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international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Zimbabwe: general assessment: system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests for connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines
domestic: consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile cellular network; Internet connection is available in Harare and planned for all major towns and for some of the smaller ones
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; two international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru)
Taiwan: general assessment: provides telecommunications service for every business and private need
domestic: thoroughly modern; completely digitalized
international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); submarine cables to Japan (Okinawa), Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe (1999)
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@Telephones - main lines in use
Afghanistan: 29,000 (1996)
note: there were 21,000 main lines in service in Kabul in 1998
Albania: 87,000 (1997)
Algeria: 2.3 million (1998)
American Samoa: 13,000 (1997)
Andorra: 32,946 (December 1998)
Angola: 62,000 (1997)
Anguilla: 5,000 (1997)
Antarctica: 0
note: information for US bases only (2001)
Antigua and Barbuda: 28,000 (1996)
Argentina: 7.5 million (1998)
Armenia: 568,000 (1997)
Aruba: 33,000 (1997)
Australia: 9.58 million (1998)
Austria: 4 million (3,600,000 analog main lines plus 400,000 ISDN or Integrated Services Digital Network connections) (1999)
Azerbaijan: 663,000 (1997)
Bahamas, The: 96,000 (1997)
Bahrain: 152,000 (1997)
Bangladesh: 500,000 (2000)
Barbados: 108,000 (1997)
Belarus: 2.313 million (1997)
Belgium: 4.769 million (1997)
Belize: 31,000 (1997)
Benin: 36,000 (1997)
Bermuda: 52,000 (1997)
Bhutan: 6,000 (1997)
Bolivia: 327,600 (1996)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 303,000 (1997)
Botswana: 86,000 (1997)
Brazil: 17.039 million (1997)
British Indian Ocean Territory: NA
British Virgin Islands: 10,000 (1996)
Brunei: 79,000 (1996)
Bulgaria: 3.255 million (2000)
Burkina Faso: 36,000 (1997)
Burma: 250,000 (2000)
Burundi: 16,000 (1997)
Cambodia: 21,800 (mid-1998)
Cameroon: 75,000 (1997)
Canada: 18.5 million (1999)
Cape Verde: 45,644 (2000)
Cayman Islands: 19,000 (1995)
Central African Republic: 10,000 (1997)
Chad: 7,000 (1997)
Chile: 2.603 million (1998)
China: 135 million (2000)
Christmas Island: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: NA (1999)
Colombia: 5,433,565 (December 1997)
Comoros: 6,000 (1997)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 21,000 (1997)
Congo, Republic of the: 22,000 (1997)
Cook Islands: 5,000 (1997)
Costa Rica: 450,000 (1998)
note: 584,000 installed in 1997, but only about 450,000 were in use 1998
Cote d'Ivoire: 219,283 (31 December 1999)
Croatia: 1.488 million (1997)
Cuba: 473,031 (2000)
Cyprus: Greek Cypriot area: 405,000 (1998); Turkish Cypriot area: 83,162 (1998)
Czech Republic: 3.869 million (2000)
Denmark: 4.785 million (1997)
Djibouti: 8,000 (1997)
Dominica: 19,000 (1996)
Dominican Republic: 709,000 (1997)
Ecuador: 899,000 (1997)
Egypt: 3,971,500 (December 1998)
El Salvador: 380,000 (1998)
Equatorial Guinea: 4,000 (1996)
Eritrea: 23,578 (2000)
Estonia: 476,078 (yearend 1998)
Ethiopia: 157,000 (1997)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): NA
Faroe Islands: 24,851 (1999)
Fiji: 72,000 (1997)
Finland: 2.861 million (1997)
France: 34.86 million (yearend 1998)
French Guiana: 47,000 (1997)
French Polynesia: 52,000 (1997)
Gabon: 37,000 (1997)
Gambia, The: 31,900 (2000)
Gaza Strip: 95,729 (total for Gaza Strip and West Bank) (1997)
Georgia: 620,000 (1997)
Germany: 45.2 million (1997)
note: 46.5 million main lines were installed by yearend 1998
Ghana: 200,000 (1998)
Gibraltar: 19,000 (1997)
Greece: 5.431 million (1997)
Greenland: 25,617 (end 1999)
Grenada: 27,000 (1997)
Guadeloupe: 171,000 (1996)
Guam: 84,134 (1998)
Guatemala: 665,061 (June 2000)
Guernsey: 44,000 (1996)
Guinea: 20,000 (1997)
Guinea-Bissau: 8,000 (1997)
Guyana: 70,000 (2000)
Haiti: 60,000 (1997)
Holy See (Vatican City): NA
Honduras: 234,000 (1997)
Hong Kong: 3.839 million (1999)
Hungary: 3.095 million (1997)
Iceland: 168,000 (1997)
India: 27.7 million (October 2000)
Indonesia: 5,588,310 (1998)
Iran: 6.313 million (1997)
Iraq: 675,000 (1997)
Ireland: 1.59 million (2001)
Israel: 2.8 million (1999)
Italy: 25 million (1999)
Jamaica: 353,000 (1996)
Japan: 60.381 million (1997)
Jersey: 65,500 (1997)
Jordan: 403,000 (1997)
Kazakhstan: 1.818 million (1997)
Kenya: 290,000 (1998)
Kiribati: 2,000 (1997)
Korea, North: 1.1 million (1997)
Korea, South: 24 million (1999)
Kuwait: 412,000 (1997)
Kyrgyzstan: 351,000 (1997)
Laos: 25,000 (1997)
Latvia: 748,000 (1997)
Lebanon: 700,000 (1999)
Lesotho: 20,000 (1997)
Liberia: 6,000 (1997)
Libya: 380,000 (1996)
Liechtenstein: 20,000 (1997)
Lithuania: 1.048 million (1997)
Luxembourg: 314,700 (1999)
Macau: 176,837 (2000)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 408,000 (1997)
Madagascar: 43,000 (1997)
Malawi: 37,000 (1997)
Malaysia: 4.5 million (1999)
Maldives: 21,000 (1999)
Mali: 23,000 (1997)
Malta: 187,000 (1997)
Man, Isle of: 51,000 (1999)
Marshall Islands: 3,000 (1996)
Martinique: 170,000 (1997)
Mauritania: 26,000 (2000)
Mauritius: 223,000 (1997)
Mayotte: 9,314 (1997)
Mexico: 9.6 million (1998)
Micronesia, Federated States of: 11,000 (2001)
Moldova: 627,000 (1997)
Monaco: 31,027 (1995)
Mongolia: 104,100 (1999)
Montserrat: 4,000 (1997)
Morocco: 1.391 million (1998)
Mozambique: 65,354 (2000)
Namibia: 100,848 (1997)
Nauru: 2,000 (1996)
Nepal: 236,816 (January 2000)
Netherlands: 9,132,400 (1999)
Netherlands Antilles: 76,000 (1995)
New Caledonia: 47,000 (1997)
New Zealand: 1.84 million (1997)
Nicaragua: 140,000 (1996)
Niger: 16,000 (1997)
Nigeria: 500,000 (2000)
Niue: 376 (1991)
Norfolk Island: 1,087 (1983)
Northern Mariana Islands: 21,000 (1996)
Norway: 2.735 million (1998)
Oman: 201,000 (1997)
Pakistan: 2.861 million (March 1999)
Palau: 1,500 (1988)
Panama: 396,000 (1997)
Papua New Guinea: 47,000 (1996)
Paraguay: 290,475 (2001)
Peru: 1.509 million (1998)
Philippines: 1.9 million (1997)
Pitcairn Islands: 1 (there are 17 telephones on one party line) (1997)
Poland: 8.07 million (1998)
Portugal: 5.3 million (end 1998)
Puerto Rico: 1.322 million (1997)
Qatar: 142,000 (1997)
Reunion: 236,500 (1997)
Romania: 3.777 million (1997)
Russia: 30 million (1998)
Rwanda: 15,000 (1995)
Saint Helena: 2,000 (1997)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: 17,000 (1997)
Saint Lucia: 37,000 (1997)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: 4,000 (1997)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 20,500 (1998)
Samoa: 8,000 (1997)
San Marino: 18,000 (1998)
Sao Tome and Principe: 3,000 (1997)
Saudi Arabia: 3.1 million (1998)
Senegal: 116,000 (1997)
Seychelles: 19,635 (1997)
Sierra Leone: 17,000 (1997)
Singapore: 1.928 million (November 2000)
Slovakia: 1,934,558 (1998)
Slovenia: 722,000 (1997)
Solomon Islands: 8,000 (1997)
Somalia: NA
South Africa: 5.075 million (1999)
Spain: 17.336 million (1999)
Sri Lanka: 494,509 (1998)
Sudan: 400,000 (2000)
Suriname: 64,000 (1997)
Svalbard: NA
Swaziland: 33,500 (2000)
Sweden: 6.017 million (December 1998)
Switzerland: 4.82 million (1998)
Syria: 1.313 million (1997)
Tajikistan: 363,000 (1997)
Tanzania: 127,000 (1998)
Thailand: 5.4 million (1998)
Togo: 25,000 (1997)
Tokelau: NA
Tonga: 8,000 (1996)
Trinidad and Tobago: 243,000 (1997)
Tunisia: 654,000 (1997)
Turkey: 19.5 million (1999)
Turkmenistan: 363,000 (1997)
Turks and Caicos Islands: 3,000 (1994)
Tuvalu: 1,000 (1997)
Uganda: 50,074; however, 80,868 main lines were installed (1998)
Ukraine: 9.45 million (April 1999)
United Arab Emirates: 915,223 (1998)
United Kingdom: 34.878 million (1997)
United States: 194 million (1997)
Uruguay: 850,000 (2000)
Uzbekistan: 1.98 million (1999)
Vanuatu: 4,000 (1996)
Venezuela: 2,600,000.00; however, 3,500,000 were installed (1998)
Vietnam: 2.6 million (2000)
Virgin Islands: 62,000 (1997)
Wallis and Futuna: 1,125 (1994)
West Bank: 95,729 (total for West Bank and Gaza Strip) (1997)
Western Sahara: about 2,000 (1999 est.)
World: NA
Yemen: 291,359 (1999)
Yugoslavia: 2.017 million (1995)
Zambia: 77,935 (in addition there are about 40,000 fixed telephones in wireless local loop connections) (1997)
Zimbabwe: 212,000 (in addition there are about 20,000 fixed telephones in wireless local loop connections) (1997)
Taiwan: 12.49 million (September 2000)
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@Telephones - mobile cellular
Afghanistan: NA
Albania: 3,100 (1999)
Algeria: 33,500 (1999)
American Samoa: 2,550 (1997)
Andorra: 14,117 (December 1998)
Angola: 7,052 (1997)
Anguilla: NA
Antarctica: NA
Antigua and Barbuda: 1,300 (1996)
Argentina: 3 million (December 1999)
Armenia: 6,220 (1997)
Aruba: 3,402 (1997)
Australia: 6.4 million (1998)
Austria: 4.5 million (2000)
Azerbaijan: 40,000 (1997)
Bahamas, The: 6,152 (1997)
Bahrain: 58,543 (1997)
Bangladesh: 283,000 (2000)
Barbados: 8,013 (1997)
Belarus: 8,167 (1997)
Belgium: 974,494 (1997)
Belize: 3,023 (1997)
Benin: 4,295 (1997)
Bermuda: 7,980 (1996)
Bhutan: NA
Bolivia: 116,000 (1997)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 9,000 (1997)
Botswana: NA
Brazil: 4.4 million (1997)
British Virgin Islands: NA
Brunei: 43,524 (1996)
Bulgaria: 596,000 (2000)
Burkina Faso: 1,503 (1997)
Burma: 8,492 (1997)
Burundi: 619 (1997)
Cambodia: 80,000 (2000)
Cameroon: 4,200 (1997)
Canada: 4.207 million (1997)
Cape Verde: 19,729 (1997)
Cayman Islands: 2,534 (1995)
Central African Republic: 570 (1997)
Chad: NA
Chile: 944,225 (1998)
China: 65 million (January 2001)
Christmas Island: 0 (1999)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: 0 (1999)
Colombia: 1,800,229 (December 1998)
Comoros: NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 8,900 (1997)
Congo, Republic of the: 1,000 (1996)
Cook Islands: 0 (1994)
Costa Rica: 143,000 (2000)
Cote d'Ivoire: 322,500 (May 2000)
Croatia: 187,000 (yearend 1998)
Cuba: 2,994 (1997)
Cyprus: Greek Cypriot area: 68,000 (1998); Turkish Cypriot area: 70,000 (1999)
Czech Republic: 4.346 million (2000)
Denmark: 1,444,016 (1997)
Djibouti: 203 (1997)
Dominica: 461 (1996)
Dominican Republic: 130,149 (1997)
Ecuador: 160,061 (1997)
Egypt: 380,000 (1999)
El Salvador: 40,163 (1997)
Equatorial Guinea: NA
Eritrea: NA
Estonia: 475,000 (yearend 2000)
Ethiopia: 4,000 (1999)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): NA
Faroe Islands: 10,761 (1999)
Fiji: 5,200 (1997)
Finland: 2,162,574 (1997)
France: 11.078 million (yearend 1998)
French Guiana: NA
French Polynesia: 5,427 (1997)
Gabon: 9,500 (1997)
Gambia, The: 5,624 (2000)
Gaza Strip: NA
Georgia: 30,000 (1997)
Germany: 15.318 million (April 1999)
Ghana: 30,000 (yearend 1998)
Gibraltar: 1,620 (1997)
Greece: 937,700 (1997)
Greenland: 12,676 (end 1999)
Grenada: 976 (1997)
Guadeloupe: NA
Guam: 55,000 (1998)
Guatemala: 663,296 (September 2000)
Guernsey: 12,000 (1997)
Guinea: 2,868 (1997)
Guinea-Bissau: NA
Guyana: 6,100 (2000)
Haiti: 0 (1995)
Holy See (Vatican City): NA
Honduras: 14,427 (1997)
Hong Kong: 3.7 million (December 1999)
Hungary: 1.269 million (July 1999)
Iceland: 65,746 (1997)
India: 2.93 million (November 2000)
Indonesia: 1.07 million (1998)
Iran: 265,000 (August 1998)
Iraq: NA; service available in northern Iraq (2001)
Ireland: 2 million (2001)
Israel: 2.5 million (1999)
Italy: 20.5 million (1999)
Jamaica: 54,640 (1996)
Japan: 63.88 million (2000)
Jersey: 4,400 (1997)
Jordan: 11,500 (1995)
Kazakhstan: 11,202 (1997)
Kenya: 5,345 (1997)
Kiribati: NA
Korea, North: NA
Korea, South: 27 million (June 2000)
Kuwait: 210,000 (1997)
Kyrgyzstan: NA
Laos: 4,915 (1997)
Latvia: 77,100 (1997)
Lebanon: 580,000 (1999)
Lesotho: 1,262 (1996)
Liberia: 0 (1995)
Libya: NA
Liechtenstein: NA
Lithuania: 297,500 (November 1998)
Luxembourg: 215,741 (2000)
Macau: 120,957 (2000)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 12,362 (1997)
Madagascar: 4,000 (1997)
Malawi: 7,000 (1997)
Malaysia: 2.698 million (1999)
Maldives: 1,290 (1997)
Mali: 2,842 (1997)
Malta: 17,691 (1997)
Man, Isle of: NA
Marshall Islands: 365 (1996)
Martinique: 15,000 (1997)
Mauritania: NA
Mauritius: 37,000 (1997)
Mayotte: 0 (2000)
Mexico: 2.02 million (1998)
Micronesia, Federated States of: NA
Moldova: 2,200 (1997)
Monaco: NA
Mongolia: 110,000 (2001)
Montserrat: 70 (1994)
Morocco: 116,645 (1998)
Mozambique: 18,500 (2000)
Namibia: NA
Nauru: 450 (1994)
Nepal: NA
Netherlands: 4,081,891 (April 1999)
Netherlands Antilles: 13,977 (1996)
New Caledonia: 13,040 (1998)
New Zealand: 588,000 (1998)
Nicaragua: 7,911 (1997)
Niger: 13,000 (1995)
Nigeria: 26,700 (1997)
Niue: 0 (1991)
Norfolk Island: 0 (1983)
Northern Mariana Islands: 1,200 (1995)
Norway: 2,080,408 (1998)
Oman: 59,822 (1997)
Pakistan: 158,000 (1998)
Palau: 0 (1988)
Panama: 17,000 (1997)
Papua New Guinea: 3,053 (1996)
Paraguay: 510,000 (2001)
Peru: 504,995 (1998)
Philippines: 1.959 million (1998)
Poland: 1.78 million (1998)
Portugal: 3,074,194 (1999)
Puerto Rico: 169,265 (1996)
Qatar: 43,476 (1997)
Reunion: 85,000 (1999)
Romania: 645,500 (1999)
Russia: 2.5 million (October 2000)
Rwanda: NA
note: however, Rwanda has mobile cellular service between Kigali and several prefecture capitals (2000)
Saint Helena: 0 (1997)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: 205 (1997)
Saint Lucia: 1,600 (1997)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: 0 (1994)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: NA
Samoa: 1,545 (February 1998)
San Marino: 3,010 (1998)
Sao Tome and Principe: 6,942 (1997)
Saudi Arabia: 1 million
note: in 1998, the government contracted for the installation of 575,000 additional Group Speciale Mobile (GSM) cellular telephone lines over 15 months to raise the total number of subscribers to more than one million; Riyadh planned to further expand the GSM system in 1999 by adding an additional one million lines (1998)
Senegal: 1,149 (1996)
Seychelles: 16,316 (1999)
Sierra Leone: 650 (1999)
Singapore: 2.333 million (November 2000)
Slovakia: 736,662 (April 1999)
Slovenia: 1 million (2000)
Solomon Islands: 658 (1997)
Somalia: NA
South Africa: over 2,000,000 (1999)
Spain: 8.394 million (1999)
Sri Lanka: 228,604 (1999)
Sudan: 20,000 (2000)
Suriname: 4,090 (1997)
Svalbard: NA
Swaziland: 30,000 (2000)
Sweden: 3.835 million (October 1998)
Switzerland: 1.967 million (1999)
Syria: NA
Tajikistan: 2,500 (1997)
Tanzania: 30,000 (1999)
Thailand: 2.3 million (1998)
Togo: 2,995 (1997)
Tokelau: 0 (2001)
Tonga: 302 (1996)
Trinidad and Tobago: 17,411 (1997)
Tunisia: 50,000 (1998)
Turkey: 12.1 million (1999)
Turkmenistan: 4,300 (1998)
Turks and Caicos Islands: 0 (1994)
Tuvalu: 0 (1994)
Uganda: 9,000 (1998)
Ukraine: 236,000 (1998)
United Arab Emirates: 1 million (1999)
United Kingdom: 13 million (yearend 1998)
United States: 69.209 million (1998)
Uruguay: 300,000 (2000)
Uzbekistan: 26,000 (1998)
Vanuatu: 154 (1996)
Venezuela: 2 million (1998)
Vietnam: 730,155 (2000)
Virgin Islands: 2,000 (1992)
Wallis and Futuna: 0 (1994)
West Bank: NA
Western Sahara: 0 (1999)
World: NA
Yemen: 32,042 (2000)
Yugoslavia: 87,000 (1997)
Zambia: 6,000 (1998)
Zimbabwe: 70,000 (1999)
Taiwan: 16 million (September 2000)
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@Television broadcast stations
Afghanistan: at least 10 (one government run central television station in Kabul and regional stations in nine of the 30 provinces; the regional stations operate on a reduced schedule; also, in 1997, there was a station in Mazar-e Sharif reaching four northern Afghanistan provinces) (1998)
Albania: 9 (plus 264 repeaters) (1995)
Algeria: 46 (plus 216 repeaters) (1995)
American Samoa: 1 (1997)
Andorra: 0 (1997)
Angola: 7 (1999)
Anguilla: 1 (1997)
Antarctica: 1 (the US Navy Antarctic Support Group operates a cable system with six channels for the American Forces Antarctic Network-McMurdo)
note: information for US bases only (2000)
Antigua and Barbuda: 2 (1997)
Argentina: 42 (plus 444 repeaters) (1997)
Armenia: 4 (1998)
Aruba: 1 (1997)
Australia: 104 (1997)
Austria: 45 (plus 960 repeaters) (1995)
Azerbaijan: 2 (1997)
Bahamas, The: 1 (1997)
Bahrain: 4 (1997)
Bangladesh: 15 (1999)
Barbados: 1 (plus two cable channels) (1997)
Belarus: 47 (plus 27 repeaters) (1995)
Belgium: 25 (plus 10 repeaters) (1997)
Belize: 2 (1997)
Benin: 2 (one privately-owned) (1997)
Bermuda: 3 (1997)
Bhutan: 0 (1997)
Bolivia: 48 (1997)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 33 (plus 277 repeaters) (September 1995)
Botswana: 0 (1997)
Brazil: 138 (1997)
British Indian Ocean Territory: 1 (1997)
British Virgin Islands: 1 (plus one cable company) (1997)
Brunei: 2 (1997)
Bulgaria: 96 (plus 1,030 repeaters) (1995)
Burkina Faso: 1 (1997)
Burma: 2 (1998)
Burundi: 1 (1999)
Cambodia: 5 (1999)
Cameroon: 1 (1998)
Canada: 80 (plus many repeaters) (1997)
Cape Verde: 1 (1997)
Cayman Islands: NA
Central African Republic: NA
Chad: 1 (1997)
Chile: 63 (plus 121 repeaters) (1997)
China: 3,240 (of which 209 are operated by China Central Television, 31 are provincial TV stations and nearly 3,000 are local city stations) (1997)
Christmas Island: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: 0 (1997)
Colombia: 60 (includes seven low-power stations) (1997)
Comoros: 0 (1998)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 20 (1999)
Congo, Republic of the: 1 (1999)
Cook Islands: 2 (plus eight low-power repeaters) (1997)
Costa Rica: 6 (plus 11 repeaters) (1997)
Cote d'Ivoire: 14 (1999)
Croatia: 36 (plus 321 repeaters) (September 1995)
Cuba: 58 (1997)
Cyprus: Greek Cypriot area: 4 (plus 225 low-power repeaters) (September 1995); Turkish Cypriot area: 4 (plus 5 repeaters) (September 1995)
Czech Republic: 150 (plus 1,434 repeaters) (2000)
Denmark: 26 (plus 51 repeaters) (1998)
Djibouti: 1 (plus 5 low-power repeaters) (1998)
Dominica: 0 (however, there is one cable television company) (1997)
Dominican Republic: 25 (1997)
Ecuador: 15 (including one station on the Galapagos Islands) (1997)
Egypt: 98 (September 1995)
El Salvador: 5 (1997)
Equatorial Guinea: 1 (1997)
Eritrea: 1 (2000)
Estonia: 31 (plus five repeaters) (September 1995)
Ethiopia: 25 (1999)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) (1997)
Faroe Islands: 3 (plus 43 low-power repeaters) (September 1995)
Fiji: NA
Finland: 130 (plus 385 repeaters) (1995)
France: 584 (plus 9,676 repeaters) (1995)
French Guiana: 3 (plus eight low-power repeaters) (1997)
French Polynesia: 7 (plus 17 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Gabon: 4 (plus five low-power repeaters) (1997)
Gambia, The: 1 (government-owned) (1997)
Gaza Strip: 2 (operated by the Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation) (1997)
Georgia: 12 (plus repeaters) (1998)
Germany: 373 (plus 8,042 repeaters) (1995)
Ghana: 11 (1999)
Gibraltar: 1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997)
Greece: 36 (plus 1,341 low-power repeaters); also two stations in the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (1995)
Greenland: 1 publicly-owned station, some local low-power stations, and three AFRTS (US Air Force) stations (1997)
Grenada: 2 (1997)
Guadeloupe: 5 (plus several low-power repeaters) (1997)
Guam: 5 (1997)
Guatemala: 26 (plus 27 repeaters) (1997)
Guernsey: 1 (1997)
Guinea: 6 (1997)
Guinea-Bissau: 2 (1997)
Guyana: 3 (one public station; two private stations which relay US satellite services) (1997)
Haiti: 2 (plus a cable TV service) (1997)
Holy See (Vatican City): 1 (1996)
Honduras: 11 (plus 17 repeaters) (1997)
Hong Kong: 4 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
Hungary: 35 (plus 161 low-power repeaters) (1995)
Iceland: 14 (plus 156 low-power repeaters) (1997)
India: 562 (of which 82 stations have 1 kW or greater power and 480 stations have less than 1 kW of power) (1997)
Indonesia: 41 (1999)
Iran: 28 (plus 450 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Iraq: 13 (1997)
Ireland: 4 (many low-power repeaters) (2001)
Israel: 17 (plus 36 low-power repeaters) (1995)
Italy: 358 (plus 4,728 repeaters) (1995)
Jamaica: 7 (1997)
Japan: 7,108 (plus 441 repeaters; note - in addition, US Forces are served by 3 TV stations and 2 TV cable services) (1999)
Jersey: 1 (1997)
Johnston Atoll: commercial satellite television system, with 16 channels (1997)
Jordan: 20 (plus 96 repeaters) (1995)
Kazakhstan: 12 (plus nine repeaters) (1998)
Kenya: 8 (1997)
Kiribati: 1 (1997)
Korea, North: 38 (1999)
Korea, South: 121 (plus 850 repeater stations and the eight-channel American Forces Korea Network) (1999)
Kuwait: 13 (plus several satellite channels) (1997)
Kyrgyzstan: NA (repeater stations throughout the country relay programs from Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkey) (1997)
Laos: 4 (1999)
Latvia: 44 (plus 31 repeaters) (1995)
Lebanon: 15 (plus 5 repeaters) (1995)
Lesotho: 1 (2000)
Liberia: 2 (plus four low-power repeaters) (2000)
Libya: 12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1998)
Liechtenstein: NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997)
Lithuania: 20 (plus 30 repeaters) (1995)
Luxembourg: 5 (1999)
Macau: 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 31 (plus 166 repeaters) (1995)
Madagascar: 1 (plus 36 repeaters) (1997)
Malawi: 1 (1999)
Malaysia: 27 (plus 15 high-power repeaters) (1999)
Maldives: 1 (1997)
Mali: 1 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
Malta: 6 (2000)
Man, Isle of: 0 (receives broadcasts from the UK and satellite) (1999)
Marshall Islands: 3 (of which two are US military stations) (1997)
Martinique: 11 (plus nine repeaters) (1997)
Mauritania: 1 (1997)
Mauritius: 2 (plus 11 repeaters) (1997)
Mayotte: 3 (1997)
Mexico: 236 (plus repeaters) (1997)
Micronesia, Federated States of: 2 (1997)
Moldova: 1 (plus 30 repeaters) (1995)
Monaco: 5 (1998)
Mongolia: 4 (plus 18 provincial repeaters and many low powered repeaters) (1999)
Montserrat: 1 (1997)
Morocco: 35 (plus 66 repeaters) (1995)
Mozambique: 1 (2000)
Namibia: 8 (plus about 20 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Nauru: 1 (1997)
Nepal: 1 (plus 9 repeaters) (1998)
Netherlands: 21 (plus 26 repeaters) (1995)
Netherlands Antilles: 3 (there is also a cable service which supplies programs received from various US satellite networks and two Venezuelan channels) (1997)
New Caledonia: 6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997)
New Zealand: 41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Nicaragua: 3 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (1997)
Niger: 10 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (1997)
Nigeria: 2 government-controlled; note - in addition, in 1993, 14 licenses to operate private television stations were granted (1999)
Niue: 1 (1997)
Norfolk Island: 1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (1998)
Northern Mariana Islands: 1 (on Saipan and one station planned for Rota; in addition, two cable services on Saipan provide varied programming from satellite networks) (1997)
Norway: 360 (plus 2,729 repeaters) (1995)
Oman: 13 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1999)
Pakistan: 22 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (1997)
Palau: 1 (1997)
Panama: 38 (including repeaters) (1998)
Papua New Guinea: 3 (1997)
Paraguay: 4 (2001)
Peru: 13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997)
Philippines: 31 (1997)
Pitcairn Islands: 0 (1997)
Poland: 179 (plus 256 repeaters) (September 1995)
Portugal: 62 (plus 166 repeaters)
note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands (1995)
Puerto Rico: 18 (plus three stations of the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Service) (1997)
Qatar: 2 (plus three repeaters) (1997)
Reunion: 22 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Romania: 48 (plus 392 repeaters) (1995)
Russia: 7,306 (1998)
Rwanda: 2 (1997)
Saint Helena: 0 (1997)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: 1 (plus three repeaters) (1997)
Saint Lucia: 3 (of which two are commercial stations and one is a community antenna television or CATV channel) (1997)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: 0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 1 (plus three repeaters) (1997)
Samoa: 6 (1997)
San Marino: 1 (San Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy) (1997)
Sao Tome and Principe: 2 (1997)
Saudi Arabia: 117 (1997)
Senegal: 1 (1997)
Seychelles: 2 (plus 9 repeaters) (1997)
Sierra Leone: 2 (1999)
Singapore: 6 (2000)
Slovakia: 38 (plus 864 repeaters) (1995)
Slovenia: 48 (2001)
Solomon Islands: 0 (1997)
Somalia: 1 (1997)
South Africa: 556 (plus 144 network repeaters) (1997)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: 0 (1997)
Spain: 224 (plus 2,105 repeaters)
note: these figures include 11 television broadcast stations and 88 repeaters in the Canary Islands (1995)
Sri Lanka: 21 (1997)
Sudan: 3 (1997)
Suriname: 3 (plus seven repeaters) (2000)
Svalbard: NA
Swaziland: 10 (2000)
Sweden: 169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995)
Switzerland: 115 (plus 1,919 repeaters) (1995)
Syria: 44 (plus 17 repeaters) (1995)
Tajikistan: 0 (there are, however, repeaters that relay programs from Russia, Iran, and Turkey) (1997)
Tanzania: 3 (1999)
Thailand: 5 (all in Bangkok; plus 131 repeaters) (1997)
Togo: 3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
Tokelau: NA
Tonga: 1 (2001)
Trinidad and Tobago: 4 (1997)
Tunisia: 26 (plus 76 repeaters) (1995)
Turkey: 635 (plus 2,934 repeaters) (1995)
Turkmenistan: 3 (much programming relayed from Russia and Turkey) (1997)
Turks and Caicos Islands: 0 (broadcasts from The Bahamas are received; cable television is established) (1997)
Tuvalu: 0 (1997)
Uganda: 8 (plus one low-power repeater) (1999)
Ukraine: at least 33 (plus 21 repeaters that relay broadcasts from Russia) (1997)
United Arab Emirates: 15 (1997)
United Kingdom: 228 (plus 3,523 repeaters) (1995)
United States: more than 1,500 (including nearly 1,000 stations affiliated with the five major networks - NBC, ABC, CBS, FOX, and PBS; in addition, there are about 9,000 cable TV systems) (1997)
Uruguay: 26 (plus ten low-power repeaters for the Montevideo station) (1997)
Uzbekistan: 4 (plus two repeaters that relay Russian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Tadzhik programs) (1997)
Vanuatu: 1 (1997)
Venezuela: 66 (plus 45 repeaters) (1997)
Vietnam: at least 7 (plus 13 repeaters) (1998)
Virgin Islands: 2 (1997)
Wake Island: 0 (1997)
Wallis and Futuna: 2 (2000)
West Bank: NA
Western Sahara: NA
World: NA
Yemen: 7 (plus several low-power repeaters) (1997)
Yugoslavia: more than 771 (including 86 strong stations and 685 low-power stations, plus 20 repeaters in the principal networks; also numerous local or private stations in Serbia and Vojvodina) (1997)
Zambia: 9 (1997)
Zimbabwe: 16 (1997)
Taiwan: 29 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
======================================================================
@Televisions
Afghanistan: 100,000 (1999)
Albania: 405,000 (1997)
Algeria: 3.1 million (1997)
American Samoa: 14,000 (1997)
Andorra: 27,000 (1997)
Angola: 150,000 (1997)
Anguilla: 1,000 (1997)
Antarctica: several hundred at McMurdo Sound
note: information for US bases only (2001)
Antigua and Barbuda: 31,000 (1997)
Argentina: 7.95 million (1997)
Armenia: 825,000 (1997)
Aruba: 20,000 (1997)
Australia: 10.15 million (1997)
Austria: 4.25 million (1997)
Azerbaijan: 170,000 (1997)
Bahamas, The: 67,000 (1997)
Bahrain: 275,000 (1997)
Bangladesh: 770,000 (1997)
Barbados: 76,000 (1997)
Belarus: 2.52 million (1997)
Belgium: 4.72 million (1997)
Belize: 41,000 (1997)
Benin: 60,000 (1997)
Bermuda: 66,000 (1997)
Bhutan: 11,000 (1997)
Bolivia: 900,000 (1997)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: NA
Botswana: 31,000 (1997)
Brazil: 36.5 million (1997)
British Indian Ocean Territory: NA
British Virgin Islands: 4,000 (1997)
Brunei: 201,900 (1998)
Bulgaria: 3.31 million (1997)
Burkina Faso: 100,000 (1997)
Burma: 320,000 (2000)
Burundi: 25,000 (1997)
Cambodia: 94,000 (1997)
Cameroon: 450,000 (1997)
Canada: 21.5 million (1997)
Cape Verde: 2,000 (1997)
Cayman Islands: 7,000 (1997)
Central African Republic: 18,000 (1997)
Chad: 10,000 (1997)
Chile: 3.15 million (1997)
China: 400 million (1997)
Christmas Island: 600 (1997)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: NA
Colombia: 4.59 million (1997)
Comoros: 1,000 (1997)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 6.478 million (1997)
Congo, Republic of the: 33,000 (1997)
Cook Islands: 4,000 (1997)
Costa Rica: 525,000 (1997)
Cote d'Ivoire: 900,000 (1997)
Croatia: 1.22 million (1997)
Cuba: 2.64 million (1997)
Cyprus: Greek Cypriot area: 248,000 (1997); Turkish Cypriot area: 52,300 (1994)
Czech Republic: 3,405,834 (December 2000)
Denmark: 3.121 million (1997)
Djibouti: 28,000 (1997)
Dominica: 6,000 (1997)
Dominican Republic: 770,000 (1997)
Ecuador: 1.55 million (1997)
Egypt: 7.7 million (1997)
El Salvador: 600,000 (1990)
Equatorial Guinea: 4,000 (1997)
Eritrea: 1,000 (1997)
Estonia: 605,000 (1997)
Ethiopia: 320,000 (1997)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): 1,000 (1997)
Faroe Islands: 15,000 (1997)
Fiji: 21,000 (1997)
Finland: 3.2 million (1997)
France: 34.8 million (1997)
French Guiana: 30,000 (1997)
French Polynesia: 40,000 (1997)
Gabon: 63,000 (1997)
Gambia, The: 5,000 (2000)
Gaza Strip: NA; note - most Palestinian households have televisions (1997)
Georgia: 2.57 million (1997)
Germany: 51.4 million (1998)
Ghana: 1.73 million (1997)
Gibraltar: 10,000 (1997)
Greece: 2.54 million (1997)
Greenland: 30,000 (1998 est.)
Grenada: 33,000 (1997)
Guadeloupe: 118,000 (1997)
Guam: 106,000 (1997)
Guatemala: 1.323 million (1997)
Guernsey: NA
Guinea: 85,000 (1997)
Guinea-Bissau: NA
Guyana: 46,000 (1997)
Haiti: 38,000 (1997)
Holy See (Vatican City): NA
Honduras: 570,000 (1997)
Hong Kong: 1.84 million (1997)
Hungary: 4.42 million (1997)
Iceland: 98,000 (1997)
India: 63 million (1997)
Indonesia: 13.75 million (1997)
Iran: 4.61 million (1997)
Iraq: 1.75 million (1997)
Ireland: 1.82 million (2001)
Israel: 1.69 million (1997)
Italy: 30.3 million (1997)
Jamaica: 460,000 (1997)
Japan: 86.5 million (1997)
Jersey: NA
Jordan: 500,000 (1997)
Kazakhstan: 3.88 million (1997)
Kenya: 730,000 (1997)
Kiribati: 1,000 (1997)
Korea, North: 1.2 million (1997)
Korea, South: 15.9 million (1997)
Kuwait: 875,000 (1997)
Kyrgyzstan: 210,000 (1997)
Laos: 52,000 (1997)
Latvia: 1.22 million (1997)
Lebanon: 1.18 million (1997)
Lesotho: 54,000 (1997)
Liberia: 70,000 (1997)
Libya: 730,000 (1997)
Liechtenstein: 12,000 (1997)
Lithuania: 1.7 million (1997)
Luxembourg: 285,000 (1998 est.)
Macau: 49,000 (1997)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 510,000 (1997)
Madagascar: 325,000 (1997)
Malawi: 0 (1999)
Malaysia: 10.8 million (1999)
Maldives: 10,000 (1999)
Mali: 45,000 (1997)
Malta: 280,000 (1997)
Man, Isle of: 27,490 (1999)
Marshall Islands: NA
Martinique: 66,000 (1997)
Mauritania: 87,000 (1998)
Mauritius: 258,000 (1997)
Mayotte: 3,500 (1994)
Mexico: 25.6 million (1997)
Micronesia, Federated States of: NA
Moldova: 1.26 million (1997)
Monaco: 25,000 (1997)
Mongolia: 168,800 (1999)
Montserrat: 3,000 (1997)
Morocco: 3.1 million (1997)
Mozambique: 67,600 (2000)
Namibia: 60,000 (1997)
Nauru: 500 (1997)
Nepal: 130,000 (1997)
Netherlands: 8.1 million (1997)
Netherlands Antilles: 69,000 (1997)
New Caledonia: 52,000 (1997)
New Zealand: 1.926 million (1997)
Nicaragua: 320,000 (1997)
Niger: 125,000 (1997)
Nigeria: 6.9 million (1997)
Niue: NA
Norfolk Island: 1,200 (1996)
Northern Mariana Islands: NA
Norway: 2.03 million (1997)
Oman: 1.6 million (1997)
Pakistan: 3.1 million (1997)
Palau: 11,000 (1997)
Panama: 510,000 (1997)
Papua New Guinea: 42,000 (1997)
Paraguay: 990,000 (2001)
Peru: 3.06 million (1997)
Philippines: 3.7 million (1997)
Pitcairn Islands: NA
Poland: 13.05 million (1997)
Portugal: 3.31 million (1997)
Puerto Rico: 1.021 million (1997)
Qatar: 230,000 (1997)
Reunion: 127,000 (1997)
Romania: 5.25 million (1997)
Russia: 60.5 million (1997)
Rwanda: NA; probably less than 1,000 (1997)
Saint Helena: 2,000 (1997)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: 10,000 (1997)
Saint Lucia: 32,000 (1997)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: 4,000 (1997)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 18,000 (1997)
Samoa: 11,000 (1997)
San Marino: 9,000 (1997)
Sao Tome and Principe: 23,000 (1997)
Saudi Arabia: 5.1 million (1997)
Senegal: 361,000 (1997)
Seychelles: 11,000 (1997)
Sierra Leone: 53,000 (1997)
Singapore: 1.33 million (1997)
Slovakia: 2.62 million (1997)
Slovenia: 710,000 (1997)
Solomon Islands: 3,000 (1997)
Somalia: 135,000 (1997)
South Africa: 5.2 million (1997)
Spain: 16.2 million (1997)
Sri Lanka: 1.53 million (1997)
Sudan: 2.38 million (1997)
Suriname: 63,000 (1997)
Svalbard: NA
Swaziland: 21,000 (1997)
Sweden: 4.6 million (1997)
Switzerland: 3.31 million (1997)
Syria: 1.05 million (1997)
Tajikistan: 860,000 (1991)
Tanzania: 103,000 (1997)
Thailand: 15.19 million (1997)
Togo: 73,000 (1997)
Tokelau: NA
Tonga: 2,000 (1997)
Trinidad and Tobago: 425,000 (1997)
Tunisia: 920,000 (1997)
Turkey: 20.9 million (1997)
Turkmenistan: 820,000 (1997)
Turks and Caicos Islands: NA
Tuvalu: 800
Uganda: 315,000 (1997)
Ukraine: 18.05 million (1997)
United Arab Emirates: 310,000 (1997)
United Kingdom: 30.5 million (1997)
United States: 219 million (1997)
Uruguay: 782,000 (1997)
Uzbekistan: 6.4 million (1997)
Vanuatu: 2,000 (1997)
Venezuela: 4.1 million (1997)
Vietnam: 3.57 million (1997)
Virgin Islands: 68,000 (1997)
Wallis and Futuna: NA
West Bank: NA; note - many Palestinian households have televisions (1999)
Western Sahara: 6,000 (1997)
World: NA
Yemen: 470,000 (1997)
Yugoslavia: 2.75 million (1997)
Zambia: 277,000 (1997)
Zimbabwe: 370,000 (1997)
Taiwan: 8.8 million (1998)
======================================================================
@Terrain
Afghanistan: mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest
Albania: mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast
Algeria: mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
American Samoa: five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island)
Andorra: rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
Angola: narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
Anguilla: flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone
Antarctica: about 98% thick continental ice sheet and 2% barren rock, with average elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 meters; mountain ranges up to 5,140 meters; ice-free coastal areas include parts of southern Victoria Land, Wilkes Land, the Antarctic Peninsula area, and parts of Ross Island on McMurdo Sound; glaciers form ice shelves along about half of the coastline, and floating ice shelves constitute 11% of the area of the continent
Antigua and Barbuda: mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas
Arctic Ocean: central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Argentina: rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border
Armenia: Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley
Aruba: flat with a few hills; scant vegetation
Ashmore and Cartier Islands: low with sand and coral
Atlantic Ocean: surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm-water gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the northern Atlantic, counterclockwise warm-water gyre in the southern Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin
Australia: mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast
Austria: in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping
Azerbaijan: large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea
Bahamas, The: long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills
Bahrain: mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment
Baker Island: low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
Bangladesh: mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast
Barbados: relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region
Bassas da India: volcanic rock
Belarus: generally flat and contains much marshland
Belgium: flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast
Belize: flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south
Benin: mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains
Bermuda: low hills separated by fertile depressions
Bhutan: mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna
Bolivia: rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin
Bosnia and Herzegovina: mountains and valleys
Botswana: predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest
Bouvet Island: volcanic; maximum elevation about 800 m; coast is mostly inaccessible
Brazil: mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt
British Indian Ocean Territory: flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation)
British Virgin Islands: coral islands relatively flat; volcanic islands steep, hilly
Brunei: flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Bulgaria: mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast
Burkina Faso: mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast
Burma: central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands
Burundi: hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains
Cambodia: mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Cameroon: diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north
Canada: mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast
Cape Verde: steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic
Cayman Islands: low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs
Central African Republic: vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest
Chad: broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
Chile: low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east
China: mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east
Christmas Island: steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Clipperton Island: coral atoll
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: flat, low-lying coral atolls
Colombia: flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains
Comoros: volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east
Congo, Republic of the: coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin
Cook Islands: low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south
Coral Sea Islands: sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays)
Costa Rica: coastal plains separated by rugged mountains
Cote d'Ivoire: mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest
Croatia: geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
Cuba: mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast
Cyprus: central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast
Czech Republic: Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country
Denmark: low and flat to gently rolling plains
Djibouti: coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
Dominica: rugged mountains of volcanic origin
Dominican Republic: rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed
Ecuador: coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)
Egypt: vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta
El Salvador: mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau
Equatorial Guinea: coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic
Eritrea: dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains
Estonia: marshy, lowlands
Ethiopia: high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley
Europa Island: low and flat
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Faroe Islands: rugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most of coast
Fiji: mostly mountains of volcanic origin
Finland: mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
France: mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east
French Guiana: low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains
French Polynesia: mixture of rugged high islands and low islands with reefs
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: volcanic
Gabon: narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south
Gambia, The: flood plain of the Gambia river flanked by some low hills
Gaza Strip: flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain
Georgia: largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland
Germany: lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
Ghana: mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area
Gibraltar: a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Glorioso Islands: low and flat
Greece: mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
Greenland: flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast
Grenada: volcanic in origin with central mountains
Guadeloupe: Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grande-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin
Guam: volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coralline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water), with steep coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low-rising hills in center, mountains in south
Guatemala: mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau (Peten)
Guernsey: mostly level with low hills in southwest
Guinea: generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior
Guinea-Bissau: mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east
Guyana: mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south
Haiti: mostly rough and mountainous
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: Heard Island - bleak and mountainous, with a quiescent volcano; McDonald Islands - small and rocky
Holy See (Vatican City): low hill
Honduras: mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains
Hong Kong: hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north
Howland Island: low-lying, nearly level, sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef; depressed central area
Hungary: mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border
Iceland: mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords
India: upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north
Indian Ocean: surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge
Indonesia: mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
Iran: rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
Iraq: mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey
Ireland: mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast
Israel: Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley
Italy: mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands
Jamaica: mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
Jan Mayen: volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers
Japan: mostly rugged and mountainous
Jarvis Island: sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
Jersey: gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast
Johnston Atoll: mostly flat
Jordan: mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of the Jordan River
Juan de Nova Island: low and flat
Kazakhstan: extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oases and desert in Central Asia
Kenya: low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west
Kingman Reef: low and nearly level
Kiribati: mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs
Korea, North: mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east
Korea, South: mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south
Kuwait: flat to slightly undulating desert plain
Kyrgyzstan: peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation
Laos: mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus
Latvia: low plain
Lebanon: narrow coastal plain; Al Biqa' (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Lesotho: mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains
Liberia: mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast
Libya: mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
Liechtenstein: mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third
Lithuania: lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil
Luxembourg: mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast
Macau: generally flat
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
Madagascar: narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center
Malawi: narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains
Malaysia: coastal plains rising to hills and mountains
Maldives: flat, with white sandy beaches
Mali: mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
Malta: mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs
Man, Isle of: hills in north and south bisected by central valley
Marshall Islands: low coral limestone and sand islands
Martinique: mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano
Mauritania: mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills
Mauritius: small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
Mayotte: generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks
Mexico: high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert
Micronesia, Federated States of: islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Truk
Midway Islands: low, nearly level
Moldova: rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
Monaco: hilly, rugged, rocky
Mongolia: vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Montserrat: volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland
Morocco: northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains
Mozambique: mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west
Namibia: mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east
Nauru: sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Navassa Island: raised coral and limestone plateau, flat to undulating; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 m high)
Nepal: Terai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north
Netherlands: mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast
Netherlands Antilles: generally hilly, volcanic interiors
New Caledonia: coastal plains with interior mountains
New Zealand: predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains
Nicaragua: extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes
Niger: predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
Nigeria: southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north
Niue: steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Norfolk Island: volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Northern Mariana Islands: southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic
Norway: glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north
Oman: central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south
Pacific Ocean: surface currents in the northern Pacific are dominated by a clockwise, warm-water gyre (broad circular system of currents) and in the southern Pacific by a counterclockwise, cool-water gyre; in the northern Pacific, sea ice forms in the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk in winter; in the southern Pacific, sea ice from Antarctica reaches its northernmost extent in October; the ocean floor in the eastern Pacific is dominated by the East Pacific Rise, while the western Pacific is dissected by deep trenches, including the Mariana Trench, which is the world's deepest
Pakistan: flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
Palau: varying geologically from the high, mountainous main island of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier reefs
Palmyra Atoll: very low
Panama: interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills
Papua New Guinea: mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills
Paracel Islands: mostly low and flat
Paraguay: grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere
Peru: western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)
Philippines: mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
Pitcairn Islands: rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffs
Poland: mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border
Portugal: mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south
Puerto Rico: mostly mountains, with coastal plain belt in north; mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas
Qatar: mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
Reunion: mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Romania: central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Russia: broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions
Rwanda: mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east
Saint Helena: Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains
note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin
Saint Kitts and Nevis: volcanic with mountainous interiors
Saint Lucia: volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: mostly barren rock
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: volcanic, mountainous
Samoa: narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior
San Marino: rugged mountains
Sao Tome and Principe: volcanic, mountainous
Saudi Arabia: mostly uninhabited, sandy desert
Senegal: generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
Seychelles: Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs
Sierra Leone: coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east
Singapore: lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve
Slovakia: rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south
Slovenia: a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountain and valleys with numerous rivers to the east
Solomon Islands: mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls
Somalia: mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north
South Africa: vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes
Southern Ocean: the Southern Ocean is deep, 4,000 to 5,000 meters over most of its extent with only limited areas of shallow water; the Antarctic continental shelf is generally narrow and unusually deep - its edge lying at depths of 400 to 800 meters (the global mean is 133 meters); the Antarctic icepack grows from an average minimum of 2.6 million square kilometers in March to about 18.8 million square kilometers in September, better than a sixfold increase in area; the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (21,000 km in length) moves perpetually eastward; it is the world's largest ocean current, transporting 130 million cubic meters of water per second - 100 times the flow of all the world's rivers
Spain: large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north
Spratly Islands: flat
Sri Lanka: mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in south-central interior
Sudan: generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west
Suriname: mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps
Svalbard: wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Swaziland: mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains
Sweden: mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Switzerland: mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes
Syria: primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west
Tajikistan: Pamir and Alay mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
Tanzania: plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
Thailand: central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere
Togo: gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Tokelau: low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
Tonga: most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Trinidad and Tobago: mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Tromelin Island: low, flat, and sandy
Tunisia: mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
Turkey: mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain; high central plateau (Anatolia)
Turkmenistan: flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west
Turks and Caicos Islands: low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps
Tuvalu: very low-lying and narrow coral atolls
Uganda: mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Ukraine: most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south
United Arab Emirates: flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east
United Kingdom: mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast
United States: vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii
Uruguay: mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
Uzbekistan: mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Sirdaryo (Syr Darya), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Vanuatu: mostly mountains of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains
Venezuela: Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast
Vietnam: low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest
Virgin Islands: mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little level land
Wake Island: atoll of three coral islands built up on an underwater volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim
Wallis and Futuna: volcanic origin; low hills
West Bank: mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west, but barren in east
Western Sahara: mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast
World: the greatest ocean depth is the Mariana Trench at 10,924 m in the Pacific Ocean
Yemen: narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula
Yugoslavia: extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills; to the southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast
Zambia: mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Zimbabwe: mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east
Taiwan: eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west
======================================================================
@Total fertility rate
Afghanistan: 5.79 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Albania: 2.32 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Algeria: 2.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)
American Samoa: 3.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Andorra: 1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Angola: 6.48 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Anguilla: 1.79 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda: 2.31 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Argentina: 2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Armenia: 1.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Aruba: 1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Australia: 1.77 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Austria: 1.39 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Azerbaijan: 2.24 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bahamas, The: 2.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bahrain: 2.79 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bangladesh: 2.78 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Barbados: 1.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Belarus: 1.28 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Belgium: 1.61 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Belize: 4.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Benin: 6.23 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bermuda: 1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bhutan: 5.07 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bolivia: 3.51 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 1.71 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Botswana: 3.7 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Brazil: 2.09 children born/woman (2001 est.)
British Virgin Islands: 1.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Brunei: 2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Bulgaria: 1.13 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Burkina Faso: 6.35 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Burma: 2.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Burundi: 6.16 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cambodia: 4.74 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cameroon: 4.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Canada: 1.6 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cape Verde: 4.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cayman Islands: 2.04 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Central African Republic: 4.86 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Chad: 6.56 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Chile: 2.16 children born/woman (2001 est.)
China: 1.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Christmas Island: NA children born/woman
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: NA children born/woman
Colombia: 2.66 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Comoros: 5.32 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 6.84 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: 5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Costa Rica: 2.47 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: 5.7 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Croatia: 1.94 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cuba: 1.6 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Cyprus: 1.93 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Czech Republic: 1.18 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Denmark: 1.73 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Djibouti: 5.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Dominica: 2.03 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Dominican Republic: 2.97 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Ecuador: 3.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Egypt: 3.07 children born/woman (2001 est.)
El Salvador: 3.34 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: 4.88 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Eritrea: 5.87 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Estonia: 1.21 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Ethiopia: 7 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): NA children born/woman
Faroe Islands: 2.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Fiji: 2.86 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Finland: 1.7 children born/woman (2001 est.)
France: 1.75 children born/woman (2001 est.)
French Guiana: 3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.)
French Polynesia: 2.23 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Gabon: 3.69 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Gambia, The: 5.68 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Gaza Strip: 6.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Georgia: 1.45 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Germany: 1.38 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Ghana: 3.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Gibraltar: 1.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Greece: 1.33 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Greenland: 2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Grenada: 2.54 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guadeloupe: 1.93 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guam: 3.85 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guatemala: 4.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guernsey: 1.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guinea: 5.39 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: 5.2 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Guyana: 2.1 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Haiti: 4.4 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Honduras: 4.15 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Hong Kong: 1.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Hungary: 1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Iceland: 2.01 children born/woman (2001 est.)
India: 3.04 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Indonesia: 2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Iran: 2.02 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Iraq: 4.75 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Ireland: 1.9 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Israel: 2.57 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Italy: 1.18 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Jamaica: 2.08 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Japan: 1.41 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Jersey: 1.56 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Jordan: 3.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan: 2.07 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Kenya: 3.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Kiribati: 4.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Korea, North: 2.26 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Korea, South: 1.72 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Kuwait: 3.2 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Kyrgyzstan: 3.19 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Laos: 5.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Latvia: 1.15 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Lebanon: 2.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Lesotho: 4.08 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Liberia: 6.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Libya: 3.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Liechtenstein: 1.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Lithuania: 1.37 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Luxembourg: 1.7 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Macau: 1.31 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 1.79 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Madagascar: 5.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Malawi: 5.18 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Malaysia: 3.24 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Maldives: 5.5 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mali: 6.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Malta: 1.92 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Man, Isle of: 1.65 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Marshall Islands: 6.55 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Martinique: 1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mauritania: 6.22 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mauritius: 2.01 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mayotte: 6.24 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mexico: 2.62 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Moldova: 1.67 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Monaco: 1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mongolia: 2.39 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Montserrat: 1.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Morocco: 3.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Mozambique: 4.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Namibia: 4.83 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Nauru: 3.61 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Nepal: 4.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Netherlands: 1.65 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: 2.07 children born/woman (2001 est.)
New Caledonia: 2.48 children born/woman (2001 est.)
New Zealand: 1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Nicaragua: 3.18 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Niger: 7.08 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Nigeria: 5.57 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Niue: NA children born/woman
Norfolk Island: NA children born/woman
Northern Mariana Islands: 1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Norway: 1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Oman: 6.04 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Pakistan: 4.41 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Palau: 2.47 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Panama: 2.27 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Papua New Guinea: 4.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Paraguay: 4.11 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Peru: 2.96 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Philippines: 3.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Pitcairn Islands: NA children born/woman
Poland: 1.37 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Portugal: 1.48 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Puerto Rico: 1.9 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Qatar: 3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Reunion: 2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Romania: 1.35 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Russia: 1.27 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Rwanda: 4.89 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Saint Helena: 1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: 2.41 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Saint Lucia: 2.38 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: 2.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 2.06 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Samoa: 3.4 children born/woman (2001 est.)
San Marino: 1.3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe: 6.02 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Saudi Arabia: 6.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Senegal: 5.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Seychelles: 1.83 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Sierra Leone: 6.01 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Singapore: 1.22 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Slovakia: 1.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Slovenia: 1.28 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Solomon Islands: 4.65 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Somalia: 7.11 children born/woman (2001 est.)
South Africa: 2.43 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Spain: 1.15 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Sri Lanka: 1.95 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Sudan: 5.35 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Suriname: 2.47 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Svalbard: NA children born/woman
Swaziland: 5.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Sweden: 1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Switzerland: 1.47 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Syria: 3.95 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Tajikistan: 4.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Tanzania: 5.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Thailand: 1.87 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Togo: 5.32 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Tokelau: NA children born/woman
Tonga: 3 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago: 1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Tunisia: 1.99 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Turkey: 2.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Turkmenistan: 3.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands: 3.22 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Tuvalu: 3.09 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Uganda: 6.88 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Ukraine: 1.29 children born/woman (2001 est.)
United Arab Emirates: 3.23 children born/woman (2001 est.)
United Kingdom: 1.73 children born/woman (2001 est.)
United States: 2.06 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Uruguay: 2.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Uzbekistan: 3.06 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Vanuatu: 3.19 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Venezuela: 2.46 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Vietnam: 2.49 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Virgin Islands: 2.25 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Wallis and Futuna: NA children born/woman
West Bank: 4.9 children born/woman (2001 est.)
World: 2.73 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Yemen: 6.97 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Yugoslavia: 1.75 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Zambia: 5.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Zimbabwe: 3.28 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Taiwan: 1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.)
======================================================================
@Transportation - note
Arctic Ocean: sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Atlantic Ocean: Kiel Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway are two important waterways; significant domestic commercial and recreational use of Intracoastal Waterway on central and south Atlantic seaboard and Gulf of Mexico coast of US
Baker Island: there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast
Georgia: transportation network is in poor condition resulting from ethnic conflict, criminal activities, and fuel shortages; network lacks maintenance and repair
Howland Island: Earhart Light is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast that was partially destroyed during World War II, but has since been rebuilt; named in memory of famed aviatrix Amelia EARHART
Jarvis Island: there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast
Pacific Ocean: Inside Passage offers protected waters from southeast Alaska to Puget Sound (Washington state)
Southern Ocean: Drake Passage offers alternative to transit through the Panama Canal
Wake Island: formerly an important commercial aviation base, now used by US military, some commercial cargo planes, and for emergency landings
======================================================================
@Unemployment rate
Afghanistan: NA%
Albania: 16% (2000 est.) officially; may be as high as 25%
Algeria: 30% (1999 est.)
American Samoa: 16% (1993)
Andorra: 0%
Angola: extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (2000 est.)
Anguilla: 7% (1992 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda: 7% (1999 est.)
Argentina: 15% (December 2000)
Armenia: 20% (1998 est.)
note: official rate is 9.3% for 1998
Aruba: 0.6% (1999 est.)
Australia: 6.4% (2000)
Austria: 5.4% (2000 est.)
Azerbaijan: 20% (1999 est.)
Bahamas, The: 9% (1998 est.)
Bahrain: 15% (1998 est.)
Bangladesh: 35.2% (1996)
Barbados: 11% (1999 est.)
Belarus: 2.1% officially registered unemployed (December 2000); large number of underemployed workers
Belgium: 8.4% (2000 est.)
Belize: 12.8% (1999)
Benin: NA%
Bermuda: NEGL% (1995)
Bhutan: NA%
Bolivia: 11.4% (1997)
note: widespread underemployment
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 35%-40% (1999 est.)
Botswana: 40% (2000 est.)
Brazil: 7.1% (2000 est.)
British Virgin Islands: 3% (1995)
Brunei: 4.9% (1995 est.)
Bulgaria: 17.7% (2000 est.)
Burkina Faso: NA%
Burma: 7.1% (official FY97/98 est.)
Burundi: NA%
Cambodia: 2.8% (1999 est.)
Cameroon: 30% (1998 est.)
Canada: 6.8% (2000 est.)
Cape Verde: 24% (1999 est.)
Cayman Islands: 4.1% (1997)
Central African Republic: 6% (1993)
Chad: NA%
Chile: 9% (December 2000)
China: urban unemployment roughly 10%; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural areas (2000 est.)
Christmas Island: NA%
Colombia: 20% (2000 est.)
Comoros: 20% (1996 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: NA%
Congo, Republic of the: NA%
Cook Islands: NA%
Costa Rica: 5.2% (2000 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: 13% in urban areas (1998 est.)
Croatia: 22% (October 2000)
Cuba: 5.5% (2000 est.)
Cyprus: Greek Cypriot area: 3.6% (2000 est.); Turkish Cypriot area: 6% (1998 est.)
Czech Republic: 8.7% (2000 est.)
Denmark: 5.3% (2000)
Djibouti: 50% (2000 est.)
Dominica: 20% (1999 est.)
Dominican Republic: 13.8% (1999 est.)
Ecuador: 13%; note - widespread underemployment (2000 est.)
Egypt: 11.5% (2000 est.)
El Salvador: 10% (2000 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: 30% (1998 est.)
Eritrea: NA%
Estonia: 11.7% (1999 est.)
Ethiopia: NA%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): full employment; labor shortage
Faroe Islands: 1% (October 2000)
Fiji: 6% (1997 est.)
Finland: 9.8% (2000 est.)
France: 9.7% (2000 est.)
French Guiana: 21.4% (1998)
French Polynesia: 15% (1992 est.)
Gabon: 21% (1997 est.)
Gambia, The: NA%
Gaza Strip: 40% (includes West Bank) (yearend 2000)
Georgia: 14.9% (1999 est.)
Germany: 9.9% (2000 est.)
Ghana: 20% (1997 est.)
Gibraltar: 13.5% (1996)
Greece: 11.3% (2000 est.)
Greenland: 7% (1999 est.)
Grenada: 15% (1997)
Guadeloupe: 27.8% (1998)
Guam: 15% (2000 est.)
Guatemala: 7.5% (1999 est.)
Guernsey: 0.5% (1999 est.)
Guinea: NA%
Guinea-Bissau: NA%
Guyana: 12% (1992 est.)
Haiti: widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (1999)
Honduras: 28% (2000 est.)
Hong Kong: 4.5% (2000 est.)
Hungary: 9.4% (2000 est.)
Iceland: 2.7% (January 2001)
India: NA%
Indonesia: 15%-20% (1998 est.)
Iran: 14% (1999 est.)
Iraq: NA%
Ireland: 4.1% (2000)
Israel: 9% (2000 est.)
Italy: 10.4% (2000 est.)
Jamaica: 16% (2000 est.)
Japan: 4.7% (2000)
Jersey: 0.7% (1998 est.)
Jordan: 15% official rate; actual rate is 25%-30% (1999 est.)
Kazakhstan: 13.7% (1998 est.)
Kenya: 50% (1998 est.)
Kiribati: 2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)
Korea, North: NA%
Korea, South: 4.1% (2000 est.)
Kuwait: 1.8% (official 1996 est.)
Kyrgyzstan: 6% (1998 est.)
Laos: 5.7% (1997 est.)
Latvia: 7.8% (2000 est.)
Lebanon: 18% (1997 est.)
Lesotho: 45% (2000 est.)
Liberia: 70%
Libya: 30% (2000 est.)
Liechtenstein: 1.8% (February 1999)
Lithuania: 10.8% (2000)
Luxembourg: 2.7% (2000 est.)
Macau: 6.6% (2000)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: 32% (2000)
Madagascar: NA%
Malawi: NA%
Malaysia: 2.8% (2000 est.)
Maldives: NEGL%
Mali: NA%
Malta: 4.5% (3rd Quarter 2000)
Man, Isle of: 0.6% (August 2000)
Marshall Islands: 16% (1991 est.)
Martinique: 27.2% (1998)
Mauritania: 23% (1995 est.)
Mauritius: 6.4% (1999 est.)
Mayotte: 45% (1997)
Mexico: urban - 2.2% (2000); plus considerable underemployment
Micronesia, Federated States of: 16% (1999 est.)
Moldova: 1.9% (includes only officially registered unemployed; large numbers of underemployed workers) (November 2000)
Monaco: 3.1% (1998)
Mongolia: NA%
Montserrat: 20% (1996 est.)
Morocco: 23% (1999 est.)
Mozambique: 21% (1997 est.)
Namibia: 30% to 40%, including underemployment (1997 est.)
Nauru: 0%
Nepal: NA%; substantial underemployment (1999)
Netherlands: 2.6% (2000 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: 14.9% (1998 est.)
New Caledonia: 19% (1996)
New Zealand: 6.3% (2000 est.)
Nicaragua: 20% plus considerable underemployment (1999 est.)
Niger: NA%
Nigeria: 28% (1992 est.)
Niue: NA%
Norfolk Island: NA%
Northern Mariana Islands: NA%
Norway: 3% (2000 est.)
Oman: NA%
Pakistan: 6% (FY99/00 est.)
Palau: 2.3% (2000 est.)
Panama: 13% (2000 est.)
Papua New Guinea: NA%
Paraguay: 16% (2000 est.)
Peru: 7.7%; extensive underemployment (1997)
Philippines: 10% (2000)
Pitcairn Islands: NA%
Poland: 12% (1999)
Portugal: 4.3% (2000 est.)
Puerto Rico: 9.5% (2000)
Qatar: NA%
Reunion: 42.8% (1998)
Romania: 11.5% (1999)
Russia: 10.5% (2000 est.), plus considerable underemployment
Rwanda: NA%
Saint Helena: 14% (1998 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: 4.5% (1997)
Saint Lucia: 15% (1996 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: 9.8% (1997)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 22% (1997 est.)
Samoa: NA%; note - substantial underemployment
San Marino: 3% (1999)
Sao Tome and Principe: NA%
Saudi Arabia: NA%
Senegal: NA%; urban youth 40%
Seychelles: NA%
Sierra Leone: NA%
Singapore: 3% (2000 est.)
Slovakia: 17% (2000 est.)
Slovenia: 7.1% (1997 est.)
Solomon Islands: NA%
Somalia: NA%
South Africa: 30% (2000 est.)
Spain: 14% (2000 est.)
Sri Lanka: 8.8% (1999 est.)
Sudan: 4% (1996 est.)
Suriname: 20% (1997)
Swaziland: 22% (1995 est.)
Sweden: 6% (2000 est.)
Switzerland: 1.9% (2000 est.)
Syria: 20% (2000 est.)
Tajikistan: 5.7% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (December 1998)
Tanzania: NA%
Thailand: 3.7% (2000 est.)
Togo: NA%
Tokelau: NA%
Tonga: 13.3% (FY96/97)
Trinidad and Tobago: 12.8% (2000)
Tunisia: 15.6% (2000 est.)
Turkey: 5.6% (plus underemployment of 5.6%) (2000 est.)
Turkmenistan: NA%
Turks and Caicos Islands: 10% (1997 est.)
Tuvalu: NA%
Uganda: NA%
Ukraine: 4.3% officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers (December 1999)
United Arab Emirates: NA%
United Kingdom: 5.5% (2000 est.)
United States: 4% (2000)
Uruguay: 14% (2000 est.)
Uzbekistan: 10% plus another 20% underemployed (1999 est.)
Vanuatu: NA%
Venezuela: 14% (2000 est.)
Vietnam: 25% (1995 est.)
Virgin Islands: 4.9% (March 1999)
Wallis and Futuna: NA%
West Bank: 40% (includes Gaza Strip) (yearend 2000)
Western Sahara: NA%
World: 30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12% unemployment (2000 est.)
Yemen: 30% (1995 est.)
Yugoslavia: 30% (2000 est.)
Zambia: 50% (2000 est.)
Zimbabwe: 50% (2000 est.)
Taiwan: 3% (2000 est.)
======================================================================
@Waterways
Afghanistan: 1,200 km
note: chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels with DWT up to about 500 (2001)
Albania: 43 km
note: includes Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1990)
Algeria: none
American Samoa: none
Andorra: none
Angola: 1,295 km
Anguilla: none
Antigua and Barbuda: none
Argentina: 10,950 km
Armenia: NA km
Aruba: none
Ashmore and Cartier Islands: none
Australia: 8,368 km (mainly used by small, shallow-draft craft)
Austria: 358 km (1999)
Azerbaijan: none
Bahamas, The: none
Bahrain: none
Baker Island: none
Bangladesh: up to 8,046 km depending on season
note: includes 3,058 km main cargo routes
Barbados: none
Bassas da India: none
Belarus: NA km; note - Belarus has extensive and widely used canal and river systems
Belgium: 2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use)
Belize: 825 km (river network used by shallow-draft craft; seasonally navigable)
Benin: streams navigable along small sections, important only locally
Bermuda: none
Bhutan: none
Bolivia: 10,000 km (commercially navigable)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: NA km; large sections of the Sava blocked by downed bridges, silt, and debris
Botswana: none
Bouvet Island: none
Brazil: 50,000 km
British Indian Ocean Territory: none
British Virgin Islands: none
Brunei: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m
Bulgaria: 470 km (1987)
Burkina Faso: none
Burma: 12,800 km
note: 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels
Burundi: Lake Tanganyika
Cambodia: 3,700 km
note: navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m
Cameroon: 2,090 km (of decreasing importance)
Canada: 3,000 km (including Saint Lawrence Seaway)
Cape Verde: none
Cayman Islands: none
Central African Republic: 900 km
note: traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft dugouts; Oubangui is the most important river, navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m
Chad: 2,000 km
Chile: 725 km
China: 110,000 km (1999)
Christmas Island: none
Clipperton Island: none
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: none
Colombia: 18,140 km (navigable by river boats) (April 1996)
Comoros: none
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 15,000 km (including the Congo and its tributaries, and unconnected lakes)
Congo, Republic of the: 1,120 km
note: the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) rivers provide 1,120 km of commercially navigable water transport; other rivers are used for local traffic only
Cook Islands: none
Coral Sea Islands: none
Costa Rica: 730 km (seasonally navigable)
Cote d'Ivoire: 980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons)
Croatia: 785 km
note: (perennially navigable; large sections of Sava blocked by downed bridges, silt, and debris)
Cuba: 240 km
Cyprus: none
Czech Republic: 303 km
note: (the Labe (Elbe) is the principal river) (2000)
Denmark: 417 km
Djibouti: none
Dominica: none
Dominican Republic: none
Ecuador: 1,500 km
Egypt: 3,500 km
note: including the Nile, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and numerous smaller canals in the delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km including approaches), used by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16.1 m of water
El Salvador: Rio Lempa partially navigable
Equatorial Guinea: none
Eritrea: none
Estonia: 320 km (perennially navigable)
Ethiopia: none
Europa Island: none
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): none
Faroe Islands: none
Fiji: 203 km
note: 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric-ton barges
Finland: 6,675 km
note: includes Saimaa Canal; 3,700 km suitable for large ships
France: 14,932 km (6,969 km heavily traveled)
French Guiana: 3,300 km navigable by native craft
note: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and river steamers
French Polynesia: none
French Southern and Antarctic Lands: none
Gabon: 1,600 km (perennially navigable)
Gambia, The: 400 km
Gaza Strip: none
Georgia: none
Germany: 7,500 km
note: major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel Canal is an important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea (1999)
Ghana: 1,293 km
note: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways
Gibraltar: none
Glorioso Islands: none
Greece: 80 km
note: system consists of three coastal canals including the Corinth Canal (6 km) which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyage from the Adriatic to Peiraiefs (Piraeus) by 325 km; there are also three unconnected rivers
Greenland: none
Grenada: none
Guadeloupe: none
Guam: none
Guatemala: 990 km
note: 260 km navigable year round; additional 730 km navigable during highwater season
Guernsey: none
Guinea: 1,295 km (navigable by shallow-draft native craft)
Guinea-Bissau: several rivers are accessible to coastal shipping
Guyana: 5,900 km (total length of navigable waterways)
note: Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively
Haiti: NEGL; less than 100 km navigable
Heard Island and McDonald Islands: none
Holy See (Vatican City): none
Honduras: 465 km (navigable by small craft)
Hong Kong: none
Howland Island: none
Hungary: 1,373 km (permanently navigable) (1997)
Iceland: none
India: 16,180 km
note: 3,631 km navigable by large vessels
Indonesia: 21,579 km total
note: Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460 km, Sulawesi (Celebes) 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km
Iran: 904 km
note: the Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use
Iraq: 1,015 km
note: Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use; Tigris and Euphrates Rivers have navigable sections for shallow-draft boats; Shatt al Basrah canal was navigable by shallow-draft craft before closing in 1991 because of the Gulf war
Ireland: 700 km (limited facilities for commercial traffic) (1998)
Israel: none
Italy: 2,400 km
note: for various types of commercial traffic, although of limited overall value
Jamaica: none
Jan Mayen: none
Japan: 1,770 km approximately
note: seagoing craft ply all coastal inland seas
Jarvis Island: none
Jersey: none
Johnston Atoll: none
Jordan: none
Juan de Nova Island: none
Kazakhstan: 3,900 km
note: on the Syrdariya (Syr Darya) and Ertis (Irtysh) rivers
Kenya: NA
note: part of the Lake Victoria system is within the boundaries of Kenya
Kingman Reef: none
Kiribati: 5 km (small network of canals in Line Islands)
Korea, North: 2,253 km
note: mostly navigable by small craft only
Korea, South: 1,609 km
note: restricted to small native craft
Kuwait: none
Kyrgyzstan: 600 km (1990)
Laos: 4,587 km approximately
note: primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional km are intermittently navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m
Latvia: 300 km (perennially navigable)
Lebanon: none
Lesotho: none
Liberia: none
Libya: none
Liechtenstein: none
Lithuania: 600 km (perennially navigable)
Luxembourg: 37 km (on the Moselle)
Macau: none
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: note: lake transport only, on the Greek and Albanian borders
Madagascar: note: of local importance only
Malawi: 144 km
note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall
Malaysia: 7,296 km
note: Peninsular Malaysia 3,209 km, Sabah 1,569 km, Sarawak 2,518 km
Maldives: none
Mali: 1,815 km
Malta: none
Man, Isle of: none
Marshall Islands: none
Martinique: none
Mauritania: note: ferry traffic on the Senegal River
Mauritius: none
Mayotte: none
Mexico: 2,900 km
note: navigable rivers and coastal canals
Micronesia, Federated States of: none
Midway Islands: none
Moldova: 424 km (1994)
Monaco: none
Mongolia: 400 km (1999)
Montserrat: none
Morocco: none
Mozambique: 3,750 km (navigable routes)
Namibia: none
Nauru: none
Navassa Island: none
Nepal: none
Netherlands: 5,046 km
note: 47% of total route length is usable by craft of 1,000 metric ton capacity or larger
Netherlands Antilles: none
New Caledonia: none
New Zealand: 1,609 km
note: of little importance in satisfying total transportation requirements
Nicaragua: 2,220 km (including 2 large lakes)
Niger: 300 km
note: the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March
Nigeria: 8,575 km
note: consisting of the Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks
Niue: none
Norfolk Island: none
Northern Mariana Islands: none
Norway: 1,577 km (along west coast)
note: navigable by 2.4 m maximum draft vessels
Oman: none
Pakistan: none
Palau: none
Palmyra Atoll: none
Panama: 882 km
note: 800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal
Papua New Guinea: 10,940 km
Paracel Islands: none
Paraguay: 3,100 km
Peru: 8,808 km
note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca
Philippines: 3,219 km
note: limited to vessels with a draft of less than 1.5 m
Pitcairn Islands: none
Poland: 3,812 km (navigable rivers and canals) (1996)
Portugal: 820 km
note: relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow-draft craft limited to 300 metric-ton or less cargo capacity |
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