Burundi party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Cambodia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Cameroon party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Canada party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Marine Life Conservation

Cape Verde party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Central African Republic party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Chad party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

Chile party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

China party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Colombia party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Comoros party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Congo, Democratic Republic of the party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Congo, Republic of the party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Cook Islands party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Costa Rica party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Cote d'Ivoire party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Croatia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Cuba party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Cyprus party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Czech Republic party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Denmark party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Djibouti party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Dominica party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Dominican Republic party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

East Timor NA

Ecuador party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Egypt party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

El Salvador party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Equatorial Guinea party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Eritrea party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Estonia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Ethiopia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea

European Union party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 82, Tropical Timber 94 signed but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

Fiji party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Finland party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

France party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Gabon party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Gambia, The party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Georgia party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Germany party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Ghana party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Greece party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

Grenada party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Guatemala party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Guinea party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Guinea-Bissau party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Guyana party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Haiti party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes

Holy See (Vatican City) party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification

Honduras party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Hong Kong party to: Marine Dumping (associate member)

Hungary party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94

Iceland party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Transboundary Air Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

India party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Indonesia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Iran party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation

Iraq party to: Law of the Sea signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Ireland party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Marine Life Conservation

Israel party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Italy party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Jamaica party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Japan party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

Jordan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Kazakhstan party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Kenya party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Kiribati party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Korea, North party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Korea, South party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Kuwait party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping

Kyrgyzstan party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Laos party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Latvia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Lebanon party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation

Lesotho party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Liberia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation

Libya party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Liechtenstein party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Lithuania party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Luxembourg party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Macedonia party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Madagascar party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Malawi party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Malaysia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

Maldives party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Mali party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Malta party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Marshall Islands party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Mauritania party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Mauritius party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Mexico party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Micronesia, Federated States of party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Moldova party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Monaco party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Mongolia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Morocco party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea

Mozambique party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Namibia party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Nauru party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Nepal party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Netherlands party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

New Zealand party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation

Nicaragua party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Niger party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Nigeria party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Niue party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Norway party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Oman party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Pakistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Palau party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Panama party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Papua New Guinea party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Paraguay party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Peru party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Philippines party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Poland party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94

Portugal party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification

Qatar party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Romania party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Russia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulfur 94

Rwanda party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Saint Kitts and Nevis party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Saint Lucia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Samoa party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

San Marino party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution

Sao Tome and Principe party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Saudi Arabia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Senegal party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

Serbia and Montenegro party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Seychelles party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Sierra Leone party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Singapore party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Slovakia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Slovenia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Solomon Islands party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Somalia party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

South Africa party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Southern Ocean the Southern Ocean is subject to all international agreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subject to these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: International Whaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degrees south [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degrees west]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limits sealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (regulates fishing) note: many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence) which is in the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the very cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the north

Spain party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

Sri Lanka party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Sudan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Suriname party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Swaziland party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Sweden party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Switzerland party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Syria party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Taiwan party to: none of the selected agreements because of Taiwan's international status signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements because of Taiwan's international status

Tajikistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Tanzania party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Thailand party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Togo party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Tonga party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Trinidad and Tobago party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Tunisia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Turkey party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Turkmenistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Tuvalu party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Uganda party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Ukraine party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds

United Arab Emirates party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

United Kingdom party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

United States party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes

Uruguay party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation

Uzbekistan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Vanuatu party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Venezuela party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed but not ratified:: none of the selected agreements

Vietnam party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Western Sahara party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Yemen party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Zambia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Zimbabwe party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005



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@2034 Military expenditures - percent of GDP (%)

Afghanistan 2.6% (2004)

Albania 1.49% (FY02)

Algeria 3.2% (2004)

Angola 10.6% (2004)

Antigua and Barbuda NA

Argentina 1.3% (FY00)

Armenia 6.5% (FY01)

Australia 2.7% (2004)

Austria 0.9% (2004)

Azerbaijan 2.6% (FY99)

Bahamas, The NA

Bahrain 6.3% (2004)

Bangladesh 1.8% (2004)

Barbados NA

Belarus 1.4% (FY02)

Belgium 1.3% (2003)

Belize 2% (2003)

Benin 2.4% (2004)

Bermuda 0.11% (FY00/01)

Bhutan 1.8% (2004)

Bolivia 1.6% (2004)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 4.5% (FY02)

Botswana 3.9% (2004)

Brazil 1.8% (2004)

Brunei 5.1% (2004)

Bulgaria 2.6% (2003)

Burkina Faso 1.3% (2004)

Burma 2.1% (FY97)

Burundi 6% (2004)

Cambodia 3% (FY01 est.)

Cameroon 1.6% (2004)

Canada 1.1% (2003)

Cape Verde 1.5% (2004)

Central African Republic 1% (2004)

Chad 2.1% (2004)

Chile 3.8% (2004)

China 4.3% (2004)

Colombia 3.4% (FY01)

Comoros 3% (2004)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1.5% (2004)

Congo, Republic of the 2.8% (2004)

Costa Rica 0.4% (2003)

Cote d'Ivoire 1.2% (2004)

Croatia 2.39% (2002 est.)

Cuba 1.8% (2003)

Cyprus 3.8% (FY02)

Czech Republic 2.02% (2004)

Denmark 1.5% (2004)

Djibouti 4.4% (2004)

Dominica NA

Dominican Republic 1.1% (1998)

East Timor NA

Ecuador 2.2% (2004)

Egypt 3.4% (2004)

El Salvador 1.1% (2003)

Equatorial Guinea 2.5% (2004)

Eritrea 13.4% (2004)

Estonia 2% (2002 est.)

Ethiopia 4.6% (2004)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA

Faroe Islands NA

Fiji 2.2% (FY02)

Finland 2% (FY98/99)

France 2.6% (2003)

French Guiana NA

Gabon 2% (2004)

Gambia, The 0.3% (2004)

Gaza Strip NA

Georgia 0.59% (FY00)

Germany 1.5% (2003)

Ghana 0.6% (2004)

Greece 4.3% (2003)

Grenada NA

Guatemala 0.8% (2003)

Guinea 1.7% (2004)

Guinea-Bissau 3.1% (2004)

Guyana 0.9% (2004)

Haiti 0.9% (2003)

Honduras 1.4% (2004)

Hong Kong NA

Hungary 1.75% (2002 est.)

India 2.93% (2005/06)

Indonesia 3% (2004)

Iran 3.3% (2003 est.)

Iraq NA

Ireland 0.9% (FY00/01)

Israel 8.7% (FY02)

Italy 1.8% (2004)

Jamaica 0.4% (2003)

Japan 1% (2004)

Jordan 14.6% (2004)

Kazakhstan 0.9% (Ministry of Defense expenditures) (FY02)

Kenya 1.3% (2004)

Kiribati NA

Korea, North NA

Korea, South 2.8% (2004)

Kuwait 5.3% (2004)

Kyrgyzstan 1.4% (FY01)

Laos 0.5% (2004)

Latvia 1.2% (FY01)

Lebanon 3.1% (FY99) (2004)

Lesotho 2.3% (2004)

Liberia 0.2% (2004)

Libya 3.9% (FY99)

Lithuania 1.9% (FY01)

Luxembourg 0.9% (2003)

Macedonia 6% (FY01/02 est.)

Madagascar 1.2% (2004)

Malawi 0.7% (2004)

Malaysia 2.03% (FY00)

Maldives 5.5% (2004)

Mali 0.4% (2004)

Malta 0.7% (2004)

Marshall Islands NA

Mauritania 1.7% (2004)

Mauritius 0.2% (2004)

Mexico 0.9% (2004)

Moldova 0.4% (FY02)

Mongolia 2.2% (FY02)

Morocco 5% (2004)

Mozambique 2.2% (2004)

Namibia 3.1% (2004)

Nauru NA

Nepal 1.5% (2004)

Netherlands 1.6% (2004)

New Caledonia NA

New Zealand 1% (FY02)

Nicaragua 0.7% (2004)

Niger 1.1% (2004)

Nigeria 0.8% (2004)

Norway 1.9% (2003)

Oman 11.4% (2003)

Pakistan 4.9% (2004)

Palau NA

Panama 1.1% (2004)

Papua New Guinea 1.4% (FY02)

Paraguay 0.9% (2003)

Peru 1.4% (2004)

Philippines 1% (2004)

Poland 1.71% (2002)

Portugal 2.3% (2003)

Qatar 10% (FY00)

Romania 2.47% (2002)

Russia NA

Rwanda 3.2% (2004)

Saint Kitts and Nevis NA

Saint Lucia NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines NA

Samoa NA

San Marino NA

Sao Tome and Principe 0.8% (2004)

Saudi Arabia 10% (2002)

Senegal 1.5% (2004)

Serbia and Montenegro NA

Seychelles 1.8% (2004)

Sierra Leone 1.7% (2004)

Singapore 4.9% (FY01)

Slovakia 1.89% (2002)

Slovenia 1.7% (FY00)

Solomon Islands NA

Somalia 0.9% (2003)

South Africa 1.5% (2004)

Spain 1.2% (2003)

Sri Lanka 2.6% (2004)

Sudan 3% (1999) (2004)

Suriname 0.7% (2003)

Swaziland 1.4% (2004)

Sweden 1.7% (2004)

Switzerland 1% (FY01)

Syria 5.9% (FY00)

Taiwan 2.6% (2004)

Tajikistan 3.9% (FY01)

Tanzania 0.2% (2004)

Thailand 1.8% (2003)

Togo 1.9% (2004)

Tonga NA

Trinidad and Tobago 0.6% (2003)

Tunisia 1.5% (FY99)

Turkey 5.3% (2003)

Turkmenistan 3.4% (FY99)

Tuvalu NA

Uganda 2.2% (2004)

Ukraine 1.4% (FY02)

United Arab Emirates 3.1% (FY00)

United Kingdom 2.4% (2003)

United States 3.3% (FY03 est.) (February 2004)

Uruguay 2% (2004)

Uzbekistan 2% (FY97)

Vanuatu NA

Venezuela 1.5% (2004)

Vietnam 2.5% (FY98)

West Bank NA

World roughly 2% of gross world product (1999 est.)

Yemen 7.8% (2003)

Zambia 1.8% (2004)

Zimbabwe 4.3% (2004)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005



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@2038 Electricity - production (kWh)

Afghanistan 540 million kWh (2002)

Albania 5.68 billion kWh (2004)

Algeria 25.76 billion kWh (2002)

American Samoa 130 million kWh (2002)

Andorra NA kWh

Angola 1.707 billion kWh (2002)

Anguilla NA

Antigua and Barbuda 110.8 million kWh (2002)

Argentina 81.39 billion kWh (2002)

Armenia 6.492 billion kWh (2002)

Aruba 807.7 million kWh (2002)

Australia 210.3 billion kWh (2002)

Austria 58.49 billion kWh (2002)

Azerbaijan 17.55 billion kWh (2002)

Bahamas, The 1.716 billion kWh (2002)

Bahrain 6.86 billion kWh (2002)

Bangladesh 16.45 billion kWh (2002)

Barbados 800 million kWh (2002)

Belarus 30 billion kWh (2004)

Belgium 76.58 billion kWh (2002)

Belize 117 million kWh (2002)

Benin 285.2 million kWh (2002)

Bermuda 643 million kWh (2002)

Bhutan 2.001 billion kWh (2002)

Bolivia 4.132 billion kWh (2002)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 10.04 billion kWh (2002)

Botswana 930 million kWh (2002)

Brazil 339 billion kWh (2002)

British Indian Ocean Territory NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military

British Virgin Islands 36.28 million kWh (2002)

Brunei 2.458 billion kWh (2002)

Bulgaria 43.07 billion kWh (2002)

Burkina Faso 361 million kWh (2002)

Burma 5.068 billion kWh (2003)

Burundi 132 million kWh (2002)

Cambodia 122 million kWh (2003)

Cameroon 3.571 billion kWh (2002)

Canada 548.9 billion kWh (2002)

Cape Verde 43.08 million kWh (2002)

Cayman Islands 410.8 million kWh (2002)

Central African Republic 106 million kWh (2002)

Chad 96.13 million kWh (2002)

Chile 48.6 billion kWh (2004)

China 1.91 trillion kWh (2003)

Colombia 44.87 billion kWh (2002)

Comoros 23.84 million kWh (2002)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6.086 billion kWh (2002)

Congo, Republic of the 348 million kWh (2002)

Cook Islands 27 million kWh (2002)

Costa Rica 6.614 billion kWh (2002)

Cote d'Ivoire 4.759 billion kWh (2002)

Croatia 12.51 billion kWh (2002)

Cuba 14.41 billion kWh (2002)

Cyprus 4 billion kWh; north Cyprus: NA kWh (2003)

Czech Republic 71.75 billion kWh (2002)

Denmark 36.38 billion kWh (2002)

Djibouti 180 million kWh (2002)

Dominica 68.41 million kWh (2002)

Dominican Republic 9.583 billion kWh (2002)

East Timor NA kWh (2002)

Ecuador 11.54 billion kWh (2002)

Egypt 81.27 billion kWh (2002)

El Salvador 4.158 billion kWh (2004)

Equatorial Guinea 26.69 million kWh (2002)

Eritrea 246.6 million kWh (2002)

Estonia 8.301 billion kWh (2002)

Ethiopia 2.149 billion kWh (2002)

European Union 2.888 trillion kWh (2002 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 19.06 million kWh (2002)

Faroe Islands 220 million kWh (2002)

Fiji 750 million kWh (2002)

Finland 71.59 billion kWh (2002)

France 528.6 billion kWh (2002)

French Guiana 460.1 million kWh (2002)

French Polynesia 380 million kWh (2002)

Gabon 1.161 billion kWh (2002)

Gambia, The 90.31 million kWh (2002)

Gaza Strip NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Israel

Georgia 6.732 billion kWh (2002)

Germany 560 billion kWh (2003)

Ghana 6.922 billion kWh (2002)

Gibraltar 104 million kWh (2002)

Greece 47.22 billion kWh (2002)

Greenland 245 million kWh (2002)

Grenada 149 million kWh (2002)

Guadeloupe 1.16 billion kWh (2002)

Guam 835 million kWh (2002)

Guatemala 6.608 billion kWh (2002)

Guernsey NA kWh

Guinea 855 million kWh (2002)

Guinea-Bissau 55 million kWh (2002)

Guyana 808 million kWh (2002)

Haiti 618 million kWh (2002)

Holy See (Vatican City) NA kWh

Honduras 3.626 billion kWh (2002)

Hong Kong 35.51 billion kWh (2003)

Hungary 34.07 billion kWh (2002)

Iceland 8.271 billion kWh (2002)

India 547.2 billion kWh (2002)

Indonesia 110.2 billion kWh (2003)

Iran 129 billion kWh (2002)

Iraq 32.6 billion kWh (2004)

Ireland 22.88 billion kWh (2002)

Israel 42.67 billion kWh (2002)

Italy 261.6 billion kWh (2002)

Jamaica 6.289 billion kWh (2002)

Japan 1.044 trillion kWh (2002)

Jordan 7.307 billion kWh (2002)

Kazakhstan 66.82 billion kWh (2003)

Kenya 4.475 billion kWh (2002)

Kiribati 7 million kWh (2002)

Korea, North 33.62 billion kWh (2002)

Korea, South 322.5 billion kWh (2003)

Kuwait 32.43 billion kWh (2002)

Kyrgyzstan 11.72 billion kWh (2002)

Laos 3.56 billion kWh (2002)

Latvia 4.547 billion kWh (2002)

Lebanon 8.066 billion kWh (2002)

Lesotho 314 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2002)

Liberia 488.8 million kWh (2002)

Libya 20.89 billion kWh (2002)

Lithuania 17.93 billion kWh (2002)

Luxembourg 2.511 billion kWh (2002)

Macau 1.719 billion kWh (2003)

Macedonia 6.273 billion kWh (2003)

Madagascar 840.2 million kWh (2002)

Malawi 1.088 billion kWh (2002)

Malaysia 75.33 billion kWh (2002)

Maldives 124.4 million kWh (2002)

Mali 700 million kWh (2002)

Malta 2.15 billion kWh (2002)

Martinique 1.178 billion kWh (2002)

Mauritania 190.2 million kWh (2002)

Mauritius 1.836 billion kWh (2002)

Mayotte NA kWh

Mexico 203.6 billion kWh (2002)

Micronesia, Federated States of 192 million kWh (2002)

Moldova 3.876 billion kWh (2002)

Mongolia 2.692 billion kWh (2004 est.)

Montserrat 1.8 million kWh (2002)

Morocco 13.91 billion kWh (2002)

Mozambique 8.859 billion kWh (2002)

Namibia 1.167 billion kWh (2002)

Nauru 30 million kWh (2002)

Nepal 2.054 billion kWh (2002)

Netherlands 90.61 billion kWh (2002)

Netherlands Antilles 1.005 billion kWh (2002)

New Caledonia 1.581 billion kWh (2002)

New Zealand 38.39 billion kWh (2002)

Nicaragua 2.553 billion kWh (2002)

Niger 266.2 million kWh (2002)

Nigeria 19.85 billion kWh (2002)

Niue 3 million kWh (2002)

Norfolk Island NA kWh

Northern Mariana Islands NA kWh

Norway 125.9 billion kWh (2002)

Oman 9.896 billion kWh (2003)

Pakistan 75.27 billion kWh (2003)

Panama 4.873 billion kWh (2002)

Papua New Guinea 1.679 billion kWh (2002)

Paraguay 48.36 billion kWh (2002)

Peru 22.88 billion kWh (2004 est.)

Philippines 52.86 billion kWh (2003)

Pitcairn Islands NA kWh; note - electric power is provided by a small diesel-powered generator

Poland 133.8 billion kWh (2002)

Portugal 43.28 billion kWh (2002)

Puerto Rico 22.09 billion kWh (2002)

Qatar 9.727 billion kWh (2002)

Reunion 1.166 billion kWh (2002)

Romania 56.53 billion kWh (2003)

Russia 915 billion kWh (2003)

Rwanda 166.7 million kWh (2002)

Saint Helena 5 million kWh (2002)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 105.8 million kWh (2002)

Saint Lucia 270.3 million kWh (2002)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 43.08 million kWh (2002)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 91.2 million kWh (2002)

Samoa 122 million kWh (2002)

Sao Tome and Principe 17 million kWh (2002)

Saudi Arabia 138.2 billion kWh (2002)

Senegal 1.737 billion kWh (2002)

Serbia and Montenegro 31.64 billion kWh (2002)

Seychelles 218 million kWh (2002)

Sierra Leone 255.3 million kWh (2002)

Singapore 35.33 billion kWh (2003)

Slovakia 31.15 billion kWh (2003)

Slovenia 12.49 billion kWh (2003)

Solomon Islands 32 million kWh (2002)

Somalia 240.3 million kWh (2002)

South Africa 202.6 billion kWh (2002)

Spain 229 billion kWh (2002)

Sri Lanka 6.697 billion kWh (2002)

Sudan 2.581 billion kWh (2002)

Suriname 1.984 billion kWh (2002)

Swaziland 402 million kWh (2002)

Sweden 142.8 billion kWh (2002)

Switzerland 63.47 billion kWh (2002)

Syria 26.15 billion kWh (2002)

Taiwan 158.5 billion kWh (2002)

Tajikistan 15.08 billion kWh (2002)

Tanzania 2.727 billion kWh (2002)

Thailand 118.9 billion kWh (2003)

Togo 108.8 million kWh (2002)

Tokelau NA kWh

Tonga 24.79 million kWh (2002)

Trinidad and Tobago 5.743 billion kWh (2002)

Tunisia 10.72 billion kWh (2002)

Turkey 139.7 billion kWh (2003)

Turkmenistan 11.41 billion kWh (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands 5 million kWh (2002)

Uganda 1.775 billion kWh (2002)

Ukraine 180 billion kWh (2003)

United Arab Emirates 45.12 billion kWh (2004)

United Kingdom 395.9 billion kWh (2003)

United States 3.839 trillion kWh (2002)

Uruguay 8.536 billion kWh (2003)

Uzbekistan 47.7 billion kWh (2002)

Vanuatu 48.42 million kWh (2002)

Venezuela 89.7 billion kWh (2003)

Vietnam 34.48 billion kWh (2002)

Virgin Islands 1.035 billion kWh (2002)

Wake Island NA

Wallis and Futuna NA kWh

West Bank NA kWh; note - most electricity imported from Israel; East Jerusalem Electric Company buys and distributes electricity to Palestinians in East Jerusalem and its concession in the West Bank; the Israel Electric Company directly supplies electricity to most Jewish residents and military facilities; some Palestinian municipalities, such as Nablus and Janin, generate their own electricity from small power plants

Western Sahara 90 million kWh (2002)

World 15.29 trillion kWh (2002 est.)

Yemen 3.04 billion kWh (2002 est.)

Zambia 8.167 billion kWh (2002)

Zimbabwe 8.839 billion kWh (2002)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005



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@2042 Electricity - consumption (kWh)

Afghanistan 652.2 million kWh (2002)

Albania 6.76 billion kWh (2004)

Algeria 23.61 billion kWh (2002)

American Samoa 120.9 million kWh (2002)

Andorra NA kWh

Angola 1.587 billion kWh (2002)

Anguilla 42.6 million kWh

Antigua and Barbuda 103 million kWh (2002)

Argentina 81.65 billion kWh (2002)

Armenia 5.797 billion kWh (2002)

Aruba 751.2 million kWh (2002)

Australia 195.6 billion kWh (2002)

Austria 55.09 billion kWh (2002)

Azerbaijan 17.37 billion kWh (2002)

Bahamas, The 1.596 billion kWh (2002)

Bahrain 6.379 billion kWh (2002)

Bangladesh 15.3 billion kWh (2002)

Barbados 744 million kWh (2002)

Belarus 34.3 billion kWh (2004)

Belgium 78.82 billion kWh (2002)

Belize 108.8 million kWh (2002)

Benin 565.2 million kWh (2002)

Bermuda 598 million kWh (2002)

Bhutan 312.9 million kWh (2002)

Bolivia 3.848 billion kWh (2002)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.318 billion kWh (2002)

Botswana 1.89 billion kWh (2002)

Brazil 351.9 billion kWh (2002)

British Indian Ocean Territory NA kWh

British Virgin Islands 33.74 million kWh (2002)

Brunei 2.286 billion kWh (2002)

Bulgaria 32.71 billion kWh (2002)

Burkina Faso 335.7 million kWh (2002)

Burma 3.484 billion kWh (2003)

Burundi 137.8 million kWh (2002)

Cambodia 100.6 million kWh (2002)

Cameroon 3.321 billion kWh (2002)

Canada 487.3 billion kWh (2002)

Cape Verde 40.06 million kWh (2002)

Cayman Islands 382.1 million kWh (2002)

Central African Republic 98.58 million kWh (2002)

Chad 89.4 million kWh (2002)

Chile 41.8 billion kWh (2002)

China 1.63 trillion kWh (2003)

Colombia 41.14 billion kWh (2002)

Comoros 22.17 million kWh (2002)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 4.168 billion kWh (2002)

Congo, Republic of the 573.6 million kWh (2002)

Cook Islands 25.11 million kWh (2002)

Costa Rica 5.733 billion kWh (2002)

Cote d'Ivoire 2.976 billion kWh (2002)

Croatia 15.2 billion kWh (2002)

Cuba 13.4 billion kWh (2002)

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 3.663 billion kWh (2003); north Cyprus: 602 million kWh (2003)

Czech Republic 55.33 billion kWh (2002)

Denmark 31.63 billion kWh (2002)

Djibouti 167.4 million kWh (2002)

Dominica 63.62 million kWh (2002)

Dominican Republic 8.912 billion kWh (2002)

East Timor NA kWh (2002)

Ecuador 10.79 billion kWh (2002)

Egypt 75.58 billion kWh (2002)

El Salvador 4.45 billion kWh (2004)

Equatorial Guinea 24.82 million kWh (2002)

Eritrea 229.4 million kWh (2002)

Estonia 6.358 billion kWh (2002)

Ethiopia 1.998 billion kWh (2002)

European Union 2.661 trillion kWh (2002 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 17.72 million kWh (2002)

Faroe Islands 204.6 million kWh (2002)

Fiji 697.5 million kWh (2002)

Finland 78.58 billion kWh (2002)

France 414.7 billion kWh (2002)

French Guiana 427.9 million kWh (2002)

French Polynesia 353.4 million kWh (2002)

Gabon 1.08 billion kWh (2002)

Gambia, The 83.99 million kWh (2002)

Gaza Strip NA kWh

Georgia 6.811 billion kWh (2002)

Germany 519.5 billion kWh (2003)

Ghana 6.137 billion kWh (2002)

Gibraltar 96.76 million kWh (2002)

Greece 47.42 billion kWh (2002)

Greenland 227.9 million kWh (2002)

Grenada 138.6 million kWh (2002)

Guadeloupe 1.079 billion kWh (2002)

Guam 776.6 million kWh (2002)

Guatemala 5.76 billion kWh (2002)

Guernsey NA kWh

Guinea 795.2 million kWh (2002)

Guinea-Bissau 51.15 million kWh (2002)

Guyana 751.4 million kWh (2002)

Haiti 574.7 million kWh (2002)

Holy See (Vatican City) NA kWh

Honduras 3.771 billion kWh (2002)

Hong Kong 38.45 billion kWh (2003)

Hungary 35.99 billion kWh (2002)

Iceland 7.692 billion kWh (2002)

India 510.1 billion kWh (2002)

Indonesia 92.35 billion kWh (2003)

Iran 119.9 billion kWh (2002)

Iraq 33.7 billion kWh (2004)

Ireland 21.78 billion kWh (2002)

Israel 38.3 billion kWh (2002)

Italy 293.9 billion kWh (2002)

Jamaica 5.849 billion kWh (2002)

Japan 971 billion kWh (2002)

Jersey 630.1 million kWh (2004 est.)

Jordan 7.094 billion kWh (2002)

Kazakhstan 62.21 billion kWh (203)

Kenya 4.337 billion kWh (2002)

Kiribati 6.51 million kWh (2002)

Korea, North 31.26 billion kWh (2002)

Korea, South 293.6 billion kWh (2003)

Kuwait 30.16 billion kWh (2002)

Kyrgyzstan 10.21 billion kWh (2002)

Laos 3.036 billion kWh (2002)

Latvia 5.829 billion kWh (2002)

Lebanon 8.591 billion kWh (2002)

Lesotho 308 million kWh (2002)

Liberia 454.6 million kWh (2002)

Libya 19.43 billion kWh (2002)

Lithuania 10.17 billion kWh (2002)

Luxembourg 5.735 billion kWh (2002)

Macau 1.772 billion kWh (2003)

Macedonia 7.216 billion kWh (2003)

Madagascar 781.4 million kWh (2002)

Malawi 1.012 billion kWh (2002)

Malaysia 68.4 billion kWh (2002)

Maldives 115.7 million kWh (2002)

Mali 651 million kWh (2002)

Malta 2 billion kWh (2002)

Martinique 1.095 billion kWh (2002)

Mauritania 176.9 million kWh (2002)

Mauritius 1.707 billion kWh (2002)

Mayotte NA kWh

Mexico 189.7 billion kWh (2002)

Micronesia, Federated States of 178.6 million kWh (2002)

Moldova 4.605 billion kWh (2002)

Monaco NA kWh

Mongolia 2.209 billion kWh (2004 est.)

Montserrat 1.674 million kWh (2002)

Morocco 14.24 billion kWh (2002)

Mozambique 5.046 billion kWh (2002)

Namibia 1.92 billion kWh (2002)

Nauru 27.9 million kWh (2002)

Nepal 2.005 billion kWh (2002)

Netherlands 100.7 billion kWh (2002)

Netherlands Antilles 934.3 million kWh (2002)

New Caledonia 1.471 billion kWh (2002)

New Zealand 35.71 billion kWh (2002)

Nicaragua 2.318 billion kWh (2002)

Niger 327.6 million kWh (2002)

Nigeria 18.43 billion kWh (2002)

Niue 2.79 million kWh (2002)

Norfolk Island NA kWh

Northern Mariana Islands NA kWh

Norway 107.4 billion kWh (2002)

Oman 9.792 billion kWh (2003)

Pakistan 52.66 billion kWh (2003)

Panama 4.473 billion kWh (2002)

Papua New Guinea 1.561 billion kWh (2002)

Paraguay 2.469 billion kWh (2002)

Peru 20.22 billion kWh (2002)

Philippines 46.05 billion kWh (2003)

Pitcairn Islands NA kWh

Poland 117.4 billion kWh (2002)

Portugal 42.15 billion kWh (2002)

Puerto Rico 20.54 billion kWh (2002)

Qatar 9.046 billion kWh (2002)

Reunion 1.084 billion kWh (2002)

Romania 57.5 billion kWh (2003)

Russia 894.3 billion kWh (2003)

Rwanda 195 million kWh (2002)

Saint Helena 4.65 million kWh (2002)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 98.44 million kWh (2002)

Saint Lucia 251.3 million kWh (2002)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 40.06 million kWh (2002)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 84.82 million kWh (2002)

Samoa 113.5 million kWh (2002)

Sao Tome and Principe 15.81 million kWh (2002)

Saudi Arabia 128.5 billion kWh (2002)

Senegal 1.615 billion kWh (2002)

Serbia and Montenegro 32.33 billion kWh (2002)

Seychelles 202.8 million kWh (2002)

Sierra Leone 237.4 million kWh (2002)

Singapore 32 billion kWh (2003)

Slovakia 28.89 billion kWh (2003)

Slovenia 11.8 billion kWh (2003)

Solomon Islands 29.76 million kWh (2002)

Somalia 223.5 million kWh (2002)

South Africa 189.4 billion kWh (2002)

Spain 218.4 billion kWh (2002)

Sri Lanka 6.228 billion kWh (2002)

Sudan 2.4 billion kWh (2002)

Suriname 1.845 billion kWh (2002)

Swaziland 1.173 billion kWh (2002)

Sweden 138.1 billion kWh (2002)

Switzerland 54.53 billion kWh (2002)

Syria 24.32 billion kWh (2002)

Taiwan 147.4 billion kWh (2002)

Tajikistan 14.41 billion kWh (2002)

Tanzania 2.566 billion kWh (2002)

Thailand 106.1 billion kWh (2003)

Togo 451.2 million kWh (2002)

Tokelau NA kWh

Tonga 23.06 million kWh (2002)

Trinidad and Tobago 5.341 billion kWh (2002)

Tunisia 10.05 billion kWh (2002)

Turkey 117.9 billion kWh (2002)

Turkmenistan 8.908 billion kWh (2002)

Turks and Caicos Islands 4.65 million kWh (2002)

Uganda 1.401 billion kWh (2002)

Ukraine 132 billion kWh (2003)

United Arab Emirates 36.51 billion kWh (2002)

United Kingdom 337.4 billion kWh (2003)

United States 3.66 trillion kWh (2002)

Uruguay 5.878 billion kWh (2003)

Uzbekistan 46.66 billion kWh (2002)

Vanuatu 45.03 million kWh (2002)

Venezuela 89.3 billion kWh (2003)

Vietnam 32.06 billion kWh (2002)

Virgin Islands 962.6 million kWh (2002)

Wallis and Futuna NA kWh

West Bank NA kWh

Western Sahara 83.7 million kWh (2002)

World 14.28 trillion kWh (2002 est.)

Yemen 2.827 billion kWh (2002 est.)

Zambia 5.345 billion kWh (2002)

Zimbabwe 11.22 billion kWh (2002)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005



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@2043 Electricity - imports (kWh)

Afghanistan 150 million kWh (2002)

Albania 1.08 billion kWh (2004 est.)

Algeria 150 million kWh (2002)

American Samoa 0 kWh (2002)

Andorra NA kWh; note - most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower

Angola 0 kWh (2002)

Antigua and Barbuda 0 kWh (2002)

Argentina 8.775 billion kWh (2002)

Armenia 463 million kWh; note - imports an unknown quantity from Iran (2002)

Aruba 0 kWh (2002)

Australia 0 kWh (2002)

Austria 15.4 billion kWh (2002)

Azerbaijan 1.558 billion kWh (2002)

Bahamas, The 0 kWh (2002)

Bahrain 0 kWh (2002)

Bangladesh 0 kWh (2002)

Barbados 0 kWh (2002)

Belarus 3.2 billion kWh (2003)

Belgium 16.7 billion kWh (2002)

Belize 0 kWh (2002)

Benin 300 million kWh (2002)

Bermuda 0 kWh (2002)

Bhutan 12 million kWh (2002)

Bolivia 9 million kWh (2002)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.271 billion kWh (2002)

Botswana 1.025 billion kWh (2002)

Brazil 36.58 billion kWh; note - supplied by Paraguay (2002)

British Virgin Islands 0 kWh (2002)

Brunei 0 kWh (2002)

Bulgaria 960 million kWh (2002)

Burkina Faso 0 kWh (2002)

Burma 0 kWh (2004)

Burundi 15 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2002)

Cambodia 0 kWh (2002)

Cameroon 0 kWh (2002)

Canada 13 billion kWh (2002)

Cape Verde 0 kWh (2002)

Cayman Islands 0 kWh (2002)

Central African Republic 0 kWh (2002)

Chad 0 kWh (2002)

Chile 1.813 billion kWh (2002)

China 2.3 billion kWh (2002)

Colombia 23 million kWh (2002)

Comoros 0 kWh (2002)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 8 million kWh (2002)

Congo, Republic of the 250 million kWh (2002)

Cook Islands 0 kWh (2002)

Costa Rica 59 million kWh (2002)

Cote d'Ivoire 0 kWh (2002)

Croatia 3.966 billion kWh (2002)

Cuba 0 kWh (2002)

Cyprus 0 kWh (2002)

Czech Republic 9.5 billion kWh (2002)

Denmark 8.9 billion kWh (2002)

Djibouti 0 kWh (2002)

Dominica 0 kWh (2002)

Dominican Republic 0 kWh (2002)

East Timor 0 kWh (2002)

Ecuador 57 million kWh (2002)

Egypt 0 kWh (2002)

El Salvador 473 million kWh (2004)

Equatorial Guinea 0 kWh (2002)

Eritrea 0 kWh (2002)

Estonia 200 million kWh (2002)

Ethiopia 0 kWh (2002)

European Union 268.5 billion kWh (2002 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 kWh (2002)

Faroe Islands 0 kWh (2002)

Fiji 0 kWh (2002)

Finland 13.5 billion kWh (2002)

France 3 billion kWh (2002)

French Guiana 0 kWh (2002)

French Polynesia 0 kWh (2002)

Gabon 0 kWh (2002)

Gambia, The 0 kWh (2002)

Gaza Strip NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Israel (2001)

Georgia 850 million kWh (2002)

Germany 45.8 billion kWh (2003)

Ghana 200 million kWh (2002)

Gibraltar 0 kWh (2002)

Greece 4.6 billion kWh (2002)

Greenland 0 kWh (2002)

Grenada 0 kWh (2002)

Guadeloupe 0 kWh (2002)

Guam 0 kWh (2002)

Guatemala 55 million kWh (2002)

Guernsey 0 kWh (2002)

Guinea 0 kWh (2002)

Guinea-Bissau 0 kWh (2002)

Guyana 0 kWh (2002)

Haiti 0 kWh (2002)

Holy See (Vatican City) NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy

Honduras 415 million kWh (2002)

Hong Kong 10.4 billion kWh (2003)

Hungary 12.6 billion kWh (2002)

Iceland 0 kWh (2002)

India 1.54 billion kWh (2002)

Indonesia 0 kWh (2002)

Iran 0 kWh (2002)

Iraq 1.1 billion kWh (2004)

Ireland 600 million kWh (2002)

Israel 0 kWh (2002)

Italy 51.5 billion kWh (2002)

Jamaica 0 kWh (2002)

Japan 0 kWh (2002)

Jersey NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France

Jordan 300 million kWh (2002)

Kazakhstan 2.506 billion kWh (2003)

Kenya 175 million kWh (2002)

Kiribati 0 kWh (2002)

Korea, North 0 kWh (2002)

Korea, South 0 kWh (2003)

Kuwait 0 kWh (2002)

Kyrgyzstan 375 million kWh (2002)

Laos 125 million kWh (2002)

Latvia 2.7 billion kWh (2002)

Lebanon 1.09 billion kWh (2002)

Lesotho 16 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2002)

Liberia 0 kWh (2002)

Libya 0 kWh (2002)

Lithuania 300 million kWh (2002)

Luxembourg 6.3 billion kWh (2002)

Macau 179.7 million kWh (2003)

Macedonia 953 million kWh (2003)

Madagascar 0 kWh (2002)

Malawi 0 kWh (2002)

Malaysia 0 kWh (2002)

Maldives 0 kWh (2002)

Mali 0 kWh (2002)

Malta 0 kWh (2002)

Martinique 0 kWh (2002)

Mauritania 0 kWh (2002)

Mauritius 0 kWh (2002)

Mexico 367.7 million kWh (2002)

Micronesia, Federated States of 0 kWh (2002)

Moldova 1 billion kWh (2002)

Monaco NA kWh note: electricity supplied by France

Mongolia 130.5 million kWh (2004 est.)

Montserrat 0 kWh (2002)

Morocco 1.3 billion kWh (2002)

Mozambique 3.907 billion kWh (2002)

Namibia 900 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2002)

Nauru 0 kWh (2002)

Nepal 237 million kWh (2002)

Netherlands 20.9 billion kWh (2002)

Netherlands Antilles 0 kWh (2002)

New Caledonia 0 kWh (2002)

New Zealand 0 kWh (2002)

Nicaragua 15.3 million kWh (2002)

Niger 80 million kWh (2002)

Nigeria 0 kWh (2002)

Niue 0 kWh (2002)

Northern Mariana Islands 0 kWh

Norway 5.3 billion kWh (2002)

Oman 0 kWh (2002)

Pakistan 0 kWh (2003)

Panama 61 million kWh (2002)

Papua New Guinea 0 kWh (2002)

Paraguay 0 kWh (2002)

Peru 0 kWh (2003)

Philippines 0 kWh (2003)

Poland 4.5 billion kWh (2002)

Portugal 5.3 billion kWh (2002)

Puerto Rico 0 kWh (2002)

Qatar 0 kWh (2002)

Reunion 0 kWh (2002)

Romania 962 million kWh (2003)

Russia 12.65 billion kWh (2002)

Rwanda 40 million kWh (2002)

Saint Helena 0 kWh (2002)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 kWh (2002)

Saint Lucia 0 kWh (2002)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 kWh (2002)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 kWh (2002)

Samoa 0 kWh (2002)

Sao Tome and Principe 0 kWh (2002)

Saudi Arabia 0 kWh (2002)

Senegal 0 kWh (2002)

Serbia and Montenegro 3.3 billion kWh (2002)

Seychelles 0 kWh (2002)

Sierra Leone 0 kWh (2002)

Singapore 0 kWh (2003)

Slovakia 6 billion kWh (2003)

Slovenia 5.194 billion kWh (2002)

Solomon Islands 0 kWh (2002)

Somalia 0 kWh (2002)

South Africa 7.873 billion kWh (2002)

Spain 9.8 billion kWh (2002)

Sri Lanka 0 kWh (2002)

Sudan 0 kWh (2002)

Suriname 0 kWh (2002)

Swaziland 799 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2002)

Sweden 20.1 billion kWh (2002)

Switzerland 27.8 billion kWh (2002)

Syria 0 kWh (2002)

Taiwan 0 kWh (2002)

Tajikistan 4.359 billion kWh (2002)

Tanzania 30 million kWh (2002)

Thailand 600 million kWh (2002)

Togo 350 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2002)

Tonga 0 kWh (2002)

Trinidad and Tobago 0 kWh (2002)

Tunisia 90 million kWh (2002)

Turkey 3.6 billion kWh (2002)

Turkmenistan 0 kWh (2002)

Turks and Caicos Islands 0 kWh (2002)

Uganda 0 kWh (2002)

Ukraine 0 kWh (2002)

United Arab Emirates 0 kWh (2004)

United Kingdom 5.119 billion kWh (2003)

United States 36.23 billion kWh (2002)

Uruguay 434.2 million kWh (2003)

Uzbekistan 6.8 billion kWh (2002)

Vanuatu 0 kWh (2002)

Venezuela 30 million kWh (2003)

Vietnam 0 kWh (2002)

Virgin Islands 0 kWh (2002)

Wallis and Futuna 0 kWh (2002)

West Bank NA kWh

Western Sahara 0 kWh (2002)

World 497.6 billion kWh (2002 est.)

Yemen 0 kWh (2002)

Zambia 0 kWh (2002)

Zimbabwe 3 billion kWh (2002)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005



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@2044 Electricity - exports (kWh)

Afghanistan 0 kWh (2002)

Albania 100 million kWh (2002)

Algeria 500 million kWh (2002)

American Samoa 0 kWh (2002)

Andorra 0 kWh (2002)

Angola 0 kWh (2002)

Antigua and Barbuda 0 kWh (2002)

Argentina 2.818 billion kWh (2002)

Armenia 704 million kWh; note - exports an unknown quantity to Georgia; includes exports to Nagorno-Karabakh region in Azerbaijan (2002)

Aruba 0 kWh (2002)

Australia 0 kWh (2002)

Austria 14.7 billion kWh (2002)

Azerbaijan 505 million kWh (2002)

Bahamas, The 0 kWh (2002)

Bahrain 0 kWh (2002)

Bangladesh 0 kWh (2002)

Barbados 0 kWh (2002)

Belarus 800 million kWh (2004)

Belgium 9.1 billion kWh (2002)

Belize 0 kWh (2002)

Benin 0 kWh (2002)

Bermuda 0 kWh (2002)

Bhutan 1.56 billion kWh (2002)

Bolivia 3 million kWh (2002)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.288 billion kWh (2002)

Botswana 0 kWh (2002)

Brazil 7 million kWh (2002)

British Virgin Islands 0 kWh (2002)

Brunei 0 kWh (2002)

Bulgaria 8.3 billion kWh (2002)

Burkina Faso 0 kWh (2002)

Burma 0 kWh (2002)

Burundi 0 kWh (2002)

Cambodia 0 kWh (2002)

Cameroon 0 kWh (2002)

Canada 36.13 billion kWh (2002)

Cape Verde 0 kWh (2002)

Cayman Islands 0 kWh (2002)

Central African Republic 0 kWh (2002)

Chad 0 kWh (2002)

Chile 0 kWh (2002)

China 10.38 billion kWh (2002)

Colombia 618 million kWh (2002)

Comoros 0 kWh (2002)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1.5 billion kWh (2002)

Congo, Republic of the 0 kWh (2002)

Cook Islands 0 kWh (2002)

Costa Rica 477 million kWh (2002)

Cote d'Ivoire 1.45 billion kWh (2002)

Croatia 406 million kWh (2002)

Cuba 0 kWh (2002)

Cyprus 0 kWh (2002)

Czech Republic 20.9 billion kWh (2002)

Denmark 11.1 billion kWh (2002)

Djibouti 0 kWh (2002)

Dominica 0 kWh (2002)

Dominican Republic 0 kWh (2002)

East Timor 0 kWh (2002)

Ecuador 0 kWh (2002)

Egypt 0 kWh (2002)

El Salvador 91 million kWh (2004)

Equatorial Guinea 0 kWh (2002)

Eritrea 0 kWh (2002)

Estonia 1.562 billion kWh (2002)

Ethiopia 0 kWh (2002)

European Union 270.8 billion kWh (2002)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 kWh (2002)

Faroe Islands 0 kWh (2002)

Fiji 0 kWh (2002)

Finland 1.5 billion kWh (2002)

France 79.9 billion kWh (2002)

French Guiana 0 kWh (2002)

French Polynesia 0 kWh (2002)

Gabon 0 kWh (2002)

Gambia, The 0 kWh (2002)

Gaza Strip 0 kWh (2001)

Georgia 300 million kWh (2002)

Germany 53.8 billion kWh (2003)

Ghana 500 million kWh (2002)

Gibraltar 0 kWh (2002)

Greece 1.1 billion kWh (2002)

Greenland 0 kWh (2002)

Grenada 0 kWh (2002)

Guadeloupe 0 kWh (2002)

Guam 0 kWh (2002)

Guatemala 440 million kWh (2002)

Guernsey 0 kWh (2002)

Guinea 0 kWh (2002)

Guinea-Bissau 0 kWh (2002)

Guyana 0 kWh (2002)

Haiti 0 kWh (2002)

Holy See (Vatican City) 0 kWh

Honduras 16 million kWh (2002)

Hong Kong 3 billion kWh (2003)

Hungary 8.3 billion kWh (2002)

Iceland 0 kWh (2002)

India 350 million kWh (2002)

Indonesia 0 kWh (2002)

Iran 0 kWh (2002)

Iraq 0 kWh (2004)

Ireland 100 million kWh (2002)