SEC. 8. The application of any known machinery or matter of combination of machinery, or matter to new purposes or old purposes after a new method, or any means by which useful results are to be more advantageously produced than formerly, shall be the subject of a patent.

SEC. 9. A method, plan, design, or any new and useful idea, which can be defined, shall be the subject of a patent.

SEC. 10. A simple change of form shall not entitle any one to evade the patent of any inventor by a new patent.

The above are the principal improvements desired by inventors. Some think it not well to ask for all they want at once, but we think differently, for it will be said hereafter, when new amendments are desired, 'Gentlemen, you petitioned for the very provisions you now seek to have annulled. Your own committee was here at Washington assenting.' What answer will there be to this? None can be made without confusion of face for having over assented to a wrong.

We do not desire to censure the committee charged with the mission to Washington.—They have thought to act prudently and for the greatest good. We differ only on the real expediency of the case. We do not believe that such men as Benton, Calhoun, and other kindred spirits, ask or desire anything but what they think is right.

They will not sacrifice their reputation against a body of men to whom the Republic owe so much, and who have so long suffered in silence. The law as it now stands, is an improvement on the former law, and considering how low was the state of morals in former times respecting inventors, such sentiments as have been advanced by Judge Woodbury, and which are in spirit the same as the above, are destined ultimately to prevail. And those who choose to record their names in opposition are free to do so, as are also the tribe of persecutors who in all ages have stoned the prophets.

The principle endeavored to be followed throughout, is that of the common and statutes laws respecting the rights to real property. It may tend to create litigation, as to claims which are now refused entirely, but if no litigation or less is the grand desideratum, why not establish a dictatorship at once? The ipse dixit of one man will then prevent all argument. But the rights of property and jury trial in all cases are ours by the constitution—and equally are we entitled by the constitution to the pursuit of happiness and wealth in aerial regions as on the common earth—and if we may not be divested of our other property without certain laws and a fair jury trial, why should we be of patent property? And if patent agents presume to beguile honest inventors, why should they not be held responsible? They may refuse to back their operation by a guaranty, but then the inventor has a right to know it, and to know he has a remedy, should they do so improperly. The Clerk of one of our Courts guarantied the searches of one of his Clerks as to a piece of real property, and had to pay some ten thousand dollars, and why should it not be so.

When a tailor makes a coat he warrants it to fit, and when a surgeon sets a leg unscientifically he is also responsible in damages to his patient, and as is an attorney for negligent practice. Holding examiners responsible will leave the patent office open to the filing of new claims at the same time that it will prevent a world of litigation, favoritism and corruption.

We are not striking at our present worthy Commissioner, Mr. Burke. We are friendly to him. But the more honest a man may be, the sooner will he find himself displaced, if the office he holds may be used to grasp a vast amount of patronage and property.'

ADVERTISEMENTS.

[**hand pointing right]This paper circulates in every State in the Union, and is seen principally by mechanics and manufacturers. Hence it may be considered the best medium of advertising, for those who import or manufacture machinery, mechanics tools, or such wares and materials as are generally used by those classes. The few advertisements in this paper are regarded with much more attention than those in closely printed dailies.

Advertisements are inserted in this paper at the following rates:

One square, of eight lines one insertion, $ 0 50 " " " " two do., 75 " " " " three do., 1 00 " " " " one month, 1 25 " " " " three do., 3 75 " " " " six do., 7 50 " " " " twelve do., 15 00

TERMS:—CASH IN ADVANCE.

* * * * *

GENERAL AGENTS

FOR THE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN.

New York City, Geo. Dexter " " Wm. Taylor & Co. Boston, Messrs. Hotchkiss & Co. Philadelphia, Messrs. Colon & Adriance.

LOCAL AGENTS.

Albany, Peter Cook. Baltimore, Md., S. Sands. Cabotville, Mass., E. F. Brown. Hartford, Ct., E. H. Bowers. Lynn, Mass., J. E. F. Marsh. Middletown, Ct., Wm. Woodward. Norwich, Ct., Safford & Parks. New Haven, Ct., E. Downes. New Bedford, Mass., Wm. Robinson & Co. Newark, N.J. J. L. Agens. Patterson, N.J., L. Garside. Providence, R.I., H. & J. S. Rowe. Springfield, Mass., Wm. B. Brocket. Salem, Mass., L. Chandler. Troy, N.Y., A. Smith. Taunton. Mass., W. P. Seaver. Worcester, Mass., S. Thompson. Boston, Jordon & Wiley. Newark, N. J., Robert Rashaw. Williamsburgh, J. C. Gander.

TRAVELLING AGENTS.

O. D. Davis, John Stoughton, John Murray, Sylvester Dierfenorf.

CITY CARRIERS.

Clark Selleck, Squire Selleck, Nathan Selleck.

Persons residing in the city of Brooklyn, can have the paper left at their residences regularly, by sending their address to the office, 128 Fulton st., 2d. floor.

AMERICAN AND FOREIGN PATENT AGENCY.

No. 23 Chambers street, New York.

JOSEPH H. BAILEY, Engineer and Agent for procuring Patents, will prepare all the necessary Specifications, Drawings, &c. for applicants for Patents, in the United States or Europe. Having the experience of a number of years in the business, and being connected with a gentleman of high character and ability in England, he has facilities for enabling inventors to obtain their Patents at home or abroad, with the least expense and trouble.

The subscriber, being practically acquainted with all the various kinds of Drawing used, is able to represent Machinery, Inventions, or Designs of any kind, either by Authographic Drawing, or in Isometrical, Parallel, or True Perspective, at any angle best calculated to show the construction of the Machinery of Design patented.

To those desiring Drawings or Specifications, Mr. B. has the pleasure of referring to Gen. Wm. Gibbs McNiel, Civil Engineer, Prof. Renwick, Columbia College, Prof. Morse, Jno. Lee.

Residence, No. 10 Carroll Place; office, No. Chambers street. oct10 tf

* * * * *

BLACK LEAD POTS!—The subscriber offers for sales, in lots to suit purchasers, a superior article of BLACK LEAD POTS, that can be used without annealing. The price is low, and founders are requested to make a trial. SAMUEL C. HILLS,

45to2ndv6 Patent Agent, 12 Platt street.

STATE OF NEW YORK.

Secretary's Office, Albany, July 24, 1846.

To the Sheriff of the City and County of New York: Sir—Notice is hereby given, that at the next General Election, to be held on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday of November next, the following officers are to be elected, to wit:—A Governor and Lieutenant Governor of this State. 2 Canal Commissioners, to supply the place of Jonas Earll, junior, and Stephen Clark, whose terms of office will expire on the last day of December next. A Senator for the First Senatorial District, to supply the vacancy which will accrue by the expiration of the term of service of John A. Lott on the last day of December next. A Representative in the 30th Congress of the United States for the Third Congressional District, consisting of the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th and 5th Wards of the City of New York. Also a Representative in the said Congress for the Fourth Congressional District, consisting of the 6th, 7th, 10th and 13th Wards of said City. Also a Representative in the said Congress for the Fifth Congressional District, consisting of the 8th, 9th and 14th Wards of said city. And also a Representative in the said Congress for the Sixth Congressional District, consisting of the 11th, 12th, 15th, 16th, 17th and 18th Wards of said City.

Also the following officers for the said County, to wit: 16 Members of Assembly, a Sheriff in the place of William Jones, whose term of service will expire on the last day of December next. A County Clerk in the place of James Connor, whose term of service will expire on the last day of December next, and a Coroner in the place of Edmund G. Rawson, whose term of service will expire on the last day of December next.

Yours, respectfully, N. S. BENTON, Secretary of State.

* * * * *

Sheriff's Office, New York, August 3d, 1846.

The above is published pursuant to the notice of the Secretary of State and the requirements of the statute in such case made and provided for.

WM. JONES, Sheriff of the City and County of New York.

All the public newspapers in the County will publish the above once in each week until election, and then hand in their bills so that they may be laid before the Board of Supervisors, and passed for payment.

See Revised Statutes, vol. 1, chap. vi. title 3d, article 3d—part 1st, page 140. aug18

BRASS FOUNDRY.

JAMES KENNEARD & CO. respectfully inform their friends and the public that they are prepared to furnish all orders for Brass and Composition Castings, and finishing in general at the shortest possible notice.

N.B. All orders for Rail Road, Factory and Steamboat work from any distance, will be thankfully received and attended to with despatch and on reasonable terms.

Patterns made to order. JAMES KENNEARD & CO. oct. 10 3m* 27 1-2 Chrystie st. New York.

NOTICE—R. C. WETMORE & CO. RETURN their thanks to the Fire Department & Police, for the zealous exertions used by them in saving the property in the store No. 85 Water street, at the fire this evening.

R. C. Wetmore & Co. desire especially to acknowledge the aid of his honor the Mayor, in preserving their books and papers.

Tuesday Night.

PROSPER M. WETMORE, Navy Agent, begs to return his grateful acknowledgment to his Honor the Mayor, the members of the Fire Department, and Municipal Police, for the assistance rendered him in saving all the books and papers of the Navy Agency from the fire this evening, Tuesday night.

NOTICE.

The Office of the Navy Agent is removed for the present to the back office of the store No. 11 Broad street.

PROSPER M. WETMORE, Navy Agent. All city papers please copy, and send bill. o10 3t

* * * * *

NEW IMPROVEMENT.—M. H. Mansfield, of Mifflintown, Juniata Co., Pennsylvania, has invented a new CLOVER HULLING MACHINE, which is one of the best inventions of the kind now in use. This machine will hull forty bushels of seed per day. Persons wishing to manufacture them can procure the right on moderate terms from the inventor. For further particulars, address.

MARTIN H. MANSFIELD, oct.3 3t* Mifflintown, Juniata Co. Pa.

* * * * *

COPPER SMITH!—The subscriber takes this method of informing the public that he is manufacturing Copper Work of every description. Particular attention is given to making and repairing LOCOMOTIVE tubes. Those at a distance, can have any kind of work made to drawings, and may ascertain costs, &c., by addressing L. R. BAILEY, cor. of West and Franklin sts., N. Y.

N.B.—Work shipped to any part of the country.

45to2dv18*

* * * * *

ELECTRICITY.

SMITH'S CELEBRATED TORPEDO, OR VIBRATING ELECTRO MAGNETIC MACHINE

—This instrument differs from those in ordinary use, by having a third connection with the battery, rendering them much more powerful and beneficial. As a curious Electrical Machine, they should be in the possession of every one, while their wonderful efficacy as a medical agent, renders them invaluable. They are used with extraordinary success, for the following maladies.

Rheumatism—Palsy, curvature of the Spine, Chronic Diseases, Tic-doloureaux, Paralysis Tubercula of the brain, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, sick-headache.

Toothache—St Vitus dance, Epilepsy, Fevers, diseases of the eye, nose, antrum, throat, muscles, cholera, all diseases of the skin, face, &c.

Deafness—Loss of voice, Bronchitis, Hooping cough.

These machines are perfectly simple and conveniently managed. The whole apparatus is contained in a little box 8 inches long, by 4 wide and deep. They may be easily sent to any part of the United States. To be had at the office of the Scientific American, 128 Fulton st, 2nd floor, (Sun building) where they may be seen IN OPERATION, at all times of the day and evening. 2

* * * * *

GOLD PENS!!—In consequence of the increased facility afforded by machinery for the manufacture of my GOLD PENS, I am enabled to furnish them to the Trade, at a much less price than they have heretofore obtained them through my Agent.

Those purchasing direct of the manufacturer will have the double advantage of the lowest market price, and the privilege of returning those that are imperfect. In connection with the above, I am manufacturing the usual style of PENHOLDER, together with my PATENT EXTENSION PENHOLDER with PENCIL. All orders thankfully received, and punctually attended to. A. G. BAGLEY,

sept. 25 tf 189 Broadway, N. Y.

Engraving on Wood.

NEATLY AND PROMPTLY EXECUTED AT the Office of the Scientific American, 128 Fulton st, three doors from the Sun Office. Designs, DRAWINGS of all kinds for PATENTS, &c., also made, as above, at very low charges. 1



Labor to make a Watch.

Mr. Dent, in a lecture delivered before the London Royal Institute, made an allusion to the formation of a watch, and stated that a watch consists of 992 pieces; and that 40 trades, and probably 215 persons are employed in making one of these little machines. The iron of which the balance wheel is formed, is valued at something less than a farthing; this produces an ounce of steel, worth 4 1-2 pence, which is drawn into 2,250 yards of steel wire, and represents in the market, 13l. 3s.; but still another process of hardening this originally a farthing's worth of iron, renders it workable into 7,050 balance springs, which will realize, at the common price, of 2s. 6d each 746l. 5s, the effect of labor alone. Thus it may be seen that the mere labor bestowed upon one farthing's worth of iron, gives it the value of 950l. 5s, or $4,552, which is 75,680 times its original value.

Mule Boats.

This kind of conveyance is, we believe, peculiar to the Illinois River, for we never remember to have seen one belonging to any other stream. A year or two since, we were perfectly astonished at beholding the first one that ever arrived in this port; but now they are as common as the species usually termed broad horns, and their appearance creates about as much surprise and curiosity among the more aristocratic order of steam and sail. A genuine mule boat is not unlike an ocean steamer, as they are susceptible of being propelled both by steam and wind; with this difference, the mule-boat steam is generated upon the tread-mill plan, and by the united exertions of some half dozen quadrupeds, generally of the long-eared kind. To this treading or pulling apparatus are attached cylinder, pitt-man, boilers, &c., in the shape of some three or more cog-wheels, and immediately connected with them is a couple of shafts, which give a rotary motion to a couple of water-wheels, one on each side, and which usually propel a keel about 100 feet in length, and of about 75 tons burthen; over it is a roof and covering, usually called a cargo box, to protect the inside from the weather, and the whole making an appearance similar to an Ohio river keel boat, with the exception of a space left her to operate in. The difficulty and danger attending the management of a boat propelled by steam, is upon the mule boat entirely dispensed with.

There is no firing up, or blowing up; all that is necessary, when wishing to commence a journey, is to start, and when tired of going, all that is to be done is to stop the mules; in giving a lick ahead, they are all made to bounce at once, and in giving a lick back, they are turned around and made to pull the other way: and should the wind prove favorable, by means of a mast, with which they are all provided, sails can be hoisted, and the the double power of mules and wind be put in requisition. This description of boat is getting to be quite fashionable on the Illinois and tributaries, and some two or three extend their trips to this city. They are a great benefit in low water, as they are of exceeding light draught, and the running of them is attended with but trifling expense. We learn that several new ones are in a state of completion, on the line of the Illinois, intended as regular traders up the Sangamon river, and from the head of navigation on the Illinois to this city. There is nothing like enterprise, or a mule boat on the Illinois, in a low stage of water, to get along.—[St. Louis New Era.

Discovery of Glass.

'As some merchants,' says Pliny, 'were carrying nitre, they stopped near a river which issues from Mount Carmel. As they could not readily find stones to rest their kettles on, they used for this purpose some of these pieces of nitre. The fire, which gradually dissolved the nitre, and mixed it with the sand, occasioned a transparent matter to flow, which in fact was nothing less than glass.'

Pumping the water out of Lake Michigan.

It is well known to our readers that, by an arrangement with the English bond holders, the State of Illinois has given over to them the unfinished canal, from the waters of Lake Michigan, at Chicago, to the Illinois river.—They are about completing it, but the principal difficulty now is, to supply it with water, owing to the level of the lake being eight feet below the bottom of the canal. To overcome this, the present company, after various propositions, finally bethought themselves of raising the water of the lake, so as to supply the canal. They went to Messrs. Knapp & Totten, of this city, and furnished them with a data to calculate whether it could be done, and what force and what machinery would accomplish it. These gentlemen soon furnished an answer to build some powerful machinery for that purpose,—a steam engine and eight pumps of four and a half bore and six feet stroke. We are glad to hear that this eminently scientific firm have been selected to execute this order. Their shop and mechanical force are not excelled by any establishment in the United States.—[Pittsburg Gaz.

The Self-Regulating Ventilator.



Explanation:—This is a cheap and simple but scientific apparatus for regulating the air-vent of a common, cheap stove, according to the temperature of the atmosphere in the room in which it is located. The draught door is a plain iron door, hung by a common hinge joint at the upper end; and to the front of the hinge is attached a piece of brass wire, which extends vertically nearly to the top of the room, and is connected at B to a horizontal brass wire C D. This is the only apparatus required, but must be so adjusted as to allow the door to be closed, or nearly so, when the temperature is about right. If the temperature rises above that point, the horizontal wire will immediately expand so as to allow the door to close. But as soon as the temperature begins to fail, the wire contracts and opens the vent. On this principle the apparatus will readily find a medium, and there remain, varying only occasionally to accommodate itself to the variations of the quantity of fuel in the stove. The entire expense of this apparatus, exclusive of the stove, will not exceed 50 cents. It is generally conceded that a large portion of cases of colds, coughs, &c. are occasioned by irregularities of the temperature of sitting-rooms but with this plan of regulation this evil may tie avoided without any material expense.

New Paper Mill.

Mr. C. C. P. Moses has erected a line brick building, 75 by 38 feet, three stories high, on the site of the old foundry, at Dover, N. H., $12,000 to $15,000. The rooms are constructed and furnished in a complete manner for carrying on the paper making business in all its departments. The works are nearly completed, and will be in operation in five or six weeks.

New Mill at Lowell.

The Merrimack Company have in progress of erection the largest mill in Lowell, and which is calculated to employ from 300 to 400 operatives. The building is nearly finished, and the machinery is to embrace the latest improvements in this or any other country.

Machine Shop.

A new machine shop is about commencing operation in Norwich: about half a mile northeast from the railroad depot. The building is 100 by 40 feet, and is calculated to employ 60 hands in the manufacture of steam engines and manufacturing machinery. The work at this shop will be finished in the best style and at moderate prices.

Ornamental Kites.



This month being considered as one of the best for flying kites, we may indulge our young friends with an article on that subject. The principle on which kites are made to ascend by the action of the wind, is too well understood, even by children, to require explanation. We shall merely introduce and describe some fancy models of kites, which are not often seen. The pattern, fig. 1, which is the figure called a star, is very easily made. The frame consists simply of the strips, or rods of light wood; spruce timber, willow twig's—and interlocked, as shown in the cut; so that each rod shall pass alternately over and under the other rods at each intersection. These rods being lashed together at the points, the whole frame is covered with white or yellow paper, and the twine is attached to three of the angles of the star.

The eagle, fig. 2, is but little more difficult; a rod extends from the beak to the tail, and is crossed by another which extends from tip to tip of the wings. The rods being lashed together, a small thread is drawn from the place of the head of the eagle, to the two extremities of the wings, and thence to the leeward end of the centre rod. This thread should be white or light blue, and will not be visible when aloft; but the form of the eagle should be made of black, dark or brown paper. The paper eagle must be sewed to the several threads, and two or more threads may extend from the wings to the centre rod to support the feathers of the wings. The eagle kite appears curious, but is not so elegant as

The Rose, fig. 3. To construct this figure there must be four light rods of wood, made to cross each other in the centre, being there lashed together, and thus constituting eight arms. From the end of each arm, a thin strip of light wood or reed, is bent in a curved form to the next arm on either side: the bow being lashed to the arms. This frame is covered with white paper, which is to be afterward colored with rose color, with the yellow centre. The twine must be fastened to four of the arms, and the tail of the kite should be covered with green paper, which by the contrast, will have a pleasing effect.

Rochester Edge Tools in England.

Some time since, a Mr. Ash, an extensive manufacturer of Mechanics' Tools at Sheffield, England, sent to this country for patterns of the latest improvements, and amongst the rest, ordered a variety from Messrs. Barton & Belden of Rochester, which were promptly forwarded. On their arrival there, it seems that their make gave such universal satisfaction, that they were immediately copied, and the fact that they came from this country made prominent, by stamping upon them 'Rochester Pattern.'

An Animal Curiosity.

Travellers state that there is on the island of St. Luce a cavern, in which is a large basin twelve or fifteen feet deep, at the bottom of which are rocks. From these rocks proceed certain substances that present at first, sight beautiful flowers, but on the approach of a hand or instrument, retire like a snail, out of sight! On examination, there appears in the middle of a disk, filaments resembling spiders' legs, which moved briskly round a kind of petal. The filaments, or legs, have pincers to seize their prey, when the petals close, so that it cannot escape. Under this flower is the body of an animal, and it is probable he lives on the marine insects thrown by the sea into his basin.

* * * * *

The first clock that ever measured time was made for the Caliph of Bagdad. This art was afterwards lost for several centuries.

Skate Runners.

At Drontheim, in Norway, they have a regiment of soldiers, called Skate Runners. They wear leg gaiters for travelling in deep snow, and green uniform. They carry a short sword, a rifle fastened by a broad strap passing over the shoulder, and a climbing staff seven feet long, with a spike in the end. They move so fast in the snow that no cavalry can overtake them, and it does little good to fire cannon balls at them, as they go two or three hundred feet apart. They are very useful soldiers in following an enemy on a march. They go over marshes, rivers and lakes at a great rate.

A Receipt to make Peach Wine.

Take four or five bushels of ripe juicy peaches, mash or bruise them in a tub, and pour them into a barrel, large enough to contain them, and place it in a cool place. At the bottom of the barrel, before putting in the peaches, some clean straw must be placed to prevent the pumice from filling up the spigot. The head of the barrel must be covered. In about three days the Peach Wine is ready for use. Draw it off, from the spigot, and if care and attention have been adopted, a delicious beverage will be produced.

A Novel Enterprise.

An expedition, which promises the most important results both to science and commerce is at this moment fitting out in England, for the purpose of navigating some of the more important unexplored rivers in South America It is to be under the command of Lord Ranelagh. Several noblemen and gentlemen have already volunteered to accompany his lordship, and the enterprising and scientific band, it id said, will sail as soon as the necessary arrangements shall be completed.

THE NEW YORK

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN:

Published Weekly at 128 Fulton Street., (Sun Building,) New York.

BY MUNN & COMPANY.

The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN is the Advocate of Industry and Journal of Mechanical and other Improvements: as such its contents are probably more varied and interesting, than those of any other weekly newspaper in the United States, and certainly more useful. It contains as much interesting Intelligence as six ordinary daily papers, while for real benefit, it is unequalled by any thing yet published. Each number regularly contains from THREE to SIX ORIGINAL ENGRAVINGS, illustrated by NEW INVENTIONS, American and Foreign,—SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES and CURIOSITIES,—Notices of the progress of Mechanical and other Scientific Improvements, Scientific Essays on the principles of the Sciences of MECHANICS, CHEMISTRY and ARCHITECTURE,—Catalogues of American Patents,—INSTRUCTION in various ARTS and TRADES, with engravings,—Curious Philosophical Experiments,—the latest RAIL ROAD INTELLIGENCE in EUROPE and AMERICA,—Valuable information on the Art of GARDENING, &c. &c.

This paper is especially entitled to the patronage of MECHANICS and MANUFACTURERS, being devoted to the interests of those classes. It is particularly useful to FARMERS, as it will not only apprise them of IMPROVEMENTS in AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, but INSTRUCT them in various MECHANICAL TRADES, and guard against impositions. As a FAMILY NEWSPAPER, it will convey more USEFUL Intelligence to children and young people, than five times its cost in school instruction.

Being published in QUARTO FORM, it is conveniently adapted to PRESERVATION and BINDING.

TERMS.—The Scientific American is sent to subscribers in the country at the rate of $2 a year, ONE DOLLAR IN ADVANCE, the remainder in 6 months. Persons desiring to subscribe, have only to enclose the amount in a letter, directed to

MUNN & COMPANY,

Publishers of the Scientific American, New York.

Specimen copies sent when desired. All letters must be POST PAID.]

THE END