United Arab Emirates chief of state: President Sheikh KHALIFA bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 3 November 2004), ruler of Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) (since 4 November 2004) and Vice President MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy (Dubai) head of government: Prime Minister MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum (since 8 October 1990), ruler of Dubayy (Dubai); Deputy Prime Minister SULTAN bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 November 1990); Deputy Prime Minister HAMDAN bin Zayid al-Nuhayyan (since 20 October 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president note: there is also a Federal Supreme Council (FSC) composed of the seven emirate rulers; the FSC is the highest constitutional authority in the UAE; establishes general policies and sanctions federal legislation; meets four times a year; Abu Zaby (Abu Dhabi) and Dubayy (Dubai) rulers have effective veto power elections: president and vice president elected by the Federal Supreme Council (composed of rulers of the seven emirates) for five-year terms; election last held 3 November 2004 upon the death of the UAE's Founding Father and first President ZAYID bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan (next to be held 2009); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president election results: Sheikh KHALIFA bin Zayid Al Nuhayyan elected president by a unanimous vote of the FSC; MAKTUM bin Rashid al-Maktum unanimously reaffirmed vice president

United Kingdom chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Heir Apparent Prince CHARLES (son of the queen, born 14 November 1948) head of government: Prime Minister Anthony (Tony) BLAIR (since 2 May 1997) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the prime minister elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually the prime minister

United States chief of state: President George W. BUSH (since 20 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President George W. BUSH (since 20 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with Senate approval elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by a college of representatives who are elected directly from each state; president and vice president serve four-year terms; election last held 2 November 2004 (next to be held November 2008) election results: George W. BUSH reelected president; percent of popular vote - George W. BUSH (Republican Party) 50.9%, John KERRY (Democratic Party) 48.1%, other 1.0%

Uruguay chief of state: President Tabare VAZQUEZ (since 1 March 2005) and Vice President Rodolfo NIN NOVA (since 1 March 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Tabare VAZQUEZ (since 1 March 2005) and Vice President Rodolfo NIN NOVA (since 1 March 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president with parliamentary approval elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 31 October 2004 (next to be held October 2009) election results: Tabare VAZQUEZ elected president; percent of vote - Tabare VAZQUEZ 50.5%, Jorge LARRANAGA 35.1%, Guillermo STIRLING 10.3%

Uzbekistan chief of state: President Islom KARIMOV (since 24 March 1990, when he was elected president by the then Supreme Soviet) head of government: Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYAYEV (since 11 December 2003) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the Supreme Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (previously was a five-year term, extended by constitutional amendment in 2002); election last held 9 January 2000 (next to be held December 2007); prime minister and deputy ministers appointed by the president election results: Islom KARIMOV reelected president; percent of vote - Islom KARIMOV 91.9%, Abdulkhafiz JALALOV 4.2%

Vanuatu chief of state: President Kalkot Matas KELEKELE (since 16 August 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Ham LINI (since 11 December 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Sato KILMAN (since 11 December 2004); Prime Minister Serge VOHOR ousted in no-confidence vote on 11 December 2004 cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister, responsible to Parliament elections: president elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils; election for president last held 16 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by Parliament from among its members; election for prime minister last held 29 July 2004 (next to be held following general elections in 2008) election results: Kalkot Matas KELEKELE elected president, with 49 votes out of 56, after several ballots on 16 August 2004

Venezuela chief of state: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February 1999); Vice President Jose Vicente RANGEL Vale (since 28 April 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Hugo CHAVEZ Frias (since 3 February 1999); Vice President Jose Vicente RANGEL Vale (since 28 April 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 30 July 2000 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: Hugo CHAVEZ Frias reelected president; percent of vote - 60% note: a special presidential recall vote on 15 August 2004 resulted in a victory for CHAVEZ; percent of vote - 58% in favor of CHAVEZ fulfilling the remaining two years of his term, 42% in favor of terminating his presidency immediately

Vietnam chief of state: President Tran Duc LUONG (since 24 September 1997) head of government: Prime Minister Phan Van KHAI (since 25 September 1997); First Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Tan DUNG (since 29 September 1997); Deputy Prime Ministers Vu KHOAN (8 August 2002) and Pham Gia KHIEM (since 29 September 1997) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president based on proposal of prime minister and ratification of National Assembly elections: president elected by the National Assembly from among its members for a five-year term; election last held 25 July 2002 (next to be held when National Assembly meets following legislative elections in 2007); prime minister appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed by the prime minister election results: Tran Duc LUONG elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - NA%

Virgin Islands chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001) head of government: Governor Dr. Charles Wesley TURNBULL (since 5 January 1999) cabinet: NA elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor and lieutenant governor elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 5 November 2002 (next to be held November 2006) election results: Dr. Charles Wesley TURNBULL reelected governor; percent of vote - Dr. Charles Wesley TURNBULL (Democrat) 50.5%, John de JONGH 24.4%

Wallis and Futuna chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Administrator Xavier DE FURST (since 18 January 2005) head of government: President of the Territorial Assembly Patalione KANIMOA (since NA January 2001) cabinet: Council of the Territory consists of three kings and three members appointed by the high administrator on the advice of the Territorial Assembly note: there are three traditional kings with limited powers elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high administrator appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the Territorial Government and the Territorial Assembly are elected by the members of the assembly

Western Sahara none

Yemen chief of state: President Ali Abdallah SALIH (since 22 May 1990, the former president of North Yemen, assumed office upon the merger of North and South Yemen); Vice President Maj. Gen. Abd al-Rab Mansur al-HADI (since 3 October 1994) head of government: Prime Minister Abd al-Qadir BA JAMAL (since 4 April 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister elections: president elected by direct, popular vote for a seven-year term (recently extended from a five-year term by constitutional amendment); election last held 23 September 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); vice president appointed by the president; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president election results: Ali Abdallah SALIH elected president; percent of vote - Ali Abdallah SALIH 96.3%, Najib Qahtan AL-SHAABI 3.7%

Zambia chief of state: President Levy MWANAWASA (since 2 January 2002); Vice President Lupando MWAPE (since 4 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Levy MWANAWASA (since 2 January 2002); Vice President Lupando MWAPE (since 4 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 27 December 2001 (next to be held December 2006); vice president appointed by the president election results: Levy MWANAWASA elected president; percent of vote - Levy MWANAWASA 29%, Anderson MAZOKA 27%, Christon TEMBO 13%, Tilyenji KAUNDA 10%, Godfrey MIYANDA 8%, Benjamin MWILA 5%, Michael SATA 3%, other 5%

Zimbabwe chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a 6-year term; election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held March 2008); co-vice presidents appointed by the president election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005



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@2078 Exports

Afghanistan $446 million (not including illicit exports or reexports) (FY03-04)

Albania $552.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Algeria $32.16 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

American Samoa $30 million (2002)

Andorra $58 million f.o.b. (1998)

Angola $12.76 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Anguilla $2.6 million (1999)

Antigua and Barbuda $689 million (2002)

Argentina $33.78 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Armenia $850 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Aruba $128 million f.o.b. (including oil reexports) (2002 est.)

Australia $86.89 billion (2004 est.)

Austria $102.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Azerbaijan $3.168 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Bahamas, The $636 million (2003 est.)

Bahrain $8.205 billion (2004 est.)

Bangladesh $7.478 billion (2004 est.)

Barbados $206 million (2002)

Belarus $11.47 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Belgium $255.7 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Belize $401.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Benin $720.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Bermuda $879 million (2002)

Bhutan $154 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)

Bolivia $1.986 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina $1.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Botswana $2.94 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Brazil $95 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

British Virgin Islands $25.3 million (2002)

Brunei $7.7 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Bulgaria $9.134 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Burkina Faso $418.6 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Burma $2.137 billion f.o.b. note: official export figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of timber, gems, narcotics, rice, and other products smuggled to Thailand, China, and Bangladesh (2004 est.)

Burundi $31.84 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cambodia $2.311 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cameroon $2.445 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Canada $315.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cape Verde $61.11 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cayman Islands $1.2 million (1999)

Central African Republic $172 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Chad $365 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Chile $29.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

China $583.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Christmas Island NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA

Colombia $15.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Comoros $28 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the $1.417 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Congo, Republic of the $2.224 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cook Islands $9.1 million (2000)

Costa Rica $6.184 billion (2004 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire $5.124 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Croatia $7.845 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cuba $2.104 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: $1.094 billion f.o.b. north Cyprus: $49.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Czech Republic $66.51 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Denmark $73.06 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Djibouti $155 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Dominica $39 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Dominican Republic $5.446 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

East Timor $8 million (2004 est.)

Ecuador $7.56 billion (2004 est.)

Egypt $11 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

El Salvador $3.249 billion (2004 est.)

Equatorial Guinea $2.771 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Eritrea $64.44 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Estonia $5.701 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ethiopia $562.8 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

European Union $1.109 trillion note: external exports, excluding intra EU trade (2003)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $82 million (2002)

Faroe Islands $408 million f.o.b. (2002)

Fiji $609 million f.o.b. (2002)

Finland $61.04 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

France $419 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

French Guiana $155 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

French Polynesia $244 million f.o.b. (2002)

Gabon $3.71 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Gambia, The $114.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Gaza Strip $205 million f.o.b., includes West Bank (2002)

Georgia $909.4 million (2004 est.)

Germany $893.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ghana $3.01 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Gibraltar $136 million f.o.b. (2002)

Greece $15.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Greenland $388 million f.o.b. (2002)

Grenada $46 million (2002 est.)

Guadeloupe $140 million f.o.b. (1997)

Guam $38 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Guatemala $2.911 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guernsey $NA

Guinea $709.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guinea-Bissau $54 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Guyana $570.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Haiti $338.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Honduras $1.457 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Hong Kong $268.1 billion f.o.b., including reexports (2004 est.)

Hungary $54.62 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iceland $2.902 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

India $69.18 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Indonesia $69.86 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iran $38.79 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iraq $10.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ireland $103.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Israel $34.41 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Italy $336.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Jamaica $1.679 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Japan $538.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Jersey $NA

Jordan $3.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kazakhstan $18.47 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kenya $2.589 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kiribati $35 million f.o.b. (2002)

Korea, North $1.2 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Korea, South $250.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kuwait $27.42 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $646.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Laos $365.5 million (2004 est.)

Latvia $3.569 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Lebanon $1.783 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Lesotho $484.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Liberia $1.079 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Libya $18.65 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein $2.47 billion (1996)

Lithuania $8.88 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Luxembourg $13.4 billion f.o.b. (2003)

Macau $2.58 billion f.o.b., including reexports (2003)

Macedonia $1.629 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Madagascar $868.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Malawi $503.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Malaysia $123.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Maldives $90 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Mali $915 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Malta $2.625 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Man, Isle of $NA

Marshall Islands $9 million f.o.b. (2000)

Martinique $250 million f.o.b. (1997)

Mauritania $541 million f.o.b. (2002)

Mauritius $2.012 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Mayotte $3.44 million f.o.b. (1997)

Mexico $182.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of $22 million (f.o.b.) (FY99/00 est.)

Moldova $1.03 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Monaco $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Mongolia $853 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Montserrat $700,000 (2001)

Morocco $9.754 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Mozambique $689.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Namibia $1.356 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Nauru $640,000 f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Nepal $568 million f.o.b., but does not include unrecorded border trade with India (2002 est.)

Netherlands $293.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Netherlands Antilles $1.579 billion f.o.b. (2002)

New Caledonia $448 million f.o.b. (2002)

New Zealand $19.85 billion (2004 est.)

Nicaragua $750 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Niger $280 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Nigeria $33.99 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Niue $137,200 (1999)

Norfolk Island $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY99/00)

Northern Mariana Islands NA

Norway $76.64 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Oman $13.14 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Pakistan $15.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Palau $18 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)

Panama $5.699 billion f.o.b. (includes the Colon Free Zone) (2004 est.)

Papua New Guinea $2.437 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Paraguay $2.936 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Peru $12.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Philippines $38.63 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Pitcairn Islands NA

Poland $75.98 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Portugal $37.68 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Puerto Rico $46.9 billion f.o.b. (2001)

Qatar $15 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Reunion $214 million f.o.b. (1997)

Romania $23.54 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Russia $162.5 billion (2004 est.)

Rwanda $69.78 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Saint Helena $17 million f.o.b. (2002)

Saint Kitts and Nevis $70 million (2002 est.)

Saint Lucia $66 million (2002 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon $10 million f.o.b. (2002)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $38 million (2002 est.)

Samoa $14 million f.o.b. (2002)

San Marino trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Sao Tome and Principe $6.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Saudi Arabia $113 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Senegal $1.374 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro $3.245 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Seychelles $256.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sierra Leone $49 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Singapore $174 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Slovakia $29.24 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Slovenia $14.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Solomon Islands $74 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Somalia $79 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

South Africa $41.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Spain $172.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sri Lanka $5.306 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sudan $3.395 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Suriname $495 million f.o.b. (2002)

Svalbard $NA

Swaziland $900.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sweden $121.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Switzerland $130.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Syria $6.086 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Taiwan $170.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tajikistan $1.13 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tanzania $1.248 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Thailand $87.91 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Togo $663.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tokelau $98,000 f.o.b. (1983)

Tonga $27 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago $6.671 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tunisia $9.926 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turkey $69.46 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turkmenistan $4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands $169.2 million (2000)

Tuvalu $1 million f.o.b. (2002)

Uganda $621.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ukraine $32.91 billion (2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates $69.48 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

United Kingdom $347.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

United States $795 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Uruguay $2.2 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Uzbekistan $3.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Vanuatu $26.6 million f.o.b. (2003)

Venezuela $35.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Vietnam $23.72 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Virgin Islands NA

Wallis and Futuna $250,000 f.o.b. (1999)

West Bank $205 million f.o.b., includes Gaza Strip (2002)

Western Sahara NA

World $8.819 trillion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Yemen $4.468 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Zambia $1.548 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Zimbabwe $1.409 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005



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@2079 Debt - external

Afghanistan $8 billion in bilateral debt, mostly to Russia; Afghanistan has $500 million in debt to Multilateral Development Banks (2004)

Albania $1.41 billion (2003)

Algeria $21.9 billion (2004 est.)

American Samoa $NA

Andorra $NA

Angola $10.45 billion (2004 est.)

Anguilla $8.8 million (1998)

Antigua and Barbuda $231 million (1999)

Argentina $157.7 billion (2004 est.)

Armenia $905 million (June 2001)

Aruba $285 million (1996)

Australia $308.7 billion (3rd quarter, 2004 est.)

Austria $15.5 billion (2003 est.)

Azerbaijan $1.832 billion (2004 est.)

Bahamas, The $308.5 million (2002)

Bahrain $6.215 billion (2004 est.)

Bangladesh $19.97 billion (2004 est.)

Barbados $668 million (2003)

Belarus $600 million (2004 est.)

Belgium $28.3 billion (1999 est.)

Belize $1.362 billion (June 2004 est.)

Benin $1.6 billion (2000)

Bermuda $160 million (FY99/00)

Bhutan $245 million (2000)

Bolivia $5.439 billion (June 2004 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina $3 billion (2004 est.)

Botswana $531 million (2004 est.)

Brazil $219.8 billion (2004 est.)

British Virgin Islands $36.1 million (1997)

Brunei $0

Bulgaria $16.1 billion (November 2004 est.)

Burkina Faso $1.3 billion (2000)

Burma $6.752 billion (2004 est.)

Burundi $1.133 billion (2002)

Cambodia $2.4 billion (2002 est.)

Cameroon $8.46 billion (2004 est.)

Canada $570 billion (2004)

Cape Verde $325 million (2002)

Cayman Islands $70 million (1996)

Central African Republic $881.4 million (2000 est.)

Chad $1.1 billion (2000 est.)

Chile $44.6 billion (2004 est.)

China $233.3 billion (3rd quarter 2004 est.)

Colombia $38.7 billion (2004 est.)

Comoros $232 million (2000 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the $11.6 billion (2000 est.)

Congo, Republic of the $5 billion (2000 est.)

Cook Islands $141 million (1996 est.)

Costa Rica $5.962 billion (2004 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire $11.81 billion (2004 est.)

Croatia $26.4 billion (2004 est.)

Cuba $12.09 billion (convertible currency); another $15-20 billion owed to Russia (2004 est.)

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: $7.327 billion; north Cyprus: $NA (2004 est.)

Czech Republic $36.28 billion (2004 est.)

Denmark $21.7 billion (2000)

Djibouti $366 million (2002 est.)

Dominica $161.5 million (2001)

Dominican Republic $7.745 billion (2004 est.)

East Timor none

Ecuador $16.81 billion (2004 est.)

Egypt $33.75 billion (2004 est.)

El Salvador $4.792 billion (September 2004 est.)

Equatorial Guinea $248 million (2000 est.)

Eritrea $311 million (2000 est.)

Estonia $8.373 billion (2004 est.)

Ethiopia $2.9 billion (2001 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $NA

Faroe Islands $64 million (1999)

Fiji $188.1 million (2001 est.)

Finland $30 billion (December 1993)

France $NA

French Guiana $1.2 billion (1988)

French Polynesia NA

Gabon $3.804 billion (2004 est.)

Gambia, The $476 million (2001 est.)

Gaza Strip $108 million (includes West Bank) (1997 est.)

Georgia $1.8 billion (2002)

Germany NA

Ghana $7.396 billion (2004 est.)

Gibraltar $NA (2000 est.)

Greece $67.23 billion (2004 est.)

Greenland $25 million (1999)

Grenada $196 million (2000)

Guadeloupe $NA (yearend 2003 est.)

Guam NA

Guatemala $5.969 billion (2004 est.)

Guernsey $NA

Guinea $3.25 billion (2001 est.)

Guinea-Bissau $941.5 million (2000 est.)

Guyana $1.2 billion (2002)

Haiti $1.2 billion (2004 est.)

Honduras $5.365 billion (September 2004 est.)

Hong Kong $66.94 billion (2004 est.)

Hungary $57 billion (2004 est.)

Iceland $3.073 billion (2002)

India $117.2 billion (2004 est.)

Indonesia $141.5 billion (2004 est.)

Iran $13.4 billion (2004 est.)

Iraq $125 billion (2004 est.)

Ireland $11 billion (1998)

Israel $74.46 billion (2004 est.)

Italy $913.9 billion (2004 est.)

Jamaica $5.964 billion (2004 est.)

Japan NA (2002 est.)

Jersey none

Jordan $7.32 billion (2004 est.)

Kazakhstan $26.03 billion (2004 est.)

Kenya $6.792 billion (2004 est.)

Kiribati $10 million (1999 est.)

Korea, North $12 billion (1996 est.)

Korea, South $160 billion (2004 est.)

Kuwait $15.02 billion (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $1.97 billion (2004 est.)

Laos $2.49 billion (2001)

Latvia $7.368 billion (2004 est.)

Lebanon $15.84 billion (2004 est.)

Lesotho $735 million (2002)

Liberia $2.1 billion (2000 est.)

Libya $4.069 billion (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein $0 (2001)

Lithuania $10.01 billion (2004 est.)

Luxembourg $NA

Macau $2.7 billion (2003)

Macedonia $1.863 billion (2004 est.)

Madagascar $4.6 billion (2002)

Malawi $3.129 billion (2004 est.)

Malaysia $53.36 billion (2004 est.)

Maldives $281 million (2003 est.)

Mali $3.3 billion (2000)

Malta $130 million (1997)

Man, Isle of $NA

Marshall Islands $86.5 million (FY99/00 est.)

Martinique $180 million (1994)

Mauritania $2.5 billion (2000)

Mauritius $1.78 billion (2004 est.)

Mayotte $NA

Mexico $149.9 billion (2004 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of $53.1 million (FY02/03 est.)

Moldova $1.4 billion (2004 est.)

Monaco $18 billion (2000 est.)

Mongolia $1.191 billion (2004 est.)

Montserrat $8.9 million (1997)

Morocco $17.07 billion (2004 est.)

Mozambique $966 million (2002 est.)

Namibia $1.136 billion (2004 est.)

Nauru $33.3 million (2002)

Nepal $2.7 billion (2001)

Netherlands Antilles $1.35 billion (1996)

New Caledonia $79 million (1998 est.)

New Zealand $47.34 billion (2004 est.)

Nicaragua $4.573 billion (2004 est.)

Niger $1.6 billion (1999 est.)

Nigeria $30.55 billion (2004 est.)

Niue $418,000 (2002 est.)

Norfolk Island NA

Northern Mariana Islands NA

Norway $0 (Norway is a net external creditor) (2003 est.)

Oman $4.814 billion (2004 est.)

Pakistan $33.97 billion (2004 est.)

Palau $0 (FY99/00)

Panama $8.78 billion (2004 est.)

Papua New Guinea $2.463 billion (2004 est.)

Paraguay $3.239 billion (2004 est.)

Peru $29.79 billion (2004 est.)

Philippines $55.6 billion (September 2004 est.)

Pitcairn Islands NA

Poland $99.15 billion (2004 est.)

Portugal $274.7 billion (2004 est.)

Puerto Rico NA

Qatar $18.62 billion (2004 est.)

Reunion $NA

Romania $24.59 billion (2004 est.)

Russia $169.6 billion (2004 est.)

Rwanda $1.3 billion (2000 est.)

Saint Helena NA (1996)

Saint Kitts and Nevis $171 million (2001)

Saint Lucia $214 million (2000)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon $NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $167.2 million (2000)

Samoa $197 million (2000)

San Marino $NA

Sao Tome and Principe $318 million (2002)

Saudi Arabia $34.35 billion (2004 est.)

Senegal $3.476 billion (2004 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro $12.97 billion (2004 est.)

Seychelles $218.1 million (2004 est.)

Sierra Leone $1.5 billion (2002 est.)

Singapore $19.4 billion (2004 est.)

Slovakia $19.54 billion (2004 est.)

Slovenia $14.65 billion (2004 est.)

Solomon Islands $180.4 million (2002)

Somalia $3 billion (2001 est.)

South Africa $27.01 billion (2004 est.)

Spain $771.1 billion (2004 est.)

Sri Lanka $10.85 billion (2004 est.)

Sudan $21 billion (2004 est.)

Suriname $321 million (2002 est.)

Swaziland $320 million (2002 est.)

Sweden $66.5 billion (1994)

Switzerland $NA (2000)

Syria $4 billion (excludes military debt and debt to Russia) (2004 est.)

Taiwan $55.5 billion (2004 est.)

Tajikistan $888 million (2004 est.)

Tanzania $7.321 billion (2004 est.)

Thailand $50.59 billion (2004 est.)

Togo $1.4 billion (2000)

Tokelau $0

Tonga $63.4 million (2001)

Trinidad and Tobago $2.94 billion (2004 est.)

Tunisia $14.71 billion (2004 est.)

Turkey $16.9 billion (2004 est.)

Turkmenistan $2.4 billion to $5 billion (2001 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands NA

Tuvalu NA

Uganda $3.865 billion (2004 est.)

Ukraine $16.37 billion (2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates $5.9 billion (2004 est.)

United Kingdom $4.71 trillion (2003)

United States $1.4 trillion (2001 est.)

Uruguay $12.8 billion (March 2004)

Uzbekistan $4.351 billion (2004 est.)

Vanuatu $83.7 million (2002)

Venezuela $33.29 billion (2004 est.)

Vietnam $16.55 billion (2004 est.)

Virgin Islands NA

Wallis and Futuna $NA

West Bank $108 million (includes Gaza Strip) (1997 est.)

Western Sahara NA

World $12.7 trillion (2004 est.)

Yemen $5.4 billion (2004 est.)

Zambia $5.353 billion (2004 est.)

Zimbabwe $4.086 billion (2004 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005



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@2080 Fiscal year

Afghanistan 21 March - 20 March

Albania calendar year

Algeria calendar year

American Samoa 1 October - 30 September

Andorra calendar year

Angola calendar year

Anguilla 1 April - 31 March

Antigua and Barbuda 1 April - 31 March

Argentina calendar year

Armenia calendar year

Aruba calendar year

Australia 1 July - 30 June

Austria calendar year

Azerbaijan calendar year

Bahamas, The 1 July - 30 June

Bahrain calendar year

Bangladesh 1 July - 30 June

Barbados 1 April - 31 March

Belarus calendar year

Belgium calendar year

Belize 1 April - 31 March

Benin calendar year

Bermuda 1 April - 31 March

Bhutan 1 July - 30 June

Bolivia calendar year

Bosnia and Herzegovina calendar year

Botswana 1 April - 31 March

Brazil calendar year

British Virgin Islands 1 April - 31 March

Brunei calendar year

Bulgaria calendar year

Burkina Faso calendar year

Burma 1 April - 31 March

Burundi calendar year

Cambodia calendar year

Cameroon 1 July - 30 June

Canada 1 April - 31 March

Cape Verde calendar year

Cayman Islands 1 April - 31 March

Central African Republic calendar year

Chad calendar year

Chile calendar year

China calendar year

Christmas Island 1 July - 30 June

Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1 July - 30 June

Colombia calendar year

Comoros calendar year

Congo, Democratic Republic of the calendar year

Congo, Republic of the calendar year

Cook Islands 1 April - 31 March

Costa Rica calendar year

Cote d'Ivoire calendar year

Croatia calendar year

Cuba calendar year

Cyprus calendar year

Czech Republic calendar year

Denmark calendar year

Djibouti calendar year

Dominica 1 July - 30 June

Dominican Republic calendar year

East Timor 1 July - 30 June

Ecuador calendar year

Egypt 1 July - 30 June

El Salvador calendar year

Equatorial Guinea 1 January - 31 December

Eritrea calendar year

Estonia calendar year

Ethiopia 8 July - 7 July

European Union NA

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1 April - 31 March

Faroe Islands calendar year

Fiji calendar year

Finland calendar year

France calendar year

French Guiana calendar year

French Polynesia calendar year

Gabon calendar year

Gambia, The calendar year

Gaza Strip calendar year

Georgia calendar year

Germany calendar year

Ghana calendar year

Gibraltar 1 July - 30 June

Greece calendar year

Greenland calendar year

Grenada calendar year

Guadeloupe calendar year

Guam 1 October - 30 September

Guatemala calendar year

Guernsey calendar year

Guinea calendar year

Guinea-Bissau calendar year

Guyana calendar year

Haiti 1 October - 30 September

Holy See (Vatican City) calendar year

Honduras calendar year

Hong Kong 1 April - 31 March

Hungary calendar year

Iceland calendar year

India 1 April - 31 March

Indonesia calendar year; note - previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year

Iran 21 March - 20 March

Iraq calendar year

Ireland calendar year

Israel calendar year

Italy calendar year

Jamaica 1 April - 31 March

Japan 1 April - 31 March

Jersey 1 April - 31 March

Jordan calendar year

Kazakhstan calendar year

Kenya 1 July - 30 June

Kiribati NA

Korea, North calendar year

Korea, South calendar year

Kuwait 1 April - 31 March

Kyrgyzstan calendar year

Laos 1 October - 30 September

Latvia calendar year

Lebanon calendar year

Lesotho 1 April - 31 March

Liberia calendar year

Libya calendar year

Liechtenstein calendar year

Lithuania calendar year

Luxembourg calendar year

Macau calendar year

Macedonia calendar year

Madagascar calendar year

Malawi 1 July - 30 June

Malaysia calendar year

Maldives calendar year

Mali calendar year

Malta 1 April - 31 March

Man, Isle of 1 April - 31 March

Marshall Islands 1 October - 30 September

Martinique calendar year

Mauritania calendar year

Mauritius 1 July - 30 June

Mayotte calendar year

Mexico calendar year

Micronesia, Federated States of 1 October - 30 September

Moldova calendar year

Monaco calendar year

Mongolia calendar year

Montserrat 1 April - 31 March

Morocco calendar year

Mozambique calendar year

Namibia 1 April - 31 March

Nauru 1 July - 30 June

Nepal 16 July - 15 July

Netherlands calendar year

Netherlands Antilles calendar year

New Caledonia calendar year

New Zealand 1 July - 30 June

Nicaragua calendar year

Niger calendar year

Nigeria calendar year

Niue 1 April - 31 March

Norfolk Island 1 July - 30 June

Northern Mariana Islands 1 October - 30 September

Norway calendar year

Oman calendar year

Pakistan 1 July - 30 June

Palau 1 October - 30 September

Panama calendar year

Papua New Guinea calendar year

Paraguay calendar year

Peru calendar year

Philippines calendar year

Pitcairn Islands 1 April - 31 March

Poland calendar year

Portugal calendar year

Puerto Rico 1 July - 30 June

Qatar 1 April - 31 March

Reunion calendar year

Romania calendar year

Russia calendar year

Rwanda calendar year

Saint Helena 1 April - 31 March

Saint Kitts and Nevis calendar year

Saint Lucia 1 April - 31 March

Saint Pierre and Miquelon calendar year

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines calendar year

Samoa June 1 - May 31

San Marino calendar year

Sao Tome and Principe calendar year

Saudi Arabia 1 March - 28 February

Senegal calendar year

Serbia and Montenegro calendar year

Seychelles calendar year

Sierra Leone calendar year

Singapore 1 April - 31 March

Slovakia calendar year

Slovenia calendar year

Solomon Islands calendar year

Somalia NA

South Africa 1 April - 31 March

Spain calendar year

Sri Lanka calendar year

Sudan calendar year

Suriname calendar year

Swaziland 1 April - 31 March

Sweden calendar year

Switzerland calendar year

Syria calendar year

Taiwan 1 July - 30 June (up to FY98/99); 1 July 1999 - 31 December 2000 for FY00; calendar year (after FY00)

Tajikistan calendar year

Tanzania 1 July - 30 June

Thailand 1 October - 30 September

Togo calendar year

Tokelau 1 April - 31 March

Tonga 1 July - 30 June

Trinidad and Tobago 1 October - 30 September

Tunisia calendar year

Turkey calendar year

Turkmenistan calendar year

Turks and Caicos Islands calendar year

Tuvalu calendar year

Uganda 1 July - 30 June

Ukraine calendar year

United Arab Emirates calendar year

United Kingdom 6 April - 5 April

United States 1 October - 30 September

Uruguay calendar year

Uzbekistan calendar year

Vanuatu calendar year

Venezuela calendar year

Vietnam calendar year

Virgin Islands 1 October - 30 September

Wallis and Futuna calendar year

West Bank calendar year (since 1 January 1992)

Western Sahara calendar year

Yemen calendar year

Zambia calendar year

Zimbabwe calendar year

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005



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@2081 Flag description

Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist), red, and green, with a gold emblem centered on the red band; the emblem features a temple-like structure encircled by a wreath on the left and right and by a bold Islamic inscription above

Akrotiri the flag of the UK is used

Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center

Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam (the state religion)

American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club

Andorra three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem

Angola two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)

Anguilla blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below

Antigua and Barbuda red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band

Argentina three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May

Armenia three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange

Aruba blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner

Ashmore and Cartier Islands the flag of Australia is used

Australia blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth Star, representing the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901; the star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one representing all of Australia's internal and external territories; the remaining half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four larger, seven-pointed stars

Austria three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red

Azerbaijan three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red band

Bahamas, The three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side

Bahrain red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states, with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam

Baker Island the flag of the US is used

Bangladesh green with a large red disk slightly to the hoist side of center; the red sun of freedom represents the blood shed to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush countryside, and secondarily, the traditional color of Islam

Barbados three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident)

Bassas da India the flag of France is used

Belarus red horizontal band (top) and green horizontal band one-half the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe on the hoist side bears Belarusian national ornamention in red

Belgium three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red; the design was based on the flag of France

Belize blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland

Benin two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red (bottom) with a vertical green band on the hoist side

Bermuda red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag

Bhutan divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side

Bolivia three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band

Bosnia and Herzegovina a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag; the remainder of the flag is medium blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle

Botswana light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center

Bouvet Island the flag of Norway is used

Brazil green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress)

British Indian Ocean Territory white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag

British Virgin Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Virgin Islander coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts a woman flanked on either side by a vertical column of six oil lamps above a scroll bearing the Latin word VIGILATE (Be Watchful)

Brunei yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands

Bulgaria three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; note - the national emblem, formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe, has been removed

Burkina Faso two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Burma red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, 14 white five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 7 administrative divisions and 7 states

Burundi divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)

Cambodia three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; only national flag to incorporate a building in its design

Cameroon three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Canada two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width), with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the official colors of Canada are red and white

Cape Verde three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands

Cayman Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Caymanian coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms includes a pineapple and turtle above a shield with three stars (representing the three islands) and a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS

Central African Republic four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; there is a yellow five-pointed star on the hoist side of the blue band

Chad three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France

Chile two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center representing a guide to progress and honor; blue symbolizes the sky, white is for the snow-covered Andes, and red stands for the blood spilled to achieve independence; design was influenced by the US flag

China red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner

Christmas Island the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory

Clipperton Island the flag of France is used

Cocos (Keeling) Islands the flag of Australia is used

Colombia three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red; similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the Ecuadorian coat of arms superimposed in the center

Comoros four equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), white, red, and blue with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist; centered within the triangle is a white crescent with the convex side facing the hoist and four white, five-pointed stars placed vertically in a line between the points of the crescent; the horizontal bands and the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Congo, Democratic Republic of the light blue with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center and a columnar arrangement of six small yellow five-pointed stars along the hoist side

Congo, Republic of the divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Cook Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the outer half of the flag

Coral Sea Islands the flag of Australia is used

Costa Rica five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and blue, with the coat of arms in a white elliptical disk on the hoist side of the red band; above the coat of arms a light blue ribbon contains the words, AMERICA CENTRAL, and just below it near the top of the coat of arms is a white ribbon with the words, REPUBLICA COSTA RICA

Cote d'Ivoire three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France

Croatia red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)

Cuba five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center; design influenced by the US flag

Cyprus white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities note: the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" flag has a horizontal red stripe at the top and bottom between which is a red crescent and red star on a white field

Czech Republic two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side (identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia)

Denmark red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden

Dhekelia the flag of the UK is used

Djibouti two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center

Dominica green, with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes)

Dominican Republic a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms featuring a shield supported by an olive branch (left) and a palm branch (right) is at the center of the cross; above the shield a blue ribbon displays the motto, DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty), and below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA appears on a red ribbon

East Timor red, with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a slightly longer yellow arrowhead that extends to the center of the flag; there is a white star in the center of the black triangle

Ecuador three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia, which is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms

Egypt three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the national emblem (a gold Eagle of Saladin facing the hoist side with a shield superimposed on its chest above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; design is based on the Arab Liberation flag and similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars, Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band, and Yemen, which has a plain white band

El Salvador three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band

Equatorial Guinea three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)

Eritrea red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the red triangle

Estonia pre-1940 flag restored by Supreme Soviet in May 1990 - three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white

Ethiopia three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors

Europa Island the flag of France is used

European Union on a blue field, 12 five-pointed gold stars arranged in a circle, representing the union of the peoples of Europe; the number of stars is fixed

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT

Faroe Islands white with a red cross outlined in blue extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted toward the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

Fiji light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George featuring stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree, bananas, and a white dove

Finland white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

France three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red; known as the "Le drapeau tricolore" (French Tricolor), the origin of the flag dates to 1790 and the French Revolution; the design and/or colors are similar to a number of other flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Cote d'Ivoire, Luxembourg, and Netherlands; the official flag for all French dependent areas

French Guiana the flag of France is used

French Polynesia two narrow red horizontal bands encase a wide white band; centered on the white band is a disk with blue and white wave pattern on the lower half and gold and white ray pattern on the upper half; a stylized red, blue and white ship rides on the wave pattern; the French flag is used for official occasions

French Southern and Antarctic Lands the flag of France is used

Gabon three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue

Gambia, The three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green

Georgia white rectangle, in its central portion a red cross connecting all four sides of the flag; in each of the four corners is a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross; the five-cross flag appears to date back to the 14th century

Germany three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and gold

Ghana three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band

Gibraltar two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band

Glorioso Islands the flag of France is used

Greece nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the country

Greenland two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white

Grenada a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side), with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow, five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars represent the seven administrative divisions

Guadeloupe the flag of France is used

Guam territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beach scene, outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; US flag is the national flag

Guatemala three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed swords and framed by a wreath

Guernsey white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) extending to the edges of the flag and a yellow equal-armed cross of William the Conqueror superimposed on the Saint George cross

Guinea three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Guinea-Bissau two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Guyana green, with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long, yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow, black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow, white border between the yellow and the green

Haiti two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)

Heard Island and McDonald Islands the flag of Australia is used

Holy See (Vatican City) two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band

Honduras three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with five blue, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band

Hong Kong red with a stylized, white, five-petal bauhinia flower in the center

Howland Island the flag of the US is used

Hungary three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green

Iceland blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

India three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange) (top), white, and green with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Niger, which has a small orange disk centered in the white band

Indonesia two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red

Iran three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red; the national emblem (a stylized representation of the word Allah in the shape of a tulip, a symbol of martyrdom) in red is centered in the white band; ALLAH AKBAR (God is Great) in white Arabic script is repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band and 11 times along the top edge of the red band

Iraq three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with three green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; the phrase ALLAHU AKBAR (God is Great) in green Arabic script - Allahu to the right of the middle star and Akbar to the left of the middle star - was added in January 1991 during the Persian Gulf crisis; similar to the flag of Syria, which has two stars but no script, Yemen, which has a plain white band, and that of Egypt which has a gold Eagle of Saladin centered in the white band; design is based upon the Arab Liberation colors

Ireland three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and orange; similar to the flag of Cote d'Ivoire, which is shorter and has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter and has colors of green (hoist side), white, and red

Israel white with a blue hexagram (six-pointed linear star) known as the Magen David (Shield of David) centered between two equal horizontal blue bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag

Italy three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and is green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of the Cote d'Ivoire, which has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green note: inspired by the French flag brought to Italy by Napoleon in 1797

Jamaica diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side)

Jan Mayen the flag of Norway is used

Japan white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center

Jarvis Island the flag of the US is used

Jersey white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of the flag; in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red shield with the three lions of England in yellow

Johnston Atoll the flag of the US is used

Jordan three equal horizontal bands of black (top), representing the Abbassid Caliphate, white, representing the Ummayyad Caliphate, and green, representing the Fatimid Caliphate; a red isosceles triangle on the hoist side, representing the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and bearing a small white seven-pointed star symbolizing the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Holy Koran; the seven points on the star represent faith in One God, humanity, national spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations; design is based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I

Juan de Nova Island the flag of France is used

Kazakhstan sky blue background representing the endless sky and a gold sun with 32 rays soaring above a golden steppe eagle in the center; on the hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in gold

Kenya three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center

Kingman Reef the flag of the US is used

Kiribati the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean

Korea, North three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star

Korea, South white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) in each corner of the white field

Kuwait three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a black trapezoid based on the hoist side; design, which dates to 1961, based on the Arab revolt flag of World War I

Kyrgyzstan red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the traditional Kyrgyz yurt

Laos three horizontal bands of red (top), blue (double width), and red with a large white disk centered in the blue band

Latvia three horizontal bands of maroon (top), white (half-width), and maroon

Lebanon three horizontal bands consisting of red (top), white (middle, double width), and red (bottom) with a green cedar tree centered in the white band

Lesotho divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper half is white, bearing the brown silhouette of a large shield with crossed spear and club; the lower half is a diagonal blue band with a green triangle in the corner

Liberia 11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the US flag

Libya plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)

Liechtenstein two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band

Lithuania three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red

Luxembourg three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France

Macau light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller

Macedonia a yellow sun with eight broadening rays extending to the edges of the red field

Madagascar two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side

Malawi three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band

Malaysia 14 equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow 14-pointed star; the crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design was based on the flag of the US

Maldives red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag

Mali three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Malta two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross, edged in red

Man, Isle of red with the Three Legs of Man emblem (Trinacria), in the center; the three legs are joined at the thigh and bent at the knee; in order to have the toes pointing clockwise on both sides of the flag, a two-sided emblem is used

Marshall Islands blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes

Martinique a light blue background is divided into four quadrants by a white cross; in the center of each rectangle is a white snake; the flag of France is used for official occasions

Mauritania green with a yellow five-pointed star above a yellow, horizontal crescent; the closed side of the crescent is down; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Mauritius four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green

Mayotte the flag of France is used

Mexico three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; the coat of arms (an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in its beak) is centered in the white band

Micronesia, Federated States of light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern

Midway Islands the flag of the US is used

Moldova same color scheme as Romania - three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized ox head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow

Monaco two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red

Mongolia three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol)

Montserrat blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross

Morocco red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Sulayman's (Solomon's) seal in the center of the flag; red and green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian gulf; design dates to 1912

Mozambique three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book

Namibia a large blue triangle with a yellow sunburst fills the upper left section and an equal green triangle (solid) fills the lower right section; the triangles are separated by a red stripe that is contrasted by two narrow white-edge borders

Nauru blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru

Navassa Island the flag of the US is used

Nepal red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle bears a white 12-pointed sun

Netherlands three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue; similar to the flag of Luxembourg, which uses a lighter blue and is longer; one of the oldest flags in constant use, originating with WILLIAM I, Prince of Orange, in the latter half of the 16th century

Netherlands Antilles white, with a horizontal blue stripe in the center superimposed on a vertical red band, also centered; five white, five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the center of the blue band; the five stars represent the five main islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten

New Caledonia the flag of France is used

New Zealand blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation

Nicaragua three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band

Niger three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band

Nigeria three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green

Niue yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross

Norfolk Island three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band

Northern Mariana Islands blue, with a white, five-pointed star superimposed on the gray silhouette of a latte stone (a traditional foundation stone used in building) in the center, surrounded by a wreath

Norway red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

Oman three horizontal bands of white, red, and green of equal width with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the vertical band

Pakistan green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Palau light blue with a large yellow disk (representing the moon) shifted slightly to the hoist side

Palmyra Atoll the flag of the US is used

Panama divided into four, equal rectangles; the top quadrants are white (hoist side) with a blue five-pointed star in the center and plain red; the bottom quadrants are plain blue (hoist side) and white with a red five-pointed star in the center

Papua New Guinea divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered

Paraguay three equal, horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue with an emblem centered in the white band; unusual flag in that the emblem is different on each side; the obverse (hoist side at the left) bears the national coat of arms (a yellow five-pointed star within a green wreath capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles); the reverse (hoist side at the right) bears the seal of the treasury (a yellow lion below a red Cap of Liberty and the words Paz y Justicia (Peace and Justice) capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles)

Peru three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath

Philippines two equal horizontal bands of blue (top; representing peace and justice) and red (representing courage); a white equilateral triangle based on the hoist side represents equality; the center of the triangle displays a yellow sun with eight primary rays, each representing one of the first eight provinces that sought independence from Spain; each corner of the triangle contains a small, yellow, five-pointed star representing the three major geographical divisions of the country: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao; the design of the flag dates to 1897; in wartime the flag is flown upside down with the red band at the top

Pitcairn Islands blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Pitcairn Islander coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms is yellow, green, and light blue with a shield featuring a yellow anchor

Poland two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; similar to the flags of Indonesia and Monaco which are red (top) and white

Portugal two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line

Puerto Rico five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bears a large, white, five-pointed star in the center; design initially influenced by the US flag, but similar to the Cuban flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed

Qatar maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side

Reunion the flag of France is used

Romania three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flag of Chad, also resembles the flags of Andorra and Moldova

Russia three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red

Rwanda three horizontal bands of sky blue (top, double width), yellow, and green, with a golden sun with 24 rays near the fly end of the blue band

Saint Helena blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship

Saint Kitts and Nevis divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a broad black band bearing two white, five-pointed stars; the black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the lower triangle is red

Saint Lucia blue, with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border

Saint Pierre and Miquelon a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a V pattern

Samoa red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation

San Marino two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

Sao Tome and Principe three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Saudi Arabia green, a traditional color in Islamic flags, with the Shahada or Muslim creed in large white Arabic script (translated as "There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God") above a white horizontal saber (the tip points to the hoist side); design dates to the early twentieth century and is closely associated with the Al Saud family which established the kingdom in 1932

Senegal three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Serbia and Montenegro three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and red

Seychelles five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side

Sierra Leone three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue

Singapore two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle

Slovakia three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red superimposed with the Slovak cross in a shield centered on the hoist side; the cross is white centered on a background of red and blue

Slovenia three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries); the seal is located in the upper hoist side of the flag centered in the white and blue bands

Solomon Islands divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green

Somalia light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the center; blue field influenced by the flag of the UN

South Africa two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central green band which splits into a horizontal Y, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side; the Y embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes