SECTION III. MATERIALS FOR REASONING Evidence for, against, and in mitigation

467. Evidence [On one side.] — N. evidence; facts, premises, data, praecognita [Lat.], grounds. indication &c 550; criterion &c (test) 463. testimony, testification^, expert testimony; attestation; deposition &c (affirmation) 535; examination. admission &c (assent) 488; authority, warrant, credential, diploma, voucher, certificate, doquet^, docket; testamur^; record &c 551; document; pi ce justificative^; deed, warranty &c (security) 771; signature, seal &c (identification) 550; exhibit, material evidence, objective evidence. witness, indicator, hostile witness; eyewitness, earwitness, material witness, state's evidence; deponent; sponsor; cojuror^. oral evidence, documentary evidence, hearsay evidence, external evidence, extrinsic evidence, internal evidence, intrinsic evidence, circumstantial evidence, cumulative evidence, ex parte evidence [Lat.], presumptive evidence, collateral evidence, constructive evidence; proof &c (demonstration) 478; evidence in chief. secondary evidence; confirmation, corroboration, support; ratification &c (assent) 488; authentication; compurgation^, wager of law, comprobation^. citation, reference; legal research, literature search (experiment) 463. V. be evidence &c n.; evince, show, betoken, tell of; indicate &c (denote) 550; imply, involve, argue, bespeak, breathe. have weight, carry weight; tell, speak volumes; speak for itself &c (manifest) 525. rest upon, depend upon; repose on. bear witness &c n.; give evidence &c n.; testify, depose, witness, vouch for; sign, seal, undersign^, set one's hand and seal, sign and seal, deliver as one's act and deed, certify, attest; acknowledge &c (assent) 488. [provide conclusive evidence] make absolute, confirm, prove (demonstrate) 478. [add further evidence] indorse, countersign, corroborate, support, ratify, bear out, uphold, warrant. adduce, attest, cite, quote; refer to, appeal to; call, call to witness; bring forward, bring into court; allege, plead; produce witnesses, confront witnesses. place into evidence, mark into evidence. [obtain evidence] collect evidence, bring together evidence, rake up evidence; experiment &c 463. have a case, make out a case; establish, authenticate, substantiate, verify, make good, quote chapter and verse; bring home to, bring to book. Adj. showing &c v.; indicative, indicatory; deducible &c 478; grounded on, founded on, based on; corroborative, confirmatory. Adv. by inference; according to, witness, a fortiori; still more, still less; raison de plus [Fr.]; in corroboration &c n.. of; valeat quantum [Lat.]; under seal, under one's hand and seal. Phr. dictum de dicto [Lat.]; mise en evidence [Fr.].

468. [Evidence on the other side, on the other hand.] Counter Evidence — N. counter evidence; evidence on the other side, evidence on the other hand; conflicting evidence, contradictory evidence, opposing evidence; disproof, refutation &c 479; negation &c 536. plea &c 617; vindication &c 937; counter protest; 'tu quoque' argument; other side of the shield, other side of the coin, reverse of the shield. V. countervail, oppose; mitigate against; rebut &c (refute) 479; subvert &c (destroy) 162; cheek, weaken; contravene; contradict &c (deny) 536; tell the other side of the story, tell another story, turn the scale, alter the case; turn the tables; cut both ways; prove a negative. audire alteram partem [Lat.]. Adj. countervailing &c v.; contradictory. unattested, unauthenticated, unsupported by evidence; supposititious. Adv. on the contrary, per contra.

469. Qualification — N. qualification, limitation, modification, coloring. allowance, grains of allowance, consideration, extenuating circumstances; mitigation. condition, proviso, prerequisite, contingency, stipulation, provision, specification, sine qua non [Lat.]; catch, string, strings attached; exemption; exception, escape clause, salvo, saving clause; discount &c 813; restriction; fine print. V. qualify, limit, modify, leaven, give a color to, introduce new conditions, narrow, temper. waffle, quibble, hem and haw (be uncertain) 475; equivocate (sophistry) 477. depend, depend on, be contingent on (effect) 154. allow for, make allowance for; admit exceptions, take into account; modulate. moderate, temper, season, leaven. take exception. Adj. qualifying &c v.; qualified, conditioned, restricted, hedged; conditional; exceptional &c (unconformable) 83. hypothetical &c (supposed) 514; contingent &c (uncertain) 475. Adv. provided, provided that, provided always; if, unless, but, yet; according as; conditionally, admitting, supposing; on the supposition of &c (theoretically) 514; with the understanding, even, although, though, for all that, after all, at all events. approximately &c 197, 17; in a limited degree (smallness) 32; somewhat, sort of, something like that, to a certain extent, to a degree, in a sense, so to speak. with grains of allowance, cum grano salis [Lat.], with a grain of salt; exceptis excipiendis [Lat.]; wind and weather permitting; if possible &c 470. subject to, conditioned upon; with this proviso &c n.. Phr. if the good lord is willing and the creeks don't rise; catch- 22. Degrees of Evidence

470. Possibility — N. possibility, potentiality; what may be, what is possible &c adj.; compatibility &c (agreement) 23. practicability, feasibility; practicableness &c adj.. contingency, chance &c 156. V. be possible &c adj.; stand a chance; admit of, bear. render possible &c adj.; put in the way of. Adj. possible; in the cards, on the dice; in posse, within the bounds of possibility, conceivable, credible; compatible &c 23; likely. practicable, feasible, performable, achievable; within reach, within measurable distance; accessible, superable^, surmountable; attainable, obtainable; contingent &c (doubtful) 475, (effect) 154. barely possible, marginally possible, just possible; possible but improbably, (improbable) 473; theoretically possible. Adv. possibly, by possibility; perhaps, perchance, peradventure; maybe, may be, haply, mayhap. if possible, wind and weather permitting, God willing, Deo volente [Lat.], D.V.; as luck may have it. Phr. misericordia Domini inter pontem et fontent [Lat.]; the glories of the Possible are ours [B. Taylor]; anything is possible; in theory possible, but in practise unlikely.

471. Impossibility — N. impossibility &c adj.; what cannot, what can never be; sour grapes; hopelessness &c 859. V. be impossible &c adj.; have no chance whatever. attempt impossibilities; square the circle, wash a blackamoor white; skin a flint; make a silk purse out of a sow's ear, make bricks without straw; have nothing to go upon; weave a rope of sand, build castles in the air, prendre la lune avec les dents [Fr.], extract sunbeams from cucumbers, set the Thames on fire, milk a he-goat into a sieve, catch a weasel asleep, rompre l'anguille au genou [Fr.], be in two places at once. Adj. impossible; not possible &c 470; absurd, contrary to reason; unlikely; unreasonable &c 477; incredible &c 485; beyond the bounds of reason, beyond the bounds of possibility, beyond the realm of possibility; from which reason recoils; visionary; inconceivable &c (improbable) 473; prodigious &c (wonderful) 870; unimaginable, inimaginable^; unthinkable. impracticable unachievable; unfeasible, infeasible; insuperable; unsurmountable^, insurmountable; unattainable, unobtainable; out of reach, out of the question; not to be had, not to be thought of; beyond control; desperate &c (hopeless) 859; incompatible &c 24; inaccessible, uncomeatable^, impassable, impervious, innavigable^, inextricable; self- contradictory. out of one's power, beyond one's power, beyond one's depth, beyond one's reach, beyond one's grasp; too much for; ultra crepidam [Lat.]. Phr. the grapes are sour; non possumus [Lat.]; non nostrum tantas componere lites [Lat.] [Vergil]; look for a needle in a haystack, chercher une aiguille dans une botte de foin [Fr.]; il a le mer +a boire^.

472. Probability — N. probability, likelihood; credibleness^; likeliness &c adj.; vraisemblance [Fr.], verisimilitude, plausibility; color, semblance, show of; presumption; presumptive evidence, circumstantial evidence; credibility. reasonable chance, fair chance, good chance, favorable chance, reasonable prospect, fair prospect, good prospect, favorable prospect; prospect, wellgrounded hope; chance &c 156. V. be probable &c adj.; give color to, lend color to; point to; imply &c (evidence) 467; bid fair &c (promise) 511; stand fair for; stand a good chance, run a good chance. think likely, dare say, flatter oneself; expect &c 507; count upon &c (believe) 484. Adj. probable, likely, hopeful, to be expected, in a fair way. plausible, specious, ostensible, colorable, ben trovato [It], well-founded, reasonable, credible, easy of belief, presumable, presumptive, apparent. Adv. probably &c adj.; belike^; in all probability, in all likelihood; very likely, most likely; like enough; odds on, odds in favor, ten to one &c; apparently, seemingly, according to every reasonable expectation; prim=a facie [Lat.]; to all appearance &c (to the eye) 448. Phr. the chances, the odds are; appearances are in favor of, chances are in favor of; there is reason to believe, there is reason to think, there is reason to expect; I dare say; all Lombard Street to a China orange.

473. Improbability — N. improbability, unlikelihood; unfavorable chance, bad chance, ghost of a chance, little chance, small chance, poor chance, scarcely any chance, no chance; bare possibility; long odds; incredibility &c 485. V. be improbable &c adj.; have a small chance &c n.. Adj. improbable, unlikely, contrary to all reasonable expectation; wild [Coll.], far out [Coll.], out of sight [Coll.], outtasight [Coll.], heavy [Coll.]. rare &c (infrequent) 137; unheard of, inconceivable; unimaginable, inimaginable^; incredible &c 485; more than doubtful; strange, bizarre (uncomformable) 83. Phr. the chances are against; aquila non capit muscas [Lat.]; pedir peras pal olmo [Lat.].

474. Certainty — N. certainty; necessity &c 601; certitude, surety, assurance; dead certainty, moral certainty; infallibleness &c adj.; infallibility, reliability; indubitableness, inevitableness, unquestionableness^. gospel, scripture, church, pope, court of final appeal; res judicata [Lat.], ultimatum positiveness; dogmatism, dogmatist, dogmatizer; doctrinaire, bigot, opinionist^, Sir Oracle; ipse dixit [Lat.]. fact; positive fact, matter of fact; fait accompli [Fr.]. V. be certain &c adj.; stand to reason. render certain &c adj.; insure, ensure, assure; clinch, make sure; determine, decide, set at rest, make assurance double sure [Macbeth]; know &c (believe) 484. dogmatize, lay down the law. Adj. certain, sure, assured &c v.; solid, well-founded. unqualified, absolute, positive, determinate, definite, clear, unequivocal, categorical, unmistakable, decisive, decided, ascertained. inevitable, unavoidable, avoidless^; ineluctable. unerring, infallible; unchangeable &c 150; to be depended on, trustworthy, reliable, bound. unimpeachable, undeniable, unquestionable; indisputable, incontestable, incontrovertible, indubitable; irrefutable &c (proven) 478; conclusive, without power of appeal. indubious^; without doubt, beyond a doubt, without a shade or shadow of doubt, without question, beyond question; past dispute; clear as day; beyond all question, beyond all dispute; undoubted, uncontested, unquestioned, undisputed; questionless^, doubtless. authoritative, authentic, official. sure as fate, sure as death and taxes, sure as a gun. evident, self-evident, axiomatic; clear, clear as day, clear as the sun at noonday. Adv. certainly &c adj.; for certain, certes [Lat.], sure, no doubt, doubtless, and no mistake, flagrante delicto [Lat.], sure enough, to be sure, of course, as a matter of course, a coup sur, to a certainty; in truth &c (truly) 494; at any rate, at all events; without fail; coute que coute [Fr.], coute qu'il coute [Fr.]; whatever may happen, if the worst come to the worst; come what may, happen what may, come what will; sink or swim; rain or shine. Phr. cela va sans dire [Fr.]; there is no question, no question, not a shadow of doubt, there is not a shadow of doubt; the die is cast &c (necessity) 601; facts are stubborn things [Smollett].

475. Uncertainty — N. uncertainty, incertitude, doubt; doubtfulness &c adj.; dubiety, dubitation^, dubitancy^, dubitousness^. hesitation, suspense; perplexity, embarrassment, dilemma, bewilderment; timidity &c (fear) 860; vacillation &c 605; diaporesis^, indetermination. vagueness &c adj.; haze, fog; obscurity &c (darkness) 421; ambiguity &c (double meaning) 520; contingency, dependence, dependency, double contingency, possibility upon a possibility; open question &c (question) 461; onus probandi [Lat.]; blind bargain, pig in a poke, leap in the dark, something or other; needle in a haystack, needle in a bottle of hay; roving commission. precariousness &c adj.; fallibility. V. be uncertain &c adj.; wonder whether. lose the clue, lose the clew, scent; miss one's way. not know what to make of &c (unintelligibility) 519, not know which way to turn, not know whether one stands on one s head or one's heels; float in a sea of doubt, hesitate, flounder; lose oneself, lose one's head; muddle one's brains. render uncertain &c adj.; put out, pose, puzzle, perplex, embarrass; confuse, confound; bewilder, bother, molder, addle the wits, throw off the scent, ambiguas in vulgus spargere voces [Lat.]; keep in suspense. doubt &c (disbelieve) 485; hang in the balance, tremble in the balance; depend. Adj. uncertain; casual; random &c (aimless) 621; changeable &c 149. doubtful, dubious; indecisive; unsettled, undecided, undetermined; in suspense, open to discussion; controvertible; in question &c (inquiry) 461. vague; indeterminate, indefinite; ambiguous, equivocal; undefined, undefinable; confused &c (indistinct) 447; mystic, oracular; dazed. perplexing &c v.; enigmatic, paradoxical, apocryphal, problematical, hypothetical; experimental &c 463. unpredictable, unforeseeable (unknowable) 519. fallible, questionable, precarious, slippery, ticklish, debatable, disputable; unreliable, untrustworthy. contingent, contingent on, dependent on; subject to; dependent on circumstances; occasional; provisional. unauthentic, unauthenticated, unauthoritative; unascertained, unconfirmed; undemonstrated; untold, uncounted. in a state of uncertainty, in a cloud, in a maze; bushed, off the track; ignorant, &c 491; afraid to say; out of one's reckoning, astray, adrift; at sea, at fault, at a loss, at one's wit's end, at a nonplus; puzzled &c v.; lost, abroad, desoriente; distracted, distraught. Adv. pendente lite [Lat.]; sub spe rati [Lat.]. Phr. Heaven knows; who can tell? who shall decide when doctors disagree? ambiguas in vulgum spargere voces [Lat.].

SECTION IV. REASONING PROCESSES

476. Reasoning, — N. {ant. 477} reasoning ratiocination rationalism; dialectics, induction, generalization. discussion, comment; ventilation; inquiry &c 461. argumentation, controversy, debate; polemics, wrangling; contention &c 720; logomachy^; disputation, disceptation^; paper war. art of reasoning, logic. process of reasoning, train of reasoning, chain of reasoning; deduction, induction, abduction; synthesis, analysis. argument; case, plaidoyer^, opening; lemma, proposition, terms, premises, postulate, data, starting point, principle; inference &c (judgment) 480. prosyllogism^, syllogism; enthymeme^, sorites^, dilemma, perilepsis^, a priori reasoning, reductio ad absurdum, horns of a dilemma, argumentum ad hominem [Lat.], comprehensive argument; empirema^, epagoge^. [person who reasons] reasoner, logician, dialectician; disputant; controversialist, controvertist^; wrangler, arguer, debater polemic, casuist, rationalist; scientist; eristic^. logical sequence; good case; correct just reasoning, sound reasoning, valid reasoning, cogent reasoning, logical reasoning, forcible reasoning, persuasive reasoning, persuasory reasoning^, consectary reasoning^, conclusive &c 478; subtle reasoning; force of argument, strong point, strong argument, persuasive argument. arguments, reasons, pros and cons. V. reason, argue, discuss, debate, dispute, wrangle^, argufy^, bandy words, bandy arguments; chop logic; hold an argument, carry on an argument; controvert &c (deny) 536; canvass; comment upon, moralize upon; spiritualize; consider &c (examine) 461. open a discussion, open a case; try conclusions; join issue, be at issue; moot; come to the point; stir a question, agitate a question, ventilate a question, torture a question; take up a side, take up a case. contend, take one's stand upon, insist, lay stress on; infer &c 480. follow from &c (demonstration) 478. Adj. reasoning &c v.; rationalistic; argumentative, controversial, dialectic, polemical; discursory^, discursive; disputatious; Aristotelian^, eristic^, eristical^. debatable, controvertible. logical; relevant &c 23. Adv. for, because, hence, whence, seeing that, since, sith^, then thence so; for that reason, for this reason, for which reason; for as, inasmuch as; whereas, ex concesso [Lat.], considering, in consideration of; therefore, wherefore; consequently, ergo, thus, accordingly; a fortiori. in conclusion, in fine; finally, after all, au bout du compt [Fr.], on the whole, taking one thing with another. Phr. ab actu ad posse valet consecutio [Lat.]; per troppo dibatter la verita si perde [It]; troppo disputare la verita fa errare [It].

477. Intuition. & Sophistry [The absence of reasoning.] [False or vicious reasoning; show of reason.] — N. intuition, instinct, association, hunch, gut feeling; presentiment, premonition; rule of thumb; superstition; astrology^; faith (supposition) 514. sophistry, paralogy^, perversion, casuistry, jesuitry, equivocation, evasion; chicane, chicanery; quiddet^, quiddity; mystification; special pleading; speciousness &c adj.; nonsense &c 497; word sense, tongue sense. false reasoning, vicious reasoning, circular reasoning; petitio principii [Lat.], ignoratio elenchi [Lat.]; post hoc ergo propter hoc [Lat.]; non sequitur, ignotum per ignotius [Lat.]. misjudgment &c 481; false teaching &c 538. sophism, solecism, paralogism^; quibble, quirk, elenchus^, elench^, fallacy, quodlibet, subterfuge, subtlety, quillet^; inconsistency, antilogy^; a delusion, a mockery, and a snare [Denman]; claptrap, cant, mere words; lame and impotent conclusion [Othello]. meshes of sophistry, cobwebs of sophistry; flaw in an argument; weak point, bad case. overrefinement^; hairsplitting &c v.. V. judge intuitively, judge by intuition; hazard a proposition, hazard a guess, talk at random. reason ill, falsely &c adj.; misjudge &c 481; paralogize^. take on faith, take as a given; assume (supposition) 514. pervert, quibble; equivocate, mystify, evade, elude; gloss over, varnish; misteach &c 538 [Obs.]; mislead &c (error) 495; cavil, refine, subtilize^, split hairs; misrepresent &c (lie) 544. beg the question, reason in a circle, reason in circles, assume the conclusion. cut blocks with a razor, beat about the bush, play fast and loose, play fast and loose with the facts, blow hot and cold, prove that black is white and white black, travel out of the record, parler a tort et a travers [Fr.], put oneself out of court, not have a leg to stand on. judge hastily, shoot from the hip, jump to conclusions (misjudgment) 481. Adj. intuitive, instinctive, impulsive; independent of reason, anterior to reason; gratuitous, hazarded; unconnected. unreasonable, illogical, false, unsound, invalid; unwarranted, not following; inconsequent, inconsequential; inconsistent; absonous^, absonant^; unscientific; untenable, inconclusive, incorrect; fallacious, fallible; groundless, unproved; non sequitur [Lat.], it does not follow. deceptive, sophistical, jesuitical; illusive, illusory; specious, hollow, plausible, ad captandum [Lat.], evasive; irrelevant &c 10. weak, feeble, poor, flimsy, loose, vague. irrational; nonsensical &c (absurd) 497. foolish &c (imbecile) 499; frivolous, pettifogging, quibbling; finespun^, overrefined^. at the end of one's tether, au bout de son latin. Adv. intuitively &c adj.; by intuition; illogically &c adj.. Phr. non constat [Lat.]; that goes for nothing.

478. Demonstration — N. {ant. 479} demonstration, proof, rigorous proof; conclusiveness &c adj.; apodeixis^, apodixis^, probation, comprobation^. logic of facts &c (evidence) 467; experimentum crucis &c (test) 463 [Lat.]; argument &c 476; rigorous establishment, absolute establishment. conviction, cogency, (persuasion) 484. V. demonstrate, prove, establish; make good; show, evince, manifest &c (be evidence of) 467; confirm, corroborate, substantiate, verify &c 467, settle the question, reduce to demonstration, set the question at rest. make out, make out a case; prove one's point, have the best of the argument; draw a conclusion &c (judge) 480. follow, follow of course, follow as a matter of course, follow necessarily; stand to reason; hold good, hold water. convince, persuade (belief) 484. Adj. demonstrating &c v., demonstrative, demonstrable; probative, unanswerable, conclusive; apodictic^, apodeictic^, apodeictical^; irresistible, irrefutable, irrefragable; necessary. categorical, decisive, crucial. demonstrated &c v.; proven; unconfuted^, unanswered, unrefuted^; evident &c 474. deducible, consequential, consectary^, inferential, following. [demonstrated to one's satisfaction] convincing, cogent, persuasive (believable) 484. Adv. of course, in consequence, consequently, as a matter of course; necessarily, of necessity. Phr. probatum est [Lat.]; there is nothing more to be said; quod est demonstrandum [Lat.], Q.E.D.; it must follow; exitus acta probat [Lat.].

479. Confutation — N. {ant 478} confutation, refutation; answer, complete answer; disproof, conviction, redargution^, invalidation; exposure, exposition; clincher; retort; reductio ad absurdum; knock down argument, tu quoque argument [Lat.]; sockdolager [U.S.], correction &c 572.1; dissuasion &c 616. V. confute, refute, disprove; parry, negative, controvert, rebut, confound, disconfirm, redargue^, expose, show the fallacy of, defeat; demolish, break &c (destroy) 162; overthrow, overturn scatter to the winds, explode, invalidate; silence; put to silence, reduce to silence; clinch an argument, clinch a question; give one a setdown^, stop the mouth, shut up; have, have on the hip. not leave a leg to stand on, cut the ground from under one's feet. be confuted &c; fail; expose one's weak point, show one's weak point. counter evidence &c 468. Adj. confuting, confuted, &c v.; capable of refutation; refutable, confutable^, defeasible. contravene (counter evidence) 468. condemned on one's own showing, condemned out of one's own mouth. Phr. the argument falls to the ground, cadit quaestio [Lat.], it does not hold water, suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo [Terence]; his argument was demolished by new evidence.

SECTION V. RESULTS OF REASONING

480. Judgment [Conclusion.] — N. result, conclusion, upshot; deduction, inference, ergotism [Med.]; illation; corollary, porism^; moral. estimation, valuation, appreciation, judication^; dijudication^, adjudication; arbitrament, arbitrement^, arbitration; assessment, ponderation^; valorization. award, estimate; review, criticism, critique, notice, report. decision, determination, judgment, finding, verdict, sentence, decree; findings of fact; findings of law; res judicata [Lat.]. plebiscite, voice, casting vote; vote &c (choice) 609; opinion &c (belief) 484; good judgment &c (wisdom) 498. judge, umpire; arbiter, arbitrator; asessor, referee. censor, reviewer, critic; connoisseur; commentator &c 524; inspector, inspecting officer. twenty-twenty hindsight [judgment after the fact]; armchair general, monday morning quarterback. V. judge, conclude; come to a conclusion, draw a conclusion, arrive at a conclusion; ascertain, determine, make up one's mind. deduce, derive, gather, collect, draw an inference, make a deduction, weet^, ween^. form an estimate, estimate, appreciate, value, count, assess, rate, rank, account; regard, consider, think of; look upon &c (believe) 484; review; size up [Slang]. settle; pass an opinion, give an opinion; decide, try, pronounce, rule; pass judgment, pass sentence; sentence, doom; find; give judgment, deliver judgment; adjudge, adjudicate; arbitrate, award, report; bring in a verdict; make absolute, set a question at rest; confirm &c (assent) 488. comment, criticize, kibitz; pass under review &c (examine) 457; investigate &c (inquire) 461. hold the scales, sit in judgment; try judgment, hear a cause. Adj. judging &c v.; judicious &c (wise) 498; determinate, conclusive. Adv. on the whole, all things considered. Phr. a Daniel come to judgment [Merchant of Venice]; and stand a critic, hated yet caress'd [Byron]; it is much easier to be critical than to be correct [Disraeli]; la critique est aisee et l'art est difficile [Fr.]; nothing if not critical [Othello]; O most lame and impotent conclusion [Othello].

480a. [Result of search or inquiry.] Discovery — N. discovery, detection, disenchantment; ascertainment^, disclosure, find, revelation. trover [Law] &c (recovery) 775. V. discover, find, determine, evolve, learn &c 539; fix upon; pick up; find out, trace out, make out, hunt out, fish out, worm out, ferret out, root out; fathom; bring out, draw out; educe, elicit, bring to light; dig out, grub up, fish up; unearth, disinter. solve, resolve, elucidate; unriddle, unravel, unlock, crack, crack open; pick up, open the lock; find a clue, find clew a to, find the key to the riddle; interpret &c 522; disclose &c 529. trace, get at; hit it, have it; lay one's finger, lay one's hands upon; spot; get at the truth, arrive at the truth &c 494; put the saddle on the right horse, hit the right nail on the head. be near the truth, be warm, get warmer, burn; smoke, scent, sniff, catch a whiff of, smell a rat. open the eyes to; see through, see daylight, see in its true colors, see the cloven foot; detect; catch, catch tripping. pitch upon, fall upon, light upon, hit upon, stumble upon, pop upon; come across, come onto; meet with, meet up with, fall in with. recognize, realize; verify, make certain of, identify. Int. eureka!, aha!^, I've got it!,

481. Misjudgment — N. misjudgment, obliquity of judgment; miscalculation, miscomputation, misconception &c (error) 495; hasty conclusion. [causes of misjudgment. 1] prejudgment, prejudication^, prejudice; foregone conclusion; prenotion^, prevention, preconception, predilection, prepossession, preapprehension^, presumption, assumption, presentiment; fixed idea, preconceived idea; id_ee fixe; mentis gratissimus error [Lat.]; fool's paradise. [causes of misjudgment. 2] esprit de corps, party spirit, partisanship, clannishness, prestige. [causes of misjudgment. 3] bias, bigotry, warp, twist; hobby, fad, quirk, crotchet, partiality, infatuation, blind side, mote in the eye. [causes of misjudgment. 4] one-sided views, one-track mind, partial views, narrow views, confined views, superficial views, one- sided ideas, partial ideas, narrow ideas, confined ideas, superficial ideas, one-sided conceptions, partial conceptions, narrow conceptions, confined conceptions, superficial conceptions, one-sided notions, partial notions, narrow notions, confined notions, superficial notions; narrow mind; bigotry &c (obstinacy) 606; odium theologicum [Lat.]; pedantry; hypercriticism. doctrinaire &c (positive) 474. [causes of misjudgment. 5] overestimation &c 482; underestimation &c 483. [causes of misjudgment. 6] ignorance &c 491. erroneous assumptions, erroneous data, mistaken assumptions, incorrect assumptions (error) 495. V. misjudge, misestimate, misthink^, misconjecture^, misconceive &c (error) 495; fly in the face of facts; miscalculate, misreckon, miscompute. overestimate &c 482; underestimate &c 483. prejudge, forejudge; presuppose, presume, prejudicate^; dogmatize; have a bias &c n.; have only one idea; jurare in verba magistri [Lat.], run away with the notion; jump to a conclusion, rush to a conclusion, leap to a conclusion, judge hastily, shoot from the hip, jump to conclusions; look only at one side of the shield; view with jaundiced eye, view through distorting spectacles; not see beyond one's nose; dare pondus fumo [Lat.]; get the wrong sow by the ear &c (blunder) 699. give a bias, give a twist; bias, warp, twist; prejudice, prepossess. Adj. misjudging &c v.; ill-judging, wrong-headed; prejudiced &c v.; jaundiced; shortsighted, purblind; partial, one-sided, superficial. narrow-minded, narrow-souled^; mean-spirited; confined, illiberal, intolerant, besotted, infatuated, fanatical, entete [Fr.], positive, dogmatic, conceited; opinative, opiniative^; opinioned, opinionate, opinionative, opinionated; self-opinioned, wedded to an opinion, opini=atre; bigoted &c (obstinate) 606; crotchety, fussy, impracticable; unreasonable, stupid &c 499; credulous &c 486; warped. misjudged &c v.. Adv. ex parte [Lat.]. Phr. nothing like leather; the wish the father to the thought; wishful thinking; unshakable conviction; my mind is made up - don't bother me with the facts.

482. Overestimation — N. overestimation &c v.; exaggeration &c 549; vanity &c 880; optimism, pessimism, pessimist. much cry and little wool, much ado about nothing; storm in a teacup, tempest in a teacup; fine talking. V. overestimate, overrate, overvalue, overprize, overweigh, overreckon^, overstrain, overpraise; eulogize; estimate too highly, attach too much importance to, make mountains of molehills, catch at straws; strain, magnify; exaggerate &c 549; set too high a value upon; think much of, make much of, think too much of, make too much of; outreckon^; panegyrize^. extol, extol to the skies; make the most of, make the best of, make the worst of; make two bites of a cherry. have too high an opinion of oneself &c (vanity) 880. Adj. overestimated &c v.; oversensitive &c (sensibility) 822. Phr. all his geese are swans; parturiunt montes [Lat.].

483. Underestimation — N. underestimation; depreciation &c (detraction) 934; pessimism, pessimist; undervaluing &c v.; modesty &c 881. V. underrate, underestimate, undervalue, underreckon^; depreciate; disparage &c (detract) 934; not do justice to; misprize, disprize; ridicule &c 856; slight &c (despise) 930; neglect &c 460; slur over. make light of, make little of, make nothing of, make no account of; belittle; minimize, think nothing of; set no store by, set at naught; shake off as dewdrops from the lion's mane. Adj. depreciating, depreciated &c v.; unvalued, unprized^.

484. Belief — N. belief; credence; credit; assurance; faith, trust, troth, confidence, presumption, sanguine expectation &c (hope) 858; dependence on, reliance on. persuasion, conviction, convincement^, plerophory^, self- conviction; certainty &c 474; opinion, mind, view; conception, thinking; impression &c (idea) 453; surmise &c 514; conclusion &c (judgment) 480. tenet, dogma, principle, way of thinking; popular belief &c (assent) 488. firm belief, implicit belief, settled belief, fixed rooted deep- rooted belief, staunch belief, unshaken belief, steadfast belief, inveterate belief, calm belief, sober belief, dispassionate belief, impartial belief, well-founded belief, firm opinion, implicit opinion, settled opinion, fixed rooted deep-rooted opinion, staunch opinion, unshaken opinion, steadfast opinion, inveterate opinion, calm opinion, sober opinion, dispassionate opinion, impartial opinion, well-founded opinion &c; uberrima fides [Lat.]. system of opinions, school, doctrine, articles, canons; article of faith, declaration of faith, profession of faith; tenets, credenda^, creed; thirty-nine articles &c (orthodoxy) 983.1; catechism; assent &c 488; propaganda &c (teaching) 537. credibility &c (probability) 472. V. believe, credit; give faith to, give credit to, credence to; see, realize; assume, receive; set down for, take for; have it, take it; consider, esteem, presume. count upon, depend upon, calculate upon, pin one's faith upon, reckon upon, lean upon, build upon, rely upon, rest upon; lay one's account for; make sure of. make oneself easy about, on that score; take on trust, take on credit; take for granted, take for gospel; allow some weight to, attach some weight to. know, know for certain; have know, make no doubt; doubt not; be, rest assured &c adj.; persuade oneself, assure oneself, satisfy oneself; make up one's mind. give one credit for; confide in, believe in, put one's trust in; place in, repose in, implicit confidence in; take one's word for, at one's word; place reliance on, rely upon, swear by, regard to. think, hold; take, take it; opine, be of opinion, conceive, trow^, ween^, fancy, apprehend; have it, hold a belief, possess, entertain a belief, adopt a belief, imbibe a belief, embrace a belief, get hold of a belief, hazard, foster, nurture a belief, cherish a belief, have an opinion, hold an opinion, possess, entertain an opinion, adopt an opinion, imbibe an opinion, embrace an opinion, get hold of an opinion, hazard an opinion, foster an opinion, nurture an opinion, cherish an opinion &c n.. view as, consider as, take as, hold as, conceive as, regard as, esteem as, deem as, look upon as, account as, set down as; surmise &c 514. get it into one's head, take it into one's head; come round to an opinion; swallow &c (credulity) 486. cause to be believed &c v.; satisfy, persuade, have the ear of, gain the confidence of, assure; convince, convict^, convert; wean, bring round; bring over, win over; indoctrinate &c (teach) 537; cram down the throat; produce conviction, carry conviction; bring home to, drive home to. go down, find credence, pass current; be received &c v., be current &c adj.; possess, take hold of, take possession of the mind. Adj. believing &c v.; certain, sure, assured, positive, cocksure, satisfied, confident, unhesitating, convinced, secure. under the impression; impressed with, imbued with, penetrated with. confiding, suspectless^; unsuspecting, unsuspicious; void of suspicion; credulous &c 486; wedded to. believed &c v.; accredited, putative; unsuspected. worthy of, deserving of, commanding belief; credible, reliable, trustworthy, to be depended on; satisfactory; probably &c 472; fiducial^, fiduciary; persuasive, impressive. relating to belief, doctrinal. Adv. in the opinion of, in the eyes of; me judice [Lat.]; meseems^, methinks; to the best of one's belief; I dare say, I doubt not, I have no doubt, I am sure; sure enough &c (certainty) 474; depend upon, rely upon it; be assured, rest assured; I'll warrant you &c (affirmation) 535. Phr. experto crede [Lat.] [Vergil]; fata viam invenient [Lat.]; Justitiae soror incorrupta Fides [Lat.]; live to explain thy doctrine by thy life [Prior]; stands not within the prospect of belief [Macbeth]; tarde quae credita laedunt credimus [Lat.] [Ovid]; vide et crede [Lat.].

485. Unbelief. Doubt — N. unbelief, disbelief, misbelief; discredit, miscreance^; infidelity &c (irreligion) 989 [Obs.]; dissent &c 489; change of opinion &c 484; retraction &c 607. doubt &c (uncertainty) 475; skepticism, scepticism, misgiving, demure; distrust, mistrust, cynicism; misdoubt^, suspicion, jealousy, scruple, qualm; onus probandi [Lat.]. incredibility, incredibleness; incredulity. [person who doubts] doubter, skeptic, cynic.; unbeliever &c 487. V. disbelieve, discredit; not believe &c 484; misbelieve^; refuse to admit &c (dissent) 489; refuse to believe &c (incredulity) 487. doubt; be doubtful &c (uncertain) 475; doubt the truth of; be skeptical as to &c adj.; diffide^; distrust, mistrust; suspect, smoke, scent, smell a rat; have doubts, harbor doubts, entertain doubts, suspicions; have one's doubts. demure, stick at, pause, hesitate, scruple; stop to consider, waver. hang in suspense, hang in doubt. throw doubt upon, raise a question; bring in, call in question; question, challenge, dispute; deny &c 536; cavil; cause a doubt, raise a doubt, start a doubt, suggest a doubt, awake a doubt, make suspicion; ergotize^. startle, stagger; shake one's faith, shake one's belief, stagger one's faith, stagger one's belief. Adj. unbelieving; skeptical, sceptical. incredulous as to, skeptical as to; distrustful as to, shy as to, suspicious of; doubting &c v.. doubtful &c (uncertain) 475; disputable; unworthy of, undeserving of belief &c 484; questionable; suspect, suspicious; open to suspicion, open to doubt; staggering, hard to believe, incredible, unbelievable, not to be believed, inconceivable; impossible &c 471. fallible &c (uncertain) 475; undemonstrable; controvertible &c (untrue) 495. Adv. cum grano salis [Lat.], with a grain of salt; with grains of allowance. Phr. fronti nulla fides [Lat.]; nimium ne crede colori [Lat.] [Vergil]; timeo Danaos et dona ferentes [Vergil], I fear the Greeks even when bearing gifts, beware of Greeks bearing gifts; credat Judaeus Apella [Lat.] [Horace]; let those believe who may; ad tristem partem stenua est suspicio [Lat.] [Syrus].

486. Credulity — N. credulity, credulousness &c adj.; cullibility^, gullibility; gross credulity, infatuation; self delusion, self deception; superstition; one's blind side; bigotry &c (obstinacy) 606; hyperorthodoxy &c 984 [Obs.]; misjudgment &c 481. credulous person &c (dupe) 547. V. be credulous &c adj.; jurare in verba magistri [Lat.]; follow implicitly; swallow, gulp down; take on trust; take for granted, take for gospel; run away with a notion, run away with an idea; jump to a conclusion, rush to a conclusion; think the moon is made of green cheese; take for granted, grasp the shadow for the substance; catch at straws, grasp at straws. impose upon &c (deceive) 545. Adj. credulous, gullible; easily deceived &c 545; simple, green, soft, childish, silly, stupid; easily convinced; over-credulous, over confident, over trustful; infatuated, superstitious; confiding &c (believing) 484. Phr. the wish the father to the thought; credo quia impossibile [Lat.] [Tertullian]; all is not gold that glitters; no es oro todo lo que reluce [Sp.]; omne ignotum pro magnifico [Lat.].

487. Incredulity — N. incredulousness^, incredulity; skepticism, pyrrhonism^; want of faith &c (irreligion) 989 [Obs.]. suspiciousness &c adj.; scrupulosity; suspicion &c (unbelief) 485. mistrust, cynicism. unbeliever, skeptic, cynic; misbeliever.1, pyrrhonist; heretic &c (heterodox) 984. V. be incredulous &c adj.; distrust &c (disbelieve) 485; refuse to believe; shut one's eyes to, shut one's ears to; turn a deaf ear to; hold aloof, ignore, nullis jurare in verba magistri [Lat.]. Adj. incredulous, skeptical, unbelieving, inconvincible^; hard of belief, shy of belief, disposed to doubt, indisposed to believe; suspicious, scrupulous, distrustful, cynical;

488. Assent — N. assent, assentment^; acquiescence, admission; nod; accord, concord, concordance; agreement &c 23; affirmance, affirmation; recognition, acknowledgment, avowal; confession of faith. unanimity, common consent, consensus, acclamation, chorus, vox populi; popular belief, current belief, current opinion; public opinion; concurrence &c (of causes) 178; cooperation &c (voluntary) 709. ratification, confirmation, corroboration, approval, acceptance, visa; indorsement &c (record) 551 [Obs.]. consent &c (compliance) 762. pressure to conform, herd instinct, peer pressure. V. assent; give assent, yield assent, nod assent; acquiesce; agree &c 23; receive, accept, accede, accord, concur, lend oneself to, consent, coincide, reciprocate, go with; be at one with &c adj.; go along with, chime in with, strike in with, close in with; echo, enter into one's views, agree in opinion; vote, give one's voice for; recognize; subscribe to, conform to, defer to; say yes to, say ditto, amen to, say aye to. acknowledge, own, admit, allow, avow, confess; concede &c (yield) 762; come round to; abide by; permit &c 760. arrive at an understanding, come to an understanding, come to terms, come to an agreement. confirm, affirm; ratify, appprove, indorse, countersign; corroborate &c 467. go with the stream, swim with the stream, go with the flow, blow with the wind; be in fashion, join in the chorus, join the crowd, be one of the guys, be part of the group, go with the crowd, don't make waves; be in every mouth. Adj. assenting &c v.; of one accord, of one mind; of the same mind, at one with, agreed, acquiescent, content; willing &c 602. uncontradicted, unchallenged, unquestioned, uncontroverted. carried, agreed, nem. con. [Lat.], nemine contradicente [Lat.], &c adv.; unanimous; agreed on all hands, carried by acclamation. affirmative &c 535. Adv. yes, yea, ay, aye, true; good; well; very well, very true; well and good; granted; even so, just so; to be sure, 'thou hast said', you said it, you said a mouthful; truly, exactly, precisely, that's just it, indeed, certainly, you bet, certes [Lat.], ex concesso [Lat.]; of course, unquestionably, assuredly, no doubt, doubtless; naturally, natch. be it so; so be it, so let it be; amen; willingly &c 602. affirmatively, in the affirmative. OK, all right, might as well, why not? with one consent, with one voice, with one accord; unanimously, una voce, by common consent, in chorus, to a man; nem. con, nemine contradicente [Lat.]; nemine dissentiente [Lat.]; without a dissentient voice; as one man, one and all, on all hands. Phr. avec plaisir [Fr.]; chi tace accousente [It]; the public mind is the creation of the Master-Writers [Disraeli]; you bet your sweet ass it is; what are we waiting for? whenever you're ready; anytime you're ready.

489. Dissent — N. dissent; discordance &c (disagreement) 24; difference diversity of opinion. nonconformity &c (heterodoxy) 984; protestantism, recusancy, schism; disaffection; secession &c 624; recantation &c 607. dissension &c (discord) 713; discontent &c 832; cavilling. protest; contradiction &c (denial) 536; noncompliance &c (rejection) 764. dissentient, dissenter; non-juror, non-content, nonconformist; sectary, separatist, recusant, schismatic, protestant, heretic. refusal &c 764. V. dissent, demur; call in question &c (doubt) 485; differ in opinion, disagree; say no &c 536; refuse assent, refuse to admit; cavil, protest, raise one's voice against, repudiate; contradict &c (deny) 536. have no notion of, differ toto caelo [Lat.]; revolt at, revolt from the idea. shake the head, shrug the shoulders; look askance, look askant^. secede; recant &c 607. Adj. dissenting &c v.; negative &c 536; dissident, dissentient; unconsenting &c (refusing) 764; non-content, nonjuring^; protestant, recusant; unconvinced, unconverted. unavowed, unacknowledged; out of the question. discontented &c 832; unwilling &c 603; extorted. sectarian, denominational, schismatic; heterodox; intolerant. Adv. no &c 536; at variance, at issue with; under protest. Int. God forbid!, not for the world; I'll be hanged if; never tell me; your humble servant, pardon me. Phr. many men many minds; quot homines tot sententiae [Lat.] [Terence]; tant s'en faut [Fr.]; il s'en faut bien [Fr.]; no way; by no means; count me out.

490. Knowledge — N. knowledge; cognizance, cognition, cognoscence^; acquaintance, experience, ken [Scot.], privity^, insight, familiarity; comprehension, apprehension; recognition; appreciation &c (judgment) 480; intuition; conscience, consciousness; perception, precognition; acroamatics^. light, enlightenment; glimpse, inkling; glimmer, glimmering; dawn; scent, suspicion; impression &c (idea) 453; discovery &c 480.1. system of knowledge, body of knowledge; science, philosophy, pansophy^; acroama^; theory, aetiology^, etiology; circle of the sciences; pandect^, doctrine, body of doctrine; cyclopedia, encyclopedia; school &c (system of opinions) 484. tree of knowledge; republic of letters &c (language) 560. erudition, learning, lore, scholarship, reading, letters; literature; book madness; book learning, bookishness; bibliomania^, bibliolatry^; information, general information; store of knowledge &c; education &c (teaching) 537; culture, menticulture^, attainments; acquirements, acquisitions; accomplishments; proficiency; practical knowledge &c (skill) 698; liberal education; dilettantism; rudiments &c (beginning) 66. deep knowledge, profound knowledge, solid knowledge, accurate knowledge, acroatic knowledge^, acroamatic knowledge^, vast knowledge, extensive knowledge, encyclopedic knowledge, encyclopedic learning; omniscience, pantology^. march of intellect; progress of science, advance of science, advance of learning; schoolmaster abroad. [person who knows much] scholar &c 492. V. know, ken [Scot.], scan, wot^; wot aware^, be aware of &c adj.; ween^, weet^, trow^, have, possess. conceive; apprehend, comprehend; take, realize, understand, savvy [Slang], appreciate; fathom, make out; recognize, discern, perceive, see, get a sight-of, experience. know full well; have some knowledge of, possess some knowledge of; be au courant &c adj.; have in one's head, have at one' fingers ends; know by heart, know by rote; be master of; connaitre le dessous des cartes [Fr.], know what's what &c 698. see one's way; discover &c 480.1. come to one's knowledge &c (information) 527. Adj. knowing &c v.; cognitive; acroamatic^. aware of, cognizant of, conscious of; acquainted with, made acquainted with; privy to, no stranger to; au fait with, au courant; in the secret; up to, alive to; behind the scenes, behind the curtain; let into; apprized of, informed of; undeceived. proficient with, versed with, read with, forward with, strong with, at home in; conversant with, familiar with. erudite, instructed, leaned, lettered, educated; well conned, well informed, well read, well grounded, well educated; enlightened, shrewd, savant, blue, bookish, scholastic, solid, profound, deep-read, book- learned; accomplished &c (skillful) 698; omniscient; self-taught. known &c v.; ascertained, well-known, recognized, received, notorious, noted; proverbial; familiar, familiar as household words, familiar to every schoolboy; hackneyed, trite, trivial, commonplace. cognoscible^, cognizable. Adv. to one's knowledge, to the best of one's knowledge. Phr. one's eyes being opened &c (disclosure) 529; ompredre tout c'est tout pardonner [Fr.], to know all is to pardon all; empta dolore docet experientia [Lat.]; gnothi seauton [Gr.]; half our knowledge we must snatch not take [Pope]; Jahre lehren mehr als Bucher G, years teach more than books G; knowledge comes but wisdom lingers [Tennyson]; knowledge is power [Bacon]; les affaires font les hommes [Fr.]; nec scire fas est omnia [Lat.] [Horace]; the amassed thought and experience of innumerable minds [Emerson]; was ich nicht weiss macht mich nicht heiss G.

491. Ignorance — N. ignorance, nescience, tabula rasa [Lat.], crass ignorance, ignorance crasse [Fr.]; unfamiliarity, unacquaintance^; unconsciousness &c adj.; darkness, blindness; incomprehension, inexperience, simplicity. unknown quantities, x, y, z. sealed book, terra incognita, virgin soil, unexplored ground; dark ages. [Imperfect knowledge] smattering, sciolism^, glimmering, dilettantism; bewilderment &c (uncertainty) 475; incapacity. [Affectation of knowledge] pedantry; charlatanry, charlatism^; Philister^, Philistine. V. be ignorant &c adj.; not know &c 490; know not, know not what, know nothing of; have no idea, have no notion, have no conception; not have the remotest idea; not know chalk from cheese. ignore, be blind to; keep in ignorance &c (conceal) 528. see through a glass darkly; have a film over the eyes, have a glimmering &c n.; wonder whether; not know what to make of &c (unintelligibility) 519; not pretend to take upon, not take upon one self to say. Adj. ignorant; nescient; unknowing, unaware, unacquainted, unapprised, unapprized^, unwitting, unweeting^, unconscious; witless, weetless^; a stranger to; unconversant^. uninformed, uncultivated, unversed, uninstructed, untaught, uninitiated, untutored, unschooled, misguided, unenlightened; Philistine; behind the age. shallow, superficial, green, rude, empty, half-learned, illiterate; unread, uninformed, uneducated, unlearned, unlettered, unbookish; empty-headed, dizzy, wooly-headed; pedantic; in the dark; benighted, belated; blinded, blindfolded; hoodwinked; misinformed; au bout de son latin, at the end of his tether, at fault; at sea &c (uncertain) 475; caught tripping. unknown, unapprehended, unexplained, unascertained, uninvestigated^, unexplored, unheard of, not perceived; concealed &c 528; novel. Adv. ignorantly &c adj.; unawares; for anything, for aught one knows; not that one knows. Int. God knows, Heaven knows, the Lord knows, who knows, nobody knows. Phr. ignorance never settles a question [Disraeli]; quantum animis erroris inest! [Lat.] [Ovid]; small Latin and less Greek [B. Jonson]; that unlettered small-knowing soul [Love's Labor's Lost]; there is no darkness but ignorance [Twelfth Night].

492. Scholar — N. scholar, connoisseur, savant, pundit, schoolman^, professor, graduate, wrangler; academician, academist^; master of arts, doctor, licentitate, gownsman; philosopher, master of math; scientist, clerk; sophist, sophister^; linguist; glossolinguist, philologist; philologer^; lexicographer, glossographer; grammarian; litterateur [Fr.], literati, dilettanti, illuminati, cogniscenti [It]; fellow, Hebraist, lexicologist, mullah, munshi^, Sanskritish; sinologist, sinologue^; Mezzofanti^, admirable Crichton, Mecaenas. bookworm, helluo librorum [Lat.]; bibliophile, bibliomaniac^; bluestocking, bas-bleu [Fr.]; bigwig, learned Theban, don; Artium Baccalaureus [Lat.], Artium Magister [Lat.]. learned man, literary man; homo multarum literarum [Lat.]; man of learning, man of letters, man of education, man of genius. antiquarian, antiquary; archaeologist. sage &c (wise man) 500. pedant, doctrinaire; pedagogue, Dr. Pangloss; pantologist^, criminologist. schoolboy &c (learner) 541. Adj. learned &c 490; brought up at the feet of Gamaliel. Phr. he was a scholar and a ripe and good one [Henry VIII]; the manifold linguist [All's Well That Ends Well].

493. Ignoramus — N. ignoramus, dunce; wooden spoon; no scholar. [insulting terms for ignorant person:] (imbecility) 499 (folly) 501 moron, imbecile, idiot; fool, jerk, nincompoop, asshole [Vulg.]. [person with superficial knowledge] dilettante, sciolist^, smatterer, dabbler, half scholar; charlatan; wiseacre. greenhorn, amateur &c (dupe) 547; novice, tyro &c (learner) 541; numskull. lubber &c (bungler) 701; fool &c 501; pedant &c 492. Adj. bookless^, shallow; ignorant &c 491. Phr. a wit with dunces and a dunce with wits [Pope].

494. [Object of knowledge.] Truth — N. fact, reality &c (existence) 1; plain fact, plain matter of fact; nature &c (principle) 5; truth, verity; gospel, gospel truth, God's honest truth; orthodoxy &c 983.1; authenticity; veracity &c 543; correctness, correctitude^. accuracy, exactitude; exactness, preciseness &c adj.; precision, delicacy; rigor, mathematical precision, punctuality; clockwork precision &c (regularity) 80; conformity to rule; nicety. orthology^; ipsissima verba [Lat.]; realism. plain truth, honest truth, sober truth, naked truth, unalloyed truth, unqualified truth, stern truth, exact truth, intrinsic truth; nuda veritas [Lat.]; the very thing; not an illusion &c 495; real Simon Pure; unvarnished tale, unvarnished truth; the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth; just the thing. V. be true &c adj., be the case; sand the test; have the true ring; hold good, hold true, hold water. render true, prove true &c adj.; substantiate &c (evidence) 467. get at the truth &c (discover) 480.1. Adj. real, actual &c (existing) 1; veritable, true; right, correct; certain &c 474; substantially true, categorically true, definitively true &c; true to the letter, true as gospel; unimpeachable; veracious &c 543; unreconfuted^, unconfuted^; unideal^, unimagined; realistic. exact, accurate, definite, precise, well-defined, just, just so, so; strict, severe; close &c (similar) 17; literal; rigid, rigorous; scrupulous &c (conscientious) 939; religiously exact, punctual, mathematical, scientific; faithful, constant, unerring; curious, particular, nice, delicate, fine; clean-cut, clear-cut. verified, empirically true, experimentally verified, substantiated, proven (demonstrated) 478. rigorously true, unquestionably true. true by definition. genuine, authentic, legitimate; orthodox &c 983.1; official, ex officio. pure, natural, sound, sterling; unsophisticated, unadulterated, unvarnished, unalloyed, uncolored; in its true colors; pukka^. well-grounded, well founded; solid, substantial, tangible, valid; undistorted, undisguised; unaffected, unexaggerated, unromantic, unflattering. Adv. truly &c adj.; verily, indeed, really, in reality; with truth &c (veracity) 543; certainly &c (certain) 474; actually &c (existence) 1; in effect &c (intrinsically) 5. exactly &c adj.; ad amussim [Lat.]; verbatim, verbatim et literatim [Lat.]; word for word, literally, literatim [Lat.], totidem vervis [Lat.], sic, to the letter, chapter and verse, ipsissimis verbis [Lat.]; ad unguem [Lat.]; to an inch; to a nicety, to a hair, to a tittle, to a turn, to a T; au pied de la lettre [Fr.]; neither more nor less; in every respect, in all respects; sous tous les rapports [Fr.]; at any rate, at all events; strictly speaking. Phr. the truth is, the fact is; rem acu tetigisti [Lat.]; en suivant la verite [Fr.]; ex facto jus oritur [Lat.]; la verita e figlia del empo [It]; locos y ninos dicen la verdad [Sp.], crazy people and children tell the truth; nihil est veritatis luce dulcius [Lat.] [Cicero]; veritas nunquam perit [Lat.] [Seneca]; veritatem dies aperit [Lat.] [Seneca]; the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth; just the facts, ma'am, just the facts [Dragnet].

495. Error — N. error, fallacy; misconception, misapprehension, misstanding^, misunderstanding; inexactness &c adj.; laxity; misconstruction &c (misinterpretation) 523; miscomputation &c (misjudgment) 481; non sequitur &c 477; mis-statement, mis-report; mumpsimus^. mistake; miss, fault, blunder, quiproquo, cross purposes, oversight, misprint, erratum, corrigendum, slip, blot, flaw, loose thread; trip, stumble &c (failure) 732; botchery &c (want of skill) 699 [Obs.]; slip of the tongue, slip of the lip, Freudian slip; slip of the pen; lapsus linguae [Lat.], clerical error; bull &c (absurdity) 497; haplography^. illusion, delusion; snare; false impression, false idea; bubble; self-decit, self-deception; mists of error. heresy &c (heterodoxy) 984; hallucination &c (insanity) 503; false light &c (fallacy of vision) 443; dream &c (fancy) 515; fable &c (untruth) 546; bias &c (misjudgment) 481; misleading &c v.. V. be erroneous &c adj.. cause error; mislead, misguide; lead astray, lead into error; beguile, misinform &c (misteach) 538 [Obs.]; delude; give a false impression, give a false idea; falsify, misstate; deceive &c 545; lie &c 544. err; be in error &c adj., be mistaken &c v.; be deceived &c (duped) 547; mistake, receive a false impression, deceive oneself; fall into error, lie under error, labor under an error &c n.; be in the wrong, blunder; misapprehend, misconceive, misunderstand, misreckon, miscount, miscalculate &c (misjudge) 481. play at cross purposes, be at cross purposes &c (misinterpret) 523. trip, stumble; lose oneself &c (uncertainty) 475; go astray; fail &c 732; be in the wrong box; take the wrong sow by the ear &c (mismanage) 699; put the saddle on the wrong horse; reckon without one's host; take the shadow for the substance &c (credulity) 486; dream &c (imagine) 515. Adj. erroneous, untrue, false, devoid of truth, fallacious, apocryphal, unreal, ungrounded, groundless; unsubstantial &c 4; heretical &c (heterodox) 984; unsound; illogical &c 477. inexact, unexact inaccurate^, incorrect; indefinite &c (uncertain) 475. illusive, illusory; delusive; mock, ideal &c (imaginary) 515; spurious &c 545; deceitful &c 544; perverted. controvertible, unsustainable; unauthenticated, untrustworthy. exploded, refuted; discarded. in error, under an error &c n.; mistaken &c v.; tripping &c v.; out, out in one's reckoning; aberrant; beside the mark, wide of the mark, wide of the truth, way off, far off; astray &c (at fault) 475; on a false scent, on the wrong scent; in the wrong box, outside the ballpark; at cross purposes, all in the wrong; all out. Adv. more or less. Phr. errare est humanum [Lat.]; mentis gratissimus error [Lat.] [Horace]; on the dubious waves of error tost [Cowper]; to err is human, to forgive divine [Pope]; you lie — under a mistake [Shelley].

496. Maxim — N. maxim, aphorism; apothegm, apophthegm^; dictum, saying, adage, saw, proverb; sentence, mot [Fr.], motto, word, byword, moral, phylactery, protasis^. axiom, theorem, scholium^, truism, postulate. first principles, a priori fact, assumption (supposition) 514. reflection &c (idea) 453; conclusion &c (judgment) 480; golden rule &c (precept) 697; principle, principia [Lat.]; profession of faith &c (belief) 484; settled principle, accepted principle, formula. accepted fact. received truth, wise maxim, sage maxim, received maxim, admitted maxim, recognized maxim &c; true saying, common saying, hackneyed saying, trite saying, commonplace saying &c Adj. aphoristic, proverbial, phylacteric^; axiomatic, gnomic. Adv. as the saying goes, as the saying is, as they say.

497. Absurdity — N. absurdity, absurdness &c adj.; imbecility &c 499; alogy^, nonsense, utter nonsense; paradox, inconsistency; stultiloquy^, stultiloquence^; nugacity^. blunder, muddle, bull; Irishism^, Hibernicism^; slipslop^; anticlimax, bathos; sophism &c 477. farce, galimathias^, amphigouri^, rhapsody; farrago &c (disorder) 59; betise [Fr.]; extravagance, romance; sciamachy^. sell, pun, verbal quibble, macaronic^. jargon, fustian, twaddle, gibberish &c (no meaning) 517; exaggeration &c 549; moonshine, stuff; mare's nest, quibble, self- delusion. vagary, tomfoolery, poppycock, mummery, monkey trick, boutade [Fr.], escapade. V. play the fool &c 499; talk nonsense, parler a tort et a travess [Fr.]; battre la campagne [Fr.]; hanemolia bazein [Gr.]; be absurd &c adj.. Adj. absurd, nonsensical, preposterous, egregious, senseless, inconsistent, ridiculous, extravagant, quibbling; self-annulling, self- contradictory; macaronic^, punning. foolish &c 499; sophistical &c 477; unmeaning &c 517; without rhyme or reason; fantastic. Int. fiddlededee!, pish!, pho!^, in the name of the Prophet—figs! [Horace Smith]. Phr. credat Judaeus Apella [Lat.] [Horace]; tell it to the marines.

498. Intelligence, Wisdom — N. intelligence, capacity, comprehension, understanding; cuteness, sabe [U.S.], savvy [U.S.]; intellect &c 450; nous [Fr.], parts, sagacity, mother wit, wit, esprit, gumption, quick parts, grasp of intellect; acuteness &c adj.; acumen, subtlety, penetration, perspicacy^, perspicacity; discernment, due sense of, good judgment; discrimination &c 465; cunning &c 702; refinement &c (taste) 850. head, brains, headpiece, upper story, long head; eagle eye, eagle- glance; eye of a lynx, eye of a hawk. wisdom, sapience, sense; good sense, common sense, horse sense [U.S.], plain sense; rationality, reason; reasonableness &c adj.; judgment; solidity, depth, profundity, caliber; enlarged views; reach of thought, compass of thought; enlargement of mind. genius, inspiration, geist G, fire of genius, heaven-born genius, soul; talent &c (aptitude) 698. [Wisdom in action] prudence &c 864; vigilance &c 459; tact &c 698; foresight &c 510; sobriety, self-possession, aplomb, ballast. a bright thought, not a bad idea. Solomon-like wisdom. V. be intelligent &c adj.; have all one's wits about one; understand &c (intelligible) 518; catch an idea, take in an idea; take a joke, take a hint. see through, see at a glance, see with half an eye, see far into, see through a millstone; penetrate; discern &c (descry) 441; foresee &c 510. discriminate &c 465; know what's what &c 698; listen to reason. Adj. intelligent [Applied to persons], quick of apprehension, keen, acute, alive, brainy, awake, bright, quick, sharp; quick witted, keen witted, clear witted, sharp-eyed, sharp sighted, sharp witted; wide- awake; canny, shrewd, astute; clear-headed; farsighted &c 510; discerning, perspicacious, penetrating, piercing; argute^; quick-witted, nimble-witted, needle-witted; sharp as a needle, sharp as a tack; alive to &c (cognizant) 490; clever &c (apt) 698; arch &c (cunning) 702; pas si bete [Fr.]; acute &c 682. wise, sage, sapient, sagacious, reasonable, rational, sound, in one's right mind, sensible, abnormis sapiens [Lat.], judicious, strong- minded. unprejudiced, unbiased, unbigoted^, unprepossessed^; undazzled^, unperplexed^; unwarped judgment^, impartial, equitable, fair. cool; cool-headed, long-headed, hardheaded, strong-headed; long- sighted, calculating, thoughtful, reflecting; solid, deep, profound. oracular; heaven-directed, heaven-born. prudent &c (cautious) 864; sober, stand, solid; considerate, politic, wise in one's generation; watchful &c 459; provident &c (prepared) 673; in advance of one' age; wise as a serpent, wise as Solomon, wise as Solon. [Applied to actions] wise, sensible, reasonable, judicious; well- thought-out, well-planned, well-judged, well-advised; prudent, politic; expedient &c 646. Phr. aut regem aut fatuum nasci oportet [Lat.]; but with the morning cool reflection came [Scott]; flosculi sententiarum [Lat.]; les affaires font les hommes [Fr.]; mas vale saber que haber [Sp.]; mas vale ser necio que profiadol nemo solus sapit [Lat.] [Plautus]; nosce te [Lat.]; gnothi seauton [Gr.]; nullum magnum ingenium sine mixtura dementiae fuit [Lat.] [Seneca from Aristotle]; sapere aude [Lat.] [Horace]; victrix fortunae sapientia [Lat.] [Juvenal].

499. Imbecility. Folly — N. want of intelligence &c 498, want of intellect &c 450; shadowness^, silliness, foolishness &c adj.; imbecility, incapacity, vacancy of mind, poverty of intellect, weakness of intellect, clouded perception, poor head, apartments to let; stupidity, stolidity; hebetude^, dull understanding, meanest capacity, shortsightedness; incompetence &c (unskillfulness) 699. one's weak side, not one's strong point; bias &c 481; infatuation &c (insanity) 503. simplicity, puerility, babyhood; dotage, anility^, second childishness, fatuity; idiocy, idiotism^; driveling. folly, frivolity, irrationality, trifling, ineptitude, nugacity^, inconsistency, lip wisdom, conceit; sophistry &c 477; giddiness &c (inattention) 458; eccentricity &c 503; extravagance &c (absurdity) 497; rashness &c 863. act of folly &c 699. V. to be an imbecile &c adj.; have no brains, have no sense &c 498. trifle, drivel, radoter^, dote; ramble &c (madness) 503; play the fool, play the monkey, monkey around, fool around; take leave of one's senses (insanity) 503; not see an inch beyond one's nose; stultify oneself &c 699; talk nonsense &c 497. Adj. unintelligent [Applied to persons], unintellectual, unreasoning; mindless, witless, reasoningless^, brainless; halfbaked; having no head &c 498; not bright &c 498; inapprehensible^. weak headed, addle headed, puzzle headed, blunder headed, muddle headed, muddy headed, pig headed, beetle headed, buffle headed^, chuckle headed, mutton headed, maggoty headed, grossheaded^; beef headed, fat witted, fat-headed. weak-minded, feeble-minded; dull minded, shallow minded, lack- brained; rattle-brained, rattle headed; half witted, lean witted, short witted, dull witted, blunt-witted, shallow-pated^, clod-pated^, addle- pated^, addle-brained^; dim-sighted, short-sighted; thick-skulled; weak in the upper story. shallow, borne, weak, wanting, soft, sappy, spoony; dull, dull as a beetle; stupid, heavy, insulse^, obtuse, blunt, stolid, doltish; asinine; inapt &c 699; prosaic &c 843; hebetudinous^. childish, child-like; infantine^, infantile, babyish, babish^; puerile, anile; simple &c (credulous) 486; old-womanish. fatuous, idiotic, imbecile, driveling; blatant, babbling; vacant; sottish; bewildered &c 475. blockish^, unteachable Boeotian, Boeotic; bovine; ungifted, undiscerning^, unenlightened, unwise, unphilosophical^; apish; simious^. foolish, silly, senseless, irrational, insensate, nonsensical, inept; maudlin. narrow-minded &c 481; bigoted &c (obstinate) 606; giddy &c (thoughtless) 458; rash &c 863; eccentric &c (crazed) 503. [Applied to actions] foolish, unwise, injudicious, improper, unreasonable, without reason, ridiculous, absurd, idiotic, silly, stupid, asinine; ill-imagined, ill-advised, ill-judged, ill-devised; mal entendu [Fr.]; inconsistent, irrational, unphilosophical^; extravagant &c (nonsensical) 497; sleeveless, idle; pointless, useless &c 645; inexpedient &c 647; frivolous &c (trivial) 643. Phr. Davus sum non [Lat.] [Oedipus]; a fool's bolt is soon shot [Henry V.] clitellae bovi sunt impositae [Lat.] [Cicero]; fools rush in where angels fear to tread [Pope]; il n' a ni bouche ni eperon [Fr.]; the bookful blockhead, ignorantly read [Pope]; to varnish nonsense with the charms of sound [Churchill].

500. Sage — N. sage, wise man; genius; master mind, master spirit of the age; longhead^, thinker; intellectual, longhair. authority, oracle, luminary, shining light, esprit fort, magnus Apollo [Lat.], Solon, Solomon, Nestor, Magi, second Daniel. man of learning &c 492; expert &c 700; wizard &c 994. wiseacre [Iron.], bigwig, know-it-all; poor man's Einstein. Adj. venerable, reverenced, emeritus. Phr. barba tenus sapientes [Lat.].

501. Fool — N. fool, idiot, tomfool, wiseacre, simpleton, witling^, dizzard^, donkey, ass; ninny, ninnyhammer^; chowderhead^, chucklehead^; dolt, booby, Tom Noddy, looby^, hoddy-doddy^, noddy, nonny, noodle, nizy^, owl; goose, goosecap^; imbecile; gaby^; radoteur^, nincompoop, badaud^, zany; trifler, babbler; pretty fellow; natural, niais^. child, baby, infant, innocent, milksop, sop. oaf, lout, loon, lown^, dullard, doodle, calf, colt, buzzard, block, put, stick, stock, numps^, tony. bull head, dunderhead, addlehead^, blockhead, dullhead^, loggerhead, jolthead^, jolterhead^, beetlehead^, beetlebrain, grosshead^, muttonhead, noodlehead, giddyhead^; numbskull, thickskull^; lackbrain^, shallowbrain^; dimwit, halfwit, lackwit^; dunderpate^; lunkhead sawney [U.S.], gowk^; clod, clod-hopper; clod-poll, clot-poll, clot-pate; bull calf; gawk, Gothamite, lummox, rube [U.S.]; men of Boeotia, wise men of Gotham. un sot a triple etage [Fr.], sot; jobbernowl^, changeling, mooncalf, gobemouche^. dotard, driveler; old fogey, old woman, crock; crone, grandmother; cotquean^, henhussy^. incompetent (insanity) 503. greenhorn &c (dupe) 547; dunce &c (ignoramus) 493; lubber &c (bungler) 701; madman &c 504. one who will not set the Thames on fire; one who did not invent gunpowder, qui n'a pas invente' la poudre [Fr.]; no conjuror. Phr. fortuna favet fatuis [Lat.]; les fous font les festinas et les sages les mangent [Fr.]; nomina stultorum parietibus harrent [Lat.]; stultorum plena sunt omnia [Lat.] [Cicero].

502. Sanity — N. sanity; soundness &c adj.; rationality, sobriety, lucidity, lucid interval; senses, sober senses, right mind, sound mind, mens sana [Lat.]. V. be sane &c adj.; retain one's senses, retain one's reason. become sane &c adj.; come to one's senses, sober down. render sane &c adj.; bring to one's senses, sober. Adj. sane, rational, reasonable, compos mentis, of sound mind; sound, sound-minded; lucid. self-possessed; sober, sober-minded. in one's sober senses, in one's right mind; in possession of one's faculties. Adv. sanely &c adj..

503. Insanity — N. disordered reason, disordered intellect; diseased mind, unsound mind, abnormal mind; derangement, unsoundness; psychosis; neurosis; cognitive disorder; affective disorder^. insanity, lunacy; madness &c adj.; mania, rabies, furor, mental alienation, aberration; paranoia, schizophrenia; dementation^, dementia, demency^; phrenitis^, phrensy^, frenzy, raving, incoherence, wandering, delirium, calenture of the brain^; delusion, hallucination; lycanthropy^; brain storm^. vertigo, dizziness, swimming; sunstroke, coup de soleil [Fr.], siriasis^. fanaticism, infatuation, craze; oddity, eccentricity, twist, monomania (caprice) 608; kleptodipsomania^; hypochondriasis [Med.] &c (low spirits) 837; melancholia, depression, clinical depression, severe depression; hysteria; amentia^. screw loose, tile loose, slate loose; bee in one's bonnet, rats in the upper story. dotage &c (imbecility) 499. V. be insane &c adj.. become insane &c adj.; lose one's senses, lose one's reason, lose one's faculties, lose one's wits; go mad, run mad, lose one's marbles [Coll.], go crazy, go bonkers [Coll.], flip one's wig [Coll.], flip one's lid [Coll.], flip out [Coll.], flip one's bush [Coll.]. rave, dote, ramble, wander; drivel &c (be imbecile) 499; have a screw loose &c n., have a devil; avoir le diable au corps [Fr.]; lose one's head &c (be uncertain) 475. render mad, drive mad &c adj.; madden, dementate^, addle the wits, addle the brain, derange the head, infatuate, befool^; turn the brain, turn one's head; drive one nuts [Coll.]. Adj. insane, mad, lunatic, loony [Coll.]; crazy, crazed, aliene^, non compos mentis; not right, cracked, touched; bereft of reason; all possessed, unhinged, unsettled in one's mind; insensate, reasonless, beside oneself, demented, daft; phrenzied^, frenzied, frenetic; possessed, possessed with a devil; deranged, maddened, moonstruck; shatterpated^; mad-brained, scatter brained, shatter brained, crackbrained; touched, tetched [Coll.]; off one's head. [behavior suggesting insanity] maniacal; delirious, lightheaded, incoherent, rambling, doting, wandering; frantic, raving, stark staring mad, stark raving mad, wild-eyed, berserk; delusional, hallucinatory. [behavior somewhat resembling insanity] corybantic^, dithyrambic; rabid, giddy, vertiginous, wild; haggard, mazed; flighty; distracted, distraught; depressed; agitated, hyped up; bewildered &c (uncertain) 475. mad as a March hare, mad as a hatter; of unsound mind &c n.; touched in one's head, wrong in one's head, not right in one's head, not in one's right mind, not right in one's wits, upper story; out of one's mind, out of one's wits, out of one's skull [Coll.], far gone, out of one's senses, out of one's wits; not in one's right mind. fanatical, infatuated, odd, eccentric; hypped^, hyppish^; spaced out [Coll.]. imbecile, silly, &c 499. Adv. like one possessed. Phr. the mind having lost its balance; the reason under a cloud; tet exaltee [Fr.], tet montee [Fr.]; ira furor brevis est [Lat.]; omnes stultos insanire [Lat.] [Horace].

504. Madman — N. madman, lunatic, maniac, bedlamite^, candidate for Bedlam, raver^, madcap, crazy; energumen^; automaniac^, monomaniac, dipsomaniac, kleptomaniac; hypochondriac &c (low spirits);; crank, Tom o'Bedlam. dreamer &c 515; rhapsodist, seer, highflier^, enthusiast, fanatic, fanatico [Sp.]; exalte [Fr.]; knight errant, Don Quixote. idiot &c 501.

SECTION VI EXTENSION OF THOUGHT 1. To the Past

505. Memory — N. memory, remembrance; retention, retentiveness; tenacity; veteris vestigia flammae [Lat.]; tablets of the memory; readiness. reminiscence, recognition, recollection, rememoration^; recurrence, flashback; retrospect, retrospection. afterthought, post script, PS. suggestion &c (information) 527; prompting &c v.; hint, reminder; remembrancer^, flapper; memorial &c (record) 551; commemoration &c (celebration) 883. [written reminder] note, memo, memorandum; things to be remembered, token of remembrance, memento, souvenir, keepsake, relic, memorabilia. art of memory, artificial memory; memoria technica [Lat.]; mnemonics, mnemotechnics^; phrenotypics^; Mnemosyne. prompt-book; crib sheet, cheat sheet. retentive memory, tenacious memory, photographic memory, green memory^, trustworthy memory, capacious memory, faithful memory, correct memory, exact memory, ready memory, prompt memory, accurate recollection; perfect memory, total recall. celebrity, fame, renown, reputation &c (repute) 873. V. remember, mind; retain the memory of, retain the remembrance of; keep in view. recognize, recollect, bethink oneself, recall, call up, retrace; look back, trace back, trace backwards; think back, look back upon; review; call upon, recall upon, bring to mind, bring to remembrance; carry one's thoughts back; rake up the past. have in the thoughts, hold in the thoughts, bear in the thoughts, carry in the thoughts, keep in the thoughts, retain in the thoughts, have in the memory, hold in the memory, bear in the memory, carry in the memory, keep in the memory, retain in the memory, have in the mind, hold in the mind, bear in the mind, carry in the mind, keep in the mind, retain in the mind, hold in remembrance; be in one's thoughts, live in one's thoughts, remain in one's thoughts, dwell in one's thoughts, haunt one's thoughts, impress one's thoughts, be in one's mind, live in one's mind, remain in one's mind, dwell in one's mind, haunt one's mind, impress one's mind, dwell in one's memory. sink in the mind; run in the head; not be able to get out of one's head; be deeply impressed with; rankle &c (revenge) 919. recur to the mind; flash on the mind, flash across the memory. [cause to remember] remind; suggest &c (inform ) 527; prompt; put in mind, keep in mind, bring to mind; fan the embers; call up, summon up, rip up; renew; infandum renovare dolorem [Lat.]; jog the memory, flap the memory, refresh the memory, rub up the memory, awaken the memory; pull by the sleeve; bring back to the memory, put in remembrance, memorialize. task the memory, tax the memory. get at one's fingers' ends, have at one's fingers', learn at one's fingers', know one's lesson, say one's lesson, repeat by heart, repeat by rote; say one's lesson; repeat, repeat as a parrot; have at one's fingers' ends, have at one's finger tips; commit to memory, memorize; con over, con; fix in the memory, rivet in the memory, imprint in the memory, impress in the memory, stamp in the memory, grave in the memory, engrave in the memory, store in the memory, treasure up in the memory, bottle up in the memory, embalm in the memory, enshrine in the memory; load the memory with, store the memory with, stuff the memory with, burden the memory with. redeem from oblivion; keep the memory alive, keep the wound green, pour salt in the wound, reopen old wounds'; tangere ulcus [Lat.]; keep up the memory of; commemorate &c (celebrate) 883. make a note of, jot a note, pen a memorandum &c (record) 551. Adj. remembering, remembered &c v.; mindful, reminiscential^; retained in the memory &c v.; pent up in one's memory; fresh; green, green in remembrance; unforgotten, present to the mind; within one's memory &c n.; indelible; uppermost in one's thoughts; memorable &c (important) 642. Adv. by heart, by rote; without book, memoriter^. in memory of; in memoriam; memoria in aeterna [Lat.]; suggestive. Phr. manet alta mente repostum [Lat.] [Vergil]; forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit [Lat.] [Vergil]; absens haeres non erit [Lat.]; beatae memoriae [Lat.]; briefly thyself remember [Lear]; mendacem memorem esse oportet [Lat.] [Quintilian]; memory the warder of the brain [Macbeth]; parsque est meminisse doloris [Lat.] [Ovid]; to live in hearts we leave behind is not to die [Campbell]; vox audita peril littera scripta manet [Lat.]; out of sight, out of mind.

506. Oblivion — N. oblivion, obliviousness, lethe; forgetfulness &c adj.; amnesia; obliteration of &c 552, insensibility to the past &c 823. short memory, treacherous memory, poor memory, loose memory, slippery memory, failing memory; decay of memory, failure of memory, lapse of memory; waters of Lethe, waters of oblivion. amnesty, general pardon. [deliberate or unconscious forgetting] repressed memory. V. forget; be forgetful &c adj.; fall into oblivion, sink into oblivion; have a short memory &c n., have no head. forget one's own name, have on the tip of one's tongue, come in one ear and go out the other. slip memory, escape memory, fade from memory, die away from the memory; lose, lose sight of. fail to recall, not be able to recall. [cause oneself to forget] unlearn; efface &c 552, discharge from the memory; consign to oblivion, consign to the tomb of the Capulets; think no more of &c (turn the attention from) 458; cast behind one's back, wean one's thoughts from; let bygones be bygones &c (forgive) 918. Adj. forgotten &c v.; unremembered, past recollection, bygone, out of mind; buried in oblivion, sunk in oblivion; clean forgotten; gone out of one's head, gone out of one's recollection. forgetful, oblivious, mindless, Lethean; insensible to the past &c 823; heedless. Phr. non mi ricordo [It]; the memory failing, the memory deserting one, being at fault, being in fault. 2. To the Future

507. Expectation — N. expectation, expectance, expectancy; anticipation, reckoning, calculation; foresight &c 510. contemplation, prospection^, lookout; prospect, perspective, horizon, vista; destiny &c 152. suspense, waiting, abeyance; curiosity &c 455; anxious expectation, ardent expectation, eager expectation, breathless expectation, sanguine expectation; torment of Tantalus. hope &c 858; trust &c (belief) 484; auspices &c (prediction) 511; assurance, confidence, presumption, reliance. V. expect; look for, look out for, look forward to; hope for; anticipate; have in prospect, have in contemplation; keep in view; contemplate, promise oneself; not wonder at &c 870, not wonder if. wait for, tarry for, lie in wait for, watch for, bargain for; keep a good lookout for, keep a sharp lookout for; await; stand at 'attention' abide, bide one's time, watch. foresee &c 510; prepare for &c 673; forestall &c (be early) 132; count upon &c (believe in) 484; think likely &c (probability) 472. lead one to expect &c (predict) 511; have in store for &c (destiny) 152. prick up one's ears, hold one's breath. Adj. expectant; expecting &c v.; in expectation &c n.; on the watch &c (vigilant) 459; open-eyed, open-mouthed, in wide-eyed anticipation; agape, gaping, all agog; on tenterhooks, on tiptoe, on the tiptoe of expectation; aux aguets^; ready; curious &c 455; looking forward to. expected &c v.; long expected, foreseen; in prospect &c n.; prospective; in one's eye, in one's view, in the horizon, on the horizon, just over the horizon, just around the corner, around the corner; impending &c (destiny) 152. Adv. on the watch &c adj.; with breathless expectation &c n.; with bated breath, with rapt anticipation; arrectis auribus [Lat.]. Phr. we shall see; nous verrons [Fr.]; expectation whirls me round [Troilus and Cressida]; the light at the end of the tunnel.

508. Inexpectation — N. inexpectation^, non-expectation; false expectation &c (disappointment) 509; miscalculation &c 481. surprise, sudden burst, thunderclap, blow, shock, start; bolt out of the blue; wonder &c 870; eye opener. unpleasant surprise, pleasant surprise. V. not expect &c 507; be taken by surprise; start; miscalculate &c 481; not bargain for; come upon, fall upon. be unexpected &c adj.; come unawares &c adv.; turn up, pop, drop from the clouds; come upon one, burst upon one, flash upon one, bounce upon one, steal upon one, creep upon one; come like a thunder clap, burst like a thunderclap, thunder bolt; take by surprise, catch by surprise, catch unawares, catch napping; yach [S. Afr.]. pounce upon, spring a mine upon. surprise, startle, take aback, electrify, stun, stagger, take away one's breath, throw off one's guard; astonish, dumbfound &c (strike with wonder) 870. Adj. nonexpectant^; surprised &c v.; unwarned, unaware; off one's guard; inattentive 458. unexpected, unanticipated, unpredicted^, unlooked for, unforeseen, unhoped for; dropped from the clouds; beyond expectation, contrary to expectation, against expectation, against all expectation; out of one's reckoning; unheard of &c (exceptional) 83; startling, surprising; sudden &c (instantaneous) 113. unpredictable, unforeseeable (unknowable) 519. Adv. abruptly, unexpectedly, surprisingly; plump, pop, a l'improviste [Fr.], unawares; without notice, without warning, without a 'by your leave'; like a thief in the night, like a thunderbolt; in an unguarded moment; suddenly &c (instantaneously) 113. Int. heydey!^, &c (wonder) 870. Phr. little did one think, little did one expect; nobody would ever suppose, nobody would ever think, nobody would ever expect; who would have thought? it beats the Dutch^.

509. [Failure of expectation.] Disappointment — N. disappointment; blighted hope, balk; blow; anticlimax; slip 'twixt cup and lip; nonfulfillment of one's hopes; sad disappointment, bitter disappointment; trick of fortune; afterclap; false expectation, vain expectation; miscalculation &c 481; fool's paradise; much cry and little wool. V. be disappointed; look blank, look blue; look aghast, stand aghast &c (wonder) 870; find to one's cost; laugh on the wrong side of one's mouth; find one a false prophet. not realize one's hope, not realize one's expectation. [cause to be disappointed] disappoint; frustrate, discomfit, crush, defeat (failure) 732; crush one's hope, dash one's hope, balk one's hope, disappoint one's hope, blight one's hope, falsify one's hope, defeat one's hope, discourage; balk, jilt, bilk; play one false, play a trick; dash the cup from the lips, tantalize; dumfound, dumbfound, dumbfounder, dumfounder (astonish) 870. Adj. disappointed &c v.; disconcerted, aghast; disgruntled; out of one's reckoning. Phr. the mountain labored and brought forth a mouse; parturiunt montes [Lat.]; nascitur ridiculus mus [Lat.] [Horace]; diis aliter visum [Lat.], the bubble burst; one's countenance falling.

510. Foresight — N. foresight, prospicience^, prevision, long- sightedness; anticipation; providence &c (preparation) 673. forethought, forecast; predeliberation^, presurmise^; foregone conclusion &c (prejudgment) 481; prudence &c (caution) 864. foreknowledge; prognosis; precognition, prescience, prenotion^, presentiment; second sight; sagacity &c (intelligence) 498; antepast^, prelibation^, prophasis^. prospect &c (expectation) 507; foretaste; prospectus &c (plan) 626. V. foresee; look forwards to, look ahead, look beyond; scent from afar; look into the future, pry into the future, peer into the future. see one's way; see how the land lies, get the lay of the land, see how the wind blows, test the waters, see how the cat jumps. anticipate; expect &c 507; be beforehand &c (early) 132; predict &c 511; foreknow, forejudge, forecast; presurmise^; have an eye to the future, have an eye to the main chance; respicere finem [Lat.]; keep a sharp lookout &c (vigilance) 459; forewarn &c 668. Adj. foreseeing &c v.; prescient; farseeing, farsighted; sagacious &c (intelligent) 498; weatherwise^; provident &c (prepared) 673; prospective &c 507. Adv. against the time when. Phr. cernit omnia Deus vindex [Lat.]; mihi cura futuri [Lat.]; run it up the flagpole and see who salutes.

511. Prediction — N. prediction, announcement; program, programme [Brit.] &c (plan) 626; premonition &c (warning) 668; prognosis, prophecy, vaticination, mantology^, prognostication, premonstration^; augury, auguration^; ariolation^, hariolation^; foreboding, aboding^; bodement^, abodement^; omniation^, omniousness^; auspices, forecast; omen &c 512; horoscope, nativity; sooth^, soothsaying; fortune telling, crystal gazing; divination; necromancy &c 992. [Divination by the stars] astrology^, horoscopy^, judicial astrology^. [Place of Prediction]. adytum prefiguration^, prefigurement; prototype, type. [person who predicts] oracle &c 513. V. predict, prognosticate, prophesy, vaticinate, divine, foretell, soothsay, augurate^, tell fortunes; cast a horoscope, cast a nativity; advise; forewarn &c 668. presage, augur, bode; abode, forebode; foretoken, betoken; prefigure, preshow^; portend; foreshow^, foreshadow; shadow forth, typify, pretypify^, ominate^, signify, point to. usher in, herald, premise, announce; lower. hold out expectation, raise expectation, excite expectation, excite hope; bid fair, promise, lead one to expect; be the precursor &c 64. [predict by mathematical or statistical means from past experience] extrapolate, project. Adj. predicting &c v.; predictive, prophetic; fatidic^, fatidical^; vaticinal, oracular, fatiloquent^, haruspical, Sibylline; weatherwise^. ominous, portentous, augurous^, augurial, augural; auspicial^, auspicious; prescious^, monitory, extispicious^, premonitory, significant of, pregnant with, bit with the fate of. Phr. coming events cast their shadows before [Campbell]; dicamus bona verba [Lat.]; there buds the promise of celestial worth [Young]. [Divination: list] by oracles, Theomancy^; by the Bible, Bibliomancy; by ghosts, Psychomancy^; by crystal gazing, Crystallomancy^; by shadows or manes, Sciomancy; by appearances in the air, Aeromancy^, Chaomancy^; by the stars at birth, Genethliacs; by meteors, Meteoromancy^; by winds, Austromancy^; by sacrificial appearances, Aruspicy, Haruspicy^, Hieromancy^, Hieroscopy^; by the entrails of animals sacrificed, Extispicy^, Hieromancy^; by the entrails of a human sacrifice, Anthropomancy^; by the entrails of fishes, Ichthyomancy^; by sacrificial fire, Pyromancy^; by red-hot iron, Sideromancy^; by smoke from the altar, Capnomancy^; by mice, Myomancy^; by birds, Orniscopy^, Ornithomancy^; by a cock picking up grains, Alectryomancy, Alectromancy^; by fishes, Ophiomancy^; by herbs, Botanomancy^; by water, Hydromancy^; by fountains, Pegomancy^; by a wand, Rhabdomancy; by dough of cakes, Crithomancy^; by meal, Aleuromancy^, Alphitomancy^; by salt, Halomancy^; by dice, Cleromancy^; by arrows, Belomancy^; by a balanced hatchet, Axinomancy^; by a balanced sieve, Coscinomancy^; by a suspended ring, Dactyliomancy^; by dots made at random on paper, Geomancy^; by precious stones, Lithomancy^; by pebbles, Pessomancy^; by pebbles drawn from a heap, Psephomancy^; by mirrors, Catoptromancy^; by writings in ashes, Tephramancy^; by dreams, Oneiromancy^; by the hand, Palmistry, Chiromancy; by nails reflecting the sun's rays, Onychomancy^; by finger rings, Dactylomancy^; by numbers, Arithmancy^; by drawing lots, Sortilege^; by passages in books, Stichomancy^; by the letters forming the name of the person, Onomancy^, Nomancy; by the features, Anthroposcopy^; by the mode of laughing, Geloscopy^; by ventriloquism, Gastromancy^; by walking in a circle, Gyromancy^; by dropping melted wax into water, Ceromancy^; by currents, Bletonism; by the color and peculiarities of wine, Oenomancy^.

512. Omen — N. omen, portent, presage, prognostic, augury, auspice; sign &c (indication) 550; harbinger &c (precursor) 64; yule candle^. bird of ill omen; signs of the times; gathering clouds; warning &c 668. prefigurement &c 511. Adj. ill-boding. Phr. auspicium melioris aevi [Lat.].

513. Oracle — N. oracle; prophet, prophesier, seer, soothsayer, augur, fortune teller, crystal gazer^, witch, geomancer^, aruspex^; aruspice^, haruspice^; haruspex; astrologer, star gazer^; Sibyl; Python, Pythoness^; Pythia; Pythian oracle, Delphian oracle; Monitor, Sphinx, Tiresias, Cassandra^, Sibylline leaves; Zadkiel, Old Moore; sorcerer &c 994; interpreter, &c 524. [person who predicts by non-mystical (natural) means] predictor, prognosticator, forecaster; weather forecaster, weatherman. Phr. a prophet is without honor in his own country; you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows [Bob Dylan].

SECTION VII. CREATIVE THOUGHT

514. Supposition — N. supposition, assumption, assumed position, postulation, condition, presupposition, hypothesis, blue sky hypothesis, postulate, postulatum [Lat.], theory; thesis, theorem; data; proposition, position; proposal &c (plan) 626; presumption &c (belief) 484; divination. conjecture; guess, guesswork, speculation; rough guess, shot, shot in the dark [Coll.]; conjecturality^; surmise, suspicion, sneaking suspicion; estimate, approximation (nearness) 197. inkling, suggestion, hint, intimation, notion, impression; bare supposition, vague supposition, loose supposition, loose suggestion. association of ideas, (analogy) 514.1; metonym [Gramm.], metonymy [Gramm.], simile (metaphor) 521. conceit, idea, thought; original idea, invention (imagination) 515. V. suppose, conjecture, surmise, suspect, guess, divine; theorize; presume, presurmise^, presuppose; assume, fancy, wis^, take it; give a guess, speculate, believe, dare say, take it into one's head, take for granted; imagine &c 515. put forth; propound, propose; start, put a case, submit, move, make a motion; hazard out, throw out a suggestion, put forward a suggestion, put forward conjecture. allude to, suggest, hint, put it into one's head. suggest itself &c (thought) 451; run in the head &c (memory) 505; marvel if, wonder if, wonder whether. Adj. supposing &c v.; given, mooted, postulatory^; assumed &c v.; supposititious, suppositive^, suppositious; gratuitous, speculative, conjectural, hypothetical, theoretical, academic, supposable, presumptive, putative; suppositional. suggestive, allusive. Adv. if, if so be; an; on the supposition &c n.; ex hypothesi [Lat.]; in the case, in the event of; quasi, as if, provided; perhaps &c (by possibility) 470; for aught one knows.

514a. Analogy — N. analogy, association, association of ideas. metaphor &c 521. analogical thinking; free association; train of thought. Adj. analogical.

515. Imagination — N. imagination; originality; invention; fancy; inspiration; verve. warm imagination, heated imagination, excited imagination, sanguine imagination, ardent imagination, fiery imagination, boiling imagination, wild imagination, bold imagination, daring imagination, playful imagination, lively imagination, fertile imagination, fancy. mind's eye; such stuff as dreams are made of [Tempest]. ideality, idealism; romanticism, utopianism, castle-building. dreaming; phrensy^, frenzy; ecstasy, extasy^; calenture &c (delirium) 503 [Obs.]; reverie, trance; day dream, golden dream; somnambulism. conception, Vorstellung G, excogitation^, a fine frenzy; cloudland^, dreamland; flight of fancy, fumes of fancy; thick coming fancies [Macbeth]; creation of the brain, coinage of the brain; imagery. conceit, maggot, figment, myth, dream, vision, shadow, chimera; phantasm, phantasy; fantasy, fancy; whim, whimsey^, whimsy; vagary, rhapsody, romance, gest^, geste^, extravaganza; air drawn dagger, bugbear, nightmare. flying Dutchman, great sea serpent, man in the moon, castle in the air, pipe dream, pie-in-the-sky, chateau en Espagne [Fr.]; Utopia, Atlantis^, happy valley, millennium, fairyland; land of Prester John, kindgom of Micomicon; work of fiction &c (novel) 594; Arabian nights^; le pot au lait [Fr.]; dream of Alnashar &c (hope) 858 [Obs.]. illusion &c (error) 495; phantom &c (fallacy of vision) 443; Fata Morgana &c (ignis fatuus) 423 [Lat.]; vapor &c (cloud) 353; stretch of the imagination &c (exaggeration) 549; mythogenesis^. idealist, romanticist, visionary; mopus^; romancer, dreamer; somnambulist; rhapsodist &c (fanatic) 504; castle-buildier, fanciful projector. V. imagine, fancy, conceive; idealize, realize; dream, dream of, dream up; give to airy nothing a local habitation and a name [Midsummer Night's Dream]. create, originate, devise, invent, coin, fabricate; improvise, strike out something new. set one's wits to work; strain one's invention, crack one's invention; rack one's brains, ransack one's brains, cudgel one's brains; excogitate^; brainstorm. give play, give the reins, give a loose to the imagination, give fancy; indulge in reverie. visualize, envision, conjure up a vision; fancy oneself, represent oneself, picture, picture-oneself, figure to oneself; vorstellen G. float in the mind; suggest itself &c (thought) 451. Adj. imagined &c v.; ben trovato [It]; air drawn, airbuilt^. imagining &c v., imaginative; original, inventive, creative, fertile. romantic, high flown, flighty, extravagant, fanatic, enthusiastic, unrealistic, Utopian, Quixotic. ideal, unreal; in the clouds, in nubibus [Lat.]; unsubsantial^ &c 4; illusory &c (fallacious) 495. fabulous, legendary; mythical, mythic, mythological; chimerical; imaginary, visionary; notional; fancy, fanciful, fantastic, fantastical^; whimsical; fairy, fairy-like; gestic^. Phr. a change came o'er the spirit of my dream [Byron]; aegri somnia vana [Lat.]; dolphinum appingit sylvis in fluctibus aprum [Horace]; fancy light from fancy caught [Tennyson]; imagination rules the world [Napoleon]; l'imagination gallope [Fr.], le jugement ne va que le pas [Fr.]; musaeo contingens cuncta lepore [Lat.] [Lucretius]; tous songes sont mensonges [Fr.]; Wahrheil und Dichtung G. DIVISION II COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS