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2. The British Standard Ski Tests are of two kinds: Cross Country Ski-ing Tests and Jumping Tests. There are three Tests of each kind, a First Class Test, a Second Class Test, and a Third Class Test.
3. The Tests are open to all ski-runners without payment, but successful candidates will only receive a certificate and badge if they are members or prospective members of one of the Clubs represented on the Council. A candidate who has been proposed and seconded for a constituent Club, and who has paid a year's subscription, and whose election is pending, will be deemed a prospective member for the purpose of this rule. The following sums will be payable for the badges. These sums may be paid through the members' Clubs or direct to the Hon. Secretary of the Council.
First Class Badge 35s. Second Class Badge 3s. Third Class Badge 2s.
4. In Switzerland francs will be accepted instead of shillings in payment of badges.
5. Certificates and badges will be awarded to any person who has passed the Cross Country Ski-ing Tests: First Class, a gold badge; Second Class, a silver badge; Third Class, a bronze badge. Certificates will be issued to those who have passed the corresponding Jumping Tests, and these certificates will entitle the holder to receive a Jumping badge when the Council authorizes the issue of new badges.
6. Application for the badges, accompanied by a certificate signed by two judges, shall be made either to the local representative of the Club or to the Hon. Secretary of the Council, K.R. Swan, Esq., 1 Essex Court, Temple, within three months of the passing of the Test.
7. Certificate holders will alone be recognized as having passed the tests. No certificate will be recognized as valid unless issued to a member of one of the constituent clubs of the Council. A list of those certified as having passed any of the tests will be issued periodically by the Council.
8. Judges.—No candidate can be judged for any test nor for any part of a test unless two qualified Judges are present. No candidate can be passed for any part of a test except by being judged formally and knowing that he is being judged.
9. The Judges are appointed by the Council; the appointment is for the season only. Judges and Emergency Judges must be of British nationality.
10. The Council also appoints an emergency committee, any one of whom shall have the power to appoint temporary judges for the season only, to act with a Judge elected by the Council. Such temporary judges shall only be qualified to judge such tests as they have themselves passed. The appointment of an Emergency Judge will not be recognized by the Council unless the appointment is notified to the Secretary of the Council.
CROSS COUNTRY SKI-ING TESTS.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO JUDGES.
The following definitions may be taken as applying to the three tests:
Stemming Turns.—For the purpose of these Tests, Judges must insist that candidates shall adopt that type of stemming turn known as the "lifted stemming turn," that is to say, the stemming turn which is finished by lifting round the inside ski.
Telemarks.—In the Telemark the back ski should drop behind, and the bend of the back ski should not be ahead of the ankle of the leading foot and should not be allowed to come forward till the turn is completed. Candidates who start the turn with a mixture of ordinary stemming should not be passed.
Christianias.—The Christiania may be done either by separating the points of the ski and completed by bringing them parallel—the so-called "open Christiania"; or by keeping the ski parallel throughout and jerking them round, the "jerked Christiania"; or by a very slight stem, the ski being immediately brought parallel after the turn has started, the so-called "Closed or Stem Christiania."
In every case the essence of the Christiania is that the swing should be rapid, and that the preliminary stemming or diverging of the skis should be as slight as possible.
A turn started by pronounced stemming and completed as a Christiania should not be passed.
Continuous Turns are sometimes known as "downhill turns." They are used to connect one tack with another, and differ from stop or uphill turns in that the turn is made away from the hill instead of up towards the hill. Candidates must not stop between two continuous turns.
Hard Snow.—For the purpose of these tests, any well-beaten down practice slope from which all traces of soft snow have disappeared may be considered as hard snow. Hard crust superficially softened by the sun cannot be considered as hard snow.
Soft Snow.—For the purpose of these tests, a deep layer of powder snow resting on hard crust, or hard crust superficially softened by the sun, but not breakable, may be considered as soft snow.
Form.—The Judges must consider the "form" of the runner, as well as his speed and steadiness. The distinguishing marks of good "form" are an easy balance without dependence on the sticks (see below), an erect position, except on steep slopes, and a narrow single spoor in soft snow.
Use of the Sticks.—Candidates should carry sticks throughout these tests, but the sticks should not be used to reduce speed nor to help out a turn. On the other hand, a candidate may be allowed a prod with a single stick at the end of a turn provided that he is carrying a stick in each hand, or in the event of the candidate using a single stick that this stick is only held in one of his hands. He must not put both his sticks together, nor hold a single stick in his two hands, during any of these tests, unless expressly directed to do so by the Judge.
THE THIRD CLASS TEST (CROSS COUNTRY).
The Third Class Test consists of three parts, which may be passed on different days, and before different Judges.
Part (a).—The ascent of 1,500 feet in not more than 1 hour 30 minutes, and the descent of the same distance within a time which shall be decided by the Judges. This time shall not be less than 7 minutes, nor more than 20 minutes, and shall not exceed 12 minutes unless sanctioned by a Second Class Judge or member of the Emergency Committee who is present and judging.
Part (b).—Four continuous Lifted Stemming turns on a slope of hard snow or hard snow covered by a shallow layer of soft snow. The angle of the slope to be between 15-20 degrees.
Part (c).—Four continuous Telemarks in soft snow on a slope of similar gradient.
INSTRUCTIONS TO JUDGES.
1. The course selected for Part (a) should include at least 200 feet of moderately difficult ground. Courses such as the Lauberhorn at Wengen, which is an unbroken descent of 1,500 feet that a good runner could take straight, should not be chosen. No part of the course should be along a road.
2. Throughout the Test candidates must carry rucksacks, which should weigh about six lbs. for men, and three lbs. for ladies. The ski must not be removed during the test, except to clean or repair them.
3. The Judges should, if possible, appoint two time-keepers. During the descent not more than six candidates must be judged in one batch.
4. Not more than three attempts at Part (b), and not more than three attempts at Part (c) are allowed on the same day.
5. The attention of the Judges is directed to the General Instructions. The gradient on which Third Class candidates are expected to do their turns is gentle, as the intention is to secure that candidates should master the proper methods, so as to be able later to make real use of the turns on steep slopes. Judges are therefore urged to insist that the stemming turns and Telemarks are done correctly and in good style. Each turn should be short, well defined, and not a mere change of direction.
QUALIFYING TEST FOR THE SECOND CLASS (CROSS COUNTRY).
No Candidate may enter for Parts (a), (b) and (c) of the Second Class Test until he has passed the Qualifying Test, and no Candidate may enter for the Qualifying Test until he has passed the Third Class Test.
The Qualifying Test consists of three parts, which may be passed on different days and before different judges, but which must all be passed in the same season.
Part (a).—Four continuous Lifted Stemming turns on a slope of hard snow at an angle of 25-30 degrees.
Part (b).—Four continuous Telemark turns on a slope of soft snow at an angle of 25-30 degrees.
Part (c).—Christiania swings to a standstill (right and left) from a direct descent at a fair speed.
INSTRUCTIONS TO JUDGES.
1. Not more than three attempts at any one part should be allowed on the same day.
2. The Christianias should be done on the level or on a gentle slope after a descent from a steep slope, as a stop Christiania is more difficult on the level than on the slope.
3. The Judges must require a considerably higher standard of steadiness and certainty than in the Third Class Test. The object of the Third Class Test is to ensure that candidates learn the correct methods of making the turns. The object of the Second Class Test is to ensure that candidates can make practical use of these turns on moderately steep slopes.
THE SECOND CLASS TEST (CROSS COUNTRY).
The Second Class Test consists of three parts, which must all be passed in the same season, and should, if possible, be judged by the same Judges.
Part (a).—A descent of not less than 2,500 feet, mainly on soft snow. The course selected should provide opportunities for straight running on reasonably steep slopes.
Part (b).—A descent of not less than 1,000 feet on hard snow, such as unbreakable crust or snow which has been thoroughly beaten down.
Part (c).—A descent of at least 500 feet of woodrunning, dense enough to prevent straight running, but not too dense to prevent continuous turns.
1. A Second Class runner may be defined as a runner who can run at a good speed on hard or soft snow of unvarying quality, and who is, above all, thoroughly steady on his turns. A runner who runs recklessly without judgment, and who shows little power of selecting a safe line, should not be passed even if he takes slopes straight at the expense of frequent falls. The Second Class Test is, in the main, a test of steady controlled ski-ing at a good, but not at a racing speed.
2. Candidates must not use their sticks to control speed nor to help out a turn except under very exceptional circumstances and with the express permission of the Judges. The Judges must, however, satisfy themselves that the Candidates understand the use of the stick, and could, in emergencies, where speed is vital, increase their speed and steadiness on difficult snow by the use of the stick.
QUALIFYING TEST FOR THE FIRST CLASS (CROSS COUNTRY).
No candidate may enter for Parts (a), (b) and (c) of the First Class Test until he has passed the Qualifying Test that entitles him to be judged for the First Class Test, and no candidate may enter for this Qualifying Test until he has passed the Second Class Test.
The Qualifying Test consists of five parts, which may be judged on different days and before different Judges, but which must all be passed in the same season.
Part (a).—Four continuous lifted Stemming turns on a slope of hard snow at an angle of not less than 30 degrees.
Part (b).—Four continuous Telemark turns on a slope of soft snow at an angle of not less than 30.
Part (c).—Four consecutive jump-turns to connect downhill tacks on a slope of breakable crust at an angle of about 30 degrees.
Part (d).—Christiania swings to a standstill (right and left) from a direct descent at a very high speed.
Part (e).—Four continuous Christiania (see General Instructions) on a slope of about 20 degrees.
INSTRUCTIONS TO JUDGES.
1. The turns must be done round sticks or flags placed by the Judges.
2. Not more than three attempts at any one part are allowed on the same day.
3. Soft breakable crust will usually be found on slopes with a southerly exposure just after the sun has struck them or just before the sun leaves them.
FIRST CLASS TEST (CROSS COUNTRY SKI-ING).
The First Class Test consists of three parts, which must all be passed in the same season and should, if possible, be passed by the same Judges. If this is impracticable, Judges must indicate on the Test forms which parts they have judged. Not more than two parts shall be judged on the same day.
Part (a).—A descent of not less than 2,500 feet, which should, if possible, be continuous without any intervening stretches of level or uphill. The course selected must provide ample opportunity for fast, straight running, and must also include a fair proportion of steep and difficult ground.
Part (b).—A descent of not less than 1,000 feet on really difficult snow, such as hard, wind-swept, unbreakable crust, on which Lifted Stemming turns are practicable but Telemarks impossible, varied by breakable crust in which only Jump turns are practicable.
Part (c).—A descent of not less than 500 feet of difficult woodrunning in which continuous turns are just possible for a first-class runner..
The above represents a minimum, rather than a maximum. If Judges can devote sufficient time to the Test, each section may well be repeated on different days in order that the Judges may have ample opportunity of coming to a decision.
For a descent of about 500 feet, the candidate should lead in order to test his capacity for choosing a good line. During the rest of the Test one of the Judges must lead and must set a first-class speed. The other Judge must remain behind the candidate in order to compare his speed and steadiness with that of the leading Judge.
A First Class runner turns as little as possible and slows up as little as possible before each turn. His turns are done at a high speed on all but very steep ground.
The candidate must satisfy the Judges that his running combines high speed, thorough steadiness on difficult ground and difficult snow, and an easy, effortless control of his ski.
SKI-JUMPING TESTS.
GENERAL REGULATIONS.
1. The length of a jump shall be measured with a taut tape from the edge of the take-off to that point at which the hindermost ski touches the alighting track with the part immediately below the binding.
2. To constitute a standing jump the runner must not fall within a distance of 40 metres from the edge of the take-off or within a distance of 60 metres where the jump, as in the First Class Test, exceeds 30 metres. If the runner comes to a standstill without falling within this distance he will be held to have stood.
3. If a runner saves himself from falling by supporting himself with his hands, he shall be considered to have fallen.
THIRD CLASS TEST (JUMPING).
1. Every Candidate is required to make two standing jumps of not less than 10 metres. Four attempts are allowed on the same day.
2. Any two Judges appointed by the Council for the Cross Country Ski-ing Tests are qualified to judge this Test.
SECOND CLASS TEST (JUMPING).
1. Every Candidate is required to make two standing jumps of not less than 20 metres. Four attempts are allowed on any one day.
2. Any two Second Class Judges appointed by the Federal Council for Cross Country Ski-ing Tests may judge this Test. Any Candidate who has passed this Test may replace one of the Second Class Judges.
FIRST CLASS TEST (JUMPING).
1. Every Candidate is required to make two standing jumps of not less than 30 metres. Four attempts are allowed on any one day.
2. Two Second Class Judges appointed by the Federal Council for Cross Country Ski-ing may judge this Test. Any Candidate who has passed the Second Class Jumping Test may act in place of one of the Second Class Judges.
INDEX
Accidents Adelboden Alpine Club Huts Ambulance Sledge Andermatt Aneroid Arosa Attractions of Ski-ing Avalanches
Bergun Bernese Oberland Bernina Bindings Boots
Campfer Cap Care of Equipment Celerina Clothing Clubs Coats Compass Cost of Ski-ing Holiday Crampons Cutting the Track
Dangerous tracks Davos Diablerets Discarded Skis, disposal of
Elements of Ski-ing Engadine Engelberg Equipment Equipment List Etiquette
Falls Fex Thal Finding the Way First Aid Equipment Foot plates
Gloves Gradients Graubunden or Grisons Grindelwald Gstaad Guides
Hat Heights History of Ski-ing
Inn Valley Instructors Iron for waxing
Julier Pass Jungfrau Joch
Kandersteg Kesch Klosters Knife
Lantern Lap Thong Lauterbrunnen Lenzerheide Light Lifting a Ski
Maloja Maps Mending Outfit Montana Morgins Muottas Muraigl Murren
Nursery Slopes
Oiling Skis Boots Bindings
Para Iron Parsenn Pockets Pontresina Puttees Putting on Skis
Rettungs Chef Rhone Valley Right of Way Rucksack Runaway Skis
Saanenmoser Samaden Scheidegg Schuls Scraper Search Parties Side Slipping Side Stepping Signals of Distress Silvaplana Sils-Maria Ski-ing Centres Skins (Seal) Skis Snow Soft Hard Crust Sticky Socks Spare Binding Spare Clothing Spare Ski Tip Spectacles Splugen Sticks St. Moritz Stockings Straight Running Summer Ski-ing Sweaters
Tests Elementary Third Class Second Class First Class Regulations Jumping Toe Irons Traversing
Uphill Work
Villars
Wax Wengen Wind Jacket
Zuoz
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