299. Excretion — N. excretion, discharge, emanation; exhalation, exudation, extrusion, secretion, effusion, extravasation [Med.], ecchymosis [Med.]; evacuation, dejection, faeces, excrement, shit, stools, crap [Vulg.]; bloody flux; cacation^; coeliac-flux, coeliac- passion; dysentery; perspiration, sweat; subation^, exudation; diaphoresis; sewage; eccrinology [Med.]. saliva, spittle, rheum; ptyalism^, salivation, catarrh; diarrhoea; ejecta, egesta [Biol.], sputa; excreta; lava; exuviae &c (uncleanness) 653 [Lat.]. hemorrhage, bleeding; outpouring &c (egress) 295. V. excrete &c (eject) 297; emanate &c (come out) 295.

300. [Forcible ingress.] Insertion — N. insertion, implantation, introduction; insinuation &c (intervention) 228; planting, &c v.; injection, inoculation, importation, infusion; forcible ingress &c 294; immersion; submersion, submergence, dip, plunge; bath &c (water) 337; interment &c 363. clyster [Med.], enema, glyster^, lavage, lavement^. V. insert; introduce, intromit; put into, run into; import; inject; interject &c 298; infuse, instill, inoculate, impregnate, imbue, imbrue. graft, ingraft^, bud, plant, implant; dovetail. obtrude; thrust in, stick in, ram in, stuff in, tuck in, press, in, drive in, pop in, whip in, drop in, put in; impact; empierce^ &c (make a hole) 260 [Obs.]. imbed; immerse, immerge, merge; bathe, soak &c (water) 337; dip, plunge &c 310. bury &c (inter) 363. insert itself, lodge itself &c; plunge in medias res. Adj. inserted &c v..

301. [Forcible egress.] Extraction — N. extraction; extracting &c v.; removal, elimination, extrication, eradication, evolution. evulsion^, avulsion^; wrench; expression, squeezing; extirpation, extermination; ejection &c 297; export &c (egress) 295. extractor, corkscrew, forceps, pliers. V. extract, draw; take out, draw out, pull out, tear out, pluck out, pick out, get out; wring from, wrench; extort; root up, weed up, grub up, rake up, root out, weed out, grub out, rake out; eradicate; pull up by the roots, pluck up by the roots; averruncate^; unroot^; uproot, pull up, extirpate, dredge. remove; educe, elicit; evolve, extricate; eliminate &c (eject) 297; eviscerate &c 297. express, squeeze out, press out. Adj. extracted &c v..

302. [Motion through.] Passage — N. passage, transmission; permeation; penetration, interpenetration; transudation, infiltration; endosmose exosmose^; endosmosis [Chem]; intercurrence^; ingress &c 294; egress &c 295; path &c 627; conduit &c 350; opening &c 260; journey &c 266; voyage &c 267. V. pass, pass through; perforate &c (hole) 260; penetrate, permeate, thread, thrid^, enfilade; go through, go across; go over, pass over; cut across; ford, cross; pass and repass, work; make one's way, thread one's way, worm one's way, force one's way; make a passage form a passage; cut one's way through; find its way, find its vent; transmit, make way, clear the course; traverse, go over the ground. Adj. passing &c v.; intercurrent^; endosmosmic^, endosmotic [Chem]. Adv. en passant &c (transit) 270 [Fr.].

303. [Motion beyond] Transcursion — N. transcursion^, transiliency^, transgression; trespass; encroachment, infringement; extravagation^, transcendence; redundancy &c 641. V. transgress, surpass, pass; go beyond, go by; show in front, come to the front; shoot ahead of; steal a march upon, steal a gain upon. overstep, overpass, overreach, overgo^, override, overleap, overjump^, overskip^, overlap, overshoot the mark; outstrip, outleap, outjump, outgo, outstep^, outrun, outride, outrival, outdo; beat, beat hollow; distance; leave in the lurch, leave in the rear; throw into the shade; exceed, transcend, surmount; soar &c (rise) 305. encroach, trespass, infringe, trench upon, entrench on, intrench on^; strain; stretch a point, strain a point; cross the Rubicon. Adj. surpassing &c v.. Adv. beyond the mark, ahead.

304. [motion short of] Shortcoming — N. shortcoming, failure; falling short &c v.; default, defalcation; leeway; labor in vain, no go. incompleteness &c 53; imperfection &c 651; insufficiency &c 640; noncompletion &c 730; failure &c 732. V. 303, come short of, fall short of, stop short of, come short, fall short, stop short; not reach; want; keep within bounds, keep within the mark, keep within the compass. break down, stick in the mud, collapse, flat out [U.S.], come to nothing; fall through, fall to the ground; cave in, end in smoke, miss the mark, fail; lose ground; miss stays. Adj. unreached; deficient; short, short of; minus; out of depth; perfunctory &c (neglect) 460. Adv. within the mark, within the compass, within the bounds; behindhand; re infecta [Lat.]; to no purpose; for from it. Phr. the bubble burst.

305. [Motion upwards] Ascent — N. ascent, ascension; rising &c 309; acclivity, hill &c 217; flight of steps, flight of stairs; ladder rocket, lark; sky rocket, sky lark; Alpine Club. V. ascend, rise, mount, arise, uprise; go up, get up, work one's way up, start up; shoot up, go into orbit; float up; bubble up; aspire. climb, clamber, ramp, scramble, escalade^, surmount; shin, shinny, shinney; scale, scale the heights. [cause to go up] raise, elevate &c 307. go aloft, fly aloft; tower, soar, take off; spring up, pop up, jump up, catapult upwards, explode upwards; hover, spire, plane, swim, float, surge; leap &c 309. Adj. rising &c v.. scandent^, buoyant; supernatant, superfluitant^; excelsior. Adv. uphill.

306. [Motion downwards] Descent — N. descent, descension^, declension, declination; fall; falling &c v.; slump; drop, plunge, plummet, cadence; subsidence, collapse, lapse; downfall, tumble, slip, tilt, trip, lurch; cropper, culbute^; titubation^, stumble; fate of Icarus. avalanche, debacle, landslip, landslide. declivity, dip, hill. [equipment for descending by rappeling] rappel. V. descend; go down, drop down, come down; fall, gravitate, drop, slip, slide, rappel, settle; plunge, plummet, crash; decline, set, sink, droop, come down a peg; slump. dismount, alight, light, get down; swoop; stoop &c 308; fall prostrate, precipitate oneself; let fall &c 308. tumble, trip, stumble, titubate^, lurch, pitch, swag, topple, topple over, tumble over, topple down, tumble down; tilt, sprawl, plump down, come down a cropper. Adj. descending &c v.; descendent; decurrent^, decursive^; labent^, deciduous; nodding to its fall. Adv. downhill, downwards. Phr. the bottom fell out.

307. Elevation — N. elevation; raising &c v.; erection, lift; sublevation^, upheaval; sublimation, exaltation; prominence &c (convexity) 250. lever &c 633; crane, derrick, windlass, capstan, winch; dredge, dredger, dredging machine. dumbwaiter, elevator, escalator, lift. V. heighten, elevate, raise, lift, erect; set up, stick up, perch up, perk up, tilt up; rear, hoist, heave; uplift, upraise, uprear, upbear^, upcast^, uphoist^, upheave; buoy, weigh mount, give a lift; exalt; sublimate; place on a pedestal, set on a pedestal. escalate &c (increase) 35 102 194. take up, drag up, fish up; dredge. stand up, rise up, get up, jump up; spring to one's feet; hold oneself, hold one's head up; drawn oneself up to his full height. Adj. elevated &c v.; stilted, attollent^, rampant. Adv. on stilts, on the shoulders of, on one's legs, on one's hind legs.

308. Depression — N. lowering &c v.; depression; dip &c (concavity) 252; abasement; detrusion^; reduction. overthrow, overset^, overturn; upset; prostration, subversion, precipitation. bow; courtesy, curtsy; genuflexion^, genuflection, kowtow, obeisance, salaam. V. depress, lower, let down, take down, let down a peg, take down a peg; cast; let drop, let fall; sink, debase, bring low, abase, reduce, detrude^, pitch, precipitate. overthrow, overturn, overset^; upset, subvert, prostate, level, fell; cast down, take down, throw down, fling down, dash down, pull down, cut down, knock down, hew down; raze, raze to the ground, rase to the ground^; trample in the dust, pull about one's ears. sit, sit down; couch, squat, crouch, stoop, bend, bow; courtesy, curtsy; bob, duck, dip, kneel; bend the knee, bow the knee, bend the head, bow the head; cower; recline &c (be horizontal) 213. Adj. depressed &c v.; at a low ebb; prostrate &c (horizontal) 213; detrusive^. Phr. facinus quos inquinat aequat [Lat.] [Lucan].

309. Leap — N. leap, jump, hop, spring, bound, vault, saltation^. ance, caper; curvet, caracole; gambade^, gambado^; capriole, demivolt^; buck, buck jump; hop skip and jump; falcade^. kangaroo, jerboa; chamois, goat, frog, grasshopper, flea; buckjumper^; wallaby. V. leap; jump up, jump over the moon; hop, spring, bound, vault, ramp, cut capers, trip, skip, dance, caper; buck, buck jump; curvet, caracole; foot it, bob, bounce, flounce, start; frisk &c (amusement) 840; jump about &c (agitation) 315; trip it on the light fantastic toe, trip the light fantastic, dance oneself off one's legs, dance off one's shoes. Adj. leaping &c v.; saltatory^, frisky. Adv. on the light fantastic toe. Phr. di salto in salto [It].

310. Plunge — N. plunge, dip, dive, header; ducking &c v.; diver. V. plunge, dip, souse, duck; dive, plump; take a plunge, take a header; make a plunge; bathe &c (water) 337. submerge, submerse; immerse; douse, sink, engulf, send to the bottom. get out of one's depth; go to the bottom, go down like a stone, drop like a lead balloon; founder, welter, wallow.

311. [Curvilinear motion.] Circuition — N. circuition^, circulation; turn, curvet; excursion, circumvention, circumnavigation, circumambulation; northwest passage; circuit &c 629. turning &c v.; wrench; evolution; coil, corkscrew. V. turn, bend, wheel; go about, put about; heel; go round to the right about, turn round to the right about; turn on one's heel; make a circle, make a complete circle, describe a circle, describe a complete circle; go through 180 degrees, go through 360 degrees, pass through 180 degrees, pass through 360 degrees. circumnavigate, circumambulate, circumvent; put a girdle round about the earth [M.N.D.]; go the round, make the round of. wind, circulate, meander; whisk, twirl; twist &c (convolution) 248; make a detour &c (circuit) 629. Adj. turning &c v.; circuitous; circumforaneous^, circumfluent^. Adv. round about.

312. [Motion in a continued circle.] Rotation — N. rotation, revolution, spinning, gyration, turning about an axis, turning aound an axis, circulation, roll; circumrotation^, circumvolution, circumgyration^; volutation^, circination^, turbination^, pirouette, convolution. verticity^, whir, whirl, eddy, vortex, whirlpool, gurge^; countercurrent; Maelstrom, Charybdis; Ixion. [rotating air] cyclone; tornado, whirlwind; dust devil. [rotation of an automobile] spin-out. axis, axis of rotation, swivel, pivot, pivot point; axle, spindle, pin, hinge, pole, arbor, bobbin, mandrel; axle shaft; gymbal; hub, hub of rotation. [rotation and translation together] helix, helical motion. [measure of rotation] angular momentum, angular velocity; revolutions per minute, RPM. [result of rotation] centrifugal force; surge; vertigo, dizzy round; coriolus force. [things that go around] carousel, merry-go-round; Ferris wheel; top, dreidel^, teetotum; gyroscope; turntable, lazy suzan; screw, whirligig, rollingstone^, water wheel, windmill; wheel, pulley wheel, roulette wheel, potter's wheel, pinwheel, gear; roller; flywheel; jack; caster; centrifuge, ultracentrifuge, bench centrifuge, refrigerated centrifuge, gas centrifuge, microfuge; drill, augur, oil rig; wagon wheel, wheel, tire, tyre [Brit.]. [Science of rotary motion] trochilics^. [person who rotates] whirling dervish. V. rotate; roll along; revolve, spin; turn round; circumvolve^; circulate; gyre, gyrate, wheel, whirl, pirouette; twirl, trundle, troll, bowl. roll up, furl; wallow, welter; box the compass; spin like a top, spin like a teetotum^. [of an automobile] spin out. Adj. rotating &c v.; rotary, rotary; circumrotatory^, trochilic^, vertiginous, gyratory; vortical, vorticose^. Adv. head over heels, round and round, like a horse in a mill.

313. [Motion in the reverse circle.] Evolution — N. evolution, unfolding, development; evolvement; unfoldment; eversion &c (inversion) 218. V. evolve; unfold, unroll, unwind, uncoil, untwist, unfurl, untwine, unravel; untangle, disentangle; develop. Adj. evolving &c v.; evolved &c v..

314. [Reciprocating motion, motion to and fro.] Oscillation — N. oscillation; vibration, libration; motion of a pendulum; nutation; undulation; pulsation; pulse. alternation; coming and going &c v.; ebb and flow, flux and reflux, ups and down. fluctuation; vacillation &c (irresolution) 605. wave, vibratiuncle^, swing, beat, shake, wag, seesaw, dance, lurch, dodge; logan^, loggan^, rocking-stone, vibroscope^. V. oscillate; vibrate, librate^; alternate, undulate, wave; rock, swing; pulsate, beat; wag, waggle; nod, bob, courtesy, curtsy; tick; play; wamble^, wabble^; dangle, swag. fluctuate, dance, curvet, reel, quake; quiver, quaver; shake, flicker; wriggle; roll, toss, pitch; flounder, stagger, totter; move up and down, bob up and down &c adv.; pass and repass, ebb and flow, come and go; vacillate &c 605; teeter [U.S.]. brandish, shake, flourish. Adj. oscillating &c v.; oscillatory, undulatory, pulsatory^, libratory, rectilinear; vibratory, vibratile^; pendulous. Adv. to and fro, up and down, backwards and forwards, hither and yon, seesaw, zigzag, wibble-wabble^, in and out, from side to side, like buckets in a well.

315. [Irregular motion] Agitation — N. agitation, stir, tremor, shake, ripple, jog, jolt, jar, jerk, shock, succussion^, trepidation, quiver, quaver, dance; jactitation^, quassation^; shuffling &c v.; twitter, flicker, flutter. turbulence, perturbation; commotion, turmoil, disquiet; tumult, tumultuation^; hubbub, rout, bustle, fuss, racket, subsultus^, staggers, megrims, epilepsy, fits; carphology^, chorea, floccillation^, the jerks, St. Vitus's dance, tilmus^. spasm, throe, throb, palpitation, convulsion. disturbance, chaos &c (disorder) 59; restlessness &c (changeableness) 149. ferment, fermentation; ebullition, effervescence, hurly-burly, cahotage^; tempest, storm, ground swell, heavy sea, whirlpool, vortex &c 312; whirlwind &c (wind) 349. V. be agitated &c; shake; tremble, tremble like an aspen leaf; quiver, quaver, quake, shiver, twitter, twire^, writhe, toss, shuffle, tumble, stagger, bob, reel, sway, wag, waggle; wriggle, wriggle like an eel; dance, stumble, shamble, flounder, totter, flounce, flop, curvet, prance, cavort [U.S.]; squirm. throb, pulsate, beat, palpitate, go pitapat; flutter, flitter, flicker, bicker; bustle. ferment, effervesce, foam; boil, boil over; bubble up; simmer. toss about, jump about; jump like a parched pea; shake like an aspen leaf; shake to its center, shake to its foundations; be the sport of the winds and waves; reel to and fro like a drunken man; move from post to pillar and from pillar to post, drive from post to pillar and from pillar to post, keep between hawk and buzzard. agitate, shake, convulse, toss, tumble, bandy, wield, brandish, flap, flourish, whisk, jerk, hitch, jolt; jog, joggle, jostle, buffet, hustle, disturb, stir, shake up, churn, jounce, wallop, whip, vellicate^. Adj. shaking &c v.; agitated tremulous; desultory, subsultory^; saltatoric^; quasative^; shambling; giddy-paced, saltatory^, convulsive, unquiet, restless, all of a twitter. Adv. by fits and starts; subsultorily^ &c adj.^; per saltum [Lat.]; hop skip and jump; in convulsions, in fits. Phr. tempete dans un verre d'eau [Fr.].

CLASS III WORDS RELATING TO MATTER

SECTION I. MATTER IN GENERAL

316. Materiality — N. materiality, materialness; corporeity^, corporality^; substantiality, substantialness, flesh and blood, plenum; physical condition. matter, body, substance, brute matter, stuff, element, principle, parenchyma [Biol.], material, substratum, hyle^, corpus, pabulum; frame. object, article, thing, something; still life; stocks and stones; materials &c 635. [Science of matter] physics; somatology^, somatics; natural philosophy, experimental philosophy; physicism^; physical science, philosophie positive [Fr.], materialism; materialist; physicist; somatism^, somatist^. Adj. material, bodily; corporeal, corporal; physical; somatic, somatoscopic^; sensible, tangible, ponderable, palpable, substantial. objective, impersonal, nonsubjective^, neuter, unspiritual, materialistic.

317. Immateriality — N. immateriality, immaterialness; incorporeity^, spirituality; inextension^; astral plane. personality; I, myself, me; ego, spirit &c (soul) 450; astral body; immaterialism^; spiritualism, spiritualist. V. disembody, spiritualize. Adj. immaterial, immateriate^; incorporeal, incorporal^; incorporate, unfleshly^; supersensible^; asomatous^, unextended^; unembodied^, disembodied; extramundane, unearthly; pneumatoscopic^; spiritual &c (psychical) 450 [Obs.]. personal, subjective, nonobjective.

318. World — N. world, creation, nature, universe; earth, globe, wide world; cosmos; kosmos^; terraqueous globe^, sphere; macrocosm, megacosm^; music of the spheres. heavens, sky, welkin^, empyrean; starry cope, starry heaven, starry host; firmament; Midgard; supersensible regions^; varuna; vault of heaven, canopy of heaven; celestial spaces. heavenly bodies, stars, asteroids; nebulae; galaxy, milky way, galactic circle, via lactea [Lat.], ame no kawa [Jap.]. sun, orb of day, Apollo^, Phoebus; photosphere, chromosphere; solar system; planet, planetoid; comet; satellite, moon, orb of night, Diana, silver-footed queen; aerolite^, meteor; planetary ring; falling star, shooting star; meteorite, uranolite^. constellation, zodiac, signs of the zodiac, Charles's wain, Big Dipper, Little Dipper, Great Bear, Southern Cross, Orion's belt, Cassiopea's chair, Pleiades. colures^, equator, ecliptic, orbit. [Science of heavenly bodies] astronomy; uranography, uranology^; cosmology, cosmography^, cosmogony; eidouranion^, orrery; geodesy &c (measurement) 466; star gazing, star gazer^; astronomer; observatory; planetarium. Adj. cosmic, cosmical^; mundane, terrestrial, terrestrious^, terraqueous^, terrene, terreous^, telluric, earthly, geotic^, under the sun; sublunary^, subastral^. solar, heliacal^; lunar; celestial, heavenly, sphery^; starry, stellar; sidereal, sideral^; astral; nebular; uranic. Adv. in all creation, on the face of the globe, here below, under the sun. Phr. die Weltgeschichte ist das Weltergesicht G; earth is but the frozen echo of the silent voice of God [Hageman]; green calm below, blue quietness above [Whittier]; hanging in a golden chain this pendant World [Paradise Lost]; nothing in nature is unbeautiful [Tennyson]; silently as a dream the fabric rose [Cowper]; some touch of nature's genial glow [Scott]; this majestical roof fretted with golden fire [Hamlet]; through knowledge we behold the World's creation [Spenser].

319. Gravity — N. gravity, gravitation; weight; heaviness &c adj.; specific gravity; pondorosity^, pressure, load; burden, burthen^; ballast, counterpoise; lump of, mass of, weight of. lead, millstone, mountain, Ossa on Pelion. weighing, ponderation^, trutination^; weights; avoirdupois weight, troy weight, apothecaries' weight; grain, scruple, drachma^, ounce, pound, lb, arroba^, load, stone, hundredweight, cwt, ton, long ton, metric ton, quintal, carat, pennyweight, tod^. [metric weights] gram, centigram, milligram, microgram, kilogram; nanogram, picogram, femtogram, attogram. [Weighing Instrument] balance, scale, scales, steelyard, beam, weighbridge^; spring balance, piezoelectric balance, analytical balance, two-pan balance, one-pan balance; postal scale, baby scale. [Science of gravity] statics. V. be heavy &c adj.; gravitate, weigh, press, cumber, load. [Measure the weight of] weigh, poise. Adj. weighty; weighing &c v.; heavy as lead; ponderous, ponderable; lumpish^, lumpy, cumbersome, burdensome; cumbrous, unwieldy, massive. incumbent, superincumbent^.

320. Levity — N. levity; lightness &c adj.; imponderability, buoyancy, volatility. feather, dust, mote, down, thistle, down, flue, cobweb, gossamer, straw, cork, bubble, balloon; float, buoy; ether, air. leaven, ferment, barm^, yeast. lighter-than-air balloon, helium balloon, hydrogen balloon, hot air balloon. convection, thermal draft, thermal. V. be light &c adj.; float, rise, swim, be buoyed up. render light &c adj.; lighten, leaven. Adj. light, subtile, airy; imponderous^, imponderable; astatic^, weightless, ethereal, sublimated; gossamery; suberose^, suberous^; uncompressed, volatile; buoyant, floating &c v.; portable. light as a feather, light as a thistle, light as air; lighter than air; rise like a balloon, float like a balloon

SECTION II. INORGANIC MATTER

1. SOLID MATTER

321. Density — N. density, solidity; solidness &c adj.; impenetrability, impermeability; incompressibility; imporosity^; cohesion &c 46; constipation, consistence, spissitude^. specific gravity; hydrometer, areometer^. condensation; caseation^; solidation^, solidification; consolidation; concretion, coagulation; petrification &c (hardening) 323; crystallization, precipitation; deposit, precipitate; inspissation^; gelation, thickening &c v.. indivisibility, indiscerptibility^, insolubility, indissolvableness. solid body, mass, block, knot, lump; concretion, concrete, conglomerate; cake, clot, stone, curd, coagulum; bone, gristle, cartilage; casein, crassamentum^; legumin^. superdense matter, condensed states of matter; dwarf star, neutron star. V. be dense &c adj.; become solid, render solid &c adj.; solidify, solidate^; concrete, set, take a set, consolidate, congeal, coagulate; curd, curdle; lopper; fix, clot, cake, candy, precipitate, deposit, cohere, crystallize; petrify &c (harden) 323. condense, thicken, gel, inspissate^, incrassate^; compress, squeeze, ram down, constipate. Adj. dense, solid; solidified &c v.; caseous; pukka^; coherent, cohesive &c 46; compact, close, serried, thickset; substantial, massive, lumpish^; impenetrable, impermeable, nonporous, imporous^; incompressible; constipated; concrete &c (hard) 323; knotted, knotty; gnarled; crystalline, crystallizable; thick, grumous^, stuffy. undissolved, unmelted^, unliquefied^, unthawed^. indivisible, indiscerptible^, infrangible^, indissolvable^, indissoluble, insoluble, infusible.

322. Rarity — N. rarity, tenuity; absence of solidity &c 321; subtility^; subtilty^, subtlety; sponginess, compressibility. rarefaction, expansion, dilatation, inflation, subtilization^. vaporization, evaporation, diffusion, gassification^. ether &c (gas) 334. V. rarefy, expand, dilate, subtilize^. Adj. rare, subtile, thin, fine, tenuous, compressible, flimsy, slight; light &c 320; cavernous, spongy &c (hollow) 252. rarefied &c v.; unsubstantial; uncompact^, incompressed^; rarefiable^.

323. Hardness — N. hardness &c adj.; rigidity; renitence^, renitency; inflexibility, temper, callosity, durity^. induration, petrifaction; lapidification^, lapidescence^; vitrification, ossification; crystallization. stone, pebble, flint, marble, rock, fossil, crag, crystal, quartz, granite, adamant; bone, cartilage; hardware; heart of oak, block, board, deal board; iron, steel; cast iron, decarbonized iron, wrought iron; nail; brick, concrete; cement. V. render hard &c adj.; harden, stiffen, indurate, petrify, temper, ossify, vitrify; accrust^. Adj. hard, rigid, stubborn, stiff, firm; starch, starched; stark, unbending, unlimber, unyielding; inflexible, tense; indurate, indurated; gritty, proof. adamant, adamantine, adamantean^; concrete, stony, granitic, calculous, lithic^, vitreous; horny, corneous^; bony; osseous, ossific^; cartilaginous; hard as a rock &c n.; stiff as buckram, stiff as a poker; stiff as starch, stiff as as board.

324. Softness — N. softness, pliableness &c adj.; flexibility; pliancy, pliability; sequacity^, malleability; ductility, tractility^; extendibility, extensibility; plasticity; inelasticity, flaccidity, laxity. penetrability. clay, wax, butter, dough, pudding; alumina, argil; cushion, pillow, feather bed, down, padding, wadding; foam. mollification; softening &c v.. V. render soft &c adj.; soften, mollify, mellow, relax, temper; mash, knead, squash. bend, yield, relent, relax, give. plasticize'. Adj. soft, tender, supple; pliant, pliable; flexible, flexile; lithe, lithesome; lissom, limber, plastic; ductile; tractile^, tractable; malleable, extensile, sequacious^, inelastic; aluminous^; remollient^. yielding &c v.; flabby, limp, flimsy. doughy, spongy, penetrable, foamy, cushiony^. flaccid, flocculent, downy; edematous, oedematous^, medullary [Anat.], argillaceous, mellow. soft as butter, soft as down, soft as silk; yielding as wax, tender as chicken.

325. Elasticity — N. elasticity, springiness, spring, resilience, renitency, buoyancy. rubber, India rubber, Indian rubber, latex, caoutchouc, whalebone, gum elastic, baleen, natural rubber; neoprene, synthetic rubber, Buna- S, plastic. flexibility, Young's modulus. V. stretch, flex, extend, distend, be elastic &c adj.; bounce, spring back &c (recoil) 277. Adj. elastic, flexible, tensile, spring, resilient, renitent, buoyant; ductile, stretchable, extendable. Phr. the stress is proportional to the strain.

326. Inelasticity — N. want of elasticity, absence of elasticity &c 325; inelasticity &c (softness) 324, Adj. unyielding, inelastic, inflexible &c (soft) 324; irresilient^.

327. Tenacity — N. {ant. 328} tenacity, toughness, strength; (cohesion) 46; grip, grasp, stickiness, (cohesion) 46; sequacity^; stubbornness &c (obstinacy);; glue, cement, glutinousness^, sequaciousness^, viscidity, (semiliquidity) 352. leather; white leather, whitleather^; gristle, cartilage. unbreakability, tensile strength. V. be tenacious &c adj.; resist fracture. grip, grasp, stick (cohesion) 46. Adj. tenacious, tough, strong, resisting, sequacious^, stringy, gristly cartilaginous, leathery, coriaceous^, tough as whitleather^; stubborn &c (obstinate) 606. unbreakable, indivisible; atomic.

328. Brittleness — N. {ant. 327} brittleness &c adj.; fragility, friability, frangibility, fissibility^; house of cards, house of glass. V. be brittle &c adj.; live in a glass house. break, crack, snap, split, shiver, splinter, crumble, break short, burst, fly, give way; fall to pieces; crumble to, crumble into dust. Adj. brittle, brash [U.S.], breakable, weak, frangible, fragile, frail, gimcrack^, shivery, fissile; splitting &c v.; lacerable^, splintery, crisp, crimp, short, brittle as glass.

329. [Structure.] Texture — N. structure (form) 240, organization, anatomy, frame, mold, fabric, construction; framework, carcass, architecture; stratification, cleavage. substance, stuff, compages^, parenchyma [Biol.]; constitution, staple, organism. [Science of structures] organography^, osteology, myology, splanchnology^, neurology, angiography^, adeology^; angiography^, adenography^. texture, surface texture; intertexture^, contexture^; tissue, grain, web, surface; warp and woof, warp and weft; tooth, nap &c (roughness) 256; flatness (smoothness) 255; fineness of grain; coarseness of grain, dry goods. silk, satin; muslin, burlap. [Science of textures] histology. Adj. structural, organic; anatomic, anatomical. textural, textile; fine grained, coarse grained; fine, delicate, subtile, gossamery, filmy, silky, satiny; coarse; homespun. rough, gritty; smooth. smooth as silk, smooth as satin.

330. Pulverulence — N. powderiness^ [State of powder.], pulverulence^; sandiness &c adj.; efflorescence; friability. powder, dust, sand, shingle; sawdust; grit; meal, bran, flour, farina, rice, paddy, spore, sporule^; crumb, seed, grain; particle &c (smallness) 32; limature^, filings, debris, detritus, tailings, talus slope, scobs^, magistery^, fine powder; flocculi [Lat.]. smoke; cloud of dust, cloud of sand, cloud of smoke; puff of smoke, volume of smoke; sand storm, dust storm. [Reduction to powder] pulverization, comminution^, attenuation, granulation, disintegration, subaction^, contusion, trituration [Chem], levigation^, abrasion, detrition, multure^; limitation; tripsis^; filing &c v.. [Instruments for pulverization] mill, arrastra^, gristmill, grater, rasp, file, mortar and pestle, nutmeg grater, teeth, grinder, grindstone, kern^, quern^, koniology^. V. come to dust; be disintegrated, be reduced to powder &c reduce to powder, grind to powder; pulverize, comminute, granulate, triturate, levigate^; scrape, file, abrade, rub down, grind, grate, rasp, pound, bray, bruise; contuse, contund^; beat, crush, cranch^, craunch^, crunch, scranch^, crumble, disintegrate; attenuate &c 195. Adj. powdery, pulverulent^, granular, mealy, floury, farinaceous, branny^, furfuraceous^, flocculent, dusty, sandy, sabulous^, psammous^; arenose^, arenarious^, arenaceous^; gritty, efflorescent, impalpable; lentiginous^, lepidote^, sabuline^; sporaceous^, sporous^. pulverizable; friable, crumbly, shivery; pulverized &c v.; attrite^; in pieces.

331. Friction — N. friction, attrition; rubbing, abrasion, scraping &c v.; confrication^, detrition, contrition^, affriction^, abrasion, arrosion^, limature^, frication^, rub; elbow grease; rosin; massage; roughness &c 256. rolling friction, sliding friction, starting friction. V. rub, scratch, scrape, scrub, slide, fray, rasp, graze, curry, scour, polish, rub out, wear down, gnaw; file, grind &c (reduce to powder) 330. set one's teeth on edge; rosin. Adj. anatriptic^; attrite^.

332. [Absence of friction. Prevention of friction.] Lubrication — N. smoothness &c 255; unctuousness &c 355. lubrication, lubrification^; anointment; oiling &c v.. synovia [Anat.]; glycerine, oil, lubricating oil, grease &c 356; saliva; lather. teflon. V. lubricate, lubricitate^; oil, grease, lather, soap; wax. Adj. lubricated &c v.; lubricous.

2. FLUID MATTER 1. Fluids in General

333. Fluidity — N. fluidity, liquidity; liquidness &c adj.^; gaseity &c 334 [Obs.]. fluid, inelastic fluid; liquid, liquor; lymph, humor, juice, sap, serum, blood, serosity^, gravy, rheum, ichor^, sanies^; chyle [Med.]. solubility, solubleness^. [Science of liquids at rest] hydrology, hydrostatics, hydrodynamics. V. be fluid &c adj.; flow &c (water in motion) 348; liquefy, melt, condense &c 335. Adj. liquid, fluid, serous, juicy, succulent, sappy; ichorous^; fluent &c (flowing) 348. liquefied &c 335; uncongealed; soluble.

334. Gaseity — N. gaseity^; vaporousness &c adj.; flatulence, flatulency; volatility; aeration, aerification. elastic fluid, gas, air, vapor, ether, steam, essence, fume, reek, effluvium, flatus; cloud &c 353; ammonia, ammoniacal gas^; volatile alkali; vacuum, partial vacuum. [Science of elastic fluids] pneumatics, pneumatostatics^; aerostatics^, aerodynamics. gasmeter^, gasometer^; air bladder, swimming bladder, sound, (of a fish). V. vaporize, evaporate, evanesce, gasify, emit vapor &c 336; diffuse. Adj. gaseous, aeriform^, ethereal, aerial, airy, vaporous, volatile, evaporable^, flatulent.

335. Liquefaction — N. liquefaction; liquescence^, liquescency^; melting &c (heat) 384; colliquation^, colliquefaction^; thaw; liquation^, deliquation^, deliquescence; lixiviation^, dissolution. solution, apozem^, lixivium^, infusion, flux. solvent, menstruum, alkahest^. V. render liquid &c 333; liquefy, run; deliquesce; melt &c (heat) 384; solve; dissolve, resolve; liquate^; hold in solution; condense, precipitate, rain. Adj. liquefied &c v., liquescent, liquefiable; deliquescent, soluble, colliquative^.

336. Vaporization — N. vaporization, volatilization; gasification, evaporation, vaporation^; distillation, cupellation [Chem], cohobation, sublimination^, exhalation; volatility. vaporizer, still, retort; fumigation, steaming; bay salt, chloride of sodium^. mister, spray. bubble, effervescence.' V. render gaseous &c 334; vaporize, volatilize; distill, sublime; evaporate, exhale, smoke, transpire, emit vapor, fume, reek, steam, fumigate; cohobate^; finestill^. bubble, sparge, effervesce, boil. Adj. volatilized &c v.; reeking &c v.; volatile; evaporable^, vaporizable. bubbly, effervescent, boiling. 2. Specific Fluids

337. Water — N. water; serum, serosity^; lymph; rheum; diluent; agua [Sp.], aqua, pani^. dilution, maceration, lotion; washing &c v.; immersion^, humectation^, infiltration, spargefaction^, affusion^, irrigation, douche, balneation^, bath. deluge &c (water in motion) 348; high water, flood tide. V. be watery &c adj.; reek. add water, water, wet; moisten &c 339; dilute, dip, immerse; merge; immerge, submerge; plunge, souse, duck, drown; soak, steep, macerate, pickle, wash, sprinkle, lave, bathe, affuse^, splash, swash, douse, drench; dabble, slop, slobber, irrigate, inundate, deluge; syringe, inject, gargle. Adj. watery, aqueous, aquatic, hydrous, lymphatic; balneal^, diluent; drenching &c v.; diluted &c v.; weak; wet &c (moist) 339. Phr. the waters are out.

338. Air — N. air &c (gas) 334; common air, atmospheric air; atmosphere; aerosphere^. open air; sky, welkin; blue sky; cloud &c 353. weather, climate, rise and fall of the barometer, isobar. [Science of air] aerology, aerometry^, aeroscopy^, aeroscopy^, aerography^; meteorology, climatology; pneumatics; eudioscope^, baroscope^, aeroscope^, eudiometer^, barometer, aerometer^; aneroid, baroscope^; weather gauge, weather glass, weather cock. exposure to the air, exposure to the weather; ventilation; aerostation^, aeronautics, aeronaut. V. air, ventilate, fan &c (wind) 349. Adj. containing air, flatulent, effervescent; windy &c 349. atmospheric, airy; aerial, aeriform^; meteorological; weatherwise^. Adv. in the open air, a la belle etoile [Fr.], al fresco; sub jove dio [Lat.].

339. Moisture — N. moisture; moistness &c adj.; humidity, humectation^; madefaction^, dew; serein^; marsh &c 345; hygrometry, hygrometer. V. moisten, wet; humect^, humectate^; sponge, damp, bedew; imbue, imbrue, infiltrate, saturate; soak, drench &c (water) 337. be moist &c adj.; not have a dry thread; perspire &c (exude) 295. Adj. moist, damp; watery &c 337; madid^, roric^; undried^, humid, sultry, wet, dank, luggy^, dewy; roral^, rorid^; roscid^; juicy. wringing wet, soaking wet; wet through to the skin; saturated &c v.. swashy^, soggy, dabbled; reeking, dripping, soaking, soft, sodden, sloppy, muddy; swampy &c (marshy) 345; irriguous^.

340. Dryness — N. dryness &c adj.; siccity^, aridity, drought, ebb tide, low water. exsiccation^, desiccation; arefaction^, dephlegmation^, drainage; drier. [chemical subs. which renders dry] desiccative, dessicator. [device to render dry] dessicator; hair drier, clothes drier, gas drier, electric drier; vacuum oven, drying oven, kiln; lyophilizer. clothesline. V. be dry &c adj.. render dry &c adj.; dry; dry up, soak up; sponge, swab, wipe; drain. desiccate, dehydrate, exsiccate^; parch. kiln dry; vacuum dry, blow dry, oven dry; hang out to dry. mummify. be fine, hold up. Adj. dry, anhydrous, arid; adust^, arescent^; dried &c v.; undamped; juiceless^, sapless; sear; husky; rainless, without rain, fine; dry as a bone, dry as dust, dry as a stick, dry as a mummy, dry as a biscuit. water proof, water tight. dehydrated, dessicated.

341. Ocean — N. sea, ocean, main, deep, brine, salt water, waves, billows, high seas, offing, great waters, watery waste, vasty deep; wave, tide, &c (water in motion) 348. hydrography, hydrographer; Neptune, Poseidon, Thetis, Triton, Naiad, Nereid; sea nymph, Siren; trident, dolphin. Adj. oceanic; marine, maritime; pelagic, pelagian; seagoing; hydrographic; bathybic^, cotidal^. Adv. at sea, on sea; afloat.

342. Land — N. land, earth, ground, dry land, terra firma. continent, mainland, peninsula, chersonese [Fr.], delta; tongue of land, neck of land; isthmus, oasis; promontory &c (projection) 250; highland &c (height) 206. coast, shore, scar, strand, beach; playa; bank, lea; seaboard, seaside, seabank^, seacoast, seabeach^; ironbound coast; loom of the land; derelict; innings; alluvium, alluvion^; ancon. riverbank, river bank, levee. soil, glebe, clay, loam, marl, cledge^, chalk, gravel, mold, subsoil, clod, clot; rock, crag. acres; real estate &c (property) 780; landsman^. V. land, come to land, set foot on the soil, set foot on dry land; come ashore, go ashore, debark. Adj. earthy, continental, midland, coastal, littoral, riparian; alluvial; terrene &c (world) 318; landed, predial^, territorial; geophilous^; ripicolous. Adv. ashore; on shore, on land.

343. Gulf. Lake — N. land covered with water, gulf, gulph^, bay, inlet, bight, estuary, arm of the sea, bayou [U.S.], fiord, armlet; frith^, firth, ostiary^, mouth; lagune^, lagoon; indraught^; cove, creek; natural harbor; roads; strait; narrows; Euripus; sound, belt, gut, kyles^; continental slope, continental shelf. lake, loch, lough^, mere, tarn, plash, broad, pond, pool, lin^, puddle, slab, well, artesian well; standing water, dead water, sheet of water; fish pond, mill pond; ditch, dike, dyke, dam; reservoir &c (store) 636; alberca^, barachois^, hog wallow [U.S.]. Adj. lacustrine^.

344. Plain — N. plain, table-land, face of the country; open country, champaign country^; basin, downs, waste, weary waste, desert, wild, steppe, pampas, savanna, prairie, heath, common, wold^, veldt; moor, moorland; bush; plateau &c (level) 213; campagna^; alkali flat, llano; mesa, mesilla [U.S.], playa; shaking prairie, trembling prairie; vega [Sp.]. meadow, mead, haugh^, pasturage, park, field, lawn, green, plat, plot, grassplat^, greensward, sward, turf, sod, heather; lea, ley, lay; grounds; maidan^, agostadero^. Adj. champaign^, alluvial; campestral^, campestrial^, campestrian^, campestrine^.

345. Marsh — N. marsh, swamp, morass, marish^, moss, fen, bog, quagmire, slough, sump, wash; mud, squash, slush; baygall [U.S.], cienaga^, jhil^, vlei^. Adj. marsh, marshy; swampy, boggy, plashy^, poachy^, quaggy^, soft; muddy, sloppy, squashy; paludal^; moorish, moory; fenny.

346. Island — N. island, isle, islet, eyot^, ait^, holf^, reef, atoll, breaker; archipelago; islander. Adj. insular, seagirt; archipelagic^. 3. Fluids in Motion

347. [Fluid in motion.] Stream — N. stream &c (of water) 348, (of air) 349. flowmeter. V. flow &c 348; blow &c 349.

348. [Water in motion.] River — N. running water. jet, spirt^, spurt, squirt, spout, spray, splash, rush, gush, jet d'eau [Fr.]; sluice. water spout, water fall; cascade, force, foss^; lin^, linn^; ghyll^, Niagara; cataract, rapids, white water, catadupe^, cataclysm; debacle, inundation, deluge; chute, washout. rain, rainfall; serein^; shower, scud; downpour; driving rain, drenching rain, cloudburst; hyetology^, hyetography^; predominance of Aquarius^, reign of St. Swithin; mizzle^, drizzle, stillicidum^, plash; dropping &c v.; falling weather; northeaster, hurricane, typhoon. stream, course, flux, flow, profluence^; effluence &c (egress) 295; defluxion^; flowing &c v.; current, tide, race, coulee. spring, artesian well, fount, fountain; rill, rivulet, gill, gullet, rillet^; streamlet, brooklet; branch [U.S.]; runnel, sike^, burn, beck, creek, brook, bayou, stream, river; reach, tributary. geyser, spout, waterspout. body of water, torrent, rapids, flush, flood, swash; spring tide, high tide, full tide; bore, tidal bore, eagre^, hygre^; fresh, freshet; indraught^, reflux, undercurrent, eddy, vortex, gurge^, whirlpool, Maelstrom, regurgitation, overflow; confluence, corrivation^. wave, billow, surge, swell, ripple; anerythmon gelasma [Gr.]; beach comber, riffle [U.S.], rollers, ground swell, surf, breakers, white horses, whitecaps; rough sea, heavy sea, high seas, cross sea, long sea, short sea, chopping sea. [Science of fluids in motion] hydrodynamics; hydraulics, hydraulicostatics^; rain gauge, flowmeter; pegology^. irrigation &c (water) 337; pump; watering pot, watering cart; hydrant, syringe; garden hose, lawn spray; bhisti^, mussuk^. V. flow, run; meander; gush, pour, spout, roll, jet, well, issue; drop, drip, dribble, plash, spirtle^, trill, trickle, distill, percolate; stream, overflow, inundate, deluge, flow over, splash, swash; guggle^, murmur, babble, bubble, purl, gurgle, sputter, spurt, spray, regurgitate; ooze, flow out &c (egress) 295. rain hard, rain in torrents, rain cats and dogs, rain pitchforks; pour with rain, drizzle, spit, set in; mizzle^. flow into, fall into, open into, drain into; discharge itself, disembogue^. [Cause a flow] pour; pour out &c (discharge) 297; shower down, irrigate, drench &c (wet) 337; spill, splash. [Stop a flow] stanch; dam, up &c (close) 261; obstruct &c 706. Adj. fluent; diffluent^, profluent^, affluent; tidal; flowing &c v.; meandering, meandry^, meandrous^; fluvial, fluviatile; streamy^, showery, rainy, pluvial, stillicidous^; stillatitious^. Phr. for men may come and men may go but I go on forever [Tennyson]; that old man river, he just keeps rolling along [Showboat].

349. [Air in motion] Wind — N. wind, draught, flatus, afflatus, efflation^, eluvium^; air; breath, breath of air; puff, whiff, zephyr; blow, breeze, drift; aura; stream, current, jet stream; undercurrent. gust, blast, squall, gale, half a gale, storm, tempest, hurricane, whirlwind, tornado, samiel, cyclone, anticyclone, typhoon; simoon^, simoom; harmattan^, monsoon, trade wind, sirocco, mistral, bise^, tramontane, levanter; capful of wind; fresh breeze, stiff breeze; keen blast; blizzard, barber [Can.], candelia^, chinook, foehn, khamsin^, norther, vendaval^, wuther^. windiness &c adj.; ventosity^; rough weather, dirty weather, ugly weather, stress of weather; dirty sky, mare's tail; thick squall, black squall, white squall. anemography^, aerodynamics; wind gauge, weathercock, vane, weather- vane, wind sock; anemometer, anemoscope^. sufflation^, insufflation^, perflation^, inflation, afflation^; blowing, fanning &c v.; ventilation. sneezing &c v.; errhine^; sternutative^, sternutatory^; sternutation; hiccup, hiccough; catching of the breath. Eolus, Boreas, Zephyr, cave of Eolus. air pump, air blower, lungs, bellows, blowpipe, fan, ventilator, punkah^; branchiae^, gills, flabellum^, vertilabrum^. whiffle ball. V. blow, waft; blow hard, blow great guns, blow a hurricane &c n.; wuther^; stream, issue. respire, breathe, puff; whiff, whiffle; gasp, wheeze; snuff, snuffle; sniff, sniffle; sneeze, cough. fan, ventilate; inflate, perflate^; blow up. Adj. blowing &c v.; windy, flatulent; breezy, gusty, squally; stormy, tempestuous, blustering; boisterous &c (violent) 173. pulmonic [Med.], pulmonary. Phr. lull'd by soft zephyrs [Pope]; the storm is up and all is on the hazard [Julius Caesar]; the winds were wither'd in the stagnant air [Byron]; while mocking winds are piping loud [Milton]; winged with red lightning and tempestuous rage [Paradise Lost].

350. [Channel for the passage of water.] Conduit — N. conduit, channel, duct, watercourse, race; head race, tail race; abito^, aboideau^, aboiteau [Fr.], bito^; acequia^, acequiador^, acequiamadre^; arroyo; adit^, aqueduct, canal, trough, gutter, pantile; flume, ingate^, runner; lock-weir, tedge^; vena^; dike, main, gully, moat, ditch, drain, sewer, culvert, cloaca, sough, kennel, siphon; piscina^; pipe &c (tube) 260; funnel; tunnel &c (passage) 627; water pipe, waste pipe; emunctory^, gully hole, artery, aorta, pore, spout, scupper; adjutage^, ajutage^; hose; gargoyle; gurgoyle^; penstock, weir; flood gate, water gate; sluice, lock, valve; rose; waterworks. pipeline. Adj. vascular &c (with holes) 260.

351. [Channel for the passage of air.] Airpipe — N. air pipe, air tube; airhole^, blowhole, breathinghole^, venthole; shaft, flue, chimney, funnel, vent, nostril, nozzle, throat, weasand^, trachea; bronchus, bronchia [Med.]; larynx, tonsils, windpipe, spiracle; ventiduct^, ventilator; louvre, jalousie, Venetian blinds; blowpipe &c (wind) 349; pipe &c (tube) 260; jhilmil^; smokestack. screen, window screen.' artificial lung, iron lung, heart and lung machine.

3. IMPERFECT FLUIDS

352. Semiliquidity — N. semiliquidity; stickiness &c adj.; viscidity, viscosity; gummosity^, glutinosity^, mucosity^; spissitude^, crassitude^; lentor^; adhesiveness &c (cohesion) 46. inspissation^, incrassation^; thickening. jelly, mucilage, gelatin, gluten; carlock^, fish glue; ichthyocol^, ichthycolla^; isinglass; mucus, phlegm, goo; pituite^, lava; glair^, starch, gluten, albumen, milk, cream, protein^; treacle; gum, size, glue (tenacity) 327; wax, beeswax. emulsion, soup; squash, mud, slush, slime, ooze; moisture &c 339; marsh &c 345. V. inspissate^, incrassate^; thicken, mash, squash, churn, beat up. sinter. Adj. semifluid, semiliquid; tremellose^; half melted, half frozen; milky, muddy &c n.; lacteal, lactean^, lacteous^, lactescent^, lactiferous^; emulsive, curdled, thick, succulent, uliginous^. gelatinous, albuminous, mucilaginous, glutinous; glutenous, gelatin, mastic, amylaceous^, ropy, clammy, clotted; viscid, viscous; sticky, tacky, gooey; slab, slabby^; lentous^, pituitous^; mucid^, muculent^, mucous; gummy.

353. [Mixture of air and water.] Bubble [Cloud.] — N. bubble, foam, froth, head, spume, lather, suds, spray, surf, yeast, barm^, spindrift. cloud, vapor, fog, mist, haze, steam, geyser; scud, messenger, rack, nimbus; cumulus, woolpack^, cirrus, stratus; cirrostratus, cumulostratus; cirrocumulus; mackerel sky, mare's tale, dirty sky; curl cloud; frost smoke; thunderhead. [Science of clouds] nephelognosy^; nephograph^, nephology^. effervescence, fermentation; bubbling &c v.. nebula; cloudliness &c (opacity) 426 [Obs.]; nebulosity &c (dimness) 422. V. bubble, boil, foam, froth, mantle, sparkle, guggle^, gurgle; effervesce, ferment, fizzle. Adj. bubbling &c v.; frothy, nappy^, effervescent, sparkling, mousseux [Fr.], frothy [Fr.Tr.], up. cloudy &c n.; thunderheaded^; vaporous, nebulous, overcast. Phr. the lowring element scowls o'er the darkened landscip [Paradise Lost].

354. Pulpiness — N. pulpiness &c adj.; pulp, taste, dough, curd, pap, rob, jam, pudding, poultice, grume^. mush, oatmeal, baby food. Adj. pulpy &c n.; pultaceous^, grumous^; baccate^.

355. Unctuousness — N. unctuousness &c adj.; unctuosity^, lubricity; ointment &c (oil) 356; anointment; lubrication &c 332. V. oil &c (lubricate) 332. Adj. unctuous, oily, oleaginous, adipose, sebaceous; unguinous^; fat, fatty, greasy; waxy, butyraceous, soapy, saponaceous^, pinguid, lardaceous^; slippery.

356. Oil — N. oil, fat, butter, cream, grease, tallow, suet, lard, dripping exunge^, blubber; glycerin, stearin, elaine [Chem], oleagine^; soap; soft soap, wax, cerement; paraffin, spermaceti, adipocere^; petroleum, mineral, mineral rock, mineral crystal, mineral oil; vegetable oil, colza oil^, olive oil, salad oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, nut oil; animal oil, neat's foot oil, train oil; ointment, unguent, liniment; aceite^, amole^, Barbados tar^; fusel oil, grain oil, rape oil, seneca oil; hydrate of amyl, ghee^; heating oil, #2 oil, No. 2 oil, distillate, residual oils, kerosene, jet fuel, gasoline, naphtha; stearin.

356a. Resin — N. resin, rosin; gum; lac, sealing wax; amber, ambergris; bitumen, pitch, tar; asphalt, asphaltum; camphor; varnish, copal^, mastic, magilp^, lacquer, japan. artificial resin, polymer; ion-exchange resin, cation-exchange resin, anion exchange resin, water softener, Amberlite^, Dowex [Chem], Diaion. V. varnish &c (overlay) 223. Adj. resiny^, resinous; bituminous, pitchy, tarry; asphaltic, asphaltite.

SECTION III. ORGANIC MATTER

1. VITALITY 1. Vitality in general

357. Organization — N. organized world, organized nature; living nature, animated nature; living beings; organic remains, fossils. protoplasm, cytoplasm, protein; albumen; structure &c 329; organization, organism. [Science of living beings] biology; natural history, organic chemistry, anatomy, physiology; zoology &c 368; botany; microbiology, virology, bacteriology, mycology &c 369; naturalist. archegenesis &c (production) 161 [Obs.]; antherozoid^, bioplasm^, biotaxy^, chromosome, dysmeromorph^; ecology, oecology; erythroblast [Physio.], gametangium^, gamete, germinal matter, invagination [Biol.]; isogamy^, oogamy^; karyaster^; macrogamete^, microgamete^; metabolism, anabolism, catabolism; metaplasm^, ontogeny, ovary, ovum, oxidation, phylogeny, polymorphism, protozoa, spermary^, spermatozoon, trophoplasm^, vacuole, vertebration^, zoogloea^, zygote. Darwinism, neo-Darwinism, Lamarkism, neoLamarkism, Weismannism. morphology, taxonomy. Adj. organic, organized; karyoplasmic^, unsegmentic^, vacuolar, zoogloeic^, zoogloeoid^.

358. Inorganization — N. mineral world, mineral kingdom; unorganized matter, inorganic matter, brute matter, inanimate matter. [Science of the mineral kingdom] mineralogy, geology, geognosy^, geoscopy^; metallurgy, metallography^; lithology; oryctology^, oryctography^. V. turn to dust; mineralize, fossilize. Adj. inorganic, inanimate, inorganized^; lithoidal^; azoic; mineral.

359. Life — N. life, vitality, viability; animation; vital spark, vital flame, soul, spirit. respiration, wind; breath of life, breath of one's nostrils; oxygen, air. [devices to sustain respiration] respirator, artificial respirator, heart and lung machine, iron lung; medical devices &c 662. lifeblood; Archeus^; existence &c 1. vivification; vital force; vitalization; revivification &c 163; Prometheus; life to come &c (destiny) 152. [Science of life] physiology, biology; animal ecology. nourishment, staff of life &c (food) 298. genetics, heredity, inheritance, evolution, natural selection, reproduction (production) 161. microbe, aerobe, anaerobe, facultative anaerobe, obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe, halophile [Micro.], methanogen [Micro.], archaebacteria [Micro.], microaerophile [Micro.]. animal &c 366; vegetable &c 367. artificial life, robot, robotics, artificial intelligence. [vital signs] breathing, breathing rate, heartbeat, pulse, temperature. preservation of life, healing (medicine) 662. V. be alive &c adj.; live, breathe, respire; subsist &c (exist) 1; walk the earth, strut and fret one's hour upon the stage [Macbeth]; be spared. see the light, be born, come into the world, fetch breath, draw breath, fetch the breath of life, draw the breath of life; quicken; revive; come to life. give birth to &c (produce) 161; bring to life, put into life, vitalize; vivify, vivificate^; reanimate &c (restore) 660; keep alive, keep body and soul together, keep the wolf from the door; support life. hive nine lives like a cat. Adj. living, alive; in life, in the flesh, in the land of the living; on this side of the grave, above ground, breathing, quick, animated; animative^; lively &c (active) 682; all alive and kicking; tenacious of life; full of life, yeasty. vital, vitalic^; vivifying, vivified, &c v.; viable, zoetic^; Promethean. Adv. vivendi causa [Lat.]. Phr. atqui vivere militare est [Lat.] [Seneca]; non est vivere sed valere vita [Lat.] [Marial].

360. Death — N. death; decease, demise; dissolution, departure, obit, release, rest, quietus, fall; loss, bereavement; mortality, morbidity. end of life &c 67, cessation of life &c 142, loss of life, extinction of life, ebb of life &c 359. death warrant, death watch, death rattle, death bed; stroke of death, agonies of death, shades of death, valley of death, jaws of death, hand of death; last breath, last gasp, last agonies; dying day, dying breath, dying agonies; chant du cygne [Fr.]; rigor mortis [Lat.]; Stygian shore. King of terrors, King Death; Death; doom &c (necessity) 601; Hell's grim Tyrant [Pope]. euthanasia; break up of the system; natural death, natural decay; sudden death, violent death; untimely end, watery grave; debt of nature; suffocation, asphyxia; fatal disease &c (disease) 655; death blow &c (killing) 361. necrology, bills of mortality, obituary; death song &c (lamentation) 839. V. die, expire, perish; meet one's death, meet one's end; pass away, be taken; yield one's breath, resign one's breath; resign one's being, resign one's life; end one's days, end one's life, end one's earthly career; breathe one's last; cease to live, cease to breathe; depart this life; be no more &c adj.; go off, drop off, pop off; lose one's life, lay down one's life, relinquish one's life, surrender one's life; drop into the grave, sink into the grave; close one's eyes; fall dead, drop dead, fall down dead, drop down dead; break one's neck; give up the ghost, yield up the ghost; be all over with one. pay the debt to nature, shuffle off this mortal coil, take one's last sleep; go the way of all flesh; hand in one's checks, pass in one's checks, hand in one's chips, pass in one's chips [U.S.]; join the greater number, join the majority; come to dust, turn to dust; cross the Stygian ferry, cross the bar; go to one's long account, go to one's last home, go to Davy Jones's locker, go to the wall; receive one's death warrant, make one's will, step out, die a natural death, go out like the snuff of a candle; come to an untimely end; catch one's death; go off the hooks, kick the bucket, buy the farm, hop the twig, turn up one's toes; die a violent death &c (be killed) 361. Adj. dead, lifeless; deceased, demised, departed, defunct, extinct; late, gone, no more; exanimate^, inanimate; out of the world, taken off, released; departed this life &c v.; dead and gone; dead as a doornail, dead as a doorpost^, dead as a mutton, dead as a herring, dead as nits; launched into eternity, gone to one's eternal reward, gone to meet one's maker, pushing up daisies, gathered to one's fathers, numbered with the dead. dying &c v.; moribund, morient^; hippocratic; in articulo, in extremis; in the jaws of death, in the agony of death; going off; aux abois [Fr.]; one one's last legs, on one's death bed; at the point of death, at death's door, at the last gasp; near one's end, given over, booked; with one foot in the grave, tottering on the brink of the grave. stillborn; mortuary; deadly &c (killing) 361. Adv. post obit, post mortem [Lat.]. Phr. life ebbs, life fails, life hangs by a thread; one's days are numbered, one's hour is come, one's race is run, one's doom is sealed; Death knocks at the door, Death stares one in the face; the breath is out of the body; the grave closes over one; sic itur ad astra [Lat.] [Vergil]; de mortuis nil nisi bonum [Lat.]; dulce et decorum est pro patria mori [Lat.] [Horace]; honesta mors turpi vita potior [Lat.] [Tacitus]; in adamantine chains shall death be bound [Pope]; mors ultima linea rerum est [Lat.] [Girace]; ominia mors aequat [Lat.] [Claudianus]; Spake the grisly Terror [Paradise Lost]; the lone couch of this everlasting sleep [Shelley]; nothing is certain but death and taxes.

361. [Destruction of life; violent death.] Killing — N. killing &c v.; homicide, manslaughter, murder, assassination, trucidation^, iccusion^; effusion of blood; blood, blood shed; gore, slaughter, carnage, butchery; battue^. massacre; fusillade, noyade^; thuggery, Thuggism^. deathblow, finishing stroke, coup de grace, quietus; execution &c (capital punishment) 972; judicial murder; martyrdom. butcher, slayer, murderer, Cain, assassin, terrorist, cutthroat, garroter, bravo, Thug, Moloch, matador, sabreur^; guet-a-pens; gallows, executioner &c (punishment) 975; man-eater, apache^, hatchet man [U.S.], highbinder [U.S.]. regicide, parricide, matricide, fratricide, infanticide, feticide, foeticide^, uxoricide^, vaticide^. suicide, felo de se^, hara-kiri, suttee, Juggernath^; immolation, auto da fe, holocaust. suffocation, strangulation, garrote; hanging &c v.; lapidation^. deadly weapon &c (arms) 727; Aceldama^. [Destruction of animals] slaughtering; phthisozoics^; sport, sporting; the chase, venery; hunting, coursing, shooting, fishing; pig- sticking; sportsman, huntsman, fisherman; hunter, Nimrod; slaughterhouse, meat packing plant, shambles, abattoir. fatal accident, violent death, casualty. V. kill, put to death, slay, shed blood; murder, assassinate, butcher, slaughter, victimize, immolate; massacre; take away life, deprive of life; make away with, put an end to; despatch, dispatch; burke, settle, do for. strangle, garrote, hang, throttle, choke, stifle, suffocate, stop the breath, smother, asphyxiate, drown. saber; cut down, cut to pieces, cut the throat; jugulate^; stab, run through the body, bayonet, eviscerate; put to the sword, put to the edge of the sword. shoot dead; blow one's brains out; brain, knock on the head; stone, lapidate^; give a deathblow; deal a deathblow; give a quietus, give a coupe de grace. behead, bowstring, electrocute, gas &c (execute) 972. hunt, shoot &c n.. cut off, nip in the bud, launch into eternity, send to one's last account, sign one's death warrant, strike the death knell of. give no quarter, pour out blood like water; decimate; run amuck; wade knee deep in blood, imbrue one's hands in blood. die a violent death, welter in one's blood; dash out one's brains, blow out one's brains; commit suicide; kill oneself, make away with oneself, put an end to oneself, put an end to it all. Adj. killing &c v.; murderous, slaughterous; sanguinary, sanguinolent^; blood stained, blood thirsty; homicidal, red handed; bloody, bloody minded; ensanguined^, gory; thuggish. mortal, fatal, lethal; dead, deadly; mortiferous^, lethiferous^; unhealthy &c 657; internecine; suicidal. sporting; piscatorial, piscatory^. Adv. in at the death. Phr. assassination has never changed the history of the world [Disraeli].

362. Corpse — N. corpse, corse^, carcass, cadaver, bones, skeleton, dry bones; defunct, relics, reliquiae [Lat.], remains, mortal remains, dust, ashes, earth, clay; mummy; carrion; food for worms, food for fishes; tenement of clay this mortal coil. shade, ghost, manes. organic remains, fossils. Adj. cadaverous, corpse-like; unburied &c 363; sapromyiophyllous^.

363. Interment — N. interment, burial, sepulture^; inhumation^; obsequies, exequies^; funeral, wake, pyre, funeral pile; cremation. funeral, funeral rite, funeral solemnity; kneel, passing bell, tolling; dirge &c (lamentation) 839; cypress; orbit, dead march, muffled drum; mortuary, undertaker, mute; elegy; funeral, funeral oration, funeral sermon; epitaph. graveclothes^, shroud, winding sheet, cerecloth; cerement. coffin, shell, sarcophagus, urn, pall, bier, hearse, catafalque, cinerary urn^. grave, pit, sepulcher, tomb, vault, crypt, catacomb, mausoleum, Golgotha, house of death, narrow house; cemetery, necropolis; burial place, burial ground; grave yard, church yard; God's acre; tope, cromlech, barrow, tumulus, cairn; ossuary; bone house, charnel house, dead house; morgue; lich gate^; burning ghat^; crematorium, crematory; dokhma^, mastaba^, potter's field, stupa^, Tower of Silence. sexton, gravedigger. monument, cenotaph, shrine; grave stone, head stone, tomb stone; memento mori [Lat.]; hatchment^, stone; obelisk, pyramid. exhumation, disinterment; necropsy, autopsy, post mortem examination [Lat.]; zoothapsis^. V. inter, bury; lay in the grave, consign to the grave, lay in the tomb, entomb, in tomb; inhume; lay out, perform a funeral, embalm, mummify; toll the knell; put to bed with a shovel; inurn^. exhume, disinter, unearth. Adj. burried &c v.; burial, funereal, funebrial^; mortuary, sepulchral, cinerary^; elegiac; necroscopic^. Adv. in memoriam; post obit, post mortem [Lat.]; beneath the sod. Phr. hic jacet [Lat.], ci-git [Fr.]; RIP; requiescat in pace [Lat.]; the lone couch of his everlasting sleep [Shelley]; without a grave- unknell'd, uncoffin'd, and unknown [Byron]; in the dark union of insensate dust [Byron]; the deep cold shadow of the tomb [Moore]. 2. Special Vitality

364. Animality — N. animal life; animation, animality^, animalization^; animalness, corporeal nature, human system; breath. flesh, flesh and blood; physique; strength &c 159. Adj. fleshly, human, corporeal.

365. Vegetability^ — N. vegetable life; vegetation, vegetability^; vegetality^. V. vegetate, grow roots, put down roots. Adj. rank, lush; vegetable, vegetal, vegetive^.

366. Animal — N. animal, animal kingdom; fauna; brute creation. beast, brute, creature, critter [U.S.]; wight, created being; creeping thing, living thing; dumb animal, dumb creature; zoophyte. [major divisions of animals] mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, fish, crustacean, shellfish, mollusk, worm, insect, arthropod, microbe. [microscopic animals] microbe, animalcule &c 193. [reptiles] alligator, crocodile; saurian; dinosaur (extinct); snake, serpent, viper, eft; asp, aspick^. [amphibians] frog, toad. [fishes] trout, bass, tuna, muskelunge, sailfish, sardine, mackerel. [insects] ant, mosquito, bee, honeybee. [arthropods] tardigrade, spider. [classification by number of feet] biped, quadruped; [web-footed animal] webfoot. flocks and herds, live stock; domestic animals, wild animals; game, ferae naturae [Lat.]; beasts of the field, fowls of the air, denizens of the sea; black game, black grouse; blackcock^, duck, grouse, plover, rail, snipe. [domesticated mammals] horse &c (beast of burden) 271; cattle, kine^, ox; bull, bullock; cow, milch cow, calf, heifer, shorthorn; sheep; lamb, lambkin^; ewe, ram, tup; pig, swine, boar, hog, sow; steer, stot^; tag, teg^; bison, buffalo, yak, zebu, dog, cat. [dogs] dog, hound; pup, puppy; whelp, cur, mongrel; house dog, watch dog, sheep dog, shepherd's dog, sporting dog, fancy dog, lap dog, toy dog, bull dog, badger dog; mastiff; blood hound, grey hound, stag hound, deer hound, fox hound, otter hound; harrier, beagle, spaniel, pointer, setter, retriever; Newfoundland; water dog, water spaniel; pug, poodle; turnspit; terrier; fox terrier, Skye terrier; Dandie Dinmont; collie. [cats—generally] feline, puss, pussy; grimalkin^; gib cat, tom cat. [wild mammals] fox, Reynard, vixen, stag, deer, hart, buck, doe, roe; caribou, coyote, elk, moose, musk ox, sambar^. [birds] bird; poultry, fowl, cock, hen, chicken, chanticleer, partlet^, rooster, dunghill cock, barn door fowl; feathered tribes, feathered songster; singing bird, dicky bird; canary, warbler; finch; aberdevine^, cushat^, cygnet, ringdove^, siskin, swan, wood pigeon. [undesirable animals] vermin, varmint [U.S.], pest. Adj. animal, zoological equine, bovine, vaccine, canine, feline, fishy; piscatory^, piscatorial; molluscous^, vermicular; gallinaceous, rasorial^, solidungulate^, soliped^.

367. Vegetable — N. vegetable, vegetable kingdom; flora, verdure. plant; tree, shrub, bush; creeper; herb, herbage; grass. annual; perennial, biennial, triennial; exotic. timber, forest; wood, woodlands; timberland; hurst^, frith^, holt, weald^, park, chase, greenwood, brake, grove, copse, coppice, bocage^, tope, clump of trees, thicket, spinet, spinney; underwood, brushwood; scrub; boscage, bosk^, ceja [Sp.], chaparal, motte [U.S.]; arboretum &c 371. bush, jungle, prairie; heath, heather; fern, bracken; furze, gorse, whin; grass, turf; pasture, pasturage; turbary^; sedge, rush, weed; fungus, mushroom, toadstool; lichen, moss, conferva^, mold; growth; alfalfa, alfilaria^, banyan; blow, blowth^; floret^, petiole; pin grass, timothy, yam, yew, zinnia. foliage, branch, bough, ramage^, stem, tigella^; spray &c 51; leaf. flower, blossom, bine^; flowering plant; timber tree, fruit tree; pulse, legume. Adj. vegetable, vegetal, vegetive^, vegitous^; herbaceous, herbal; botanic^; sylvan, silvan^; arborary^, arboreous^, arborescent^, arborical^; woody, grassy; verdant, verdurous; floral, mossy; lignous^, ligneous; wooden, leguminous; vosky^, cespitose^, turf-like, turfy; endogenous, exogenous. Phr. green-robed senators of mighty woods [Keats]; this is the forest primeval [Longfellow].

368. [The science of animals.] Zoology — N. zoology, zoonomy^, zoography^, zootomy^; anatomy; comparative anatomy; animal physiology, comparative physiology; morphology; mammalogy. anthropology, ornithology, ichthyology, herpetology, ophiology^, malacology^, helminthology [Med.], entomology, oryctology^, paleontology, mastology^, vermeology^; ornithotomy^, ichthyotomy^, &c; taxidermy. zoologist &c Adj. zoological &c n..

369. [The science of plants.] Botany — N. botany; physiological botany, structural botany, systematic botany; phytography^, phytology^, phytotomy^; vegetable physiology, herborization^, dendrology, mycology, fungology^, algology^; flora, romona; botanic garden &c (garden) 371 [Obs.]; hortus siccus [Lat.], herbarium, herbal. botanist &c; herbist^, herbarist^, herbalist, herborist^, herbarian^. V. botanize, herborize^. Adj. botanical &c n.; botanic^.

370. [The economy or management of animals.] Husbandry — N. husbandry, taming &c v.; circuration^, zoohygiantics^; domestication, domesticity; manege [Fr.], veterinary art; farriery^; breeding, pisciculture. menagerie, vivarium, zoological garden; bear pit; aviary, apiary, alveary^, beehive; hive; aquarium, fishery; duck pond, fish pond. phthisozoics &c (killing) 361 [Obs.] [Destruction of animals]; euthanasia, sacrifice, humane destruction. neatherd^, cowherd, shepherd; grazier, drover, cowkeeper^; trainer, breeder; apiarian^, apiarist; bull whacker [U.S.], cowboy, cow puncher [U.S.], farrier; horse leech, horse doctor; vaquero, veterinarian, vet, veterinary surgeon. cage &c (prison) 752; hencoop^, bird cage, cauf^; range, sheepfold, &c (inclosure) 232. V. tame, domesticate, acclimatize, breed, tend, break in, train; cage, bridle, &c (restrain) 751. Adj. pastoral, bucolic; tame, domestic.

371. [The economy or management of plants.] Agriculture — N. agriculture, cultivation, husbandry, farming; georgics, geoponics^; tillage, agronomy, gardening, spade husbandry, vintage; horticulture, arboriculture^, floriculture; landscape gardening; viticulture. husbandman, horticulturist, gardener, florist; agricultor^, agriculturist; yeoman, farmer, cultivator, tiller of the soil, woodcutter, backwoodsman; granger, habitat, vigneron^, viticulturist; Triptolemus. field, meadow, garden; botanic garden^, winter garden, ornamental garden, flower garden, kitchen garden, market garden, hop garden; nursery; green house, hot house; conservatory, bed, border, seed plot; grassplot^, grassplat^, lawn; park &c (pleasure ground) 840; parterre, shrubbery, plantation, avenue, arboretum, pinery^, pinetum^, orchard; vineyard, vinery; orangery^; farm &c (abode) 189. V. cultivate; till the soil; farm, garden; sow, plant; reap, mow, cut; manure, dress the ground, dig, delve, dibble, hoe, plough, plow, harrow, rake, weed, lop and top; backset [U.S.]. Adj. agricultural, agrarian, agrestic^. arable, predial^, rural, rustic, country; horticultural.

372. Mankind — N. man, mankind; human race, human species, human kind, human nature; humanity, mortality, flesh, generation. [Science of man] anthropology, anthropogeny^, anthropography^, anthroposophy^; ethnology, ethnography; humanitarian. human being; person, personage; individual, creature, fellow creature, mortal, body, somebody; one; such a one, some one; soul, living soul; earthling; party, head, hand; dramatis personae [Lat.]; quidam [Lat.]. people, persons, folk, public, society, world; community, community at large; general public; nation, nationality; state, realm; commonweal, commonwealth; republic, body politic; million &c (commonalty) 876; population &c (inhabitant) 188. tribe, clan (paternity) 166; family (consanguinity) 11. cosmopolite; lords of the creation; ourselves. Adj. human, mortal, personal, individual, national, civic, public, social; cosmopolitan; anthropoid. Phr. am I not a man and a brother? [Wedgwood].

373. Man — N. man, male, he, him; manhood &c (adolescence) 131; gentleman, sir, master; sahib; yeoman, wight^, swain, fellow, blade, beau, elf, chap, gaffer, good man; husband &c (married man) 903; Mr., mister; boy &c (youth) 129. [Male animal] cock, drake, gander, dog, boar, stag, hart, buck, horse, entire horse, stallion; gibcat^, tomcat; he goat, Billy goat; ram, tup; bull, bullock; capon, ox, gelding, steer, stot^. androgen. homosexual, gay, queen [Slang]. V. masculinize Adj. male, he-, masculine; manly, virile; unwomanly, unfeminine. Pron. he, him, his. Phr. hominem pagina nostra sapit [Lat.] [Martial]; homo homini aut deus aut lupus [Lat.] [Erasmus]; homo vitae commodatus non donatus est [Lat.] [Syrus].

374. Woman — N. woman, she, her, female, petticoat. feminality^, muliebrity^; womanhood &c (adolescence) 131. womankind; the sex, the fair; fair sex, softer sex; weaker vessel. dame, madam, madame, mistress, Mrs. lady, donna belle [Sp.], matron, dowager, goody, gammer^; Frau G, frow^, Vrouw [Du.], rani; good woman, good wife; squaw; wife &c (marriage) 903; matronage, matronhood^. bachelor girl, new woman, feminist, suffragette, suffragist. nymph, wench, grisette^; girl &c (youth) 129. [Effeminacy] sissy, betty, cot betty [U.S.], cotquean^, henhussy^, mollycoddle, muff, old woman. [Female animal] hen, bitch, sow, doe, roe, mare; she goat, Nanny goat, tabita; ewe, cow; lioness, tigress; vixen. gynecaeum^. estrogen, oestrogen. consanguinity &c 166 [Female relatives], paternity &c 11. lesbian, dyke [Slang]. V. feminize. Adj. female, she-; feminine, womanly, ladylike, matronly, maidenly, wifely; womanish, effeminate, unmanly; gynecic^, gynaecic^. Pron. she, her, hers.' Phr. a perfect woman nobly planned [Wordsworth]; a lovely lady garmented in white [Shelley]; das Ewig-Weibliche zieht uns hinan [Goethe]; earth's noblest thing, a woman perfected [Lowell]; es de vidrio la mujer [Sp.]; she moves a goddess and she looks a queen [Pope]; the beauty of a lovely woman is like music [G. Eliot]; varium et mutabile semper femina [Lat.] [Vergil]; woman is the lesser man [Tennyson].

374a. Sexuality [human] — N. sex, sexuality, gender; male, masculinity, maleness &c 373; female, femininity &c 374. sexual intercourse, copulation, mating, coitus, sex; lovemaking, marital relations, sexual union; sleeping together, carnal knowledge. sex instinct, sex drive, libido, lust, concupiscence; hots, horns [Coll.]; arousal, heat, rut, estrus, oestrus; tumescence; erection, hard-on, boner. masturbation, self-gratification, autoeroticism, onanism, self- abuse. orgasm, climax, ejaculation. sexiness, attractiveness; sensuality, voluptuousness. [sexual intercourse outside of marriage] fornication, adultery. [person who is sexy] sex symbol, sex goddess; stud, hunk. one-night stand. pornography, porn, porno; hardcore pornography, softcore pornography; pin-up, cheesecake; beefcake; [magazines with sexual photos], Playboy, Esquire, Hustler. [unorthodox sexual activity] perversion, deviation, sexual abnormality; fetish, fetishism; homosexuality, lesbianism, bisexuality; sodomy, buggery; pederasty; sadism. masochism, sado-masochism; incest. V. mate, copulate; make love, have intercourse, fornicate, have sex, do it, sleep together, fuck [Vulg.]; sleep around, play the field. masturbate, jerk off [Coll.], jack off [Coll.], play with oneself. have the hots [Coll.]; become aroused, get hot; have an erection, get it up. come, climax, ejaculate. Adj. sexy, erotic, sexual, carnal, sensual. hot, horny, randy, rutting; passionate, lusty, hot-blooded, libidinous; up, in the mood. homosexual, gay, lesbian, bisexual.

2. SENSATION 1. Sensation in general

375. Physical Sensibility — N. sensibility; sensitiveness &c adj.; physical sensibility, feeling, impressibility, perceptivity, aesthetics; moral sensibility &c 822. sensation, impression; consciousness &c (knowledge) 490. external senses. V. be sensible of &c adj.; feel, perceive. render sensible &c adj.; sharpen, cultivate, tutor. cause sensation, impress; excite an impression, produce an impression. Adj. sensible, sensitive, sensuous; aesthetic, perceptive, sentient; conscious &c (aware) 490. acute, sharp, keen, vivid, lively, impressive, thin-skinned. Adv. to the quick. Phr. the touch'd needle trembles to the pole [Pope].

376. Physical Insensibility — N. insensibility, physical insensibility; obtuseness &c adj.; palsy, paralysis, paraesthesia [Med.], anaesthesia; sleep &c 823; hemiplegia^, motor paralysis; vegetable state; coma. anaesthetic agent, opium, ether, chloroform, chloral; nitrous oxide, laughing gas; exhilarating gas, protoxide of nitrogen; refrigeration. V. be insensible &c adj.; have a thick skin, have a rhinoceros hide. render insensible &c adj.; anaesthetize^, blunt, pall, obtund^, benumb, paralyze; put under the influence of chloroform &c n.; stupefy, stun. Adj. insensible, unfeeling, senseless, impercipient^, callous, thick- skinned, pachydermatous; hard, hardened; case hardened; proof, obtuse, dull; anaesthetic; comatose, paralytic, palsied, numb, dead.

377. Physical Pleasure — N. pleasure; physical pleasure, sensual pleasure, sensuous pleasure; bodily enjoyment, animal gratification, hedonism, sensuality; luxuriousness &c adj.; dissipation, round of pleasure, titillation, gusto, creature comforts, comfort, ease; pillow &c (support) 215; luxury, lap of luxury; purple and fine linen; bed of downs, bed of roses; velvet, clover; cup of Circe &c (intemperance) 954. treat; refreshment, regale; feast; delice [Fr.]; dainty &c 394; bonne bouche [Fr.]. source of pleasure &c 829; happiness &c (mental enjoyment) 827. V. feel pleasure, experience pleasure, receive pleasure; enjoy, relish; luxuriate in, revel in, riot in, bask in, swim in, drink up, eat up, wallow in; feast on; gloat over, float on; smack the lips. live on the fat of the land, live in comfort &c adv.; bask in the sunshine, faire ses choux gras [Fr.]. give pleasure &c 829. Adj. enjoying &c v.; luxurious, voluptuous, sensual, comfortable, cosy, snug, in comfort, at ease. pleasant, agreeable &c 829. Adv. in comfort &c n.; on a bed of roses &c n.; at one's ease. Phr. ride si sapis [Lat.] [Martial]; voluptales commendat rarior usus [Lat.] [Juvenal].

378. Physical Pain — N. pain; suffering, sufferance, suffrance^; bodily pain, physical pain, bodily suffering, physical suffering, body pain; mental suffering &c 828; dolour, ache; aching &c v.; smart; shoot, shooting; twinge, twitch, gripe, headache, stomach ache, heartburn, angina, angina pectoris [Lat.]; hurt, cut; sore, soreness; discomfort, malaise; cephalalgia [Med.], earache, gout, ischiagra^, lumbago, neuralgia, odontalgia^, otalgia^, podagra^, rheumatism, sciatica; tic douloureux [Fr.], toothache, tormina^, torticollis^. spasm, cramp; nightmare, ephialtes^; crick, stitch; thrill, convulsion, throe; throb &c (agitation) 315; pang; colic; kink. sharp pain, piercing pain, throbbing pain, shooting pain, sting, gnawing pain, burning pain; excruciating pain. anguish, agony; torment, torture; rack; cruciation^, crucifixion; martyrdom, toad under a harrow, vivisection. V. feel pain, experience pain, suffer pain, undergo pain &c n.; suffer, ache, smart, bleed; tingle, shoot; twinge, twitch, lancinate^; writhe, wince, make a wry face; sit on thorns, sit on pins and needles. give pain, inflict pain; lacerate; pain, hurt, chafe, sting, bite, gnaw, gripe; pinch, tweak; grate, gall, fret, prick, pierce, wring, convulse; torment, torture; rack, agonize; crucify; cruciate^, excruciate^; break on the wheel, put to the rack; flog &c (punish) 972; grate on the ear &c (harsh sound) 410. Adj. in pain &c n., in a state of pain; pained &c v.; gouty, podagric^, torminous^. painful; aching &c v.; sore, raw. 2. Special Sensation (1) Touch

379. [Sensation of pressure] Touch — N. touch; tact, taction^, tactility; feeling; palpation, palpability; contrectation^; manipulation; massage. [Organ of touch] hand, finger, forefinger, thumb, paw, feeler, antenna; palpus^. V. touch, feel, handle, finger, thumb, paw, fumble, grope, grabble; twiddle, tweedle; pass the fingers over, run the fingers over; manipulate, wield; throw out a feeler. Adj. tactual, tactile; tangible, palpable; lambent.

380. Sensations of Touch — N. itching, pruritis [Med.] &c v.; titillation, formication^, aura; stereognosis^. V. itch, tingle, creep, thrill, sting; prick, prickle; tickle, titillate. Adj. itching &c v.; stereognostic^, titillative.

381. [insensibility to touch.] Numbness — N. numbness &c (physical insensibility) 376; anaesthesia; pins and needles. V. benumb &c 376. Adj. numb; benumbed &c v.; deadened; intangible, impalpable. (2) Heat

382. Heat — N. heat, caloric; temperature, warmth, fervor, calidity^; incalescence^, incandescence; glow, flush; fever, hectic. phlogiston; fire, spark, scintillation, flash, flame, blaze; bonfire; firework, pyrotechnics, pyrotechny^; wildfire; sheet of fire, lambent flame; devouring element; adiathermancy^; recalescence [Phys.]. summer, dog days; canicular days^; baking &c 384; heat, white heat, tropical heat, Afric heat^, Bengal heat^, summer heat, blood heat; sirocco, simoom; broiling sun; insolation; warming &c 384. sun &c (luminary) 423. [Science of heat] pyrology^; thermology^, thermotics^, thermodynamics; thermometer &c 389. [thermal units] calorie, gram-calorie, small calorie; kilocalorie, kilogram calorie, large calorie; British Thermal Unit, B.T.U.; therm, quad. [units of temperature] degrees Kelvin, kelvins, degrees centigrade, degrees Celsius; degrees Fahrenheit. V. be hot &c adj.; glow, flush, sweat, swelter, bask, smoke, reek, stew, simmer, seethe, boil, burn, blister, broil, blaze, flame; smolder; parch, fume, pant. heat &c (make hot) 384; recalesce^; thaw, give. Adj. hot, warm, mild, genial, tepid, lukewarm, unfrozen; thermal, thermic; calorific; fervent, fervid; ardent; aglow. sunny, torrid, tropical, estival^, canicular^, steamy; close, sultry, stifling, stuffy, suffocating, oppressive; reeking &c v.; baking &c 384. red hot, white hot, smoking hot, burning &c v.. hot, piping hot; like a furnace, like an oven; burning, hot as fire, hot as pepper; hot enough to roast an ox, hot enough to boil an egg. fiery; incandescent, incalescent^; candent^, ebullient, glowing, smoking; live; on fire; dazzling &c v.; in flames, blazing, in a blaze; alight, afire, ablaze; unquenched, unextinguished^; smoldering; in a heat, in a glow, in a fever, in a perspiration, in a sweat; sudorific^; sweltering, sweltered; blood hot, blood warm; warm as a toast, warm as wool. volcanic, plutonic, igneous; isothermal^, isothermic^, isotheral^. Phr. not a breath of air; whirlwinds of tempestuous fire [Paradise Lost].

383. Cold — N. cold, coldness &c adj.; frigidity, inclemency, fresco. winter; depth of winter, hard winter; Siberia, Nova Zembla; wind- chill factor. [forms of frozen water] ice; snow, snowflake, snow crystal, snow drift; sleet; hail, hailstone; rime, frost; hoar frost, white frost, hard frost, sharp frost; barf; glaze [U.S.], lolly [U.S.]; icicle, thick-ribbed ice; fall of snow, heavy fall; iceberg, icefloe; floe berg; glacier; nev_ee, serac^; pruina^. [cold substances] freezing mixture, dry ice, liquid nitrogen, liquid helium. [Sensation of cold] chilliness &c adj.; chill; shivering &c v.; goose skin, horripilation^; rigor; chattering of teeth; numbness, frostbite. V. be cold &c adj.; shiver, starve, quake, shake, tremble, shudder, didder^, quiver; freeze, freeze to death, perish with cold. freeze &c (render cold) 385; horripilate^, make the skin crawl, give one goose flesh. Adj. cold, cool; chill, chilly; icy; gelid, frigid, algid^; fresh, keen, bleak, raw, inclement, bitter, biting, niveous^, cutting, nipping, piercing, pinching; clay-cold; starved &c (made cold) 385; chilled to the bone, shivering &c v.; aguish, transi de froid [Fr.]; frostbitten, frost-bound, frost-nipped. cold as a stone, cold as marble, cold as lead, cold as iron, cold as a frog, cold as charity, cold as Christmas; cool as a cucumber, cool as custard. icy, glacial, frosty, freezing, pruinose^, wintry, brumal^, hibernal^, boreal, arctic, Siberian, hyemal^; hyperborean, hyperboreal^; icebound; frozen out. unwarmed^, unthawed^; lukewarm, tepid; isocheimal^, isocheimenal^, isocheimic^. frozen, numb, frost-bitten. Adv. coldly, bitterly &c adj.; pierre fendre [Fr.];

384. Calefaction — N. increase of temperature; heating &c v.; calefaction^, tepefaction^, torrefaction^; melting, fusion; liquefaction &c 335; burning &c v.; ambustion^, combustion; incension^, accension^; concremation^, cremation; scorification^; cautery, cauterization; ustulation^, calcination; cracking, refining; incineration, cineration^; carbonization; cupellation [Chem]. ignition, inflammation, adustion^, flagration^; deflagration, conflagration; empyrosis^, incendiarism; arson; auto dafe [Fr.]. boiling &c v.; coction^, ebullition, estuation^, elixation^, decoction; ebullioscope^; geyser; distillation (vaporization) 336. furnace &c 386; blanket, flannel, fur; wadding &c (lining) 224; clothing &c 225. still; refinery; fractionating column, fractionating tower, cracking tower. match &c (fuel) 388; incendiary; petroleuse [Fr.]; [biological effects resembling the effects of heat] [substances causing a burning sensation and damage on skin or tissue] cauterizer^; caustic, lunar caustic, alkali, apozem^, moxa^; acid, aqua fortis [Lat.], aqua regia; catheretic^, nitric acid, nitrochloro-hydric acid, nitromuriatic acid; radioactivity, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta rays, X-rays, radiation, cosmic radiation, background radiation, radioactive isotopes, tritium, uranium, plutonium, radon, radium. sunstroke, coup de soleil [Fr.]; insolation. [artifacts requiring heat in their manufacture] pottery, ceramics, crockery, porcelain, china; earthenware, stoneware; pot, mug, terra cotta [Sp.], brick, clinker. [products of combustion] cinder, ash, scoriae, embers, soot; slag. [products of heating organic materials] coke, carbon, charcoal; wood alcohol, turpentine, tea tree oil; gasoline, kerosene, naptha, fuel oil (fuel) 388; wax, paraffin; residue, tar. inflammability, combustibility. [Transmission of heat] diathermancy^, transcalency^, conduction; convection; radiation, radiant heat; heat conductivity, conductivity. [effects of heat 2] thermal expansion; coefficient of expansion. V. heat, warm, chafe, stive^, foment; make hot &c 382; sun oneself, sunbathe. go up in flames, burn to the ground (flame) 382. fire; set fire to, set on fire; kindle, enkindle, light, ignite, strike a light; apply the match to, apply the torch to; rekindle, relume^; fan the flame, add fuel to the flame; poke the fire, stir the fire, blow the fire; make a bonfire of. melt, thaw, fuse; liquefy &c 335. burn, inflame, roast, toast, fry, grill, singe, parch, bake, torrefy^, scorch; brand, cauterize, sear, burn in; corrode, char, calcine, incinerate; smelt, scorify^; reduce to ashes; burn to a cinder; commit to the flames, consign to the flames. boil, digest, stew, cook, seethe, scald, parboil, simmer; do to rags. take fire, catch fire; blaze &c (flame) 382. Adj. heated &c v.; molten, sodden; rechauffe; heating &c v.; adust^. inflammable, combustible; diathermal^, diathermanous^; burnt &c v.; volcanic, radioactive.

385. Refrigeration — N. refrigeration, infrigidation^, reduction of temperature; cooling &c v.; congelation^, conglaciation^; ice &c 383; solidification &c (density) 321; ice box (refrigerator) 385. extincteur [Fr.]; fire annihilator; amianth^, amianthus^; earth- flax, mountain-flax; flexible asbestos; fireman, fire brigade (incombustibility) 388.1. incombustibility, incombustibleness &c adj.^. (insulation) 388.1. air conditioning [residential cooling], central air conditioning; air conditioner; fan, attic fan; dehumidifier. V. cool, fan, refrigerate, refresh, ice; congeal, freeze, glaciate; benumb, starve, pinch, chill, petrify, chill to the marrow, regelate^, nip, cut, pierce, bite, make one's teeth chatter, damp, slack quench; put out, stamp out; extinguish; go out, burn out (incombustibility) 388.1. Adj. cooled &c v.; frozen out; cooling &c v.; frigorific^.

386. Furnace — N. furnace, stove, kiln, oven; cracker; hearth, focus, combustion chamber; athanor^, hypocaust^, reverberatory; volcano; forge, fiery furnace; limekiln; Dutch oven; tuyere, brasier^, salamander, heater, warming pan; boiler, caldron, seething caldron, pot; urn, kettle; chafing-dish; retort, crucible, alembic, still; waffle irons; muffle furnace, induction furnace; electric heater, electric furnace, electric resistance heat. [steel-making furnace] open-hearth furnace. fireplace, gas fireplace; coal fire, wood fire; fire-dog, fire- irons; grate, range, kitchener; caboose, camboose^; poker, tongs, shovel, ashpan, hob, trivet; andiron, gridiron; ashdrop; frying-pan, stew-pan, backlog. [area near a fireplace] hearth, inglenook. [residential heating methods] oil burner, gas burner, Franklin stove, pot-bellied stove; wood-burning stove; central heating, steam heat, hot water heat, gas heat, forced hot air, electric heat, heat pump; solar heat, convective heat. hothouse, bakehouse^, washhouse^; laundry; conservatory; sudatory^; Turkish bath, Russian bath, vapor bath, steam bath, sauna, warm bath; vaporarium^.

387. Refrigerator — N. refrigerator, refrigeratory^; frigidarium^; cold storage, cold room, cold laboratory; icehouse, icepail, icebag, icebox; cooler, damper, polyurethane cooler; wine cooler. freezer, deep freeze, dry ice freezer, liquid nitrogen freezer, refigerator-freezer. freezing mixture [refrigerating substances], ice, ice cubes, blocks of ice, chipped ice; liquid nitrogen, dry ice, dry ice-acetone, liquid helium.

388. Fuel — N. fuel, firing, combustible. [solid fuels] coal, wallsend^, anthracite, culm^, coke, carbon, charcoal, bituminous coal, tar shale; turf, peat, firewood, bobbing, faggot, log; cinder &c (products of combustion) 384; ingle, tinder, touchwood; sulphur, brimstone; incense; port-fire; fire-barrel, fireball, brand; amadou^, bavin^; blind coal, glance coal; German tinder, pyrotechnic sponge, punk, smudge [U.S.]; solid fueled rocket. [fuels for candles and lamps] wax, paraffin wax, paraffin oil; lamp oil, whale oil. [liquid fuels] oil, petroleum, gasoline, high octane gasoline, nitromethane, petrol, gas, juice [Coll.], gasohol, alcohol, ethanol, methanol, fuel oil, kerosene, jet fuel, heating oil, number 2 oil, number 4 oil, naphtha; rocket fuel, high specific impulse fuel, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, lox. [gaseous fuels] natural gas, synthetic gas, synthesis gas, propane, butane, hydrogen. brand, torch, fuse; wick; spill, match, light, lucifer, congreve^, vesuvian, vesta^, fusee, locofoco^; linstock^. candle &c (luminary) 423; oil &c (grease) 356. Adj. carbonaceous; combustible, inflammable; high octane, high specific impulse; heat of combustion,