Syria 870 km (minimal economic importance)

Taiwan NA

Tajikistan none

Tanzania note: Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa are principal avenues of commerce between Tanzania and its neighbors on those lakes

Thailand 4,000 km note: 3,701 km are navigable throughout the year by boats with drafts up to 0.9 meters; numerous minor waterways serve shallow-draft native craft

Togo 50 km (Mono river)

Tokelau none

Tonga none

Trinidad and Tobago none

Tromelin Island none

Tunisia none

Turkey 1,200 km (approximately)

Turkmenistan the Amu Darya is an important inland waterway for Turkmenistan, as is the man-made Kara Kum canal

Turks and Caicos Islands none

Tuvalu none

Uganda Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward, Victoria Nile, Albert Nile

Ukraine 4,499 km note: 1,672 km are on the Pryp'yat' and Dniester (Dnister) (1990)

United Arab Emirates none

United Kingdom 3,200 km

United States 41,009 km note: navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes

Uruguay 1,600 km (used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft)

Uzbekistan 1,100 km (1990)

Vanuatu none

Venezuela 7,100 km note: Rio Orinoco and Lago de Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels

Vietnam 17,702 km note: more than 5,149 km are navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8 m draft

Virgin Islands none

Wake Island none

Wallis and Futuna none

West Bank none

Western Sahara none

Yemen none

Zambia 2,250 km note: includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers

Zimbabwe chrome ore is transported from Harare - by way of the Mazoe River - to the Zambezi River in Mozambique

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003



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@2094 Judicial branch

Afghanistan the Bonn Agreement called for the establishment of a Supreme Court; there is also a Minister of Justice

Albania Supreme Court (chairman is elected by the People's Assembly for a four-year term)

Algeria Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

American Samoa High Court (chief justice and associate justices are appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior)

Andorra Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional

Angola Supreme Court or Tribunal da Relacao (judges are appointed by the president)

Anguilla High Court (judge provided by Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court)

Antigua and Barbuda Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)

Argentina Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (the nine Supreme Court judges are appointed by the president with approval by the Senate)

Armenia Constitutional Court; Court of Cassation (Appeals Court)

Aruba Joint High Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the monarch)

Australia High Court (the chief justice and six other justices are appointed by the governor general)

Austria Supreme Judicial Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof; Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof

Azerbaijan Supreme Court

Bahamas, The Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; magistrates courts

Bahrain High Civil Appeals Court

Bangladesh Supreme Court (the chief justices and other judges are appointed by the president)

Barbados Supreme Court of Judicature (judges are appointed by the Service Commissions for the Judicial and Legal Services)

Belarus Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Constitutional Court (half of the judges appointed by the president and half appointed by the Chamber of Representatives)

Belgium Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie (in Dutch) or Cour de Cassation (in French) (judges are appointed for life by the monarch, although selected by the Government)

Belize Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister)

Benin Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Court of Justice

Bermuda Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts

Bhutan Supreme Court of Appeal (the monarch); High Court (judges appointed by the monarch)

Bolivia Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases)

Bosnia and Herzegovina BiH Constitutional Court (consists of nine members: four members are selected by the Bosniak/Croat Federation's House of Representatives, two members by the Republika Srpska's National Assembly, and three non-Bosnian members by the president of the European Court of Human Rights); BiH State Court (consists of nine judges and three divisions - Administrative, Appellate and Criminal - having jurisdiction over cases related to state-level law and appellate jurisdiction over cases initiated in the entities; note - a War Crimes Chamber may be added at a future date) note: the entities each have a Supreme Court; each entity also has a number of lower courts; there are 10 cantonal courts in the Federation, plus a number of municipal courts; the Republika Srpska has five municipal courts

Botswana High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district)

Brazil Supreme Federal Tribunal (11 ministers are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate); Higher Tribunal of Justice; Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life)

British Virgin Islands Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal (one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court); Magistrate's Court; Juvenile Court; Court of Summary Jurisdiction

Brunei Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)

Bulgaria Supreme Administrative Court; Supreme Court of Cassation; Constitutional Court (12 justices appointed or elected for nine-year terms); Supreme Judicial Council (consists of the chairmen of the two Supreme Courts, the Chief Prosecutor, and 22 other members; responsible for appointing the justices, prosecutors, and investigating magistrates in the justice system; members of the Supreme Judicial Council elected for five-year terms, 11 elected by the National Assembly and 11 by bodies of the judiciary)

Burkina Faso Supreme Court; Appeals Court

Burma remnants of the British-era legal system are in place, but there is no guarantee of a fair public trial; the judiciary is not independent of the executive

Burundi Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals)

Cambodia Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority

Cameroon Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High Court of Justice (consists of 9 judges and 6 substitute judges, elected by the National Assembly)

Canada Supreme Court of Canada (judges are appointed by the prime minister through the governor general); Federal Court of Canada; Federal Court of Appeal; Provincial Courts (these are named variously Court of Appeal, Court of Queens Bench, Superior Court, Supreme Court, and Court of Justice)

Cape Verde Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia

Cayman Islands Summary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of Appeal

Central African Republic Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court (3 judges appointed by the president, 3 by the president of the National Assembly, and 3 by fellow judges); Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Inferior Courts

Chad Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts

Chile Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is elected by the 21-member court); Constitutional Tribunal

China Supreme People's Court (judges appointed by the National People's Congress); Local Peoples Courts (comprise higher, intermediate and local courts); Special Peoples Courts (primarily military, maritime, and railway transport courts)

Christmas Island Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court

Cocos (Keeling) Islands Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court

Colombia four coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justical (highest court of criminal law; judges are selected from the nominees of the Higher Council of Justice for eight-year terms); Council of State (highest court of administrative law, judges are selected from the nominees of the Higher Council of Justice for eight-year terms); Constitutional Court (guards integrity and supremacy of the constitution, rules on constitutionality of laws, amendments to the constitution, and international treaties); Higher Council of Justice (administers and disciplines the civilian judiciary; members of the disciplinary chamber resolve jurisdictional conflicts arising between other courts; members are elected by three sister courts and Congress for eight-year terms)

Comoros Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of the republic)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Congo, Republic of the Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Cook Islands High Court

Costa Rica Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are elected for eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)

Cote d'Ivoire Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of four chambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber for financial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases, and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit to the number of members

Croatia Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts appointed for eight-year terms by the Judicial Council of the Republic, which is elected by the House of Representatives

Cuba People's Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo Popular (president, vice president, and other judges are elected by the National Assembly)

Cyprus Supreme Court (judges are appointed jointly by the president and vice president) note: there is also a Supreme Court in the Turkish Cypriot area

Czech Republic Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term

Denmark Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)

Djibouti Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Dominica Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, consisting of the Court of Appeal and the High Court (located in Saint Lucia; one of the six judges must reside in Dominica and preside over the Court of Summary Jurisdiction)

Dominican Republic Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are elected by a Council made up of members of the legislative and executive branches with the president presiding)

East Timor Supreme Court of Justice, one judge appointed by the National Parliament and the rest appointed by the Superior Council for the Judiciary

Ecuador Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (new justices are elected by the full Supreme Court)

Egypt Supreme Constitutional Court

El Salvador Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly)

Equatorial Guinea Supreme Tribunal

Eritrea or High Court, regional, subregional, and village courts; also have military and special courts

Estonia National Court (chairman appointed by Parliament for life)

Ethiopia Federal Supreme Court (the president and vice president of the Federal Supreme Court are recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; for other federal judges, the prime minister submits to the House of People's Representatives for appointment candidates selected by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction

Faroe Islands none

Fiji Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of Appeal; High Court; Magistrates' Courts

Finland Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the president)

France Supreme Court of Appeals or Cour de Cassation (judges are appointed by the president from nominations of the High Council of the Judiciary); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (three members appointed by the president, three appointed by the president of the National Assembly, and three appointed by the president of the Senate); Council of State or Conseil d'Etat

French Guiana Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana)

French Polynesia Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif

Gabon Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consisting of three chambers - Judicial, Administrative, and Accounts; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal; Court of State Security; County Courts

Gambia, The Supreme Court

Georgia Supreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on the president's recommendation); Constitutional Court

Germany Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat)

Ghana Supreme Court

Gibraltar Supreme Court; Court of Appeal

Greece Supreme Judicial Court; Special Supreme Tribunal; all judges appointed for life by the president after consultation with a judicial council

Greenland High Court or Landsret (appeals can be made to the Ostre Landsret or Eastern Division of the High Court or Supreme Court in Copenhagen)

Grenada West Indies Associate States Supreme Court (an associate judge resides in Grenada)

Guadeloupe Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique

Guam Federal District Court (judge is appointed by the president); Territorial Superior Court (judges appointed for eight-year terms by the governor)

Guatemala Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (thirteen members serve concurrent five-year terms and elect a president of the Court each year from among their number; the president of the Supreme Court of Justice also supervises trial judges around the country, who are named to five-year terms); Constitutional Court or Corte de Constitutcionalidad (five judges are elected for concurrent five-year terms by Congress, each serving one year as president of the Constitutional Court; one is elected by Congress, one elected by the Supreme Court of Justice, one appointed by the President, one elected by Superior Counsel of Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala, and one by Colegio de Abogados)

Guernsey Royal Court

Guinea Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Guinea-Bissau Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal da Justica (consists of nine justices who are appointed by the president and serve at his pleasure; final court of appeals in criminal and civil cases); Regional Courts (one in each of nine regions; first court of appeals for Sectoral Court decisions; hear all felony cases and civil cases valued at over $1,000); 24 Sectoral Courts (judges are not necessarily trained lawyers; they hear civil cases under $1,000 and misdemeanor criminal cases)

Guyana Supreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; High Court

Haiti Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation

Holy See (Vatican City) there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pius XII on 1 May 1946

Honduras Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)

Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Hungary Constitutional Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly for nine-year terms)

Iceland Supreme Court or Haestirettur (justices are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice); eight district courts (justices are appointed for life by the Minister of Justice)

India Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president and remain in office until they reach the age of 65)

Indonesia Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature); note - the Supreme Court is preparing to assume administrative responsibility for the lower court system, currently run by the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights; a separate Constitutional Court was invested by the president on 16 August 2003

Iran Supreme Court

Iraq in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition

Ireland Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and cabinet)

Israel Supreme Court (justices appointed for life by the president)

Italy Constitutional Court or Corte Costituzionale (composed of 15 judges: one-third appointed by the president, one-third elected by Parliament, one-third elected by the ordinary and administrative Supreme Courts)

Jamaica Supreme Court (judges appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister); Court of Appeal

Japan Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the monarch after designation by the cabinet; all other justices are appointed by the cabinet)

Jersey Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the bailiff)

Jordan Court of Cassation; Supreme Court (court of final appeal)

Kazakhstan Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (7 members)

Kenya Court of Appeal (chief justice is appointed by the president); High Court

Kiribati Court of Appeal; High Court; 26 Magistrates' courts; judges at all levels are appointed by the president

Korea, North Central Court (judges are elected by the Supreme People's Assembly)

Korea, South Supreme Court (justices are appointed by the president with the consent of the National Assembly)

Kuwait High Court of Appeal

Kyrgyzstan Supreme Court (judges are appointed for 10-year terms by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president); Constitutional Court; Higher Court of Arbitration

Laos People's Supreme Court (the president of the People's Supreme Court is elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the National Assembly Standing Committee; the vice president of the People's Supreme Court and the judges are appointed by the National Assembly Standing Committee)

Latvia Supreme Court (judges' appointments are confirmed by Parliament)

Lebanon four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and commercial cases and one court for criminal cases); Constitutional Council (called for in Ta'if Accord - rules on constitutionality of laws); Supreme Council (hears charges against the president and prime minister as needed)

Lesotho High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal; Magistrate's Court; customary or traditional court

Liberia Supreme Court

Libya Supreme Court

Liechtenstein Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht

Lithuania Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; judges for all courts appointed by the President

Luxembourg judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2 district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all courts are appointed for life by the monarch

Macau The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Supreme Court - Parliament appoints the judges; Constitutional Court - Parliament appoints the judges; Republican Judicial Council - Parliament appoints the judges

Madagascar Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle

Malawi Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts

Malaysia Federal Court (judges appointed by the paramount ruler on the advice of the prime minister)

Maldives High Court

Mali Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Malta Constitutional Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

Man, Isle of High Court of Justice (justices are appointed by the Lord Chancellor of England on the nomination of the lieutenant governor)

Marshall Islands Supreme Court; High Court

Martinique Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Mauritania Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Court of Appeals; lower courts

Mauritius Supreme Court

Mayotte Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel

Mexico Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the president with consent of the Senate)

Micronesia, Federated States of Supreme Court

Moldova Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for constitutional judicature)

Monaco Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council)

Mongolia Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts for approval by the president)

Montserrat Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court)

Morocco Supreme Court (judges are appointed on the recommendation of the Supreme Council of the Judiciary, presided over by the monarch)

Mozambique Supreme Court (the court of final appeal; some of its professional judges are appointed by the president and some are elected by the Assembly); other courts include an Administrative Court, customs courts, maritime courts, courts marshal, labor courts note: although the constitution provides for the creation of a separate Constitutional Court, one has never been established; in its absence the Supreme Court reviews constitutional cases

Namibia Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)

Nauru Supreme Court

Nepal Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Council)

Netherlands Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for life by the monarch)

Netherlands Antilles Joint High Court of Justice (judges appointed by the monarch)

New Caledonia Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court

New Zealand High Court; Court of Appeal

Nicaragua Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (16 judges elected for five-year terms by the National Assembly)

Niger State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Nigeria Supreme Court (judges appointed by the President); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government on the advice of the Advisory Judicial Committee)

Niue Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue

Norfolk Island Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions

Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court; Federal District Court

Norway Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the monarch)

Oman Supreme Court note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has non-Islamic judges as well as traditional Islamic judges

Pakistan Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president); Federal Islamic or Shari'a Court

Palau Supreme Court; National Court; Court of Common Pleas

Panama Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three courts of appeal

Papua New Guinea Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive Council after consultation with the minister responsible for justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission)

Paraguay Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges appointed on the proposal of the Counsel of Magistrates or Consejo de la Magistratura)

Peru Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)

Philippines Supreme Court (justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and serve until 70 years of age)

Pitcairn Islands Island Court (island magistrate presides over the court and is elected every three years)

Poland Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by the Sejm for nine-year terms)

Portugal Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)

Puerto Rico Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court (justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate)

Qatar Court of Appeal

Reunion Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel

Romania Supreme Court of Justice (judges are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Superior Council of Magistrates)

Russia Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Superior Court of Arbitration; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president

Rwanda Supreme Court; communal courts; appeals courts

Saint Helena Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court

Saint Kitts and Nevis Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Kitts and Nevis)

Saint Lucia Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (jurisdiction extends to Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, the British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on Saint Lucia; one judge of the Supreme Court resides in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)

Samoa Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Land and Titles Court

San Marino Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII

Sao Tome and Principe Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly)

Saudi Arabia Supreme Council of Justice

Senegal Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note - the judicial system was reformed in 1992

Serbia and Montenegro Federal Court or Savezni Sud; Constitutional Court; judges for both courts are elected by the Federal Assembly for nine-year terms note: after the promulgation of the new Constitution, the Federal Court will have constitutional and administrative functions; it will have an equal number of judges from each republic

Seychelles Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are appointed by the president

Sierra Leone Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court

Singapore Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals

Slovakia Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council); Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of nominees approved by the National Council)

Slovenia Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president)

Solomon Islands Court of Appeal

Somalia following the breakdown of national government, most regions have reverted to either Islamic (Shari'a) law with a provision for appeal of all sentences, or traditional clan-based arbitration

South Africa Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High Courts; Magistrate Courts

Spain Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo

Sri Lanka Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts are appointed by the president

Sudan Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary Courts

Suriname Court of Justice (justices are nominated for life)

Swaziland High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch

Sweden Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet)

Switzerland Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms by the Federal Assembly)

Syria Supreme Constitutional Court (justices are appointed for four-year terms by the president); High Judicial Council; Court of Cassation; State Security Courts

Taiwan Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with consent of the National Assembly; note - beginning in 2003, justices will be appointed by the president with consent of the Legislative Yuan)

Tajikistan Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Tanzania Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)

Thailand Supreme Court or Sandika (judges appointed by the monarch)

Togo Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme

Tokelau Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau

Tonga Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court)

Trinidad and Tobago Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London

Tunisia Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation

Turkey Constitutional Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of Appeals and Council of State (judges are elected by the Supreme Council of Judges and Prosecutors)

Turkmenistan Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Turks and Caicos Islands Supreme Court

Tuvalu High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)

Uganda Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by the president)

Ukraine Supreme Court; Constitutional Court

United Arab Emirates Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)

United Kingdom House of Lords (highest court of appeal; several Lords of Appeal in Ordinary are appointed by the monarch for life); Supreme Courts of England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (comprising the Courts of Appeal, the High Courts of Justice, and the Crown Courts); Scotland's Court of Session and Court of the Justiciary

United States Supreme Court (its nine justices are appointed for life by the president with confirmation by the Senate); United States Courts of Appeal; United States District Courts; State and County Courts

Uruguay Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)

Uzbekistan Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)

Vanuatu Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)

Venezuela Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribuna Suprema de Justicia (magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a single 12-year term)

Vietnam Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president)

Virgin Islands US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third Circuit jurisdiction); Territorial Court (judges appointed by the governor for 10-year terms)

Wallis and Futuna none; justice generally administered under French law by the high administrator, but the three traditional kings administer customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu

Yemen Supreme Court

Zambia Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)

Zimbabwe Supreme Court; High Court

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003



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@2095 Labor force

Afghanistan 10 million (2000 est.)

Albania 1.283 million (not including 352,000 emigrant workers and 261,000 domestically unemployed) (2000 est.)

Algeria 9.4 million (2001 est.)

American Samoa 14,000 (1996)

Andorra 33,000 (2001 est.)

Angola 5 million (1997 est.)

Anguilla 6,049 (2001)

Antigua and Barbuda 30,000

Argentina 15 million (1999)

Armenia 1.4 million (2001)

Aruba 41,501 (1997 est.)

Australia 9.2 million (37256)

Austria 4.3 million (2001)

Azerbaijan 3.7 million (2001)

Bahamas, The 156,000 (1999)

Bahrain 295,000 note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (1998 est.)

Bangladesh 64.1 million note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $1.71 billion in 1998-99 (1998)

Barbados 128,500 (2001 est.)

Belarus 4.8 million (2000)

Belgium 4.44 million (2001)

Belize 90,000 note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel

Benin NA

Bermuda 37,472 (2000)

Bhutan NA note: massive lack of skilled labor

Bolivia 2.5 million

Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.026 million

Botswana 264,000 formal sector employees (2000)

Brazil 79 million (1999 est.)

British Virgin Islands 4,911 (1980)

Brunei 143,400 note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.)

Bulgaria 3.83 million (2000 est.)

Burkina Faso 5 million note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2002)

Burma 23.7 million (1999 est.)

Burundi 3.7 million (2000)

Cambodia 6 million (1998 est.)

Cameroon NA

Canada 16.4 million (2001 est.)

Cape Verde NA

Cayman Islands 19,820 (1995)

Central African Republic NA

Chad NA

Chile 5.9 million (2000 est.)

China 744 million (2001 est.)

Christmas Island NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA

Colombia 18.3 million (1999 est.)

Comoros 144,500 (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 14.51 million (1993 est.)

Congo, Republic of the NA

Cook Islands 8,000 (1996)

Costa Rica 1.9 million (1999)

Cote d'Ivoire 68% agricultural (2000 est.)

Croatia 1.7 million (2001)

Cuba 4.3 million note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2000 est.)

Cyprus Greek Cypriot area: 291,000; Turkish Cypriot area: 86,300 (2000)

Czech Republic 5.203 million (1999 est.)

Denmark 2.856 million (2000 est.)

Djibouti 282,000

Dominica 25,000

Dominican Republic 2.3 million - 2.6 million

East Timor NA

Ecuador 3.7 million (urban)

Egypt 20.6 million (2001 est.)

El Salvador 2.35 million (1999)

Equatorial Guinea NA

Eritrea NA

Estonia 608,600 (2001 est.)

Ethiopia NA

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1,100 (est.)

Faroe Islands 24,250 (October 2000)

Fiji 137,000 (1999)

Finland 2.6 million (2000 est.)

France 26.6 million (2001 est.)

French Guiana 58,800 (1997)

French Polynesia 70,000 (1996)

Gabon 600,000

Gambia, The 400,000

Gaza Strip NA

Georgia 2.1 million (2001 est.)

Germany 41.9 million (2001)

Ghana 9 million (2000 est.)

Gibraltar 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)

Greece 4.37 million (2002 est.)

Greenland 24,500 (1999 est.)

Grenada 42,300 (1996)

Guadeloupe 125,900 (1997)

Guam 60,000 (2000 est.)

Guatemala 4.2 million (1999 est.)

Guernsey 31,322 (2000)

Guinea 3 million (1999)

Guinea-Bissau 480,000

Guyana 418,000 (2001 est.)

Haiti 3.6 million note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995)

Holy See (Vatican City) NA

Honduras 2.3 million (1997 est.)

Hong Kong 3.52 million (2001 est.)

Hungary 4.2 million (1997)

Iceland 159,000 (2000)

India 406 million (1999)

Indonesia 99 million (1999)

Iran 21 million note: shortage of skilled labor (1998)

Iraq 6.5 million (2002 est.)

Ireland 1.8 million (2001)

Israel 2.5 million (2002 est.)

Italy 23.6 million (2001 est.)

Jamaica 1.13 million (1998)

Japan 67.7 million (December 2001)

Jersey 57,050 (1996)

Jordan 1.36 million (2002)

Kazakhstan 8.4 million (1999)

Kenya 10 million (2001 est.)

Kiribati 7,870 economically active, not including subsistence farmers

Korea, North 9.6 million

Korea, South 22 million (2001)

Kuwait 1.3 million note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 80% of the labor force. (1998 est.)

Kyrgyzstan 2.7 million (2000)

Laos 2.4 million (1999)

Latvia 1.1 million (2001 est.)

Lebanon 1.5 million note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers (2001 est.)

Lesotho 838,000

Libya 1.5 million (2000 est.)

Liechtenstein 29,000 of which 19,000 are foreigners; 13,000 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (37256)

Lithuania 1.5 million (2001 est.)

Luxembourg 262,300 (of whom 87,400 are foreign cross-border workers primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany) (2000)

Macau 214,000 (2002)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of 1.1 million (2000 est.)

Madagascar 7.3 million (2000)

Malawi 4.5 million (2001 est.)

Malaysia 9.9 million (2001 est.)

Maldives 88,000 (2000)

Mali 3.93 million (2001 est.)

Malta 160,000 (2002 est.)

Man, Isle of 36,610 (1998)

Marshall Islands 28,698

Martinique 165,900 (1998)

Mauritania 786,000 (2001)

Mauritius 514,000 (1995)

Mayotte 48,800 (2000)

Mexico 39.8 million (2000)

Micronesia, Federated States of NA

Moldova 1.7 million (1998)

Monaco 30,540 (January 1994)

Mongolia 1.4 million (2001)

Montserrat 4,521 ; note - lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity

Morocco 11 million (1999)

Mozambique 9.2 million (2000 est.)

Namibia 725,000 (2000)

Nepal 10 million note: severe lack of skilled labor (1996 est.)

Netherlands 7.2 million (2000)

Netherlands Antilles 89,000

New Caledonia 79,395 (including 15,018 unemployed, 1996)

New Zealand 1.92 million (2001 est.)

Nicaragua 1.7 million (1999)

Niger 70,000 receive regular wages or salaries

Nigeria 66 million (1999 est.)

Niue NA

Norfolk Island NA

Northern Mariana Islands 6,006 total indigenous labor force; 2,699 unemployed; 28,717 foreign workers

Norway 2.4 million (2000 est.)

Oman 920,000 (2002 est.)

Pakistan 40.4 million note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2000)

Palau 9,845 (2000)

Panama 1.1 million note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor (2000 est.)

Papua New Guinea 2.3 million (1999)

Paraguay 2 million (2000 est.)

Peru 7.5 million (2000 est.)

Philippines 33.7 million (2002)

Pitcairn Islands 12 able-bodied men (1997)

Poland 17.6 million (2000 est.)

Portugal 5.1 million (2000)

Puerto Rico 1.3 million (2000)

Qatar 280,122 (1997 est.)

Reunion 309,900 (2000)

Romania 9.9 million (1999 est.)

Russia 71.8 million (2002 est.)

Rwanda 4.6 million (2000)

Saint Helena 3,500 note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 18,172 (June 1995)

Saint Lucia 43,800

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 3,261 (1999)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 67,000 (1984 est.)

Samoa 90,000 (2000 est.)

San Marino 18,500 (1999)

Sao Tome and Principe NA

Saudi Arabia 7 million note: 35% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national

Senegal NA

Serbia and Montenegro 3 million (2001 est.)

Seychelles 30,900 (1996)

Sierra Leone 1.369 million (1981 est.)

Singapore 2.19 million (2000)

Slovakia 3 million (1999)

Slovenia 857,400

Solomon Islands 26,842

Somalia 3.7 million (very few are skilled laborers)

South Africa 17 million economically active

Spain 17.1 million (2001)

Sri Lanka 6.6 million (1998)

Sudan 11 million (1996 est.)

Suriname 100,000

Svalbard NA

Swaziland 383,200 (2000)

Sweden 4.4 million (2000 est.)

Switzerland 4 million (2001)

Syria 5.2 million (2000 est.)

Taiwan 10 million (2003)

Tajikistan 3.187 million (2000)

Tanzania 13.495 million

Thailand 33.4 million (2001 est.)

Togo 1.74 million (1996)

Tokelau NA

Tonga 33,908 (1996)

Trinidad and Tobago 564,000 (2000)

Tunisia 2.69 million note: shortage of skilled labor (2001 est.)

Turkey 23.8 million note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2001 3rd quarter)

Turkmenistan 2.34 million (1996)

Turks and Caicos Islands 4,848 (1990 est.)

Tuvalu 7,000 (2001 est.)

Uganda 12 million (2001 est.)

Ukraine 22.8 million (yearend 1997)

United Arab Emirates 1.6 million (2000 est.) note: 73.9% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (July 2002 est.) (2000 est.)

United Kingdom 29.7 million (2001)

United States 141.8 million (includes unemployed) (2001)

Uruguay 1.2 million (2001)

Uzbekistan 11.9 million (1998 est.)

Vanuatu NA

Venezuela 9.9 million (1999)

Vietnam 38.2 million (1998 est.)

Virgin Islands 49,000 (2002 est.)

Wallis and Futuna NA

West Bank NA

Western Sahara 12,000

World NA

Yemen NA

Zambia 4.29 million (2000)

Zimbabwe 5.8 million (2000 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003



======================================================================



@2096 Land boundaries (km)

Afghanistan total: 5,529 km border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km, Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km

Albania total: 720 km border countries: Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km

Algeria total: 6,343 km border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km

American Samoa 0 km

Andorra total: 120.3 km border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km

Angola total: 5,198 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

Anguilla 0 km

Antarctica 0 km note: see entry on International disputes

Antigua and Barbuda 0 km

Argentina total: 9,665 km border countries: Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km

Armenia total: 1,254 km border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

Aruba 0 km

Ashmore and Cartier Islands 0 km

Australia 0 km

Austria total: 2,562 km border countries: Czech Republic 362 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 35 km, Slovakia 91 km, Slovenia 330 km, Switzerland 164 km

Azerbaijan total: 2,013 km border countries: Armenia (with Azerbaijan-proper) 566 km, Armenia (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 221 km, Georgia 322 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-proper) 432 km, Iran (with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave) 179 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km

Bahamas, The 0 km

Bahrain 0 km

Baker Island 0 km

Bangladesh total: 4,246 km border countries: Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km

Barbados 0 km

Bassas da India 0 km

Belarus total: 2,900 km border countries: Latvia 141 km, Lithuania 502 km, Poland 407 km, Russia 959 km, Ukraine 891 km

Belgium total: 1,385 km border countries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km

Belize total: 516 km border countries: Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km

Benin total: 1,989 km border countries: Burkina Faso 306 km, Niger 266 km, Nigeria 773 km, Togo 644 km

Bermuda 0 km

Bhutan total: 1,075 km border countries: China 470 km, India 605 km

Bolivia total: 6,743 km border countries: Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km

Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 1,459 km border countries: Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km

Botswana total: 4,013 km border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km

Bouvet Island 0 km

Brazil total: 14,691 km border countries: Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia 1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km, Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km

British Indian Ocean Territory 0 km

British Virgin Islands 0 km

Brunei total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km

Bulgaria total: 1,808 km border countries: Greece 494 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia and Montenegro 318 km, Turkey 240 km

Burkina Faso total: 3,193 km border countries: Benin 306 km, Cote d'Ivoire 584 km, Ghana 549 km, Mali 1,000 km, Niger 628 km, Togo 126 km

Burma total: 5,876 km border countries: Bangladesh 193 km, China 2,185 km, India 1,463 km, Laos 235 km, Thailand 1,800 km

Burundi total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km

Cambodia total: 2,572 km border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Cameroon total: 4,591 km border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km

Canada total: 8,893 km border countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

Cape Verde 0 km

Cayman Islands 0 km

Central African Republic total: 5,203 km border countries: Cameroon 797 km, Chad 1,197 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 467 km, Sudan 1,165 km

Chad total: 5,968 km border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

Chile total: 6,171 km border countries: Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km

China total: 22,147.34 km border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2,185 km, Hong Kong 30 km, India 3,380 km, Kazakhstan 1,533 km, North Korea 1,416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Macau 0.34 km, Mongolia 4,677 km, Nepal 1,236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3,605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1,281 km

Christmas Island 0 km

Clipperton Island 0 km

Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0 km

Colombia total: 6,004 km border countries: Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 1,496 km (est.), Venezuela 2,050 km

Comoros 0 km

Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 10,730 km border countries: Angola 2,511 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of Angola's discontiguous Cabinda Province), Burundi 233 km, Central African Republic 1,577 km, Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Rwanda 217 km, Sudan 628 km, Tanzania 459 km, Uganda 765 km, Zambia 1,930 km

Congo, Republic of the total: 5,504 km border countries: Angola 201 km, Cameroon 523 km, Central African Republic 467 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,410 km, Gabon 1,903 km

Cook Islands 0 km

Coral Sea Islands 0 km

Costa Rica total: 639 km border countries: Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km

Cote d'Ivoire total: 3,110 km border countries: Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km

Croatia total: 2,197 km border countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km, Hungary 329 km, Serbia and Montenegro (north) 241 km, Serbia and Montenegro (south) 25 km, Slovenia 670 km

Cuba total: 29 km border countries: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains part of Cuba

Cyprus 0 km

Czech Republic total: 1,881 km border countries: Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km, Slovakia 215 km

Denmark total: 68 km border countries: Germany 68 km

Djibouti total: 516 km border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km

Dominica 0 km

Dominican Republic total: 360 km border countries: Haiti 360 km

East Timor total: 228 km border countries: Indonesia 228 km

Ecuador total: 2,010 km border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km

Egypt total: 2,665 km border countries: Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km, Sudan 1,273 km

El Salvador total: 545 km border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km

Equatorial Guinea total: 539 km border countries: Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km

Eritrea total: 1,626 km border countries: Djibouti 109 km, Ethiopia 912 km, Sudan 605 km

Estonia total: 633 km border countries: Latvia 339 km, Russia 294 km

Ethiopia total: 5,328 km border countries: Djibouti 349 km, Eritrea 912 km, Kenya 861 km, Somalia 1,600 km, Sudan 1,606 km

Europa Island 0 km

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 0 km

Faroe Islands 0 km

Fiji 0 km

Finland total: 2,628 km border countries: Norway 729 km, Sweden 586 km, Russia 1,313 km

France total: 2,889 km border countries: Andorra 56.6 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km, Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km, Switzerland 573 km

French Guiana total: 1,183 km border countries: Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km

French Polynesia 0 km

French Southern and Antarctic Lands 0 km

Gabon total: 2,551 km border countries: Cameroon 298 km, Republic of the Congo 1,903 km, Equatorial Guinea 350 km

Gambia, The total: 740 km border countries: Senegal 740 km

Gaza Strip total: 62 km border countries: Egypt 11 km, Israel 51 km

Georgia total: 1,461 km border countries: Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km

Germany total: 3,621 km border countries: Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km

Ghana total: 2,094 km border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km

Gibraltar total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km

Glorioso Islands 0 km

Greece total: 1,228 km border countries: Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 246 km

Greenland 0 km

Grenada 0 km

Guadeloupe total: 10.2 km border countries: Netherlands Antilles (Sint Maarten) 10.2 km

Guam 0 km

Guatemala total: 1,687 km border countries: Belize 266 km, El Salvador 203 km, Honduras 256 km, Mexico 962 km

Guernsey 0 km

Guinea total: 3,399 km border countries: Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km

Guinea-Bissau total: 724 km border countries: Guinea 386 km, Senegal 338 km

Guyana total: 2,462 km border countries: Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km

Haiti total: 360 km border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km

Heard Island and McDonald Islands 0 km

Holy See (Vatican City) total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km

Honduras total: 1,520 km border countries: Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km

Hong Kong total: 30 km border countries: China 30 km

Howland Island 0 km

Hungary total: 2,171 km border countries: Austria 366 km, Croatia 329 km, Romania 443 km, Serbia and Montenegro 151 km, Slovakia 677 km, Slovenia 102 km, Ukraine 103 km

Iceland 0 km

India total: 14,103 km border countries: Bangladesh 4,053 km, Bhutan 605 km, Burma 1,463 km, China 3,380 km, Nepal 1,690 km, Pakistan 2,912 km

Indonesia total: 2,830 km border countries: East Timor 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km

Iran total: 5,440 km border countries: Afghanistan 936 km, Armenia 35 km, Azerbaijan-proper 432 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave 179 km, Iraq 1,458 km, Pakistan 909 km, Turkey 499 km, Turkmenistan 992 km

Iraq total: 3,650 km border countries: Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 240 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 352 km

Ireland total: 360 km border countries: UK 360 km

Israel total: 1,017 km border countries: Egypt 266 km, Gaza Strip 51 km, Jordan 238 km, Lebanon 79 km, Syria 76 km, West Bank 307 km

Italy total: 1,932.2 km border countries: Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 232 km, Switzerland 740 km

Jamaica 0 km

Jan Mayen 0 km

Japan 0 km

Jarvis Island 0 km

Jersey 0 km

Johnston Atoll 0 km

Jordan total: 1,635 km border countries: Iraq 181 km, Israel 238 km, Saudi Arabia 744 km, Syria 375 km, West Bank 97 km

Juan de Nova Island 0 km

Kazakhstan total: 12,012 km border countries: China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km, Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km

Kenya total: 3,477 km border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km

Kingman Reef 0 km

Kiribati 0 km

Korea, North total: 1,673 km border countries: China 1,416 km, South Korea 238 km, Russia 19 km

Korea, South total: 238 km border countries: North Korea 238 km

Kuwait total: 462 km border countries: Iraq 240 km, Saudi Arabia 222 km

Kyrgyzstan total: 3,878 km border countries: China 858 km, Kazakhstan 1,051 km, Tajikistan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,099 km

Laos total: 5,083 km border countries: Burma 235 km, Cambodia 541 km, China 423 km, Thailand 1,754 km, Vietnam 2,130 km

Latvia total: 1,150 km border countries: Belarus 141 km, Estonia 339 km, Lithuania 453 km, Russia 217 km

Lebanon total: 454 km border countries: Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km

Lesotho total: 909 km border countries: South Africa 909 km

Liberia total: 1,585 km border countries: Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km

Libya total: 4,348 km border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km

Liechtenstein total: 76 km border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km

Lithuania total: 1,273 km border countries: Belarus 502 km, Latvia 453 km, Poland 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km

Luxembourg total: 359 km border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km

Macau total: 0.34 km border countries: China 0.34 km

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of total: 766 km border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 246 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km

Madagascar 0 km

Malawi total: 2,881 km border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km

Malaysia total: 2,669 km border countries: Brunei 381 km, Indonesia 1,782 km, Thailand 506 km

Maldives 0 km

Mali total: 7,243 km border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km

Malta 0 km

Man, Isle of 0 km

Marshall Islands 0 km

Martinique 0 km

Mauritania total: 5,074 km border countries: Algeria 463 km, Mali 2,237 km, Senegal 813 km, Western Sahara 1,561 km

Mauritius 0 km

Mayotte 0 km

Mexico total: 4,353 km border countries: Belize 250 km, Guatemala 962 km, US 3,141 km

Micronesia, Federated States of 0 km

Midway Islands 0 km

Moldova total: 1,389 km border countries: Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km

Monaco total: 4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km

Mongolia total: 8,162 km border countries: China 4,677 km, Russia 3,485 km

Montserrat 0 km

Morocco total: 2,017.9 km border countries: Algeria 1,559 km, Western Sahara 443 km, Spain (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Spain (Melilla) 9.6 km

Mozambique total: 4,571 km border countries: Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km

Namibia total: 3,936 km border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 967 km, Zambia 233 km

Nauru 0 km

Navassa Island 0 km

Nepal total: 2,926 km border countries: China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km

Netherlands total: 1,027 km border countries: Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km

Netherlands Antilles total: 10.2 km border countries: Guadeloupe (Saint Martin) 10.2 km

New Caledonia 0 km

New Zealand 0 km

Nicaragua total: 1,231 km border countries: Costa Rica 309 km, Honduras 922 km

Niger total: 5,697 km border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km

Nigeria total: 4,047 km border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km

Niue 0 km

Norfolk Island 0 km

Northern Mariana Islands 0 km

Norway total: 2,544 km border countries: Finland 729 km, Sweden 1,619 km, Russia 196 km

Oman total: 1,374 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 676 km, UAE 410 km, Yemen 288 km

Pakistan total: 6,774 km border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km

Palau 0 km

Palmyra Atoll 0 km

Panama total: 555 km border countries: Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km

Papua New Guinea total: 820 km border countries: Indonesia 820 km

Paracel Islands 0 km

Paraguay total: 3,920 km border countries: Argentina 1,880 km, Bolivia 750 km, Brazil 1,290 km

Peru total: 5,536 km border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km

Philippines 0 km

Pitcairn Islands 0 km

Poland total: 2,788 km border countries: Belarus 407 km, Czech Republic 658 km, Germany 456 km, Lithuania 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Slovakia 444 km, Ukraine 526 km

Portugal total: 1,214 km border countries: Spain 1,214 km

Puerto Rico 0 km

Qatar total: 60 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km

Reunion 0 km

Romania total: 2,508 km border countries: Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia and Montenegro 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km

Russia total: 19,990 km border countries: Azerbaijan 284 km, Belarus 959 km, China (southeast) 3,605 km, China (south) 40 km, Estonia 294 km, Finland 1,313 km, Georgia 723 km, Kazakhstan 6,846 km, North Korea 19 km, Latvia 217 km, Lithuania (Kaliningrad Oblast) 227 km, Mongolia 3,485 km, Norway 196 km, Poland (Kaliningrad Oblast) 206 km, Ukraine 1,576 km

Rwanda total: 893 km border countries: Burundi 290 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 217 km, Tanzania 217 km, Uganda 169 km

Saint Helena 0 km

Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 km

Saint Lucia 0 km

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 km

Samoa 0 km

San Marino total: 39 km border countries: Italy 39 km

Sao Tome and Principe 0 km

Saudi Arabia total: 4,431 km border countries: Iraq 814 km, Jordan 744 km, Kuwait 222 km, Oman 676 km, Qatar 60 km, UAE 457 km, Yemen 1,458 km

Senegal total: 2,640 km border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km

Serbia and Montenegro total: 2,246 km border countries: Albania 287 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km, Hungary 151 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km

Seychelles 0 km

Sierra Leone total: 958 km border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km

Singapore 0 km

Slovakia total: 1,524 km border countries: Austria 91 km, Czech Republic 215 km, Hungary 677 km, Poland 444 km, Ukraine 97 km

Slovenia total: 1,334 km border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 670 km, Italy 232 km, Hungary 102 km

Solomon Islands 0 km

Somalia total: 2,340 km border countries: Djibouti 58 km, Ethiopia 1,600 km, Kenya 682 km

South Africa total: 4,862 km border countries: Botswana 1,840 km, Lesotho 909 km, Mozambique 491 km, Namibia 967 km, Swaziland 430 km, Zimbabwe 225 km

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 0 km

Spain total: 1,917.8 km border countries: Andorra 63.7 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km, Portugal 1,214 km, Morocco (Ceuta) 6.3 km, Morocco (Melilla) 9.6 km

Spratly Islands 0 km

Sri Lanka 0 km

Sudan total: 7,687 km border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km

Suriname total: 1,707 km border countries: Brazil 597 km, French Guiana 510 km, Guyana 600 km

Svalbard 0 km

Swaziland total: 535 km border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km

Sweden total: 2,205 km border countries: Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km

Switzerland total: 1,852 km border countries: Austria 164 km, France 573 km, Italy 740 km, Liechtenstein 41 km, Germany 334 km

Syria total: 2,253 km border countries: Iraq 605 km, Israel 76 km, Jordan 375 km, Lebanon 375 km, Turkey 822 km

Taiwan 0 km

Tajikistan total: 3,651 km border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Tanzania total: 3,861 km border countries: Burundi 451 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 459 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km

Thailand total: 4,863 km border countries: Burma 1,800 km, Cambodia 803 km, Laos 1,754 km, Malaysia 506 km

Togo total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km

Tokelau 0 km

Tonga 0 km

Trinidad and Tobago 0 km

Tromelin Island 0 km

Tunisia total: 1,424 km border countries: Algeria 965 km, Libya 459 km

Turkey total: 2,648 km border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km

Turkmenistan total: 3,736 km border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km

Turks and Caicos Islands 0 km

Tuvalu 0 km

Uganda total: 2,698 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km

Ukraine total: 4,663 km border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 526 km, Romania (south) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 97 km

United Arab Emirates total: 867 km border countries: Oman 410 km, Saudi Arabia 457 km

United Kingdom total: 360 km border countries: Ireland 360 km

United States total: 12,034 km border countries: Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska), Mexico 3,141 km note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is leased by the US and thus remains part of Cuba; the base boundary is 29 km

Uruguay total: 1,564 km border countries: Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km

Uzbekistan total: 6,221 km border countries: Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km

Vanuatu 0 km

Venezuela total: 4,993 km border countries: Brazil 2,200 km, Colombia 2,050 km, Guyana 743 km

Vietnam total: 4,639 km border countries: Cambodia 1,228 km, China 1,281 km, Laos 2,130 km

Virgin Islands 0 km

Wake Island 0 km

Wallis and Futuna 0 km

West Bank total: 404 km border countries: Israel 307 km, Jordan 97 km

Western Sahara total: 2,046 km border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km

World the land boundaries in the world total 250,472 km (not counting shared boundaries twice)

Yemen total: 1,746 km border countries: Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km

Zambia total: 5,664 km border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km

Zimbabwe total: 3,066 km border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003



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@2097 Land use (%)

Afghanistan arable land: 12.13% permanent crops: 0.22% other: 87.65% (1998 est.)

Albania arable land: 21.09% permanent crops: 4.45% other: 74.46% (1998 est.)

Algeria arable land: 3.21% permanent crops: 0.21% other: 96.58% (1998 est.)

American Samoa arable land: 5% permanent crops: 10% other: 85% (1998 est.)

Andorra arable land: 2.22% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.78% (1998 est.)

Angola arable land: 2.41% permanent crops: 0.4% other: 97.19% (1998 est.)

Anguilla arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly rock with sparse scrub oak, few trees, some commercial salt ponds) (1998 est.)

Antarctica arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (ice 98%, barren rock 2%) (1998 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda arable land: 18.18% permanent crops: 0% other: 81.82% (1998 est.)

Argentina arable land: 9.14% permanent crops: 0.8% other: 90.06% (1998 est.)

Armenia arable land: 17.52% permanent crops: 2.3% other: 80.18% (1998 est.)

Aruba arable land: 10.53% (including aloe 0.01%) permanent crops: 0% other: 89.47% (1998 est.)

Ashmore and Cartier Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (1998 est.)

Australia arable land: 6.88% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 93.09% (1998 est.)

Austria arable land: 16.89% permanent crops: 0.99% other: 82.12% (1998 est.)

Azerbaijan arable land: 19.31% permanent crops: 3.04% other: 77.65% (1998 est.)

Bahamas, The arable land: 0.6% permanent crops: 0.4% other: 99% (1998 est.)

Bahrain arable land: 4.35% permanent crops: 4.35% other: 91.3% (1998 est.)

Baker Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Bangladesh arable land: 60.7% permanent crops: 2.61% other: 36.69% (1998 est.)

Barbados arable land: 37.21% permanent crops: 2.33% other: 60.46% (1998 est.)

Bassas da India arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all rock) (1998 est.)

Belarus arable land: 29.76% permanent crops: 0.69% other: 69.55% (1998 est.)

Belgium arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% note: includes Luxembourg (1998 est.)

Belize arable land: 2.81% permanent crops: 1.1% other: 96.09% (1998 est.)

Benin arable land: 15.28% permanent crops: 1.36% other: 83.36% (1998 est.)

Bermuda arable land: 6% permanent crops: 0% other: 94% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (1998 est.)

Bhutan arable land: 2.98% permanent crops: 0.43% other: 96.59% (1998 est.)

Bolivia arable land: 1.73% permanent crops: 0.21% other: 98.06% (1998 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina arable land: 9.8% permanent crops: 2.94% other: 87.26% (1998 est.)

Botswana arable land: 0.61% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.38% (1998 est.)

Bouvet Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (93% ice) (1998 est.)

Brazil arable land: 6.3% permanent crops: 1.42% other: 92.28% (1998 est.)

British Indian Ocean Territory arable land: NEGL permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

British Virgin Islands arable land: 20% permanent crops: 6.67% other: 73.33% (1998 est.)

Brunei arable land: 0.57% permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (1998 est.)

Bulgaria arable land: 39% permanent crops: 1.8% other: 59.2% (1998 est.)

Burkina Faso arable land: 12.43% permanent crops: 0.18% other: 87.39% (1998 est.)

Burma arable land: 14.53% permanent crops: 0.9% other: 84.57% (1998 est.)

Burundi arable land: 29.98% permanent crops: 12.85% other: 57.17% (1998 est.)

Cambodia arable land: 20.96% permanent crops: 0.61% other: 78.43% (1998 est.)

Cameroon arable land: 12.81% permanent crops: 2.58% other: 84.61% (1998 est.)

Canada arable land: 4.94% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 95.04% (1998 est.)

Cape Verde arable land: 9.68% permanent crops: 0.5% other: 89.82% (1998 est.)

Cayman Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Central African Republic arable land: 3.1% permanent crops: 0.14% other: 96.76% (1998 est.)

Chad arable land: 2.78% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 97.2% (1998 est.)

Chile arable land: 2.65% permanent crops: 0.42% other: 96.93% (1998 est.)

China arable land: 13.31% permanent crops: 1.2% other: 85.49% (1998 est.)

Christmas Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (1998 est.)

Clipperton Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all coral) (1998 est.)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Colombia arable land: 1.9% permanent crops: 1.96% other: 96.14% (1998 est.)

Comoros arable land: 34.98% permanent crops: 17.94% other: 47.08% (1998 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the arable land: 2.96% permanent crops: 0.52% other: 96.52% (1998 est.)

Congo, Republic of the arable land: 0.5% permanent crops: 0.13% other: 99.37% (1998 est.)

Cook Islands arable land: 17.39% permanent crops: 13.04% other: 69.57% (1998 est.)

Coral Sea Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (1998 est.)

Costa Rica arable land: 4.41% permanent crops: 5.48% other: 90.11% (1998 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire arable land: 9.28% permanent crops: 13.84% other: 76.88% (1998 est.)

Croatia arable land: 23.55% permanent crops: 2.24% other: 74.21% (1998 est.)

Cuba arable land: 33.04% permanent crops: 7.61% other: 59.35% (1998 est.)

Cyprus arable land: 10.61% permanent crops: 4.65% other: 84.74% (1998 est.)

Czech Republic arable land: 40% permanent crops: 3.04% other: 56.96% (1998 est.)

Denmark arable land: 55.74% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 44.07% (1998 est.)

Djibouti arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Dominica arable land: 4% permanent crops: 16% other: 80% (1998 est.)

Dominican Republic arable land: 21.08% permanent crops: 9.92% other: 69% (1998 est.)

East Timor arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%

Ecuador arable land: 5.69% permanent crops: 5.15% other: 89.16% (1998 est.)

Egypt arable land: 2.85% permanent crops: 0.47% other: 96.68% (1998 est.)

El Salvador arable land: 27.27% permanent crops: 12.11% other: 60.62% (1998 est.)

Equatorial Guinea arable land: 4.63% permanent crops: 3.57% other: 91.8% (1998 est.)

Eritrea arable land: 3.87% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 96.11% (1998 est.)

Estonia arable land: 26.5% permanent crops: 0.35% other: 73.15% (1998 est.)

Ethiopia arable land: 9.9% permanent crops: 0.65% other: 89.45% (1998 est.)

Europa Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mangrove forests and woodlands) (1998 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)

Faroe Islands arable land: 2.14% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.86% (1998 est.)

Fiji arable land: 10.95% permanent crops: 4.65% other: 84.4% (1998 est.)

Finland arable land: 6.98% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 93.01% (1998 est.)

France arable land: 33.3% permanent crops: 2.11% other: 64.59% (1998 est.)

French Guiana arable land: 0.11% NEGL permanent crops: 0.03% other: 99.86% (90% forest, 10% other) (1998 est.)

French Polynesia arable land: 1.64% permanent crops: 6.01% other: 92.35% (1998 est.)

French Southern and Antarctic Lands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Gabon arable land: 1.26% permanent crops: 0.66% other: 98.08% (1998 est.)

Gambia, The arable land: 19.5% permanent crops: 0.5% other: 80% (1998 est.)

Gaza Strip arable land: 26.32% permanent crops: 39.47% other: 34.21% (1998 est.)

Georgia arable land: 11.21% permanent crops: 4.09% other: 84.7% (1998 est.)

Germany arable land: 33.88% permanent crops: 0.65% other: 65.47% (1998 est.)

Ghana arable land: 15.82% permanent crops: 7.47% other: 76.71% (1998 est.)

Gibraltar arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Glorioso Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms) (1998 est.)

Greece arable land: 22.12% permanent crops: 8.47% other: 69.41% (1998 est.)

Greenland arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Grenada arable land: 5.88% permanent crops: 26.47% other: 67.65% (1998 est.)

Guadeloupe arable land: 10.65% permanent crops: 4.14% other: 85.21% (1998 est.)

Guam arable land: 10.91% permanent crops: 10.91% other: 78.18% (1998 est.)

Guatemala arable land: 12.54% permanent crops: 5.03% other: 82.43% (1998 est.)

Guernsey arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA%

Guinea arable land: 3.6% permanent crops: 2.44% other: 93.96% (1998 est.)

Guinea-Bissau arable land: 10.67% permanent crops: 1.78% other: 87.55% (1998 est.)

Guyana arable land: 2.44% permanent crops: 0.08% other: 97.48% (1998 est.)

Haiti arable land: 20.32% permanent crops: 12.7% other: 66.98% (1998 est.)

Heard Island and McDonald Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Holy See (Vatican City) arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.)

Honduras arable land: 15.15% permanent crops: 3.13% other: 81.72% (1998 est.)

Hong Kong arable land: 5.05% permanent crops: 1.01% other: 93.94% (1998 est.)

Howland Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Hungary arable land: 52.2% permanent crops: 2.46% other: 45.34% (1998 est.)

Iceland arable land: 1% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 28% forest and woodlands: 1% other: 70% (2001 est.)

India arable land: 54.35% permanent crops: 2.66% other: 42.99% (1998 est.)

Indonesia arable land: 9.9% permanent crops: 7.2% other: 82.9% (1998 est.)

Iran arable land: 10.17% permanent crops: 1.16% other: 88.67% (1998 est.)

Iraq arable land: 11.89% permanent crops: 0.78% other: 87.33% (1998 est.)

Ireland arable land: 19.49% permanent crops: 0.04% other: 80.47% (1998 est.)

Israel arable land: 17.02% permanent crops: 4.17% other: 78.81% (1998 est.)

Italy arable land: 28.07% permanent crops: 9.25% other: 62.68% (1998 est.)

Jamaica arable land: 16.07% permanent crops: 9.23% other: 74.7% (1998 est.)

Jan Mayen arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Japan arable land: 12.13% permanent crops: 1.01% other: 86.86% (1998 est.)

Jarvis Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Jersey arable land: NEGL% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Johnston Atoll arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Jordan arable land: 2.87% permanent crops: 1.52% other: 95.61% (1998 est.)

Juan de Nova Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (90% forest) (1998 est.)

Kazakhstan arable land: 11.23% permanent crops: 0.05% other: 88.72% (1998 est.)

Kenya arable land: 7.03% permanent crops: 0.91% other: 92.06% (1998 est.)

Kingman Reef arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Kiribati arable land: 0% permanent crops: 50.68% other: 49.32% (1998 est.)

Korea, North arable land: 14.12% permanent crops: 2.49% other: 83.39% (1998 est.)

Korea, South arable land: 17.44% permanent crops: 2.05% other: 80.51% (1998 est.)

Kuwait arable land: 0.34% permanent crops: 0.06% other: 99.6% (1998 est.)

Kyrgyzstan arable land: 7.04% permanent crops: 0.39% other: 92.57% note: Kyrgyzstan has the world's largest natural growth walnut forest (1998 est.)

Laos arable land: 3.47% permanent crops: 0.23% other: 96.3% (1998 est.)

Latvia arable land: 29.01% permanent crops: 0.48% other: 70.51% (1998 est.)

Lebanon arable land: 17.6% permanent crops: 12.51% other: 69.89% (1998 est.)

Lesotho arable land: 10.71% permanent crops: 0% other: 89.29% (1998 est.)

Liberia arable land: 1.97% permanent crops: 2.08% other: 95.95% (1998 est.)

Libya arable land: 1.03% permanent crops: 0.17% other: 98.8% (1998 est.)

Liechtenstein arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (1998 est.)

Lithuania arable land: 45.46% permanent crops: 0.93% other: 53.61% (1998 est.)

Luxembourg arable land: 25% permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (includes Belgium) (1998 est.)

Macau arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.)

Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of arable land: 23.59% permanent crops: 1.85% other: 74.56% (1998 est.)

Madagascar arable land: 4.41% permanent crops: 0.93% other: 94.66% (1998 est.)

Malawi arable land: 19.93% permanent crops: 1.33% other: 78.74% (1998 est.)

Malaysia arable land: 5.54% permanent crops: 17.61% other: 76.85% (1998 est.)

Maldives arable land: 3.33% permanent crops: 6.67% other: 90% (1998 est.)

Mali arable land: 3.77% permanent crops: 0.04% other: 96.19% (1998 est.)

Malta arable land: 31.25% permanent crops: 3.13% other: 65.62% (1998 est.)

Man, Isle of arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (permanent pastures, forests, mountain, and heathland) (1998 est.)

Marshall Islands arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (1998 est.)

Martinique arable land: 9.43% permanent crops: 11.32% other: 79.25% (1998 est.)

Mauritania arable land: 0.48% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.51% (1998 est.)

Mauritius arable land: 49.26% permanent crops: 2.96% other: 47.78% (1998 est.)

Mayotte arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA% (1998 est.)

Mexico arable land: 13.2% permanent crops: 1.1% other: 85.7% (1998 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of arable land: 5.71% permanent crops: 45.71% other: 48.58% (1998 est.)

Midway Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Moldova arable land: 54.08% permanent crops: 12.1% other: 33.82% (1998 est.)

Monaco arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (1998 est.)

Mongolia arable land: 0.84% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.16% (1998 est.)

Montserrat arable land: 20% permanent crops: 0% other: 80% (1998 est.)

Morocco arable land: 20.12% permanent crops: 2.05% other: 77.83% (1998 est.)

Mozambique arable land: 3.98% permanent crops: 0.29% other: 95.73% (1998 est.)

Namibia arable land: 0.99% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.01% (1998 est.)

Nauru arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Navassa Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Nepal arable land: 20.27% permanent crops: 0.49% other: 79.24% (1998 est.)

Netherlands arable land: 26.53% permanent crops: 1.03% other: 72.44% (1998 est.)

Netherlands Antilles arable land: 10% permanent crops: 0% other: 90% (1998 est.)

New Caledonia arable land: 0.38% permanent crops: 0.33% other: 99.29% (1998 est.)

New Zealand arable land: 5.8% permanent crops: 6.44% other: 87.76% (1998 est.)

Nicaragua arable land: 20.24% permanent crops: 2.38% other: 77.38% (1998 est.)

Niger arable land: 3.94% permanent crops: 0% other: 96.06% (1998 est.)

Nigeria arable land: 30.96% permanent crops: 2.79% other: 66.25% (1998 est.)

Niue arable land: 19.23% permanent crops: 7.69% other: 73.08% (1998 est.)

Norfolk Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Northern Mariana Islands arable land: 15.22% permanent crops: 6.52% other: 78.26% (1998 est.)

Norway arable land: 2.94% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.06% (1998 est.)

Oman arable land: 0.08% permanent crops: 0.22% other: 99.7% (1998 est.)

Pakistan arable land: 27.81% permanent crops: 0.79% other: 71.4% (1998 est.)

Palau arable land: 21.74% permanent crops: 0% other: 78.26% (1998 est.)

Palmyra Atoll arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (forests and woodlands) (1998 est.)

Panama arable land: 6.72% permanent crops: 2.08% other: 91.2% (1998 est.)

Papua New Guinea arable land: 0.13% permanent crops: 1.35% other: 98.52% (1998 est.)

Paracel Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Paraguay arable land: 5.54% permanent crops: 0.21% other: 94.25% (1998 est.)

Peru arable land: 2.85% permanent crops: 0.38% other: 96.77% (1998 est.)

Philippines arable land: 18.45% permanent crops: 14.76% other: 66.79% (1998 est.)

Pitcairn Islands arable land: NA% permanent crops: NA% other: NA% (1998 est.)

Poland arable land: 45.81% permanent crops: 1.23% other: 52.96% (1998 est.)

Portugal arable land: 20.57% permanent crops: 7.74% other: 71.69% (1999 est.)

Puerto Rico arable land: 3.72% permanent crops: 5.07% other: 91.21% (1998 est.)

Qatar arable land: 1.27% permanent crops: 0.27% other: 98.46% (1998 est.)

Reunion arable land: 13.2% permanent crops: 2% other: 84.8% (1998 est.)

Romania arable land: 40.57% permanent crops: 2.4% other: 57.03% (1998 est.)

Russia arable land: 7.46% permanent crops: 0.11% other: 92.43% (1998 est.)

Rwanda arable land: 32.43% permanent crops: 10.13% other: 57.44% (1998 est.)

Saint Helena arable land: 12.9% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.1% (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 2.78% other: 80.55% (1998 est.)

Saint Lucia arable land: 4.92% permanent crops: 22.95% other: 72.13% (1998 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 86.96% (1998 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines arable land: 10.26% permanent crops: 17.95% other: 71.79% (1998 est.)

Samoa arable land: 19.43% permanent crops: 23.67% other: 56.9% (1998 est.)

San Marino arable land: 16.67% permanent crops: 0% other: 83.33% (1998 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe arable land: 2% permanent crops: 41% other: 57% (1998 est.)

Saudi Arabia arable land: 1.72% permanent crops: 0.06% other: 98.22% (1998 est.)

Senegal arable land: 11.58% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 88.23% (1998 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro arable land: 36.34% permanent crops: 3.44% other: 60.22% (1998 est.)

Seychelles arable land: 2.22% permanent crops: 13.33% other: 84.45% (1998 est.)

Sierra Leone arable land: 6.76% permanent crops: 0.78% other: 92.46% (1998 est.)

Singapore arable land: 1.64% permanent crops: 0% other: 98.36% (1998 est.)

Slovakia arable land: 30.74% permanent crops: 2.64% other: 66.62% (1998 est.)

Slovenia arable land: 11.48% permanent crops: 2.68% other: 85.84% (1998 est.)

Solomon Islands arable land: 1.5% permanent crops: 0.64% other: 97.86% (1998 est.)

Somalia arable land: 1.66% permanent crops: 0.04% other: 98.3% (1998 est.)

South Africa arable land: 12.13% permanent crops: 0.77% other: 87.1% (1998 est.)

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (1998 est.)

Spain arable land: 28.6% permanent crops: 9.56% other: 61.84% (1998 est.)

Spratly Islands arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Sri Lanka arable land: 13.43% permanent crops: 15.78% other: 70.79% (1998 est.)

Sudan arable land: 7.03% permanent crops: 0.08% other: 92.89% (1998 est.)

Suriname arable land: 0.37% permanent crops: 0.06% other: 99.57% note: there are 95,000 hectares of arable land, 7,000 hectares of permanent crops, and 15,000 hectares of permanent pastures (1998 est.)

Svalbard arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (1998 est.)

Swaziland arable land: 9.77% permanent crops: 0.7% other: 89.53% (1998 est.)

Sweden arable land: 6.8% permanent crops: 0% other: 93.2% (1998 est.)

Switzerland arable land: 10.57% permanent crops: 0.61% other: 88.82% (1998 est.)

Syria arable land: 25.96% permanent crops: 4.08% other: 69.96% (1998 est.)

Taiwan arable land: 24% permanent crops: 1% other: 75%

Tajikistan arable land: 5.41% permanent crops: 0.92% other: 93.67% (1998 est.)

Tanzania arable land: 4.24% permanent crops: 1.02% other: 94.74% (1998 est.)

Thailand arable land: 32.88% permanent crops: 7% other: 60.12% (1998 est.)

Togo arable land: 41.37% permanent crops: 1.84% other: 56.79% (1998 est.)

Tokelau arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile) permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Tonga arable land: 23.61% permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (1998 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago arable land: 14.62% permanent crops: 9.16% other: 76.22% (1998 est.)

Tromelin Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (grasses; scattered bushes) (1998 est.)

Tunisia arable land: 18.67% permanent crops: 12.87% other: 68.46% (1998 est.)

Turkey arable land: 34.53% permanent crops: 3.36% other: 62.11% (1998 est.)

Turkmenistan arable land: 3.47% permanent crops: 0.14% other: 96.39% (1998 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands arable land: 2.33% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.67% (1998 est.)

Tuvalu arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Uganda arable land: 25.34% permanent crops: 8.77% other: 65.89% (1998 est.)

Ukraine arable land: 57.1% permanent crops: 1.73% other: 41.17% (1998 est.)

United Arab Emirates arable land: 0.48% permanent crops: 0.49% other: 99.03% (1998 est.)

United Kingdom arable land: 26.41% permanent crops: 0.18% other: 73.41% (1998 est.)

United States arable land: 19.32% permanent crops: 0.22% other: 80.46% (1998 est.)

Uruguay arable land: 7.21% permanent crops: 0.27% other: 92.52% (1998 est.)

Uzbekistan arable land: 10.8% permanent crops: 0.91% other: 88.29% (1998 est.)

Vanuatu arable land: 2.46% permanent crops: 7.38% other: 90.16% (1998 est.)

Venezuela arable land: 2.99% permanent crops: 0.96% other: 96.05% (1998 est.)

Vietnam arable land: 17.41% permanent crops: 4.71% other: 77.88% (1998 est.)

Virgin Islands arable land: 15% permanent crops: 6% other: 79% (1998 est.)

Wake Island arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Wallis and Futuna arable land: 5% permanent crops: 20% other: 75% (1998 est.)

West Bank arable land: NEGL% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Western Sahara arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

World arable land: 10.58% permanent crops: 1% other: 88.42% (1998 est.)

Yemen arable land: 2.75% permanent crops: 0.21% other: 97.04% (1998 est.)

Zambia arable land: 7.08% permanent crops: 0.03% other: 92.89% (1998 est.)

Zimbabwe arable land: 8.4% permanent crops: 0.34% other: 91.26% (1998 est.)

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003



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@2098 Languages (%)

Afghanistan Pashtu 35%, Afghan Persian (Dari) 50%, Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen) 11%, 30 minor languages (primarily Balochi and Pashai) 4%, much bilingualism

Albania Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek

Algeria Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects

American Samoa Samoan (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English note: most people are bilingual

Andorra Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese

Angola Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

Anguilla English (official)

Antigua and Barbuda English (official), local dialects

Argentina Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French

Armenia Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2%

Aruba Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish

Australia English, native languages

Austria German

Azerbaijan Azerbaijani (Azeri) 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.)

Bahamas, The English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants)

Bahrain Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu

Bangladesh Bangla (official, also known as Bengali), English

Barbados English

Belarus Belarusian, Russian, other

Belgium Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)

Belize English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole

Benin French (official), Fon and Yoruba (most common vernaculars in south), tribal languages (at least six major ones in north)

Bermuda English (official), Portuguese

Bhutan Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects

Bolivia Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)

Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian

Botswana English (official), Setswana

Brazil Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French

British Virgin Islands English (official)

Brunei Malay (official), English, Chinese

Bulgaria Bulgarian, secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown

Burkina Faso French (official), native African languages belonging to Sudanic family spoken by 90% of the population

Burma Burmese, minority ethnic groups have their own languages

Burundi Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

Cambodia Khmer (official) 95%, French, English

Cameroon 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)

Canada English 59.3% (official), French 23.2% (official), other 17.5%

Cape Verde Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)

Cayman Islands English

Central African Republic French (official), Sangho (lingua franca and national language), tribal languages

Chad French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects

Chile Spanish

China Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry)

Christmas Island English (official), Chinese, Malay

Cocos (Keeling) Islands Malay (Cocos dialect), English

Colombia Spanish

Comoros Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili and Arabic)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba

Congo, Republic of the French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba (lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo has the most users)

Cook Islands English (official), Maori

Costa Rica Spanish (official), English

Cote d'Ivoire French (official), 60 native dialects with Dioula the most widely spoken

Croatia Croatian 96%, other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and German)

Cuba Spanish

Cyprus Greek, Turkish, English

Czech Republic Czech

Denmark Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority) note: English is the predominant second language

Djibouti French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar

Dominica English (official), French patois

Dominican Republic Spanish

East Timor Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian, English note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people

Ecuador Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)

Egypt Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes

El Salvador Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians)

Equatorial Guinea Spanish (official), French (official), pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo

Eritrea Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages

Estonia Estonian (official), Russian, Ukrainian, Finnish, other

Ethiopia Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) English

Faroe Islands Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish

Fiji English (official), Fijian, Hindustani

Finland Finnish 93.4% (official), Swedish 5.9% (official), small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities

France French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish)