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Colombia US 32.6%, Venezuela 7%, Mexico 5.3%, Japan 5.3%, Brazil 5.2%, Germany 4.2% (2002)
Comoros France 34.3%, South Africa 12%, Japan 6.1%, Kenya 5.9%, UAE 5.8%, Mauritius 4.9%, Thailand 4.6% (2002)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Belgium 14.6%, South Africa 14.2%, Nigeria 10.3%, France 9.5%, Germany 7.3%, Netherlands 5.3%, Kenya 5.2% (2002)
Congo, Republic of the France 22.1%, Italy 8.5%, Belgium 6%, US 5.2%, India 4.1% (2002)
Cook Islands NZ 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan 2% (2000)
Costa Rica US 36.7%, Japan 4.4%, Mexico 4.2% (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire France 22.7%, Nigeria 16.6%, China 7.9%, Italy 4.2% (2002)
Croatia Italy 16.8%, Germany 16.4%, Slovenia 7.8%, Russia 6.8%, Austria 6.7%, France 5.2% (2002)
Cuba Spain 17.2%, China 12%, Italy 9.1%, France 7.6%, Mexico 7.3%, Canada 6.2%, US 5.6%, Brazil 4.7% (2002)
Cyprus Russia 17.9%, Greece 7.4%, Germany 6.7%, France 6.6%, UK 6.6%, Italy 6.6%, South Korea 5.7%, Japan 5.3% (2002)
Czech Republic Germany 39.1%, Slovakia 6%, Austria 5.6%, Italy 5.4%, France 5.3%, Poland 4.1%, UK 4.1%, Russia 4% (2002)
Denmark Germany 22.9%, Sweden 10.7%, UK 8.7%, Netherlands 7.8%, France 6%, Norway 4.9%, Italy 4.4% (2002)
Djibouti Saudi Arabia 18.2%, Ethiopia 10.5%, US 9.2%, France 8.6%, China 8.2%, Netherlands 4.1% (2002)
Dominica China 23.9%, US 23.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 11.9%, South Korea 7.6%, UK 7.3%, Japan 4.5% (2002)
Dominican Republic US 51.5%, Venezuela 9.6%, Mexico 5.1%, Spain 4% (2002)
East Timor NA
Ecuador US 28.6%, Colombia 14.4%, Japan 6%, Chile 4.5%, Brazil 4.1% (2002)
Egypt US 16.9%, Germany 7.9%, Italy 6.7%, France 6.5%, China 5%, UK 4.1% (2002)
El Salvador US 39%, Guatemala 10.1%, Mexico 7.2%, France 4% (2002)
Equatorial Guinea US 29.1%, Spain 15.9%, UK 14.8%, France 10.4%, Norway 7.2%, Netherlands 4.8%, Italy 4.7% (2002)
Eritrea Italy 27.1%, US 15.7%, Germany 7.2%, Ukraine 5.8%, Turkey 5.5%, France 4.5%, Netherlands 4% (2002)
Estonia Russia 26.6%, Finland 18.9%, Germany 9.2%, Sweden 8.2% (2002)
Ethiopia Saudi Arabia 28.7%, China 6%, Italy 5.9%, India 4.8%, Germany 4.1% (2002)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) UK 57.9%, Spain 19.8%, Italy 16.7% (2002)
Faroe Islands Denmark 53.8%, Norway 24.2%, Iceland 5.7% (2002)
Fiji Australia 37.3%, New Zealand 17.2%, Singapore 16.1%, Japan 4.2%, China 4% (2002)
Finland Germany 14.5%, Sweden 10.9%, Russia 9.9%, UK 5.7%, France 4.3%, Denmark 4.2% (2002)
France Germany 19.4%, Belgium 9.2%, Italy 8.8%, UK 7.3%, Netherlands 7%, US 6.8%, Spain 6.7% (2002)
French Guiana France 63%, US, Trinidad and Tobago, Italy (2002)
French Polynesia France 58.9%, Australia 12.2%, New Zealand 6.9%, US 6.6% (2002)
Gabon France 50.7%, US 6.3%, Netherlands 3.6% (2002)
Gambia, The China 21.8%, Senegal 8.9%, Brazil 7.8%, UK 6.5%, Netherlands 5.4%, India 4.9%, Belgium 4.5%, Hong Kong 4.1% (2002)
Gaza Strip Israel, Egypt, West Bank
Georgia Turkey 15.6%, Azerbaijan 11.2%, US 9.9%, Russia 9.1%, Germany 7.2%, Italy 5.1%, Bulgaria 4.9%, Romania 4.3%, France 4.2%, Ukraine 4.1% (2002)
Germany France 9.5%, Netherlands 8.2%, US 7.7%, UK 6.5%, Italy 6.4%, Belgium 5.2%, Austria 4%, China 4% (2002)
Ghana Nigeria 21.3%, UK 7.2%, US 6.6%, China 6.2%, Italy 6.1%, Cote d'Ivoire 6.1%, Germany 4.7%, Netherlands 4% (2002)
Gibraltar Germany 27.3%, Spain 21.8%, UK 12.1%, Italy 8% (2002)
Greece Germany 12.2%, Italy 11.5%, Russia 7.4%, South Korea 6%, France 5.7%, Netherlands 5.6%, US 4.7%, Belgium 4.3%, UK 4.1% (2002)
Greenland Denmark 74.6%, Norway 14.2%, Russia 2.3% (2002)
Grenada US 30.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 27.3%, UK 4.4% (2002)
Guadeloupe France 63%, Germany 4%, US 3%, Japan 2%, Netherlands Antilles 2% (1999)
Guam Singapore 40.5%, South Korea 21.7%, Japan 21.6%, Hong Kong 4.9% (2002)
Guatemala US 33.2%, Mexico 9.9%, South Korea 8.2%, El Salvador 5.7%, China 4% (2002)
Guernsey UK (regarded as internal trade)
Guinea France 18.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 11%, Italy 8.9%, US 8.2%, Belgium 7.6%, China 5.6%, UK 5.2% (2002)
Guinea-Bissau Senegal 19.6%, Portugal 19.1%, India 15.3%, Taiwan 5.1% (2002)
Guyana US 23.7%, Netherlands Antilles 20.2%, Trinidad and Tobago 15.2%, Italy 6.3%, UK 5.1%, Cuba 4.2% (2002)
Haiti US 53.4%, Dominican Republic 5.3%, Colombia 3.4% (2002)
Honduras US 55.3%, El Salvador 4.3%, Mexico 4.2% (2002)
Hong Kong China 37.5%, Japan 12.2%, Taiwan 7.3%, US 6.2%, Singapore 5.3%, South Korea 5% (2002)
Hungary Germany 25.3%, Austria 7.7%, Italy 7.5%, Russia 6%, China 5%, France 5% (2002)
Iceland US 10.9%, Germany 10.7%, Denmark 8.5%, Norway 8%, UK 7.5%, Netherlands 6%, Sweden 5.9% (2002)
India US 7.1%, Belgium 6.7%, China 4.6%, Singapore 4.6%, UK 4.6% (2002)
Indonesia Japan 14.1%, Singapore 13.1%, US 8.5%, China 7.8%, South Korea 5.3%, Taiwan 5.1%, Australia 5.1% (2002)
Iran Germany 10.9%, Italy 9%, France 7.9%, China 7.4%, South Korea 6.5%, UAE 4.4%, Japan 4.1%, Russia 4% (2002)
Iraq Jordan 11%, France 8.8%, China 8.4%, Germany 7.6%, Russia 7.3%, Australia 7.2%, Vietnam 6.6%, Italy 6.4%, Japan 5.6% (2002)
Ireland UK 41.1%, US 15.3%, Germany 6.8% (2002)
Israel US 21.6%, Belgium 8.9%, Germany 6.7%, UK 6.6%, Switzerland 4.9%, Italy 4.5% (2002)
Italy Germany 17.8%, France 11.3%, Netherlands 5.9%, UK 5%, US 4.9%, Spain 4.6%, Belgium 4.4% (2002)
Jamaica US 45%, Trinidad and Tobago 11%, Japan 4.7% (2002)
Japan China 18.3%, US 17.4%, South Korea 4.6%, Indonesia 4.2%, Australia 4.1% (2002)
Jersey UK
Jordan Iraq 13.4%, Germany 8.8%, US 8%, China 6%, France 4.2%, UK 4.1%, Italy 4.1% (2002)
Kazakhstan Russia 37.1%, US 9.3%, China 9.3%, Germany 9.1% (2002)
Kenya UAE 12%, Saudi Arabia 8.7%, US 8.1%, UK 7.1%, South Africa 7.1%, France 5.8%, China 5.5%, Japan 5%, India 4.8% (2002)
Kiribati France 28.7%, Australia 26.3%, Fiji 12.5%, Japan 9.5%, Latvia 5.4%, US 4.6%, New Zealand 4% (2002)
Korea, North China 24.9%, Brazil 12.1%, India 9.2%, Thailand 9.2%, Germany 7.8%, Japan 7.1%, Singapore 4.5%, Qatar 4% (2002)
Korea, South Japan 19.6%, US 15.2%, China 11.4%, Saudi Arabia 5% (2002)
Kuwait US 13.1%, Japan 11.1%, Germany 9.7%, Saudi Arabia 6.6%, UK 6%, Italy 5.4%, France 5.2% (2002)
Kyrgyzstan Kazakhstan 21.1%, Russia 19.9%, Uzbekistan 10.2%, China 10.1%, US 8.1%, Germany 5.3% (2002)
Laos Thailand 58.9%, Vietnam 12.3%, China 7.9% (2002)
Latvia Germany 17.9%, Russia 15.1%, Finland 6.6%, Lithuania 6.4%, Sweden 5.5%, Italy 4.8%, Estonia 4.8% (2002)
Lebanon Italy 11.3%, France 10.7%, Germany 8.4%, US 5.6%, Syria 5.4%, China 4.8%, Belgium 4.5%, UK 4.2% (2002)
Lesotho Hong Kong 51.9%, China 25%, France 3.9% (2002)
Liberia South Korea 30.3%, Japan 19.1%, Germany 15.6%, France 9.1%, Singapore 7.9% (2002)
Libya Italy 25.6%, Germany 9.8%, South Korea 6.6%, UK 6.6%, Tunisia 6.5%, Japan 6.4%, France 5.7% (2002)
Liechtenstein EU, Switzerland
Lithuania Russia 24.1%, Germany 20.3%, Italy 5.9%, Poland 4.3% (2002)
Luxembourg Belgium 29.7%, Germany 23%, France 13.2%, Taiwan 6.7%, Netherlands 4.6% (2002)
Macau China 41.7%, Hong Kong 14.5%, Japan 6.7%, Taiwan 6.6%, South Korea 5%, France 4.3%, US 4.1% (2002)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Greece 19.4%, Germany 14.4%, Bulgaria 7.5%, Slovenia 6.9%, Italy 6.9%, Turkey 5.9%, Ukraine 5%, Austria 4.1% (2002)
Madagascar France 17.2%, Iran 11%, Mauritius 10.6%, Bahrain 9.4%, Hong Kong 6.9%, South Africa 5.9%, China 4.1% (2002)
Malawi South Africa 44.4%, Zambia 12.7%, US 5.6%, India 4.2% (2002)
Malaysia Japan 16.9%, Singapore 15.9%, US 15.5%, China 7.3%, South Korea 5%, Taiwan 4.7% (2002)
Maldives Singapore 25.6%, Sri Lanka 15%, UAE 14.5%, India 6.6%, Malaysia 5.7%, Thailand 4% (2002)
Mali Cote d'Ivoire 17.1%, France 13.5%, Senegal 6.5%, Germany 4% (2002)
Malta Italy 18.3%, France 12.1%, South Korea 11.3%, UK 7.5%, Singapore 5.3%, Germany 5.2%, Japan 5%, US 4.6%, Spain 4.2% (2002)
Man, Isle of UK (2000)
Marshall Islands US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China, Philippines (2000)
Martinique France 62%, Venezuela 6%, Germany 4%, Italy 4%, US 3% (2000)
Mauritania France 18.5%, Belgium 7.8%, China 7%, Spain 5.9%, Germany 5.2% (2002)
Mauritius France 18.4%, South Africa 13.5%, India 7.8%, China 4.5%, UK 4.2% (2002)
Mayotte France 66%, Africa 14%, Southeast Asia 11% (2000 est.)
Mexico US 70.6%, Germany 3.5%, Japan 2.7% (2002)
Micronesia, Federated States of US, Australia, Japan (2000)
Moldova Russia 23.9%, Ukraine 13.4%, Germany 12.6%, Italy 8.3%, Romania 8.2% (2002)
Mongolia Russia 32%, China 19.4%, South Korea 12.1%, US 9.1%, Germany 4.7%, Japan 4.3% (2002)
Montserrat US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada
Morocco France 20.9%, Spain 12.6%, Italy 6.3%, Germany 5.5%, US 4.6%, UK 4.1%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2002)
Mozambique South Africa 27.5%, France 8.9%, US 7%, Australia 6.9%, Japan 6%, Malaysia 4% (2002)
Namibia US 50%, EU 31% (2001)
Nauru Australia 59.3%, US 10.1%, Ireland 7.6%, Malaysia 6% (2002)
Nepal India 21.2%, China 13%, UAE 11.1%, Singapore 8.5%, Hong Kong 5.9%, Saudi Arabia 4.9%, Kuwait 4.1% (2002)
Netherlands Germany 17.8%, Belgium 9.7%, US 9.1%, UK 6.9%, France 5.5%, China 5.1%, Japan 4% (2002)
Netherlands Antilles Venezuela 60.8%, Mexico 11.7%, US 9.7% (2002)
New Caledonia France 52.8%, Australia 12.7%, Singapore 9.8% (2002)
New Zealand Australia 22.1%, US 13.6%, Japan 12%, China 8%, Germany 5.2% (2002)
Nicaragua US 23.7%, Costa Rica 10.3%, Venezuela 10.1%, Guatemala 7.8%, Mexico 6.7%, El Salvador 6%, South Korea 4.6% (2002)
Niger France 16.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 14.9%, China 9.8%, Nigeria 7.4%, US 5.2%, Japan 4.6%, India 4.4% (2002)
Nigeria UK 9.6%, US 9.4%, China 9.3%, France 8.7%, Germany 6.8%, South Korea 6.1%, Netherlands 5.2%, Italy 4.7% (2002)
Niue NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)
Norfolk Island Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe
Northern Mariana Islands US, Japan (2000)
Norway Sweden 17.7%, Germany 13.4%, UK 7.8%, Denmark 7.7%, US 5.7%, Netherlands 5.3%, France 4.2%, Italy 4% (2002)
Oman UAE 27.5%, Japan 16.7%, UK 7.4%, US 6.9%, Germany 5% (2002)
Pakistan UAE 11.7%, Saudi Arabia 11.7%, Kuwait 6.7%, US 6.4%, China 6.2%, Japan 6%, Malaysia 4.5%, Germany 4.4% (2002)
Palau US, Guam, Japan, Singapore, Korea (2000)
Panama US 34.3%, Colombia 5.9%, Japan 5.4%, Costa Rica 4.2%, Venezuela 4.2% (2002)
Papua New Guinea Australia 49.3%, Singapore 18.8%, New Zealand 4.4%, Japan 4.2% (2002)
Paraguay Brazil 32.7%, Argentina 22.7%, US 18.1%, Hong Kong 4.7% (2002)
Peru US 26.1%, Chile 7.9%, Spain 5.1%, Colombia 5%, Brazil 4.7%, Venezuela 4.7%, Argentina 4.3% (2002)
Philippines Japan 21.6%, US 18.6%, Singapore 7.8%, South Korea 7.5%, China 5.2%, Hong Kong 4.5%, Taiwan 4.1% (2002)
Pitcairn Islands NA (2000)
Poland Germany 29.9%, Italy 8.1%, Russia 7.4%, France 7.2%, Netherlands 5.3% (2002)
Portugal Spain 28.1%, Germany 15%, France 10.2%, Italy 6.5%, UK 5.2%, Netherlands 4.5% (2002)
Puerto Rico US 53.5%, Ireland 16.3%, Japan 4.5% (2001)
Qatar France 17.8%, Japan 10.1%, US 8.5%, UK 8.3%, Germany 8%, Italy 6.7%, UAE 5.1%, Saudi Arabia 4.1%, South Korea 4% (2002)
Reunion France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (2000)
Romania Italy 20.2%, Germany 18.1%, France 6.6%, Russia 5.6%, Austria 4.9%, Hungary 4.1% (2002)
Russia Germany 14.3%, Belarus 8.9%, Ukraine 7.1%, US 6.4%, China 5.2%, Italy 4.8%, Kazakhstan 4.3%, France 4.1% (2002)
Rwanda Kenya 21.8%, Germany 8.4%, Belgium 7.9%, Israel 4.3% (2002)
Saint Helena UK 47.6%, Tanzania 14.6%, Italy 12.1%, South Africa 10.9%, US 5.3% (2002)
Saint Kitts and Nevis US 41.6%, Trinidad and Tobago 16.2%, Canada 9.8%, UK 6.9%, Japan 4% (2002)
Saint Lucia Brazil 41.7%, US 21.4%, Trinidad and Tobago 11.9% (2002)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Zambia 61.5%, France 21.8%, Canada 13% (2002)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines France 32.7%, US 11.3%, Trinidad and Tobago 10.4%, Singapore 10.1%, Spain 7.9%, Greece 4.3% (2002)
Samoa New Zealand 23.3%, Fiji 20.2%, Australia 15.7%, Japan 13.1%, Taiwan 6.4%, US 4.2% (2002)
Sao Tome and Principe Portugal 51.4%, Germany 10.1%, UK 7.6%, Belgium 6.3% (2002)
Saudi Arabia US 11.2%, Japan 8.8%, Germany 7.6%, UK 4.9%, France 4.9%, Italy 4.1% (2002)
Senegal France 25.6%, Nigeria 8.7%, Thailand 7.2%, US 5.4%, Germany 5.4%, Italy 4.5%, Spain 4% (2002)
Serbia and Montenegro Germany 19.4%, Italy 18%, Austria 8.5%, Slovenia 5.6%, Greece 4.4%, France 4.3%, Bulgaria 4.2%, Romania 4.1% (2002)
Seychelles Saudi Arabia 15.6%, France 12.8%, Spain 9.9%, Italy 9.7%, South Africa 8.4%, Singapore 7.3%, UK 6.1%, Taiwan 4.2% (2002)
Sierra Leone Germany 25%, UK 10.9%, Netherlands 7.5%, US 5.7%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.9%, Italy 4.3% (2002)
Singapore Malaysia 18.2%, US 14.3%, Japan 12.5%, China 7.6%, Thailand 4.6%, Taiwan 4.6% (2002)
Slovakia Germany 24.8%, Czech Republic 16%, Russia 13.5%, Austria 7%, Italy 6.4%, France 4% (2002)
Slovenia Germany 20%, Italy 19%, Austria 11.3%, France 10.5% (2002)
Solomon Islands Australia 31.3%, Singapore 19.7%, New Zealand 5.1%, Fiji 4.6%, Papua New Guinea 4.5% (2002)
Somalia Djibouti 29.8%, Kenya 13.6%, Brazil 10.5%, Thailand 4.7%, UK 4.4%, UAE 4.3% (2002)
South Africa Germany 15.4%, US 9.4%, UK 9%, Saudi Arabia 6.9%, Japan 5.8%, France 5%, China 4.9%, Iran 4.1% (2002)
Spain France 17%, Germany 16.5%, Italy 8.6%, UK 6.4%, Netherlands 4.8% (2002)
Sri Lanka India 11%, Hong Kong 7.6%, Singapore 7.1%, China 6.3%, Taiwan 5.9%, South Korea 5.7%, Japan 5.3%, Iran 4.2% (2002)
Sudan China 19.7%, Saudi Arabia 7.4%, Germany 5.5%, India 5.5%, UK 5.4%, Indonesia 4.7%, Australia 4% (2002)
Suriname US 22.2%, Netherlands 15.6%, China 11.9%, Trinidad and Tobago 11.2%, France 7.5%, Netherlands Antilles 7.2%, Japan 5.7% (2002)
Swaziland South Africa 88.8%, EU 5.6%, Japan 0.6%, Singapore 0.4% (1999)
Sweden Germany 18.5%, Denmark 8.8%, UK 8.6%, Norway 8.2%, Netherlands 6.7%, France 5.4%, Finland 5.2%, US 5% (2002)
Switzerland Germany 27.4%, France 11.4%, Italy 9.7%, US 8.5%, Russia 5.8%, UK 5.4%, Austria 4.6%, Netherlands 4.1% (2002)
Syria Italy 8.3%, Germany 7.4%, China 5.7%, South Korea 4.8%, France 4.6%, US 4.4%, Turkey 4.1% (2002)
Taiwan Japan 24.3%, US 16.1%, China 7.1%, South Korea 6.9% (2002)
Tajikistan Russia 22.7%, Uzbekistan 18.4%, Ukraine 11.2%, Kazakhstan 10%, Turkmenistan 6.5%, Azerbaijan 5.7%, India 4.4% (2002)
Tanzania South Africa 12.7%, China 7.9%, Kenya 6.6%, India 6.3%, UK 6%, Japan 4.5%, US 4%, Australia 4% (2002)
Thailand Japan 23%, US 9.6%, China 7.6%, Malaysia 5.6%, Singapore 4.5%, Taiwan 4.4% (2002)
Togo France 21.3%, China 17%, Netherlands 6.5%, Germany 5.3%, UK 4.8%, Italy 4.4% (2002)
Tokelau NZ (2000)
Tonga New Zealand 30.8%, Fiji 20.7%, US 14.2%, Australia 13.2%, China 6.1% (2002)
Trinidad and Tobago US 42%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.5%, UK 5%, Japan 4.5%, Brazil 4.3% (2002)
Tunisia France 25.6%, Italy 19.5%, Germany 8.9%, Spain 5% (2002)
Turkey Germany 13.7%, Italy 8.1%, Russia 7.6%, US 6%, France 5.9%, UK 4.8%, Switzerland 4.1% (2002)
Turkmenistan Russia 19.8%, Turkey 12.8%, Ukraine 11.7%, UAE 10%, US 7.5%, China 6%, Germany 5.7%, Iran 4.4% (2002)
Turks and Caicos Islands US, UK
Tuvalu Hungary 68.2%, Japan 12.9%, Fiji 11.9% (2002)
Uganda Kenya 45.3%, South Africa 6.8%, India 5.7%, UK 5.5% (2002)
Ukraine Russia 32.3%, Germany 11.7%, Turkmenistan 7.4%, Poland 6%, Italy 4% (2002)
United Arab Emirates US 8.1%, China 7.8%, Japan 6.6%, Germany 6.5%, India 5.7%, France 5.6%, UK 5.4%, South Korea 5.1%, Iran 4.2% (2002)
United Kingdom Germany 12.9%, US 11.9%, France 7.8%, Netherlands 6.3%, Belgium 5%, Italy 4.4% (2002)
United States Canada 17.8%, Mexico 11.3%, China 11.1%, Japan 10.4%, Germany 5.3% (2002)
Uruguay Argentina 25.6%, Brazil 22.7%, US 7.7%, Venezuela 6.2% (2002)
Uzbekistan Russia 22.6%, Germany 9.8%, South Korea 9.4%, Kazakhstan 8.1%, US 6.9%, Ukraine 6.8%, China 5.2%, Turkey 4.6% (2002)
Vanuatu Australia 22.1%, Japan 19.2%, New Zealand 10.1%, Singapore 8.1%, Fiji 6.6%, Taiwan 5%, India 5% (2002)
Venezuela US 27.5%, Colombia 6.9%, Brazil 5.7%, Mexico 4.4% (2002)
Vietnam South Korea 12.7%, China 12.2%, Japan 12.1%, Singapore 11.8%, Taiwan 10.6%, Thailand 5.4% (2002)
Virgin Islands US, Puerto Rico
Wallis and Futuna France 97%, Australia 2%, New Zealand 1%
West Bank Israel, Jordan, Gaza Strip (2000)
Western Sahara Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2000)
World US 11.2%, Germany 9.2%, China 7%, Japan 6.8%, France 4.7%, UK 4% (2002)
Yemen US 10.4%, Saudi Arabia 9.5%, China 8.7%, UAE 6.9%, Russia 5.8%, France 4.7% (2002)
Zambia South Africa 64.4%, US 3.7%, China 3.6% (2002)
Zimbabwe South Africa 47.7%, Congo, Democratic Republic of the 5.7%, Mozambique 5.3% (2002)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
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@2062 Economic aid - donor
Australia ODA, $894 million (FY 99/00)
Austria ODA, $410 million (2000)
Belgium ODA, $764 million (1997)
Canada ODA, $1.3 billion (1999)
Denmark ODA, $1.63 billion (1999)
Finland ODA, $379 million (2001)
France ODA, $6.3 billion (1997)
Germany ODA, $5.6 billion (1998)
Iceland $NA
Ireland ODA, $283 million (2001)
Italy ODA, $1 billion (2002 est.)
Japan ODA, $9.1 billion (1999)
Korea, South ODA $200 million
Lesotho ODA $4.4 million
Luxembourg ODA, $160 million (1999)
Netherlands ODA, $3.5 billion (2000 est.)
New Zealand ODA, $99.7 million
Norway ODA, $1.4 billion (1998)
Portugal ODA, $271 million (1995)
Saudi Arabia pledged $100 million in 1993 to fund reconstruction of Lebanon; since 2000, Saudi Arabia has committed $307 million for assistance to the Palestinians; pledged $240 million to development in Afghanistan
Spain ODA, $1.33 billion (1999)
Sweden ODA, $1.7 billion (1997)
Switzerland ODA, $1.1 billion (1995)
United Arab Emirates $NA
United Kingdom ODA, $4.5 billion (2000)
United States ODA, $6.9 billion (1997)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
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@2063 Constitution
Afghanistan the Bonn Agreement called for a Loya Jirga (Grand Council) to be convened within 18 months of the establishment of the Transitional Authority to draft a new constitution for the country; the basis for the next constitution is the 1964 Constitution, according to the Bonn Agreement
Albania a constitution was adopted by popular referendum on 28 November 1998; note - the opposition Democratic Party boycotted the vote
Algeria 19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996
American Samoa ratified 1966, in effect 1967
Andorra Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; approved by referendum 14 March 1993; came into force 4 May 1993
Angola 11 November 1975; revised 7 January 1978, 11 August 1980, 6 March 1991, and 26 August 1992
Anguilla Anguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990
Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981
Argentina 1 May 1853; revised August 1994
Armenia adopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995
Aruba 1 January 1986
Australia 9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901
Austria 1920; revised 1929 (reinstated 1 May 1945)
Azerbaijan adopted 12 November 1995
Bahamas, The 10 July 1973
Bahrain adopted late December 2000; Bahrani voters approved on 13-14 February 2001 a referendum on legislative changes (revised constitution calls for a partially elected legislature, a constitutional monarchy, and an independent judiciary)
Bangladesh 4 November 1972, effective 16 December 1972, suspended following coup of 24 March 1982, restored 10 November 1986, amended many times
Barbados 30 November 1966
Belarus 30 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November 1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and became effective 27 November 1996
Belgium 7 February 1831, last revised 14 July 1993; parliament approved a constitutional package creating a federal state
Belize 21 September 1981
Benin December 1990
Bermuda 8 June 1968, amended 1989
Bhutan no written constitution or bill of rights; note - the King commissioned a committee to draft a constitution in 2001, but has yet to be approved
Bolivia 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994
Bosnia and Herzegovina the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December 1995, included a new constitution now in force; note - each of the entities also has its own constitution
Botswana March 1965, effective 30 September 1966
Brazil 5 October 1988
British Virgin Islands 1 June 1977
Brunei 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Bulgaria adopted 12 July 1991
Burkina Faso 2 June 1991 approved by referendum; 11 June 1991 formally adopted
Burma 3 January 1974 (suspended since 18 September 1988); national convention started on 9 January 1993 to draft a new constitution; progress has since been stalled
Burundi 13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural political system; supplanted on 6 June 1998 by a Transitional Constitution which enlarged the National Assembly and created two vice presidents
Cambodia promulgated 21 September 1993
Cameroon 20 May 1972 approved by referendum; 2 June 1972 formally adopted; revised January 1996
Canada 17 April 1982 (Constitution Act); originally, the machinery of the government was set up in the British North America Act of 1867; charter of rights and unwritten customs
Cape Verde new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president, and a further revision in 1999, to create the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)
Cayman Islands 1959, revised 1972 and 1992
Central African Republic passed by referendum 29 December 1994; adopted 7 January 1995
Chad passed by referendum 31 March 1996
Chile 11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981, amended 30 July 1989, 1993, and 1997
China most recent promulgation 4 December 1982
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955
Colombia 5 July 1991
Comoros 23 December 2001 note: a Transitional National Unity Government (GUNT) was formed on 20 January 2002 following the passing of the new constitution; the GUNT governed until the presidential elections on 14 April 2002
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 24 June 1967, amended August 1974, revised 15 February 1978, amended April 1990; transitional constitution promulgated in April 1994; in November 1998, a draft constitution was approved by former President Laurent KABILA but it was not ratified by a national referendum; one outcome of the ongoing inter-Congolese dialogue is to be a new constitution
Congo, Republic of the constitution approved by referendum 20 January 2002
Cook Islands 4 August 1965
Costa Rica 7 November 1949
Cote d'Ivoire 3 November 1960; has been amended numerous times, last time 27 July 1998
Croatia adopted on 22 December 1990
Cuba 24 February 1976, amended July 1992 and June 2002
Cyprus 16 August 1960; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and to better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently; in 1975 Turkish Cypriots created their own constitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus," which was renamed the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" in 1983; a new constitution for the Turkish Cypriot area passed by referendum on 5 May 1985
Czech Republic ratified 16 December 1992; effective 1 January 1993
Denmark 1849 was the original constitution; there was a major overhaul 5 June 1953, allowing for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state
Djibouti multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992
Dominica 3 November 1978
Dominican Republic 28 November 1966
East Timor 22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)
Ecuador 10 August 1998
Egypt 11 September 1971
El Salvador 23 December 1983
Equatorial Guinea approved by national referendum 17 November 1991; amended January 1995
Eritrea the transitional constitution, decreed on 19 May 1993, was replaced by a new constitution adopted on 23 May 1997, but not yet implemented
Estonia adopted 28 June 1992
Ethiopia ratified December 1994; effective 22 August 1995
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Faroe Islands 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Fiji promulgated on 25 July 1990 and amended on 25 July 1997 to allow nonethnic Fijians greater say in government and to make multiparty government mandatory; entered into force 28 July 1998; note - the May 1999 election was the first test of the amended constitution and introduced open voting - not racially prescribed - for the first time at the national level
Finland 1 March 2000
France 28 September 1958, amended concerning election of president in 1962, amended to comply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1996 Amsterdam Treaty, 2000 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws 1993
French Guiana 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
French Polynesia 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Gabon adopted 14 March 1991
Gambia, The 24 April 1970; suspended July 1994; rewritten and approved by national referendum 8 August 1996; reestablished in January 1997
Georgia adopted 17 October 1995
Germany 23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the united German people 3 October 1990
Ghana approved 28 April 1992
Gibraltar 30 May 1969
Greece 11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001
Greenland 5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Grenada 19 December 1973
Guadeloupe 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Guam Organic Act of 1 August 1950
Guatemala 31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; note - suspended 25 May 1993 by former President SERRANO; reinstated 5 June 1993 following ouster of president; amended November 1993
Guernsey unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Guinea 23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)
Guinea-Bissau 16 May 1984, amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26 February 1993, 9 June 1993, and 1996
Guyana 6 October 1980
Haiti approved March 1987; suspended June 1988, with most articles reinstated March 1989; in October 1991, government claimed to be observing the constitution; return to constitutional rule, October 1994
Holy See (Vatican City) Apostolic Constitution of 1967 (effective 1 March 1968)
Honduras 11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995
Hong Kong Basic Law approved in March 1990 by China's National People's Congress is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"
Hungary 18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949, revised 19 April 1972; 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individuals and constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister and also established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997 amendment streamlined the judicial system
Iceland 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944
India 26 January 1950
Indonesia August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959
Iran 2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and eliminate the prime ministership
Iraq in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition
Ireland 29 December 1937; adopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite
Israel no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israeli citizenship law
Italy 1 January 1948
Jamaica 6 August 1962
Japan 3 May 1947
Jersey unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Jordan 8 January 1952
Kazakhstan adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995; first post-independence constitution was adopted 28 January 1993
Kenya 12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1997, and 2001
Kiribati 12 July 1979
Korea, North adopted 1948, completely revised 27 December 1972, revised again in April 1992 and September 1998
Korea, South 17 July 1948
Kuwait approved and promulgated 11 November 1962
Kyrgyzstan adopted 5 May 1993; note - amendment proposed by President AKAYEV and passed in a national referendum on 2 February 2003 significantly expands the powers of the president at the expense of the legislature
Laos promulgated 14 August 1991
Latvia the 1991 Constitutional Law, which supplements the 1922 constitution, provides for basic rights and freedoms
Lebanon 23 May 1926, amended a number of times, most recently Charter of Lebanese National Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of October 1989
Lesotho 2 April 1993
Liberia 6 January 1986
Libya 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977
Liechtenstein 5 October 1921
Lithuania adopted 25 October 1992
Luxembourg 17 October 1868, occasional revisions
Macau Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991 note: in November of 2001, the Macedonian Parliament approved a series of new constitutional amendments strengthening minority rights
Madagascar 19 August 1992 by national referendum
Malawi 18 May 1994
Malaysia 31 August 1957, amended 16 September 1963
Maldives adopted January 1998
Mali adopted 12 January 1992
Malta 1964 constitution substantially amended on 13 December 1974 and again in 1987
Man, Isle of unwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act, 1961, does not embody the Manx Constitution
Marshall Islands 1 May 1979
Martinique 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Mauritania 12 July 1991
Mauritius 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Mayotte 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Mexico 5 February 1917
Micronesia, Federated States of 10 May 1979
Moldova new constitution adopted 28 July 1994; replaces old Soviet constitution of 1979
Monaco 17 December 1962
Mongolia 12 February 1992
Montserrat present constitution came into force 19 December 1989
Morocco 10 March 1972, revised 4 September 1992, amended (to create bicameral legislature) September 1996
Mozambique 30 November 1990
Namibia ratified 9 February 1990; effective 12 March 1990
Nauru 29 January 1968
Nepal 9 November 1990
Netherlands adopted 1814; amended many times, last time 17 February 1983
Netherlands Antilles 29 December 1954, Statute of the Realm of the Netherlands, as amended
New Caledonia 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
New Zealand consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments and The Constitution Act 1986 which is the principal formal charter
Nicaragua 9 January 1987, with reforms in 1995 and 2000
Niger the constitution of January 1993 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and again by referendum on 18 July 1999
Nigeria new constitution adopted May 1999
Niue 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Norfolk Island Norfolk Island Act of 1979
Northern Mariana Islands Covenant Agreement effective 4 November 1986 and the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978
Norway 17 May 1814, modified in 1884
Oman none; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royal decree promulgating a new basic law which, among other things, clarifies the royal succession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers from holding interests in companies doing business with the government, establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civil liberties for Omani citizens
Pakistan 10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored on 31 December 2002 note: selected provisions of the Constitution pertaining to changes President MUSHARRAF made while the Constitution was suspended, remain contested by political opponents
Palau 1 January 1981
Panama 11 October 1972; major reforms adopted 1978, 1983 and 1994
Papua New Guinea 16 September 1975
Paraguay promulgated 20 June 1992
Peru 31 December 1993
Philippines 2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Pitcairn Islands 1838; reformed 1904 with additional reforms in 1940; further refined by the Local Government Ordinance of 1964
Poland 16 October 1997; adopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed by national referendum 23 May 1997
Portugal 25 April 1976, revised 30 October 1982, 1 June 1989, 5 November 1992, and 3 September 1997
Puerto Rico ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July 1952; effective 25 July 1952
Qatar provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution; in the 29 April 2003 referendum, 96.6% of Qatari voters approved the new constitution
Reunion 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Romania 8 December 1991
Russia adopted 12 December 1993
Rwanda on 5 May 1995, the Transitional National Assembly adopted as Fundamental Law the constitution of 18 June 1991, provisions of the 1993 Arusha peace accord, the July 1994 Declaration by the Rwanda Patriotic Front, and the November 1994 multiparty protocol of understanding
Saint Helena 1 January 1989
Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983
Saint Lucia 22 February 1979
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979
Samoa 1 January 1962
San Marino 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution
Sao Tome and Principe approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990
Saudi Arabia governed according to Shari'a (Islamic law); the Basic Law that articulates the government's rights and responsibilities was introduced in 1993
Senegal a new constitution was adopted 7 January 2001
Serbia and Montenegro 4 February 2003
Seychelles 18 June 1993
Sierra Leone 1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times
Singapore 3 June 1959, amended 1965 (based on preindependence State of Singapore Constitution)
Slovakia ratified 1 September 1992, fully effective 1 January 1993; changed in September 1998 to allow direct election of the president; amended February 2001 to allow Slovakia to apply for NATO and EU membership
Slovenia adopted 23 December 1991, effective 23 December 1991
Solomon Islands 7 July 1978
Somalia 25 August 1979, presidential approval 23 September 1979 note: the Transitional National Government formed in August 2000 has a mandate to create a new constitution and hold elections within three years
South Africa 10 December 1996; this new constitution was certified by the Constitutional Court on 4 December 1996, was signed by then President MANDELA on 10 December 1996, and entered into effect on 3 February 1997; it is being implemented in phases
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands adopted 3 October 1985
Spain 6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978
Sri Lanka adopted 16 August 1978
Sudan 12 April 1973, suspended following coup of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of 30 June 1989; new constitution implemented on 30 June 1998 partially suspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR
Suriname ratified 30 September 1987
Swaziland none; constitution of 6 September 1968 was suspended 12 April 1973; a new constitution was promulgated 13 October 1978, but was not formally presented to the people; since then a few more outlines for a constitution have been compiled under the Constitutional Review Commission (CRC), but so far none have been accepted
Sweden 1 January 1975
Switzerland 18 December 1998
Syria 13 March 1973
Taiwan 1 January 1947, amended in 1992, 1994, 1997, and 1999
Tajikistan 6 November 1994
Tanzania 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Thailand new constitution signed by King PHUMIPHON on 11 October 1997
Togo multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Tokelau administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970
Tonga 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967
Trinidad and Tobago 1 August 1976
Tunisia 1 June 1959; amended 12 July 1988
Turkey 7 November 1982
Turkmenistan adopted 18 May 1992
Turks and Caicos Islands introduced 30 August 1976; suspended in 1986; restored and revised 5 March 1988
Tuvalu 1 October 1978
Uganda 8 October 1995; adopted by the interim, 284-member Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution that had been proposed in May 1993; the Constituent Assembly was dissolved upon the promulgation of the constitution in October 1995
Ukraine adopted 28 June 1996
United Arab Emirates 2 December 1971 (made permanent in 1996)
United Kingdom unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
United States 17 September 1787, effective 4 March 1789
Uruguay 27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997
Uzbekistan new constitution adopted 8 December 1992
Vanuatu 30 July 1980
Venezuela 30 December 1999
Vietnam 15 April 1992
Virgin Islands Revised Organic Act of 22 July 1954
Wallis and Futuna 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Yemen 16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001
Zambia 2 August 1991
Zimbabwe 21 December 1979
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
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@2064 Economic aid - recipient
Afghanistan international pledges made by more than 60 countries and international financial institutions at the Tokyo Donors Conference for Afghan reconstruction in January 2002 reached $4.5 billion through 2006, with $1.8 billion allocated for 2002; another $1.7 billion was pledged for 2003.
Albania ODA: $315 million (top donors were Italy, EU, Germany) (2000 est.)
Algeria $162 million (2000 est.)
American Samoa important financial support from the US, more than $40 million in 1994
Andorra none
Angola $383.5 million (1999)
Anguilla $3.5 million (1995)
Antigua and Barbuda $2.3 million (1995)
Argentina $10 billion (2001 est.)
Armenia ODA $170 million (2000)
Aruba $26 million (1995); note - the Netherlands provided a $127 million aid package to Aruba and Suriname in 1996
Azerbaijan ODA, $140 million (2000 est.)
Bahamas, The $9.8 million (1995)
Bahrain $150 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 from each of Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Kuwait (2002)
Bangladesh $1.575 billion (2000 est.)
Barbados $9.1 million (1995)
Belarus $194.3 million (1995)
Belize $NA
Benin $342.6 million (2000)
Bermuda $NA
Bhutan substantial aid from India and other nations
Bolivia $588 million (1997)
Bosnia and Herzegovina $650 million (2001 est.)
Botswana $73 million (1995)
Brazil $30 billion IMF disbursement (2002)
British Virgin Islands NA%
Brunei $4.3 million (1995)
Bulgaria $300 million (2000 est.)
Burkina Faso $484.1 million (1995)
Burma $99 million (FY98/99)
Burundi $92.7 million (2000)
Cambodia $548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors
Cameroon on 23 January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; total debt relief now amounts to $1.26 billion
Cape Verde $136 million (1999)
Cayman Islands $NA
Central African Republic ODA $73 million; note - traditional budget subsidies from France (2000 est.)
Chad $238.3 million; note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank; ODA $150 million
Chile ODA, $40 million (2001 est.)
China $NA
Christmas Island $NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands $NA
Colombia $NA
Comoros $10 million (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the $195.3 million (1995)
Congo, Republic of the $159.1 million (1995)
Cook Islands $13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish the greater part (1995)
Cote d'Ivoire ODA, $1 billion (1996 est.)
Croatia ODA $66 million (2000)
Cuba $68.2 million (1997 est.)
Cyprus Greek Cypriot area - $17 million (1998);; Turkish Cypriot area - $700 million from Turkey in grants and loans (1990-97), which are usually forgiven (1998)
Czech Republic $108 million; EU structural adjustment funds (2002)
Djibouti $36 million (2001)
Dominica $24.4 million (1995)
Dominican Republic $239.6 million (1995)
East Timor $2.2 billion (1999-2002 est.)
Ecuador $120 million (2001)
Egypt ODA, $2.25 billion (1999)
El Salvador total $252 million; $57 million from US (1999 est.)
Equatorial Guinea $33.8 million (1995)
Eritrea $77 million (1999)
Estonia $108 million (2000)
Ethiopia $308 million (FY00/01)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) none
Faroe Islands $55 million (annual subsidy from Denmark)
Fiji $40.3 million (1995)
French Guiana $NA
French Polynesia $367 million (1997)
Gabon $331 million (1995)
Gambia, The $45.4 million (1995)
Gaza Strip $800 million (includes West Bank) (2001 est.)
Georgia ODA $150 million (2000 est.)
Ghana $6.9 billion (1999)
Gibraltar $NA; note - if an agreement between Spain and the UK is reached, could receive 50 million euros from the EU
Greece $5.4 billion from EU
Greenland $380 million subsidy from Denmark
Grenada $8.3 million (1995)
Guadeloupe $NA; note - substantial annual French subsidies
Guam Guam receives large transfer payments from the US Federal Treasury ($143 million in 1997) into which Guamanians pay no income or excise taxes; under the provisions of a special law of Congress, the Guam Treasury, rather than the US Treasury, receives federal income taxes paid by military and civilian Federal employees stationed in Guam
Guatemala $250 million (2000 est.)
Guernsey $NA
Guinea $359.2 million (1998)
Guinea-Bissau $115.4 million (1995)
Guyana $84 million (1995), Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) $253 million (1997)
Haiti $120 million (FY02)
Holy See (Vatican City) none
Honduras $557.8 million (1999)
Hungary ODA $250 million (2000)
India $2.9 billion (FY 98/99)
Indonesia $43 billion from IMF program and other official external financing (1997-2000)
Iran $408 million (2002 est.)
Iraq $327.5 million (1995)
Israel $720 million from US (2001 est.)
Jamaica NA
Jersey none
Jordan ODA, $553 million (2000 est.)
Kazakhstan $610 million in US assistance programs, 1992-2000
Kenya $457 million (1997)
Kiribati $15.5 million largely from UK and Japan (1995)
Korea, North $NA; note - nearly $300 million in food aid alone from US, South Korea, Japan, and EU in 2001 plus much additional aid from the UN and non-governmental organizations
Kuwait NA
Kyrgyzstan $50 million from the US (2001)
Laos $345 million (1999 est.)
Latvia $96.2 million (1995)
Lebanon $3.5 billion (pledges 1997-2001) $4.2 billion in pledges November 2002 Paris II Aid Conference
Lesotho $41.5 million (2000)
Liberia $94 million (1999)
Libya $15 million (2000)
Liechtenstein none
Lithuania $228.5 million (1995)
Macau $NA
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of $150 million (2001 est.)
Madagascar $838 million (1997)
Malawi $540 million (1999)
Maldives $NA
Mali $596.4 million (2001)
Malta $NA
Man, Isle of $NA
Marshall Islands more than $1 billion from the US, 1986-2002
Martinique $NA; note - substantial annual aid from France
Mauritania $220 million (2000)
Mauritius $42 million (1997)
Mayotte $107.7 million; note - extensive French financial assistance (1995)
Mexico $1.166 billion (1995)
Micronesia, Federated States of under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US pledged $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001
Moldova $100 million (2000)
Monaco $NA
Mongolia $208.7 million (1999 est.)
Montserrat Country Policy Plan (2001) is a three-year program for spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance
Morocco $565.6 million (1995)
Mozambique $632.8 million (2001)
Namibia ODA $160 million (2000 est.)
Nauru $2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)
Nepal $424 million (FY 00/01)
Netherlands Antilles IMF provided $61 million in 2000, and the Netherlands continued its support with $40 million
New Caledonia $880 million annual subsidy from France
Nicaragua Substantial foreign support
Niger $341 million (1997)
Nigeria ODA $250 million (1998)
Niue $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)
Norfolk Island $NA
Northern Mariana Islands extensive funding from US
Oman $76.4 million (1995)
Pakistan $2.4 billion (FY01/02)
Palau $155.8 million ; note - the Compact of Free Association with the US, entered into after the end of the UN trusteeship on 1 October 1994, provides Palau with up to $700 million in US aid over 15 years in return for furnishing military facilities
Panama $197.1 million (1995)
Papua New Guinea $400 million (1999 est.)
Paraguay $NA
Peru $895.1 million (1995)
Philippines ODA, $1.1 billion (1998)
Pitcairn Islands $NA
Poland EU structural adjustment funds
Puerto Rico $NA
Qatar $NA
Reunion $NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France
Russia in FY01 from US, $979 million (including $750 million in non-proliferation subsidies); in 2001 from EU, $200 million
Rwanda $372.9 million (1999)
Saint Helena $12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)
Saint Kitts and Nevis $8 million (2001)
Saint Lucia $51.8 million (1995)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon approximately $60 million in annual grants from France
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $47.5 million (1995); note - EU $34.5 million (1998)
Samoa $42.9 million (1995)
San Marino $NA
Sao Tome and Principe $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program
Senegal $362.6 million (2002 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro $2 billion pledged in 2001 (disbursements to follow for several years)
Seychelles $16.4 million (1995)
Sierra Leone $103 million (2001 est.)
Singapore $NA
Slovakia ODA $113 million (2000),; $92 million EU structural adjustment funds (2000 est.)
Slovenia ODA, $62 million (2000 est.)
Solomon Islands $28 million mainly from Japan, Australia, China, and NZ (2001 est.)
Somalia $60 million (1999 est.)
South Africa $487.5 million (2000)
Sri Lanka $577 million (1998)
Sudan $187 million (1997)
Suriname Netherlands provided $37 million for project and program assistance, European Development Fund $4 million, Belgium $2 million (1998)
Svalbard $8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Swaziland $104 million (2001)
Syria $199 million (1997 est.)
Tajikistan $60.7 million from US (2001)
Tanzania $963 million (1997)
Thailand $131.5 million (1998 est.)
Togo ODA $80 million (2000 est.)
Tokelau from New Zealand about $4 million annually
Tonga Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02)
Trinidad and Tobago $24 million (1999 est.)
Tunisia $222.7 million (2000)
Turkey ODA, $300 million (2000)
Turkmenistan $16 million from the US (2001)
Turks and Caicos Islands $4.1 million (1997)
Tuvalu $13 million ; note - major donors are Australia, Japan, and the US (1999 est.)
Uganda $1.4 billion (2000)
Ukraine $637.7 million (1995); IMF Extended Funds Facility $2.2 billion (1998)
Uruguay $NA
Uzbekistan approximately $150 million from the US (2001)
Vanuatu $45.8 million (1995)
Venezuela $74 million (2000)
Vietnam $2.1 billion in credits and grants pledged by international donors for 2000
Virgin Islands $NA
Wallis and Futuna assistance from France
West Bank $800 million (includes Gaza Strip) (2001 est.)
Western Sahara $NA
World official development assistance (ODA) $50 billion
Yemen $2.3 billion to be disbursed 2003-07 (2003-07 disbursements)
Zambia $651 million (2000 est.)
Zimbabwe $178 million (2000 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
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@2065 Currency
Afghanistan afghani (AFA)
Albania lek (ALL)
Algeria Algerian dinar (DZD)
American Samoa US dollar (USD)
Andorra euro (EUR)
Angola kwanza (AOA)
Anguilla East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Argentina Argentine peso (ARS)
Armenia dram (AMD)
Aruba Aruban guilder/florin (AWG)
Australia Australian dollar (AUD)
Austria euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by the financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Azerbaijan Azerbaijani manat (AZM)
Bahamas, The Bahamian dollar (BSD)
Bahrain Bahraini dinar (BHD)
Bangladesh taka (BDT)
Barbados Barbadian dollar (BBD)
Belarus Belarusian ruble (BYB/BYR)
Belgium euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Belize Belizean dollar (BZD)
Benin Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Bermuda Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Bhutan ngultrum (BTN); Indian rupee (INR)
Bolivia boliviano (BOB)
Bosnia and Herzegovina marka (BAM)
Botswana pula (BWP)
Brazil real (BRL)
British Virgin Islands US dollar (USD)
Brunei Bruneian dollar (BND)
Bulgaria lev (BGL)
Burkina Faso Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Burma kyat (MMK)
Burundi Burundi franc (BIF)
Cambodia riel (KHR)
Cameroon Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Canada Canadian dollar (CAD)
Cape Verde Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)
Cayman Islands Caymanian dollar (KYD)
Central African Republic Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Chad Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Chile Chilean peso (CLP)
China yuan (CNY) note:: also referred to as the Renminbi (RMB)
Christmas Island Australian dollar (AUD)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Australian dollar (AUD)
Colombia Colombian peso (COP)
Comoros Comoran franc (KMF)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congolese franc (CDF)
Congo, Republic of the Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Cook Islands New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Costa Rica Costa Rican colon (CRC)
Cote d'Ivoire Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Croatia kuna (HRK)
Cuba Cuban peso (CUP)
Cyprus Greek Cypriot area: Cypriot pound (CYP); Turkish Cypriot area: Turkish lira (TRL)
Czech Republic Czech koruna (CZK)
Denmark Danish krone (DKK)
Djibouti Djiboutian franc (DJF)
Dominica East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Dominican Republic Dominican peso (DOP)
East Timor US dollar (USD)
Ecuador US dollar (USD)
Egypt Egyptian pound (EGP)
El Salvador US dollar (USD)
Equatorial Guinea Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Eritrea nakfa (ERN)
Estonia Estonian kroon (EEK)
Ethiopia birr (ETB)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Falkland pound (FKP)
Faroe Islands Danish krone (DKK)
Fiji Fijian dollar (FJD)
Finland euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
France euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
French Guiana euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)
French Polynesia Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF); note - may adopt the euro in 2003
Gabon Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States
Gambia, The dalasi (GMD)
Gaza Strip new Israeli shekel (ILS)
Georgia lari (GEL)
Germany euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Ghana cedi (GHC)
Gibraltar Gibraltar pound (GIP)
Greece euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Greenland Danish krone (DKK)
Grenada East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Guadeloupe euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)
Guam US dollar (USD)
Guatemala quetzal (GTQ), US dollar (USD), others allowed
Guernsey British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Guernsey pound
Guinea Guinean franc (GNF)
Guinea-Bissau Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States; previously the Guinea-Bissau peso (GWP) was used
Guyana Guyanese dollar (GYD)
Haiti gourde (HTG)
Holy See (Vatican City) euro (EUR)
Honduras lempira (HNL)
Hong Kong Hong Kong dollar (HKD)
Hungary forint (HUF)
Iceland Icelandic krona (ISK)
India Indian rupee (INR)
Indonesia Indonesian rupiah (IDR)
Iran Iranian rial (IRR)
Iraq Iraqi dinar (IQD)
Ireland euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Israel new Israeli shekel (ILS); note - NIS is the currency abbreviation; ILS is the International Organization for Standarization (ISO) code for the NIS
Italy euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Jamaica Jamaican dollar (JMD)
Japan yen (JPY)
Jersey British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Jersey pound
Jordan Jordanian dinar (JOD)
Kazakhstan tenge (KZT)
Kenya Kenyan shilling (KES)
Kiribati Australian dollar (AUD)
Korea, North North Korean won (KPW)
Korea, South South Korean won (KRW)
Kuwait Kuwaiti dinar (KD)
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstani som (KGS)
Laos kip (LAK)
Latvia Latvian lat (LVL)
Lebanon Lebanese pound (LBP)
Lesotho loti (LSL); South African rand (ZAR)
Liberia Liberian dollar (LRD)
Libya Libyan dinar (LYD)
Liechtenstein Swiss franc (CHF)
Lithuania litas (LTL)
Luxembourg euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Macau pataca (MOP)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonian denar (MKD)
Madagascar Malagasy franc (MGF)
Malawi Malawian kwacha (MWK)
Malaysia ringgit (MYR)
Maldives rufiyaa (MVR)
Mali Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Malta Maltese lira (MTL)
Man, Isle of British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Manx pound
Marshall Islands US dollar (USD)
Martinique euro (EUR)
Mauritania ouguiya (MRO)
Mauritius Mauritian rupee (MUR)
Mayotte euro (EUR)
Mexico Mexican peso (MXN)
Micronesia, Federated States of US dollar (USD)
Moldova Moldovan leu (MDL)
Monaco euro (EUR)
Mongolia togrog/tugrik (MNT)
Montserrat East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Morocco Moroccan dirham (MAD)
Mozambique metical (MZM)
Namibia Namibian dollar (NAD); South African rand (ZAR)
Nauru Australian dollar (AUD)
Nepal Nepalese rupee (NPR)
Netherlands euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antillean guilder (ANG)
New Caledonia Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF); note - may adopt the euro in 2003
New Zealand New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Nicaragua gold cordoba (NIO)
Niger Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Nigeria naira (NGN)
Niue New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Norfolk Island Australian dollar (AUD)
Northern Mariana Islands US dollar (USD)
Norway Norwegian krone (NOK)
Oman Omani rial (OMR)
Pakistan Pakistani rupee (PKR)
Palau US dollar (USD)
Panama balboa (PAB); US dollar (USD)
Papua New Guinea kina (PGK)
Paraguay guarani (PYG)
Peru nuevo sol (PEN)
Philippines Philippine peso (PHP)
Pitcairn Islands New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Poland zloty (PLN)
Portugal euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
Puerto Rico US dollar (USD)
Qatar Qatari rial (QAR)
Reunion euro (EUR)
Romania leu (ROL)
Russia Russian ruble (RUR)
Rwanda Rwandan franc (RWF)
Saint Helena Saint Helenian pound (SHP)
Saint Kitts and Nevis East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Saint Lucia East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon euro (EUR)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Samoa tala (SAT)
San Marino euro (EUR)
Sao Tome and Principe dobra (STD)
Saudi Arabia Saudi riyal (SAR)
Senegal Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Serbia and Montenegro new Yugoslav dinar (YUM); note - in Montenegro the euro is legal tender; in Kosovo both the euro and the Yugoslav dinar are legal (2002)
Seychelles Seychelles rupee (SCR)
Sierra Leone leone (SLL)
Singapore Singapore dollar (SGD)
Slovakia Slovak koruna (SKK)
Slovenia tolar (SIT)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands dollar (SBD)
Somalia Somali shilling (SOS)
South Africa rand (ZAR)
Spain euro (EUR) note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by the financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions with the member countries
Sri Lanka Sri Lankan rupee (LKR)
Sudan Sudanese dinar (SDD)
Suriname Surinamese guilder (SRG)
Svalbard Norwegian krone (NOK)
Swaziland lilangeni (SZL)
Sweden Swedish krona (SEK)
Switzerland Swiss franc (CHF)
Syria Syrian pound (SYP)
Taiwan new Taiwan dollar (TWD)
Tajikistan somoni
Tanzania Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Thailand baht (THB)
Togo Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Tokelau New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Tonga pa'anga (TOP)
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD)
Tunisia Tunisian dinar (TND)
Turkey Turkish lira (TRL)
Turkmenistan Turkmen manat (TMM)
Turks and Caicos Islands US dollar (USD)
Tuvalu Australian dollar (AUD); note - there is also a Tuvaluan dollar
Uganda Ugandan shilling (UGX)
Ukraine hryvnia (UAH)
United Arab Emirates Emirati dirham (AED)
United Kingdom British pound (GBP)
United States US dollar (USD)
Uruguay Uruguayan peso (UYU)
Uzbekistan Uzbekistani sum (UZS)
Vanuatu vatu (VUV)
Venezuela bolivar (VEB)
Vietnam dong (VND)
Virgin Islands US dollar (USD)
Wallis and Futuna Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF); note - may adopt the euro in 2003
West Bank new Israeli shekel (ILS); Jordanian dinar (JOD)
Western Sahara Moroccan dirham (MAD)
Yemen Yemeni rial (YER)
Zambia Zambian kwacha (ZMK)
Zimbabwe Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
======================================================================
@2066 Death rate (deaths/1,000 population)
Afghanistan 17.15 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Albania 6.48 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Algeria 5.09 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
American Samoa 4.38 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Andorra 5.74 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Angola 25.83 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Anguilla 5.42 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda 5.64 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Argentina 7.58 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Armenia 10.16 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Aruba 6.38 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Australia 7.31 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Austria 9.69 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Azerbaijan 9.68 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Bahamas, The 8.68 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Bahrain 3.99 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Bangladesh 8.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Barbados 9.02 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Belarus 14.05 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Belgium 10.07 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Belize 6.05 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Benin 13.65 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Bermuda 7.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Bhutan 13.47 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Bolivia 7.91 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 8.21 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Botswana 31 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Brazil 6.13 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
British Virgin Islands 4.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Brunei 3.39 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Bulgaria 14.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Burkina Faso 18.76 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Burma 12.17 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Burundi 17.8 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Cambodia 9.26 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Cameroon 15.3 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Canada 7.61 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Cape Verde 6.86 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Cayman Islands 4.7 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Central African Republic 19.73 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Chad 16.38 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Chile 5.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
China 6.74 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Christmas Island NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Colombia 5.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Comoros 8.86 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 14.87 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 14.2 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Cook Islands NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Costa Rica 4.31 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 18.41 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Croatia 11.25 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Cuba 7.38 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Cyprus 7.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Czech Republic 10.74 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Denmark 10.72 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Djibouti 19.45 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Dominica 6.99 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Dominican Republic 6.88 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
East Timor 6.41 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Ecuador 5.29 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Egypt 5.35 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
El Salvador 6.01 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 12.54 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Eritrea 13.23 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Estonia 13.42 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Ethiopia 20.17 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA deaths/1,000 population
Faroe Islands 8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Fiji 5.7 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Finland 9.82 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
France 9.05 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
French Guiana 4.8 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
French Polynesia 4.53 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Gabon 11.17 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Gambia, The 12.35 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Gaza Strip 4.03 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Georgia 14.71 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Germany 10.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Ghana 10.53 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Gibraltar 8.93 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Greece 9.86 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Greenland 7.66 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Grenada 7.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guadeloupe 6.04 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guam 4.29 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guatemala 6.78 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guernsey 9.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guinea 15.7 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 16.62 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guyana 9.27 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Haiti 13.36 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Honduras 6.44 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Hong Kong 6.19 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Hungary 13 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Iceland 6.95 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
India 8.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Indonesia 6.26 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Iran 5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Iraq 5.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Ireland 7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Israel 6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Italy 10.12 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Jamaica 5.42 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Japan 8.55 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Jersey 9.17 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Jordan 2.62 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Kazakhstan 10.78 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Kenya 16.01 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Kiribati 8.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Korea, North 6.93 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Korea, South 6.03 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Kuwait 2.45 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Laos 12.39 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Latvia 14.7 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Lebanon 6.32 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Lesotho 24.58 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Liberia 17.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Libya 3.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Liechtenstein 6.85 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Lithuania 12.89 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Luxembourg 8.78 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Macau 3.85 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of 7.78 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Madagascar 11.88 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Malawi 22.64 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Malaysia 5.12 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Maldives 7.65 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mali 19.21 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Malta 7.8 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Man, Isle of 11.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Marshall Islands 5.03 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Martinique 6.41 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mauritania 13.04 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mauritius 6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mayotte 8.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mexico 4.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 5.1 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Moldova 12.7 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Monaco 12.82 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mongolia 7.18 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Montserrat 7.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Morocco 5.78 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mozambique 30.04 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Namibia 19.17 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Nauru 7.08 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Nepal 9.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Netherlands 8.66 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
New Caledonia 5.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
New Zealand 7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Nicaragua 4.69 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Niger 21.71 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Nigeria 13.76 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Niue NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Norfolk Island NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands 2.44 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Norway 9.72 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Oman 3.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pakistan 8.79 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Palau 7 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Panama 6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Papua New Guinea 7.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Paraguay 4.64 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Peru 5.69 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Philippines 5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Poland 9.96 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Portugal 10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Puerto Rico 7.68 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Qatar 4.43 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Reunion 5.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Romania 12.25 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Russia 13.99 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Rwanda 21.72 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Saint Helena 6.24 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 8.85 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Saint Lucia 5.24 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 6.74 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6.08 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Samoa 6.41 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
San Marino 7.86 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 7.11 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Saudi Arabia 5.79 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Senegal 10.88 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro 10.62 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Seychelles 6.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sierra Leone 20.66 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Singapore 4.31 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Slovakia 9.22 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Slovenia 10.15 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Solomon Islands 4.12 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Somalia 17.64 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
South Africa 18.42 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Spain 9.48 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sri Lanka 6.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sudan 9.59 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Suriname 6.83 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Svalbard NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Swaziland 21.08 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sweden 10.58 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Switzerland 8.82 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Syria 5.04 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Taiwan 6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Tajikistan 8.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Tanzania 17.38 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Thailand 6.86 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Togo 11.51 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Tokelau NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Tonga 5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 8.71 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Tunisia 5.02 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Turkey 5.95 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Turkmenistan 8.87 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 4.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Tuvalu 7.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Uganda 16.95 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Ukraine 16.39 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates 4.02 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
United Kingdom 10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
United States 8.44 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Uruguay 8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Uzbekistan 7.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Vanuatu 8.13 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Venezuela 4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Vietnam 6.19 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Virgin Islands 5.68 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Wallis and Futuna NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
West Bank 4.16 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Western Sahara NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
World 8.83 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Yemen 9.04 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Zambia 24.3 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Zimbabwe 22.02 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
======================================================================
@2067 Military expenditures - dollar figure
Afghanistan $525.2 million (FY02)
Albania $56.5 million (FY02)
Algeria $1.87 billion (FY99)
Angola $222.7 million (FY02)
Antigua and Barbuda $NA
Argentina $4.3 billion (FY99)
Armenia $135 million (FY01)
Australia $11.39 billion (FY02)
Austria $1.497 billion (FY01/02)
Azerbaijan $121 million (FY99)
Bahamas, The $20 million (FY95/96)
Bahrain $526.2 million (FY01)
Bangladesh $559 million (FY96)
Barbados $NA
Belarus $176.1 million (FY02)
Belgium $3.077 billion (FY01/02)
Belize $7.7 million (FY00/01)
Benin $80.8 million (FY02)
Bermuda $4.028 million (January 2002)
Bhutan $9.3 million (FY02)
Bolivia $147 million (FY99)
Bosnia and Herzegovina $234.3 million (FY02)
Botswana $207.3 million (FY02)
Brazil $13.408 billion (FY99)
Brunei $329.7 million (FY02)
Bulgaria $356 million (FY02)
Burkina Faso $45.83 million (FY02)
Burma $39 million (FY97)
Burundi $42.13 million (FY02)
Cambodia $112 million (FY01 est.)
Cameroon $118.6 million (FY00)
Canada $7.861 billion (FY01/02)
Cape Verde $9.3 million (FY02)
Central African Republic $13.43 million (FY02)
Chad $40.74 million (FY02)
Chile $2.5 billion (FY99)
China $55.91 billion (FY02)
Colombia $3.3 billion (FY01)
Comoros $6 million (FY02)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the $250 million (FY97)
Congo, Republic of the $84 million (FY01)
Costa Rica $69 million (FY99)
Cote d'Ivoire $143.5 million (FY02)
Croatia $520 million (2002 est.)
Cuba $NA
Cyprus $384 million (FY02)
Czech Republic $1,190.2 million (FY01)
Denmark $2.47 billion (FY99/00)
Djibouti $26.53 million (FY02)
Dominica $NA
Dominican Republic $180 million (FY98)
East Timor $4.4 million (FY03)
Ecuador $720 million (FY98)
Egypt $4.04 billion (FY99)
El Salvador $112 million (FY99)
Equatorial Guinea $30 million (FY02)
Eritrea $95.75 million (FY02)
Estonia $155 million (2002 est.)
Ethiopia $800 million (FY00)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $NA
Faroe Islands $NA
Fiji $39.21 million (FY02)
Finland $1.8 billion (FY98/99)
France $46.5 billion (2000)
French Guiana $NA
Gabon $81.9 million (FY02)
Gambia, The $1.2 million (FY02)
Gaza Strip $NA
Georgia $23 million (FY00)
Germany $38.8 billion (2002)
Ghana $36.01 million (FY02)
Greece $6.12 billion (FY99/00 est.)
Grenada $NA
Guatemala $120 million (FY99)
Guinea $154 million (FY02)
Guinea-Bissau $5.6 million (FY02)
Guyana $NA
Haiti $50 million (FY00)
Honduras $35 million (FY99)
Hungary $1.08 billion (2002 est.)
Iceland $0
India $11.52 billion (FY02)
Indonesia $1 billion (FY98)
Iran $9.7 billion (FY00)
Iraq $1.3 billion (FY00)
Ireland $700 million (FY00/01)
Israel $8.97 billion (FY02)
Italy $20.2 billion (2002)
Jamaica $30 million (FY95/96 est.)
Japan $39.52 billion (FY02)
Jordan $757.5 million (FY01)
Kazakhstan $221.8 million (Ministry of Defense expenditures) (FY02)
Kenya $185.2 million (FY02)
Kiribati $NA
Korea, North $5,217.4 million (FY02)
Korea, South $13,094.3 million (FY02)
Kuwait $1,967.3 million (FY01) note: Kuwait is changing its fiscal year; the above figure is for July-March 2001; future budget years will be April-March annually
Kyrgyzstan $19.2 million (FY01)
Laos $55 million (FY98)
Latvia $87 million (FY01)
Lebanon $541 million (2002)
Lesotho $34 million (1999)
Liberia $7.8 million (FY02)
Libya $1.3 billion (FY99)
Lithuania $230.8 million (FY01)
Luxembourg $147.8 million (FY01/02)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of $200 million (FY01/02 est.)
Madagascar $52.3 million (FY02)
Malawi $13.01 million (FY02)
Malaysia $1.69 billion (FY00 est.)
Maldives $34.46 million (FY02)
Mali $419.7 million (FY02)
Malta $60 million (2000 est.)
Marshall Islands $NA
Mauritania $37.11 million (FY02)
Mauritius $9.712 million (FY02)
Mexico $4 billion (FY99)
Moldova $6.4 million (FY02)
Mongolia $23.1 million (FY02)
Morocco $1.4 billion (FY99/00)
Mozambique $35.1 million (2000 est.)
Namibia $73.1 million (FY02)
Nauru $NA
Nepal $57.22 million (FY02)
Netherlands $6.5 billion (FY00/01 est.)
New Caledonia $192.3 million (FY96)
New Zealand $605.7 million (FY02)
Nicaragua $26 million (FY98)
Niger $20.54 million (FY02)
Nigeria $417.9 million (FY02)
Norway $3.113 billion (FY98/99)
Oman $2.424 billion (FY01)
Pakistan $2.964 billion (FY02)
Palau $NA
Panama $128 million (FY99)
Papua New Guinea $40.21 million (FY02)
Paraguay $125 million (FY98)
Peru $1 billion (FY01)
Philippines $995 million (FY98)
Poland $3.5 billion (2002)
Portugal $1.286 billion (FY99/00)
Qatar $723 million (FY00)
Romania $985 million (2002)
Russia $NA
Rwanda $59.57 million (FY02)
Saint Kitts and Nevis $NA
Saint Lucia $NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $NA
Samoa $NA
San Marino $700,000 (FY00/01)
Sao Tome and Principe $400,000 (FY01)
Saudi Arabia $18.3 billion (FY00)
Senegal $68.6 million (FY02)
Serbia and Montenegro $654 million (2002)
Seychelles $12.8 million (FY02)
Sierra Leone $10.26 million (FY02)
Singapore $4.47 billion (FY01 est.)
Slovakia $406 million (2002)
Slovenia $370 million (FY00)
Solomon Islands $NA
Somalia $17.1 million (FY02)
South Africa $1.746 billion (FY02)
Spain $8.6 billion (2002)
Sri Lanka $719 million (FY98)
Sudan $581 million (2001 est.)
Suriname $NA
Swaziland $20 million (FY01)
Sweden $4.395 billion (FY01)
Switzerland $2.548 billion (FY01)
Syria $858 million (FY00 est.); note - based on official budget data that may understate actual spending
Taiwan $7.574 billion (FY02)
Tajikistan $35.4 million (FY01)
Tanzania $19.68 million (FY02)
Thailand $1.775 billion (FY00)
Togo $23.72 million (FY02)
Tonga $NA
Trinidad and Tobago $90 million (1999)
Tunisia $356 million (FY99)
Turkey $8.1 billion (2002 est.)
Turkmenistan $90 million (FY99)
Tuvalu $NA
Uganda $124.7 million (FY02)
Ukraine $617.9 million (FY02)
United Arab Emirates $1.6 billion (FY00)
United Kingdom $31.7 billion (2002)
United States $276.7 billion (FY99 est.)
Uruguay $250 million (1999)
Uzbekistan $200 million (FY97)
Vanuatu $NA
Venezuela $934 million (FY99)
Vietnam $650 million (FY98)
West Bank $NA
Western Sahara $NA
World aggregate real expenditure on arms worldwide in 1999 remained at approximately the 1998 level, about three-quarters of a trillion dollars (1999 est.)
Yemen $482.5 million (FY01)
Zambia $33.46 million (FY02)
Zimbabwe $625.1 million (FY02)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
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@2068 Dependent areas
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island
France Bassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa Island, French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, New Caledonia, Tromelin Island, Wallis and Futuna note: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica
Netherlands Aruba, Netherlands Antilles
New Zealand Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau
Norway Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
United Kingdom Anguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Jersey, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands
United States American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island note: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, but recently entered into a new political relationship with all four political units: the Northern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union with the US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994); the Federated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US (effective 21 October 1986)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
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@2070 Disputes - international
Afghanistan thousands of Afghan refugees still reside in Iran and Pakistan; isolating terrain and close ties among Pashtuns in Pakistan make cross-border activities difficult to control; prolonged regional drought strains water-sharing arrangements for Amu Darya and Helmand River states
Albania the Albanian Government calls for the protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians outside its borders in the Kosovo region of Serbia and Montenegro, and in the northern Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, while continuing to seek regional cooperation; some outside ethnic Albanian groups voice union with Albania
Algeria Libya claims about 32,000 sq km in a dormant dispute still reflected on its maps in southeastern Algeria; armed bandits based in Mali attack southern Algerian towns; border with Morocco remains closed over mutual claims of harboring militants, arms smuggling; Algeria supports the exiled Sahrawi Polisario Front and rejects Moroccan administration of Western Sahara
American Samoa none
Andorra none; border is undemarcated in sections but is not in dispute (a few French farmers still remain upset about the transfer of 35 hectares of land to Andorra)
Angola gives shelter to thousands of refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo while thousands of Angolan refugees still remain in neighboring states as a consequence of the protracted civil wars in both states
Anguilla none
Antarctica Antarctic Treaty freezes claims (see Antarctic Treaty Summary in Government type entry); sections (some overlapping) claimed by Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and UK; the US and most other states do not recognize the territorial claims of other states and have made no claims themselves (the US and Russia reserve the right to do so); no claims have been made in the sector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west; several states with land claims in Antarctica have expressed their intention to submit data to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf to extend their continental shelf claims to adjoining undersea ridges
Antigua and Barbuda none
Arctic Ocean some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Argentina claims UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution, but in 1995 ceded the right to settle the dispute by force; Beagle Channel islands dispute resolved through Papal mediation in 1984, but armed incidents persist since 1992 oil discovery; territorial claim in Antarctica partially overlaps UK and Chilean claims (see Antarctic disputes); unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and drug trafficking, and harbors Islamist militants; uncontested dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question
Armenia Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and militarily occupies 16% of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; border with Turkey remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh dispute; traditional demands regarding former Armenian lands in Turkey have subsided; ethnic Armenian groups in Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy, closer ties with Armenia
Aruba none
Ashmore and Cartier Islands nationalist group in Indonesia reportedly seeks to populate reefs to assert claims; Australia has moved to close reefs to Indonesian traditional fishing and to create a national park while prospecting for hydrocarbons in the vicinity
Atlantic Ocean some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Australia maritime delimitation and resource sharing agreements signed with East Timor resolve dispute over "Timor Gap" hydrocarbon reserves; no agreement reached on dividing Timor Sea with Indonesia (see Ashmore and Cartier Islands disputes); Australia asserts a territorial claim to Antarctica and to its continental shelf (see Antarctica)
Austria minor disputes with Czech Republic and Slovenia continue over nuclear power plants and post-World War II treatment of German-speaking minorities
Azerbaijan Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in Nagorno-Karabakh and militarily occupies about one-sixth of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratify Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on an even one-fifth allocation and challenges Azerbaijan's hydrocarbon exploration in disputed waters; ICJ decision expected to resolve dispute with Turkmenistan over sovereignty of certain Caspian oilfields
Bahamas, The have not been able to agree on a maritime boundary with the US
Bahrain none
Baker Island none
Bangladesh discussions with India remain stalled to delimit a small section of river boundary, demarcate and fence the porous land boundary, exchange 162 miniscule enclaves, allocate divided villages, and stop illegal cross-border trade and violence; Bangladesh protests India's attempts to fence off high-traffic sections of the porous boundary; dispute with India over New Moore/South Talpatty Island in the Bay of Bengal prevents maritime boundary delimitation; Burmese Muslim refugees strain Bangladesh's meager resources
Barbados none
Bassas da India claimed by Madagascar
Belarus 1997 boundary treaty with Ukraine remains unratified over unresolved financial claims, preventing demarcation and encouraging illegal border crossing; boundaries with Latvia and Lithuania remain undemarcated despite European Union financial support
Belgium none
Belize Guatemala has claimed half of southern Belize; Guatemalan squatters continue to settle along the border despite a 2000 agreement; OAS brokered a Differendum in 2002 that created a small adjustment to land boundary, a large Guatemalan maritime corridor in the Caribbean, a joint ecological park for disputed Sapodilla Cays, and a substantial US-UK financial package, but agreement was not brought to a popular referendum
Benin two villages are in dispute along the border with Burkina Faso; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria, remains undemarcated, but states accept 2001 arbitration over disputed Niger River islands; several villages along the Okpara River are in dispute with Nigeria; in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved the boundary stones - joint commission presently resurveying the boundary
Bermuda none
Bhutan approximately 100,000 Bhutanese refugees living in Nepal, 90% of whom reside in seven UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees camps, place decades-long strains on Nepal
Bolivia continues to press Chile and Peru to restore the Atacama corridor ceded to Chile in 1884; Chile demands water rights to Bolivia's Rio Lauca and Silala Spring
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia and Montenegro have delimited about half of their boundary, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute; discussions continue with Croatia on problem sections of the Una River and villages at the base of Mount Pljesevica
Botswana established a commission with Namibia to resolve small residual disputes along the Caprivi Strip, including the Situngu marshlands along the Linyanti River; downstream Botswana residents protest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavango hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls; dormant dispute remains where Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe boundaries converge
Bouvet Island none
Brazil unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and drug trafficking, and harbors Islamist militants; uncontested dispute with Uruguay over certain islands in the Quarai/Cuareim and Invernada boundary streams and the resulting tripoint with Argentina
British Indian Ocean Territory Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction in 1965; repatriation is complicated by the US military lease of Diego Garcia, the largest island in the chain
British Virgin Islands none
Brunei Involved in dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension but which fell short of a legally binding "code of conduct"
Bulgaria joint boundary commission is rectifying boundary with Romania based on shifts in Danube since last delimitation in 1920
Burkina Faso two villages are in dispute along the border with Benin; Burkina Faso border regions have become a staging area for Liberia and Cote d'Ivoire rebels and an asylum for refugees caught in regional fighting; the Ivorian Government accuses Burkina Faso of supporting Ivorian rebels
Burma despite continuing border committee talks, significant differences remain with Thailand over boundary alignment and the handling of ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities
Burundi Tutsi, Hutu, and other conflicting ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces continue fighting in the Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda to gain control over populated and natural resource areas; government heads pledge to end conflict, but localized violence continues despite UN peacekeeping efforts
Cambodia completed boundary demarcation with Thailand; accuses Vietnam of moving and destroying boundary markers and encroachments, initiating border incidents; accuses Thailand of preventing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; maritime boundary with Vietnam hampered by dispute over offshore islands
Cameroon ICJ ruled in 2002 on the Cameroon-Nigeria land and maritime boundary by awarding the potentially petroleum-rich Bakassi Peninsula and offshore region to Cameroon; Nigeria rejected cession of the peninsula, but the parties have formed a Joint Border Commission to resolve differences bilaterally and have commenced with demarcation in less-contested sections of the boundary; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over the lake region, which remains the site of armed clashes among local populations and militias; Nigeria agreed to ratify the treaty and relinquish sovereignty of disputed lands to Cameroon by December 2003
Canada managed maritime boundary disputes with the US at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and around the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; uncontested dispute with Denmark over Hans Island sovereignty in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland
Cape Verde none
Cayman Islands none
Central African Republic internal political instabilities with fighting and violence overlap into Chad and CAR, leaving refugees and rebel groups in both countries; violent ethnic skirmishes persist along the border with Sudan
Chad internal political instabilities with fighting and violence overlap into Chad and Central African Republic, leaving refugees and rebel groups in both countries; Chadian Aozou rebels reside in southern Libya; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over lake region, which remains the site of armed clashes among local populations and militias; Chad rejects Nigerian request to redemarcate boundary, the site of continuing cross-border incidents
Chile Bolivia continues to press Chile and Peru to restore the Atacama corridor ceded to Chile in 1884; dispute with Peru over the economic zone delimited by the maritime boundary; Chile demands water rights to Bolivia's Rio Lauca and Silala Spring; Beagle Channel islands dispute resolved through Papal mediation in 1984, but armed incidents persist since 1992 oil discovery; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims
China involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension but which fell short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; much of the rugged, militarized boundary with India is in dispute, but the two sides have participated in more than 13 rounds of joint working group sessions on this issue; India objects to Pakistan ceding lands to China in 1965 boundary agreement that India believes are part of disputed Kashmir; China, as well as Taiwan, claims Japanese-administered Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) islands; negotiations with Tajikistan resolved the longstanding boundary dispute; China and Kazakhstan have resolved their border dispute and are working to delimit their large open borders to control population migration, illegal activities, and trade; Kyrgyzstan's constitutional court rules that 1,270 sq km ceded to China in 2000 delimitation agreement were legally transferred; certain islands in Yalu and Tumen rivers are in uncontested dispute with North Korea and a section of boundary around Mount Paektu is indefinite - China objects to illegal migration of North Koreans into northern China; China continues to seek a mutually acceptable solution to the disputed alluvial islands with Russia at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri rivers and a small island on the Argun river as part of the 2001 Treaty of Good Neighborliness, Friendship, and Cooperation; boundary agreements signed in 2002 with Tajikistan cedes 1,000 sq km of Pamir Mountain range to China in return for China's relinquishing claims to 28,000 sq km; demarcation of land boundary with Vietnam continues but maritime boundary and joint fishing zone agreement remains unratified; China occupies Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan |
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