[Footnote 37: Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria, 1749-1767.]

[Footnote 38: House of Burgesses Journal, 1761-1765, 246.]

[Footnote 39: Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria, 1749-1767.]

[Footnote 40: Order Book, Fairfax Court House, 1768-1770, 338.]

[Footnote 41: The Charter and Laws of Alexandria, Va., 78.]

[Footnote 42: Harrison, Landmarks of Old Prince William, II, 416, note 46.]

[Footnote 43: Letter to George Washington from Lund Washington, April 28, 1792. Toner Transcripts, Library of Congress. Copied from notes in Mount Vernon Ladies Association Library.]

[Footnote 44: Wilstack, Mount Vernon, 138.]

[Footnote 45: Ibid.]

[Footnote 46: Fitzpatrick, Diaries of George Washington, II, 209.]

[Footnote 47: Letter of Olney Winsor to his wife in Providence, Rhode Island. Original in archives, State Library, Richmond, Virginia.]

[Footnote 48: Harrison, Landmarks of Old Prince William, II, 409.]

[Footnote 49: Morse, The American Geography, 381.]

[Footnote 50: Harrison, Landmarks of Old Prince William, II, 408.]

[Footnote 51: Ibid.]

[Footnote 52: Ibid.]

[Footnote 53: A Stranger in America (Anonymous), 213.]

[Footnote 54: Snowden, The Laws of the Corporation of the Town of Alexandria from 1779 to 1811, 32.]

[Footnote 55: Fitzpatrick, Writings of George Washington, III, 18.]

[Footnote 56: Caton, Jottings, 115.]



PART TWO: THE PRESENCE OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, 1749-1799.

Chapter 1. WILLIAM RAMSAY: Romulus of Alexandria.

[Footnote 57: Harrison, Landmarks of Old Prince William, II, 371, quoting President Madison in 1827.]

[Footnote 58: Harrison, Landmarks of Old Prince William, II, 406.]

[Footnote 59: Ibid., 663. Alexandria, 1749. Record Hening, I, 214, C.O. 5, 1895, No. 20. Description: "60 Acres ... parcel of the land of Philip Alexander, John Alexander, and Hugh West, situate ... on the south side of Potomack River about the mouth of Great Hunting Creek in the county of Fairfax." Trustees: Thomas, Lord Fairfax, William Fairfax, George William Fairfax, Richard Osborne, Lawrence Washington, William Ramsay, John Carlyle, John Pagan, Gerard Alexander, Hugh West, Philip Alexander.]

[Footnote 60: Hamilton, Letters, II, 164.]

[Footnote 61: Harrison, Landmarks, II, 414; Hayden, Virginia Genealogies, 88; William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine, IV, 17; Maryland Gazette (Copy in Ramsay Family records).]

[Footnote 62: Maryland Gazette, December 1761, Ramsay Family records.]

[Footnote 63: Lipscomb, The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, IV, 90, Memorial Edition.]

[Footnote 64: Letter of Martha Washington to Betty Ramsay, dated Cambridge, December 30, 1775. Courtesy Pierpont Morgan Library.]

[Footnote 65: Ramsay Family records.]

[Footnote 66: See reference No. 8, supra.]

[Footnote 67: Deed Book P, 365, December 20, 1784. Fairfax Court House.]

[Footnote 68: Deed Book B, 168, July 14, 1785. Alexandria Land Records.]

[Footnote 69: Fitzpatrick, Diaries of George Washington, II, 342.]

[Footnote 70: From a newspaper clipping in Ramsay Family records.]

[Footnote 71: Fitzpatrick, Diaries, II, 356.]

[Footnote 72: From a newspaper clipping in Ramsay Family records.]

Alexandria Deed Book F, 331.

Alexandria Will Book 4, 92.

Fairfax Deed Books: D, No. 1, Part I, 436; D, 380; M, No. 1, 286.

Chapter 2. JOHN CARLYLE AND HIS HOUSE.

[Footnote 73: Will Book I-D, 368. Fairfax Court House.]

[Footnote 74: Minute Book, 1753 Fairfax Court House.]

[Footnote 75: Will Book, I-D, 368. Fairfax Court House.]

[Footnote 76: Will Book I-D, 203-207. Fairfax Court House.]

[Footnote 77: Harrison, Early American Turf Stock, I, 152, 155-156.]

Chapter 3. THE MARRIED HOUSES.

[Footnote 78: Fitzpatrick, Diaries, I, 308.]

[Footnote 79: Ibid., 366.]

[Footnote 80: Deed Book E, 63. Alexandria.]

[Footnote 81: From information furnished by Mr. Taylor Burke.]

Alexandria Deed Books: 43, 445; E, 90, 316; L-3, 474; P-3, 650; Q-3, 19; T-3, 537; V-3, 383; W, 398; W-3, 453.

Alexandria Will Book 4, 63.

Fairfax Will Book D, 17-20.

Chapter 4. THE FAIRFAXES OF BELVOIR AND ALEXANDRIA.

[Footnote 82: Neill, The Fairfaxes of England and America, 49.]

[Footnote 83: Fitzpatrick, Writings, I, 166.]

[Footnote 84: Ibid., 122-123.]

[Footnote 85: Cary, Sally Cary, 50.]

[Footnote 86: Neill, The Fairfaxes of England and America, 95-97.]

[Footnote 87: Minute Book, Court held August 15, 1758, 501-502.]

[Footnote 88: Fitzpatrick, Diaries, II, 118.]

[Footnote 89: Fitzpatrick, Writings, XXVII, 58].

[Footnote 90: Ibid., 57.]

[Footnote 91: Ibid., XXXVI, 262-265.]

Chapter 5. THE GEORGE WILLIAM FAIRFAX HOUSE.

[Footnote 92: Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria, 1749-1767; Deed Book G-1, 116. Fairfax Court House.]

[Footnote 93: Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria, 1749-1767.]

[Footnote 94: Fairfax Court House Records. Missing Liber K (now in the Library of Congress), 124-127.]

[Footnote 95: Fitzpatrick, Diaries, II, 42.]

[Footnote 96: Personal Property Tax, Fairfax County (1782-1793). Virginia State Library Archives, No. 400.]

[Footnote 97: Lee, Lee of Virginia, 235-254.]

[Footnote 98: Shepperson, John Paradise and Lucy Ludwell, 98.]

[Footnote 99: Fitzpatrick, Diaries, IV, 270, 280.]

Alexandria Deed Books: B, 364; D, No. 2, 177.

Alexandria Will Book 2, 278 (Orphans' Court).

Fairfax Deed Books: C-1, 382; G-1, 116.

Fairfax Deed Book K, 119-127; 302-307, 368, 370. Now in Library of Congress.

Chapter 6. JOHN GADSBY AND HIS FAMOUS TAVERN.

[Footnote 100: Tyler's Quarterly Historical and Genealogical Magazine, XVI, No. 4, 233.]

[Footnote 101: So-called by Thomas T. Waterman, author of The Mansions of Virginia.]

[Footnote 102: Columbia Mirror and Alexandria Gazette, October 30, 1793.]

[Footnote 103: Ibid., November 6, 1793.]

[Footnote 104: Ibid.]

[Footnote 105: A number of years ago the Metropolitan Museum acquired by purchase the woodwork of the great ballroom, where so many of Alexandria's social events had taken place. It is an outstanding exhibit in the American wing.]

[Footnote 106: Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs, 451-452.]

[Footnote 107: Liber R, No. 2, 372. 1809. Alexandria.]

[Footnote 108: Alexandria Gazette, October 19, 1824.]

[Footnote 109: Fitzpatrick, Diaries, IV, 298.]

[Footnote 110: Tyler's Quarterly Historical and Genealogical Magazine, XVI, No. 4, 238.]

[Footnote 111: Ibid.]

Alexandria Liber P, No. 2, 421. Indenture, July 8, 1802.

Chapter 7. THE MICHAEL SWOPE HOUSE.

[Footnote 112: Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria, 1749-1767.]

[Footnote 113: Liber D (1755-1761), 452. Fairfax Court House.]

[Footnote 114: Ibid.]

[Footnote 115: Liber B, 375. July 25, 1786. Alexandria.]

Alexandria Deed Book X, 330.

Fairfax Liber I, No. 1, 321-322; N, No. 1, 226.

Chapter 8. DR. WILLIAM BROWN Author of the First American Pharmacopoeia AND HIS DWELLING.

[Footnote 116: Fitzpatrick, Diaries, II, 64.]

[Footnote 117: Fitzpatrick, Writings, XXX, 133.]

[Footnote 118: Lund Washington's ledger, 148. Manuscript Collection of the Mount Vernon Ladies Association.]

[Footnote 119: Washington's Papers, Ledger B, 119. Library of Congress.]

Alexandria Liber B, No. 3, 273; H, No. 1, 140.

Fairfax Deed Books: D, No. 1, Part 1, 436; M, No. 1, 25, 261; O, No. 1, 82.

Fairfax Liber M, 259; S, No. 1, 419.

Chapter 9. THE PERUKE SHOP.

[Footnote 120: Order Book, 333-334. (April 18, 1759.) Fairfax Court House.]

[Footnote 121: Liber J (I), 236. Alexandria.]

Alexandria Deed Books: F, 483; S, 420; V, 114.

Alexandria Liber O, No. 2, 453.

Fairfax Deed Books: C, 306; G, 119; P, No. 1, 385.

Fairfax Liber D, 169.

Chapter 10. HISTORIC CHRIST CHURCH.

[Footnote 122: Truro Parish Vestry Book (Manuscript), sub. June 4, 1753.]

[Footnote 123: Ibid., November 22, 1754.]

[Footnote 124: Ibid., November 29, 1756.]

[Footnote 125: Slaughter, Truro Parish, 96-100.]

[Footnote 126: Papers of George Washington, Library of Congress, Vol. 258.]

Chapter 11. THE PRESBYTERIAN MEETINGHOUSE.

[Footnote 127: Dr. Muir's Report, in the files of the Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia.]

[Footnote 128: Minutes of the Session.]

[Footnote 129: Committee Book, October 4, 1825, 132.]

[Footnote 130: Alexandria Gazette, 1831.]

[Footnote 131: Committee Minutes, 208.]

[Footnote 132: Ibid., 209.]

[Footnote 133: Ibid., 212.]

[Footnote 134: Session Book, Session 210, 134 (April 29, 1837).]

Fairfax Liber L, No. 1, 215.

Chapter 12. PRESENTING THE SUN FIRE COMPANY

[Footnote 135: Minutes of the Sun Fire Company. Courtesy of Miss Cora Duffey.]

[Footnote 136: Papers of George Washington. Library of Congress. Vol. 275 (August 24-October 19, 1795), sub. October 7, 1795.]

Chapter 13. CAPTAIN JOHN HARPER AND HIS HOUSES.

[Footnote 137: Minutes of the Trustees of Alexandria, 1749-1767; Deed Book G. No. 1, 116. Fairfax Court House.]

[Footnote 138: Hamilton, Letters to Washington, IV, 196.]

[Footnote 139: Liber G, No. 1, 28, Fairfax Court House.]

[Footnote 140: Powell, Old Alexandria, 313-314.]

Alexandria Deed Book E, 128.

Alexandria Land Book (1798-1800), Virginia State Library and Archives.

Alexandria Will Book B, 16-161.

Fairfax Liber K, No. 1, 270-275.

Chapter 14. DR. ELISHA C. DICK AND THE FAWCETT HOUSE.

[Footnote 141: Letters of his great-grandson, J.A. Pearce, to Dr. A.M. Toner, August 30, 1885. From copies given the author by Mr. W.B. McGroarty.]

[Footnote 142: Fitzpatrick, Diaries, II, 340.]

[Footnote 143: Deed Book I, 41. Alexandria.]

[Footnote 144: Lindsey, Historic Homes and Landmarks of Alexandria, Virginia, 37.]

[Footnote 145: Freeman, R.E. Lee.]

[Footnote 146: Liber M, 121. Fairfax Court House.]

[Footnote 147: Ibid.]

[Footnote 148: Liber N, No. 2, 42. Fairfax Court House.]

Alexandria Deed Books: A, 53; B, 23; C, 113; V, 445.

Fairfax Deed Books: B, 336; G, 39-42.

Fairfax Liber D, No. 2, 25.

Chapter 15. THE BENJAMIN DULANEY HOUSE.

[Footnote 149: Fitzpatrick, Writings, III, 114. Letter to Burwell Bassett.]

[Footnote 150: Fitzpatrick, Diaries, II, 339 and 344.]

[Footnote 151: A Stranger in America (Anonymous), 212.]

[Footnote 152: Contributed by Mr. W.B. McGroarty.]

[Footnote 153: Courtesy Mr. and Mrs. John Howard Joynt.]

Alexandria Deed Book T, 508.

Fairfax Deed Book O, 75.

Chapter 16. DR. JAMES CRAIK AND HIS DWELLING.

[Footnote 154: From an address on James Craik, Physician General, by Major General Robert A. Patterson in The Military Surgeon, February 1932.]

[Footnote 155: Will Book A, 128, April 13, 1803. Alexandria.]

[Footnote 156: Ford, Writings of Washington, XIV, 245-258; Callahan, Washington: the Man and the Mason, 188-191.]

[Footnote 157: Prussing, The Estate of George Washington, Deceased, 58.]

Alexandria Deed Book BB, 349.

Fairfax Deed Book Y, No. 1, 224.

Chapter 17. ALEXANDRIA'S OLD APOTHECARY SHOP.

Chapter 18. SPRING GARDENS.

[Footnote 158: Order Book, 1753. Fairfax Court House.]

[Footnote 159: Fitzpatrick, Diaries, IV, 279.]

[Footnote 160: Washington's Cash Memorandum Book, Toner Transcript in Library of Congress.]

[Footnote 161: Baker, Washington After the Revolution, 361.]

[Footnote 162: Fitzpatrick, Diaries, IV, 309.]

[Footnote 163: Baker, op. cit., 383.]

Chapter 19. WILLIAM FITZHUGH AND ROBERT E. LEE.

[Footnote 164: Fitzpatrick, Diaries, IV, 269.]

[Footnote 165: Ibid., 301.]

[Footnote 166: Ibid., 301.]

[Footnote 167: Ibid., 318.

Alexandria Deed Books: 13 (1883-1884), 399; K, No. 2, 234; M, 162; M, No. 2, 343; O, No. 2, 231.

Alexandria Will Book C, 308, 318.]

Chapter 20. GEORGE WASHINGTON'S TENEMENTS.

[Footnote 168: Fitzpatrick, Diaries, sub. April 28, 1760, I, 157.]

[Footnote 169: Powell, Old Alexandria, 76-78.]

[Footnote 170: Fitzpatrick, Writings, II, 448.]

[Footnote 171: Ibid., XXVIII, 25.]

[Footnote 172: Ibid., XXXIV, 503-504. George Washington to Tobias Lear.]

[Footnote 173: Papers of George Washington, 245. Library of Congress.]

[Footnote 174: Fitzpatrick, Writings, XXXV, 496.]

[Footnote 175: Ibid., XXXVI, 25.]

[Footnote 176: Prussing, Estate of George Washington, Deceased, 73 (page 30 of Will).]

[Footnote 177: Ibid., 81 (page 40 of Will).]

[Footnote 178: Liber M. Folio 140 (1804). Deed recorded June 17, 1805. Fairfax Court House.]

Alexandria Deed Books: 4, 206, 209; 8, 459; 19, 10; 45, 205; 120, 464; 218, 532, 550; G, 256; I, No. 3, 165.

Alexandria Liber F, No. 3, 190-192; M, 140; X, No. 2, 524.

Chapter 21. THE GEORGIAN COTTAGE.

[Footnote 179: Liber M, 103. Alexandria.]

[Footnote 180: Deed Book W, 10 and 103. Alexandria.]

Chapter 22. THE VOWELL-SNOWDEN HOUSE.

[Footnote 181: Powell, Old Alexandria.]

Alexandria Deed Books: B, 195, 485; B-3, 329; L, 209; Q-2 (1826), 195.

Chapter 23. THE EDMUND JENNINGS LEE HOUSE.

[Footnote 182: Lee, Lee of Virginia, 374; Lee, Recollections and Letters of General Lee, 24.]

[Footnote 183: Lee, Recollections And Letters, 28.]

Alexandria Deed Books: A (1801), 264; H, 460.

Alexandria Will Book 4, 320.



PART THREE: FIVE SKETCHES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

Chapter 24. THE YEATON-FAIRFAX HOUSE.

[Footnote 184: Deed Book K, 264. Alexandria.]

[Footnote 185: Information contributed by Mr. Worth Bailey. The author is indebted to the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association for permission to quote Yeaton's letter which follows in the chapter text.]

Alexandria Deed Books: D, 81; S-2, 669.

Alexandria Liber V-3, 470.

Chapter 25. THE LA FAYETTE-LAWRASON-CAZENOVE HOUSE.

[Footnote 186: Alexandria Gazette, October 19, 1824.]

Fairfax Deed Books: G, 358, 383; K, 181.

Chapter 26. ENTER THE QUAKER PEDAGOGUE: BENJAMIN HALLOWELL.

[Footnote 187: Hallowell, Autobiography, 99 and 100.]

[Footnote 188: Ibid., 104.]

[Footnote 189: Ibid., 105.]

[Footnote 190: Ibid., 108.]

Chapter 27. THE ALEXANDRIA LYCEUM.

[Footnote 191: Hallowell, Autobiography, 128-129.]

[Footnote 192: Alexandria Gazette, December 2, 1876.]

[Footnote 193: Liber Y, No. 3, 410. Alexandria.]

Alexandria Deed Book 45, 406.

Alexandria Will Book 10, 414.

Chapter 28. THE SEA CAPTAIN'S DAUGHTER AND HER HOUSE.

[Footnote 194: The material for this sketch was contributed by Mrs. George R. Hill, Sr., daughter of Mrs. Melissa Hussey Wood.]



Bibliography

I. MANUSCRIPTS

Alexandria Court Records; Deed Books, Will Books.

[Alexandria], Custom Record Journal of the Port for the Year 1816-1817. Privately owned.

[Alexandria], Minutes of the Trustees and the Council, 1749-1780; 1792-1800.

[Alexandria], Minutes of the Sun Fire Company. Privately owned.

[Alexandria], Personal Tax List, 1782. Virginia State Library and Archives.

Fairfax County Court Records; Deed Books, Will Books, Minutes and Order.

[Fairfax County], Census and List of Tithables for 1749; Personal Tax List, 1782-1793. Virginia State Library and Archives.

[Fairfax County], Liber K. Library of Congress.

[Fairfax County], Truro Parish Vestry Book. Library of Congress.

Lawrason Family Bible. Privately owned.

Letter, Olney Winsor to his wife. Virginia State Library and Archives.

Letters of J.A. Pearce to Dr. A.M. Toner, his great-grandfather. Typescripts prescribed by Mr. William B. McGroarty to the author.

Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Miscellaneous manuscripts.

Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia. Microfilm records. Virginia State Library and Archives.

Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia, Pa., Dr. Muir's Report; Minutes of the Session (210); Committee Minutes.

Ramsay Family Records.

Stabler-Leadbeater Apothecary Shop, Archives. Courtesy of the Alexandria Landmarks Association.

Washington, George, Accounts, Cash memoranda; Ledgers A and B. Library of Congress.

Washington, George, Papers. Library of Congress.

Washington, Lund, Ledger in the collection of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association.

Washington, Martha, Letter to Miss Betsy Ramsay, dated December 30, 1775. Pierpont Morgan Library.

II. PERIODICALS

Alexandria Gazette, established as The Virginia Journal and Alexandria Advertiser and underwent many changes of proprietors and names.

American Turf Register and Sporting Magazine, March, 1830.

Carne, William E., "Tiny Town Notes," From Ramsay Family Records.

Carne, William E., "Washington As a Burgher," Harper's New Monthly Magazine. February 1880.

The Magazine Antiques, special issue devoted to Alexandria, February 1945.

Maryland Gazette, Annapolis, Md.

Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C.

Tyler's Quarterly Historical and Genealogical Magazine, Richmond, Va.

Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Richmond, Va.

William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine, series I and II. Williamsburg, Va.

III. PUBLISHED SOURCES & GENERAL WORKS

[Alexandria], The Charter and Laws of the City of Alexandria, Va., and Historical Sketch of Its Government, published by the city council, Alexandria, 1874.

Baker, William Spohn, Washington After the Revolution, Philadelphia, 1898.

Blanton, Wyndham B., Medicine in Virginia in the Eighteenth Century. Richmond, 1931.

Brockett, F.L., The Lodge of Washington, 1783-1876, Alexandria, 1890.

Burnaby, Rev. Andrew, Travels Through the Middle Settlements in North America, 1759-1760, London, 1775.

Callahan, Charles H., The Memorial to Washington: an Historical Souvenir, Alexandria Memorial Committee, c. 1923.

Callahan, Charles H., Washington: The Man and the Mason, published under the auspices of the Memorial Temple Committee of the George Washington Masonic National Memorial Association, 1913.

Cary, Wilson Miles, Sally Cary, A Long Hidden Romance of Washington's Life. With Notes by Another Hand. New York, 1916. Privately printed.

Caton, James R., Legislative Chronicles of the City of Alexandria, or Jottings from the Annals of Alexandria, Alexandria, 1933.

Conway, Moncure D., Barons of the Potomack and the Rappahannock, New York, 1892.

Custis, George Washington Parke, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, New York, 1860.

Davis, Deering, Stephen P. Dorsey, and Ralph Cole Hall, Alexandria Houses, 1750-1830, New York, 1946.

Dictionary of American Biography. Edited by Allen Johnson and Dumas Malone, New York, 1928-36. 20 Vols. and supplement.

Fairfax, Thomas, Journey from Virginia to Salem, Massachusetts, 1799, London, 1936. Privately printed.

Fitzpatrick, John C., ed., The Diaries of George Washington 1748-1798. Published for the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. New York, 1925. 4 Vols.

Fitzpatrick, John C., ed., The Writings of George Washington. Bicentennial Edition. Washington, D.C., 1932. 37 Vols. and index.

Ford, Worthington Chauncey, ed., The Writings of George Washington. New York and London, 1889-93. 14 Vols.

Freeman, Douglas Southall, R.E. Lee, New York, 1934. 4 Vols.

Hamilton, S.M., ed., Letters to George Washington, Boston and New York. 5 Vols.

Harrison, Constance (Cary), "Mrs. Burton Harrison," Crow's Nest and Belle Haven Tales. New York, 1892.

Harrison, Constance (Cary), "Mrs. Burton Harrison," Recollections Grave and Gay. New York, 1916.

Harrison, Fairfax, The Background of the American Stud Book. Richmond, 1933. Privately printed.

Harrison, Fairfax, Early American Turf Stock, 1730-1830. Richmond, 1934. 2 Vols. Privately printed.

Harrison, Fairfax, The Equine F.F.V.'s, Richmond, 1928. Privately printed.

Harrison, Fairfax, Landmarks of Old Prince William, Richmond, 1924. Privately printed. 2 Vols.

Harrison, Fairfax, Virginia Land Grants, Richmond, 1928. Privately printed.

Hayden, Rev. Horace Edwin, Virginia Genealogies, Washington, D.C., 1931.

Hening, William Waller, comp., The Statutes at Large Being a Collection of All the Laws of Virginia, from the First Session of the Legislature in the Year 1619. Richmond, 1810-23. 13 Vols.

Hallowell, Benjamin, Autobiography, Philadelphia, Pa., 1883.

Jackson, Rev. Eugene B., The Romance of Historic Alexandria. Alexandria, 1923.

Janson, Charles William, The Stranger in America. London, 1807.

Kettell, Russell Howes, ed., Early American Rooms ... Portland, Me., 1936.

Knox, Katharine McCook, The Sharples, Their Portraits of George Washington and His Contemporaries, New York, 1930.

Lee, Edmund Jennings, Lee of Virginia, 1642-1892. Philadelphia, 1895.

Lee, Robert E. Jr., Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, New York, 1905.

Lindsey, Mary, Historic Homes and Landmarks of Alexandria, Virginia. 1931. Privately printed.

Lipscomb, Andrew Adgate, ed., The Writings of Thomas Jefferson. Washington, D.C. (Memorial Edition) 1903-04. 20 Vols.

Lossing, Benson J., Mount Vernon and Its Associations. New York, 1859.

MacDonald, Rose Mortimer E., Mrs. Robert E. Lee, Boston, 1939.

McGroarty, William Buckner, The Old Presbyterian Meeting House at Alexandria, Virginia 1774-1874. Richmond, 1940.

McIlwaine, H.R., ed., Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia. 11 Vols.

McIlwaine, H.R., ed., Legislative Journals of The Council of Colonial Virginia, Richmond, 1925-28, 3 Vols.

Morrison, A.J., ed., Travels in Virginia in Revolutionary Times, Lynchburg, Va., 1922.

Morse, Jedidiah, The American Geography, London, 1792.

Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Annual Reports, 1938-48.

Neill, Edward D., The Fairfaxes of England and America. Albany, N.Y., 1868.

Norfleet, Fillmore, St. Memin in Virginia, Richmond, 1942.

Powell, Mary G., The History of Old Alexandria, Virginia. Richmond, Va., 1928. Privately printed.

Prussing, Eugene E., The Estate of George Washington, Deceased, Boston, 1927.

Ramsay, A.M.H., A Short Life of Sir Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie. From Ramsay Family Records.

Ritson, Mrs. A., A Poetical Picture of America Being Observations Made During a Residence of Several Years at Alexandria and Norfolk in Virginia, London, 1809.

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The Scottish Tartans, Edinburgh and London, 1886. From Ramsay Family Records.

Shepperson, Archibald Bolling, John Paradise and Lucy Ludwell, Richmond, Va., 1942.

Slaughter, Rev. Philip, The History of Truro Parish in Virginia, Philadelphia, 1907.

Smoot, Mrs. Betty Carter (McGuire), Days in an Old Town, Alexandria, Virginia, 1934. Privately printed.

Snowden, Samuel, The Laws of the Corporation of The Town of Alexandria from 1779 to 1811. Alexandria, 1811.

Snowden, W.H., Some Old Historical Landmarks, Philadelphia, 1894.

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Swem, Earl G., Virginia Historical Index, Roanoke, Va., 1934-36. 2 Vols.

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Wilkes, Marion R., Rosemont and Its Famous Daughter, mimeographed edition, 1947.

Wilstach, Paul, Mount Vernon, Garden City, N.Y., 1916.



Index

Acton, R.C., 44

Adam, James, 43

Adam, John, 43

Adam, Robert, 21, 25; disposition of property, 91; real estate transactions, 90, 157; Masonic activities, 91; migration to Virginia, 91

Adam silversmiths, 43f

Adam, William W., 43

Advertisements, 32, 40, 44, 69, 100, 102, 104, 188, 198, 204, 220, 235

Alexander, Charles Francis, 215

Alexander, Gerard, 5

Alexander, John, 3; donation of land to Christ Church, 132; real estate transactions, 169, 182, 242

Alexander, Philip, 5

Alexander, William Thornton, 182; real estate transactions, 217, 223, 242

Alexandria Academy, 25

Alexandria, Town of. See Town of Alexandria

Amusements, 28f

Anderson, James, 224

Apothecary Shop, 195f

Apprentices, 25

Architecture (See entry of specific structure); ability of citizens, 39; influence of English design, 40

Arrell, David, 182

Barcourt, Adolph, 111

Bakeries, 33

Balls, 29, 100

Barbee, David Rankin, 100

Bartle, Samuel, 215

Barton, Benjamin, 44

Beale, Howard, 226

Belhaven, name rejected, 12

Belle Haven, 4

Belvoir, settlement by Fairfax, 78; visitors to, 79

Berkeley, Sir William, 3

Bird, Thomas, 46

Black, Hon. & Mrs. Hugo L., 222

Bounties of land, 186

Braddock, Gen. Edward, 14; expedition, 16

Braddock House, 262

Brissot de Warville, 37

Brockett, Robert, 40, 140

Brook, James, 104

Brown, Dr. Gustavus, 192

Brown House, 119f; visitors to, 122

Brown, John, raid of, 196

Brown, John Douglas, 170

Brown, Ward, 161

Brown, Dr. William, antecedents, 120; civic services, 122; epitaph, 119; medical writings, 122; migration to Virginia, 120; necrology, 122; real estate transactions, 120; treasurer of Fire Company, 150

Building, delinquency in, 14

Buildings, municipal. See Public Works

Burke, John W., 76

Burnett, Charles, 44

Capital, National, establishment, 39. See also District of Columbia.

Capitol, cornerstone laid, 164

Captains' Row, 159

Captains' Walk, 244

Carlyle House, 62f; visitors to, 67

Carlyle, John, 5, 14, 17, 21; ability as architect, 39, 69; bequests, 67, 69; builds Christ Church, 132; civic services, 62, 64, 67f, 69; death, 69; mercantile activities, 64; real estate, 65

Carlyle, Sarah Fairfax, 67

Carlyle, Sybil West, 67

Caton, William, 104

Cazenove, Antoine Charles de, civic services, 246; migration to Virginia, 245

Chatham, 203

Christ Church, 131f; attended by R.E. Lee, 229; lands of, 226-227

Cincinnati, Society of the, 37

Circuses, 31

City Tavern. See Gadsby's Tavern

Civil War, effect on town, 48f

Claggett's Hotel, 242

Coachmaking, 42

Cockfights, 28

Coffee House. See Gadsby's Tavern

Cohen, William, 44

Committee of Safety, 35

Confederate States Army, contribution to, 48

Conway Cabal, 187

Cook, Joseph Francis, 215

Coryell, George, 40, 187; civic services, 188

Coryton, Josiah, 46

Cox, Mr. & Mrs. Hugh B., 112

Craik, George Washington, 190

Craik House, 184f

Craik, Dr. James, 47; antecedents, 184; attends Mrs. Washington, 194; attends Gen. Washington, 192; children of, 190; death, 194; migration to Virginia, 185; militia service, 185; real estate transactions, 187; Revolutionary services, 187

Crilly, Misses, 232

Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 75

Currency, use of pistoles, 9

Currie, James, 170

Customs, taboos, 223

Custis, George Washington Parke, 102

Custis, Nelly, 27

Custis, Washington, 204

Dade, Rev. Townsend, 135

Daingerfield, John B., acquires Lyceum, 256

Dalton, General, 112

Dalton House, 71f

Dalton, John, 14, 21; bequests, 71, 72; civic services, 71; mercantile activities, 71; real estate transactions, 71; visits by Washington, 72

Danna, Rev. Charles B., 136

Davis, Rev. Thomas, 135

Dawe, Philip, 43

Decatur House, bought by Gadsby, 111

De Cazenove. See Cazenove

De Kalb, Baron, 37

Delacour, Joshua, 42

De Lancey, Governor, 15

Delarue, Joseph, 43

Dick, Dr. Elisha Cullen, 28; attends Washington, 163, 192; Masonic services, 164; medical advice, 166; migration to Virginia, 162f; militia service, 164; real estate transactions, 170

Dick, Hannah Harmon, 163

Dinwiddie, Governor, 15

District of Columbia, cession of land to, 39; withdrawal from, 48

Dixon, John, real estate transactions, 114

Domestic economy, 31f

Doughton, Francis, 139

Dowdney, William, 43

Duffey, George, 44

Duffey, John, 44

Dulany, Benjamin, acquaintance with Washington, 173; behavior, 176; poem dedicated to, 178; steward of Jockey Club, 176

Dulany House, 173f

Dunmore, Governor, 35

Du Quesne, Fort, 16

Education, early, 22. See also Schools

English, Samuel, 170

Epidemics, 46, 164

Fairfax, Anne, 77

Fairfax, Bryan, 35, 77, 135

Fairfax, Deborah Gedney Clarke, 77

Fairfax family, antecedents, 77; contribution to Alexandria, 237; intermarriages of, 237

Fairfax, George, 5, 8

Fairfax, George William, 7, 77; aspersions on birth, 83; letter to Sally, 83; move to England, 84; real estate transactions, 88

Fairfax, Hannah, 77

Fairfax (George William) House, 87f

Fairfax, Henry, 77

Fairfax, Dr. Orlando, 235

Fairfax, Sally Cary, social activities, 79

Fairfax, Sarah Walker, 77

Fairfax, Thomas, 5, 53, 77; incensed with Washington, 34; real estate transactions, 234

Fairfax, William, 5, 8, 77; civic services, 78; Fairfax Street home, 60; migration to Virginia, 77; real estate transactions, 88, 157

Fairs, 31; source of income, 9

Fawcett, House, 162f

Female Stranger, legend of, 106f

Fire companies, 47

Fire engines, purchase of, 149f

Fire fighting techniques, 150

Fire insurance, list of properties covered, 154

Fires, 46

First Virginia Regiment, 186

Fitzhugh House, 202f

Fitzhugh, Mary Lee, 204

Fitzhugh, William, 7, 8, 202f; association with Washington, 203; bequests, 205; real estate transactions, 202

Fitzhugh, William Henry, 206

Fleming, Mary E., 207

Fleming, Thomas, 25, 40

Fowle, William, 40, 218

Fox hunting, 31

Frazer, Margaret, 160

Freemasons, Lodge of, 25, 91; contribution to, 106; entertains La Fayette, 110

French, hostile attitude of, 14

Friendship Fire Company, 150, 154

Fry, Joshua, 13

Gadsby, John, 99f; buys Decatur House, 111

Gadsby's Tavern, 242, 99f; fame of, 102; fare, 102; meetings held in, 103; patrons, 100f, 102; visit of Female Stranger, 106; Washington's association, 110f

Galt, James, 46

Galt, William, 46

Ganet, James, 44

Georgian Cottage, 217f

Ghost, of Spring Gardens, 201; of Swope House, 112f

Glebe lands, 226

Goat Castle, 137

Goldsborough, Anna Maria, 206

Goldsmiths. See Silversmiths

Gooch, Governor, 5

Governors, conference of, 15

Great Hunting Creek warehouse, 3

Green, Rev. Charles, 131

Green's Mansions, 262

Greetner, Margaret, 42

Gregory, William, 215

Griffith, Rev. David, 135

Hadsel, Mr. & Mrs. Fred Latimer, 210

Halket, Col. Peter, 15

Hallowell, Benjamin, 40, 208, 240; civic services, 251; describes La Fayette's visit, 247f; early difficulties, 248; financial difficulties, 250; migration to Virginia, 247; reputation grows, 251; sponsors Lyceum, 254

Hamilton, Mrs. Donald M., 246

Hansen, Samuel, 27

Hardware merchants, 44

Harper Houses, 156f

Harper, John, 91; civic services, 161; family history, 160; division of Fairfax property, 93; real estate transactions, 157, 160

Harrison, Mrs. Burton, 237

Harrison, Rev. Elias, 142

Herbert, William, 28

Hill, Mr. & Mrs. Malcolm Westcott, 259

Hodgson, William, disposition of Fairfax property, 96; migration to Virginia, 95; political offenses, 95; real estate transactions, 207

Hog, Peter, 13

Homes, designed layouts, 41

Hooe, James H., 166

Hooe, John Daingerfield, 258

Hooe, Robert Townsend, 255

Horse racing, 28, 176, 198

Horses, importation of, 29, 69

Hough, John, real estate transactions, 157

Houses, distinguished: Apothecary Shop, 195f; Braddock House, 262; Brown House, 119f; Captains' Row, 159; Carlyle House, 62f; Christ Church, 131f; Coffee House, 99; Craik House, 184f; Dalton House, 71f; Dulany House, 173f; Fairfax House, 87f; Fawcett House, 162f; Fitzhugh House, 202f; Gadsby's Tavern, 99f; Harper Houses, 156f; La Fayette-Lawrason-Cazenove House, 239f; Lee House, 225f; Lloyd House, 248; Married Houses, 71f; Marsteller House, 25; Peruke Shop, 127f; Presbyterian Meetinghouse, 139f; Ramsay House, 52f; Sea Captain's Daughter's House, 259f; Sea Captains' Houses, 159; Spring Gardens, 197f; Stratford Hall, 93; Swope House, 112f; Thompson House, 71f; Vowell-Snowden House, 222f; Washington Public School, 25; Yeaton-Fairfax House, 232f

Howsing, Robert, 3

Huges, Benjamin, 215

Hussey, Melissa Ann (Wood), 259f

Hussey, Capt. Samuel Bancroft, 259

Imports, 33f

Indians, hostile attitude of, 14

Industries, 42

Janney, John, 46

Jefferson, Thomas, ability as architect, 39

Jewelers, 44

Jockey Club, 29, 198; Washington's disagreement with, 176

Johns, Bishop, 136

Johnson, Alexious, 215

Johnson, Thomas, 47

Johnston, George, 14, 21, 53

Jones, Charles, 42

Jones, John Paul, 37

Joynt, Mr. & Mrs. John Howard, 173, 183

Keith, Rev. Isaac Stockton, 140

Klipstein, George T., 215

Knox, Henry, letter from Washington, 213

Korell, Mr. & Mrs. Franklin F., 225

Ladd, John Gardner, 96

La Fayette, Marquis de, 37; entertained by Masonic lodge, 110; toast to town, 49; visit to Alexandria, 176, 239; visit described by Hallowell, 247f; visit to Henry Lee, 208; visit to Lawrason home, 239f

La Fayette-Lawrason-Cazenove House, 239f

Lamphire, Going, 39

Latrobe, Benjamin H., 183

Laundries, 42

Lawrason, Mrs. Elizabeth, 44, 242

Lawrason family, origin of, 244

Lawrason House, visit of La Fayette to, 239f

Lawrason, James, 242

Lawrason, John, 46

Leadbeater, Mr., 195

Lear, Tobias, 192

Lee, Arthur, bequest, 226; civic services, 225f

Lee, Cassius, 134, 227

Lee, Charles, 227; real estate transactions, 226

Lee, Edmund (I.) Jennings, 28; bequests, 227; civic services, 227; real estate transactions, 226, 227; visitor to Mount Vernon, 226

Lee (Edmund Jennings) House, 225f

Lee, Francis, 21

Lee family, connection with Mount Vernon, 226

Lee, Henry ("Light Horse Harry"), 37, 208

Lee, Ludwell, 28

Lee, Mary Custis, 208

Lee, Robert Edward, 27, 196, 202f, 227; accepts Confederate command, 229; association with Lloyds, 252; attends Hallowell school, 248; confirmed at Christ Church, 136; member of Christ Church, 229; resigns from Army, 229

Lee, Thomas, 93

Lee, William, civic services, 93

Lewis, Lawrence, 27

Lewis, Lorenzo, 27

Library, municipal, 255

Lloyd family, association with Lees, 252; idiosyncrasies, 253

Lloyd House, 248

Lloyd, John, 251

Lodge, Henry Cabot, description of Virginia society, 225

Lodging, cost of, 197

London Company, 3

Lots, auction of, 7f; division of town into, 6; prices paid for, 9

Lotteries, source of income, 9, 21

Lyceum, municipal, 254f; sold to Daingerfields, 256

Lyle, William, 92; civic services, 92; mercantile activities, 92

Lynn, Adam, 44

MacCrea, Mrs. Donald, 237

MacKenzie, Lewis, 96

Madison, James, comment on immigrants, 52

Makemie, Francis, 139

Married Houses, 71f

Marshburn, Mrs. Herbert E., 71

Marsteller House, 25

Mason, George, 7, 53; ability as architect, 39

Matthews, Miss Frona, 60

McGuire, Dr. Hugh, 258

McGuire, Sara J., 258

McIver, Colin, real estate transactions, 130

McKenzey, William, 170

Meade, Rev. William, 136

Mercer, George, 188

Merchants, activities of, 42

Meredith, Reese, letter to Washington, 157

Merryman, Joshua, 42

Militia, attachment to Braddock's command, 16; composition, 14

Miller, Mordecai, 44

Moncure, Rev. John, real estate transactions, 127

Moore, Col. & Mrs. Charles B., 87, 99, 215

Moore family, 127; acquisition of Sewell property, 130

Moore, Cleon, 27

Morris, Governor, 15

Morris, Gouverneur, 236

Morris, Patsy J., 236

Mount Vernon, associated with Lee family, 226; funds hidden, 76; visitors to, 57f, 120

Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 75

Muir, Rev. James, 140; burial of, 141

Murray, Mrs. Alexander, 112

Murry, John, 189

Murry, Patrick, real estate transactions, 169

Mutual Assurance Society, 154

New Theatre, 28

Newspapers, 28; Alexandria Gazette, oldest, 222

Newton, William, 170

O'Conner, Eliza Harriot, 27

Organ, Christ Church, 136

Orme, Lt. Robert, 15

Osborne, Richard, 5

Pagan, John, 5

Pain, William, 40

Parsons, James, 39; builds Christ Church, 132

Pastors, distinguished, 135f

Patterson, James, 39

Patton, James, 217; indebtedness, 218

Peake, Col. W.H., 201

Peruke Shop, 127f

Peterkin, Constance Lee, 134

Pew marker, Washington's, 134

Pickens, Mrs. Andrew, 217

Piper, John, 46

Pistole, use in Colony, 9

Pittman, John, 44

Pohick Church, 134

Port of Alexandria, activity, 33; decline in activity, 46f; importance of, 17f

Porter, Thomas, 28

Potomac Navigation Company, 47f

Potomac River, navigation of, 47

Potts, John, 202

Powell, Mary G., 25, 161, 211, 222

Powell, Molly Gregory, 134

Presbyterian Cemetery, 146

Presbyterian Manse, 40

Presbyterian Meetinghouse, 39, 69, 139f

Public works, 12, 21

Publishers, 42

Railroads, 48

Ramsay, Alexander, 52

Ramsay, Ann McCarty, memorial to, 61; patriotic activities, 55

Ramsay House, 52f

Ramsay, William, 5, 14, 17, 21; activities of sons, 56f; bequests, 59; civic services, 54; family, 55; funeral, 60; initial founder, 52f; letter to Dennis, 56; memorial to, 60; mercantile activities, 53; real estate transactions, 55, 114f, 130

Reese, Mrs. Robert M., 99, 195

Relief Fire Company, 150

Religious tolerance, 139

Revolution, aftermath of, 34

Ricketts, John Thomas, 170

Riddle, Joseph, 28, 46

Roberts, Reuben, 259

Robinson, Joseph, 188

Rochambeau, Count de, 37

Rochefoucauld, Duc de la, 39

Rogers, Walter G., 215

Roofers, 46

Rush, Dr. Benjamin, 56, 162

Saint Mary's Church, 255

Saint Paul's Church, 183

Salkeld, Henry, 9

Sandford, Edward, 43

Sayers, Dr. & Mrs. R.R., 203

Scheffer, Lloyd L., 62

Schools, 22, 141; Hallowell's, 247f

Scott, Gen. Winfield, 196

Sea Captain's Daughter's House, 259f

Sea Captains' Houses, 159

Servants, 31, 128

Seventeenth Virginia Infantry, 48, 258

Sewell, William, indebtedness, 128; real estate mortgaged, 130; real estate purchases, 128

Sharpe, Governor, 15

Sheen, Gordon, 112

Shipbuilding, 18

Shippen, Dr. William, 162

Shipping. See Port of Alexandria

Shirley, Governor, 15

Short, John, 46, 188

Shreve, Benjamin, 242

Shuter's Hill, anonymous poem, 178f

Silversmiths, 42

Sinclair, Mrs. C.A.S., 99

Slaves, 115, 164, 165, 262

Smith, William, 170

Smoot, Mr. & Mrs. W.A., 253

Snowden, Edgar, civic services, 222

Snowden, Samuel, 222

Spaatz, Gen. Carl, 188

Sports, 31

Spring Gardens, 197f

Stabler, Edward, 195

Star Fire Company, 154

Stratford Hall, 93

Stuart, Dr. David, 27

Stuart, Lt. J.E.B., 196

Sun Fire Company, 147f; membership, 151

Swope House, 112f

Swope, Michael, civic services, 116; migration to Alexandria, 117; real estate transactions, 117

Taverns, fame of, 197

Taylor, E.P., 42

Taylor, George, 218

Taylor, J. Frank, 215

Taylor, Lawrence B., 223

Taylor, Robert I., 104, 183, 218

Theatres, erection of, 28

Thom, Rev. William, 140

Thompson House, 71f

Thompson, Jonah, 28; real estate transactions, 74

Tobacco, supplanted by wheat, 32; use as exchange, 4, 17

Tolley, Hon. & Mrs. Howard R., 119, 126

Town of Alexandria, building of, 9f; capital of West Virginia, 48; decline and resurgence, 46f; early growth, 17f; effect of Civil War, 48; effect of War of 1812, 47f; enlargement, 21; establishment, 5; genesis, 3f; name adopted, 12; paradox of location, 49; part of federal district, 39; post-Revolution building, 40; re-ceded to Virginia, 48

Towns, colonial, authority asked to erect, 5

Tradesmen, activities of, 42

Trott, Mr. & Mrs. Harlan, 210

Turner, Charles, 43

Twining, Thomas, 39

Van Braam, Jacob, 13

Virginia Bill of Rights, 103

Virginia Colony, development of, 3f

Vowell, John Cripps, 160

Vowell-Snowden House, 222f

Vowell, Thomas Jr., 160; real estate transactions, 223

Warren, Anne, 110

Washington, Augustine, 7, 14; letter to Lawrence, 7; real estate transactions, 114

Washington, city of. See District of Columbia

Washington, George, 7; ability as architect, 39; activities as farmer, 32; advice to Braddock, 16; association with Fitzhughs, 203; attends Ramsay funeral, 61; bequests, 193, 212, 214; association with Fairfaxes, 78f; disposition of real estate, 215; domestic purchases, 19f; education as surveyor, 79; elected town trustee, 21; encourages navigation, 47; envisions waterways, 186; last illness, 192; letter from Meredith, 157; letter to Cary & Company, 18; letter to Knox, 213; letters to Sally Fairfax, 82, 85; Masonic funeral, 140; mercantile interests, 212; necrology, 230; patron of Gadsby's, 110f; patron of learning, 25; patron of Spring Gardens, 200; pew marker saved, 134; real estate transactions, 210f; resigns commission, 14; service as vestryman, 134; steward of Jockey Club, 29; supervises Fairfax interests, 84; tenements owned by, 210; tomb designed by Yeaton, 237; visit to French commandant, 13; warned of Cabal, 187

Washington, George Steptoe, 27

Washington, John Augustine, 76

Washington, Lawrence, 5, 7, 53

Washington, Lawrence Augustine, 27; real estate transactions, 215

Washington, Lund, 35

Washington, Martha, 35; attended by Dr. Craik, 194; letter to Betty Ramsay, 58

Washington Public School, 25

Washington, Robert W., 215

Washington, Samuel, 27

Watchmakers, 44

Watson, Josiah, 28

Weld, Isaac, 39

West, Anne, 188

West, Hugh, 4, 5

West, John, 8, 17

West, Thomas Wade, 28

West Virginia, town becomes capital of, 48

Weylie, John, 27

Wheat, supplants tobacco, 32

Wheat brokers, 32

Widows, fashion affecting, 253

Wilkinson, Thomas, 242

Williams, William A., 44

Wilson, Daniel, 188

Wise, John, 99f

Wise, N.S., 104

Wood, Melissa Ann Hussey, 259f

Wood, Robert Lewis, 262

Wormley, Ralph, 7

Wren, James, 40; designs Christ Church, 132

Wren, William, 25

Yates Tavern. See Spring Gardens

Yeaton, William, 40; designs Washington's Tomb, 237; migration to Virginia, 232; real estate transactions, 232, 234

Yeaton, William C., 207

Yeaton-Fairfax House, 232f

Yellow fever epidemic, 46

Zimmerman, Henry, 226

THE END