CLUB FIELDING RECORD.

Rank Clubs Number Put Assists. Errors. Total Per c. Of Outs. Chances Chances Games Offered. Accepted. - - + - 1 Cincinnati 136 3671 2266 445 6382 .940 2 Athletic 136 3623 2315 422 6360 .934 3 St. Louis 137 3635 2092 432 6159 .930 4 Baltimore 137 3597 2226 452 6269 .928 5 Brooklyn 143 3851 2318 508 6677 .924 6 {Kansas City 132 3471 2321 500 6292 .921 {Cleveland 134 3484 2217 487 6188 .921 7 Louisville 137 3631 2307 566 6504 .913 + - - - Total 8963 18056 3812 50831 .927

CHICAGO GAMES.

The following is the record of the "Chicago" games played in the American Association championship arena in 1888, games in which the defeated nine fails to score a single run:

CLUBS. K C L a S i B C o n V t B A n a l u s i . r t c l e i a c o h i t v s s t L o l n i e v o o k e n m l i C r u l t a o a l i i i y i t r n l t e s n c i e d e y s . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - -+ St. Louis 3 2 0 2 4 1 0 12 Brooklyn 1 1 1 0 3 1 1 8 Athletic 1 1 2 2 1 1 5 13 Cincinnati 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 9 Baltimore 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 Cleveland 1 0 0 2 1 0 2 6 Louisville 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 6 Kansas City 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 4 + - - - - - - - - - Defeats 4 9 5 7 8 12 5 11 61

EXTRA INNINGS GAME.

The ganes-victories, defeats and drawn-which required extra innings to be played, were as follows:

Clubs K C L a S i B C o n V t B A n a l u s I . r t c l e i a c o h i t v s s t L o l n i e v o D o k e n m l i C r r u l t a o a l I i a i y i t r n l t e w s n c i e d e y s n . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - St. Louis 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 5 2 Brooklyn 2 2 3 0 0 2 1 10 2 Athletic 1 1 2 1 0 2 0 7 2 Cincinnati 3 2 2 1 2 1 0 11 2 Baltimore 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 Cleveland 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 Louisville 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 3 1 Kansas City 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 - - - - - - - - - Defeats 8 5 9 7 3 2 6 2 42 10

The record of the series of games won and lost by each club with every other club in the American Association championship arena in 1888 is as follows:

K C L a S i B o C n B t A n a u l s r . t c l i e a o h i t s v s o L l n i v e k o e n m i l C l u t a o l a i y I i t r l n t n s c i e e d y Series Clubs . . . . . . . . Totals. -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ -+ W. L. W. L. W. L. W. L. W. L. W. L. W. L. W. L. W. L. -+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - Brooklyn 10 10 12 8 14 6 12 8 13 8 16 4 11 9 6 0 St. Louis 10 10 10 7 10 8 15 5 16 4 16 4 16 4 4 0 Athletic 8 12 7 10 10 10 15 5 15 5 13 7 11 3 4 1 Cincinnati 6 14 8 10 10 10 14 6 17 3 10 7 15 4 3 1 Baltimore 8 12 5 15 5 15 6 14 11 9 10 9 11 9 2 4 Louisville 8 13 4 16 5 15 3 17 9 11 8 9 11 6 1 5 Cleveland 4 16 4 16 7 13 7 10 9 10 9 8 9 9 0 3 Kansas City 9 11 4 16 3 14 4 15 9 11 6 11 9 9 0 6

The St. Louis, Brooklyn, Athletic and Cincinnati Clubs, each had one series tied; while the Baltimore Club had four unfinished series; the St. Louis and Cincinnati Clubs two each, and the Athletic, Baltimore, Louisville and Kansas City Clubs one each, The Brooklyn Club playing their full quota of scheduled games.

THE YEARLY RECORD.

The appended table gives the number of games won by all the clubs which have competed for the American Association championship from 1882 to 1888 inclusive:

Clubs 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 Yrs. Total Vict'r's + + + + + + + + + - St. Louis 37 65 67 79 92 94 92 7 526 Cincinnati 55 62 68 63 64 80 80 7 472 Athletic 41 66 61 55 60 64 81 7 428 Baltimore 19 28 63 41 48 76 57 7 332 Louisville 42 52 68 53 66 76 48 7 405 Metropolitan 54 75 44 53 43 6 269 Pittsburg 39 30 30 56 78 5 233 Brooklyn 40 53 76 59 88 5 316 Columbus 32 69 2 104 Cleveland 38 50 2 88 Indianapolis 29 1 29 Washington 12 1 12 Virginia 12 1 12 Kansas City 43 1 43 Toledo 46 1 46 + + + + + + + + Total 233 389 640 444 537 530 539

A COMPARATIVE RECORD.

The following table gives the comparative figures of the League and the Association in their Championship contests in 1888:

Clubs Vic. Def Pct. Clubs Vic. Def. Pct. -+ + + + -+ + + New York 84 47 .641 St. Louis 92 43 .681 Chicago 77 58 .570 Brooklyn 88 52 .629 Philadelphia 69 61 .531 Athletic 82 52 .612 Boston 70 64 .522 Cincinnati 80 54 .597 Detroit 68 63 .519 Baltimore 57 81 .413 Pittsburg 66 68 .493 Cleveland 50 82 .379 Indianapolis 50 85 .370 Louisville 48 87 .356 Washington 48 86 .358 Kansas City 43 89 .328

NEW YORK AND BROOKLYN RECORDS.

The New York League Club and the Brooklyn American Association Club closed the first six years of their existence in 1888. The New York Club joined the League in 1883, and won the championship in 1888. The principal statistics of the club's work on the diamond field during that period is shown in the appended table:

Years Won. Lost. Drawn. Played. Batting Fielding Average. Average - - - 1883 46 50 2 98 .256 .825 1884 62 50 4 116 .257 .816 1885 85 27 0 112 .269 .866 1886 75 44 5 124 .269 .853 1887 68 55 6 129 .331 .886 1888 84 47 7 138 .240 .918 - - - Totals 420 273 24 717 .270 .860

During these six seasons the New Yorks played 398 games with the Chicagos, Detroits, Bostons and Philadelphias, winning 223 and losing 175. Of these four clubs the New Yorks found the Chicagos to be their strongest opponents, and the Bostons their weakest. One hundred games were played with each of the two clubs, the New Yorks winning sixty-one from Boston, and only forty-one from Chicago.

The Brooklyn Club began its career in 1883 by winning the championship of the Interstate Association of that year, and in 1884 the club entered the American Association.

The following is the record of the Brooklyn Club's field work in the first six years of its history:

Years. Victories. Defeats. Games Drawn. Pr. Ct. of Played. Champ. Victs. - - + 1883 65 33 101 3 .643 1884 57 75 136 4 .384 1885 83 67 142 2 .473 1886 91 63 160 6 .557 1887 78 80 156 4 .448 1888 88 52 160 3 .629 Totals + - - six years 462 370 875 22

Each club won championship honors in but one season out of six, the Brooklyns beginning by winning a pennant, and the New Yorkers ending with championship honors.

THE PHILADELPHIA CITY CHAMPIONSHIP.

The Philadelphia League Club and the American Association Athletic Club played a spring and fall exhibition game series for the professional championship of Philadelphia, the result of which was a victory for the American teams, as will be seen by the appended record:

ATHLETIC VICTORIES.

ATHLETIC VS. PHILADELPHIA. ——————————————————- DATE. PITCHERS. Score. ——————————————————- April 9 Seward, Gleason 4-2 April 11 Seward, Sanders 15-4 April 12 Weyhing Casey 7-1 April 14 Seward, Gleason 3-1 April 16 Weyhing, Tyng 13-7 October 18 Seward, Sanders 8-5 ——————————————————-

PHILADELPHIA VICTORIES.

PHILADELPHIA VS. ATHLETIC. ———————————————————— DATE. PITCHERS. Score. ———————————————————- April 13 Gleason, Mattimore 8-2 April 17 Buffinton, Blair 7-1 October 19 Casey, Weyhing 8-0 October 20 Buffinton, Smith 12-0

THE EXHIBITION GAME CAMPAIGN.

The experience of the season of 1888 in the playing of exhibition games during the spring and fall between League and American Clubs, shows that while the spring series prove attractive, owing to the desire of the patrons of the game to see how the club teams of the two organizations compare with each other in relative strength, preparatory to the opening of the championship campaign in each arena; those played in the fall, after the two championships have been decided, have ceased to draw paying patronage. This decrease of interest in the fall exhibition games, too, has been largely due to the introduction of the World's Championship series, which now monopolize public interest after the regular championship season has ended. It has been proposed to substitute a series of regular championship matches, on the basis of the series of the world's championship contests for the old time fall exhibition games, the plan in question including not only games between the championship teams of the League and the Association, but also between all the eight clubs of each organization, so as to show which are the eight leading club teams of the League, and the American Association. Had this plan been carried out in 1888, we should not only have had the interesting series between the two champion teams of New York and St. Louis, but also those between Chicago and Brooklyn, Philadelphia and Athletic, Boston and Cincinnati, Detroit and Baltimore, Pittsburg and Cleveland, Indianapolis and Louisville, and Washington and Kansas City. It is to be hoped that a grand test series of games of this character will mark the closing professional campaign of 1889, for such a series would substitute very interesting championship matches for October in the place of the unmeaning and useless exhibition games of the past fall campaigns.

THE WORLD'S CHAMPIONSHIP.

THE FULL RECORD OF THE SERIES.

It has now become an established rule of the National League and the American Association, to close each season with a supplementary championship series of games between the teams of the two leading clubs winning the respective championships of the two organizations each year, to decide as to which of the two champion clubs is entitled to the honor of being the champion club of the United States, and consequently the world's champions in base ball. This supplementary series of games has grown in importance each year since the inaugural trial games of 1884, when a short series of games of this character took place on the Polo Grounds in October, 1884, between the League championship team of the Providence Club and the American championship team of the Metropolitan Club. It was a short series of best two games of the three played, the result being an easy victory for the League team, as the appended record shows:

THE SERIES OF 1884.

Oct. 23, Providence vs. Metropolitan, at the Polo Grounds 6—0 Oct. 24, Providence vs. Metropolitan, at the Polo Grounds 3—1 Oct. 25, Providence vs. Metropolitan, at the Polo Grounds 12—2 Total 21—3

THE SERIES OF 1885.

In 1885 the St. Louis Club first won the honors in the American pennant race, and the Chicago team in that of the League, and in October of that year the rival teams contested for the United States championship in a series of best four out of seven games. Though the series was a far more important one than that of 1884, still the rules governing the special games were not what they should have been, and consequently the result was not satisfactory, as a dispute, followed by a forfeited game, led to a draw contest and an equal division of the gate receipts.

In this series $1,000 was the prize competed for, and as neither team won the series, each club received $500 of the prize money, each winning three games after the first game had been drawn. The record of these games is appended:

Oct. 14, St, Louis vs. Chicago, at Chicago (8 innings) 5-5 Oct. 15, Chicago vs. St. Louis, at St. Louis (6 innings) forfeited 5-4 Oct. 16, St. Louis vs. Chicago, at St. Louis 7-4 Oct. 17, St. Louis vs. Chicago, at St.Louis 3-2 Oct. 22, Chicago vs. St. Louis, at Pittsburg (7 innings) 9-2 Oct 23, Chicago vs. St. Louis, at Cincinnati 9-2 Oct. 24, St. Louis vs. Chicago, at Cincinnati 13-4

Total victories for Chicago, 3: for St. Louis, 3, with one game drawn Total runs scored by Chicago, 43: by St. Louis, 41.

THE SERIES OF 1886.

In 1886 the Chicago and St. Louis club teams again won the championship honors of their respective associations, and they again entered the lists for the "world's championship," this series being best out of six games, three being played at Chicago, and three at St. Louis; the winner of the series taking ail the gate receipts. The result was the success of the St. Louis team, the scores being as follows:

Oct. 18, Chicago vs. St. Louis, at Chicago 6-0 Oct. 19, St. Louis vs. Chicago, at Chicago (8 innings) 12-0 Oct. 20, Chicago vs. St. Louis, at Chicago (8 innings) 11-4 Oct. 21, St. Louis vs. Chicago, at St. Louis (7 innings) 8-5 Oct. 22, St. Louis vs. Chicago, at St. Louis (6 innings) 10-3 Oct. 23, St. Louis vs. Chicago, at St. Louis (10 innings) 4-3

Total runs for St. Louis, 38; for Chicago, 29.

THE SERIES OF 1887.

In 1887 the world's championship series had become an established supplementary series of contests, and in this year these contests excited more interest than had previously been manifested in regard to them, the demands made upon the two contesting teams—the Detroit champions of the League and the St. Louis champions of the American Association—for a game of the series from the large cities of the East and West being such as to lead the two clubs to extend the series to one of best out of fifteen games. These were played at St. Louis, Detroit, Chicago, and Pittsburg in the W st, and at New York, Brooklyn, Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore in the East. The series began in St. Louis, and the eighth victory of the Detroits was won at Baltimore, St. Louis winning the last game of the series at St. Louis. The record of the fifteen games, showing the pitchers in each contest, is as follows:

Date. Contesting Cities. Pitchers. Innings. Score. Clubs. -+ -+ + + + Oct. 10 St. Louis v. St. Louis Carruthers, 9 6-1 Detroit Getzein " 11 Detroit v. St. Louis Conway, Foutz 9 5-3 St. Louis " 12 " " " Detroit Getzein, 13 2-1 Carruthers " 13 " " " Pittsburg Baldwin, King 9 8-0 " 14 St. Louis v. Brooklyn Carruthers, 9 5-2 Detroit Conway " 15 Detroit v. New York Getzein, Foutz 9 9-0 St. Louis " 17 " " " Philadelphia Baldwin, 9 3-1 Carruthers " 18 " " " Boston Baldwin, 9 9-2 Carruthers " 19 " " " Philadelphia Conway, King 9 4-2 " 21 St. Louis v. Washington Carruthers, 9 11-4 [1] Detroit Getzein " 21 Detroit v. Baltimore Baldwin, Foutz 9 13-3 [2] St. Louis " 22 " " " Baltimore Baldwin, Foutz 9 13-3 " 24 " " " Detroit Baldwin, 9 6-3 Carruthers " 25 " " " Chicago Getzein, King 9 4-3 " 26 St. Louis v. St. Louis Carruthers, 6 9-2 Detroit Baldwin [Footnote 1: A.M.] [Footnote 2: P.M.]

THE SERIES OF 1888.

The contest for the world's championship in 1888 was the most exciting and important of any yet played; and the public attention given to the series throughout the entire base ball world, was such as to show that it would be a paying policy on the part of the League and the Association to establish a supplementary championship season, to begin on the first of October each year, the series of games to be played including not only that for the world's championship, but also to include contests between the other clubs of each organization so as to settle the question as to which were the eight leading professional teams of the country.

Prior to 1888 but three clubs had participated in the regular series, and these were: St. Louis on the one hand, and Chicago (twice) and Detroit on the other. In 1888, however, a new League candidate entered the field against the St. Louis champions, and that was the New York club team, it being the first time the two clubs had ever encountered each other. The series arranged between the two clubs was one of ten games, the first six victories to decide the contest. They were commenced at the Polo Grounds on October 16, and the opening contest gave promise of a very interesting series of games, and when the St. Louis team "Chicagoed" their League adversaries the next day the interest in the matches doubled. But the close of the first week's games left New York in the van with a credit of four victories out of the five games played. The contest of the 19th took place in Brooklyn, but the other four were played at the Polo Grounds, the largest attendance of the whole series being that of Saturday, Oct. 20, when the receipts exceeded $5,000. At the four games played at the Polo Grounds the aggregate of receipts was $15,405, while the aggregate of receipts at the four games at St. Louis, was but $5,612, less than that at the Saturday game at the Polo Grounds the previous week. The game at Brooklyn was marred by the bad weather, while that at Philadelphia was dampened by the lead the New York team had previously attained. The series virtually ended at St. Louis on October 25, when New York won their sixth victory and the championship. After that Ward left the New York team to join the Australian tourists, and the interest in the games ended, the receipts falling off from $2,365 on October 25 to $411 on October 26. The last game of the series was a mere ordinary exhibition game, Titcomb pitching in four innings and Hatfield in four. The player's game on the 28th was even less attractive, the St. Louis team winning easily by 6 to 0, Keefe, Welch and George taking turns in the box for New York. The record of the series in full is as follows:

Date. Contesting Cities. Pitchers. In's. Scr. Rec Clubs. - - - Oct 16 N. York v. New York Keefe St. Louis King 9 2-1 $2,876 " 17 St. Louis v. " " Chamberlain N. York Welch 9 3-0 3,375 " 18 N. York v. " " Keefe St. Louis King 9 4-2 3,530 " 19 " " " Brooklyn Crane Chamberlain 9 6-3 1,502 " 20 " " " New York Keefe King 8 6-4 5,624 " 22 " " " Phild'l'a Welch Chamberlain 8 12-5 1,781 " 24 St. Louis v. St. Louis King N. York Crane 8 7-5 2,624 " 25 N. York v. " " King St. Louis Chamberlain 9 11-3 2,365 " 26 St. Louis v. " " King N. York George 10 14-11 411 " 27 " " " " " Chamberlain, Titcomb 9 18-7 212 Hatfeld, - - - Total $24,362 Total Runs New York, 64; St. Louis, 60.

Pitchers' Victories—Keefe, 4; Welch, 1; King, 2; Chamberlain, 2; Crane, 1.

Pitchers' Defeats—Keefe, 0; Welch, 1; Crane, 1; Titcomb, 1; King, 3; Chamberlain, 3.

THE STATISTICS OF THE GAMES.

THE BATTING FIGURES.

The batting figures of those of the New York team who played in five games and over, are as follows:

PLAYERS. Games. A.B. R. B.H. S.B. Per ct. B.H. - - Ward 8 28 4 11 6 .393 Ewing 7 26 5 9 5 .346 Tiernan 10 38 8 13 5 .342 O'Rourke 10 36 4 12 3 .333 Whitney 10 37 7 11 3 .297 Connor 7 24 7 6 4 .250 Slattery 10 39 6 8 5 .205 Richardson 9 36 6 6 2 .167

Of those who played in less than five games, the batting figures were as follows:

PLAYERS. Games. A.B. R. B.H. S.B. Per cent. B.H. - - - Titcomb 1 4 1 1 O .500 Gore 3 11 5 5 2 .454 Brown 2 8 1 3 0 .375 George 2 9 2 3 0 .333 Welch 2 7 2 2 0 .286 Hatfield 2 8 2 2 1 .250 Crane 2 7 2 2 0 .143 Murphy 3 10 1 1 0 .100 Keefe 4 11 2 2 0 .090

Of those of the St. Louis team who took part in five games and over, the batting figures were as follows:

PLAYERS. Games. A.B. R. B.H. S.B. Per cent. B.H. - Milligan 8 25 5 10 0 .400 Comiskey 10 38 6 10 4 .263 Robinson 10 38 7 10 2 .263 O'Neil 10 38 9 10 0 .263 McCarthy 10 41 10 10 4 .244 Latham 10 41 10 9 10 .219 White 10 35 4 5 1 .143 Lyons 5 18 0 2 0 .111 King 5 16 1 1 0 .063 Chamberlain 5 13 3 0 1 .000 -

Of those who played in less than five games, the batting figures were as follows:

PLAYERS. Games. A.B. R. B.H. S.B. Per ct. B.H. - - Boyle 4 16 4 6 3 .375 Herr 3 11 2 0 1 .000 Devlin 1 3 0 0 0 .000

THE PITCHERS' FIGURES

The pitchers' figures showing their work in the box, are as follows:

NEW YORK. PLAYERS. Games. At Runs. Earned Hits. Totals. Wild Struck Bases Bat. Runs. Pitches. Out. on Balls. - - - - - -+ - Keefe 4 123 10 2 18 19 0 32 9 Welch 2 56 8 2 10 14 1 3 6 Crane 2 62 10 3 14 17 3 12 6 + - - - - - Total 8 241 28 7 42 50 4 47 21 -

ST. LOUIS. PLAYERS. Games. At Runs. Earned Hits. Totals. Wild Struck Bases Bat. Runs. Pitches. Out. on Balls. - - - - - -+ - King 5 137 25 8 34 43 2 11 9 Chamberlain 4 210 43 22 64 94 7 14 20 + - - - - - - - Total 10 347 68 30 98 137 9 25 29 -

In the fielding figures of pitchers the assistances on strikes were mixed up with the fielding assistances which rendered them useless.

The record of the batting and fielding of the two club teams as a whole, is as follows:

CLUB BATTING. CLUBS. Games. At Bat. Runs. Base S.B. Average. Hits. - - - New York 10 366 64 96 37 .289 St. Louis 10 333 61 73 26 .219

CLUBS. Games P.O. A. E. Total Per Cent Chances. Accepted. - New York 10 213 174 40 427 .906 St. Louis 10 249 157 42 449 .906

THE FINANCIAL RECORD.

The appended figures showing the gate receipts of each day in each city, are as follows:

Where Played. When Played. Receipts. -+ -+ New York City Tuesday, October 16 $2,876.50 Wednesday, October 17 3,375.50 Thursday, October 18 3,530.00 Brooklyn Friday, October 19 1,562.00 New York City Saturday, October 20 5,624.50 Philadelphia Monday, October 22 1,781.60 Wednesday, October 24 2,024.00 St. Louis Thursday, October 25 2,365.00 Friday, October 26 411.00 Saturday, October 27 212.00 + - Total $24,362.10 Total expenses 8,000.00 Total amount divided 16,362.10 Fifty per cent. each amounted to 8,181.05

Of the New York's share of the receipts, $200 was paid to each of their eighteen players, reducing the club's profits by some $3,600. The general expense account includes traveling expenses and advertising for both clubs. The following table shows the figures for the series between St. Louis and Detroit in 1887:

RECEIPTS.—At St. Louis, $9,000; Detroit, $6,750; Pittsburgh, $2,300; Brooklyn, $5,800; New York, $4,100; Philadelphia, $8,000; Washington, $800; Boston, $3,100; Baltimore, $2,000; Chicago, $200; total $42,000. The expenses of the trip was $18,000, leaving a balance of $24,000. This was divided evenly, so that St. Louis received $12,000 and Detroit $12,000.

The St. Louis papers complimented the visiting New York team highly. In fact, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch said that no more gentlemanly appearing or behaving set of men belonging to a ball club ever played in St. Louis. Messrs. Von der Ahe and the secretary of his club, Mr. George Munson, did everything in their power for the visiting newspaper men.

THE FIELDING FIGURES.

NEW YORK. PLAYERS. Positions. Games. Fielding Average. -+ + + Ewing C 7 .875 Brown C 2 1.000 Murphy C 3 .759 Connor 1B 7 .975 Richardson 2B 9 .978 Whitney 3B 10 .862 Ward S S 8 .919 O'Rourke L F 10 .955 Slattery C F 10 .826 Tiernan R F 10 .783

ST. LOUIS. PLAYERS. Positions. Games. Fielding Average. -+ + + - Milligan C 8 .932 Comiskey 1B 10 .966 Robinson 2B 10 .891 Latham 3B 10 .923 White S S 10 .796 O'Neill L F 10 .885 Lyons C F 5 .941 McCarthy R F 10 .765

THE AMERICAN PENNANT HOLDERS OF 1886, 1887 AND 1888.

An interesting chapter of American club history is the record made by the four leading clubs of the Association in their games together during the seasons of 1886, 1887 and 1888. In each year the St. Louis Club occupied the leading position at the end of the season, while the other three followed close after the champions. Here is the record of 1886:

1886. St. Louis. Brooklyn. Athletic. Cincinnati. Won. - - -+ - St. Louis 13 15 15 43 Brooklyn 7 12 13 32 Athletic 5 7 10 22 Cincinnati 5 7 10 22 + - - - - Lost 17 27 37 38 119

It will be seen that while St. Louis led in 1886 Brooklyn stood second, with the Athletics third, and Cincinnati fourth. The record of 1887 is appended:

1887. Cincinnati. Brooklyn. Athletic. St. Louis. Won. - - - - + - Cincinnati 12 11 13 36 St. Louis 6 12 16 34 Athletic 9 8 8 25 Brooklyn 4 4 10 18 + - - - - Lost 19 24 33 37 113

This year, though St. Louis won the pennant, it will be seen that in their games together Cincinnati held the lead, the Athletics being second, the St. Louis third and Brooklyn last, the season being a very hard one for Brooklyn through the drinking habits of the players, which the management failed to repress. The record for 1888 is as follows:

1888. Brooklyn. St. Louis. Athletic. Cincinnati. Won. - - - - + - Brooklyn 10 12 14 36 St. Louis 10 10 9 29 Athletic 7 8 10 25 Cincinnati 7 6 10 23 + - - - - Lost 24 24 32 33 113

Last season, it will be seen, that while St. Louis again won the pennant, in their games together Brooklyn took the lead, St. Louis being second, the Athletics third, and Cincinnati last.

EAST vs. WEST.

THE LEAGUE GAMES.

The contests between the four clubs of the East and the four of the West in the League in 1888 ended in favor of the East, as will be seen by the appended record:

EAST VS. WEST.

CLUBS. I G n a P d m P i i G e e t a a s r C D t n m c h e s a e P e I t b p s l n c r u o a t a o r l W y a g i g i o e g o t h s n d e . . . . . . . + -+ -+ -+ -+ + -+ - Philadelphia 10 7 14 13 44 73 .693 New York 8 11 10 14 43 73 .589 Boston 7 10 10 11 38 75 .567 Washington 6 7 9 8 30 76 .359 + -+ -+ -+ + -+ Games lost 31 35 43 46 155 297

WEST VS. EAST.

CLUBS. P G h a i W m P l a G e e a N s a s r d e h m c e w B i e P e l o n s l n p Y s g a t h o t t W y a i r o o o e g a k n n n d e . . . . . . . - - - - -+ - Chicago 8 11 12 13 44 76 .587 Detroit 11 7 8 11 37 72 .614 Pittsburg 6 1 8 10 31 74 .419 Indianapolis 4 5 9 12 30 76 .305 + - - - - - Games lost 29 30 37 46 142 297

It will be seen that the four Eastern clubs won 155 victories to 142 by the four Western clubs.

THE AMERICAN GAMES.

The struggle between the East and the West in the American arena in 1888 resulted as follows:

EAST VS. WEST.

CLUBS. K G C a L a S i n o m P t n s u G e e . c a i a s r i s s m c L n v e P e o n C i s l n u a i l a t i t t l W y a s i y e o e g . . . . n d e . . . - - - - + - Athletic 7 10 14 15 46 74 .622 Brooklyn 10 14 11 13 48 80 .600 Baltimore 6 6 11 11 34 79 .430 Cleveland 4 7 10 9 30 73 .411 + - - - - Games lost 27 37 40 48 158 306

WEST VS. EAST.

CLUBS. G a m P B C G e e A B a l a s r t r l e m c h o t v e P e l o i e s l n e k m l a t t l o a W y a i y r n o e g c n e d n d e . . . . . . . - - - - + - St. Louis 10 10 14 16 50 77 .649 Cincinnati 10 6 14 10 40 77 .519 Kansas City 3 9 8 9 29 75 .387 Louisville 5 7 9 8 29 77 .377 + - - - - - Games lost 28 32 45 43 148 306

It will be seen that the East won by 158 to 148.

PHENOMENAL CONTEST.

The most noteworthy contest of the season in the League championship arena in 1888, was the game played at the Polo Grounds on September 4, between the New York and Philadelphia teams. In this game eleven innings had been completed without either side being able to score a single run when sunset obliged the umpire to call the game on account of darkness. The turnstile count showed that 9,505 people had passed through the gates.

It was a pitchers' contest from start to finish, both Keefe and Sanders doing great work in the curving line. But ten base hits were made in the eleven innings, six against Sanders and but four against Keefe. O'Rourke, Richardson and Andrews led the little batting that was done.

The fielding play was of a phenomenal order, brilliant stops, catches and throws occurring in every inning, and being loudly applauded.

The Philadelphians all but had the game in the tenth inning, but over anxiety lost them the chance. Farrar was on third and might have scored on Mulvey's fly to Slattery. He left the base, however, before the ball was caught, and was promptly declared out. The score was:

NEW YORK. T. R. B. P. A. E. - - - - - - Slattery, cf 5 0 0 1 1 0 Ewing, c 5 0 0 8 3 0 Tiernan, rf 5 0 0 1 0 0 Connor, 1b 3 0 0 15 0 0 Ward, ss 4 0 0 2 3 1 Richardson, 2b 4 0 2 3 2 0 Whitney, 3b 3 0 1 1 5 1 O'Rourke, lf 4 0 2 1 1 0 Keefe, p 4 0 1 1 10 0 - - - - - - Totals 37 0 6 33 25 2

PHILADELPHIA. T. R. B. P. A. E. - - - - - - - Andrew, 3 cf 5 0 2 1 0 0 Fogarty, rf 4 0 1 1 0 0 Farrar, 1b 4 0 0 12 1 0 Delahanty, lf 4 0 0 2 0 0 Mulvey, 3b 4 0 0 0 2 0 Sanders, p 4 0 0 1 7 0 Schriver, c 4 0 1 9 4 0 Irwin, ss 4 0 0 5 4 0 Bastian, 1b 3 0 0 2 3 0

- - - - - - Totals 36 0 4 33 18 0

Philadelphia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0—0 NewYork 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0—0

Two-base hit—O'Rourke. Double plays—Keefe and Connor, Farrar and Sanders. First base on balls—Connor, Whitney, Bastain. First base on errors—Philadelphia, 1. Struck out—Tiernan, Whitney, Keefe, 2; Andrews, Fogarty, 2: Delehanty, Mulvey, Sanders, Schriver, Irwin. Wild pitches— Keefe, 2; Sanders, 1. Time—Two hours. Umpire—Kelly.

REMARKABLE EVENTS.

LONGEST GAME.—Played at Boston May 11, 1877, between the Harvard College nine and the Manchester professional team, twenty-four innings, score 0 to 0.

BEST LEAGUE CHAMPIONSHIP MATCH.—Played August 17, 1882, at Providence, between the Providence and Detroit teams, eighteen innings, score 1 to 0— seventeen innings without a run!

NEXT BEST LEAGUE CLUB GAME.—Played at St. Louis on May 1, 1877, between the St. Louis team and the Syracuse Stars, fifteen innings, score 0 to 0— a drawn match.

BEST INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION GAME.—Played May 7, 1878, at Lynn, Mass., between the Live Oak team of Lynn, and the Crickets of Binghamton, fifteen innings, score 1 to 0.

BEST JUNIOR GAME.—Played at Hoboken, August 19, 1878, fifteen innings, score 1 to 0.

SHORTEST GAME.—Excelsior vs. Field in Brooklyn on Excelsior's grounds, in May, 1861—50 minutes, 9 innings.

LONGEST THROW.—By John Hatfield, made at Union Grounds, Brooklyn, Oct. 15, 1872. Distance 133 yards, 1 foot, 7 inches— over 400 feet.

GREATEST SCORE.—In match between the Niagara Club, of Buffalo, and a visiting nine at Buffalo in 1864, score 202 to 26.

THE THROWING CONTESTS RECORDS.

The longest throw of a baseball on record up to 1872 was that made in 1868 by John Hatfield, then a member of the Cincinnati team, he then throwing a ball 132 yards. In October, 1872, a throwing contest took place on the old Union ball grounds, Brooklyn, in which John Hatfield—then of the Mutuals—threw the ball 133 yds, 1 ft 7-1/2 in., the distance being officially measured. The contest was also participated in by Andy Leonard, whose record was 119 yds. 1 ft. 10 in.; George Wright, 117 yds. 1 ft. 1 in.; Billy Boyd, 115 yds. 1 ft. 7 in.; Fisler, 112 yds. 6 in., and Anson, 110 yds. 6 in. This throw of Hatfield's—over 400 ft.—has never been equaled in any regular throwing contest.

On September 9, 1882, a throwing match took place on the Chicago ball grounds between E. Williamson of the Chicago Club and Pfeffer of the Troys. Three trials were had and Pfeffer's best throw was 132 yards and 5 inches. Williamson's best throw was 132 yards, 1 foot, or four feet seven and one half inches short of Hatfield's champion throw.

In 1884, while connected with the Boston Union Association Club, Ed Crane, while in Cincinnati October 12 of that year, was credited with throwing a baseball 135 yards, 1 foot, and 1/2 inch, and also again at St. Louis on October 19, he was credited with throwing a ball 134 yards, 5 inches. But the circumstances attendant upon both trials were not such as to warrant an official record, so the Clipper says, through its editor for 1888, Mr. A. H. Wright, in his answer to a query on the subject. At any rate, Crane has not since reached such figures, and he is as swift a thrower now as ever.

The throwing contest which took place at Cincinnati in 1888, at intervals through the summer and fall, failed to result in the record being beaten, though some very good long distance throwing was done, as will be seen by the appended record:

Rank PLAYERS. CLUB. Distance Thrown. + + -+ 1 Williamson Chicago 399 feet 11 inches. 2 Griffin Baltimore 372 " 8 " 3 Stovey Athletic 369 " 2 " 4 Vaughn Louisville 366 " 9 " 5 Burns Brooklyn 364 " 6 " 6 O'Brien Brooklyn 361 " 5 " 7 Collins Brooklyn 354 " 6 " 8 Tebeau Cincinnati 353 " 0 " 9 Gilks Cleveland 343 " 11 " 10 Reilly Cincinnati 341 " 6 " 11 Brennan Kansas City 339 " 6 " 12 Stricker Cleveland 337 " 8 " 13 Foutz Brooklyn 335 " 4 " 14 Davis Kansas City 333 " 6 " 15 O'Connor Cincinnati 330 " 0 " 16 McTamany Kansas City 327 " 6 "

When Williamson threw, the grounds were slippery, but he managed to easily win the $100 prize money and diamond locket. One hundred and thirty- three yards eight inches, was the distance Williamson threw, and he would have done still better and beaten Hatfield's throw, had the conditions been more favorable.

The best throw of a cricket ball on record is that of W. F. Torbes, of Eton College, England, in March, 1876, the distance foeing 132 yards.

The longest throw of a lacrosse ball is that made by W. B. Kenny, at Melbourne, Australia, in September, 1886, the ball being thrown from his lacrosse stick 446 feet. The longest in America was that of Ross McKenzie, in Montreal, on October, 1882, he throwing the ball 422 feet.

THE TRIP TO ENGLAND IN 1874.

Mr. Spalding made an effort to introduce base ball in England in 1874, but the experiment proved to be a costly one financially, and it did not result favorably in popularizing the American game in England. The two teams who visited England in July, 1874, included the following players of the Boston and Athletic clubs of that year:

BOSTON. POSITIONS. ATHLETIC. ————————————————————————- James White Catcher James E. Clapp. A.G. Spalding Pitcher James D. McBride. James O'Rourke First Base West D. Fisler. Ross C. Barnes Second Base Joseph Battin. Henry Shafer Third Base Edward B. Sutton. George Wright Short Stop M.H. McGeary. And. J. Leonard Left Field Albert W. Gedney. Harry Wright Center Field James F. McMullen. Col. C. McVey Right Field A.C. Arisen. George W. Hall Substitute Al. J. Reach. Thomas L. Beals Substitute J.P. Sensenderfer. Sam Wright, Jr Substitute Thomas Murnan.[A]

[**Proofreaders note A: "Murnan" might be a typo, as it appears as "Murnam" later on the page.]

The record of the games played in England on the trip is as follows:

DATE. CONTESTING CLUBS. CITIES. PITCHERS. SCORES. - - - July 30 Athletic vs. Boston Liverpool McBride, Spalding 10in. 14-11 " 31 Boston vs. Athletic " Spalding, McBride 23-18 Aug. 1 Athletic vs. Boston Manchester McBride, Spalding 13-12 " 3 Boston vs. Athletic London Spalding, McBride 24-7 " 6 " " " " Spalding, McMullen 14-11 " 8 Athletic vs. Boston Richmond McBride, Spalding 11-3 " 10 Boston vs. Athletic Crystal Spalding, Pal. McBride 17-8 " 11 Athletic vs. Boston " McBride, Spalding 19-8 " 13 Boston vs. Athletic Kensington Spalding, McBride 16-6 " 14 Spalding's Nine vs. " Spalding, McMullen's Nine McMullen 14-11 " 15 Boston vs. Athletic Sheffield " , " 19-8 " 17 " " " " " , " 18-17 " 20 Athletic vs. Boston Manchester McBride, Spalding 7-2 " 24 Boston vs. Athletic Dublin Spalding, McBride 12-7 " 25 Athletic vs. Boston " McMullen, H. Wright 13-4

Boston victories 8, Athletic victories 6.

In the percentage of base hits of those who played in a majority of the games on the Boston side McVey led with .435, Leonard being second, with .418, and George Hall third, with .364, Barnes, O'Rourke, Schafer, Harry and George Wright and Spalding following in order. On the Athletic side Anson led with .437, McGeary being second, with .388, and McMullen third, with .367. McBride, Clapp, Murnam, Sutter, Gedner and Battin following in order, the latter having a percentage of .323. Sensenderfer only played in 9 games, Kent in 8, Fisler in 5, and Beals in 4. All the others played in 10 games and over.

In the description of the players of the team given in the London papers at the time of their visit the following paragraph appeared, quoted from Mr. Chadwick's comments in the Clipper:

"Spalding is justly regarded as one of the most successful of the strategic class of pitchers. In judgment, command of the ball, pluck, endurance, and nerve, in his position he has no superior; while his education and gentlemanly qualities place him above the generality of base- ball pitchers. As a batsman he now equals the best of what are called 'scientific' batsmen—men who use their heads more than their muscle in handling the ash. His force in delivery is the success with which he disguises a change of pace from swift to medium, a great essential in successful pitching. Spalding is a thorough representative of the spirited young men of the Western States, he being from Illinois."

Of George Wright the same writer said: "George Wright is generally regarded as a model base-ball player, especially in his responsible position of short-stop; and until he injured his leg he had no equal in the position. He is a jolly, good-natured youth full of life and spirit, up to all the dodges of the game, and especially is he noted for his sure catching of high balls in the infield, and for his swift and accurate throwing. At the bat, too, he excels; while as a bowler, fielder, and batsman, in cricket, he ranks with the best of American cricketers. He comes of real old English stock, his father being a veteran English cricketer, and formerly the professional of the St. George Cricket Club of New York."

Besides the base-ball matches played during the tour, the following table shows what the two clubs combined did on the cricket field, against the strongest players of London, Sheffield, Manchester and Dublin. The sides in each contest were eighteen Americans against twelve British cricketers:

AMERICANS vs. AMERICANS. OPPONENTS. - - 1st. 2d. Total 1st. 2d. Total - - - Aug. 3,4 12 Marylebone 107 - 107 105 - 105 Club on Ground at Lords Aug. 6,7 11 Prince's C. C. 110 - 110 21 39 60 at Prince's Aug. 8 13 Richmond C at 45 - 45 108 - 108 Richmond[1] Aug. 13,14 11 Surrey C. S. at 100 111 211 27 2 29 Ovalt[2] Aug. 15,17 12 Sheffield, at 130 - 130 43 45 88 Sheffield Aug. 20, 21 11 Manchester, at 121 100 221 42 53 95 Manchester Aug. 24, 25 11 All Ireland, at 71 94 165 47 32 79 Dublin _ _ __ _ _ _ Totals 684 305 989 393 171 564

[Footnote 1: Unfinished innings, only six wickets down.] [Footnote 2: Second innings unfinished, only four wickets down.]

The ball players did not lose a single game, and had the best of it in the games which were drawn from not having time to put them out. The trip cost the two clubs over $2,000, exclusive of the amount received at the gate. In fact, the Britishers did not take to the game kindly at all.

To show what the All England eleven could do in the way of playing base ball, the score of a game played in Boston in October, 1868, after the All England eleven had played their cricket match there, is given below:

American Nine 3 2 0 0 1 6 3 5 0 20 English Cricketers' Nine 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

George Wright pitched for the cricketers, the nine including Smith c; Tarrant 1b; Peeley 2b; Shaw 3b; Humphrey ss; Jupp lf; Clarkwood cf, and Rowbotham rf.

The American nine was a weak picked nine, including O'Brien—a Boston cricketer—and Archy Buch, of Harvard, as the battery; Shaw, Barrows and Lowell on the bases; Pratt as short stop, and Smith Rogers and Conant in the out field.

In all the base-ball games in which the English professional cricketers took part during their visits to America from 1859 to 1880, they failed to begin to equal in their ball play the work done by the ball players in cricket in England.

* * * * *

THE GREAT BASE BALL TRIP AROUND THE WORLD IN 1888-'89.



The greatest historical event recorded in the annals of the national game was undoubtedly the journey to Australia, which began in November, 1888, and ended in March, 1889, on a trip around the world. While in 1874 Mr. A. G. Spalding was the avant cornier of the visiting party of base ball players to England, and also one of the most prominent of the victorious team players; in 1888 Mr. Spalding was the originator of the trip, the master spirit of the remarkable enterprise, and the leader of the band of base ball missionaries to the antipodes. Of course, in recording the Australian trip in the GUIDE for 1889, only a cursory glance can be taken of the trip, as it would require a volume of itself to do the tour justice. Suffice it to say that the pluck, energy and business enterprise which characterized the unequaled event reflected the highest credit not only on Mr. Albert G. Spalding, as the representative spirit of Western business men, but also on the American name in every respect, and it did for the extension of the popularity of our national game in six short months what as many years of effort under ordinary circumstances would have failed to do.

The party of tourists which started on their journey to Australia on October 20, 1888, met with an enthusiastic welcome on their route to San Francisco, and in that city they were given a reception on their arrival and a send-off on their departure for Australia, unequaled in the history of the game on the Pacific coast. The record of the series of games played by the two teams—Chicago and All America—en route to San Francisco and while in that city, is appended:

DATE CLUBS. CITIES. PITCHERS. SCORE. - - Oct. 20 Chicago vs. Chicago Spalding, 11 6 America. Hutchinson " 21 " " " St. Paul Baldwin, Healy 8 5 " 22 " " " Minneapolis Baldwin, Duryca 1 0 " 22 America vs. " Van Haltren, 6 3 Chicago. Tener " 23 Chicago vs. Cedar Rapids Tener, 6 5 America. Hutchinson " 24 America vs. Des Moines Hutchinson, 3 2 Chicago. Baldwin. " 25 " " " Omaha Healy, Ryan 12 2 " 26 Chicago vs. Hastings Baldwin, 8 4 America. Van Haltren " 27 " " " Denver Tener, Healy 16 2 " 28 America vs. " Crane, Baldwin 9 8 Chicago. " 29 Chicago vs. Colorado Ryan, Healy 3 9 America. Spr's " 31 America vs. Salt Lake Crane, Tener 19 3 Chicago. City Nov. 1 " " " " " " Healy, Baldwin 10 3 " 4 " " " San Francisco. " " 4 4 " 11 " " " " " Van Haltren, 9 6 Tener " 14 Chicago vs. Los Angeles Baldwin, Healy 5 0 America. " 15 America vs. " " Crane, Tener 7 4 Chicago.

The teams, when they left San Francisco on November 18, 1888, included the following players:

CHICAGO TEAM. A. C. Anson, Capt. and 1st baseman. N. F. Pfeffer, 2d baseman. Thos. Burns, 3d baseman. E. N. Williamson, .short stop. M. Sullivan, left fielder. Jas. Ryan, center fielder. R. Pettitt, right fielder. Thos. P. Daly, catcher. J. K. Tener, .pitcher. M. Baldwin, pitcher.

ALL AMERICA TEAM. J. M. Ward, Capt. and short stop. G. A. Wood, 1st baseman. H. C. Long, 2d baseman. H. Manning, 3d baseman. J. Fogarty, left fielder. E. Hanlon, center fielder. J. C. Earl, right fielder. F. H. Carroll, catcher. John Healy, pitcher. F. N. Crane, pitcher.

Earl also acted as change catcher. The All America team included players from the League clubs of New York, Philadelphia, Detroit, Pittsburg and Indianapolis, and from the American Association clubs of Cincinnati and Kansas City. Mr. Spalding stood at the head of the tourist party, with Mr. Leigh S. Lynch as his business manager, and H. H. Simpson as assistant, Mr. J. K. Tener being the treasurer and cashier.

The record of the games played by the two teams with outside clubs en route to San Francisco and in California is as follows:

DATE. CLUBS. CITIES. PITCHERS. SCORE. - - - - Oct. 21 St. Paul vs. Chicago St. Paul Duryea, Tener 8-5 Nov. 6 Haverly vs. America San Francisco Anderson, Crane 12-5 " 8 Chicago vs. Stockton Stockton Tener, Harper 2-2 " 8 Pioneer vs. America San Francisco Purcell, Healy 9-4 " 9 America vs. Stockton Stockton Crane, Baker 16-1 " 10 Chicago vs. Haverly San Francisco Baldwin Inal 6-1

While en route to Australia the tourists stopped at Honolulu, where they were given a public reception, by King Kalakaua, but their first game played after they had left California was at Auckland, where they first realized what a cordial reception the Australians had prepared for them. On their arrival at Sydney, and afterward at Melbourne, the hearty welcome accorded them, not only as ball players but as representatives of the great Western Republic, was such as to surpass all their anticipations, the heartiness of the greeting, the boundless hospitality and the crowded attendance at their games imparting to their visit a brilliancy of success which fully remunerated Mr. Spalding for all the pecuniary risks he had incurred by the trip. It was originally intended to have made the tour of the colonies a more extended one than was afterward found possible, and so the sojourn of the players on the Australian continent ended sooner than anticipated, only four cities being visited, instead of eight or ten, as laid out. The record of the games played in Australia is as follows:

DATE. CLUBS. CITIES. PITCHERS. Score. - - - - Dec. 10 Chicago vs. America Auckland Baldwin, Crane 22-13 " 15 America vs. Chicago Sydney Healy, Tener 5-4 " 17 " " " " Healy, Baldwin 7-5 " 18 " " " " Healy, Tener 6-3 " 22 Chicago vs. America Melbourne Tener, Crane 5-3 " 24 America vs. Chicago " Healy, Ryan 10-13 " 26 " " " Adelaide Healy, Tener 19-14 " 27 Chicago vs. America " Baldwin, Healy 12-9 " 28 " " " " Ryan, Simpson 11-4 Dec. 29 America vs. Chicago Ballarat Healy, Baldwin 11-7 Jan. 1 Chicago vs. America Melbourne Tener, Healy 14-7 " 1 " " " " Baldwin, Crane 9-4 " 5 " " " " Baldwin, Crane 5-0 " 26 America vs. Chicago Colombo Crane, Baldwin 3-3

After leaving Australia the tourists called at Colombo, Ceylon, and from thence went to Cairo, and while in that city visited the Pyramids, and they managed to get off a game on the sands in front of the Pyramid Cheops on Feb. 9. Their first game in Europe was played at Naples on Feb. 19, and from there they went to Rome, Florence and Nice, the teams reaching Paris on March 3. The record of their games in Europe is as follows:

DATE. CLUBS. CITIES. PITCHERS. Score. - - - - Feb. 9 America vs. Chicago Ghiz eh Healy, Tener 9-1 " 19 " " " Naples Healy, Baldwin 8-2 " 23 Chicago vs. America Rome Tener, Crane 3-2 " 25 America vs. Chicago Florence Healy, Baldwin 7-4 March 3 Paris

In commenting on the physique of the American ball players, the editor of the Melbourne Argus says:

"Right worthy of welcome did those visitors appear-stalwarts every man, lumps of muscle showing beneath their tight fitting jersey garments, and a springiness in every movement which denoted grand animal vigor and the perfection of condition. We could not pick eighteen such men from the ranks of all our cricketers, and it is doubtful if we could beat them by a draft from the foot ballers. If base ball has anything to do with building up such physique we ought to encourage it, for it must evidently be above and beyond all other exercises in one at least of the essentials of true athletics."

The Melbourne Sporteman in its report of the inaugural game in that city, said: "The best evidence offered that Melbournites were pleased and interested in the exhibition lies in the fact that the crowd of nearly ten thousand people remained through not only nine but twelve innings of play, and then many of them stayed to see a four inning game between the Chicago team and a nine composed mainly of our local cricket players, who made a very creditable show, considering the strength of the team they were playing against, and the fact that they were almost utter strangers to base ball. Not only did the spectators remain upon the ground but they heartily applauded the heavy batting, the base running and base sliding and the brilliant fielding executed by our Yankee visitors. Perhaps the truest realization of just how difficult it is to play a finished game of base ball was obtained by the cricketers who went in against the Chicagos. A man may be able to guard a wicket with a degree of skill that would win him wide fame in cricket circles, but when it comes to standing beside the home plate of a base ball diamond, and mastering the terrific delivery of an American professional pitcher, the average cricketer is compelled to acknowledge the wide difference existing between the two positions. Then again, the quick handling of a batted or thrown ball, that it may be returned with all accuracy and lightning like rapidity to the waiting basemen are points which our cricketers are deficient in, when compared with the American professional ball player. It can be seen at a glance that the game is prolific of opportunities for quick and brilliant fielding."

The following is the score of the first match at cricket played by the base ball tourists with Australian cricketers in Sydney on December 18, 1888:

BASE BALL EIGHTEEN.

Anson, b. Charlton 15 Williamson, c. Woolcott, b. Charlton 0 Ward, b. Charlton 1 Spalding, b. Charlton 0 Wright, b. Gregory 11 Pfeffer, b. Gregory 16 Wood, b. Gregory 0 Carroll, c. Robinson, b. Gregory 0 Earle, st. Crane, b. Gregory 0 Fogarty, b. Charlton 0 Burns, b. Charlton 10 Hanlon, hit wicket, b. Gregory 2 Manning, c. Woolcott, b. Gregory 14 Pettit, b. Gregory 3 Ryan, c. Robinson, b. Gregory 3 Sullivan, c. Halligan, b. Gregory, 0 Baldwin, not out 0 Sundries 5 —— Total 81

SYDNEY ELEVEN.

Robinson, l. b. w., b. Earle 1 Halligan, c. Burns, b. Anson 21 Kidman, c. Pfeffer, b. Anson 19 Woolcott, c. and b. Anson 4 Crane, c. Williamson b. Earle 14 A. Gregory, c. Burns, b. Wright 35 Hemsley, not out 18 Sundries 3 ——- Total for six wickets 115

We are compelled to omit the National Agreement for want of space. It will be given in the Official League Book.



Mr. A. G. Mills was connected with the Chicago Club at the organization of the National League, and he participated in the legislative work of the League from 1876 to 1885 when he resigned his position as President, to which position he was unanimously elected on the death of President Hulbert. To his efficient services as President and one of the Board of Directors is the success of the League after the death of its founder largely due. He was the originator of the National Agreement which has so firmly bound together the National League and the American Association. Since he resigned his position as President of the League in 1885, he has been practically out of Base Ball, although he still takes a deep interest in the game. He was succeeded by the worthy President, Mr. N. E. Young.

* * * * *

INDEX TO RULES AND REGULATIONS

* * * * * RULE. The Ground 1 The Infield 2 The Bases 3 Number of (1) 3 The Home Bases (2) 3 First, Second and Third (3) 3 Position (4) 3 Foul Lines 4 Pitcher's Lines 5 Catcher's Lines 6 Captain's Lines 7 Player's Lines 8 Batman's Lines 9 Three Feet Lines 10 Lines must be Marked 11 The Ball 12 Weight and Size (1) 12 Number Balls Furnished (2) 12 Furnished by Home Club (3) 12 Replaced if Injured (4) 12 The Bat 13 Material of (1) 13 Shape of (2) 13

THE PLAYERS AND THEIR POSITIONS.

Number of Players in Game 14 Players' Positions 15 Players not to Sit with Spectators 16 Club Uniforms 17 The Pitcher's Position 18 The Batsman's Position 19 Order of Batting 20 Where Players Must Remain (1) 20 Space Reserved for Umpire (2) 20 Space Allotted Players "at Bat" (3) 20 The Players' Benches 21

THE GAME.

Time of Championship Game (1) 22 Number of Innings (2) 22 Termination of Game (a) 22 The Winning Run (b) 22 A Tie Game 23 A Drawn Game 24 A Called Game 25 A Forfeited Game 26 Failure of the Nine to Appear (1) 26 Refusal of One Side to Play (2) 26 Failure to Resume Playing (3) 26 Willful Violation (4) 26 Disobeying Order to Remove Player (5) 26 Written Notice to President (6) 26 No Game 27 Substitutes 28 One or More Substitute Players (1) 28 Extra Player (2) 28 Base Runner (3) 28 Choice of Innings 29 A Fair Ball 30 An Unfair Ball 31 A Balk 32 Motion to Deceive (1) 32 Delay by Holding (2) 32 Pitcher Outside of Lines (3) 32 A Dead Ball 33 A Foul Strike 34 Block Balls 35 Stopped by Person Not in Game (1) 35 Ball Returned (2) 35 Base Runner Must Stop (3) 35 The Scoring of Runs 36 A Fair Hit 37 A Foul Hit 38 Batted Ball Outside Grounds 39 A Fair Batted Ball 40 Strikes 41 Ball Struck at by Batsman (1) 41 A Fair Ball Delivered by Pitcher (2) 41 Attempt to Make Foul Hit (3) 41 A Foul Strike 42 The Batsman is Out 43 Failure to Take Position at Bat in Order (1) 43 Failure to Take Position Within One Minute after Being Called (2) 43 If He Makes a Foul Hit (3) 43 If He Makes a Foul Strike (4) 43 Attempt to Hinder Catcher (5) 43 Three Strikes Called by Umpire (6) 43 If Ball Hits Him while Making Third Strike (7) 43 Attempted Foul Hit after Two Strikes (8) 43 The Batsman Becomes a Base Runner 44 After a Fair Hit (1) 44 After Four Balls are Called (2) 44 After Three Strikes are Declared (3) 44 If Hit by Ball While at Bat (4) 44 After Illegal Delivery of Ball (5) 44 Bases to be Touched 45 Entitled to Base 46 If Umpire Call Four Balls (1) 46 If Umpire Award Succeeding Batsman Base (2) 46 If Umpire Calls Balk (3) 46 If Pitcher's Ball Passes Catcher (4) 46 Ball Strikes Umpire (5) 46 Prevented from Making Base (6) 46 Fielder Stops Ball (7) 46 Returning to Bases 47 If Foul Tip (1) 47 If Foul Strike (2) 47 If Dead Ball (3) 47 Ball Thrown to Intercept Base Runner (4) 47 Base Runner Out 48 Attempt to Hinder Catcher from Fielding Ball (1) 48 If Fielder Hold Fair Hit Ball (2) 48 Third Strike Ball Held by Fielder (3) 48 Touched with Ball after Three Strikes (4) 48 Touching First Base (5) 48 Running from Home Base to First Base (6) 48 Running from First to Second Base (7) 48 Failure to Avoid Fielder (8) 48 Touched by Ball While in Play (9) 48 Fair or Foul Hit Caught by Fielder (10) 48 Batsman Becomes a Base Runner (11) 48 Touched by Hit Ball before Touching Fielder (12) 48 Running to Base (13) 48 Umpire Calls Play (14) 48 When Batsman or Base Runner is Out 49 Coaching Rules 50

THE UMPIRE.

Umpire's Power 51, 52 When Master of the Field (1) 52 Must Compel Observance of Playing Rules (2) 52 Special Duties 53 Is Sole Judge of Play (1) 53 Shall see Rules Observed Before Commencing Game (2) 53 Must Keep Contesting Nines Playing (3) 53 Must Count and Call Balls (4) 53 Attention of Umpire is Directed Against 54 Laziness or Loafing , (1) 54 Seeking to Disconcert Fielder (2) 54 Violation of Rules by Base Runner (3) 54 Umpire Must Call Play 55 Umpire Allowed to Call Time 56 Umpire is Empowered to Inflict Fines 57 For Indecent Language (1) 57 Wilful Failure of Captain to Remain within Bounds (2) 57 Disobedience of a Player (3) 57 Shall Notify Captain (4) 57 Repetition of Offenses (5) 57

FIELD RULES.

No Club Shall Allow Open Betting 58 Who Shall be Allowed in the Field 59 Audience Shall Not be Addressed 60 Every Club Shall Furnish Police Force 61

GENERAL DEFINITIONS.

Play 62 Time 63 Game 64 An Inning 65 A Time at Bat 66 Legal 67 Scoring 68 Batting (1) 68 Runs Made (2) 68 Base Hits (3) 68 Sacrifice Hits (4) 68 Fielding (5) 68 Assists (6) 68 Error (7) 68 Stolen Bases (8) 68 Runs Earned (9) 68 The Summary 69 Number of Earned Runs (1) 69 Number of Two Base Hits (2) 69 Number of Three Base Hits (3) 69 Number of Home Runs (4) 69 Number of Stolen Bases (5) 69 Number of Double and Triple Plays (6) 69 Bases on Called Balls (7) 69 Bases from Being Hit (8) 69 Men Struck Out (9) 69 Passed Balls (10) 69 Wild Pitches (11) 69 Time of Game (12) 69 Name of Umpire (13) 69 Amendments 70

NATIONAL PLAYING RULES OF

Professional Base Ball Clubs

AS ADOPTED JOINTLY BY THE NATIONAL LEAGUE AND AMERICAN ASSOCIATION, AND GOVERNING ALL CLUBS PARTIES TO THE NATIONAL AGREEMENT.

1889.

* * * * *

THE BALL GROUND.

RULE 1. The Ground must be an enclosed field, sufficient in size to enable each player to play in his position as required by these Rules.

RULE 2. The Infield must be a space of ground thirty yards square.

THE BASES.

RULE 3. The Bases must be

SEC. 1. Four in number, and designated as First Base, Second Base, Third Base and Home Base.

SEC. 2. The Home Base must be of whitened rubber twelve inches square, so fixed in the ground as to be even with the surface, and so placed in the corner of the infield that two of its sides will form part of the boundaries of said infield.

SEC. 3. The First, Second and Third Bases must be canvas bags, fifteen inches square, painted white, and filled with some soft material, and so placed that the center of the second base shall be upon its corner of the infield, and the center of the first and third bases shall be on the lines running to and from second base and seven and one-half inches from the foul lines, providing that each base shall be entirely within the foul lines.

SEC. 4. All the bases must be securely fastened in their positions, and so placed as to be distinctly seen by the Umpire.

THE FOUL LINES.

RULE 4. The Foul Lines must be drawn in straight lines from the outer corner of the Home Base, along the outer edge of the First and Third Bases, to the boundaries of the Ground.

THE POSITION LINES.

RULE 5. The Pitcher's Lines must be straight lines forming the boundaries of a space of ground, in the infield, five and one-half feet long by four feet wide, distant fifty feet from the center of the Home Base, and so placed that the five and one half feet lines would each be two feet distant from and parallel with a straight line passing through the center of the Home and Second Bases. Each corner of this space must be marked by a flat iron plate or stone six inches square, fixed in the ground even with the surface.

RULE 6. The Catcher's Lines must be drawn from the outer corner of the Home Base, in continuation of the Foul Lines, straight to the limits of the Ground back of Home Base.

RULE 7. The Captain's or Coacher's Lines must be a line fifteen feet from and parallel with the Foul Lines, said lines commencing at a line parallel with and seventy-five feet distant from the catcher's lines, and running thence to the limits of the grounds.

RULE 8. The Players' Lines must be drawn from the Catcher's Lines to the limits of the Ground, fifty feet distant from and parallel with, the foul lines.

RULE 9. The Batsman's Lines must be straight lines forming the boundaries of a space on the right, and of a similar space on the left of the Home Base, six feet long by four feet wide, extending three feet in front of and three feet behind the center of the Home Base, and with its nearest line distant six inches from the Home Base.

RULE 10. The Three Feet Lines must be drawn as follows: From a point on the Foul Line from Home Base to First Base, and equally distant from such bases, shall be drawn a line on Foul Ground, at a right angle to said Foul Line, and to a point three feet distant from it; thence running parallel with said Foul Line, to a point three feet distant from the First Base; thence in a straight line to the Foul Line, and thence upon the Foul Line to point of beginning.

RULE 11. The lines designated in Rules 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 must be marked with chalk or other suitable material, so as to be distinctly seen by the Umpire. They must all be so marked their entire length, except the Captain's and Player's Lines, which must be so marked for a distance of at least thirty-five yards from the Catcher's Lines.

THE BALL.

RULE 12. The Ball.

SEC. 1. Must not weigh less than five or more than five and one-quarter ounces avoirdupois, and measure not less than nine nor more than nine and one-quarter inches in circumference. The Spalding League Ball, or the Reach American Association Ball must be used in all games played under these rules.

SEC. 2. For each championship game two balls shall be furnished by the Home Club to the Umpire for use. When the ball in play is batted over the fence or stands, on to foul ground out of sight of the players, the other ball shall be immediately put into play by the Umpire. As often as one of the two in use shall be lost, a new one must be substituted, so that the Umpire may at all times, after the game begins, have two for use. The moment the Umpire delivers the alternate ball to the catcher or pitcher it comes into play, and shall not be exchanged until it, in turn, passes out of sight on to foul ground.

SEC. 3. In all games the ball or balls played with shall be furnished by the Home Club, and the last ball in play becomes the property of the winning club. Each ball to be used in championship games shall be examined, measured and weighed by the Secretary of the Association, inclosed in a paper box and sealed with the seal of the Secretary, which seal shall not be broken except by the Umpire in the presence of the captains of the two contesting nines after play has been called.

SEC. 4. Should the ball become out of shape, or cut or ripped so as to expose the yarn, or in any way so injured as to be—in the opinion of the Umpire—unfit for fair use, the Umpire, on being appealed to by either captain, shall at once put the alternate ball into play and call for a new one.

THE BAT.

RULE 13. The Bat.

SEC. 1. Must be made wholly of wood, except that the handle may be wound with twine or a granulated substance applied, not to exceed eighteen inches from the end.

SEC. 2. It must be round, except that a portion of the surface may be flat on one side, but it must not exceed two and one-half inches in diameter in the thickest part, and must not exceed forty-two inches in length.

THE PLAYERS AND THEIR POSITIONS.

RULE 14. The players of each club in a game shall be nine in number, one of whom shall act as Captain, and in no case shall less than nine men be allowed to play on each side.

RULE 15. The players' positions shall be such as may be assigned them by their Captain, except that the Pitcher must take his position within the Pitcher's Lines, as defined in Rule 5. When in position on the field, all players will be designated "Fielders" in these rules.

RULE 16. Players in uniform shall not be permitted to seat themselves among the spectators.

RULE 17. Every Club shall be required to adopt uniforms for its players, and each player shall be required to present himself upon the field during said game in a neat and cleanly condition, but no player shall attach anything to the sole or heel of his shoes other than the ordinary base ball shoe plate.

THE PITCHER'S POSITION.

RULE 18. The pitcher shall take his position facing the batsman with both feet square on the ground, one foot on the rear line of the "box." He shall not raise either foot, unless in the act of delivering the ball, nor make more than one step in such delivery. He shall hold the ball, before the delivery, fairly in front of his body, and in sight of the Umpire. When the pitcher feigns to throw the ball to a base he must resume the above position and pause momentarily before delivering the ball to the bat.

THE BATSMEN'S POSITION—ORDER OF BATTING.

RULE 19. The batsmen must take their positions within the Batsmen's Lines, as defined in Rule 9, in the order in which they are named on the score, which must contain the batting order of both nines, and be submitted by the Captains of the opposing teams to the Umpire before the game, and when approved by him THIS SCORE must be followed except in the case of a substitute player, in which case the substitute must take the place of the original player in the batting order. After the first inning the first striker in each inning shall be the batsman whose name follows that of the last man who has completed his turn—time at bat—in the preceding inning.

RULE 20. SEC. 1. When their side goes to the bat the players must immediately return to and seat themselves upon the players' bench and remain there until the side is put out, except when batsman or base runner. All bats not in use must be kept in the bat racks, and the two players next succeeding the batsman, in the order in which they are named on the score, must be ready with bat in hand to promptly take position as batsman; provided, that the Captain and one assistant only may occupy the space between the players' lines and the Captain's lines to coach base runners.

SEC. 2. No player of the side at bat, except when Batsman, shall occupy any portion of the space within the Catcher's Lines, as defined in Rule 6. The triangular space behind the Home Base is reserved for the exclusive use of the Umpire, Catcher and Batsman, and the Umpire must prohibit any player of the side "at bat" from crossing the same at any time while the ball is in the hands of, or passing between, the Pitcher and Catcher, while standing in their positions.

SEC. 3. The players of the side "at bat" must occupy the portion of the field allotted them, but must speedily vacate any portion thereof that may be in the way of the ball, or of any Fielder attempting to catch or field it.

PLAYERS' BENCHES.

RULE 21. The Players' Benches must be furnished by the home club, and placed upon a portion of the ground outside the Players' Lines. They must be twelve feet in length, and must be immovably fastened to the ground. At the end of each bench must be immovably fixed a bat rack, with fixtures for holding twenty bats; one such rack must be designated for the exclusive use of the Visiting Club, and the other for the exclusive use of the Home Club.

THE GAME.

RULE 22 SEC. I. Every Championship Game must be commenced not later than two hours before sunset.

SEC. 2. A Game shall consist of nine innings to each contesting nine, except that,

(a) If the side first at bat scores less runs in nine innings than the other side has scored in eight innings, the game shall then terminate.

(b) If the side last at bat in the ninth inning scores the winning run before the third man is out, the game shall terminate, upon the return of the ball to the pitcher.

A TIE GAME.

RULE 23. If the score be a tie at the end of nine innings to each side, play shall only be continued until the side first at bat shall have scored one or more runs than the other side, in an equal number of innings, or until the other side shall score one or more runs than the side first at bat.

A DRAWN GAME.

RULE 24. A Drawn Game shall be declared by the Umpire when he terminates a game on account of darkness or rain, after five equal innings have been played, if the score at the time is equal on the last even innings played; but if the side that went second to bat is then at the bat, and has scored the same number of runs as the other side, the Umpire shall declare the game drawn, without regard to the score of the last equal innings.

A CALLED GAME.

RULE 25 If the Umpire calls "Game" on account of darkness or rain at any time after five innings have been completed by both sides, the score shall be that of the last equal innings played, unless the side second at bat shall have scored one or more runs than the side first at bat, in which case the score of the game shall be the total number of runs made.

A FORFEITED GAME.

RULE 26. A Forfeited Game shall be declared by the Umpire in favor of the club not in fault, at the request of such club, in the following cases:

SEC. 1. If the nine of a club fail to appear upon the field, or being upon the field, fail to begin the game within five minutes after the Umpire has called "Play," at the hour appointed for the beginning of the game, unless such delay in appearing or in commencing the game be unavoidable.

SEC. 2. If, after the game has begun, one side refuses or fails to continue playing, unless such game has been suspended or terminated by the Umpire

SEC. 3. If, after play has been suspended by the Umpire, one side fails to resume playing within five minutes after the Umpire has called "Play."

SEC. 4. If, in the opinion of the Umpire, any one of these rules is willfully violated.

SEC. 5. If, after ordering the removal of a player, as authorized by Rule 57, Sec. 5, said order is not obeyed within five minutes.

SEC. 6. In case the Umpire declares a game forfeited, he shall transmit a written notice thereof to the President of the Association within twenty four hours thereafter.

NO GAME.

RULE 27. "No Game" shall be declared by the Umpire if he shall terminate play on account of rain or darkness, before five innings on each side are completed.

SUBSTITUTES.

RULE 28. SEC. 1. In every championship game each team shall be required to have present on the field, in uniform, at least one or more substitute players.

SEC. 2. One player, whose name shall be printed on the score card as an extra player, may be substituted at the end of any completed innings by either club, but the player retired shall not thereafter participate in the game In addition thereto a substitute may be allowed at any time in place of a player disabled in the game then being played, by reason of illness or injury, of the nature and extent of which the Umpire shall be the sole judge.

SEC. 3. The Base Runner shall not have a substitute run for him, except by consent of the Captains of the contesting teams.

CHOICE OF INNINGS—CONDITION OF GROUND.

RULE 29. The choice of innings shall be given to the Captain of the Home Club, who shall also be the sole judge of the fitness of the ground for beginning a game after rain.

THE DELIVERY OF THE BALL—FAIR AND UNFAIR BALLS.

RULE 30. A Fair Ball is a ball delivered by the Pitcher while standing wholly within the lines of his position, and facing the batsman, the ball, so delivered to pass over the home base, not lower than the batsman's knee, nor higher than his shoulder.

RULE 31. An Unfair Ball is a ball delivered by the Pitcher, as in Rule 30, except that the ball does not pass over the Home Base, or does pass over the Home Base above the batsman's shoulder, or below the knee.

BALKING.

RULE 32. A Balk is

SEC. 1. Any motion made by the Pitcher to deliver the ball to the bat without delivering it, and shall be held to include any and every accustomed motion with the hands, arms or feet, or position of the body assumed by the Pitcher in his delivery of the ball, and any motion calculated to deceive a base runner, except the ball be accidentally dropped.

SEC. 2. The holding of the ball by the Pitcher so long as to delay the game unnecessarily; or

SEC. 3. Any motion to deliver the ball, or the delivering the ball to the bat by the Pitcher when any part of his person is upon ground outside of the lines of his position, including all preliminary motions with the hands, arms and feet.

DEAD BALLS.

RULE 33. A Dead Ball is a ball delivered to the bat by the Pitcher that touches the Batsman's bat without being struck at, or any part of the Batsman's person or clothing while standing in his position without being struck at; or any part of the Umpire's person or clothing, while on foul ground, without first passing the Catcher.

RULE 34. In case of a Foul Strike, Foul Hit ball not legally caught out, Dead Ball, or Base Runner put out for being struck by a fair hit ball, the ball shall not be considered in play until it is held by the Pitcher standing in his position.

BLOCK BALLS.

RULE 35. SEC. 1. A Block is a batted or thrown ball that is stopped or handled by any person not engaged in the game.

SEC. 2. Whenever a Block occurs the Umpire shall declare it, and Base Runners may run the bases, without being put out, until the ball has been returned to and held by the Pitcher standing in his position.

SEC. 3. In the case of a Block, if the person not engaged in the game should retain possession of the ball, or throw or kick it beyond the reach of the Fielders, the Umpire should call "Time," and require each base runner to stop at the last base touched by him until the ball be returned to the Pitcher standing in his position.

THE SCORING OF RUNS.

RULE 36. One Run shall be scored every time a Base Runner, after having legally touched the first three bases, shall touch the Home Base before three men are put out. If the third man is forced out, or is put out before reaching First Base, a run shall not be scored.

THE BATTING RULES.

RULE 37. A Fair Hit is a ball batted by the batsman, standing in his position, that first touches the ground, the First Base, the Third Base, any part of the person of a player, Umpire, or any other object that is in front of or on either of the Foul Lines, or batted directly to the ground by the Batsman, standing in his position, that (whether it first touches Foul or Fair Ground) bounds or rolls within the Foul Lines, between Home and First, or Home and Third Bases, without interference by a player.

RULE 38. A Foul Hit is a ball batted by the Batsman, standing in his position, that first touches the ground, any part of the person of a player, or any other object that is behind either of the Foul Lines, or that strikes the person of such Batsman, while standing in his position, or batted directly to the ground by the Batsman, standing in his position, that (whether it first touches Foul or Fair Ground) bounds or rolls outside the Foul Lines, between Home and First or Home and Third Bases, without interference by a player. Provided, that a Foul Hit not rising above the Batsman's head and caught by the Catcher playing within ten feet of the Home Base, shall be termed a Foul Tip.

BALLS BATTED OUTSIDE THE GROUNDS.

RULE 39. When a batted ball passes outside the grounds, the Umpire shall decide it Fair should it disappear within, or Foul should it disappear outside of the range of the Foul Lines, and Rules 37 and 38 are to be construed accordingly.

RULE 40. A Fair batted ball that goes over the fence at a less distance than two hundred and ten feet from Home Base shall entitle the Batsman to two bases and a distinctive line shall be marked on the fence at this point.

STRIKES.

RULE 41. A Strike is

SEC. 1. A ball struck at by the Batsman without its touching his bat; or

SEC. 2. A fair ball, legally delivered by the Pitcher, but not struck at by the Batsman.

SEC. 3. Any obvious attempt to make a foul hit.

RULE 42. A foul strike is a ball batted by the Batsman when any part of his person is upon ground outside the lines of the Batsman's position.

THE BATSMAN IS OUT.

RULE 43. The Batsman is out:

SEC. 1. If he fails to take his position at the bat in his order of batting, unless the error be discovered and the proper Batsman takes his position before a fair hit has been made, and in such case the balls and strikes called must be counted in the time at bat of the proper Batsman: Provided, this rule shall not take effect unless the out is declared before the ball is delivered to the succeeding Batsman.

SEC. 2. If he fails to take his position within one minute after the Umpire has called for the Batsman.

SEC. 3. If he makes a foul hit, other than a foul tip as defined in Rule 38 and the ball be momentarily held by a Fielder before touching the ground, provided it be not caught in a Fielder's hat or cap, or touch some object other than a Fielder before being caught.

SEC. 4. If he makes a foul strike.

SEC. 5. If he attempts to hinder the Catcher from fielding the ball, evidently without effort to make a fair hit.

SEC. 6. If, while the first base be occupied by a base runner, three strikes be called on him by the Umpire, except when two men are already out.

SEC. 7. If, while making the third strike, the ball hits his person or clothing.

SEC. 8. If, after two strikes have been called, the Batsman obviously attempts to make a foul hit, as in Section 3, Rule 41.

BASE RUNNING RULES.

WHEN THE BATSMAN BECOMES A BASE RUNNER.

RULE 44. The Batsman becomes a Base Runner:

SEC. 1. Instantly after he makes a fair hit.

SEC. 2. Instantly after four Balls have been called by the Umpire.

SEC. 3. Instantly after three strikes have been declared by the Umpire.

SEC. 4. If, while he be a Batsman, his person or clothing be hit by a ball from the pitcher, unless—in the opinion of the Umpire—he intentionally permits himself to be so hit.

SEC. 5. Instantly after an illegal delivery of a ball by the pitcher.

BASES TO BE TOUCHED.

RULE 45. The Base Runner must touch each Base in regular order, viz.: First, Second, Third and Home Bases; and when obliged to return (except on a foul hit) must retouch the base or bases in reverse order. He shall only be considered as holding a base after touching it, and shall then be entitled to hold such base until he has legally touched the next base in order, or has been legally forced to vacate it for a succeeding Base Runner.

ENTITLED TO BASES.

RULE 46. The Base Runner shall be entitled, without being put out, to take one Base in the following cases:

SEC. 1. If, while he was Batsman, the Umpire called four Balls.

SEC. 2. If the Umpire awards a succeeding Batsman a base on four balls, or for being hit with a pitched ball, or in case of an illegal delivery— as in Rule 44, Sec. 5—and the Base Runner is thereby forced to vacate the base held by him.

SEC. 3. If the Umpire calls a "balk."

SEC. 4. If a ball delivered by the Pitcher pass the Catcher and touch the Umpire or any fence or building within ninety feet of the Home Base.

SEC. 5. If upon a fair hit the Ball strikes the person or clothing of the Umpire on fair ground.

SEC. 6. If he be prevented from making a base by the obstruction of an adversary.

SEC. 7. If the Fielder stop or catch a batted ball with his hat or any part of his dress.

RETURNING TO BASES.

RULE 47. The Base Runner shall return to his Base, and shall be entitled to so return without being put out.

SEC. 1. If the Umpire declares a Foul Tip (as defined in Rule 38) or any other Foul Hit not legally caught by a Fielder.

SEC. 2. If the Umpire declares a Foul Strike.

SEC. 3. If the Umpire declares a Dead Ball, unless it be also the fourth Unfair Ball, and he be thereby forced to take the next base, as provided in Rule 46, Sec. 2.

SEC. 4. If the person or clothing of the Umpire is struck by a ball thrown by the Catcher to intercept a Base Runner.

WHEN BASE RUNNERS ARE OUT.

RULE 48. The Base Runner is out:

SEC. 1. If, after three strikes have been declared against him while Batsman, and the Catcher fail to catch the third strike ball, he plainly attempts to hinder the Catcher from fielding the ball.

SEC. 2. If, having made a Fair Hit while Batsman, such fair hit ball be momentarily held by a Fielder, before touching the ground or any object other than a Fielder. Provided, it be not caught in a Fielder's hat or cap.

SEC. 3. If, when the Umpire has declared three strikes on him, while batsman, the third strike ball be momentarily held by a Fielder before touching the ground. Provided, it be not caught in a Fielder's hat or cap, or touch some object other than a Fielder before being caught.

SEC. 4. If, after Three Strikes or a Fair Hit, he be touched with the ball in the hand of a Fielder before such Base Runner touches First Base.

SEC. 5. If, after Three Strikes or a Fair Hit, the ball be securely held by a Fielder, while touching First Base with any part of his person, before such Base Runner touches First Base.

SEC. 6. If, in running the last half of the distance from Home Base to First Base, he runs outside the Three Feet Lines, as defined in Rule 10; except that he must do so if necessary to avoid a Fielder attempting to field a batted ball, and in such case shall not be declared out.

SEC. 7. If, in running from First to Second Base, from Second to Third Base, or from Third to Home Base, he runs more than three feet from a direct line between such bases to avoid being touched by the ball in the hands of a Fielder; but in case a Fielder be occupying the Base Runner's proper path, attempting to field a batted ball, then the Base Runner shall run out of the path and behind said Fielder, and shall not be declared out for so doing.

SEC. 8. If he fails to avoid a Fielder attempting to field a batted ball, in the manner prescribed in Sections 6 and 7 of this Rule; or if he, in any way, obstructs a Fielder attempting to field a batted ball, or intentionally interferes with a thrown ball: Provided, That if two or more Fielders attempt to field a batted ball, and the Base Runner comes in contact with one or more of them, the Umpire shall determine which Fielder is entitled to the benefit of this Rule, and shall not decide the Base Runner out for coming in contact with any other Fielder.

SEC. 9. If, at any time while the ball is in play, he be touched by the ball in the hands of a Fielder, unless some part of his person is touching a base he is entitled to occupy: Provided, The ball be held by the Fielder after touching him; but (exception as to First Base), in running to First Base, he may overrun said base without being put out for being off said base, after first touching it, provided he returns at once and retouches the base, after which he may be put out as at any other base. If, in overrunning First Base, he also attempts to run to Second Base, or, after passing the base he turns to his left from the foul line, he shall forfeit such exemption from being put out.

SEC. 10. If, when a Fair or Foul Hit ball, other than a foul tip as referred to in Rule 38, is legally caught by a Fielder, such ball is legally held by a Fielder on the base occupied by the Base Runner when such ball was struck (or the Base Runner be touched with the ball in the hands of a Fielder), before he retouches said base after such Fair or Foul Hit ball was so caught. Provided, That the Base Runner shall not be out in such case, if, after the ball was legally caught as above, it be delivered to the bat by the Pitcher before the Fielder holds it on said base, or touches the Base Runner with it; but if the Base Runner in attempting to reach a base, detaches it before being touched or forced out he shall be declared safe.

SEC. 11. If, when a Batsman becomes a Base Runner, the First Base, or the First and Second Bases, or the First, Second and Third Bases, be occupied, any Base Runner so occupying a base shall cease to be entitled to hold it, until any following Base Runner is put out and may be put out at the next base or by being touched by the ball in the hands of a Fielder in the same manner as in running to First Base, at any time before any following Base Runner is put out.

SEC. 12. If a Fair Hit ball strike him before touching the fielder and in such case no base shall be run unless forced by the Batsman becoming a Base Runner, and no run shall be scored.

SEC. 13. If when running to a base or forced to return to a base, he fail to touch the intervening base or bases, if any, in the order prescribed in Rule 45, he may be put out at the base he fails to touch, or by being touched by the ball in the hands of a Fielder, in the same manner as in running to First Base.

SEC. 14. If, when the Umpire calls "Play," after any suspension of a game, he fails to return to and touch the base he occupied when "Time" was called before touching the next base.

WHEN BATSMAN OR BASE RUNNER IS OUT.

RULE 49. The Umpire shall declare the Batsman or Base Runner out, without waiting for an appeal for such decision, in all cases where such player is put out in accordance with these rules, except as provided in Rule 48, Sections 10 and 14.

COACHING RULES.

RULE 50. The Captains and Coachers are restricted in coaching to the Base Runner only, and are not allowed to address any remarks except to the Base Runner, and then only in words of necessary direction; and no player shall use language which will in any manner refer to or reflect upon a player of the opposing club, or the audience. To enforce the above, the Captain of the opposite side may call the attention of the Umpire to the offence, and upon a repetition of the same the club shall be debarred from further coaching during the game.

THE UMPIRE.

RULE 51. The Umpire shall not be changed during the progress of a game, except for reasons of illness or injury.

HIS POWERS AND JURISDICTION.

RULE 52. SEC. 1. The Umpire is master of the Field from the commencement to the termination of the game, and is entitled to the respect of the spectators, and any person offering any insult or indignity to him must be promptly ejected from the grounds.

SEC. 2. He must compel the players to observe the provisions of all the Playing Rules, and he is hereby invested with authority to order any player to do or omit to do any act as he may deem necessary, to give force and effect to any and all of such provisions.

SPECIAL DUTIES.

RULE 53. The Umpire's duties shall be as follows:

SEC. 1. The Umpire is the sole and absolute judge of play. In no instance shall any person be allowed to question the correctness of any decision made by him except the Captains of the contending nines, and no other player shall at such time leave his position in the field, his place at the bat, on the bases or players' bench, to approach or address the Umpire in word or act upon such disputed decision. Neither shall any Manager or other officers of either club—except the Captains as before mentioned— be permitted to go upon the field or address the Umpire in regard to such disputed decision, under a penalty of a forfeiture of the game to the opposing club. The Umpire shall in no case appeal to any spectator for information in regard to any case, and shall not reverse his decision on any point of play on the testimony of any player or bystander.

SEC. 2. Before the commencement of a Game, the Umpire shall see that the rules governing all the materials of the game are strictly observed. He shall ask the Captain of the Home Club whether there are any special ground rules to be enforced, and if there are, he shall see that they are duly enforced, provided they do not conflict with any of these Rules. He shall also ascertain whether the fence in the rear of the Catcher's position is distant ninety feet from the Home Base.

SEC. 3. The Umpire must keep the contesting nines playing constantly from the commencement of the game to its termination, allowing such delays only as are rendered unavoidable by accident, injury or rain. He must, until the completion of the game, require the players of each side to promptly take their positions in the field as soon as the the third man is put out, and must require the first striker of the opposite side to be in his position at the bat as soon as the fielders are in their places.

SEC. 4. The Umpire shall count and call every "unfair ball" delivered by the Pitcher, and every "dead ball," if also an unfair ball, as a "ball," and he shall also count and call every "strike." Neither a "ball" nor a "strike" shall be counted or called until the ball has passed the home base. He shall also declare every "Dead Ball," "Block," "Foul Hit," "Foul Strike," and "Balk."

RULE 54. For the special benefit of the patrons of the game, and because the offences specified are under his immediate jurisdiction, and not subject to appeal by players, the attention of the Umpire is particularly directed to possible violations of the purpose and spirit of the Rules of the following character:

SEC. 1. Laziness or loafing of players in taking their places in the field, or those allotted them by the Rules when their side is at the bat, and especially any failure to keep the bats in the racks provided for them; to be ready (two men) to take position as Batsmen, and to remain upon the Players' Bench, except when otherwise required by the Rules.

SEC. 2. Any attempt by players of the side at bat, by calling to a Fielder, other than the one designated by his Captain, to field a ball, or by any other equally disreputable means seeking to disconcert a Fielder.

SEC. 3. The Rules make a marked distinction between hindrance of an adversary in fielding a batted or thrown ball. This has been done to rid the game of the childish excuses and claims formerly made by a Fielder failing to hold a ball to put out a Base Runner. But there may be cases of a Base Runner so flagrantly violating the spirit of the Rules and of the Game in obstructing a Fielder from fielding a thrown ball that it would become the duty of the Umpire, not only to declare the Base Runner "out" (and to compel any succeeding Base Runners to hold their bases), but also to impose a heavy fine upon him. For example: If the Base Runner plainly strike at the ball while passing him, to prevent its being caught by a Fielder; if he holds a Fielder's arms so as to disable him from catching the ball, or if he run against or knock the Fielder down for the same purpose.

CALLING "PLAY" AND "TIME."

RULE 55. The Umpire must call "Play," promptly at the hour designated by the Home Club, and on the call of "Play" the game must immediately begin. When he calls "Time," play shall be suspended until he calls "Play" again, and during the interim no player shall be put out, base be run, or run be scored. The Umpire shall suspend play only for an accident to himself or a player (but in case of accident to a Fielder, "Time" shall not be called until the ball be returned to, and held by the Pitcher, standing in his position), or in case rain falls so heavily that the spectators are compelled, by the severity of the storm, to seek shelter, in which case he shall note the time of suspension, and should such rain continue to fall thirty minutes thereafter, he shall terminate the game; or to enforce order in case of annoyance from spectators.