"Rattlesnake." American brig of war. Particulars of cruise of, ii. 231-233.

Reeves. British writer on the Navigation Laws, quoted, i. 14, 15, 17, 19, 23, 25, 39 (note).

"Reindeer." British sloop of war. Captured by "Wasp," ii. 254.

Riall, Phineas. British general, commanding on Niagara frontier, December, 1813. Captures Fort Niagara, and raids successfully western New York, burning towns in retaliation for the burning of Newark, ii. 120-122; in 1814, suggests destruction of Fort Niagara, 275; at Chippewa and Lundy's Lane, with intervening operations, 295-298, 306-310; wounded and captured at Lundy's Lane, 310.

Rodgers, John. Captain, U.S.N. Encounter with British sloop "Little Belt," i. 256-259; commands a squadron at declaration of war, 314; opinion as to proper mode of using navy against enemy's commerce, 317-320; ii. 130-131, 216; orders of Navy Department to, 320; sails with squadron on the first cruise of the war, 322; incidents, 323-324, and effects, direct and indirect, of first cruise of, 324-327; effects of second cruise, 402-404; incidents of second cruise, with "President" and "Congress," 407-409; incidents of third cruise, in "President" alone, ii. 128-129; after fourth cruise, enters New York, and turns over command of "President" to Decatur, i. 405. Employed in Potomac River, harassing retreat of British squadron from Alexandria, 350.

Rose, George H. British special envoy to Washington for settlement of "Chesapeake" affair, i. 165-167; failure of mission, 167.

Ross, Robert. British general employed in Chesapeake expedition. Instructions issued to, ii. 331; capture of Washington, 340-351; killed in advance against Baltimore, 357; instructions to, for New Orleans expedition, 385-386; sanguine expectations of, after capture of Washington, 424-425; succeeded by Sir Edward Pakenham for New Orleans expedition, 392, 427.

Rottenburg, De. British general in command on Niagara frontier June, 1813, ii. 69; declines to detach to aid of Procter and Barclay on Lake Erie, 69; proceeds to Kingston, with re-enforcements, in anticipation of American attack, 110-111; despatches detachment in pursuit of Wilkinson's movement down the St. Lawrence, 114.

Russell, Jonathan. American charge d'affaires in France, after Armstrong's departure, i. 247; correspondence with American and French Governments relative to the alleged repeal of the French Decrees, quoted, 247, 267, 268; transferred as charge to London, 264; correspondence as such with American and British Governments, quoted, 264, 266, 272-278; opinion of the alleged French Decree of April 28, 1811, 272, 276; negotiation with Castlereagh, after declaration of war, looking to suspension of hostilities, ii. 409-411; appointed additional peace commissioner at Ghent, 413.

Russia. Offers in 1812 mediation between Great Britain and United States, ii. 411; accepted by United States, but rejected by Great Britain, 412; attitude of Czar towards America, 423-124, 428.

Sackett's Harbor. American naval station on Lake Ontario. Conditions at, i. 302, 309, 363, 374, 376; ii. 37, 38, 50, 104-106, 110-113, 119, 276, 278, 280, 281, 291, 304; ships constructed at, 364, 366, 377; ii. 49, 276, 283, 291, 318 (note); attack upon, by Prevost and Yeo, ii. 42-45; Brown's march from, to Niagara frontier, 281; Yeo's blockade of, 285, abandoned, 290; Izard's march to, on way to support Brown at Niagara, 319-320; Chauncey retires finally to, after launch of the British "St. Lawrence," 323; destruction of, prescribed to Prevost by instructions, in 1814, 329, 362; Yeo's observations at, 318 (note).

Seaboard, United States. Conditions on, i. 296-298, 300, 310-313, 360, 393, 404-406; ii. 15-19, 24-27, 127-128, 148-150, 152-155, 202; Chesapeake and Delaware Bays, 1813, ii. 155-178; three divisions of the seaboard, Northern, Middle, and Southern, 178; distinctive topographical features of each, 178, 179, 183, 184, 193, 195; proportionate effect of the war upon each, with reasons therefor, 179-183; commercial and military characteristics of Middle section, 183-184; necessity of coasting trade to Middle, 184, less than to Northern and Southern, 185-187; effect of hostile pressure upon coasting in Northern section, 192-194; in Southern section, 195-198, 203; effectual separation between the sections by the British blockades, 198-201; statistics of export, 201; momentary importance of North Carolina coast, 203; effects of pressure upon seaboard shown by rebound upon peace, in prices, and in shipping statistics, 204-207; statement by a naval officer of the time, 207-208; operations in Chesapeake Bay, 1814, 336-341, 350-351; capture of Washington, 341-350; occurrences on New England coast, 352; invasion of Maine, and occupation of Castine, 353-354; Gulf coast and New Orleans, 382-397.

Scott, Winfield. American general. Quoted, i. 336; ii. 48, 104 (note), 118, 240 (note), 297; joins Wilkinson's expedition down the St. Lawrence, ii. 113; on Niagara frontier, in 1814, 279, 281, 282; battle of Chippewa, 294-298; Lundy's Lane, 306-311; severely wounded, 311, and unable to serve again during the campaign, 314; president of the Court of Inquiry concerning the capture of Washington, 341-342.

"Shannon." British frigate, blockading off New York. Pursuit of "Constitution," and protection of convoy, i. 325-329; admirable efficiency of, under Captain Broke, 133-134; capture of "Chesapeake" by, 135-145; reported injuries to, 146-147.

Sheffield, Lord. British writer on economical questions. Conspicuous opponent of Pitt's policy in opening West India trade to American navigation, i. 50; leading constructive ideas of, in scheme of policy towards the United States, 63-64, 65-66; success of, in preventing Pitt's measure, 67, 68; Gibbon's estimate of, 73 (note); apparent temporary success of policy of, 75-79; Canada and the other North-American colonies fail to fulfil the part expected from them, 86; pamphlet of, "Observations on the Commerce of the American States," 65; quotations from, i. 28 (note), 31 (note), 37 (and note), 46, 47, 49, 50, 57, 65, 72.

Sherbrooke, Sir John. British general, Governor of Nova Scotia. Ordered to occupy so much of Maine as shall insure direct communication between Halifax and Quebec, ii. 353; expedition to the Penobscot, and seizure of Castine and Machias, 354; Wellington's opinion of the result, 354, 431.

Sinclair, Arthur. Commander, U.S.N., commanding on Upper Lakes, in 1814, ii. 324; operations of, 324-328; mentioned, 333.

Smith, Adam. Quoted in connection with the Navigation Act, i. 9-10, 49.

Smith, Robert. American Secretary of State during early part of Madison's first term, i. 222; correspondence with, and in the case of, Jackson, the British minister to Washington, 222-228; attributes to Madison's intervention an offensive expression in letter to Erskine, 228-229.

Smith, Samuel. Senator from Maryland. Quoted in connection with Embargo legislation, i. 184.

Stewart, Charles. Captain, U.S.N. Commands "Constellation," ii. 11, when driven into Norfolk, and there blockaded for the rest of the war, 12; his reports while in Norfolk waters, 10, 17, 160-162; transferred to the "Constitution," at Boston, 161, 162; difficulty in escaping from Boston, 147 (see also i. 405 and ii. 12); first cruise in "Constitution," 230-231; second escape, 404; captures "Cyane" and "Levant," 405-406; quoted, ii. 12, 20.

Strong, Caleb. Governor of Massachusetts. Quoted, in support of British claim to impress, i. 7; in condemnation of the war, and of the invasion of Canada, ii. 352.

St. Vincent, Earl of. British admiral and First Lord of the Admiralty. Statements and opinions concerning impressment, during Rufus King's negotiations, i. 124-126.

Turreau, General. French Minister to the United States. Opinion that Erskine's concessions showed the break-down of Great Britain, i. 230.

Vincent, John. British general, commanding on Niagara line, at the time of Dearborn's attack, ii. 38; retreat to Burlington, 39; attack by, at Stony Creek, 46; on American retreat reoccupies peninsula, except Fort George, 47-48; superseded by De Rottenburg, Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, 69; left again in command by De Rottenburg's departure to Kingston, 110; retreats again to Burlington on the news of battle of the Thames, 103, 118; ordered to retire further, to York, and reasons for not doing so, 118.

Warren, Sir John. British admiral, and commander-in-chief on North American station, i. 387; Halifax and West Indian stations consolidated under, 387; charged with diplomatic overture to American Government, 390; reply received by, 391; first impressions on arrival, 392; representations to, 401, and correspondence with, Admiralty, 402-404; proclamations of blockades, ii. 9, 10; the lakes service under supervision of, 28; expectations of British Government and people from, 151; operations in the Chesapeake, 155-169; quits Chesapeake for the season, 177; urgency of the Admiralty upon, 209-211; relieved by Cochrane, 330. Remark quoted, 332.

Warrington, Lewis. Commander, U.S.N., commanding "Peacock." Captures "Epervier," ii. 258-261; subsequent cruise, 261-262; later cruise, 406-408.

Washington, City of. Capture by the British, ii. 337-350.

Washington, George. Statements concerning conditions in the United States before the adoption of the Constitution, i. 47; as President of the United States, recommendations concerning the navy, ii. 212-213.

"Wasp." American sloop of war. Action with, and capture of, "Frolic," i. 411-415; is captured with her prize by the "Poictiers," seventy-four, 415.

"Wasp." American sloop of war, built and named for the last, which was captured only by overwhelming force. Cruise of, ii. 253-258; action with, and capture of, "Reindeer," 254; action with, and sinking of, "Avon," 256; disappears at sea, 257.

Wellesley, Marquis of. British Secretary for Foreign Affairs. Succeeds Canning, i. 229; treatment of the Jackson case, 230-231, 250-252; action in view of Champagny's letter, 238, 241-247; construction placed by him upon the American demands consequent on that letter, 246; dilatory actions of, 252; suggests to Pinkney to reconsider his intended departure, in view of the nomination of Foster, 252; summary statement of the British policy in the Orders in Council, 253-254.

Wellington, Duke of. Represents to British Government conditions in France, 1814, ii. 428, and imminence of trouble in Paris, 429; anxiety of British Government, to remove him from Paris, 429; pressed to accept the command in America, 429; reluctance of, 430; influence of, upon the negotiations at Ghent, 430-431; approves Prevost's retreat in default of naval command of the lakes, 430-431; opinion of Sherbrooke's occupation of Maine, 431 (see also 354).

West Indies. Relations of, to the mother country and to the colonies of the American continent, i. 32-40, 53-55, 56-58, 65-67; British expectation that in these relations the lost colonies might be replaced by Canada, Nova Scotia, etc., 44-48, 50-51, 64; sufferings of, after 1776 and 1783, 54, 62-63, 67; Pitt's measure, 1783, for benefit of, 58-60; measure fails, and Navigation Acts applied to intercourse between United States and, 68-70; effect upon, 75, 78, 79; recommendations of Committee of Privy Council, 1791, 82-84; increased importance of, after outbreak of French Revolution, 86-88; result, in fettering American intercourse with, 89, 95; concession to United States of trade to, obtained in Jay's treaty, 96; continued by British executive order, although article not confirmed by Senate, 97; course of British policy relating to, until 1805, 97-100; question of American trade from, "direct" or "indirect," raised in 1805, 100; decision adverse to American interests, 101-103; object of new departure of British Government, 103; principle asserted identical with colonial practice, and with Orders in Council of 1807, which led to War of 1812, 104. As a field for operations against commerce, ii. 229-240.

Wilkinson, James. American general. Replaces Dearborn in command of New York frontier, ii. 104; Armstrong's instructions to, 105; movements of, 106; concentrates at Sackett's Harbor, 109-111; expedition down St. Lawrence against Montreal, 112-115; failure of, and winter quarters at French Mills, 116; removes thence to Plattsburg, 278; abortive attempt against La Colle, 282-283; superseded by Izard, 283.

Winder, William H. American general. Captured in the British attack at Stony Creek, ii. 47, 341; appointed to command the tenth military district, including Baltimore and Washington, 341; conditions found by, as shown by Court of Inquiry, 342; operations of, 343-350.

Woolsey, Melancthon T. Lieutenant (afterwards captain), U.S.N. Commands brig "Oneida" on Lake Ontario when war begins, i. 354; employed organizing lake force, 364; affairs at Oswego, 1813, ii. 50-51; successful expedition by, in 1814, 285-289.

Yeo, Sir James Lucas. British commodore. Appointed to charge of lakes service, under Sir J. Warren, ii. 29; attack on Sackett's Harbor, in combination with army, 42-45; in temporary control of Lake Ontario, 46-51; contest with Chauncey in 1813, 51-61; action of August 10, 56-59, and September 11, 60; action of September 28, 106-109; subsequent movements in 1813, 111, 114; proposed renewed attack on Sackett's Harbor, 280, 283; made on Oswego instead, 284; blockades Sackett's Harbor for a time, 285-289; abandons blockade, returns to Kingston, and there remains, 290; opinion of the importance of the St. Lawrence River, 292; inactive policy during summer of 1814, 303, 307; launches, and takes the lake with, a ship of 102 guns, giving him entire control, 323; observations at Sackett's Harbor, on his return to England after peace, 318 (note); given independent command on lakes after Warren's detachment, 330.

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