Mr. Freeman again opposed the new law passed against gambling—for, he said, it was so shaped, that if a man of property gambled, he could not be troubled, but a poor, itinerant gambler could be punished. Mr. Freeman read the law in proof—wherein a difference certainly appeared to be made between those who had something to live upon, and a merely itinerant gambler—the latter liable to imprisonment if he kept a gaming house, of from one to five years. Indeed, "being without a fixed residence" is one of the features of the law. Such a law appeared to Mr. Freeman as if, for example, a man of standing were to go into a store and steal, he would be let off—- whereas, if an itinerant man were to steal, he must be punished with years of imprisonment. The cases were parallel, and yet, it seemed to him that a man of good standing ought to be punished more severely than the other, because his temptations were not so great. Such a law, so partial, was a disgrace to the statute-book. From what he knew of legislators, he thought they had made such a law, knowing that gambling was a bad vice, as a bugbear, to deter people from engaging in it—and, in some cases, because they were afraid of public opinion, and servilely followed the crowd, lest at some future time they might lose their election.

Mr. Freeman said that he considered himself as an anti-gambler—but injustice had been done to gamblers, and he had defended them as far as he consistently could—and if an audience would meet him on Tuesday night, he would give them an anti-gambling lecture. He differed with Mr. Green.

Mr. Green wished to know why Mr. Freeman should dislike the law so much, if he considered gambling a bad vice—he (Mr. Green) really did not understand such a position. Such was the effect of gambling upon the mind, that he was sure that when Mr. Freeman first lost his money, (three thousand dollars,) and first became a gambler, he would not have spoken as he had that night. A young man, in gambling, was driven on by degrees, by the excitement of cards, of fine wines, society, &c. Gamblers ridiculed all ideas of reform, and said to the young man, you know all about us—we are called gamblers—and the young man thinks he knows all about them, as he finds them fascinating—but he knows nothing about them. When the young man is ruined, what do the gamblers do for him? Nothing. Such a young man in Baltimore was thus ruined, and became a sot—and at length had no place to sleep, unless the gamblers allowed him. One night, he was awakened by the gambler shaking him, and calling him a loafer. The poor man said, "I do not deserve this at your hands. This was the first house I gambled in." The gambler threw him down stairs, and his head struck the curb-stone, and Mr. Green lent him his handkerchief to bind up the wound, and prevented further mischief being done to him. The next day he was found under one of the wharves—dead! And such was the treatment inflicted on him by the gamblers. Mr. Green then defended the new law.

Mr. Freeman said that he opposed the law because he thought it discreditable to Pennsylvania—that there should be a law to the effect that, "If I play cards, a man may say to me—there, you have done an act that, if legally visited, would send you to the Penitentiary." Mr. Freeman illustrated his views by a reference to the explosion of steamboats. Mr. Freeman said that there was never but one gambler put into prison south of Mason & Dixon's line. Mr. Freeman hinted that Mr. Green at Harrisburg had shown gambling tricks upon cards, with packs that were known to him—prepared cards, in fact. He thus astonished the natives. And this was one influence brought in aid of a passage of the law.

A vote was then taken on the question—"Shall the proceeds of this night be given to Mr. Freeman?" It was decided in the affirmative by a large majority.

Mr. Freeman did not deny that cheating was practised by the gamblers. But Mr. Freeman contended that Mr. Green could not perform the tricks, could not cheat with cards that he was not familiar with. Mr. Freeman produced a pack which he had just bought, and were otherwise untouched—and he said that Mr. Green could not operate with that pack. He defied him.

Mr. Green said that this was no argument. But if Mr. Freeman would agree, and the meeting would appoint a committee of twelve citizens, he would before that committee meet Mr. Freeman, and with those cards exhibit tricks of gamblers.

Some discussion ensued, and it was agreed that a committee should be appointed. Subsequently Mr. Green said he would exhibit before the audience; but that if Mr. Freeman shuffled the pack, he might of course disarrange his (Mr. Green's) play. But Mr. Green had contended that any gambler in his own play could cheat. And Mr. Green displayed several extraordinary tricks, in which he was remarkably successful, particularly in illustrating the facility with which two partners in gambling could win from their opponents with certainty.

At the conclusion of the meeting, upon Mr. Freeman submitting to the audience the question—"Have I sustained my position?"—it was decided in the negative. The question however, was not put until the audience had risen to depart—but the response was general.

From the Daily Sun.

We have been no inattentive observers of the debate on gambling, between Mr. Green, and his able and plausible antagonist, Mr. Freeman—who brought to the defence of a bad cause, an energy, an earnestness, and a power of illustration, which, on any other subject, must have crowned him with the laurels of a brilliant victory. But what power of logic—what force of elocution—- what stretch, of fancy, can defend gambling?—which, even if right in itself, is yet attended by such baneful consequences—such appalling effects—as to strike terror into the hearts of the most reckless, and seal the lips of eloquence by the blood of the unfortunate? This was illustrated in a most striking manner in the recent debate—where a long tissue of false logic, on the part of Mr. Freeman, was blown to the winds by the simple recital of a fact, by Mr. Green detailing the death of a ruined gambler by the hands of a prosperous one! Blood dispelled all the illusions of logic. Argument evaporated before the corpse of the victim. Applause for ingenious argument was hushed in a moment, when the dead body of the gambler appeared in view! What a tribute to the power of truth—what a tremendous triumph of nature, and her sacred laws, over the flimsy artifices of passion, fiction, and a diseased imagination, fevered by habitual vice.

Dr. Johnson says that the gambler is no better than a robber, because he acquires property without an equivalent. The whole gist of the argument lies here. You strip a man of fortune, or tear from his hands the earnings of a long life, and give him in return—nothing! Mr. Freeman says, in answer to this—yes, you give him the chance of robbing you! And he goes so far in his sophistry, as to contend that if a man attempts to rob you on the highway, you have a right to rob him! Such is the language of the gambler, on the rule of right, who wanting a principle of virtue, resorts to every extravagant theory, to justify his violations of the first law of nature.

Justice is the foundation of all human institutions: and this ordains, that no man shall take from another, what is his own, without paying him an equivalent. The gambler pays no equivalent—and hence, he stands on the same platform with the robber.

The strong point in the logic of Mr. Freeman was, that other professions also acquire property without paying an equivalent, and therefore gamblers were not criminal! We marvelled that a man of his sagacity should venture on so gross a sophism. He alluded to speculators and stock-jobbers, who gained their thousands without an exchange of values, and exulted that the gambler was no worse. But could this make the gambler an honest man, because other men were rogues? How desperate the cause that could clutch at so frail a straw for support! Yet Mr. Freeman appeared perfectly unconscious of the imbecility of his reasoning. More perfect hallucination we never beheld!

Every man feels, when he gains property without an equivalent, that he has done a wrong. Every dollar so acquired plants a fang in his heart. Conscience goads him. He is miserable, restless, tortured, and for temporary relief flies to the transient oblivion of the bowl. When he wins, he drinks—and when he loses, he drinks to desperation. He feels that when he wins, he is a rogue—and that when he loses, he is a victim—no matter whether gambler, speculator or stock-jobber—he has violated the rule of right, by acquiring property without an equivalent; and he feels the degradation of the robber, who cries "stand!" to the passenger on the highway, and extorts his purse, with the pistol at his breast.

Of the fascinating charms of gambling, history has left us too many records to make us insensible of the importance of the safe-guards which society ought to erect, to defend itself from the poison of so infectious a contamination. Who would believe, that the great Wilberforce was once a gambler! That even Pitt once stood on the brink of a gambler's hell. But Wilberforce was cured by winning L2000 at Holland-house—and such was the pain he felt for those who had lost their money, that it prevented all "his future triumphs in the infernal regions." But in those regions, flourished the greatest statesmen and wits of the age—who fell victims to the prevailing fascination of the gaming-table. What destroyed Charles James Fox, as a statesman? Gambling! What brought the brilliant Sheridan to the grave? Intoxication, brought on by the ill-starred luck of the ruined gamester? "Holland-house!" immortalized as the resort of genius, as well as for its orgies of dissipation, is not less renowned to infamy, as having been the "hell" of respectable gamesters.

There is a kind of democracy of crime, contended for by Mr. Freeman, that has its charms to the ears of the groundlings. He is opposed to a law that punishes one class of gamblers only, instead of bringing all, within the focus of its penalties! There is much truth in this. Laws ought to be equal in their operation—but if they cannot be equal, this is no reason why there ought to be no laws at all. This conclusion is not warranted by any rule in logic or in government.

No man has a right to dispose of his property to the corruption of the public morals. Mr. Freeman adduced the instance of a father having a right to disinherit one son and prefer the other. This is not a parallel case. The parallel would be a rich man leaving his fortune to found an Institution of demoralizing tendency—say to teach you the art of cheating! The laws would annul such a bequest. Society has an original, inherent right to defend itself from all evil—and that gaming is an evil, whether played with cards, lotteries, dice, stocks, or betting, not even Mr. Freeman could seriously deny.

In the late debate between these celebrated speculators,—one reformed, the other confirmed in his vicious career—it was observed, what a tower of strength truth gives to the man who espouses the just cause. Mr. Green stood self-vindicated by his very position—while the labour of Sisiphus devolved on Mr. Freeman. But the stone would not stay rolled up hill. It was no sooner at midway from the summit, but back it rolled upon its unfortunate and panting labourer.

The fostering power which intemperance derives from the excitements of the gaming-table, would itself prove an effectual argument against this monstrous infatuation, if no other existed. But when we find intoxication, only one of a legion of vices that attend on it—and that fraud, cheating, forgery, swindling, robbery, murder, and suicide, are its unfailing companions—we may well marvel that it should find any man so reckless of public opinion, as to venture its championship. Mr. Freeman went so far in this mad advocacy of his darling pursuit, as to justify suicide! In this, however, he was perfectly consistent—for if gaming of any kind is right, so is murder, robbery, and suicide. In this, Mr. Freeman over-reached himself—and by attempting too much, exposed the futility and weakness of his case.

One fact, of a highly useful import, was established by this debate—and having received the concurrent attestation of Mr. Freeman, must now be considered as no longer open to doubt—that cheating is a necessary part of gaming, from which even honourable gamblers—(what a revolting solecism!)—do not shrink! But this is not the worst of the admissions made, in the course of this debate—which we here enumerate:

1. The winner is always in danger of murder—and runs for his life.

2. The loser becomes a cheat, a murderer, a suicide, or a drunkard.

3. The tortures of the damned are common to all gamblers, winners and losers.

4. Deception and lying are their common attributes.

5. Outlawed by public opinion—they wage implacable war against the morals, peace, and happiness of society.

* * * * *

So many allusions have been made to the Laws of Ohio and Pennsylvania against gambling, that it is thought necessary to append them here, that the reader may judge for himself how far the charges of impolicy, partiality, and non-efficiency are justified by these instruments.

[Law of Pennsylvania for the Suppression of Gambling, drafted by J. H. GREEN.]

SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That if any person shall keep a room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, to be used or occupied for gambling, or shall, knowingly, permit the same to be used or occupied for gambling; or if any person, being the owner of any room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, shall rent the same to be used or occupied for gambling, the persons so offending shall, on conviction thereof, be fined in any sum not less than fifty nor more than five hundred dollars; and if the owner of any room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, shall know that any gaming-tables, apparatus, or establishment is kept or used in such room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, for gambling, and winning, betting, or gaining money, or other property, and shall not forthwith cause complaint to be made against the person so keeping or using such room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, he shall be taken, held, and considered to have knowingly permitted the same to be used and occupied for gambling.

SECT. 2. If any person shall keep or exhibit any gaming-table, establishment, device, or apparatus to win or gain money, or other property of value, or to aid, assist, or permit others to do the same; or if any person shall engage in gambling for a livelihood, or shall be without any fixed residence, and in the habit or practice of gambling, he shall be deemed and taken to be a common gambler, and upon conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned and kept at hard labour in the penitentiary not less than one, nor more than five years, and be fined five hundred dollars, to be paid into the treasury of the county where such conviction shall take place, for the use of common schools therein, to be divided among the accepting school districts in such county, in proportion to the number of taxable inhabitants in each district.

SECT. 3. If an affidavit shall be filed with the magistrate before whom complaint shall be made of an offence against any provision of this act, stating that the affiant has reason to believe, and does believe, that the person charged in such complaint has upon his person, or at any other place named in such affidavit, any specified articles of personal property, or any gaming-table, device, or apparatus, the discovery of which might lead to establish the truth of such charge, the said magistrate shall, by his warrant, command the officer, who is authorized to arrest the person so charged, to make diligent search for such property and table, device, or apparatus; and if found, to bring the same before such magistrate, and the officer so seizing shall deliver the same to the magistrate before whom he takes the same, who shall retain possession, and be responsible therefor until the discharge, or commitment, or letting to bail of the person charged; and in case of such commitment, or letting to bail of the person so charged, such officer shall retain such property, subject to the order of the court before which such offender may be required to appear, until his discharge or conviction. And in case of the conviction of such person, the gaming-table, device, or apparatus shall be destroyed, and the property shall be liable to pay any judgment which may be rendered against such person; and after the payment of such judgment and costs, the surplus, if any, shall be paid to the use of the common schools aforesaid, and in case of the discharge of such person by the magistrate, or court, the officer having such property in his custody shall, on demand, deliver it to such person.

SECT. 4. If any person called to testify on behalf of the state before any justice of the peace, grand-jury, or court, upon any complaint, information, or indictment, for any offence made punishable by this act, shall disclose any fact tending to criminate himself in any manner made punishable by this act, he shall thereafter be discharged of and from all liability to prosecution or punishment for such matter or offence.

SECT. 5. It shall be lawful for any justice of the peace, chief magistrate of any municipal incorporation, or judge of any court of Common Pleas, upon complaint upon an oath, that any gaming-table, establishment, apparatus, or device is kept by any person for the purpose of being used to win or gain money or other property, by the owner thereof, or any other person, to issue his warrant, commanding any sheriff, or constable, to whom the same shall be directed, within the proper jurisdiction, after demanding entrance to break open and enter any house or other place wherein such gaming establishment, apparatus, or device shall be kept, and to seize and safely keep the same, to be dealt with as hereinafter provided.

SECT. 6. Upon return of said warrant executed, the authority issuing the same shall proceed to examine and inquire touching the said complaint, and if satisfied that the same is true, he shall order the officer so seizing such gaming establishment, apparatus, or device, forthwith to destroy the same; which order the said officer shall proceed to execute in the presence of said authority, unless the person charged as keeper of said gaming establishment, apparatus, or device, shall, without delay, enter into a recognisance in the sum of six hundred dollars, with sufficient sureties, to be approved by said authority, for the appeal of said complaint to the Court of Common Pleas, next to be held in the proper county, conditioned that the defendant will appear at the next term of the court to which he appeals, and abide the order of said court, and for the payment of the full amount of the fine and all costs, in case he shall be found guilty of the offence charged, and judgment be rendered against him in said court.

SECT. 7. The officer taking such recognisance shall return the same to the clerk of the court to which said appeal is taken forthwith, and such clerk shall file the same in his office, and the complaint shall be prosecuted in such court, by indictment, as in other criminal cases; and upon conviction thereof, the appellant shall be fined not more than fifty dollars, and shall pay the costs of prosecution; and such gaming establishment, apparatus, or device shall be destroyed.

SECT. 8. If any person or persons shall, through invitation or device, persuade or prevail on any person or persons to visit any room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, kept for the use of gambling, he or they shall, upon conviction thereof, be held responsible for the money or properties lost by such invitation or device, and fined in a sum not less than fifty, and not more than five hundred dollars.

SECT. 9. It shall be the duty of all sheriffs, constables, and all prosecuting attorneys to inform and prosecute all offenders against this act, and upon refusal thereof, they shall pay a fine of not less than fifty, nor more than five hundred dollars.

SECT. 10. This act shall be given in charge to the Grand Jury, by the President Judge of the Court of Quarter Sessions in the respective counties.

SECT. 11. This act shall take effect on the first day of July next.

[Law of Ohio for the suppression of Gambling, drafted by J. H. GREEN.]

SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, That if any person shall keep a room, building, or arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, to be used or occupied for gambling, or shall, knowingly, permit the same to be used or occupied for gambling; or if any person, being the owner of such room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, shall rent the same to be used or occupied for gambling, the persons so offending shall, on conviction thereof, be fined in any sum not less than fifty dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars; and if any owner of any room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, shall know that any gambling-tables, apparatus, or establishment, is kept or used in such room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, for gambling, and winning, betting, or gaining money, or other property, and shall not forthwith cause complaint to be made against the person so keeping or using the room, building, arbour, booth, shed, or tenement, he shall be taken, held, and considered to have knowingly permitted the same to be used and occupied for gambling.

SECT. 2. If any person shall keep or exhibit any gaming-table, establishment, device, or apparatus to win or gain money, or other property of value, or to aid or assist, or permit others to do the same; or if any person shall engage in gambling for a livelihood, or shall be without any fixed residence, and in the habit or practice of gambling, he shall be deemed and taken to be a common gambler, and upon conviction thereof, shall be imprisoned and kept at hard labour in the penitentiary not less than one, nor more than five years, and be fined five hundred dollars, to be paid into the treasury of the county where such conviction shall take place, for the use of common schools therein.

SECT. 3. If an affidavit shall be filed with the magistrate before whom complaint shall be made of an offence against any provisions of this act, stating that the affiant has reason to believe, and does believe, that the person charged in such complaint has upon his person, or at any other place named in such affidavit, any money, or any specified articles of personal property, or any gaming-table, device, apparatus, the discovery of which might tend to establish the truth of such charge, the said magistrate shall, by his warrant, command the officer, who is authorized to arrest the person so charged, to make diligent search for such money or property, and table, device, or apparatus; and if found, to bring the same before such magistrate—and the officer seizing the same, shall retain possession thereof, subject to the order of the magistrate before whom he takes the same, until the discharge, or commitment, or letting to bail of the person charged; and in case of such commitment, or letting to bail of the person so charged, such officer shall retain such property, subject to the order of the court before which such offender may be required to appear, until his discharge or conviction. And in case of the conviction of such person, the gaming-table, device, or apparatus shall be destroyed, and the money and other property shall be liable to pay any judgment which may be rendered against such person; and in case of the discharge of such person by the magistrate, or court, the officer having such property in his custody, shall, on demand, deliver it to such person.

SECT. 4. If any person called to testify on behalf of the state before any justice of the peace, grand-jury, or court, upon any complaint, information, or indictment, for any offence made punishable by this act, shall disclose any fact tending to criminate himself in any matter made punishable by this act, he shall thereafter be discharged of and from all liability to prosecution or punishment for such matter of offence.

SECT. 5. It shall be lawful for any justice of the peace, chief magistrate of the municipal incorporation, or judge of any court of common pleas, upon complaint on oath, that any gaming-table, establishment, apparatus, or device is kept for the purpose of being used to win or gain money or other property, by the owner thereof, or any other person, to issue his warrant, commanding any sheriff, constable, or marshal of any municipal corporation to whom the same may be directed, within the proper jurisdiction, after demanding entrance, to break open and enter any house or other place where such gaming establishment, apparatus, or device shall be kept, and to seize and safely keep the same, to be dealt with as hereafter provided.

SECT. 6. Upon the return of said warrant executed, the authority issuing the same shall proceed to examine and inquire touching the said complaint, and if satisfied the same is true, he shall order the officer so seizing such gaming establishment, apparatus, or device, forthwith to destroy the same; which order the said officer shall proceed to execute in the presence of said authority, unless the person charged as keeper of said gaming establishment, apparatus, or device, shall, without delay, enter into a recognisance in the sum of two hundred dollars, with sufficient sureties, to be approved by said authority, for the appeal of said complaint to the Court of Common Pleas, next to be held in the proper county, conditioned that the defendant will appear at the next term of the court to which he appeals, and abide the order of such court, and for the payment of the full amount of the fine and all costs, in case he shall be found guilty of the offences charged, and judgment be rendered against him in said court.

SECT. 7. The officer taking such recognisance shall return the same to the clerk of the court to which said appeal is taken forthwith, and such clerk shall file the same in his office, and complaint shall be prosecuted in such court, by indictment, as in other criminal cases; and upon conviction, the appellant shall be fined not more than fifty dollars, and shall pay the costs of prosecution; and such gaming establishment, apparatus, or device shall be destroyed.

SECT. 8. It shall be the duty of all sheriffs, constables, marshals of incorporated cities, towns, and boroughs, and of all prosecuting attorneys, to inform and prosecute all offences against this act.

SECT. 9. This act shall be given in charge to the Grand Jury, by the President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in the respective counties.

SECT. 10. This act shall take effect on the first day of March next.

ELIAS F. DRAKE, Speaker of the House of Representatives.

SEABURY FORD, Speaker of the Senate.

Jan 17, 1846.

During the three evenings of the debate the Lecture-room of the Museum was crowded with a most respectable audience; and thousands must have read the reports given by the different Newspapers on the following mornings. Throughout the community there was considerable excitement, and we have no doubt that good has already resulted. The evils of gambling are now familiar to many who never previously thought upon the subject; and the excuses and defences urged for participating in the vice have been stripped of their fallacious guises. For this work we owe many thanks to the conductors of the public press who have come forth ably and willingly to our assistance.

But we trust that the immediate advantages from the discussion are not the only ones. It will be perceived from the reports given, that we met with no common opponent. Mr. Freeman is perhaps not excelled, if he has an equal, among gamblers, for talent, learning, and, what is more rare, candour and honesty of character. From a lecture which he has since delivered, we learn that he was on a professional visit to Philadelphia, where he had bought some implements for gambling and was about to return to the South, when his attention was arrested by a notice in a paper that Mr. Green was to give a lecture in the Museum on the following evening. For some years he had formed a resolution that if ever he had an opportunity of hearing him, he would embrace it, and he now concluded that he would stay another day for that purpose. He did so, attended his lecture, and from antipathy to himself and the course he was pursuing, was induced to send the challenge to the Sun newspaper which led to the debate in the preceding pages. It is not improbable that while thinking on the points he proposed to defend, his naturally acute mind perceived their fallacy, as there was a gradual shifting of his position from the subject of the original challenge, till on the last evening of the debate he ended with the astonishing announcement that on the Tuesday following he would deliver a lecture against gambling in the same place. Since then, he has delivered several lectures on the same subject, has taken the temperance pledge, been admitted into one of the divisions of the Sons of Temperance, and promises fair to be an efficient labourer in the cause of truth and virtue. Like Paul, he seems to have been arrested midway in his career, and by the power of conscience compelled to build up what he once exerted himself to destroy. May God prosper him in his labours, and give him grace to continue unto the end.

[Recommendation.]

Cincinnati, July, 1843.

We, the undersigned, believing that Mr. J. H. Green's proposed publication ["The ARTS AND MISERIES OF GAMBLING"] will be eminently useful in counteracting one of the most pernicious and demoralizing vices of the age, take great pleasure in recommending it to the patronage of the public.

Rev. CHARLES ELLIOTT, Editor of the Western Christian Advocate.

Rev. L.L. HAMLINE, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

D.K. ESTE, Judge of the Superior Court, Cin. Ham. Co.

Rev. JAMES P. KILBRETH.

SAMUEL WILLIAMS.

JOHN McLEAN, Judge of the United States Court.

Rev. W.H. RAPER.

THOMAS J. BIGGS, President of the Cincinnati College.

SAMUEL W. LYND, D.D. Pastor of the Ninth Street Baptist Church.

Hon. JACOB BURNET.

Rev. JOHN F. WRIGHT.

H.E. SPENCER, Mayor of Cincinnati.



LOTTERIES.

This is as deceptive, and as base a business, as was ever introduced into any country. The apparent respectability of it, and of the men who carry it on, is calculated to remove the scruples many might otherwise have to patronizing it. The facility with which it can be patronized, without the liability of exposure, and the promises of sudden gain so artfully held out, are inducements not easily resisted by a money-loving people, totally ignorant of the odds against them in the game they play.

All other games generally require the personal attention of the players who patronize them; but this is a game at which any one can play, and need never be seen, even by those against whom he may be playing. Thousands of persons, who stand high in the estimation of their neighbors for good conduct; men who would not, on any account, be found at a gambling-table, will patronize lotteries. The ease with which it can be done, without exposure, enables them to gratify, to the full extent of their means, their passion for this base species of swindling. In many of our large cities, numerous well-dressed young men are constantly engaged in vending tickets through the streets, or from house to house, and they can be bought as privately as the buyer may wish, or he may send his servant for them. Thus it is that a man may gamble as extensively as he pleases in lotteries, without his proceedings being at all likely to become public.

In my description of lotteries, I shall confine myself to the lottery scheme before us; because it will serve as an example of all others, and because the reader will be better able to comprehend explanations of this system than if I were to write of some scheme not here inserted.

By a reference to the tables of tickets, it will be seen that there are fifteen packages of whole tickets, as many of halves, and thirty packages of quarter tickets. Each package contains all the numbers, from one up to seventy-eight, without a repetition of any one of them. The tickets found in these tables are all that are intended for any one drawing; and every successive drawing is but another edition of the same tickets, all arranged in the same order, and with the same combination numbers; but they have a different class number on them. The proprietors of a lottery furnish the printer with a copy of these tables, arranged in a blank book, and this book is called the scheme-book, from which as many as may be ordered from time to time are printed.

The arranging of the class numbers is a matter of fancy, as to what they shall be; their only use being to determine to what particular drawing any particular ticket belongs, in order that a ticket which proves to be a blank may not, at some future drawing, be handed in for a premium, on account of containing some of the numbers then drawn.



THE DRAWING. There are several methods of conducting the drawing; but that which is most commonly used is as follows:—

There is a hollow wheel, as represented in the plate; then there are seventy-eight small tin tubes, scarcely half an inch in diameter, and about three inches in length; these are for holding the numbers, from one to seventy-eight; each number is on a separate piece of paper, which is rolled up and put into a tube; these tubes, when the numbers have been placed in them, are all put into the wheel, and a person is selected to draw out one at a time from the wheel, which is opened, and cried aloud, for the information of those present who may be interested. The number is registered, for the future guidance of the lottery-dealer, in determining what he shall pay those who may hold one or more of the numbers so drawn. After this, the wheel is again turned, so as to mix well the numbers contained in it, and a second is drawn; and the same proceedings are gone over with, until twelve numbers are drawn, and registered in the order in which they are drawn. Sometimes thirteen will be drawn, it being customary, on many occasions, to draw one number for every six contained in the wheel; but I cannot give this as a universal rule, because I have often found it deviated from. Sometimes little boys are selected to draw the numbers from the wheel—to give the impression that every possible step has been taken to render the management as fair as possible; but in this there is also much deception.

Swarms of domestic servants, day labourers, and the most poor and needy persons daily visit these worse than gambling shops, where they risk their little all, and get nothing in return but the delightful anticipation of being rich when the "drawing" takes place.

True it has been the case that prizes have been drawn, and trumpeted forth to the world, as inducements for others to buy. Having known how some of these prizes have sometimes been obtained, will it be too much to suppose that others are obtained in like manner? that is by the proprietors of lotteries being swindled through the unfaithfulness of their agents. A case came to my knowledge of a man who drew a capital prize; and the mode of operation, by which it was effected, was as follows: An agent, who was stationed in a town some distance from the principal establishment, made two confidants, who, doubtless, readily acted with him from hope of gain. One of these was the post-master of the town, and the other an acquaintance, a patron of the lottery. The duty of the agent was to transmit to the principal office all unsold tickets, by the first mail that left after the known hour of drawing. This mail also conveyed the lists of the drawing; but, in a regular manner of proceeding, they would not have been accessible to the agent before the departure of the stage with his unsold tickets. By making a confidant of the post-master, however, he received the lists as quick as possible after the mail arrived, and before it had been assorted. He then examined his unsold tickets, and if any considerable prize remained, he would take it from among the unsold tickets, and despatch the remainder to the principal office, and give the prize to his other confidant; each one giving out that the ticket had been sold to him; and accordingly the prize would be claimed and paid, although fraudulently obtained. In this particular case, the capital prize was drawn, and it appeared that the ticket-holder appropriated all the money to his own use, as he was known to buy much property shortly afterwards. It is believed also, by those who were acquainted with the incident, that he never divided with the rascally agent; and thus was the cheater cheated, who, in his wrath, let out some of the secrets of the manner in which the prize was obtained.

This same man has since met with reverses of fortune, and would now, I believe, find it difficult to raise money sufficient to purchase a ticket even of a low price.

Among the many cases of lottery swindling, every body has heard of the great Louisiana real estate lottery, in which the prizes were to have been the St. Charles Hotel, the Verandah, the St. Charles Theatre, the Bank, the Arcade, and other magnificent buildings in New Orleans. It is quite needless to say any thing of this, as the public has been pretty well enlightened in regard to it, through the public journals of the day.

The following is a copy of a handbill issued by the proprietors of the lottery immediately after a drawing, for the information of ticket-holders, and all others interested:—

DRAWING OF THE LOTTERY.

The following are the numbers which were this day drawn from the seventy-eight placed in the wheel, viz.:—

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 —————————————————— 20 51 61 24 74 77 46 36 69 29 26 3

and that the said tickets were drawn in the order in which they stand: that is to say, No. 20 was the first that was drawn; No. 51 was the 2d; No. 61 was the 3d; No. 24 was the 4th; No. 74 was the 5th; No. 77 was the 6th; No. 46 was the 7th; No. 36 was the 8th; No. 69 was the 9th; No. 29 was the 10th; No. 26 was the 11th; No. 3 was the 12th, and last.

Those tickets entitled to the 110 highest prizes were drawn in the following order:—

1 2 3 $30,000 7 8 9 $5,000 4 5 6 10,000 10 11 12 2,367 20

Those 6 tickets having on them the

2 3 4 3 4 5 5 6 7 6 7 8 8 9 10 9 10 11 > each 1,500

Those 100 tickets having on them the

1 2 4 1 4 7 1 7 9 2 3 11 2 6 10 1 2 5 1 4 8 1 7 10 2 3 12 2 6 11 1 2 6 1 4 9 1 7 11 2 4 5 2 6 12 1 2 7 1 4 10 1 7 12 2 4 6 2 7 8 1 2 8 1 4 11 1 8 9 2 4 7 2 7 9 1 2 9 1 4 12 1 8 10 2 4 8 2 7 10 1 2 10 1 5 6 1 8 11 2 4 9 2 7 11 1 2 11 1 5 7 1 8 12 2 4 10 2 7 12 1 2 12 1 5 8 1 9 10 2 4 11 2 8 9 1 3 4 1 5 9 1 9 11 2 4 12 2 8 10 1 3 5 1 5 10 1 9 12 2 5 6 2 8 11 > each 1,000 1 3 6 1 5 11 1 10 11 2 5 7 2 8 12 1 3 7 1 5 12 1 10 12 2 5 8 2 9 10 1 3 8 1 6 7 1 11 12 2 5 9 2 9 11 1 3 9 1 6 8 2 3 5 2 5 10 2 9 12 1 3 10 1 6 9 2 3 6 2 5 11 2 10 11 1 3 11 1 6 10 2 3 7 2 5 12 2 10 12 1 3 12 1 6 11 2 3 8 2 6 7 2 11 12 1 4 5 1 6 12 2 3 9 2 6 8 3 4 6 1 4 6 1 7 8 2 3 10 2 6 9 3 4 7 /

All others with three of the drawn numbers on, (being 110) each 300 Those 66 tickets having on them the 1st and 2d drawn numbers, each 100 Those 66 tickets having on them the 2d and 3d, each 80 Those 66 tickets having on them the 3d and 4th, each 50 Those 66 tickets having on them the 4th and 5th, each 40 Those 132 tickets having on them the 5th and 6th, or 6th and 7th, each 30 All others with two of the drawn numbers on, (being 3960,) each 20 And all tickets having one, only, of the drawn numbers on, each, (being 25,740,) 10

Now, let us spend a few moments in examining this bill, and we shall see how much truth there is in it. It says, that the ticket having on it the three first drawn numbers will be entitled to the capital prize of $30,000. Now, in the whole scheme before us, there is no such ticket. The combination, 20, 51, 61, is not to be found in this arrangement. Consequently, there was no ticket whose numbers entitled it to this prize. Next, the bill says, the ticket having the fourth, fifth, and sixth drawn numbers, which would have been 24, 74, 77, would be entitled to a prize of $10,000. There is no such ticket in the combination. Consequently this also is false. Now, it is evident that the dealers, in publishing this bill, mean to impress the public with the idea, that tickets, containing the necessary numbers to draw these prizes, are in the lottery, and that somebody must, of course, draw them; but it is all false, and a very little investigation will convince any one, that a greater system of deception can hardly exist. Bear in mind, that the bill says these prizes were drawn. The third prize was $5,000, and the ticket which contained the seventh, eighth, and ninth numbers was to draw this prize. These numbers are 36, 46, 69. There is no such combination in the scheme-book—no such ticket was printed or sold. Consequently, here is another falsehood. The same can be said of the fourth prize—the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth numbers—being 3, 26, 29. There is no such combination in the book, and no such prize could be drawn. Of the next six prizes, of $1,500 each, said to have been drawn, there was not a single ticket in the whole scheme which contained the necessary numbers to draw any one of these six prizes!

It is next asserted, that there were in the lottery one hundred tickets, having three drawn numbers, and entitled each to a prize of $1,000. This I have examined, and I find that, instead of being one hundred, there are but two—the first in magnitude being one from package number six, of half tickets, bearing the numbers 20, 36, 51,—these being the first, second, and eighth of the drawn numbers, and would entitle the holder to one half of the $1,000, subject to a deduction of fifteen per cent. The other is a quarter ticket, bearing the numbers 46, 51, 74—from the twenty-seventh package, of quarters—being the second, fifth, and seventh of the drawn numbers, and would entitle the holder of it to one quarter of the $1,000, after deducting the fifteen per cent. But it is well known that, frequently, scarce one half of the tickets of any one class, intended for a particular drawing, are ever disposed of, and are consequently returned to the manager's office, to be destroyed. Then, what guaranty have we that the numbers entitled to the above pitiful prizes were sold? They are as likely to be among the tickets returned unsold, as among those sold. Next, the bill states that there were one hundred and ten others, each having three drawn numbers, and were entitled to a prize of $300 each. By a close investigation, I find but one single ticket of this kind in the whole scheme. This is the ticket in the twelfth package of quarters, bearing the numbers 61, 69, 77; and if it had been sold, it would have entitled the holder to one fourth of the $300, deducting 15 per cent. Next, the bill says, those sixty-six tickets having the first and second drawn numbers, will each be entitled to a prize of $100. In searching for these in the scheme-book, I find but one that bears the first and second numbers; that is, in package fourteen. The ticket having the numbers 20, 51, 66, is the only one having the two first numbers; and if sold, the holder was entitled to one half of the $100, it being a half ticket. Now, the reader may perceive that I have examined and laid open, so that he too may examine, this masterpiece of villany. I find that of the two hundred and eighty-six highest prizes, which, their own handbill states, existed in their lottery, and which, by their own figures, amounted to the enormous sum of $195,967, and, in order to be drawn, only required that the tickets should be bought,—I find, allowing every ticket to have been sold, and afterwards every holder presented his ticket for the sum to which it might be entitled, that of the two hundred and eighty-six said to be in the scheme, there are but five, and these very inconsiderable; and that the greatest amount of these five prizes, without deducting the fifteen per cent, is only $875, instead of the enormous sum of $195,967. Can it be possible that any person will be found to patronize lotteries, after considering these facts?

I pass over those small prizes named after the first sixty-six having the first and second drawn numbers on them, and will prove the balance to be falsehoods, as the greater portion of the first part of the bill is.

In the first place, let us see how many prizes are represented to exist, not to say any thing of the blanks. In counting up the prizes named on this bill, we find them to be 30,316; and I do not think they would pretend to say that more than one half of their tickets were prizes. Then we will say that they had an equal number of blanks. This would carry their scheme up to over sixty thousand tickets; and even if they were all prizes, and no blanks, (which they do not pretend,) who cannot see the extreme improbability of their disposing of 30,316 tickets in one week? for it must be remembered that these were all of one class, and for one particular week's drawing. But the last witness, whose overwhelming testimony will settle the question, is their own scheme-book, of which an accurate copy is here given, and which shows the number of tickets, for any one drawing, to be but 1,560, the half of which, by great exertion, they might succeed in selling; each successive drawing being another edition of these same combinations, with a different class number on them. Now, let me ask, where are their 30,316 prizes to come from? What a scheme of deception do we here behold! and one, too, that has been so long submitted to and patronized by the public of this and other countries.

Another method of still further swindling the buyers of tickets, is much practised in some parts of the country. The agents who sell the tickets are authorized to insure them. When a man buys one, the price, perhaps, might be ten dollars. The seller, if he has been authorized, will say, "Now, sir, for ten dollars, I will insure your ticket to draw a prize." This is enough for the buyer to have his ticket insured to draw a prize, and possibly the capital prize: he pays an additional fee, and the agent forwards the numbers of all the tickets, so insured, to the office where the drawing is to be held; and there they manage to have these tickets contain one (seldom more) of the drawn numbers. This entitles the buyer to receive back the price of his ticket, after taking out 15 per cent.; and as it was not a total blank, the insurer is safe, and retains the sum paid for insurance. The buyer remains swindled out of the insurance, and 15 per cent, of the cost. These swindling shops are numerous, and are sometimes called policy offices.

We sincerely hope that our readers will examine with some attention the developments we have made in relation to the deceptive schemes of the lottery managers; for we feel that they cannot fail to convince every man of common sense, who has a particle of moral principle and moral honesty left, that he who encourages this basest of all swindling, by purchasing tickets, is not alone an enemy to himself and family, but he countenances a species of gambling that is extensively mischievous and ruinous, and has for its victims many of our best citizens, young and old; while, at the same time, he unintentionally throws a veil over the villanous deeds of the lottery gambler and his unprincipled, as well as his inexperienced supporters. We once more invite our readers to examine our statements with attention.

The following tables represent, completely, the entire contents of a lottery dealer's scheme-book, made for the guidance of the printer, in printing tickets. At the close of the tables is represented a ticket, with its class and combination numbers.

- - -+ #1# #2# #3# #4# #5# #6# + - - - 1 2 3 4 5 6 - - -+ 1 27 53 1 28 55 1 29 54 1 30 56 1 31 57 1 32 58 2 28 54 2 29 56 2 30 55 2 31 57 2 32 58 2 33 59 3 29 55 3 30 57 3 31 56 3 32 58 3 33 59 3 34 60 4 30 56 4 31 58 4 32 57 4 33 59 4 34 60 4 35 78 5 31 57 5 32 59 5 33 58 5 34 60 5 35 61 5 36 77 6 32 58 6 33 60 6 34 59 6 35 61 6 36 62 6 42 71 7 33 59 7 34 61 7 35 60 7 36 62 7 37 63 7 43 70 8 34 60 8 35 62 8 36 61 8 37 63 8 38 64 8 44 69 9 35 61 9 36 63 9 37 62 9 38 64 9 39 65 9 45 68 10 36 62 10 37 64 10 38 63 10 39 65 10 40 66 10 46 67 11 37 63 11 38 65 11 39 64 11 40 66 11 41 67 11 37 76 12 38 64 12 39 66 12 40 65 12 41 67 12 42 68 12 38 75 13 39 65 13 40 67 13 41 66 13 42 68 13 43 69 13 39 74 14 40 66 14 41 68 14 42 67 14 43 69 14 44 70 14 40 73 15 41 67 15 42 69 15 43 68 15 44 70 15 45 71 15 41 72 16 42 68 16 43 70 16 44 69 16 45 71 16 46 72 16 27 57 17 43 69 17 44 71 17 45 70 17 46 72 17 47 73 17 28 56 18 44 70 18 45 72 18 46 71 18 47 73 18 48 74 18 29 55 19 45 71 19 46 73 19 47 72 19 48 74 19 49 75 19 30 54 20 46 72 20 47 74 20 48 73 20 49 75 20 50 76 20 31 53 21 47 73 21 48 75 21 49 74 21 50 76 21 51 77 21 47 65 22 48 74 22 49 76 22 50 75 22 51 77 22 52 78 22 48 66 23 49 75 23 50 77 23 51 76 23 52 78 23 30 53 23 49 64 24 50 76 24 51 78 24 52 77 24 27 53 24 29 54 24 50 63 25 51 77 25 52 53 25 27 78 25 28 54 25 28 55 25 51 62 26 52 78 26 27 54 26 28 53 26 29 55 26 27 56 26 52 61 + - - -

The above lottery schemes were accurately copied from the scheme-book of a lottery dealer in Vicksburg, Mississippi, and may be considered a fair specimen of lottery combinations generally. The tables are for a 78 numbered lottery, every three perpendicular lines of figures containing a package, and each package all the numbers, from 1 to 78, inclusive; and there are also 26 tickets in each package.

- - -+ #7# #8# #9# #10# #96# #97# + - - - 7 8 9 10 11 12 - - -+ 1 34 59 1 60 78 1 61 64 1 35 36 1 38 39 1 41 43 2 36 60 2 61 77 2 62 65 2 37 38 2 40 49 2 42 45 3 35 61 3 62 76 3 63 66 3 39 40 3 41 50 3 44 47 4 37 62 4 63 75 4 29 78 4 41 42 4 42 51 4 46 49 5 38 63 5 64 74 5 28 77 5 43 44 5 43 52 5 48 51 6 49 74 6 65 73 6 27 76 6 45 46 6 44 53 6 50 53 7 50 75 7 66 72 7 30 50 7 47 48 7 45 54 7 52 55 8 51 76 8 67 71 8 31 51 8 49 50 8 46 55 8 54 57 9 52 77 9 68 70 9 32 52 9 51 52 9 47 56 9 56 59 10 27 78 10 53 69 10 33 53 10 53 54 10 48 57 10 58 61 11 28 53 11 27 52 11 34 54 11 55 56 11 58 67 11 60 63 12 29 54 12 28 51 12 35 55 12 57 58 12 59 68 12 62 65 13 30 55 13 29 50 13 36 56 13 59 60 13 60 69 13 64 67 14 31 56 14 30 49 14 37 57 14 61 62 14 61 70 14 66 69 15 32 57 15 31 48 15 38 58 15 63 64 15 62 71 15 68 71 16 33 58 16 32 47 16 39 59 16 65 66 16 63 72 16 70 73 17 48 73 17 33 46 17 40 60 17 67 68 17 64 73 17 72 75 18 47 72 18 34 45 18 41 67 18 69 70 18 65 74 18 74 77 19 46 71 19 35 44 19 42 68 19 71 72 19 66 75 19 76 78 20 45 70 20 36 43 20 43 69 20 73 74 20 27 76 20 35 40 21 44 69 21 37 59 21 44 70 21 75 76 21 28 77 21 34 39 22 43 68 22 38 58 22 45 71 22 77 78 22 29 78 22 33 38 23 42 67 23 39 57 23 46 72 23 27 28 23 30 34 23 32 37 24 41 66 24 40 56 24 47 73 24 29 30 24 31 35 24 31 36 25 40 65 25 41 55 25 48 74 25 31 32 25 32 36 25 27 29 26 39 64 26 42 54 26 49 75 26 33 34 26 33 37 26 28 30 + - - -

At the beginning of the first package you will see the numbers 1, 27, 53; they are placed on one ticket; and so with each succeeding three numbers through the whole scheme.

- - -+ #98# #99# #100# #101# #101# + - - - 13 14 15 00 1 1 - - -+ 1 45 44 1 62 70 1 27 78 1 2 53 1 2 60 2 46 47 2 63 71 2 28 77 3 4 54 3 6 61 3 48 49 3 64 72 3 29 76 5 29 55 4 7 62 4 50 51 4 65 73 4 30 75 6 30 56 5 52 63 5 52 53 5 66 74 5 31 74 7 31 57 8 51 64 6 54 55 6 52 75 6 32 73 8 32 58 9 50 65 7 56 57 7 53 76 7 33 72 9 33 59 10 49 66 8 58 59 8 54 77 8 34 71 10 34 60 11 48 67 9 60 61 9 55 78 9 35 70 11 35 61 12 47 68 10 62 63 10 56 67 10 36 69 Here ends 12 36 62 13 46 69 11 64 65 11 57 68 11 37 68 Fifteen 13 37 63 14 45 70 12 66 67 12 58 69 12 38 67 Packages 14 38 64 15 44 71 13 68 69 13 59 61 13 39 66 of Whole 15 39 65 16 43 72 14 70 71 14 51 60 14 40 65 Tickets 16 40 66 17 42 73 15 72 73 15 27 39 15 41 64 17 41 67 18 41 74 16 74 75 16 28 40 16 42 63 18 42 68 19 40 75 17 76 77 17 29 41 17 43 62 19 43 69 20 39 76 18 43 78 18 30 42 18 44 61 20 44 70 21 38 77 19 27 42 19 31 43 19 45 60 21 45 71 22 37 78 20 28 41 20 32 44 20 46 59 22 46 72 23 36 53 21 29 40 21 33 45 21 47 58 23 47 73 24 35 54 22 30 39 22 34 46 22 48 57 24 48 74 25 34 55 23 31 38 23 35 47 23 49 56 25 49 75 26 33 56 24 32 37 24 36 48 24 50 55 26 50 76 27 32 57 25 33 36 25 37 49 25 51 54 27 51 77 28 31 58 26 34 35 26 38 50 26 52 53 28 52 78 29 30 59 + - - -

There are, in these schemes, 15 packages of whole tickets, each containing 26, which make an aggregate of 390, and the same number of halves, which, if added to the former, will make 780; also, 30 packages of quarters, making, in all, 1560. These comprise the whole of the combinations here given, and are intended for one particular drawing, constituting one class. For each successive drawing, another edition of the same combinations are offered for sale, only with different class numbers.

- - -+ #103# #104# #105# #106# #107# #108# + - - - 3 4 5 6 7 8 - - -+ 1 3 61 1 3 65 1 4 66 1 4 67 1 5 68 1 5 69 2 4 62 2 41 66 2 42 67 2 5 68 2 6 69 2 6 70 5 6 63 4 42 67 3 43 68 3 45 69 3 7 70 3 7 71 7 8 64 5 43 68 5 44 69 6 46 70 4 45 71 4 8 72 9 31 65 6 44 69 6 45 70 7 47 71 8 46 72 9 48 75 10 32 66 7 45 70 7 46 71 8 48 72 9 47 73 10 49 76 11 33 67 8 40 71 8 47 72 9 49 73 10 48 74 11 50 73 12 34 68 9 39 72 9 48 73 10 50 74 11 49 75 12 51 74 13 35 69 10 38 73 10 49 74 11 51 75 12 50 76 13 52 78 14 36 71 11 37 74 11 50 75 12 52 76 13 51 77 14 31 77 15 37 70 12 36 75 12 51 76 13 29 77 14 52 78 15 32 68 16 38 72 13 35 76 13 52 77 14 30 78 15 30 67 16 33 67 17 39 73 14 34 77 14 41 78 15 31 66 16 31 66 17 34 66 18 40 74 15 33 78 15 40 65 16 32 65 17 32 65 18 35 65 19 41 75 16 32 53 16 28 64 17 33 64 18 33 64 19 36 64 20 42 76 17 31 54 17 29 63 18 34 63 19 34 63 20 37 63 21 43 77 18 30 55 18 30 62 19 35 62 20 35 62 21 38 62 22 44 78 19 29 56 19 31 61 20 36 61 21 36 61 22 39 61 23 45 53 20 28 57 20 32 60 21 37 60 22 37 60 23 40 60 24 46 54 21 52 58 21 33 59 22 38 59 23 38 59 24 41 59 25 47 55 22 51 59 22 34 58 23 39 58 24 39 58 25 42 58 26 48 56 23 50 60 23 35 57 24 40 57 25 40 57 26 43 57 27 49 57 24 49 61 24 36 56 25 41 56 26 41 56 27 44 56 28 50 58 25 48 62 25 37 55 26 42 55 27 42 55 28 45 55 29 51 59 26 47 63 26 38 54 27 43 54 28 43 54 29 46 54 30 52 60 27 46 64 27 39 53 28 44 53 29 44 53 30 47 53 + - - -

The venders of lottery tickets possess an immense advantage over the buyer, which is mostly in the extreme improbability of a prize of any considerable amount being drawn. The numbers 1 to 78 are capable of making 76076 combinations on what I may term the increasing ratio—that is, the second larger than the first, and the third larger than the second, in arithmetical progression; as, 5, 10, 15, &c.

- - -+ #109# #110# #196# #197# #198# #199# + - - - 9 10 11 12 13 14 - - -+ 1 6 70 1 6 71 1 7 72 1 7 73 1 8 74 1 8 75 2 7 71 2 7 72 2 8 73 2 8 74 2 9 75 2 9 76 3 8 72 3 8 73 3 9 74 3 9 75 3 10 76 3 10 77 4 9 73 4 9 74 4 10 75 4 10 76 4 11 77 4 11 78 5 10 74 5 10 75 5 11 76 5 11 77 5 12 78 5 12 74 11 32 75 11 33 76 6 12 77 6 12 78 6 13 73 6 13 72 12 33 76 12 34 77 13 33 78 13 52 72 7 14 72 7 14 73 13 34 77 13 35 78 14 34 53 14 51 71 15 45 70 15 46 71 14 35 78 14 36 70 15 35 54 15 50 70 16 46 71 16 47 70 15 36 69 15 37 69 16 36 55 16 49 69 17 47 69 17 48 69 16 37 68 16 38 68 17 37 56 17 48 68 18 48 68 18 49 68 17 38 67 17 39 67 18 38 57 18 47 67 19 49 67 19 50 67 18 39 66 18 40 66 19 39 58 19 46 66 20 50 66 20 51 66 19 40 65 19 41 65 20 40 59 20 45 65 21 51 65 21 52 65 20 41 64 20 42 64 21 41 60 21 44 64 22 52 64 22 45 64 21 42 62 21 43 63 22 42 61 22 43 61 23 44 63 23 44 61 22 43 63 22 44 62 23 43 62 23 42 62 24 43 62 24 43 60 23 44 60 23 45 61 24 44 63 24 41 63 25 42 61 25 42 63 24 45 61 24 46 60 25 45 64 25 40 60 26 41 60 26 41 62 25 46 59 25 47 59 26 46 65 26 39 59 27 40 59 27 40 58 26 47 58 26 48 58 27 47 66 27 38 58 28 39 58 28 39 59 27 48 57 27 49 56 28 48 67 28 37 57 29 38 57 29 38 56 28 49 56 28 50 57 29 49 68 29 36 56 30 37 56 30 37 57 29 50 55 29 51 55 30 50 69 30 35 55 31 36 55 31 36 54 30 51 54 30 52 54 31 51 70 31 34 54 32 35 53 32 35 55 31 52 53 31 32 53 32 52 71 32 33 53 33 34 54 33 34 53 + - - -

In the following combinations there are but 1560, where there might be 76076; and if this latter number were printed and sold, some one must hold the three first drawn numbers, every ticket-holder having one chance out of 76076 of drawing the capital prize. But, in this combination, if a man were to purchase the whole of the tickets, being 1560, there would still be 49 chances against his holding the three first numbers, to one for it. As there are no two tickets holding the same three numbers, of course but one can hold the three first, which is the prize.

- - -+ #200# #206# #201# #202# #203# #204# + - - - 15 00 1 2 3 4 - - -+ 1 9 76 1 9 77 1 10 77 1 10 78 1 11 21 2 10 77 2 10 78 2 11 78 2 11 77 2 12 22 3 11 78 3 11 76 3 12 53 3 12 76 3 13 23 4 12 75 4 12 74 4 13 54 4 13 75 4 14 24 5 13 74 5 13 75 5 14 55 5 14 74 5 15 25 6 14 73 Here ends 6 14 72 6 15 56 6 15 72 6 16 26 7 15 72 Fifteen 7 15 73 7 16 57 7 16 71 7 17 27 8 16 71 Packages 8 16 70 8 17 58 8 17 70 8 18 28 17 52 70 of Half 17 51 71 9 18 59 9 18 69 9 19 29 18 51 69 Tickets. 18 50 69 19 52 60 19 36 68 10 20 30 19 50 68 The 19 49 68 20 40 72 20 37 67 31 41 51 20 49 67 following 20 48 67 21 50 62 21 38 66 32 42 52 21 48 66 Packages 21 47 66 22 49 63 22 39 65 33 43 53 22 47 65 are 22 46 65 23 48 64 23 40 64 34 44 54 23 46 64 Quarters. 23 45 64 24 47 65 24 41 62 35 45 55 24 45 63 24 44 61 25 46 66 25 45 63 36 46 56 25 44 62 25 43 62 26 45 67 26 43 60 37 47 57 26 43 61 26 42 63 27 44 68 27 44 61 38 48 58 27 42 60 27 41 60 28 43 69 28 42 59 39 49 59 28 41 59 28 40 59 29 42 70 29 46 58 40 50 60 29 40 58 29 39 58 30 41 71 30 47 57 61 67 73 30 39 57 30 38 57 31 51 61 31 48 56 62 68 74 31 38 56 31 37 56 32 39 73 32 49 55 63 69 75 32 37 55 32 36 55 33 38 74 33 50 54 64 70 76 33 36 54 33 35 53 34 37 75 34 51 53 65 71 77 34 35 53 34 52 54 35 36 76 35 52 73 66 72 78 + - - -

By a little investigation, any one may discover that his chance for drawing a prize, even of a trifling amount, is extremely small. By the following method any one may ascertain the number of combinations which any given number will produce, as in the present case, 78 x 77 x 76 = 456456 / 6 = 76076, the number of combinations of three numbers each; the 78 multiplied by 77, and the product by 76, and that product divided by 6 gives the number of combinations of three numbers each, which the numbers from 1 to 78 will produce, no two combinations containing the same three numbers.

- - -+ #205# #206# #207# #208# #209# #210# + - - - 5 6 7 8 9 10 - - -+ 1 12 23 1 13 25 1 14 27 1 15 29 1 16 31 1 17 33 2 13 24 2 14 26 2 15 28 2 16 39 2 17 32 2 18 34 3 14 25 3 15 27 3 16 29 3 17 31 3 18 33 3 19 35 4 15 26 4 16 28 4 17 30 4 18 32 4 19 34 4 20 36 5 16 27 5 17 29 5 18 31 5 19 33 5 20 35 5 21 37 6 17 28 6 18 30 6 19 32 6 20 34 6 21 36 6 22 38 7 18 29 7 19 31 7 20 34 7 21 35 7 22 37 7 23 39 8 19 30 8 20 32 8 21 33 8 22 36 8 23 38 8 24 40 9 20 31 9 21 33 9 22 35 9 23 37 9 24 39 9 25 41 10 21 32 10 22 34 10 23 36 10 24 38 10 25 40 10 26 42 11 22 33 11 23 35 11 24 37 11 25 39 11 26 41 11 27 43 34 45 56 12 24 36 12 25 38 12 26 40 12 27 42 12 28 44 35 46 57 37 49 61 13 26 39 13 27 41 13 28 43 13 29 45 36 47 58 38 50 62 40 53 66 14 28 42 14 29 44 14 30 46 37 48 59 39 51 63 41 54 67 43 55 67 15 30 45 15 31 47 38 49 60 40 52 64 42 55 68 44 56 68 46 57 68 16 32 48 39 50 61 41 53 65 43 56 69 45 57 69 47 58 69 49 59 69 40 51 62 42 54 66 44 57 70 46 58 70 48 59 70 50 60 70 41 52 63 43 55 67 45 58 71 47 59 71 49 60 71 51 61 71 42 53 64 44 56 68 46 59 72 48 60 72 50 61 72 52 62 72 43 54 65 44 55 66 45 47 73 49 61 73 51 62 73 53 63 73 44 55 66 46 58 70 48 61 74 50 62 74 52 63 74 54 64 74 67 71 76 47 59 72 49 62 75 51 63 75 53 64 75 55 65 75 68 72 75 48 60 71 50 63 76 52 64 76 54 65 76 56 66 76 69 73 78 73 75 77 51 64 77 53 65 77 55 66 77 57 67 77 70 74 77 74 76 78 52 65 78 54 66 78 66 67 78 58 68 78 + - - -

- - -+ #296# #297# #298# #299# #300# #301# + - - - 11 12 13 14 15 22 - - -+ 1 18 35 1 19 37 1 20 39 1 21 41 1 22 43 1 23 45 2 19 36 2 20 38 2 21 40 2 22 42 2 23 44 2 24 46 3 20 37 3 21 39 3 22 41 3 23 43 3 24 45 3 25 47 4 21 38 4 22 40 4 23 42 4 24 44 4 25 46 4 26 48 5 22 39 5 23 41 5 24 43 5 25 45 5 26 47 5 27 49 6 23 40 6 24 42 6 25 44 6 26 46 6 27 48 6 28 50 7 24 41 7 25 43 7 26 45 7 27 47 7 28 49 7 29 51 8 25 42 8 26 44 8 27 46 8 28 48 8 29 50 8 30 52 9 26 43 9 27 45 9 28 47 9 29 49 9 30 51 9 31 53 10 27 44 10 28 46 10 29 48 10 30 50 10 31 52 10 32 54 11 28 45 11 29 47 11 30 49 11 31 51 11 32 53 11 33 55 12 29 46 12 30 48 12 31 50 12 32 52 12 33 54 12 34 56 13 30 47 13 31 49 13 32 51 13 33 53 13 34 55 13 35 57 14 31 48 14 32 50 14 33 52 14 34 54 14 35 56 14 36 58 15 32 49 15 33 51 15 34 53 15 35 55 15 36 57 15 37 59 16 33 50 16 34 52 16 35 54 16 36 56 16 37 58 16 38 60 17 34 51 17 35 53 17 36 55 17 37 57 17 38 59 17 39 61 52 61 70 18 36 54 18 37 56 18 38 58 18 39 60 18 40 62 53 62 71 55 63 71 19 38 57 19 39 59 19 40 61 19 41 63 54 63 72 56 64 72 58 65 72 20 40 60 20 41 62 20 42 64 55 64 73 57 65 73 59 66 73 61 67 74 21 42 63 21 43 66 56 65 74 58 66 74 60 67 74 62 68 73 64 69 74 22 44 65 57 66 75 59 67 75 61 68 75 63 69 76 65 70 75 67 71 75 58 67 76 60 68 76 62 69 76 64 70 75 66 71 76 68 72 76 59 68 77 61 69 77 63 70 77 65 71 78 67 72 77 69 73 77 60 69 78 62 70 78 64 71 78 66 72 77 68 73 78 70 74 78 + - - -

Lottery-dealers are aware of the great odds against the buyers, and are very cautious in keeping all the secrets of a fraud to themselves, by which they are robbing the public continually. But it shall not be the fault of the writer of these pages if their swindling machinations are longer concealed from the community. Thousands upon thousands of dollars are expended annually in lottery tickets in this country; and how very seldom is it that you hear of a capital prize having been drawn! If there should chance to be a prize of any magnitude awarded to a ticket-holder, it is trumpeted from one end of the Union to the other, by those most interested in lottery speculations, stimulating others to try their luck, and by that means making their very losses minister to their gain; for, in all likelihood, months and years may elapse before another large prize will be drawn from the same lottery.

- - -+ #302# #303# #304# #305# #306# #307# + - - - 17 18 19 20 21 22 - - -+ 1 24 47 1 25 49 1 26 51 1 12 24 1 13 27 1 14 39 2 25 48 2 26 50 2 27 52 2 13 25 2 14 28 2 15 38 3 26 49 3 27 51 3 28 53 3 14 26 3 15 29 3 16 37 4 27 50 4 28 52 4 29 54 4 15 27 4 16 30 4 17 36 5 28 51 5 29 53 5 30 55 5 16 28 5 17 31 5 18 35 6 29 52 6 30 54 6 31 56 6 17 29 6 18 32 6 19 34 7 30 53 7 31 55 7 32 57 7 18 30 7 19 33 7 20 33 8 31 54 8 32 56 8 33 58 8 19 31 8 20 34 8 21 32 9 32 55 9 33 57 9 34 59 9 20 32 9 21 35 9 22 31 10 33 56 10 34 58 10 35 60 10 21 33 10 22 36 10 23 30 11 34 57 11 35 59 11 36 61 11 22 34 11 23 26 11 24 29 12 35 58 12 36 60 12 37 62 23 49 66 12 24 25 12 25 28 13 36 59 13 37 61 13 38 63 35 50 65 37 51 65 13 26 27 14 37 60 14 38 62 14 39 64 36 51 64 38 52 66 40 53 78 15 38 61 15 39 63 15 40 66 37 52 67 39 53 67 41 54 77 16 39 62 16 40 64 16 41 65 38 53 69 40 54 68 42 55 76 17 40 63 17 41 65 17 42 67 39 54 68 41 55 69 43 56 75 18 41 64 18 42 66 18 43 68 40 55 70 42 56 70 44 57 74 19 42 65 19 43 67 19 44 69 41 56 71 43 57 71 45 58 73 20 43 66 20 44 68 20 45 71 42 57 72 44 58 72 46 59 71 21 44 67 21 45 69 21 46 70 43 58 73 45 59 73 47 60 72 22 45 68 22 46 70 22 47 72 44 59 74 46 60 74 48 61 70 23 46 69 23 47 71 23 48 73 45 60 75 47 61 75 49 62 69 70 73 76 24 48 72 24 49 74 46 61 76 48 62 76 50 63 68 71 74 77 73 76 77 25 50 75 47 62 77 49 63 77 51 64 67 72 75 78 74 75 78 76 77 78 48 63 78 50 64 78 52 65 66 + - - -

It will be seen by the lottery combinations we present, how infinitely disproportionate are the chances in this species of gambling—how vastly the odds bear against the purchaser of tickets, and what mischievous results must of necessity spring from a vile system of frauds, perpetrated, as it is, by the sanction of law, and the tolerance of custom.

- - - -+ #308# #309# #310# #396# #397# #398# + - - - - 23 24 25 26 27 28 - - - -+ 1 18 53 1 19 53 1 20 53 1 21 53 1 22 45 1 23 46 2 19 54 2 20 54 2 21 54 2 22 54 2 23 43 2 24 45 3 20 55 3 21 55 3 22 55 3 23 55 3 24 44 3 25 55 4 21 56 4 22 56 4 23 56 4 24 56 4 25 56 4 26 56 5 22 57 5 23 57 5 24 57 5 25 57 5 26 57 5 27 57 6 23 58 6 24 58 6 25 58 6 26 58 6 27 58 6 28 58 7 24 59 7 25 59 7 26 59 7 27 59 7 28 59 7 29 59 8 25 60 8 26 60 8 27 60 8 28 60 8 29 60 8 30 78 9 26 61 9 27 61 9 28 61 9 29 61 9 30 61 9 31 77 10 27 62 10 28 62 10 29 62 10 30 62 10 31 62 10 32 76 11 28 63 11 29 63 11 30 63 11 31 63 11 32 63 11 33 75 12 29 64 12 30 64 12 31 64 12 32 64 12 33 64 12 34 74 13 30 65 13 31 65 13 32 65 13 33 65 13 34 65 13 35 73 14 31 66 14 32 66 14 33 66 14 34 66 14 35 66 14 36 72 15 32 67 15 33 67 15 34 67 15 35 67 15 36 67 15 37 71 16 33 68 16 34 68 16 35 68 16 36 68 16 38 71 16 38 70 17 34 69 17 35 69 17 36 69 17 37 69 17 37 70 17 39 69 35 44 70 18 36 70 18 37 70 18 38 70 18 39 69 18 40 68 36 45 71 37 45 71 19 38 71 19 39 71 19 40 68 19 41 67 37 46 72 38 46 72 39 46 72 20 40 72 20 41 72 20 42 66 38 47 73 39 47 73 40 47 73 41 47 73 21 42 73 21 43 65 39 48 74 40 48 74 41 48 74 42 48 74 46 51 74 22 44 64 40 49 75 41 49 75 42 49 75 43 49 75 47 52 75 47 51 63 41 50 76 42 50 76 43 50 76 44 50 76 48 53 76 48 52 62 42 51 77 43 51 77 44 51 77 45 51 77 49 54 77 49 53 61 43 52 78 44 52 78 45 52 78 46 52 78 50 55 78 50 54 60 + - - - -

All the combinations used in this lottery have been given, as also the number that might be made; and, of course, the less the dealer in lotteries makes, the greater the chance in his favor, and the less in favor of the buyer. The figures heading the classes of combinations, on each page, are class-numbers, and those below the first figures, and immediately above the columns, are placed there to indicate the number of packages.

- + #399# #400# + - 29 30 - + 1 24 53 1 25 53 2 25 54 2 26 54 3 26 55 3 27 55 4 27 56 4 28 56 5 28 57 5 29 57 6 29 58 6 30 58 Here ends 7 30 59 7 31 59 the Thirty 8 31 60 8 32 60 Packages 9 32 61 9 33 61 of Quarters. 10 33 62 10 34 62 11 34 63 11 35 63 12 35 64 12 36 64 13 36 65 13 37 65 14 37 66 14 38 66 15 38 67 15 39 67 16 39 68 16 40 68 17 40 69 17 41 69 18 41 70 18 42 70 19 42 71 19 43 71 20 43 72 20 44 72 21 44 73 21 45 73 22 45 74 22 46 74 23 46 75 23 47 75 47 50 76 24 48 76 48 51 77 49 51 77 49 52 78 50 52 78 + -



The above are specimens of patterns of playing cards, that the reader may rely upon the gambler's knowing by their back as well as the generality of amusement players know by their face. The same may be said of all the patterns spoken of and presented to the view of the reader on another page of this work.

[Illustration: Literature Lottery BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF KENTUCKY Class No. 205 Com Nos 10 48 75

This Ticket will entitle the holder to one QUARTER of such Prize as may be drawn to its Numbers, if demanded within twelve months after the Drawing. Subject to a deduction of Fifteen per cent: Payable forty days after the Drawing.

For A. BASSFORD & CO., Managers. Covington, 1841. QUARTER.

[This plate represents a lottery ticket with the numbers placed upon it. The numbers seen upon its face are of the same order as those found upon every ticket when sold, and are used to designate one ticket from another, and by comparing them with the numbers at the head of any of those packages of combinations, on another page, you will see the manner in which they are arranged, and the great advantage in favor of the managers.]]

FALLACY OF LOTTERIES AS A MEANS OF REVENUE.

We are indebted for the following exposition to our moral friend, Capt. John Maginn, of New York city.

"Although they may produce, by the various deceptive allurements which they hold forth, a temporary influx into the treasury of the state, yet the prostration of industry, the formation of idle habits, intemperance and various other vices, have invariably been the consequences wherever they have been introduced. No farther evidence of this position is requisite than the fact that in England, where many of the common necessaries of life are heavily taxed, it has been satisfactorily ascertained from observation, that for several days preceding the drawing of a lottery, the consumption of such articles was very materially diminished. It is moreover equally true, that a very small proportion of the tax actually paid, through the purchase of lottery tickets, is available to the state: by far the greater part being absorbed in the expenses, profits, &c., of managers and venders."

INSURING NUMBERS, OR POLICY DEALING.

As the system of insuring numbers is at present practised to a fearful extent in this city, and as its votaries are mostly the ignorant and unthinking portion of the community, we proceed to give a plain matter-of-fact investigation of the chances.

There being on the day of drawing a certain number of tickets in the wheel, out of which a particular number of them are to be drawn, it follows that there are so many chances to one against a given number being drawn as the number which are to be drawn are contained in the entire number of tickets in the wheel. To illustrate this practically, suppose you would insure the payment of $100 upon the event of a certain number being drawn from the lottery wheel to-day; suppose it is a 78 number lottery, and that 12 ballots are to be drawn; the chance then is evidently 78/12, or 6.5 to 1 that you lose: accordingly, in order to make the chances equal, you must pay 100/6.5, or $15.38, for insurance: if therefore the insurer should ask $32, there would be about $16 fraud: in other words, you would have to contend against about 100 per cent. The only inducement for the insurer to pursue this vile practice, in defiance of constitutions and laws, is a liberal per centage. This varies from 30 to 70, and even 125 per cent. Under circumstances like these, when the chances of gain are obviously so remote, it would seem incredible that any one endowed with even ordinary sagacity could be so deluded—so desperate—as to adventure; though, sad to relate, hundreds and hundreds in this city daily spend their little all in effecting insurance on numbers, and that, too, at the sacrifice of the common necessaries of life.

Another system of insurance, which we will proceed to analyze, is effected by what is termed a station number. The adventurer selects a number, and declares that it will come out the first or second drawn, or in some other place, for which he pays six cents, and if the number is drawn in the order indicated, he is to receive $2.50. To illustrate this, suppose you select a certain number, which you declare will be the third drawn; suppose also that it is a 78 number lottery, and that there are 12 drawn ballots. In this case there are evidently 78/12 = 6.5 chances to 1 against the selected number being drawn. It is also plain that should it be a drawn number, there are 12 chances to 1 against it being drawn in any particular order; wherefore it follows, that there are 6.5x12 = 78 chances to 1 against the selected number being the third or any other particular drawn number. Accordingly, to equalize the chances, in case of winning you should receive 78x6 = $4.68; hence, under these circumstances the insurer gains $2.18, which is nearly 100 per cent. Again, suppose it is a 98 number lottery, and that you pay 25 cents: here we have 98x25 = $24.50, the sum you ought to receive in case of winning, instead of which you only receive 25/6x2.5 = $10.626; hence the insurer gains $13.975, or more than 125 per cent.

PROF. GODDARD ON LOTTERIES.

We give below a very able memorial, from the pen of Prof. Goddard, of Brown University, to the Legislature of Rhode Island.

The undersigned, citizens of Rhode Island, have long regarded the lottery system with unqualified reprobation. They believe it to be a multiform social evil, which is obnoxious to the severest reprehension of the moralist, and which it is the duty of the legislator, in all cases, to visit with the most effective prohibitory sanctions. Entertaining these convictions, the undersigned memorialists cannot withhold them from the Hon. General Assembly of Rhode Island. They invoke the General Assembly to exercise their constitutional powers, promptly and decisively, for the correction of a long-continued, and wide-spread, and pestilent social evil. They ask them, most respectfully and earnestly, to withdraw, as soon as may be, all legislative sanction of the lottery system, and to save Rhode Island from the enduring reproach of being among the last States to abandon that system. The memorialists beg leave to disclaim, in this matter, all personal or political considerations. They are seeking neither to help nor to hurt any political party. They contemplate no aggression upon the rights or the character of individuals. They are engaged in no impracticable scheme of moral reform. They have no fondness for popular agitation. They are what they profess to be, citizens of Rhode Island, and it is only in the quality of citizens of Rhode Island, that they now ask the General Assembly to resort to the most operative penal enactments, for the entire suppression of a system which exists, and which can exist only to disgrace the character of the State, and to injure both the morals and the interests of the people. The memorialists are persuaded that a commanding majority of the citizens of every political party entertain sentiments of decided hostility to all lotteries. In praying, therefore, for legislative interposition, they feel that they are not in advance of public opinion, that they are not urging the General Assembly to anticipate public opinion, but only to imbody it; to accelerate its salutary impulses, and to augment its healthful vigour. The constitutional power of the legislature to interfere in the premises being undisputed, the memorialists beg leave to submit, for consideration, a few only of the many reasons which have forced upon their minds the conclusion—that Rhode Island should lose no time and spare no effort in extirpating the lottery system:—a system which has already worked extensive evil within her borders; which is repugnant to a cultivated moral sense; and which has been branded, both as illegal and immoral, by some of the most enlightened governments upon earth. In this connection, it should be stated, that England, and, it is believed, France likewise, have abandoned the lottery system. Some of the most populous and influential States in this Confederacy have abandoned it. Massachusetts has abandoned it; Pennsylvania has abandoned it; New York has abandoned it. Nay more, so hostile were the people of the latter State to the lottery system, that in revising its Constitution a few years since, they adopted a provision which prohibits the Legislature from ever making a lottery grant. These examples are adduced to show the progress of an enlightened public sentiment upon this subject, and to exhibit the grateful spectacle of governments, differently constituted, exercising their powers for the best interests of the people. The evils which the lottery system creates, and the evils which it exasperates, are so various and complicated, that the undersigned memorialists cannot attempt an enumeration. They are so revolting as to furnish no motive for rhetorical exaggeration. A few only of these evils the undersigned memorialists will now proceed to mention.

1. Lotteries are liable to many of the strongest objections which can be alleged against gambling. They have thus far escaped, it is true, the infamy of gambling, but they can plead no exemption from its malignant consequences. Like gamblers, they are hostile—not to say fatal—to all composure of thought and sobriety of conduct. Like gambling, they inflame the imagination of their victims and their dupes, with visions of ease, and affluence, and pleasure, destined never to be realized. Like gambling, they seduce men, especially the credulous and the unthinking, from the pursuits of regular industry, into the vortex of wild adventure and exasperated passions. Like gambling, they ultimately create a necessity for constant vicious excitement. Like gambling, they often lead to poverty and despair, to insanity and to suicide. Like gambling, they furnish strong temptations to fraud, and theft, and drunkenness. Like gambling, they work, in but too many cases, a permanent depravation of all moral principle and all moral habits. This fearful parallel might easily be extended. The picture here presented of the evils of lotteries, however fearful it may seem, is not overdrawn. This picture will be owned as just, by many a bereaved widow and by many a forsaken wife, who trace all their woes to the temptation into which this respectable and legalized species of gambling had betrayed once affectionate husbands. It will be owned as just by many a child, who has been doomed perchance to a heritage of ignorance and poverty, by a father, for whose weak virtue the potent fascinations of the lottery were found too strong. In many respects, the lottery system may be deemed even more pernicious than ordinary gambling. It spreads a more accomplished snare; it is less offensive to decorum; it is less alarming to consciences which have not lost all sensitiveness; it numbers among its participants multitudes of those who ought to blush and to tremble for thus hazarding their own virtue, and for thus corrupting the virtues of others; it draws within its charmed circle men and women who fill up every gradation of age, and character, and fortune.

2. The lottery system, as at present constituted, presents the strongest temptations to fraud on the part of all those who are concerned either in the drawing of lotteries or in the sale of tickets. It is not known that fraud has in any case been perpetrated, though fraud is suspected. If perpetrated, it would be no easy matter to detect it. The ignorant and the credulous men and women, who seek to better their fortunes by gambling in lottery tickets, know nothing of those mystical combinations of numbers, on which their fate is suspended. Utter strangers as they are to all the "business transactions" of the lottery system, if cheated at all, they are cheated without remedy.

3. The lottery system operates as a most oppressive tax upon the community. This tax is paid, not by the rich and luxurious—but it is paid mainly by those who are struggling for independence, and by those who earn their bread by the sweat of their brow—by the servants in our kitchens—by clerks and apprentices, and day-labourers; by mechanics and traders; by the men and women who work in our factories; and in too many instances, it is to be feared, by our hardy yeomanry, who, impatient of the slow profits of agriculture, vainly expect from the chances of the lottery that which is never denied to the efforts of industry. The amount of pauperism and crime, of mental agitation and perchance of mental insanity, which the lottery system must create among these numerous classes, it would not be easy to calculate.

4. Lotteries are the parent of much of the pauperism which is to be found in this young, and free, and prosperous land. It entails poverty upon multitudes directly, by exhausting their limited means in abortive experiments to get rich by "high prizes"—and, yet more, by withdrawing multitudes from a dependence on labour, and accustoming them to hope miracles of good fortune from chance. After repeated disappointments, they discover, when it is too late to profit from the discovery, how sadly they have been duped, and how recklessly they have abandoned their confidence in themselves, and in that gracious Being who never forsakes those who put their trust in him. They sink into despondency, and, seeking to forget themselves, they bring upon their faculties the brutal stupor of intoxication, or they exhilarate them by its delirious gayety. Suicide is often the fearful issue. Dupin ascribes a hundred cases of suicide annually to the lottery system in the single city of Paris. Many years ago a lottery scheme, displaying splendid prizes, was formed in London. Adventures to a very large amount was the consequence, and the night of the drawing was signalized by fifty cases of suicide!

5. Success in lotteries is hardly less fatal than failure. The fortunate adventurer is never satisfied. He ventures again and again, till ruin overtakes him. After all the tempting promises of wealth, which are made by those concerned in this iniquitous system, how very few, except managers of lotteries and venders of lottery tickets, has it ever made rich! and well may it be asked, whom has it ever made more diligent in business, more contented, and respectable, and happy?

6. Lotteries, it is believed, are rendered especially mischievous in this country by the nature of our institutions, and by the spirit of the times. Here, the path to eminence being open to every one—but too many are morbidly anxious to improve their condition; and by means, too, which in the wisdom of Providence were never intended to command success. A mad desire for wealth pervades all classes—it feeds all minds with fantastic hope; it is hostile to all patient toil, and legitimate enterprise, and economical expenditure. It generates a spirit of reckless speculation; it corrupts the simplicity of our tastes; and, what is yet worse, it impairs, not unfrequently, in reference to the transactions of business, the obligations of common honesty. Upon these elements of our social condition and character, the lottery system operates with malignant efficacy.

The undersigned memorialists are far from thinking that, in the preceding remarks, they have exhausted the argument against the lottery system. They have dwelt, in general terms, upon only some of its more prominent evils. They do not allow themselves to believe that, aside from the ranks of those who have a direct personal interest in this system, a man of character could be found in Rhode Island to defend it. The memorialists deem lotteries to be in Rhode Island a paramount social evil. They entreat the General Assembly to survey this evil in all its phases, and then to apply the remedy. The interposition which is now asked at the hands of the Legislature has been delayed too long, either for the interests or for the character of the state. It is time that we protected our interests, and retrieved our character. It is time that the lottery had ceased to be the "domestic institution" of Rhode Island. It is time that we abandoned, and abandoned for ever, the policy of supporting schools, and building churches, with the wages of iniquity. The memorialists are aware that the General Assembly have made lottery grants, which have not yet expired. They seek not in any way to interfere with those grants; but in concluding this expression of their views, they cannot avoid repeating their earnest entreaty that the legislature would come up without unnecessary delay to the great work of reforming an abuse, which no length of time, or patronage of numbers, or policy of state, should be permitted to shelter for another hour.

EXTRACTS from a Report to the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism in the city of New York.

"It is not possible to estimate the sum that may have been drawn from the people by lottery devices. Nor is it possible to estimate the number of poor people that have engaged in lottery gambling. We have been told, that more than two hundred of these deluded people have been seen early in the mornings at the lottery offices, pressing to know their fate. There might be seen the anxiety, the disappointment, and mortification, of unfortunate beings, who had lost their all!

"Thus we see that this demoralizing contagion has spread its destructive influence over the most indigent and ignorant of the community. The injurious system of lotteries opens a wide door to gambling, fraud and imposition; of which the speculating, dishonest, idle, profligate and crafty avail themselves, and deceive the innocent and ignorant.

"If we place this subject in a pecuniary view as it relates to the public funds, the mischievous effect is more obvious. From an estimate, made by a gentleman of accurate calculation, it appears, that the expense, or the amount drawn from the people, to raise by lottery the net sum of 30,000 dollars, amounts to $170,500, including the expense of the managers and their attendants, the clerks and attendants of the lottery offices, the expense of time lost by poor people, and the amount paid the proprietors of lottery offices. This enormous sum is paid for the collection of only 30,000 dollars. This is, therefore, not only the most expensive, but also the most demoralizing method that was ever devised to tax the people.

"Upon the whole view of the subject, your committee are decidedly of opinion, that lotteries are the most injurious kind of taxation, and the very worst species of Gambling. By their insidious and fascinating influence on the public mind, their baleful effect is extended, and their mischievous consequences are most felt by the indigent and ignorant, who are seduced, deceived, and cheated out of their money, when their families are often suffering for the necessaries of life. Their principles are vitiated by lotteries, they are deceived by vain and delusive expectation, and are led into habits of idleness and vice, which produce innumerable evils, and, ultimately, end in misery and pauperism."

LOTTERY COMBINATIONS.

The numbers on lottery tickets are formed by combinations of certain numbers previously agreed upon; as from 1 to 60, 1 to 75, 1 to 78, &c., &c.

Combination consists in taking a less number of things out of a greater, without any regard to the order in which they stand; no two combinations having the same quantities or numbers.

Problem.—To find the number of combinations which can be taken from any given number of things, all different from each other, taking a given number at a time.

Rule.—Take a series of numbers, the first term of which is equal to the number of things out of which the combinations are to be made, and decreasing by 1, till the number of terms is equal to the number of things to be taken at a time, and the product of all the terms.

Then take the natural series 1, 2, 3, &c., up to the number of things to be taken at a time, and find the product of all the terms of this series.