Macbeth, king of Scotland; son of Finlay MacRuari; parentage; property in Ross and Cromarty; king of Scotland; slain; visited Rome; MacHeth.

MacFrisgyn, William; (see Freskyn, William).

MacHeth, or MacAoidh, see Mackay, deriv. of name.

MacHeth, Donald.

MacHeth, Malcolm; earl of Ross; dau. Gormflaith m. Harold Maddadson; personated by Wemund.

Mac-in-Tagart, Ferchar; see Ross, earl of.

Mackay (MacHeth) clan; came from Moray to Sutherland; Freskyns guardians of Moray against MacHeths; occupation of Durness; rebellion of MacHeths of Moray; the chief m. dan. of bishop; children of Heth attacked Hakon's expedition; largely blended with Norse.

Mackay, Iye Mor.

Mackay, Book of, (Angus Mackay).

MacWilliam, earl of Caithness (?) (Scots Peerage).

Maddad, earl of Athole; m. Margret, dau. of earl Hakon Paulson; visited by Sweyn; his death.

Maeshowe, runes of.

Magbiod, or Macbeth, earl; fought at Skidamyre, C.

Magnus the Good, king of Norway; grants Orkney to Ragnvald Brusison; Thorfinn's visit.

Magnus Barelegs, king of Norway; expeditions to Scotland; father of Harald Gillikrist; why called "barelegs".

Magnus the Blind, king of Norway; defeated by king Harald at Floruvoe.

Magnus Erlingson, king of Norway; fell at Norafjord.

Magnus Hakonson, crowned king of Norway in his father's lifetime; ceded Hebrides to Scotland.

Magnus, king of Man; joined Hakon's expedition.

Magnus, or Mangi, son of Eric Stagbrellir; fared to Norway, fell at Norafjord; his home.

Magnus Erlendson, St., earl and saint; in expedition to Wales; in England and Wales; went to Caithness after king Magnus' death and received as earl there; his steward in Orkney killed by earl Hakon; dispute with earl Hakon; slew his cousin, Dufnjal, and Thorbjorn in Burrafirth; his marriage; his share seized by Hakon, upon which he went to England; martyrdom; burial in Birsay, and removal of relics to St. Magnus' Cathedral, Kirkwall; legends, character and appearance; his sister, Gunnhild, m. Kol; his successor in estate; cathedral built by his nephew, earl Ragnvald; his heirs; Snaekoll Gunni's son, representative of his line; heirs of his share of Caithness earldom; his sagas see below; his life; took Erlend share of earldom; Scottish candidate for earldom of C.; mixed blood.

Magnus II, earl of Orkney and Caithness; obscure pedigree; parentage; erroneously called son of Gillebride of Angus; his name suggests a Norse mother of the line of earl Erlend; perambulated lands of Arbroath Abbey; not a minor on earl John's death; regarding his supposed son, Magnus; grant of earldom of south Caith.; probably possessed by line of Erlend; supposed marriage to the nameless dau. of earl John; got earl John's earldom lands and title; remainder of the earldom granted to him as son of a sister of earl Harald Ungi; neither he nor wife claimed any part of Strathnaver lands; Sutherland excluded from earldom; Erlend line excluded from Orkney since Ragnvald's death (excepting Harald Ungi); earl of Orkney; Caith. lands of the Angus line of earls; death, successor.

Magnus III, Gibbonson, earl of Orkney and Caithness; extent of his estate in Caithness; in Bergen with king Hakon (1263); his position as earl of C.; stayed behind under orders to follow Hakon; deserted him; reconciled to Alexander III and to king of Norway.

Magnus, son of Havard Gunni's son.

Magnus' Cathedral, St., Kirkwall; relics of saint were removed to; erected by St. Ragnvald; king Hakon temporarily buried in; built by Norse.

Magnus Saga, St.

Magnus Saga the Longer.

Magnus Saga the Short.

Magnus Hakonson Saga.

Magnus, Spittal of St., near Halkirk.

Magnusson, Eirikr; transl. of Darratha-liod.

Maiming, made a Northman impossible.

Mainland, Orkney; Thorfinn's Hall; meeting between earls Hakon and Magnus.

Malbrigde of the buck-tooth.

Malcolm I, (954).

Malcolm II, king of Scotland; dau. m. Sigurd Hlodverson; kingdom of Scotland produced; contemporary records begin; defeated Norse at Mortlach; his daughters; Macbeth also supposed son of his sister; policy in Caith. and Orkney; death; kinsman, Moldan, maormor of Caith.; his dream of a consolidated kingdom realised.

Malcolm III, Canmore, king of Scotland; m. Ingibjorg, Thorfinn's widow; m. 2nd, St. Margaret, introduced Saxon nobility; his son Duncan II, whose descendant was Donald Ban MacWilliam.

Malcolm IV, granted half earldom of Caithness to Erlend Haraldson; defeated Somarled; his death.

Malcolm, supposed son of Malcolm III.

Malcolm, earl of Caithness and Angus; earl of Caith. (1232-36); earl of C. as guardian of a minor, as trustee or custos; his dau. heiress, and successors.

Maldred, of Cumbria.

Malise, earl of Stratherne; m. Matilda, dau. of Gibbon, earl.

Malise II, earl of Orkney and Caithness; heir of Matilda, dau. of earl Gibbon; conveyed Berridale, to Reginald More, and Reginald Chen III; descendant of the lines of Paul and Erlend.

Mallard River; see Ardovyr, deriv.

Mamgarvie, near Inverness.

Man; Sweyn's annual raids; earl Harold Maddadson in; Ragnvald Gudrodson, king of; returned to Man; king Magnus of M. joined Hakon's expedition; conquered by Alexander III after Largs; incorporated in Scotland.

Maor and maormor, Pictish rulers.

Margaret, St.; 2nd wife of king Malcolm Canmore.

Margaret's Hope, St.; Orkney.

Margret, earl Hakon's dau.; brought up by Frakark in Kildonan; m. Maddad, earl of Athole; visited by Sweyn; received her brother earl Paul, his fate; returned to Orkney, had a child by Gunni, Sweyn's brother; eloped with Erlend the Young; contemporary of Freskyn I; younger sister of Ingibiorg.

Margret, dau. of earl Harold Maddadson and Afreka.

Matilda, countess of Angus; heiress of Malcolm, earl of A., m. (1) John Comyn; m. (2) Gilbert d'Umphraville, earl of A.

Matilda, dau. of Gibbon, earl of Orkney and Caithness, m. Malise, earl of Stratherne.

Matilda.

Mearns; why no brochs?; Cirig, for Magh-Circinn, or, Mearns, a Pictish province.

Melrose, Chronicle of;

Melsnati.

Menteith; Fortrenn, a Pictish province.

Michel, Francisque; Chroniques Anglo-Normandes.

Minch, the, or Skotlands-fiorthr.

Missel (probably Frisel or Fraser), in embassy to Norway.

Moddan, earl of C.; parentage; sister's son of Duncan I; at North Berwick; slain by Thorkel Fostri; his family in Caithness.

Moddan, in Dale, and family; possible son of earl Moddan; the clan and family; held the hills and upper parts of valleys; family and Pictish clansmen; family plots; clan harried by Sweyn; his daughters and estates; dau. Helga; Eric Stagbrellir's children sole heirs; family lands; Harald Ungi's title to Moddan lands; Gunni, Ragnhild's husband, became chief of M. clan; estates left to earl Erlend Haraldson, then went to Eric Stagbrellir; Snaekoll Gunni's son next heir to estates; Johanna inherited Moddan lands; estates passed to Norman families.

Moldan, (see Moddan), of Duncansby; kinsman of Scots king; connection with Moddan family.

Monuments of C. and S., early.

Moravia, family, de; see Freskin.

Moraviensis, Registrum Episcopatus.

Moray, province of; Pictish province of Fidach including Ross; northern limit of Roman penetration; no brochs; Norse influence; last Pictish province subdued by Scots; wars between kings of Alban and the Norsemen in; Pictish clergy driven from seaboard by Norse; Norse driven from laigh of M.; taken from Norse; Norse defeated at Mortlach; ravaged by earl Thorfinn Sigurdson; bishopric founded; estate of Freskyn de Moravia; earl Waltheof burnt in his house; a barrier to Scottish civilisation; Pictish province stretched across to the Minch; defeat of Picts of M. at Stracathro; Register of Moray; Freskyn estate; rebellions; feudal barons repel Eystein's invasion; rebellion subdued; estates of Freskyn; earl Harold Maddadson's expedition; Freskyn family appointed guardians; rebellion of MacHeths; king William's expedition against thanes of Ross: chartulary; revolt of Donald Ban MacWilliam; king Hakon's proposed raid (1263); no Norse place-names on seaboard; Pictish inhabitants scattered, the Mackays to Durness.

Moray, bishops of; Andrew Freskyn; grant from Johanna of Strathnaver; Archibald, regrant to Reginald Chen II; Felix.

Moray, Gilbert, archdeacon of and bishop of Caithness.

Moray, Richard of; brother of Gilbert; fell repulsing Norse.

Moray, Shaw's.

More, Loch.

More, Reginald; chamberlain of Scotland.

Morgan; first name of clan Mackay, MacHeth, or MacAoidh.

Mortlach, in Moray; Norse defeated by Malcolm II.

Morton, Reg. Hon. de, earl of Katanay.

Mound, the; Craig Amlaiph near.

Mounth, or Grampians, home of Caledonians.

Mousa Broch; used by run-away honeymoon couples.

Munch, P.A.; History of Norway.

Mungo, or Kentigern, St., in Strathclyde and Pictland.

Murkfjord or Myrkfjord (possibly Loch Glendhu).

Murkle, C.

Mydalr, Iceland.

Nairn.

Naver, Loch; broch; River Naver; lands of Moddan family; Dovyr.

Naver, River; Dalharrold; see Dovyr.

Nechtan.

Nerbon, sae-borg on the; Bilbao on the Nervion.

Ness, now Caithness. See Cait and Caithness.

New Spalding Club; Records of Elgin.

Niorfa Sound (Straits of Gibraltar).

Nisbet's Heraldry.

Norafjord in Sogn.

Normans; Conquest; families accepted as chiefs; influence of, in Caithness and Sutherland.

Norman architecture; St. Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall.

Norse mythology; of early settlers in Britain.

Norsemen; occupation of Caith. and Sutherland; no women brought; early Norse rulers; defeated at Mortlach; raids on Moray coast; Freskyns appointed guardians of Moray against; expedition against south Hebrides; invasion of Sutherland repulsed at Embo; law and language in Orkney and Shetland; intermarriage with Celts; influence of, on British law; religion of early settlers in British Isles; destroyed culture of St. Columba; enslaved aborigines in their colonies; their place-names in Scotland; settled on coasts and lower valleys; subdued by Scots in north; Gaelic language adopted by; few monuments in Scotland; domestic and ecclesiastical buildings of wood or stone; York Powell on; discovery of America, and Africa.

Norse Influence on Celtic Scotland, (George Henderson).

Northman and Pict.

Norway; viking raids on British Isles; trade with Grimsby; earl Ragnvald visited king Ingi; earl Ragnvald returned from Jerusalem through Norway; Margaret, queen of N.; Scottish embassy to; Hebrides ceded to Scotland.

Norway, kings of; Harald Harfagr, (860-933); Eric Bloody-axe, (930-935); Olaf Tryggvi's son, (995-1000); Magnus the Good, (1035-1047); Harald Sigurdson Hardrada, (1045-1066); Olaf Haraldson, (1067-1093); Magnus Barelegs, (1093-1103); Sigurd Magnusson, (1103-1130); Magnus the Blind, (1130-1135); Harald Gilli, (1130-1136); Eystein Haraldson, (1142-1157); Ingi, (1136-1161); Magnus Erlingson, (1162-1184); Sverrir, (1184-1202); Hakon, Sverri's son, (1202-1204); Hakon Hakonson, (1217-1263); Magnus Hakonson, (1263-1280); Christian I, (1459-1481), q.v.

Norway, History of, P.A. Munch.

Ochill, (Oykel).

Odal lands; in Orkney; none in Cat.

Odin; blood-eagle rite; worshipped by Norse in Britain; Sigurd Hlodverson died fighting for; and defeated at Clontarf.

Olaf, king of Norway; received Thorfinn Sigurdson, earl of Orkney and Caithness; and Thorkel Fostri; his award; killed at Stiklastad.

Olaf's Saga, St.; account of earls of Orkney.

Olaf Haraldson Kyrre, king of Norway.

Olaf Tryggvi's-son; conversion of Sigurd Hlodverson.

Olaf Tryggvason Saga; account of earls of Orkney.

Olaf Bitling, king of the Sudreys; m. Ingibiorg, daughter of earl Hakon.

Olaf the White, king of Dublin; invasion of Scotland.

Olaf, king of Man.

Olaf Hrolfson, father of Sweyn and Gunni.

Olaf, son-in-law of earl Harold Maddadson.

Old-Lore Miscellany (Viking Society); Darratha-liod; authorship O.S.; Orkney and Shetland Folk.

Old-shore (Asleifarvik).

Oliphant family; charters, earldom of Caithness.

Olvir Rosta; grandson of Frakark; aid sought by earl Ragnvald; defeated in sea fight; burned Sweyn's father, Olaf; fled before Sweyn and not heard of afterwards; no direct heirs; his contemporary, Freskyn I; supposed ancestor of Macaulays.

Orcades, of Torfaeus; for transl. see Pope, Alex.

Ord of Caithness; king William marched his army to, against earl Harald; Man of.

Origines Parochiales Scotiae.

Orkney; St. Kentigern's mission; Picts; influence of Gael on Norse; foundation of Norse earldom; earls' attacks on north of Scotland; succession of earls; converted by Olaf Tryggvi's son; under Norway; first cathedral and bishop's seat at Birsay; double bishops; a contingent in expedition against Saxons; trade with Grimsby; the bishops; Sweyn's viking life; agriculture; invasion of earl Harald Ungi; earl Harold Maddadson, after defeat by Ragnvald Gudrodson, fled to; Cobbie Row Castle, in; the gaedingar of the earl of Orkney; king Hakon at; and died in Kirkwall, in the palace of bishop; mortgaged to Scotland; adopted English with many Norse words; old Norse ballad sung in 18th cent.; proposed Scot. conquest after Norse reverse at Largs; annular eclipse of sun in 1263; Orkney and Shetland colonised mainly from the fjords north of Bergen; see also Orkney and Caithness, earls of.

Orkney and Caithness, earls of; (see also under their individual names); Ragnvald; Sigurd Eysteinson; Guthorm Sigurdson; Hallad Ragnvaldson; Torf-Einar Ragnvaldson; Arnkell, Erlend and Thorfinn Hausa-kliufr, sons of Torf-Einar; Arnfinn, Havard, Hlodver, Ljot and Skuli, sons of Thorfinn; Sigurd Hlodverson; Somarled, Brusi, Einar and Thorfinn, sons of Sigurd; Ragnvald Brusi's son; Paul Thorfinnson; Erlend Thorfinnson; Sigurd Magnusson, son of k. Magnus Barelegs; Hakon Paulson; St. Magnus Erlendson; Paul Hakonson the Silent; Harald Hakonson Slettmali; Erlend Haraldson; St. Ragnvald Kolson; Harald Ungi; Harold Maddadson; David Haroldson; John Haroldson; no pedigree of earls after John; diploma of earls unreliable; various theories as to genealogy of the earls after John; no claim to earldom of Orkney by Johanna of Strathnaver; diploma on earldom of Sutherland; Malcolm, earl of C. and Angus; Magnus II, son of Gilchrist, earl of Angus; Gibbon; Magnus III Gibbonson; Malise II, heir of Matilda, dau. of earl Gibbon; the earldom acquired through females; unknown earls; MacWilliam; Gilbert; Olaf.

Orkney and Shetland Folk, (Viking Society, Old-lore Miscellany and reprint), A.W. Johnston.

Orkney and Shetland, (Tudor); Ellar-holm.

Orkney and Shetland Records, (Viking Society).

Orkneyinga Saga (Rolls text and transl.); historical record until 12th cent.; battle of Turfness; Thorfinn's life; St. Magnus; authorship; Ragnvald and Sweyn Saga; its end; Somarled the Freeman slain; earl Harold Maddadson's family; earls; Wick and Thurso; transl. by Hjaltalin and Goudie; Thorfinn's residence in C; residence of Frakark; Atjokl's Bakki.

Orm, earl; m. Sigrid, not Ingibjorg, dau. of Finn Arnason.

Orphir; the earl's hall burned; round church; incident of the poisoned shirt; earl Paul's Yule feast, Sweyn slew Sweyn; Jarls' Bu; earl Ragnvald at.

Orphir; The Round Church and Earl's Bu of, (Viking Society Saga-Book), A.W. Johnston.

Osmundwall, or Kirk Hope, Orkney; conversion of Sigurd Hlodverson; king Hakon's fleet in.

Oswy, king.

Ottar, earl in Thurso; his heir; son of Moddan in Dale; probably owned Thurso valley; paid wergeld to Sweyn; his lands left to earl Erlend Haraldson, and afterwards went to Eric Stagbrellir; his estates, forming the Moddan lands in Caith., held by Ragnhild and Gunni; Johanna of Strathnaver a connection.

Ottar, son of Snaekoll Gunnison.

Ousedale, or Eysteinsdal.

Oxford Essays, (Sir G.W. Dasent); Norsemen in Iceland.

Oykel; boundary between Cat and Ross; identified as the Norse Ekkjal; family of Freskyn de Moravia settled north of the; in Sweyn's track to burn Frakark; crossed by king William.

Papa Stronsay.

Papa Westray.

Paplay; location.

Paul Hakonson, the Silent, earl of Orkney and Caith.; his mother, 52; lived in Orkney, 58; banished Frakark and Helga from Orkney, 59; sole earl, 60; not a speaker at things, 60; refused to share earldom with St. Ragnvald, 61; defeated earl Ragnvald, 62; seized his fleet in Shetland, 62; yule feast at Orphir, 62; kidnapped by Sweyn, 62; deported to Athole, his fate, 63.

Paul Thorfinnson, earl of Orkney and Caith.; joint earl of O. with his brother Erlend; at battle of Stamford Bridge; banished to Norway, where he died; his descendants; his daughters; Scottish policy regarding later succession in Caithness; Skene's theory as to Johanna of Strathnaver; the converse theory; John the last male of Paul's line; his share of earldom of C., descended to daughter and Angus line of C. earls.

Pentland Firth.

Perth; court held (1260); treaty of.

Peter, St.

Peter's church, St., Duffus.

Peter's church, St., Thurso.

Peter's pence.

Petty, William Freskyn of.

Picts; settlements of hermits and missionaries; chronicles; Pictish church replaced by Catholic church; driven eastward and northward by Scots; seven provinces; P. and Northmen; hunters and fishers; brochs for defence, arms, etc.; clans; non-seafaring Celts; never conquered by Romans; did not have mastery of sea in Norse times; Christian missions and Columban church; viking invasion; Pictish language superseded by Gaelic; never dispossessed of upper parts of valleys throughout Norse occupation; conquered by Scots; language, "P" Celtic; Picts of Athole, Moray, Ross and Cat; Pictish church and Pictish province of Ross and Moray resisted Scottish civilisation; Normans accepted as chiefs; their Christianity; Norse drove clergy from Orkney, N.E. Caithness, coasts of Sutherland and sea-board of Ross and Moray; Norse attacks on Picts, effect of; their lands seized by Norse.

Pictish Nation and Church, The; (Rev. A.B. Scott), Pictish navy.

Pictland; St. Ninian's mission; St. Kentigern's mission.

Picts and Scots, Chronicle of the; origin of brochs; (Tighernac); the Pictish navy.

Place-names; Norse p.n. preserved; near brochs.

Plantula, dau. of Malcolm II, m. Sigurd, earl of Orkney.

Platagall, "flat of the stranger," old name of Golspie.

Pluscardensis, Liber.

Pope, Alexander, of Reay; a tradition of Snaekoll's return; transl. Torf.

Popes; Innocent III, letter.

Powell, York.

Prehistoric races.

Primrose J.; Hist, and Antiq. of the Parish of Uphall.

Rafn the Lawman; chief of stewards of Caithness; remained as lawman; at bishop Adam's burning; in derivation of Dunrobin—Drum-Rafn.

Ragnhild, dau. of Eric Bloody-axe.

Ragnhild, dau. of Eric Stagbrellir; sister of earl Harald Ungi; m. (2) Gunni; by whom she had a son, Snaekoll; her children the only heirs of Ragnvald and of Moddan; at home near Loch Naver; m. (1) Lifolf Baldpate; Johanna of Strathnaver, her sole descendant after 1232; held Moddan lands.

Ragnvald, jarl of Maeri; made first Norse earl of Orkney; slain in Norway.

Ragnvald Brusi's son, earl of Orkney; personal appearance; at Stiklastad; in Russia; Thorfinn's claims and their sea fight; escaped to Norway; returned and burned Thorfinn's hall; his slaughter; his grave; Kali Kolson named after him.

Ragnvald, son of Eric Stagbrellir; fared to Norway; lived near Loch Naver; sole male representative of Erlend Thorfinnson; not known what became of him.

Ragnvald Gudrodson, the viking; his descent; his title to earldom; invaded Caithness.

Ragnvald Kolson, St., earl of Orkney and Caith.; sold odal lands back to bonder, to raise money for St. Magnus' cathedral; letter from David I; re-named after Ragnvald Brusi's son; estates in Caith. and Sutherland; personal description; accomplishments; earldom grant confirmed by king Harald; sought aid of Frakark to win earldom; defeated by earl Paul in a sea fight; earl Paul seized his fleet in Shetland; escaped to Norway; returned to Westray; assisted Sweyn against Frakark; welcomed Sweyn on his return from Frakark's burning; reconciled Sweyn and Thorbiorn; besieged Sweyn in Lambaborg; reconciled to Sweyn; visited king Ingi in Norway; his eastern pilgrimage; description of route, etc.; visited queen Ermengerde at Bilbao; visited Jordan, Jerusalem, Constantinople, etc.; returned to Turfness; in Shetland; in Sutherland at his daughter's wedding; reconciled to earl Harold at Thurso; reconciled earl Harold and Sweyn; annual deer-hunt in Caith.; slain by Thorbiorn; buried in St. Magnus' cathedral; his only child; had lands in Caith., and managed earldom; never earl of Caith.; succeeded through a female; his mother and dau.; his half of Caith. earldom conferred on his grandson, Harald Ungi; his lands in Orkney claimed by Snaekoll; who was representative of his line; his share of Caith. earldom inherited by Johanna; his poetry.

Ragnvaldsvoe, South Ronaldsay.

Rautharbiorg or Rattar Brough; sea fight.

Raven-banner of Sigurd, jarl.

Redcastle is Eddirdovyr.

Red deer and reindeer in C. and S.

Redesdale, lord of.

Reeves' Life of St. Columba.

Register House, Edinburgh; list of Oliphant charters.

Reindeer, or elk; horns found in Sutherland.

Ri-Crois, at Embo.

Rinansey, Rinarsey (Ninian's Island), now North Ronaldsay.

Rinar's Hill.

Robert, legendary second earl of Sutherland.

Rogart.

Roger, bishop of St. Andrews.

Roland of Galloway.

Roland's Geo, Papa Stronsay.

Romans in Britain; Caledonians not conquered.

Ronaldsay, North; Darratha-Liod recited.

Roseisle.

Ross; northern part of Airergaithel; Picts; Pictish clergy; subdued by Thorfinn; bishopric founded; claimed by Henry, son of earl Harold and Afreka; Malcolm MacHeth cr. earl; Pictish province; bishopric refused by Andrew Freskyn; marches; earldom; king William's expedition; earl Harold Maddadson's expedition; boundary; king William's expedition against thanes of Ross; Norse place-names; Macbeth's property.

Ross, earl of; Ferchar Mac-in-Tagart; granted land to Walter de Moravia on his daughter's marriage; career; lay abbot of Applecross; knighted for a victory in Galloway; cr. earl of Ross in 1226; second earl, William MacFerchar, harried Hebrides.

Ross, Euphemia of; m. Walter de Moravia.

Rossal (Rossewal).

Saemund, of Iceland.

Saga-Book of the Viking Society.

Saga-time, Ruins of.

Saga; writer's historical accuracy; Norse crossed with Gaelic blood produced the Saga.

Sandvik, Deerness.

Saxon nobility and Scotland; St. Margaret.

Scandinavian Britain, by (W.G. Collingwood).

Scapa Flow.

Scatt; of Orkney.

Scilly Isles.

Scir-Illigh, old name of Kildonan parish.

Scon, Lib. Eccles. de.

Scone.

Scotichronicon.

Scotland.

Scotland, Annals of, (Lord Hailes).

Scotland, Annals of the Reigns of Malcolm and William, Kings of, (Lawrie).

Scotland, Bain's Calendar of Documents relating to; Freskin signatory of National Bond.

Scotland, Early Christian Monuments of, (J. Romilly Allen).

Scotland, Early Chronicles relating to, (Sir Herbert Maxwell).

Scotland, Early Kings of, (Robertson's); on earls of Angus.

Scotland, History of, (Hume Brown).

Scotland in Early Christian Times, (Joseph Anderson).

Scotland in Pagan Times, (Joseph Anderson).

Scotland, Prehistoric, (Munro).

Scotland, Register of the Great Seal of.

Scotland, S.A., Proceedings.

Scots.

Scots Peerage, The, (Sir J.B. Paul); MacWilliam, earl of C.

Scott, A.B.; The Pictish Nation and Church.

Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers, (A.O. Anderson).

Scottish Charters, Early, (Lawrie).

Scottish Historical Review.

Scottish Kings, (Sir A.H. Dunbar).

Scrabster.

Scrope; Days of Deerstalking.

Shakespeare.

Shenachu, or Carn Shuin.

Shaw's Moray.

Shetland.

Shetland, Antiquities of, (Gilbert Goudie).

Ships; Viking, British, Pictish, Roman; Pictish coracles.

Sidera; Sigurd's Howe.

Sigrid.

Sigtrigg Silkbeard, king of Dublin.

Sigurd Eysteinson, earl, conquered C. and S.; Odin; buried.

Sigurd Hlodverson, jarl; his conversion; marriage; in Darrath-Liod; his wife, dau. of Malcolm II.

Sigurd Magnuson; prince of Orkney.

Sigurd Marti.

Sigurd Slembi-diakn.

Sigurd's Howe, Cyderhall.

Skaill, Norse skali.

Skali, Norse farm-house.

Skardi, a "gap" in place-names.

Skelbo, (Skail-bo).

Skelpick, deriv.

Skene, W.F.; Chronicle of the Picts and Scots, q.v. Highlanders of Scotland, q.v. Celtic Scotland, q.v.

Skidamyre (Skitten in Watten) C.

Skotlands-fiorthr, or Minch.

Skuli, duke.

Skuli Thorfinnson, cr. earl.

Snaekolf, son of Moldan.

Snaekoll Gunni's son; parentage; sole male representative of Erlend and Moddan lines, claimed earl Ragnvald's lands from earl John; heir of Erlend lands in Caith.; killed earl John; return to Caith.; father of Johanna of Strathnaver; deriv. of name.

Somarled Sigurdson, earl of Orkney and Caith.

Somarled the Freeman; slain in the Isles by Sweyn Asleifarson.

Somarled of Argyll, in rebellion.

Sorlinc, or Surclin, castle of; in William the Wanderer, at Helmsdale, Scir-Illigh.

Southern Isles.

Spalding Club.

Spittal of St. Magnus.

Spynie, near Elgin; cathedral.

Standing Stane, Duffus.

Stenhouse, Watten.

Stefansson, Jon.

Store Point.

Strabrock, now Uphall and Broxburn.

Stracathro.

Strathclyde.

Stratherne, earls of; Fereteth, in rebellion; Malise, m. Matilda dau. of Gibbon; see also Malise II.

Strathmore, in Halkirk.

Strathnaver; lady Johanna of; grant of lands for Elgin cathedral; Johanna's estate.

Strathnaver valley.

Strathnavern; lady; Moddan lands; Freskin of Duffus, in.

Strathyla; charter.

String, The; Orkney.

Sturlunga Saga, Prolegomena by Vigfusson.

Sudreys (see also Hebrides and Southern Isles).

Sutherland (Sudrland); part of ancient Pictish province of Cait, q.v.; its boundaries; outwardly much the same now as in Pictish times; deer abounded; Pictish clergy driven from coasts by Norse; subdued by Thorfinn; Norse earls; seized by earl Hakon; Liot Nidingr; much owned by Moddan family; Norse steadily lost hold of; Celts kept their land; Norse driven outwards and eastward; family of Freskyn de Moravia; Norse occupied fertile parts; freed from Norse influence in 1266; inventory of ancient monuments; writing began in 12th cent.; Orkneyinga Saga only record before 12th cent.; earlier notices; land and people at arrival of Norsemen, all owned by Hugo Freskyn; earl Harald Slettmali seated in; seldom visited by earl Paul; Frakark burnt alive; Strath Helmsdale; Sweyn's raid; earl Ragnvald at his daughter's wedding; children of Eric Stagbrellir; William de Sutherlandia; Mackay settlement; Innes family; part of old earldom of Caithness; granted to Hugo Freskyn; excluded from grant of half of earldom of Caithness to Harald Ungi; subdued by king William; services of Freskyn family; lordship of Sutherland; erected into an earldom after 10th Oct. 1237; escaped attack by king Hakon; Norse adopted Gaelic language; Norse place-names; part settled by Mackays; Freskyns introduced into; inhabitants of Gael-Norse blend; no thanes of Moravia line in; horns of reindeer or elk found; see also Orkney and Caithness.

Sutherland, earls of; fictitious earls, Alane, Walter and Robert; Freskyn de Moravia ancestor of; William Freskyn, first earl; William (1275), litigation with bishop; case of Elizabeth, claimant of earldom. See also Freskyn.

Sutherland, Genealogie of the Earles of, (Sir R. Gordon); on Alane, thane of S.; treated as fiction; boundaries of Sutherland.

Sutherland Book; William MacFrisgyn omitted; on Johanna of Strathnaver; references.

Sutherland and the Reay Country, (A. Gunn).

Sutherland, Inventory of the Monuments in.

Sutherland; duke of.

Sverrir, king of Norway.

Sverri's Saga.

Swart Ironhead.

Swart Kell, or Cathal Dhu.

Swelchie (whirl-pool) near Stroma.

Sweyn; ancestor of Gunn family; his son, Andres; his father, Olaf, burned at Ducansby, his mother, Asleif; his character; burned Frakark; his brother, Gunni; quarrels with earl Harold; annual viking cruises and life described; death at Dublin.

Sweyn Breast-rope.

Syre.

Tankerness.

Templar church of Orphir.

Thanes; none of Moravia line in Sutherland.

Thing (parliament), in Caithness.

Thora, queen of Norway.

Thora, mother of earl St. Magnus.

Thorbiorn Klerk, grandson of Frakark; tutor to earl Harold Maddadson; m. Ingirid, sister of Sweyn; his character; burned Waltheof; divorces Sweyn's sister; instigated quarrel between earls in Thurso; viking raid; ambushed earl Ragnvald; burnt alive; no direct heirs.

Thorbjorn in Burrafirth, Shetland.

Thorfinn, son of Harold Maddadson; in rebellion against Scotland; promised as hostage to king William.

Thorfinn, a farmer, C.

Thorfinn Sigurdson, earl of Orkney and Caith.; birth; cr. earl of Caith. and Sutherland; ancestor of all subsequent Norse earls; established at Duncansby; character; claimed Orkney; war with Duncan I; at Deerness; Turfness; conquests in Fife; Ragnvald Brusi-son co-earl; raids on England; his wife, Ingibjorg; "king of Catanesse,"; claimed two-thirds of Orkney; sole earl; visited Rome; death; chronology; his widow m. king Malcolm Canmore; earl Erlend his grandson's grandson.

Thorfinn Torf-Einarson Hausa-kliufr (skull-cleaver), earl, m. Grelaud.

Thorgisl.

Thorgisl, Saga of.

Thorir Rognvaldson.

Thorir Treskegg.

Thorkel Amundson, or Fostri; at Sandvik, Deerness, slew Einar; and Moddan; and Ragnvald Brusi-son.

Thorkel, son of Cathal Dhu of C.

Thorleif, Frakark's sister.

Thorolf, bishop of Orkney.

Thorsdale; valley of Thurso river.

Thorstan the White.

Thorstein the Red, seized C. and S.; father of Groa, who m. Duncan, maormor of Cat.

Thorstein, son of Hall O' Side.

Thurso; the river; earl Moddan killed at; Ottar, jarl in; earl Harold Maddadson seized; earls Ragnvald and Harold reconciled; St. Peter's church; earls' residence.

Tighernac, The Annals of.

Torfaeus, Orcades, q.v., for transl. see Pope, Alex.

Torf-Einar Ragnvaldson, earl; slew Halfdan Halegg.

Turfness (probably Burghead), Moray; battle; Ragnvald Kali went to; held by Norse.

Tweed.

Ulbster.

Ulern.

Ulf the Bad.

Ulfreksfirth (Larne Bay).

Ulster.

Undal, Peter Clauson.

Unes, or Little Ferry.

Uphall, History and Antiquities of, (J. Primrose).

Valentia.

Valthiof, brother of Sweyn.

Varangian Guard.

Vallich, Loch, or Bealach.

Vikings; origin; settlers as well as raiders; settlements place-names, including the; intermarriage, influence; held and named most of coasts and valleys of Cat and Ross; survival of place and personal names; Valhalla influence; ships; traders.

Viking Age, The, (Du Chaillu).

Viking expeditions.

Viking Society for Northern Research. Publications: Saga-Rook (Proceedings), The Round Church and Earl's Bu of Orphir; Year-Book, 150 (ns. 24, 28); Old-Lore Miscell. of O.S.C. and S., q.v.; Orkney and Shetland Records, q.v.; Caithness and Sutherland Records, q.v.; Ruins of Saga-Time, q.v.

Wales.

Walter de Baltroddi, bishop.

Waltheof, earl.

Wardships, granted by Crown.

Wemund (monk).

Wergeld, for Halfdan; Olaf Hrolfson.

Wick; earl Harald Ungi defeated; earls' residence.

Widow.

Will. Newburgh Chron.

William the Lion; charter of Strabrock; confirmed charter in Sutherland; service of Wm. Freskyn; grant to Gaufrid Blundus; crowned; first conquest of Caithness, Sutherland granted to Hugo Freskyn; with army in Ross; war against Donald Ban MacWilliam; defeated Thorfinn, Harold's son; subdued Sutherland and Caithness; conferred half of earldom of C. on Harald Ungi; conferred it on Ragnvald Gudrodson; came to terms with Harald; war with thanes of Ross; the dau. of John as hostage; treaty with John, Caithness; death.

William, son of Gillebride, uncle of Magnus II.

William FitzDuncan, son of Duncan II.

William the Old, bishop of Orkney; at Egilsay; went to the east.

William the Wanderer, transl. W.G. Collingwood; Thorfinn, "king of Catanesse,".

Wolves, in Cat.

Worsae; The Prehistory of the North.

Wrath, Cape.

Wyntoun's Chronicle.

Wyre, Vigr, now called Veira; Cobbie Row's Castle.

Yell Sound.

Yorkshire ridings, trithings.

Yuletide; feasts.

THE END