 |
Swaziland: landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa
Sweden: strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas
Switzerland: landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France and northern Italy, contains the highest elevations in Europe
Syria: there are 42 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights (August 1999 est.)
Tajikistan: landlocked
Tanzania: Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa
Thailand: controls only land route from Asia to Malaysia and Singapore
Tonga: archipelago of 170 islands (36 inhabited)
Tromelin Island: climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones; wildlife sanctuary
Tunisia: strategic location in central Mediterranean; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration
Turkey: strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean Seas
Turkmenistan: landlocked
Turks and Caicos Islands: 30 islands (eight inhabited)
Uganda: landlocked
Ukraine: strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second-largest country in Europe
United Arab Emirates: strategic location along southern approaches to Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil
United Kingdom: lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes; only 35 km from France and now linked by tunnel under the English Channel; because of heavily indented coastline, no location is more than 125 km from tidal waters
United States: world's third-largest country (after Russia and Canada)
Uzbekistan: along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world
Venezuela: on major sea and air routes linking North and South America
Virgin Islands: important location along the Anegada Passage - a key shipping lane for the Panama Canal; Saint Thomas has one of the best natural, deepwater harbors in the Caribbean
Wake Island: strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean; emergency landing location for transpacific flights
Wallis and Futuna: both island groups have fringing reefs
West Bank: landlocked; highlands are main recharge area for Israel's coastal aquifers; there are 231 Israeli settlements and civilian land use sites in the West Bank and 29 in East Jerusalem (August 1999 est.)
Yemen: strategic location on Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active shipping lanes
Yugoslavia: controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
Zambia: landlocked
Zimbabwe: landlocked
======================================================================
@Government - note
Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Dayton Agreement, signed in Paris on 14 December 1995, retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's exterior border and created a joint multi-ethnic and democratic government. This national government - based on proportional representation similar to that which existed in the former socialist regime - is charged with conducting foreign, economic, and fiscal policy. The Dayton Agreement also recognized a second tier of government, comprised of two entities - a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb Republika Srpska (RS) - each presiding over roughly one-half the territory. The Federation and RS governments are charged with overseeing internal functions. The Dayton Agreement established the Office of the High Representative (OHR) to oversee the implementation of the civilian aspects of the agreement. About 250 international and 450 local staff members are employed by the OHR.
Malawi: the executive exerts considerable influence over the legislature
Somalia: An interim Transitional National Government - with a president, prime minister, and 245-member National Assembly - was formed in October 2000. However, other governing bodies continue to exist and control various cities and regions of the country, including Somaliland, Puntland, and traditional clan and faction strongholds.
======================================================================
@Government type
Afghanistan: no functioning central government, administered by factions
Albania: emerging democracy
Algeria: republic
American Samoa: NA
Andorra: parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its heads of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the president of France and bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain, who are represented locally by coprinces' representatives
Angola: transitional government, nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong presidential system
Anguilla: NA
Antarctica: Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961, establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica. The 23rd Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was held in Peru in May 1999. At the end of 2000, there were 44 treaty member nations: 27 consultative and 17 non-consultative. Consultative (voting) members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap) and 20 nonclaimant nations. The US and Russia have reserved the right to make claims. The US does not recognize the claims of others. Antarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations. Decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (within their areas) in accordance with their own national laws. The year in parentheses indicates when an acceding nation was voted to full consultative (voting) status, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory. Claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK. Nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium, Brazil (1983), Bulgaria (1998) China (1985), Ecuador (1990), Finland (1989), Germany (1981), India (1983), Italy (1987), Japan, South Korea (1989), Netherlands (1990), Peru (1989), Poland (1977), Russia, South Africa, Spain (1988), Sweden (1988), Uruguay (1985), and the US. Non-consultative (nonvoting) members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria (1987), Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984), Czech Republic (1993), Denmark (1965), Greece (1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), North Korea (1987), Papua New Guinea (1981), Romania (1971), Slovakia (1993), Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1995), Ukraine (1992), and Venezuela (1999). Article 1 - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free exchange of information and personnel, cooperation with the UN and other international agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes; Article 6 - includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south and reserves high seas rights; Article 7 - treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all expeditions and of the introduction of military personnel must be given; Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 - treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations. Other agreements - some 200 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and ratified by governments include - Agreed Measures for Fauna and Flora (1964) which were later incorporated into the Environmental Protocol; Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1980); a mineral resources agreement was signed in 1988 but remains unratified; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14 January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through five specific annexes: 1) marine pollution, 2) fauna and flora, 3) environmental impact assessments, 4) waste management, and 5) protected area management; it prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific research.
Antigua and Barbuda: constitutional monarchy with UK-style parliament
Argentina: republic
Armenia: republic
Aruba: parliamentary democracy
Australia: democratic, federal-state system recognizing the British monarch as sovereign
Austria: federal republic
Azerbaijan: republic
Bahamas, The: constitutional parliamentary democracy
Bahrain: constitutional monarchy
Bangladesh: parliamentary democracy
Barbados: parliamentary democracy; independent sovereign state within the Commonwealth
Belarus: republic
Belgium: federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch
Belize: parliamentary democracy
Benin: republic under multiparty democratic rule; dropped Marxism-Leninism December 1989; democratic reforms adopted February 1990; transition to multiparty system completed 4 April 1991
Bermuda: parliamentary British overseas territory with internal self-government
Bhutan: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India
Bolivia: republic
Bosnia and Herzegovina: emerging democracy
Botswana: parliamentary republic
Brazil: federative republic
British Virgin Islands: NA
Brunei: constitutional sultanate
Bulgaria: parliamentary democracy
Burkina Faso: parliamentary
Burma: military regime
Burundi: republic
Cambodia: multiparty liberal democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in September 1993
Cameroon: unitary republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized in 1990)
note: preponderance of power remains with the president
Canada: confederation with parliamentary democracy
Cape Verde: republic
Cayman Islands: British crown colony
Central African Republic: republic
Chad: republic
Chile: republic
China: Communist state
Christmas Island: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: NA
Colombia: republic; executive branch dominates government structure
Comoros: independent republic
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: dictatorship; presumably undergoing a transition to representative government
Congo, Republic of the: republic
Cook Islands: self-governing parliamentary democracy
Costa Rica: democratic republic
Cote d'Ivoire: republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960
Croatia: presidential/parliamentary democracy
Cuba: Communist state
Cyprus: republic
note: a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention in July 1974 after a Greek junta-based coup attempt gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTASH declared independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC), recognized only by Turkey; both sides publicly support a settlement based on a federation (Greek Cypriot position) or confederation (Turkish Cypriot position)
Czech Republic: parliamentary democracy
Denmark: constitutional monarchy
Djibouti: republic
Dominica: parliamentary democracy; republic within the Commonwealth
Dominican Republic: representative democracy
Ecuador: republic
Egypt: republic
El Salvador: republic
Equatorial Guinea: republic
Eritrea: transitional government
note: following a successful referendum on independence for the Autonomous Region of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a National Assembly, composed entirely of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, was established as a transitional legislature; a Constitutional Commission was also established to draft a constitution; ISAIAS Afworki was elected president by the transitional legislature; the constitution, ratified in May 1997, did not enter into effect, pending parliamentary and presidential elections; parliamentary elections have now been scheduled to take place in December 2001
Estonia: parliamentary democracy
Ethiopia: federal republic
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): NA
Faroe Islands: NA
Fiji: republic
note: military coup leader Maj. Gen. Sitiveni RABUKA formally declared Fiji a republic on 6 October 1987
Finland: republic
France: republic
French Guiana: NA
French Polynesia: NA
Gabon: republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties legalized in 1990)
Gambia, The: republic under multiparty democratic rule
Georgia: republic
Germany: federal republic
Ghana: constitutional democracy
Gibraltar: NA
Greece: parliamentary republic; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974
Greenland: parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy
Grenada: constitutional monarchy with Westminster-style parliament
Guadeloupe: NA
Guam: NA
Guatemala: constitutional democratic republic
Guernsey: NA
Guinea: republic
Guinea-Bissau: republic, multiparty since mid-1991
Guyana: republic within the Commonwealth
Haiti: elected government
Holy See (Vatican City): ecclesiastical
Honduras: democratic constitutional republic
Hong Kong: NA
Hungary: parliamentary democracy
Iceland: constitutional republic
India: federal republic
Indonesia: republic
Iran: theocratic republic
Iraq: republic
Ireland: republic
Israel: parliamentary democracy
Italy: republic
Jamaica: constitutional parliamentary democracy
Japan: constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government
Jersey: NA
Jordan: constitutional monarchy
Kazakhstan: republic
Kenya: republic
Kiribati: republic
Korea, North: authoritarian socialist; one-man dictatorship
Korea, South: republic
Kuwait: nominal constitutional monarchy
Kyrgyzstan: republic
Laos: Communist state
Latvia: parliamentary democracy
Lebanon: republic
Lesotho: parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Liberia: republic
Libya: Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in fact, a military dictatorship
Liechtenstein: hereditary constitutional monarchy
Lithuania: parliamentary democracy
Luxembourg: constitutional monarchy
Macau: NA
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: emerging democracy
Madagascar: republic
Malawi: multiparty democracy
Malaysia: constitutional monarchy
note: Malaya (what is now Peninsular Malaysia) formed 31 August 1957; Federation of Malaysia (Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore) formed 9 July 1963 (Singapore left the federation on 9 August 1965); nominally headed by the paramount ruler and a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelected upper house and an elected lower house; Peninsular Malaysian states - hereditary rulers in all but Melaka, Penang, Sabah, and Sarawak, where governors are appointed by the Malaysian Government; powers of state governments are limited by the federal constitution; under terms of the federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain certain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., the right to maintain their own immigration controls); Sabah - holds 20 seats in House of Representatives, with foreign affairs, defense, internal security, and other powers delegated to federal government; Sarawak - holds 28 seats in House of Representatives, with foreign affairs, defense, internal security, and other powers delegated to federal government
Maldives: republic
Mali: republic
Malta: republic
Man, Isle of: parliamentary democracy
Marshall Islands: constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21 October 1986
Martinique: NA
Mauritania: republic
Mauritius: parliamentary democracy
Mayotte: NA
Mexico: federal republic
Micronesia, Federated States of: constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 3 November 1986
Moldova: republic
Monaco: constitutional monarchy
Mongolia: parliamentary
Montserrat: NA
Morocco: constitutional monarchy
Mozambique: republic
Namibia: republic
Nauru: republic
Nepal: parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
Netherlands: constitutional monarchy
Netherlands Antilles: parliamentary
New Caledonia: NA
New Zealand: parliamentary democracy
Nicaragua: republic
Niger: republic
Nigeria: republic transitioning from military to civilian rule
Niue: self-governing parliamentary democracy
Norfolk Island: NA
Northern Mariana Islands: commonwealth; self-governing with locally elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature
Norway: constitutional monarchy
Oman: monarchy
Pakistan: federal republic
Palau: constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 1 October 1994
Panama: constitutional democracy
Papua New Guinea: constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy
Paraguay: constitutional republic
Peru: constitutional republic
Philippines: republic
Pitcairn Islands: NA
Poland: republic
Portugal: parliamentary democracy
Puerto Rico: commonwealth
Qatar: traditional monarchy
Reunion: NA
Romania: republic
Russia: federation
Rwanda: republic; presidential, multiparty system
Saint Helena: NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis: constitutional monarchy with Westminster-style parliament
Saint Lucia: Westminster-style parliamentary democracy
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: parliamentary democracy; independent sovereign state within the Commonwealth
Samoa: constitutional monarchy under native chief
San Marino: independent republic
Sao Tome and Principe: republic
Saudi Arabia: monarchy
Senegal: republic under multiparty democratic rule
Seychelles: republic
Sierra Leone: constitutional democracy
Singapore: parliamentary republic
Slovakia: parliamentary democracy
Slovenia: parliamentary democratic republic
Solomon Islands: parliamentary democracy
Somalia: parliamentary
South Africa: republic
Spain: parliamentary monarchy
Sri Lanka: republic
Sudan: transitional - ruling military junta took power in 1989; government is dominated by members of Sudan's National Islamic Front (NIF), a fundamentalist political organization, which uses the National Congress Party (NCP) as its legal front
Suriname: constitutional democracy
Svalbard: NA
Swaziland: monarchy; independent member of Commonwealth
Sweden: constitutional monarchy
Switzerland: federal republic
Syria: republic under military regime since March 1963
Tajikistan: republic
Tanzania: republic
Thailand: constitutional monarchy
Togo: republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule
Tokelau: NA
Tonga: hereditary constitutional monarchy
Trinidad and Tobago: parliamentary democracy
Tunisia: republic
Turkey: republican parliamentary democracy
Turkmenistan: republic
Turks and Caicos Islands: NA
Tuvalu: constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy; began debating republic status in 1992
Uganda: republic
Ukraine: republic
United Arab Emirates: federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member emirates
United Kingdom: constitutional monarchy
United States: federal republic; strong democratic tradition
Uruguay: constitutional republic
Uzbekistan: republic; effectively authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch
Vanuatu: republic
Venezuela: federal republic
Vietnam: Communist state
Virgin Islands: NA
Wallis and Futuna: NA
Western Sahara: legal status of territory and question of sovereignty unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR); territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile was seated as an OAU member in 1984; guerrilla activities continued sporadically, until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented 6 September 1991
Yemen: republic
Yugoslavia: republic
Zambia: republic
Zimbabwe: parliamentary democracy
Taiwan: multiparty democratic regime headed by popularly elected president
======================================================================
@Heliports
Afghanistan: 3 (2000 est.)
Albania: 1 (2000 est.)
Algeria: 1 (2000 est.)
Antarctica: 27 stations have helicopter landing facilities (helipads) (2001 est.)
Austria: 1 (2000 est.)
Bahamas, The: 1 (2000 est.)
Bahrain: 1 (2000 est.)
Belgium: 1 (2000 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 4 (2000 est.)
Brunei: 3 (2000 est.)
Bulgaria: 1 (2000 est.)
Burma: 1 (2000 est.)
Cambodia: 3 (2000 est.)
Canada: 18 (2000 est.)
Croatia: 1 (2000 est.)
Cyprus: 7 (2000 est.)
Czech Republic: 1 (2000 est.)
Ecuador: 1 (2000 est.)
Egypt: 2 (2000 est.)
El Salvador: 1 (2000 est.)
France: 3 (2000 est.)
Germany: 59 (2000 est.)
Greece: 2 (2000 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City): 1 (2000 est.)
Hong Kong: 2 (2000 est.)
Hungary: 5 (2000 est.)
India: 16 (2000 est.)
Indonesia: 4 (2000 est.)
Iran: 11 (2000 est.)
Iraq: 4 (2000 est.)
Israel: 2 (2000 est.)
Italy: 4 (2000 est.)
Japan: 16 (2000 est.)
Jordan: 1 (2000 est.)
Korea, South: 203 (2000 est.)
Kuwait: 3 (2000 est.)
Luxembourg: 1 (2000 est.)
Malaysia: 1 (2000 est.)
Mexico: 2 (2000 est.)
Monaco: 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille)
Morocco: 1 (2000 est.)
Netherlands: 1 (2000 est.)
New Caledonia: 6 (2000 est.)
Nigeria: 1 (2000 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands: 1 (2000 est.)
Norway: 1 (2000 est.)
Oman: 1 (2000 est.)
Pakistan: 8 (2000 est.)
Papua New Guinea: 2 (2000 est.)
Philippines: 1 (2000 est.)
Poland: 3 (2000 est.)
Qatar: 1 (2000 est.)
Romania: 1 (2000 est.)
Saudi Arabia: 5 (2000 est.)
Sierra Leone: 1 (2000 est.)
Singapore: 1 (2000 est.)
Spain: 2 (2000 est.)
Sudan: 1 (2000 est.)
Sweden: 1 (2000 est.)
Syria: 2 (2000 est.)
Thailand: 2 (2000 est.)
Turkey: 2 (2000 est.)
Uganda: 1 (2000 est.)
United Arab Emirates: 2 (2000 est.)
United Kingdom: 11 (2000 est.)
United States: 131 (2000 est.)
Venezuela: 1 (2000 est.)
Western Sahara: 1 (2000 est.)
Yugoslavia: 2 (2000 est.)
Taiwan: 3 (2000 est.)
======================================================================
@Highways
Afghanistan: total: 21,000 km
paved: 2,793 km
unpaved: 18,207 km (1998 est.)
Albania: total: 18,000 km
paved: 5,400 km
unpaved: 12,600 km (1998 est.)
Algeria: total: 104,000 km
paved: 71,656 km (including 640 km of expressways)
unpaved: 32,344 km (1996 est.)
American Samoa: total: 350 km
paved: 150 km
unpaved: 200 km
Andorra: total: 269 km
paved: 198 km
unpaved: 71 km (1994 est.)
Angola: total: 76,626 km
paved: 19,156 km
unpaved: 57,470 km (1997)
Anguilla: total: 279 km
paved: 253 km
unpaved: 26 km (1998 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda: total: 1,165 km
paved: 384 km
unpaved: 781 km (1999 est.)
Argentina: total: 215,434 km
paved: 63,553 km (including 734 km of expressways)
unpaved: 151,881 km (1998 est.)
Armenia: total: 8,431 km ()
paved: NA
unpaved: NA (1997)
Aruba: total: 800 km
paved: 513 km
unpaved: 287 km
note: most coastal roads are paved, while unpaved roads serve large tracts of the interior (1995)
Australia: total: 913,000 km
paved: 353,331 km (including 1,363 km of expressways)
unpaved: 559,669 km (1996)
Austria: total: 133,361 km
paved: 133,361 km (including 1,613 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1998)
Azerbaijan: total: 24,981 km
paved: 23,057 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)
unpaved: 1,924 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1998)
Bahamas, The: total: 2,693 km
paved: 1,546 km
unpaved: 1,147 km (1997)
Bahrain: total: 3,164 km
paved: 2,433 km
unpaved: 731 km
note: there is a paved causeway connecting Bahrain to Saudi Arabia (1997)
Bangladesh: total: 201,182 km
paved: 19,112 km
unpaved: 182,070 km (1997)
Barbados: total: 1,600 km
paved: 1,578 km
unpaved: 22 km (1998)
Belarus: total: 63,355 km
paved: 60,567 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)
unpaved: 2,788 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1998)
Belgium: total: 145,774 km
paved: 116,182 km (including 1,674 km of expressways)
unpaved: 29,592 km (1999)
Belize: total: 2,872 km
paved: 488 km
unpaved: 2,384 km (1998 est.)
Benin: total: 6,787 km
paved: 1,357 km (including 10 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,430 km (1997 est.)
Bermuda: total: 225 km
paved: 225 km
unpaved: 0 km
note: in addition, there are 232 km of paved and unpaved roads that are privately owned (1997)
Bhutan: total: 3,285 km
paved: 1,994 km
unpaved: 1,291 km (1996)
Bolivia: total: 49,400 km
paved: 2,500 km (including 30 km of expressways)
unpaved: 46,900 km (1996)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: total: 21,846 km
paved: 14,020 km
unpaved: 7,826 km
note: road system is in need of maintenance and repair (2001)
Botswana: total: 18,482 km
paved: 4,343 km
unpaved: 14,139 km (1996)
Brazil: total: 1.98 million km
paved: 184,140 km
unpaved: 1,795,860 km (1996)
British Indian Ocean Territory: total: NA km
paved: short stretch of paved road of NA km between port and airfield on Diego Garcia
unpaved: NA km
British Virgin Islands: total: 132 km
paved: 132 km
unpaved: 0 km (1997)
Brunei: total: 1,712 km
paved: 1,284 km
unpaved: 428 km (1996)
Bulgaria: total: 36,724 km
paved: 33,786 km (including 314 km of expressways)
unpaved: 2,938 km (1999)
Burkina Faso: total: 12,506 km
paved: 2,001 km
unpaved: 10,505 km (1996)
Burma: total: 28,200 km
paved: 3,440 km
unpaved: 24,760 km (1996)
Burundi: total: 14,480 km
paved: 1,028 km
unpaved: 13,452 km (1996)
Cambodia: total: 35,769 km
paved: 4,165 km
unpaved: 31,604 km (1997)
Cameroon: total: 34,300 km
paved: 4,288 km
unpaved: 30,012 km (1995)
Canada: total: 901,902 km
paved: 318,371 km (including 16,571 km of expressways)
unpaved: 583,531 km (1999)
Cape Verde: total: 1,100 km
paved: 858 km
unpaved: 242 km (1996)
Cayman Islands: total: 406 km
paved: 304 km
unpaved: 102 km
Central African Republic: total: 23,810 km
paved: 429 km
unpaved: 23,381 km (2000)
Chad: total: 33,400 km
paved: 267 km
unpaved: 33,133 km (1996)
Chile: total: 79,800 km
paved: 11,012 km
unpaved: 68,788 km (1996)
China: total: 1.4 million km
paved: 271,300 km (with at least 16,000 km of expressways)
unpaved: 1,128,700 km (1999)
Christmas Island: total: 140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry)
paved: 30 km
unpaved: 110 km (1999)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: total: 15 km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km (2001)
Colombia: total: 110,000 km
paved: 26,000 km
unpaved: 84,000 km (2000)
Comoros: total: 880 km
paved: 673 km
unpaved: 207 km (1996)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: total: 157,000 km (including 30 km of expressways)(1996)
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Congo, Republic of the: total: 12,800 km
paved: 1,242 km
unpaved: 11,558 km (1996)
Cook Islands: total: 320 km (1992)
paved: NA
unpaved: NA
Costa Rica: total: 37,273 km
paved: 7,827 km
unpaved: 29,446 km (1998 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: total: 50,400 km
paved: 4,889 km
unpaved: 45,511 km (1996)
Croatia: total: 27,840 km
paved: 23,497 km (including 330 km of expressways)
unpaved: 4,343 km (1998)
Cuba: total: 60,858 km
paved: 29,820 km (including 638 km of expressway)
unpaved: 31,038 km (1997)
Cyprus: total: Greek Cypriot area: 10,663 km (1998 est.); Turkish Cypriot area: 2,350 km (1996 est.)
paved: Greek Cypriot area: 6,249 km (1998 est.); Turkish Cypriot area: 1,370 km (1996 est.)
unpaved: Greek Cypriot area: 4,414 km (1998 est.); Turkish Cypriot area: 980 km (1996 est.)
Czech Republic: total: 55,432 km
paved: 55,432 km (including 499 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Denmark: total: 71,474 km
paved: 71,474 km (including 880 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1999)
Djibouti: total: 2,890 km
paved: 364 km
unpaved: 2,526 km (1996)
Dominica: total: 750 km
paved: 375 km
unpaved: 375 km (2001)
Dominican Republic: total: 12,600 km
paved: 6,224 km
unpaved: 6,376 km (1996)
Ecuador: total: 43,197 km
paved: 8,165 km
unpaved: 35,032 km (1999 est.)
Egypt: total: 64,000 km
paved: 50,000 km
unpaved: 14,000 km (1996)
El Salvador: total: 10,029 km
paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways)
unpaved: 8,043 km (1997)
Equatorial Guinea: total: 2,880 km
paved: 0 km
unpaved: 2,880 km (1996)
Eritrea: total: 3,850 km
paved: 810 km
unpaved: 3,040 km (2000)
Estonia: total: 30,300 km
paved: 29,200 km (including 75 km of expressways); note - these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather
unpaved: 1,100 km (2000)
Ethiopia: total: 24,145 km
paved: 3,290 km
unpaved: 20,855 km (1998)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): total: 440 km
paved: 50 km
unpaved: 390 km
Faroe Islands: total: 463 km
paved: 454 km
unpaved: 9 km (1999)
Fiji: total: 3,440 km
paved: 1,692 km
unpaved: 1,748 km (1996)
Finland: total: 77,796 km
paved: 49,789 km (including 444 km of expressways)
unpaved: 28,042 km (1999)
France: total: 892,900 km
paved: 892,900 km (including 9,900 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1999)
French Guiana: total: 1,817 km
paved: 817 km
unpaved: 1,000 km (1998)
French Polynesia: total: 792 km
paved: 264 km
unpaved: 528 km (2000)
Gabon: total: 7,670 km
paved: 629 km (including 30 km of expressways)
unpaved: 7,041 km (1996)
Gambia, The: total: 2,700 km
paved: 956 km
unpaved: 1,744 km (1996)
Gaza Strip: total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
note: small, poorly developed road network
Georgia: total: 33,900 km
paved: 29,500 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)
unpaved: 4,400 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
Germany: total: 656,140 km
paved: 650,891 km (including 11,400 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,249 km (all-weather) (1998 est.)
Ghana: total: 39,409 km
paved: 11,653 km (including 30 km of expressways)
unpaved: 27,756 km (1997)
Gibraltar: total: 46.25 km
paved: 46.25 km
unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Greece: total: 117,000 km
paved: 107,406 km (including 470 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,594 km (1996)
Greenland: total: 150 km
paved: 60 km
unpaved: 90 km
Grenada: total: 1,040 km
paved: 638 km
unpaved: 402 km (1996)
Guadeloupe: total: 2,560 km
paved: 965 km
unpaved: 1,595 km (1996)
Guam: total: 885 km
paved: 675 km
unpaved: 210 km
note: there are also 685 km of roads classified non-public, including roads located on federal government installations
Guatemala: total: 13,856 km
paved: 4,370 km (including 140 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,486 km (1998)
Guernsey: total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Guinea: total: 30,500 km
paved: 5,033 km
unpaved: 25,467 km (1996)
Guinea-Bissau: total: 4,400 km
paved: 453 km
unpaved: 3,947 km (1996)
Guyana: total: 7,970 km
paved: 590 km
unpaved: 7,380 km (1996)
Haiti: total: 4,160 km
paved: 1,011 km
unpaved: 3,149 km (1996)
Holy See (Vatican City): none; all city streets
Honduras: total: 15,400 km
paved: 3,126 km
unpaved: 12,274 km (1999 est.)
Hong Kong: total: 1,831 km
paved: 1,831 km
unpaved: 0 km (1997)
Hungary: total: 188,203 km
paved: 81,680 km (including 448 km of expressways)
unpaved: 106,523 km (1998 est.)
Iceland: total: 12,691 km
paved: 3,262 km
unpaved: 9,429 km (1999)
India: total: 3,319,644 km
paved: 1,517,077 km
unpaved: 1,802,567 km (1996)
Indonesia: total: 342,700 km
paved: 158,670 km
unpaved: 184,030 km (1997)
Iran: total: 140,200 km
paved: 49,440 km (including 470 km of expressways)
unpaved: 90,760 km (1998 est.)
Iraq: total: 45,550 km
paved: 38,400 km
unpaved: 7,150 km (1996 est.)
Ireland: total: 92,500 km
paved: 87,043 km (including 115 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,457 km (1999 est.)
Israel: total: 15,965 km
paved: 15,965 km (including 56 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1998 est.)
Italy: total: 654,676 km
paved: 654,676 km (including 6460 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1997)
Jamaica: total: 19,000 km
paved: 13,433 km
unpaved: 5,567 km (1997)
Japan: total: 1,152,207 km
paved: 863,003 km (including 6,114 km of expressways)
unpaved: 289,204 km (1997 est.)
Jersey: total: 577 km (1995)
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Jordan: total: 8,000 km
paved: 8,000 km
unpaved: 0 km (2000 est.)
Kazakhstan: total: NA km
paved: 150,000 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather) (2000)
unpaved: NA km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather)
Kenya: total: 63,800 km
paved: 8,868 km
unpaved: 54,932 km (1996)
Kiribati: total: 670 km (1996)
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Korea, North: total: 31,200 km
paved: 1,997 km
unpaved: 29,203 km (1996)
Korea, South: total: 87,534 km
paved: 65,388 km (including 1,996 km of expressways)
unpaved: 22,146 km (1999)
Kuwait: total: 4,450 km
paved: 3,590 km
unpaved: 860 km (1999 est.)
Kyrgyzstan: total: 18,500 km (including 140 km of expressways)
paved: 16,854 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)
unpaved: 1,646 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1996)
Laos: total: 14,000 km
paved: 3,360 km
unpaved: 10,640 km (1991)
Latvia: total: 59,178 km
paved: 22,843 km
unpaved: 36,335 km (1998 est.)
Lebanon: total: 7,300 km
paved: 6,350 km
unpaved: 950 km (1999 est.)
Lesotho: total: 4,955 km
paved: 887 km
unpaved: 4,068 km (1996)
Liberia: total: 10,600 km
paved: 657 km
unpaved: 9,943 km
note: (there is major deterioration on all highways due to heavy rains and lack of maintenance) (1996 est.)
Libya: total: 24,484 km
paved: 6,800 km
unpaved: 17,684 km (1996)
Liechtenstein: total: 250 km
paved: 250 km
unpaved: 0 km
Lithuania: total: 44,000 km
paved: 35,500 km
unpaved: 8,500 km (2000)
Luxembourg: total: 5,166 km
paved: 5,166 km (including 118 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1999)
Macau: total: 50 km
paved: 50 km
unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: total: 8,684 km
paved: 5,540 km (including 133 km of expressways)
unpaved: 3,144 km (1997)
Madagascar: total: 49,837 km
paved: 5,781 km
unpaved: 44,056 km (1996)
Malawi: total: 16,451 km
paved: 3,126 km
unpaved: 13,325 km (1997)
Malaysia: total: 64,672 km
paved: 48,707 km (including 1,192 km of expressways)
unpaved: 15,965 km
note: in addition to these national and main regional roads, Malaysia has thousands of kilometers of local roads that are maintained by local jurisdictions (1999)
Maldives: total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km; note - Male has 9.6 km of coral highways within the city (1988 est.)
Mali: total: 15,100 km
paved: 1,827 km
unpaved: 13,273 km (1996)
Malta: total: 1,742 km
paved: 1,677 km
unpaved: 65 km (1997)
Man, Isle of: total: 800 km
paved: 800 km
unpaved: 0 km (1999)
Marshall Islands: total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
note: paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks
Martinique: total: 2,105 km (2000)
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Mauritania: total: 7,660 km
paved: 866 km
unpaved: 6,794 km (1996)
Mauritius: total: 1,910 km
paved: 1,834 km (including 36 km of expressways)
unpaved: 76 km (1998)
Mayotte: total: 93 km
paved: 72 km
unpaved: 21 km
Mexico: total: 323,977 km
paved: 96,221 km (including 6,335 km of expressways)
unpaved: 227,756 km (1997)
Micronesia, Federated States of: total: 240 km
paved: 42 km
unpaved: 198 km (1996)
Midway Islands: total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Moldova: total: 20,000 km
paved: 13,900 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)
unpaved: 6,100 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
Monaco: total: 50 km
paved: 50 km
unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Mongolia: total: 3,387 km
paved: 1,563 km
unpaved: 1,824 km
note: there are also 45,862 km of rural roads that consist of rough, unimproved, cross-country tracks (2000)
Montserrat: total: 269 km
paved: 203 km
unpaved: 66 km (1995)
Morocco: total: 57,847 km
paved: 30,254 km (including 327 km of expressways)
unpaved: 27,593 km (1998)
Mozambique: total: 30,400 km
paved: 5,685 km
unpaved: 24,715 km (1996)
Namibia: total: 63,258 km
paved: 5,250 km
unpaved: 58,008 km (1997 est.)
Nauru: total: 30 km
paved: 24 km
unpaved: 6 km (1998 est.)
Nepal: total: 13,223 km
paved: 4,073 km
unpaved: 9,150 km (April 1999)
Netherlands: total: 125,575 km
paved: 113,018 km (including 2,235 km of expressways)
unpaved: 12,557 km (1998)
Netherlands Antilles: total: 600 km
paved: 300 km
unpaved: 300 km (1992)
New Caledonia: total: 4,825 km
paved: 2,287 km
unpaved: 2,538 km (1999)
New Zealand: total: 92,200 km
paved: 53,568 km (including at least 144 km of expressways)
unpaved: 38,632 km (1996)
Nicaragua: total: 16,382 km
paved: 1,818 km
unpaved: 14,564 km (1998)
Niger: total: 10,100 km
paved: 798 km
unpaved: 9,302 km (1996)
Nigeria: total: 194,394 km
paved: 60,068 km (including 1,194 km of expressways)
unpaved: 134,326 km
note: many of the roads reported as paved may be graveled; because of poor maintenance and years of heavy freight traffic - in part the result of the failure of the railroad system - much of the road system is barely usable (1997)
Niue: total: 234 km
paved: 86 km
unpaved: 148 km (106 km of which is access and plantation road) (2001)
Norfolk Island: total: 80 km
paved: 53 km
unpaved: 27 km (2001)
Northern Mariana Islands: total: 362 km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km (1991)
Norway: total: 91,180 km
paved: 67,838 km (including 109 km of expressways)
unpaved: 23,342 km (1999)
Oman: total: 32,800 km
paved: 9,840 km (including 550 km of expressways)
unpaved: 22,960 km (1996)
Pakistan: total: 247,811 km
paved: 141,252 km (including 339 km of expressways)
unpaved: 106,559 km (1998)
Palau: total: 61 km
paved: 36 km
unpaved: 25 km
Palmyra Atoll: much of the road and many causeways built during World War II are unserviceable and overgrown (2001)
Panama: total: 11,592 km
paved: 4,079 km (including 30 km of expressways)
unpaved: 7,513 km (2000)
Papua New Guinea: total: 19,600 km
paved: 686 km
unpaved: 18,914 km (1996)
Paraguay: total: 25,901 km
paved: 3,067 km
unpaved: 22,834 km (2001)
Peru: total: 72,900 km
paved: 8,700 km
unpaved: 64,200 km (1999 est.)
Philippines: total: 199,950 km
paved: 39,590 km
unpaved: 160,360 km (1998 est.)
Pitcairn Islands: total: 6.4 km
paved: 0 km
unpaved: 6.4 km
Poland: total: 381,046 km
paved: 249,966 km (including 268 km of expressways)
unpaved: 131,080 km (1998)
Portugal: total: 68,732 km
paved: 59,110 km (including 797 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,622 km (1999)
Puerto Rico: total: 14,400 km
paved: 14,400 km
unpaved: 0 km (1996)
Qatar: total: 1,230 km
paved: 1,107 km
unpaved: 123 km (1996)
Reunion: total: 2,724 km
paved: 1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road)
unpaved: 1,424 km
note: 370 km of road are maintained by national authorities, 754 km by departmental authorities and 1600 km by local authorities (1994)
Romania: total: 153,359 km
paved: 103,671 km (including 133 km of expressways)
unpaved: 49,688 km (1998 est.)
Russia: total: 952,000 km
paved: 752,000 km (including, in addition to about 336,000 km of conventionally paved roads, about 416,000 km of roads, the surfaces of which have been stabilized with gravel or other coarse aggregates, making them trafficable in wet weather)
unpaved: 200,000 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1998)
Rwanda: total: 12,000 km
paved: 1,000 km
unpaved: 11,000 km (1997 est.)
Saint Helena: total: 158 km (Saint Helena 118 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)
paved: 138 km (Saint Helena 98km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)
unpaved: NA km 20 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 0 km)
Saint Kitts and Nevis: total: 320 km
paved: 136 km
unpaved: 184 km (2000)
Saint Lucia: total: 1,210 km
paved: 63 km
unpaved: 1,147 km (1996)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: total: 114 km
paved: 69 km
unpaved: 45 km (1994 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: total: 1,040 km
paved: 320 km
unpaved: 720 km (1996)
Samoa: total: 835 km
paved: 267 km
unpaved: 569 km (1983)
San Marino: total: 220 km
paved: 220 km
unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe: total: 320 km
paved: 218 km
unpaved: 102 km (1996)
Saudi Arabia: total: 146,524 km
paved: 44,104 km
unpaved: 102,420 km (1997 est.)
Senegal: total: 14,576 km
paved: 4,271 km
unpaved: 10,305 km (1996)
Seychelles: total: 373 km
paved: 315 km
unpaved: 58 km (1997)
Sierra Leone: total: 11,300 km
paved: 904 km
unpaved: 10,396 km (1997)
Singapore: total: 3,150 km
paved: 3,066 km (including 150 km of expressways)
unpaved: 84 km (2000)
Slovakia: total: 17,710 km
paved: 17,533 km (including 288 km of expressways)
unpaved: 177 km (1998 est.)
Slovenia: total: 19,586 km
paved: 17,745 km (including 249 km of expressways)
unpaved: 1,841 km (1998 est.)
Solomon Islands: total: 1,360 km
paved: 34 km
unpaved: 1,326 km (includes about 800 km of private plantation roads) (1996 est.)
Somalia: total: 22,100 km
paved: 2,608 km
unpaved: 19,492 km (1996)
South Africa: total: 358,596 km
paved: 59,753 km (including 1927 km of expressways)
unpaved: 298,843 km (1996)
Spain: total: 346,858 km
paved: 343,389 km (including 9,063 km of expressways)
unpaved: 3,469 km (1997)
Sri Lanka: total: 11,285 km
paved: 10,721 km
unpaved: 564 km (1998 est.)
Sudan: total: 11,900 km
paved: 4,320 km
unpaved: 7,580 km (1996)
Suriname: total: 4,530 km
paved: 1,178 km
unpaved: 3,352 km (1996)
Svalbard: total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Swaziland: total: 3,000 km
paved: 850 km
unpaved: 2,150 km (1997)
Sweden: total: 210,760 km
paved: 162,707 km (including 1,428 km of expressways)
unpaved: 48,053 km (1999)
Switzerland: total: 71,059 km (including 1,638 km of expressways)
paved: 71,059 km
unpaved: 0 km (1999)
Syria: total: 41,451 km
paved: 9,575 km (including 877 km of expressways)
unpaved: 31,876 km (1997)
Tajikistan: total: 29,900 km
paved: 21,400 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)
unpaved: 8,500 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
Tanzania: total: 88,200 km
paved: 3,704 km
unpaved: 84,496 km (1996)
Thailand: total: 64,600 km
paved: 62,985 km
unpaved: 1,615 km (1996)
Togo: total: 7,520 km
paved: 2,376 km
unpaved: 5,144 km (1996)
Tokelau: total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Tonga: total: 680 km
paved: 184 km
unpaved: 496 km (1996)
Trinidad and Tobago: total: 8,320 km
paved: 4,252 km
unpaved: 4,068 km (1996)
Tunisia: total: 23,100 km
paved: 18,226 km
unpaved: 4,874 km (1996)
Turkey: total: 382,059 km
paved: 106,976 km (including 1,726 km of expressways)
unpaved: 275,083 km (1999 est.)
Turkmenistan: total: 22,000 km
paved: 18,000 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)
unpaved: 4,000 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1996)
Turks and Caicos Islands: total: 121 km
paved: 24 km
unpaved: 97 km (2000)
Tuvalu: total: 8 km
paved: 0 km
unpaved: 8 km (1996)
Uganda: total: 27,000 km
paved: 1,800 km
unpaved: 25,200 km (of which about 4200 km are all-weather roads) (1990)
Ukraine: total: 273,700 km
paved: 236,400 km (including 1,770 km of expressways); note - (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)
unpaved: 37,300 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
United Arab Emirates: total: 4,835 km
paved: 4,835 km
unpaved: 0 km (1998 est.)
United Kingdom: total: 371,603 km
paved: 371,603 km (including 3,303 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1998 est.)
United States: total: 6,370,031 km
paved: 5,733,028 km (including 74,091 km of expressways)
unpaved: 637,003 km (1997)
Uruguay: total: 8,983 km
paved: 8,085 km
unpaved: 898 km (1999)
Uzbekistan: total: 81,600 km
paved: 71,237 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)
unpaved: 10,363 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1996)
Vanuatu: total: 1,070 km
paved: 256 km
unpaved: 814 km (1996)
Venezuela: total: 96,155 km
paved: 32,308 km
unpaved: 63,847 km (1997 est.)
Vietnam: total: 93,300 km
paved: 23,418 km
unpaved: 69,882 km (1996)
Virgin Islands: total: 856 km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km (2000)
Wallis and Futuna: total: 120 km (Ile Uvea 100 km, Ile Futuna 20 km)
paved: 16 km (all on Ile Uvea)
unpaved: 104 km (Ile Uvea 84 km, Ile Futuna 20 km)
West Bank: total: 4,500 km
paved: 2,700 km
unpaved: 1,800 km (1997 est.)
note: Israelis have developed many highways to service Jewish settlements
Western Sahara: total: 6,200 km
paved: 1,350 km
unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est.)
World: total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Yemen: total: 69,263 km
paved: 9,963 km
unpaved: 59,300 km (1999)
Yugoslavia: total: 48,603 km
paved: 28,822 km (including 560 km of expressways)
unpaved: 19,781 km (1998 est.)
note: because of the 1999 Kosovo conflict, many road bridges were destroyed; since the end of the conflict in June 1999, there has been an intensive program to either rebuild bridges or build by-pass routes
Zambia: total: 66,781 km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km (1997 est.)
Zimbabwe: total: 18,338 km
paved: 8,692 km
unpaved: 9,646 km (1996 est.)
Taiwan: total: 34,901 km
paved: 31,271 km (including 538 km of expressways)
unpaved: 3,630 km (1998 est.)
======================================================================
@HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate
Afghanistan: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
Albania: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
Algeria: 0.07% (1999 est.)
American Samoa: NA%
Andorra: NA%
Angola: 2.78% (1999 est.)
Anguilla: NA%
Antigua and Barbuda: NA%
Argentina: 0.69% (1999 est.)
Armenia: 0.01% (1999 est.)
Aruba: NA%
Australia: 0.15% (1999 est.)
Austria: 0.23% (1999 est.)
Azerbaijan: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
Bahamas, The: 4.13% (1999 est.)
Bahrain: 0.15% (1999 est.)
Bangladesh: 0.02% (1999 est.)
Barbados: 1.17% (1999 est.)
Belarus: 0.28% (1999 est.)
Belgium: 0.15% (1999 est.)
Belize: 2.01% (1999 est.)
Benin: 2.45% (1999 est.)
Bermuda: NA%
Bhutan: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
Bolivia: 0.1% (1999 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: 0.04% (1999 est.)
Botswana: 35.8% (1999 est.)
Brazil: 0.57% (1999 est.)
British Virgin Islands: NA%
Brunei: 0.2% (1999 est.)
Bulgaria: 0.01% (1999 est.)
Burkina Faso: 6.44% (1999 est.)
Burma: 1.99% (1999 est.)
Burundi: 11.32% (1999 est.)
Cambodia: 4.04% (1999 est.)
Cameroon: 7.73% (1999 est.)
Canada: 0.3% (1999 est.)
Cape Verde: NA%
Cayman Islands: NA%
Central African Republic: 13.84% (1999 est.)
Chad: 2.69% (1999 est.)
Chile: 0.19% (1999 est.)
China: 0.07% (1999 est.)
Christmas Island: NA%
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: NA%
Colombia: 0.31% (1999 est.)
Comoros: 0.12% (1999 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 5.07% (1999 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: 6.43% (1999 est.)
Cook Islands: NA%
Costa Rica: 0.54% (1999 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: 10.76% (1999 est.)
Croatia: 0.02% (1999 est.)
Cuba: 0.03% (1999 est.)
Cyprus: 0.1% (1999 est.)
Czech Republic: 0.04% (1999 est.)
Denmark: 0.17% (1999 est.)
Djibouti: 11.75% (1999 est.)
Dominica: NA%
Dominican Republic: 2.8% (1999 est.)
Ecuador: 0.29% (1999 est.)
Egypt: 0.02% (1999 est.)
El Salvador: 0.6% (1999 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: 0.51% (1999 est.)
Eritrea: 2.87% (1999 est.)
Estonia: 0.04% (1999 est.)
Ethiopia: 10.63% (1999 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): NA%
Faroe Islands: NA%
Fiji: 0.07% (1999 est.)
Finland: 0.05% (1999 est.)
France: 0.44% (1999 est.)
French Guiana: NA%
French Polynesia: NA%
Gabon: 4.16% (1999 est.)
Gambia, The: 1.95% (1999 est.)
Gaza Strip: NA%
Georgia: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
Germany: 0.1% (1999 est.)
Ghana: 3.6% (1999 est.)
Gibraltar: NA%
Greece: 0.16% (1999 est.)
Greenland: NA%
Grenada: NA%
Guadeloupe: NA%
Guam: NA%
Guatemala: 1.38% (1999 est.)
Guernsey: NA%
Guinea: 1.54% (1999 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: 2.5% (1999 est.)
Guyana: 3.01% (1999 est.)
Haiti: 5.17% (1999 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City): NA%
Honduras: 1.92% (1999 est.)
Hong Kong: 0.06% (1999 est.)
Hungary: 0.05% (1999 est.)
Iceland: 0.14% (1999 est.)
India: 0.7% (1999 est.)
Indonesia: 0.05% (1999 est.)
Iran: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
Iraq: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
Ireland: 0.1% (1999 est.)
Israel: 0.08% (1999 est.)
Italy: 0.35% (1999 est.)
Jamaica: 0.71% (1999 est.)
Japan: 0.02% (1999 est.)
Jersey: NA%
Jordan: 0.02% (1999 est.)
Kazakhstan: 0.04% (1999 est.)
Kenya: 13.95% (1999 est.)
Kiribati: NA%
Korea, North: NA%
Korea, South: 0.01% (1999 est.)
Kuwait: 0.12% (1999 est.)
Kyrgyzstan: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
Laos: 0.05% (1999 est.)
Latvia: 0.11% (1999 est.)
Lebanon: 0.09% (1999 est.)
Lesotho: 23.57% (1999 est.)
Liberia: 2.8% (1999 est.)
Libya: 0.05% (1999 est.)
Liechtenstein: NA%
Lithuania: 0.02% (1999 est.)
Luxembourg: 0.16% (1999 est.)
Macau: NA%
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
Madagascar: 0.15% (1999 est.)
Malawi: 15.96% (1999 est.)
Malaysia: 0.42% (1999 est.)
Maldives: 0.05% (1999 est.)
Mali: 2.03% (1999 est.)
Malta: 0.52% (1999 est.)
Man, Isle of: NA%
Marshall Islands: NA%
Martinique: NA%
Mauritania: 1.8% (2000 est.)
Mauritius: 0.08% (1999 est.)
Mayotte: NA%
Mexico: 0.29% (1999 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of: NA%
Moldova: 0.2% (1999 est.)
Monaco: NA%
Mongolia: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
Montserrat: NA%
Morocco: 0.03% (1999 est.)
Mozambique: 13.22% (1999 est.)
Namibia: 19.54% (1999 est.)
Nauru: NA%
Nepal: 0.29% (1999 est.)
Netherlands: 0.19% (1999 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: NA%
New Caledonia: NA%
New Zealand: 0.06% (1999 est.)
Nicaragua: 0.2% (1999 est.)
Niger: 1.35% (1999 est.)
Nigeria: 5.06% (1999 est.)
Niue: NA%
Norfolk Island: NA%
Northern Mariana Islands: NA%
Norway: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Oman: 0.11% (1999 est.)
Pakistan: 0.1% (1999 est.)
Palau: NA%
Panama: 1.54% (1999 est.)
Papua New Guinea: 0.22% (1999 est.)
Paraguay: 0.11% (1999 est.)
Peru: 0.35% (1999 est.)
Philippines: 0.07% (1999 est.)
Pitcairn Islands: NA%
Poland: 0.07% (1999 est.)
Portugal: 0.74% (1999 est.)
Puerto Rico: NA%
Qatar: 0.09% (1999 est.)
Reunion: NA%
Romania: 0.02% (1999 est.)
Russia: 0.18% (1999 est.)
Rwanda: 11.21% (1999 est.)
Saint Helena: NA%
Saint Kitts and Nevis: NA%
Saint Lucia: NA%
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: NA%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: NA%
Samoa: NA%
San Marino: NA%
Sao Tome and Principe: NA%
Saudi Arabia: 0.01% (1999 est.)
Senegal: 1.77% (1999 est.)
Seychelles: NA%
Sierra Leone: 2.99% (1999 est.)
Singapore: 0.19% (1999 est.)
Slovakia: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
Slovenia: 0.02% (1999 est.)
Solomon Islands: NA%
Somalia: NA%
South Africa: 19.94% (1999 est.)
Spain: 0.58% (1999 est.)
Sri Lanka: 0.07% (1999 est.)
Sudan: 0.99% (1999 est.)
Suriname: 1.26% (1999 est.)
Svalbard: 0% (2001)
Swaziland: 25.25% (1999 est.)
Sweden: 0.08% (1999 est.)
Switzerland: 0.46% (1999 est.)
Syria: 0.01% (1999 est.)
Tajikistan: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
Tanzania: 8.09% (1999 est.)
Thailand: 2.15% (1999 est.)
Togo: 5.98% (1999 est.)
Tokelau: NA%
Tonga: NA%
Trinidad and Tobago: 1.05% (1999 est.)
Tunisia: 0.04% (1999 est.)
Turkey: 0.01% (1999 est.)
Turkmenistan: 0.01% (1999 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands: NA%
Tuvalu: NA%
Uganda: 8.3% (1999 est.)
Ukraine: 0.96% (1999 est.)
United Arab Emirates: 0.18% (1999 est.)
United Kingdom: 0.11% (1999 est.)
United States: 0.61% (1999 est.)
Uruguay: 0.33% (1999 est.)
Uzbekistan: less than 0.01% (1999 est.)
Vanuatu: NA%
Venezuela: 0.49% (1999 est.)
Vietnam: 0.24% (1999 est.)
Virgin Islands: NA%
Wallis and Futuna: NA%
West Bank: NA%
Western Sahara: NA%
World: NA%
Yemen: 0.01% (1999 est.)
Yugoslavia: NA%
Zambia: 19.95% (1999 est.)
Zimbabwe: 25.06% (1999 est.)
======================================================================
@HIV/AIDS - deaths
Afghanistan: NA
Albania: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Algeria: NA
American Samoa: NA
Andorra: NA
Angola: 15,000 (1999 est.)
Anguilla: NA
Antigua and Barbuda: NA
Argentina: 1,800 (1999 est.)
Armenia: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Aruba: NA
Australia: 100 (1999 est.)
Austria: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Azerbaijan: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Bahamas, The: 500 (1999 est.)
Bahrain: NA
Bangladesh: 1,000 (1999 est.)
Barbados: 130 (1999 est.)
Belarus: 400 (1999 est.)
Belgium: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Belize: 170 (1999 est.)
Benin: 5,600 (1999 est.)
Bermuda: NA
Bhutan: NA
Bolivia: 380 (1999 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Botswana: 24,000 (1999 est.)
Brazil: 18,000 (1999 est.)
British Virgin Islands: NA
Brunei: NA
Bulgaria: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Burkina Faso: 43,000 (1999 est.)
Burma: 48,000 (1999 est.)
Burundi: 39,000 (1999 est.)
Cambodia: 14,000 (1999 est.)
Cameroon: 52,000 (1999 est.)
Canada: 400 (1999 est.)
Cape Verde: NA
Cayman Islands: NA
Central African Republic: 23,000 (1999 est.)
Chad: 10,000 (1999 est.)
Chile: 1,000 (1999 est.)
China: 17,000 (1999 est.)
Christmas Island: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: NA
Colombia: 1,700 (1999 est.)
Comoros: NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 95,000 (1999 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: 8,600 (1999 est.)
Cook Islands: NA
Costa Rica: 750 (1999 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: 72,000 (1999 est.)
Croatia: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Cuba: 120 (1999 est.)
Cyprus: NA
Czech Republic: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Denmark: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Djibouti: 3,100 (1999 est.)
Dominica: NA
Dominican Republic: 4,900 (1999 est.)
Ecuador: 1,400 (1999 est.)
Egypt: NA
El Salvador: 1,300 (1999 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: 120 (1999 est.)
Eritrea: NA
Estonia: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Ethiopia: 280,000 (1999 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): NA
Faroe Islands: NA
Fiji: NA
Finland: less than 100 (1999 est.)
France: 2,000 (1999 est.)
French Guiana: NA
French Polynesia: NA
Gabon: 2,000 (1999 est.)
Gambia, The: 1,400 (1999 est.)
Gaza Strip: NA
Georgia: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Germany: 600 (1999 est.)
Ghana: 33,000 (1999 est.)
Gibraltar: NA
Greece: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Greenland: NA
Grenada: NA
Guadeloupe: NA
Guam: NA
Guatemala: 3,600 (1999 est.)
Guernsey: NA
Guinea: 5,600 (1999 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: 1,300 (1999 est.)
Guyana: 900 (1999 est.)
Haiti: 23,000 (1999 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City): NA
Honduras: 4,200 (1999 est.)
Hong Kong: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Hungary: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Iceland: less than 100 (1999 est.)
India: 310,000 (1999 est.)
Indonesia: 3,100 (1999 est.)
Iran: NA
Iraq: NA
Ireland: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Israel: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Italy: 1,000 (1999 est.)
Jamaica: 650 (1999 est.)
Japan: 150 (1999 est.)
Jersey: NA
Jordan: NA
Kazakhstan: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Kenya: 180,000 (1999 est.)
Kiribati: NA
Korea, North: NA
Korea, South: 180 (1999 est.)
Kuwait: NA
Kyrgyzstan: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Laos: 130 (1999 est.)
Latvia: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Lebanon: NA
Lesotho: 16,000 (1999 est.)
Liberia: 4,500 (1999 est.)
Libya: NA
Liechtenstein: NA
Lithuania: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Luxembourg: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Macau: NA
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Madagascar: 870 (1999 est.)
Malawi: 70,000 (1999 est.)
Malaysia: 1,900 (1999 est.)
Maldives: NA
Mali: 9,900 (1999 est.)
Malta: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Man, Isle of: NA
Marshall Islands: NA
Martinique: NA
Mauritania: 610 (1999 est.)
Mauritius: NA
Mayotte: NA
Mexico: 4,700 (1999 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of: NA
Moldova: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Monaco: NA
Mongolia: NA
Montserrat: NA
Morocco: NA
Mozambique: 98,000 (1999 est.)
Namibia: 18,000 (1999 est.)
Nauru: NA
Nepal: 2,500 (1999 est.)
Netherlands: 100 (1999 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: NA
New Caledonia: NA
New Zealand: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Nicaragua: 360 (1999 est.)
Niger: 6,500 (1999 est.)
Nigeria: 250,000 (1999 est.)
Niue: NA
Norfolk Island: NA
Northern Mariana Islands: NA
Norway: 8 (1999)
Oman: NA
Pakistan: 6,500 (1999 est.)
Palau: NA
Panama: 1,200 (1999 est.)
Papua New Guinea: 450 (1999 est.)
Paraguay: 220 (1999 est.)
Peru: 4,100 (1999 est.)
Philippines: 1,200 (1999 est.)
Pitcairn Islands: NA
Poland: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Portugal: 280 (1999 est.)
Puerto Rico: NA
Qatar: NA
Reunion: NA
Romania: 350 (1999 est.)
Russia: 850 (1999 est.)
Rwanda: 40,000 (1999 est.)
Saint Helena: NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis: NA
Saint Lucia: NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: NA
Samoa: NA
San Marino: NA
Sao Tome and Principe: NA
Saudi Arabia: NA
Senegal: 7,800 (1999 est.)
Seychelles: NA
Sierra Leone: 8,200 (1999 est.)
Singapore: 210 (1999 est.)
Slovakia: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Slovenia: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Solomon Islands: NA
Somalia: NA
South Africa: 250,000 (1999 est.)
Spain: 2,000 (1999 est.)
Sri Lanka: 490 (1999 est.)
Sudan: NA
Suriname: 210 (1999 est.)
Svalbard: 0 (2001)
Swaziland: 7,100 (1999 est.)
Sweden: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Switzerland: 150 (1999 est.)
Syria: NA
Tajikistan: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Tanzania: 140,000 (1999 est.)
Thailand: 66,000 (1999 est.)
Togo: 14,000 (1999 est.)
Tokelau: NA
Tonga: NA
Trinidad and Tobago: 530 (1999 est.)
Tunisia: NA
Turkey: NA
Turkmenistan: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands: NA
Tuvalu: NA
Uganda: 110,000 (1999 est.)
Ukraine: 4,000 (1999 est.)
United Arab Emirates: NA
United Kingdom: 450 (1999 est.)
United States: 20,000 (1999 est.)
Uruguay: 150 (1999 est.)
Uzbekistan: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Vanuatu: NA
Venezuela: 2,000 (1999 est.)
Vietnam: 2,500 (1999 est.)
Virgin Islands: NA
Wallis and Futuna: NA
West Bank: NA
Western Sahara: NA
World: NA
Yemen: NA
Yugoslavia: NA
Zambia: 99,000 (1999 est.)
Zimbabwe: 160,000 (1999 est.)
Taiwan: NA
======================================================================
@HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS
Afghanistan: NA
Albania: less than 100 (2000 est.)
Algeria: NA
American Samoa: NA
Andorra: NA
Angola: 160,000 (1999 est.)
Anguilla: NA
Antigua and Barbuda: NA
Argentina: 130,000 (1999 est.)
Armenia: less than 500 (1999 est.)
Aruba: NA
Australia: 14,000 (1999 est.)
Austria: 9,000 (1999 est.)
Azerbaijan: less than 500 (1999 est.)
Bahamas, The: 6,900 (1999 est.)
Bahrain: NA
Bangladesh: 13,000 (1999 est.)
Barbados: 1,800 (1999 est.)
Belarus: 14,000 (1999 est.)
Belgium: 7,700 (1999 est.)
Belize: 2,400 (1999 est.)
Benin: 70,000 (1999 est.)
Bermuda: NA
Bhutan: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Bolivia: 4,200 (1999 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: NA
Botswana: 290,000 (1999 est.)
Brazil: 540,000 (1999 est.)
British Virgin Islands: NA
Brunei: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Bulgaria: NA
Burkina Faso: 350,000 (1999 est.)
Burma: 530,000 (1999 est.)
Burundi: 360,000 (1999 est.)
Cambodia: 220,000 (1999 est.)
Cameroon: 540,000 (1999 est.)
Canada: 49,000 (1999 est.)
Cape Verde: NA
Cayman Islands: NA
Central African Republic: 240,000 (1999 est.)
Chad: 92,000 (1999 est.)
Chile: 15,000 (1999 est.)
China: 500,000 (1999 est.)
Christmas Island: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: NA
Colombia: 71,000 (1999 est.)
Comoros: NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: 1.1 million (1999 est.)
Congo, Republic of the: 86,000 (1999 est.)
Cook Islands: NA
Costa Rica: 12,000 (1999 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire: 760,000 (1999 est.)
Croatia: 350 (1999 est.)
Cuba: 1,950 (1999 est.)
Cyprus: 400 (1999 est.)
Czech Republic: 2,200 (1999 est.)
Denmark: 4,300 (1999 est.)
Djibouti: 37,000 (1999 est.)
Dominica: NA
Dominican Republic: 130,000 (1999 est.)
Ecuador: 19,000 (1999 est.)
Egypt: NA
El Salvador: 20,000 (1999 est.)
Equatorial Guinea: 1,100 (1999 est.)
Eritrea: NA
Estonia: less than 500 (1999 est.)
Ethiopia: 3 million (1999 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): NA
Faroe Islands: NA
Fiji: NA
Finland: 1,100 (1999 est.)
France: 130,000 (1999 est.)
French Guiana: NA
French Polynesia: NA
Gabon: 23,000 (1999 est.)
Gambia, The: 13,000 (1999 est.)
Gaza Strip: NA
Georgia: less than 500 (1999 est.)
Germany: 37,000 (1999 est.)
Ghana: 340,000 (1999 est.)
Gibraltar: NA
Greece: 8,000 (1999 est.)
Greenland: 100 (1999)
Grenada: NA
Guadeloupe: NA
Guam: NA
Guatemala: 73,000 (1999 est.)
Guernsey: NA
Guinea: 55,000 (1999 est.)
Guinea-Bissau: 14,000 (1999 est.)
Guyana: 15,000 (1999 est.)
Haiti: 210,000 (1999 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City): NA
Honduras: 63,000 (1999 est.)
Hong Kong: 2,500 (1999 est.)
Hungary: 2,500 (1999 est.)
Iceland: 200 (1999 est.)
India: 3.7 million (1999 est.)
Indonesia: 52,000 (1999 est.)
Iran: NA
Iraq: NA
Ireland: 2,200 (1999 est.)
Israel: 2,400 (1999 est.)
Italy: 95,000 (1999 est.)
Jamaica: 9,900 (1999 est.)
Japan: 10,000 (1999 est.)
Jersey: NA
Jordan: NA
Kazakhstan: 3,500 (1999 est.)
Kenya: 2.1 million (1999 est.)
Kiribati: NA
Korea, North: NA
Korea, South: 3,800 (1999 est.)
Kuwait: NA
Kyrgyzstan: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Laos: 1,400 (1999 est.)
Latvia: 1,250 (1999 est.)
Lebanon: NA
Lesotho: 240,000 (1999 est.)
Liberia: 39,000 (1999 est.)
Libya: NA
Liechtenstein: NA
Lithuania: less than 500 (1999 est.)
Luxembourg: NA
Macau: NA
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Madagascar: 11,000 (1999 est.)
Malawi: 800,000 (1999 est.)
Malaysia: 49,000 (1999 est.)
Maldives: NA
Mali: 100,000 (1999 est.)
Malta: NA
Man, Isle of: NA
Marshall Islands: NA
Martinique: NA
Mauritania: 6,600 (1999 est.)
Mauritius: NA
Mayotte: NA
Mexico: 150,000 (1999 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of: NA
Moldova: 4,500 (1999 est.)
Monaco: NA
Mongolia: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Montserrat: NA
Morocco: NA
Mozambique: 1.2 million (1999 est.)
Namibia: 160,000 (1999 est.)
Nauru: NA
Nepal: 34,000 (1999 est.)
Netherlands: 15,000 (1999 est.)
Netherlands Antilles: NA
New Caledonia: NA
New Zealand: 1,200 (1999 est.)
Nicaragua: 4,900 (1999 est.)
Niger: 64,000 (1999 est.)
Nigeria: 2.7 million (1999 est.)
Niue: NA
Norfolk Island: NA
Northern Mariana Islands: NA
Norway: 1,600 (1999 est.)
Oman: NA
Pakistan: 74,000 (1999 est.)
Palau: NA
Panama: 24,000 (1999 est.)
Papua New Guinea: 5,400 (1999 est.)
Paraguay: 3,000 (1999 est.)
Peru: 48,000 (1999 est.)
Philippines: 28,000 (1999 est.)
Pitcairn Islands: NA
Poland: NA
Portugal: 36,000 (1999 est.)
Puerto Rico: NA
Qatar: NA
Reunion: NA
Romania: 7,000 (1999 est.)
Russia: 130,000 (1999 est.)
Rwanda: 400,000 (1999 est.)
Saint Helena: NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis: NA
Saint Lucia: NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: NA
Samoa: NA
San Marino: NA
Sao Tome and Principe: NA
Saudi Arabia: NA
Senegal: 79,000 (1999 est.)
Seychelles: NA
Sierra Leone: 68,000 (1999 est.)
Singapore: 4,000 (1999 est.)
Slovakia: 400 (1999 est.)
Slovenia: 200 (1999 est.)
Solomon Islands: NA
Somalia: NA
South Africa: 4.2 million (1999 est.)
Spain: 120,000 (1999 est.)
Sri Lanka: 7,500 (1999 est.)
Sudan: NA
Suriname: 3,000 (1999 est.)
Svalbard: 0 (2001)
Swaziland: 130,000 (1999 est.)
Sweden: 3,000 (1999 est.)
Switzerland: 17,000 (1999 est.)
Syria: NA
Tajikistan: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Tanzania: 1.3 million (1999 est.)
Thailand: 755,000 (1999 est.)
Togo: 130,000 (1999 est.)
Tokelau: NA
Tonga: NA
Trinidad and Tobago: 7,800 (1999 est.)
Tunisia: NA
Turkey: NA
Turkmenistan: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands: NA
Tuvalu: NA
Uganda: 820,000 (1999 est.)
Ukraine: 240,000 (1999 est.)
United Arab Emirates: NA
United Kingdom: 31,000 (1999 est.)
United States: 850,000 (1999 est.)
Uruguay: 6,000 (1999 est.)
Uzbekistan: less than 100 (1999 est.)
Vanuatu: NA
Venezuela: 62,000 (1999 est.)
Vietnam: 100,000 (1999 est.)
Virgin Islands: NA
Wake Island: NA
Wallis and Futuna: NA
West Bank: NA
Western Sahara: NA
World: NA
Yemen: NA
Yugoslavia: NA
Zambia: 870,000 (1999 est.)
Zimbabwe: 1.5 million (1999 est.)
Taiwan: NA
======================================================================
@Household income or consumption by
Household income or consumption by percentage share
Country profile category: Economy
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z
Afghanistan: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Albania: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Algeria: lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 26.8% (1995)
American Samoa: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Andorra: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Angola: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Anguilla: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Antigua and Barbuda: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Argentina: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Armenia: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Aruba: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Australia: lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 25.4% (1994)
Azerbaijan: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Bahamas, The: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Bahrain: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Bangladesh: lowest 10%: 3.9%
highest 10%: 28.6% (1995-96 est.)
Barbados: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Belarus: lowest 10%: 4.9%
highest 10%: 19.4% (1993)
Belgium: lowest 10%: 3.7%
highest 10%: 20.2% (1992)
Belize: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Benin: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Bermuda: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Bhutan: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Bolivia: lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 31.7% (1990)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Botswana: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Brazil: lowest 10%: 1%
highest 10%: 47.6% (1996)
British Virgin Islands: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Brunei: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Bulgaria: lowest 10%: 3.4%
highest 10%: 22.5% (1995)
Burkina Faso: lowest 10%: 2.2%
highest 10%: 39.5% (1994)
Burma: lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 32.4% (1998)
Burundi: lowest 10%: 3.4%
highest 10%: 26.6% (1992)
Cambodia: lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 33.8% (1997)
Cameroon: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Canada: lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 23.8% (1994)
Cape Verde: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Cayman Islands: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Central African Republic: lowest 10%: 0.7%
highest 10%: 47.7% (1993)
Chad: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Chile: lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 41.3% (1998)
China: lowest 10%: 2.4%
highest 10%: 30.4% (1998)
Christmas Island: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Cocos (Keeling) Islands: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Colombia: lowest 10%: 1%
highest 10%: 44% (1999)
Comoros: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Congo, Democratic Republic of the: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Congo, Republic of the: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Cook Islands: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Costa Rica: lowest 10%: 1.3%
highest 10%: 34.7% (1996)
Cote d'Ivoire: lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 28.8% (1995)
Croatia: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Cuba: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Cyprus: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Czech Republic: lowest 10%: 4.3%
highest 10%: 22.4% (1996)
Denmark: lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 24% (2000 est.)
Djibouti: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Dominica: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Dominican Republic: lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 39.6% (1989)
Ecuador: lowest 10%: 2.2%
highest 10%: 33.8% (1995)
Egypt: lowest 10%: 4.4%
highest 10%: 25% (1995)
El Salvador: lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 38.3% (1995)
Equatorial Guinea: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Eritrea: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Estonia: lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 28.5% (1996)
Ethiopia: lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 33.7% (1995)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas): lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Faroe Islands: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Fiji: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Finland: lowest 10%: 4.2%
highest 10%: 21.6% (1991)
France: lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 25.1% (1995)
French Guiana: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
French Polynesia: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Gabon: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Gambia, The: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Gaza Strip: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Georgia: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Ghana: lowest 10%: 3.6%
highest 10%: 26.1% (1997)
Gibraltar: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Greece: lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 25.3% (1993 est.)
Greenland: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Grenada: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Guadeloupe: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Guam: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Guatemala: lowest 10%: 0.6%
highest 10%: 46.6% (1989)
Guernsey: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Guinea: lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 32% (1994)
Guinea-Bissau: lowest 10%: 0.5%
highest 10%: 42.4% (1991)
Guyana: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Haiti: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Holy See (Vatican City): lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Honduras: lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 42.1% (1996)
Hong Kong: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Hungary: lowest 10%: 3.9%
highest 10%: 24.8% (1996)
Iceland: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
India: lowest 10%: 3.5%
highest 10%: 33.5% (1997)
Indonesia: lowest 10%: 3.6%
highest 10%: 30.3% (1996)
Iran: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Iraq: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Ireland: lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 27.3% (1997)
Israel: lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 26.9% (1992)
Italy: lowest 10%: 3.5%
highest 10%: 21.8% (1995)
Jamaica: lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 28.9% (1996)
Japan: lowest 10%: 4.8%
highest 10%: 21.7% (1993)
Jersey: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Jordan: lowest 10%: 2.4%
highest 10%: 34.7% (1991)
Kazakhstan: lowest 10%: 2.7%
highest 10%: 26.3% (1996)
Kenya: lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 34.9% (1994)
Kiribati: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Korea, North: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Korea, South: lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 24.3% (1993)
Kuwait: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Kyrgyzstan: lowest 10%: 2.7%
highest 10%: 31.7% (1997)
Laos: lowest 10%: 4.2%
highest 10%: 26.4% (1992)
Latvia: lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 25.9% (1998)
Lebanon: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Lesotho: lowest 10%: 0.9%
highest 10%: 43.4% (1986-87)
Liberia: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Libya: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Liechtenstein: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Lithuania: lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 25.6% (1996)
Luxembourg: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Macau: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Madagascar: lowest 10%: 1.9%
highest 10%: 36.7% (1993)
Malawi: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Malaysia: lowest 10%: 1.4%
highest 10%: 20.4% (1997 est.)
Maldives: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Mali: lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 40.4% (1994)
Malta: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Man, Isle of: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Marshall Islands: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Martinique: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Mauritania: lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 29.9% (1995)
Mauritius: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Mayotte: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Mexico: lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 36.6% (1996)
Micronesia, Federated States of: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Moldova: lowest 10%: 2.7%
highest 10%: 25.8% (1992)
Monaco: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Mongolia: lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 24.5% (1995)
Montserrat: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Morocco: lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 30.9% (1998-99)
Mozambique: lowest 10%: 2.5%
highest 10%: 31.7% (1996-97)
Namibia: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Nauru: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Nepal: lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 29.8% (1995-96)
Netherlands: lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 25.1% (1994)
Netherlands Antilles: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
New Caledonia: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
New Zealand: lowest 10%: 0.3%
highest 10%: 29.8% (1991 est.)
Nicaragua: lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 39.8% (1993)
Niger: lowest 10%: 0.8%
highest 10%: 35.4% (1995)
Nigeria: lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 40.8% (1996-97)
Niue: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Norfolk Island: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Northern Mariana Islands: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Norway: lowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 21.8% (1995)
Oman: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Pakistan: lowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 27.7% (1996)
Palau: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Panama: lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 35.7% (1997)
Papua New Guinea: lowest 10%: 1.7%
highest 10%: 40.5% (1996)
Paraguay: lowest 10%: 0.7%
highest 10%: 46.6% (1995)
Peru: lowest 10%: 1.9%
highest 10%: 34.3% (1994)
Philippines: lowest 10%: 1.5%
highest 10%: 39.3% (1998)
Pitcairn Islands: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Poland: lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 26.3% (1996)
Portugal: lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.)
Puerto Rico: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Qatar: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Reunion: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Romania: lowest 10%: 3.8%
highest 10%: 20.2% (1992)
Russia: lowest 10%: 1.7%
highest 10%: 38.7% (1998)
Rwanda: lowest 10%: 4.2%
highest 10%: 24.2% (1983-85)
Saint Helena: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Saint Kitts and Nevis: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Saint Lucia: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Samoa: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
San Marino: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Sao Tome and Principe: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Saudi Arabia: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Senegal: lowest 10%: 1.4%
highest 10%: 42.8% (1991)
Seychelles: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Sierra Leone: lowest 10%: 0.5%
highest 10%: 43.6% (1989)
Singapore: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Slovakia: lowest 10%: 5.1%
highest 10%: 18.2% (1992)
Slovenia: lowest 10%: 3.2%
highest 10%: 20.7% (1995)
Solomon Islands: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Somalia: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
South Africa: lowest 10%: 1.1%
highest 10%: 45.9% (1994)
Spain: lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 25.2% (1990)
Sri Lanka: lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 39.7% (1995-96 est.)
Sudan: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Suriname: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Svalbard: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Swaziland: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Sweden: lowest 10%: 3.7%
highest 10%: 20.1% (1992)
Switzerland: lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 25.2% (1992)
Syria: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Tajikistan: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Tanzania: lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 30.2% (1993)
Thailand: lowest 10%: 2.5%
highest 10%: 37.1% (1992)
Togo: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Tokelau: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Tonga: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Trinidad and Tobago: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Tunisia: lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 30.7% (1990)
Turkey: lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 32.3% (1994)
Turkmenistan: lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 31.7% (1998)
Turks and Caicos Islands: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Tuvalu: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Uganda: lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 33.4% (1992)
Ukraine: lowest 10%: 3.9%
highest 10%: 26.4% (1996)
United Arab Emirates: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
United Kingdom: lowest 10%: 2.6%
highest 10%: 27.3% (1991)
United States: lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 30.5% (1997)
Uruguay: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Uzbekistan: lowest 10%: 3.1%
highest 10%: 25.2% (1993)
Vanuatu: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Venezuela: lowest 10%: 1.5%
highest 10%: 35.6% (1995)
Vietnam: lowest 10%: 3.5%
highest 10%: 29% (1993)
Virgin Islands: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Wallis and Futuna: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
West Bank: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Western Sahara: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
World: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Yemen: lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 30.8% (1992)
Yugoslavia: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Zambia: lowest 10%: 1.6%
highest 10%: 39.2% (1995)
Zimbabwe: lowest 10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 46.9% (1990)
Taiwan: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
======================================================================
@Illicit drugs
Afghanistan: world's largest illicit opium producer, surpassing Burma (potential production in 1999 - 1,670 metric tons; cultivation in 1999 - 51,500 hectares, a 23% increase over 1998); a major source of hashish; increasing number of heroin-processing laboratories being set up in the country; major political factions in the country profit from drug trade
Albania: increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to a far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium and cannabis production; ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and rapidly expanding in Europe
Angola: increasingly used as a transshipment point for cocaine and heroin destined for Western Europe and other African states
Anguilla: transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Antigua and Barbuda: considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as a drug-money-laundering center
Argentina: use as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe and the US; increasing use as a money-laundering center; domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers is increasing
Armenia: illicit cultivator of cannabis mostly for domestic consumption; increasingly used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs - mostly opium and hashish - to Western Europe and the US via Iran, Central Asia, and Russia
Aruba: drug-money-laundering center and transit point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe
Australia: Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate
Austria: transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe
Azerbaijan: limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; transshipment point for opiates via Iran, Central Asia, and Russia to Western Europe
Bahamas, The: transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; banking industry vulnerable to money laundering
Bangladesh: transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries
Barbados: one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for Europe and the US
Belarus: limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe
Belgium: growing producer of synthetic drugs; transit point for US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe |
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