2003; all indications point to North Korea emerging as an important regional source of illicit drugs targeting markets in Japan, Taiwan, the Russian Far East, and China

Kyrgyzstan limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe

Laos estimated cultivation in 2004 - 10,000 hectares, a 45% decrease from 2003; estimated potential production in 2004 - 49 metric tons, a significant decrease from 200 metric tons in 2003 (2005)

Latvia transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Central and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and Scandinavia and Latin American cocaine and some synthetics from Western Europe to CIS; vulnerable to money laundering despite improved legislation due to nascent enforcement capabilities and comparatively weak regulation of offshore companies and the gaming industry; organized crime (including counterfeiting, corruption, extortion, stolen cars, and prostitution) accounts for most laundered proceeds

Lebanon cannabis cultivation dramatically reduced to 2,500 hectares in 2002; opium poppy cultivation minimal; small amounts of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin transit country on way to European markets and for Middle Eastern consumption

Liberia transshipment point for Southeast and Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine for the European and US markets; corruption, criminal activity, arms-dealing, and diamond trade provide significant potential for money laundering, but the lack of well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center

Liechtenstein has strengthened money-laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein sophisticated offshore financial services sector

Lithuania transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Southwest Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe to Western Europe and Scandinavia; limited production of methamphetamine and ecstasy; susceptible to money laundering despite changes to banking legislation

Macedonia major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although most criminal activity is thought to be domestic and not a financial center, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement (no arrests or prosecutions for money laundering to date)

Madagascar illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin

Malaysia transit point for some illicit drugs; drug trafficking prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties

Malta minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe

Martinique transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe

Mauritius minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry

Mexico illicit cultivation of opium poppy (cultivation in 2001 - 4,400 hectares; potential heroin production - 7 metric tons) and of cannabis (in 2001 - 4,100 hectares); government eradication efforts have been key in keeping illicit crop levels low; major supplier of heroin and largest foreign supplier of marijuana and methamphetamine to the US market; continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South America, accounting for about 70 percent of estimated annual cocaine movement to the US; major drug syndicates control majority of drug trafficking throughout the country; producer and distributor of ecstasy; significant money-laundering center

Moldova limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity

Montserrat transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Morocco illicit producer of hashish; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe

Mozambique Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Nauru offshore banking recently stopped, remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime

Nepal illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast Asia to the West

Netherlands major European producer of ecstasy, illicit amphetamines, and other synthetic drugs; important gateway for cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; major source of US-bound ecstasy; large financial sector vulnerable to money laundering

Netherlands Antilles transshipment point for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center

Nicaragua transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Nigeria a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; safehaven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity; remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime

Pakistan opium poppy in Federally Administered Tribal Areas, North-West Frontier Province, and Balochistan Province has rebounded since it was nearly eliminated in 2001; key transit point for Afghan drugs, including heroin, opium, morphine, and hashish, bound for Western markets, the Gulf States, and Africa; financial crimes related to drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption, and smuggling remain problems

Panama major cocaine transshipment point and primary money-laundering center for narcotics revenue; money-laundering activity is especially heavy in the Colon Free Zone; offshore financial center; negligible signs of coca cultivation; monitoring of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains a major problem

Paraguay major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is consumed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile; transshipment country for Andean cocaine headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets, Europe, and US; corruption and some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area

Peru until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; emerging opium producer; cultivation of coca in Peru fell 15 percent to 31,150 hectares between 2002 and the end of 2003; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa

Philippines exports locally-produced marijuana and hashish to East Asia, the US, and other Western markets; serves as a transit point for heroin and crystal methamphetamine; domestic methamphetamine production is a growing problem; remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime

Poland major illicit producer of synthetic drugs for the international market; minor transshipment point for Asian and Latin American illicit drugs to Western Europe

Portugal gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market (especially from Brazil); transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Romania major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable to laundering which occurs via the banking system, currency exchange houses, and casinos

Russia limited cultivation of illicit cannabis and opium poppy and producer of methamphetamine, mostly for domestic consumption; government has active illicit crop eradication program; used as transshipment point for Asian opiates, cannabis, and Latin American cocaine bound for growing domestic markets, to a lesser extent Western and Central Europe, and occasionally to the US; major source of heroin precursor chemicals; corruption and organized crime are key concerns; heroin increasingly popular in domestic market

Saint Kitts and Nevis transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity

Saint Lucia transit point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis cultivation

Saudi Arabia death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption of heroin, cocaine, and hashish; not a major money-laundering center, improving anti-money-laundering legislation

Senegal transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis

Serbia and Montenegro transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering

Singapore as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to be used as a transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money laundering

Slovakia transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market

Slovenia minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

South Africa transshipment center for heroin, hashish, marijuana, and cocaine; cocaine consumption on the rise; world's largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through various east African countries; illicit cultivation of marijuana; attractive venue for money launderers given the increasing level of organized criminal and narcotics activity in the region

Spain key European gateway country and consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish entering the European market; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering site for European earnings of Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations

Suriname growing transshipment point for South American drugs destined for Europe and Brazil; transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Switzerland a major international financial center vulnerable to the layering and integration stages of money laundering; despite significant legislation and reporting requirements, secrecy rules persist and nonresidents are permitted to conduct business through offshore entities and various intermediaries; transit country for and consumer of South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin

Syria a transit point for opiates and hashish bound for regional and Western markets; weak anti-money-laundering controls, bank privatization may leave it vulnerable to money-laundering

Taiwan regional transit point for heroin and methamphetamine; major problem with domestic consumption of methamphetamine and heroin; renewal of domestic methamphetamine production is a problem

Tajikistan major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80 percent of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium)

Tanzania growing role in transshipment of southwest and southeast Asian heroin and south American cocaine destined for south African, European, and US markets and of south Asian methaqualone bound for southern Africa; money laundering remains a problem

Thailand a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; illicit transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing indigenous abuse of methamphetamine

Togo transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem

Trinidad and Tobago transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis

Turkey key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

Turkmenistan transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and Western European markets; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Turks and Caicos Islands transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Ukraine limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF

United Arab Emirates the UAE is a drug transshipment point for traffickers given its proximity to southwest Asian drug producing countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls improving

United Kingdom producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs; money-laundering center

United States consumer of cocaine shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean; consumer of heroin, marijuana, and increasingly methamphetamine from Mexico; consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center

Uzbekistan transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Venezuela small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by Colombian insurgents on border

Vietnam minor producer of opium poppy; probable minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin; domestic opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems

World cocaine: worldwide, coca is grown on an estimated 173,450 hectares - almost exclusively in South America with 70% in Colombia; potential cocaine production during 2003 is estimated at 728 metric tons (or 835 metric tons of export quality cocaine); coca eradication programs continue in Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru; 376 metric tons of export quality cocaine are documented to have been seized in 2003, and 26 metric tons disrupted (jettisoned or destroyed); consumption of export quality cocaine is estimated to have been 800 metric tons opiates: cultivation of opium poppy occurred on an estimated 137,944 hectares in 2003 - mostly in Southwest and Southeast Asia - with 44% in Afghanistan, potentially produced 3,775 metric tons of opium, which conceivably could be converted to the equivalent of 429 metric tons of pure heroin; opium eradication programs have been undertaken in Afghanistan, Burma, Colombia, Mexico, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam

Zambia transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers

Zimbabwe transit point for African cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines destined for the South African and European markets

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005



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@2087 Imports

Afghanistan $3.759 billion (FY03-04)

Albania $2.076 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Algeria $15.25 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

American Samoa $123 million (2002)

Andorra $1.077 billion (1998)

Angola $4.896 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Anguilla $80.9 million (1999)

Antigua and Barbuda $692 million (2002 est.)

Argentina $22.06 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Armenia $1.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Aruba $841 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Australia $98.1 billion (2004 est.)

Austria $101.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Azerbaijan $3.622 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Bahamas, The $1.63 billion (2003)

Bahrain $5.87 billion (2004 est.)

Bangladesh $10.03 billion (2004 est.)

Barbados $1.039 billion (2002)

Belarus $13.57 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Belgium $235 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Belize $579.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Benin $934.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Bermuda $5.523 billion (2002)

Bhutan $196 million c.i.f. (2000 est.)

Bolivia $1.595 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina $5.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Botswana $2.255 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Brazil $61 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

British Virgin Islands $187 million (2002 est.)

Brunei $5.2 billion c.i.f. (2003)

Bulgaria $12.23 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Burkina Faso $866.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Burma $1.754 billion f.o.b. note: import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India (2004 est.)

Burundi $138.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cambodia $3.129 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cameroon $1.979 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Canada $256.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cape Verde $387.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cayman Islands $457.4 million (1999)

Central African Republic $136 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Chad $500.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Chile $22.53 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

China $552.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Christmas Island NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA

Colombia $15.34 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Comoros $88 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the $933 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Congo, Republic of the $749.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cook Islands $50.7 million (2000)

Costa Rica $7.842 billion (2004 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire $3.36 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Croatia $16.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cuba $5.296 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: $5.258 billion f.o.b. north Cyprus: $415.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Czech Republic $68.19 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Denmark $63.45 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Djibouti $665 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Dominica $98.2 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Dominican Republic $8.093 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

East Timor $167 million (2004 est.)

Ecuador $7.65 billion (2004 est.)

Egypt $19.21 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

El Salvador $5.968 billion (2004 est.)

Equatorial Guinea $1.167 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Eritrea $622 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Estonia $7.318 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ethiopia $2.104 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

European Union $1.123 trillion note: external imports, excluding intra-EU trade (2003)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $53 million (2002)

Faroe Islands $466 million c.i.f. (2002)

Fiji $835 million c.i.f. (2002)

Finland $45.17 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

France $419.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

French Guiana $625 million c.i.f. (2002 est.)

French Polynesia $1.341 billion f.o.b. (2002)

Gabon $1.225 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Gambia, The $180.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Gaza Strip $1.9 billion c.i.f., includes West Bank (2002)

Georgia $1.806 billion (2004 est.)

Germany $716.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ghana $3.699 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Gibraltar $1.743 billion c.i.f. (2002)

Greece $54.28 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Greenland $445 million c.i.f. (2002)

Grenada $208 million (2002 est.)

Guadeloupe $1.7 billion c.i.f. (1997)

Guam $462 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Guatemala $7.77 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guernsey $NA

Guinea $641.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guinea-Bissau $104 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Guyana $650.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Haiti $1.085 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Honduras $3.332 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Hong Kong $275.9 billion (2004 est.)

Hungary $58.68 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iceland $3.307 billion (2004 est.)

India $89.33 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Indonesia $45.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iran $31.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iraq $9.9 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ireland $60.65 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Israel $36.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Italy $329.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Jamaica $3.624 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Japan $401.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Jersey $NA

Jordan $7.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kazakhstan $13.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kenya $4.19 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kiribati $83 million c.i.f. (2002)

Korea, North $2.1 billion c.i.f. (2003)

Korea, South $214.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kuwait $11.12 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $775.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Laos $579.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Latvia $5.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Lebanon $8.162 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Lesotho $730.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Liberia $5.051 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Libya $7.224 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein $917.3 million (1996)

Lithuania $11.02 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Luxembourg $16.3 billion c.i.f. (2003)

Macau $2.76 billion c.i.f. (2003)

Macedonia $2.677 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Madagascar $1.147 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Malawi $521.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Malaysia $99.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Maldives $392 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Mali $927 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Malta $3.407 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Man, Isle of $NA

Marshall Islands $54 million f.o.b. (2000)

Martinique $2 billion c.i.f. (1997)

Mauritania $860 million f.o.b. (2002)

Mauritius $2.245 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Mayotte $141.3 million f.o.b. (1997)

Mexico $190.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of $149 million f.o.b. (FY99/00 est.)

Moldova $1.83 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Monaco $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Mongolia $1 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Montserrat $17 million (2001)

Morocco $15.63 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Mozambique $972.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Namibia $1.473 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Nauru $19.8 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Nepal $1.419 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Netherlands $252.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Netherlands Antilles $2.233 billion f.o.b. (2002)

New Caledonia $1.007 billion f.o.b. (2002)

New Zealand $19.77 billion (2004 est.)

Nicaragua $2.02 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Niger $400 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Nigeria $17.14 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Niue $2.38 million (1999)

Norfolk Island $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)

Northern Mariana Islands NA

Norway $45.96 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Oman $6.373 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Pakistan $14.01 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Palau $99 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)

Panama $7.164 billion f.o.b. (includes the Colon Free Zone) (2004 est.)

Papua New Guinea $1.353 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Paraguay $3.33 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Peru $9.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Philippines $37.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Pitcairn Islands NA

Poland $81.61 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Portugal $52.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Puerto Rico $29.1 billion c.i.f. (2001)

Qatar $6.15 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Reunion $2.5 billion c.i.f. (1997)

Romania $28.43 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Russia $92.91 billion (2004 est.)

Rwanda $260 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Saint Helena $42 million c.i.f. (2002)

Saint Kitts and Nevis $195 million (2002 est.)

Saint Lucia $267 million (2002 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon $106 million f.o.b. (2002)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $174 million (2002 est.)

Samoa $113 million f.o.b. (2002)

San Marino trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Sao Tome and Principe $41 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Saudi Arabia $36.21 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Senegal $2.128 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro $9.538 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Seychelles $393.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sierra Leone $264 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Singapore $155.2 billion (2004 est.)

Slovakia $29.67 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Slovenia $16.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Solomon Islands $67 million f.o.b. (2003)

Somalia $344 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

South Africa $39.42 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Spain $222 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sri Lanka $7.265 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sudan $3.496 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Suriname $604 million f.o.b. (2002)

Svalbard $NA

Swaziland $1.14 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sweden $97.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Switzerland $121.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Syria $5.042 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Taiwan $165.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tajikistan $1.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tanzania $1.972 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Thailand $80.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Togo $824.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tokelau $323,000 c.i.f. (1983)

Tonga $86 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago $4.65 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tunisia $11.52 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turkey $94.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turkmenistan $2.85 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands $175.6 million (2000)

Tuvalu $79 million c.i.f. (2002)

Uganda $1.306 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ukraine $31.45 billion (2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates $45.66 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

United Kingdom $439.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

United States $1.476 trillion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Uruguay $2.071 billion f.o.b. (2003)

Uzbekistan $2.82 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Vanuatu $138 million c.i.f. (2002)

Venezuela $14.98 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Vietnam $26.31 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Virgin Islands NA

Wallis and Futuna $300,000 f.o.b. (1999)

West Bank $1.5 billion c.i.f., includes Gaza Strip (2002)

Western Sahara NA

World $8.754 trillion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Yemen $3.734 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Zambia $1.519 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Zimbabwe $1.599 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005



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@2088 Independence

Afghanistan 19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)

Albania 28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)

Algeria 5 July 1962 (from France)

American Samoa none (territory of the US)

Andorra 1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)

Angola 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

Anguilla none (overseas territory of the UK)

Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981 (from UK)

Argentina 9 July 1816 (from Spain)

Armenia 21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Aruba none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Australia 1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)

Austria 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed)

Azerbaijan 30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Bahamas, The 10 July 1973 (from UK)

Bahrain 15 August 1971 (from UK)

Bangladesh 16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh

Barbados 30 November 1966 (from UK)

Belarus 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Belgium 4 October 1830 (a provisional government declares independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King Leopold I ascends to the throne)

Belize 21 September 1981 (from UK)

Benin 1 August 1960 (from France)

Bermuda none (overseas territory of the UK)

Bhutan 8 August 1949 (from India)

Bolivia 6 August 1825 (from Spain)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for independence was completed 1 March 1992; independence was declared 3 March 1992)

Botswana 30 September 1966 (from UK)

Brazil 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

British Virgin Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)

Brunei 1 January 1984 (from UK)

Bulgaria 3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire)

Burkina Faso 5 August 1960 (from France)

Burma 4 January 1948 (from UK)

Burundi 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

Cambodia 9 November 1953 (from France)

Cameroon 1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Canada 1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (independence recognized)

Cape Verde 5 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Cayman Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)

Central African Republic 13 August 1960 (from France)

Chad 11 August 1960 (from France)

Chile 18 September 1810 (from Spain)

China 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949 (People's Republic established)

Christmas Island none (territory of Australia)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands none (territory of Australia)

Colombia 20 July 1810 (from Spain)

Comoros 6 July 1975 (from France)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 30 June 1960 (from Belgium)

Congo, Republic of the 15 August 1960 (from France)

Cook Islands none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action)

Costa Rica 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Cote d'Ivoire 7 August 1960 (from France)

Croatia 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Cuba 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902)

Cyprus 16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these proclamations are only recognized by Turkey

Czech Republic 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

Denmark first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy

Djibouti 27 June 1977 (from France)

Dominica 3 November 1978 (from UK)

Dominican Republic 27 February 1844 (from Haiti)

East Timor 28 November 1975 (date of proclamation of independence from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international recognition of East Timor's independence from Indonesia

Ecuador 24 May 1822 (from Spain)

Egypt 28 February 1922 (from UK)

El Salvador 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Equatorial Guinea 12 October 1968 (from Spain)

Eritrea 24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)

Estonia 20 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Ethiopia oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years

European Union 7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed establishing the EU); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered into force)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)

Faroe Islands none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)