#898. Hate. — N. hate, hatred, vials of hate. disaffection, disfavor; alienation, estrangement, coolness; enmity &c. 889; animosity &c. 900. umbrage, pique, grudge; dudgeon, spleen bitterness, bitterness of feeling; ill blood, bad blood; acrimony; malice &c. 907; implacability &c. (revenge) 919. repugnance &c. (dislike) 867; misanthropy, demonophobia[obs3], gynephobia[obs3], negrophobia[obs3]; odium, unpopularity; detestation, antipathy; object of hatred, object of execration; abomination, aversion, bete noire; enemy &c. 891; bitter pill; source of annoyance &c. 830. V. hate, detest, abominate, abhor, loathe; recoil at, shudder at; shrink from, view with horror, hold in abomination, revolt against, execrate;scowl &c. 895; disrelish &c. (dislike) 867. owe a grudge; bear spleen, bear a grudge, bear malice &c. (malevolence) 907; conceive an aversion to, take a dislike to. excite hatred, provoke hatred &c. n.; be hateful &c. adj.; stink in the nostrils; estrange, alienate, repel, set against, sow dissension, set by the ears, envenom, incense, irritate, rile; horrify &c. 830; roil. Adj. hating &c. v.; abhorrent; averse from &c. (disliking) 867; set against. bitter &c. (acrimonious) 895 implacable &c. (revengeful) 919. unloved, unbeloved, unlamented, undeplored, unmourned[obs3], uncared for, unendeared[obs3], un-valued; disliked &c. 867. crossed in love, forsaken, rejected, lovelorn, jilted. obnoxious, hateful, odious, abominable, repulsive, offensive, shocking; disgusting &c. (disagreeable) 830; reprehensible. invidious, spiteful; malicious &c. 907. insulting, irritating, provoking. at daggers drawn[Mutual hate]; not on speaking terms &c. (enmity) 889; at loggerheads. Phr. no love lost between.

#899. Favorite. — N. favorite, pet, cosset, minion, idol, jewel, spoiled child, enfant gat[Fr]; led captain; crony; fondling; apple of one's eye, man after one's own heart; persona grata. love[person who is a favorite (terms of address)], dear, darling, duck, duckey, honey, sugar, jewel; mopsey[obs3], moppet, princess; sweetheart, sweetie &c. (love) 897. teacher's pet. general favorite, universal favorite; idol of the people.



#900. Resentment. — N. resentment, displeasure, animosity, anger, wrath, indignation; exasperation, bitter resentment, wrathful indignation. pique, umbrage, huff, miff, soreness, dudgeon, acerbity, virulence, bitterness, acrimony, asperity, spleen, gall; heart-burning, heart- swelling; rankling. ill humor, bad humor, ill temper, bad temper; irascibility &c. 901; ill blood &c. (hate) 898; revenge &c. 919. excitement, irritation; warmth, bile, choler, ire, fume, pucker, dander, ferment, ebullition; towering passion, acharnement[Fr], angry mood, taking, pet, tiff, passion, fit, tantrums. burst, explosion, paroxysm, storm, rage, fury, desperation; violence &c. 173; fire and fury; vials of wrath; gnashing of teeth, hot blood, high words. scowl &c. 895; sulks &c. 901a. [Cause of umbrage] affront, provocation, offense; indignity &c. (insult) 929; grudge, crow to pluck, bone to pick, sore subject, casus belli[Lat]; ill turn, outrage. Furies, Eumenides. buffet, slap in the face, box on the ear, rap on the knuckles. V. resent; take amiss, take ill, take to heart, take offense, take umbrage, take huff, take exception; take in ill part, take in bad part, take in dudgeon; ne pas entendre raillerie[Fr]; breathe revenge, cut up rough. fly into a rage, fall into a rage, get into a rage, fly into a passion; bridle up, bristle up, froth up, fire up, flare up; open the vials of one's wrath, pour out the vials of one's wrath. pout, knit the brow, frown, scowl, lower, snarl, growl, gnarl, gnash, snap; redden, color; look black, look black as thunder, look daggers; bite one's thumb; show one's teeth, grind one's teeth; champ the bit, champ at the bit. chafe, mantle, fume, kindle, fly out, take fire; boil, boil over; boil with indignation, boil with rage; rage, storm, foam, vent one's rage, vent one's spleen; lose one's temper, stand on one's hind legs, stamp the foot, stamp with rage, quiver with rage, swell with rage, foam with rage; burst with anger; raise Cain. have a fling at; bear malice &c. (revenge) 919. cause anger, raise anger; affront, offend; give offense, give umbrage; anger; hurt the feelings; insult, discompose, fret, ruffle, nettle, huff, pique; excite &c. 824; irritate, stir the blood, stir up bile; sting, sting to the quick; rile, provoke, chafe, wound, incense, inflame, enrage, aggravate, add fuel to the flame, fan into a flame, widen the breach, envenom, embitter, exasperate, infuriate, kindle wrath; stick in one's gizzard; rankle &e. 919; hit on the raw, rub on the raw, sting on the raw, strike on the raw. put out of countenance, put out of humor; put one's monkey up, put one's back up; raise one's gorge, raise one's dander, raise one's choler; work up into a passion; make one's blood boil, make the ears tingle; throw, into a ferment, madden, drive one mad; lash into fury, lash into madness; fool to the top of one's bent; set by the ears. bring a hornet's nest about one's ears. Adj. angry, wrath, irate; ireful, wrathful; cross &c. (irascible) 901; Achillean[obs3]; sulky, &c. 901a; bitter, virulent; acrimonious &c. (discourteous) &c. 895; violent &c. 173. warm, burning; boiling, boiling over; fuming, raging; foaming, foaming at the mouth; convulsed with rage. offended &c. v.; waxy, acharne; wrought, worked up; indignant, hurt, sore; set against. fierce, wild, rageful[obs3], furious, mad with rage, fiery, infuriate, rabid, savage; relentless &c. 919. flushed with anger, flushed with rage; in a huff, in a stew, in a fume, in a pucker, in a passion, in a rage, in a fury, in a taking, in a way; on one's high ropes, up in arms; in high dudgeon. Adv. angrily &c. adj.; in the height of passion; in the heat of passion, in the heat of the moment. Int. tantaene animis coelestibus irae [Lat][Vergil]! marry come up! zounds! 'sdeath! Phr. one's blood being up, one's back being up, one's monkey being up; fervens difficili bile jecur[Lat]; the gorge rising, eyes flashing fire; the blood rising, the blood boiling; haeret lateri lethalis arundo [Lat][Vergil]; "beware the fury of a patient man" [Dryden]; furor arma ministrat [Lat][Vergil]; ira furor brevis est [Lat][Horace]; quem Jupiter vult perdere dementat prius[Lat]; "What, drunk with choler?" [Henry IV].

#901. Irascibility. — N. irascibility, irascibleness, temper; crossness &c. adj.; susceptibility, procacity, petulance, irritability, tartness, acerbity, protervity; pugnacity &c. (contentiousness) 720. excitability &c. 825; bad temper, fiery temper, crooked temper, irritable &c. adj. temper; genus irritabile[Lat], hot blood. ill humor &c. (sullenness) 901a; asperity &c., churlishness &c. (discourtesy) 895. huff &c. (resentment) 900; a word and a blow. Sir Fretful Plagiary; brabbler[obs3], Tartar; shrew, vixen, virago, termagant, dragon, scold, Xantippe; porcupine; spitfire; fire eater &c. (blusterer) 887; fury &c. (violent person) 173. V. be irascible &c. adj.; have a temper &c. n., have a devil in one; fire up &c. (be angry) 900. Adj. irascible; bad-tempered, ill-tempered; irritable, susceptible; excitable &c. 825; thin-skinned &c. (sensitive) 822; fretful, fidgety; on the fret. hasty, overhasty, quick, warm, hot, testy, touchy, techy[obs3], tetchy; like touchwood, like tinder; huffy; pettish, petulant; waspish, snappish, peppery, fiery, passionate, choleric, shrewish, "sudden and quick in quarrel" [As You Like It]. querulous, captious, moodish[obs3]; quarrelsome, contentious, disputatious; pugnacious &c. (bellicose) 720; cantankerous, exceptious[obs3]; restiff &c. (perverse) 901a[obs3]; churlish &c. (discourteous) 895. cross, cross as crabs, cross as two sticks, cross as a cat, cross as a dog, cross as the tongs; fractious, peevish, acaritre[obs3]. in a bad temper; sulky &c. 901a; angry &c. 900. resentful, resentive[obs3]; vindictive &c. 919. Int. pish! Phr. a vieux comptes nouvelles disputes[Fr]; quamvis tegatur proditur vultu furor [Lat][Seneca]; vino tortus et ira [Lat][Horace].



#901a. Sullenness. N. sullenness &c. adj.; morosity[obs3], spleen; churlishness &c. (discourtesy) 895; irascibility &c. 901. moodiness &c. adj.; perversity; obstinacy &c. 606; torvity , spinosity[obs3]; crabbedness &c. adj. ill temper, bad temper, ill humor, bad humor; sulks, dudgeon, mumps[obs3], dumps, doldrums, fit of the sulks, bouderie[Fr], black looks, scowl; grouch; huff &c. (resentment) 900. V. be sullen &c. adj.; sulk; frown, scowl, lower, glower, gloam[obs3], pout, have a hangdog look, glout[obs3]. Adj. sullen, sulky; ill-tempered, ill-humored, ill-affected, ill- disposed; grouty [obs3][U. S.]; in an ill temper, in a bad temper, in a shocking temper, in an ill humor, in a bad humor, in a shocking humor; out of temper, out of humor; knaggy[obs3], torvous[obs3], crusty, crabbed; sour, sour as a crab; surly &c. (discourteous) 895. moody; spleenish[obs3], spleenly[obs3]; splenetic, cankered. cross, crossgrained[obs3]; perverse, wayward, humorsome[obs3]; restiff[obs3], restive; cantankerous, intractable, exceptious[obs3], sinistrous[obs3], deaf to reason, unaccommodating, rusty, froward; cussed [U. S.]. dogged &c. (stubborn) 606. grumpy, glum, grim, grum[obs3], morose, frumpish; in the sulks &c. n.; out of sorts; scowling, glowering, growling; grouchy. peevish &c. (irascible) 901.

#902. [Expression of affection or love.] Endearment. N. endearment, caress; blandishment, blandiment ; panchement, fondling, billing and cooing, dalliance, necking, petting, sporting, sparking, hanky-panky; caressing. embrace, salute, kiss, buss, smack, osculation, deosculation ; amorous glances. courtship, wooing, suit, addresses, the soft impeachment; lovemaking; serenading; caterwauling. flirting &c. v.; flirtation, gallantry; coquetry. true lover's knot, plighted love; love tale, love token, love letter; billet-doux, valentine. honeymoon; Strephon and Chloe[obs3]. V. caress, fondle, pet, dandle; pat, pat on the head, pat on the cheek; chuck under the chin, smile upon, coax, wheedle, cosset, coddle, cocker, cockle; make of, make much of; cherish, foster, kill with kindness. clasp, hug, cuddle; fold in one's arms, strain in one's arms; nestle, nuzzle; embrace, kiss, buss, smack, blow a kiss; salute &c. (courtesy) 894; fold to the heart, press to the bosom. bill and coo, spoon, toy, dally, flirt, coquet; gallivant, galavant; philander; make love; pay one's court to, pay one's addresses to, pay one's attentions to; serenade; court, woo; set one's cap at; be sweet upon, look sweet upon; ogle, cast sheep's eyes upon; faire les yeux doux[Fr]. fall in love with, win the affections &c. (love) 897; die for. propose; make an offer, have an offer; pop the question; plight one's troth, plight one's faith. Adj. caressing &c. v.; "sighing like furnace" [Shakespeare]; love- sick, spoony. caressed &c. V. Phr. "faint heart neer won fair lady"; "kisses honeyed by oblivion" [G. Eliot].



#903. Marriage. — N. marriage, matrimony, wedlock, union, intermarriage, miscegenation, the bonds of marriage, vinculum matrimonii[Lat], nuptial tie. married state, coverture, bed, cohabitation. match; betrothment &c. (promise) 768; wedding, nuptials, Hymen, bridal; espousals, spousals; leading to the altar &c. v.; nuptial benediction, epithalamium[obs3]; sealing. torch of Hymen, temple of Hymen; hymeneal altar; honeymoon. bridesmaid, bridesman[obs3], best man; bride, bridegroom. married man, married woman, married couple; neogamist[obs3], Benedict, partner, spouse, mate, yokemate[obs3]; husband, man, consort, baron; old man, good man; wife of one's bosom; helpmate, rib, better half, gray mare, old woman, old lady, good wife, goodwife. feme[Fr], feme coverte[Fr]; squaw, lady; matron, matronage, matronhood[obs3]; man and wife; wedded pair, Darby and Joan; spiritual wife. monogamy, bigamy, digamy[obs3], deuterogamy[obs3], trigamy[obs3], polygamy; mormonism; levirate[obs3]; spiritual wifery[obs3], spiritual wifeism[obs3]; polyandrism[obs3]; Turk, bluebeard[obs3]. unlawful marriage, left-handed marriage, morganatic marriage, ill- assorted marriage; mesalliance; mariage de convenance[Fr]. marriage broker; matrimonial agency, matrimonial agent, matrimonial bureau, matchmaker; schatchen[Ger]. V. marry, wive, take to oneself a wife; be married, be spliced; go off, pair off; wed, espouse, get hitched[U.S. slang], lead to the hymeneal altar, take "for better for worse", give one's hand to, bestow one's hand upon. marry, join, handfast[obs3]; couple &c. (unit) 43; tie the nuptial knot; give away, give away in marriage; seal; ally, affiance; betroth &c. (promise) 768; publish the banns, bid the banns; be asked in church. Adj. married &c. v.; one, one bone and one flesh. marriageable, nubile. engaged, betrothed, affianced. matrimonial, marital, conjugal, connubial, wedded; nuptial, hymeneal, spousal, bridal. Phr. the gray mare the better horse; "a world-without-end bargain" [Love's Labor's Lost]; "marriages are made in Heaven" [Tennyson]; "render me worthy of this noble wife" [Julius Caesar]; si qua voles apte nubere nube pari [Lat][Ovid].

#904. Celibacy. — N. celibacy, singleness, single blessedness; bachelorhood, bachelorship[obs3]; misogamy[obs3], misogyny. virginity, pucelage[obs3]; maidenhood, maidenhead. unmarried man, bachelor, Coelebs, agamist[obs3], old bachelor; misogamist[obs3], misogynist; monogamist; monk. unmarried woman, spinster; maid, maiden;virgin, feme sole[Fr], old maid; bachelor girl, girl-bachelor; nun. V. live single, live alone. Adj. unmarried, unwed, unwedded[obs3]; wifeless, spouseless[obs3]; single.

#905. Divorce. — N. divorce, divorcement; separation; judicial separation, separate maintenance; separatio a mensa et thoro[Lat], separatio a vinculo matrimonii [Lat]. trial separation, breakup; annulment. widowhood, viduity[obs3], weeds. widow, widower; relict; dowager; divorcee; cuckold; grass widow, grass widower; merry widow. V. live separate; separate, divorce, disespouse[obs3], put away; wear the horns.

% 2. DIFFUSIVE SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS %

#906. Benevolence. — N. benevolence, Christian charity; God's love, God's grace; good will; philanthropy &c. 910; unselfishness &c. 942. good nature, good feeling, good wishes; kindness, kindliness &c. adj.; loving-kindness, benignity, brotherly love, charity, humanity, fellow- feeling, sympathy: goodness of heart, warmth of heart; bonhomie; kind- heartedness; amiability, milk of human kindness, tenderness; love &c. 897; friendship &c. 888. toleration, consideration, generosity; mercy &c. (pity) 914. charitableness &c. adj.; bounty, almsgiving; good works, beneficence, "the luxury of doing good" [Goldsmith]. acts of kindness, a good turn; good offices, kind offices good treatment, kind treatment. good Samaritan, sympathizer, bon enfant[Fr]; altruist. V. be benevolent &c. adj.; have one's heart in the right place, bear good will; wish well, wish Godspeed; view with an eye of favor, regard with an eye of favor; take in good part; take an interest in, feel an interest in; be interested in, feel interested in; sympathize with, empathize with, feel for; fraternize &c. (be friendly) 888. enter into the feelings of others, do as you would be done by, meet halfway. treat well; give comfort, smooth the bed of death; do good, do a good turn; benefit &c. (goodness) 648; render a service, be of use; aid &c. 707. Adj. benevolent; kind, kindly; well-meaning; amiable; obliging, accommodating, indulgent, gracious, complacent, good-humored. warm-hearted, kind-hearted, tender-hearted, large-hearted, broad- hearted; merciful &c. 914; charitable, beneficent, humane, benignant; bounteous, bountiful. good-natured, well-natured; spleenless[obs3]; sympathizing, sympathetic; complaisant &c. (courteous) 894; well-meant, well-intentioned. fatherly, motherly, brotherly, sisterly; paternal, maternal, fraternal; sororal[obs3]; friendly &c. 888. Adv. with a good intention, with the best intentions. Int. Godspeed! much good may it do! Phr. "act a charity sometimes" [Lamb]; "a tender heart, a will inflexible" [Longfellow]; de mortuis nil nisi bonum [Lat: say only good things about the dead, don't speak ill of the dead]; "kind words are more than coronets" [Tennyson]; quando amigo pide no hay manana[Lat]; "the social smile, the sympathetic tear" [Gray].

#907. Malevolence. N. malevolence; bad intent, bad intention; unkindness, diskindness[obs3]; ill nature, ill will, ill blood; bad blood; enmity &c. 889; hate &c. 898; malignity; malice, malice prepense[obs3]; maliciousness &c. adj.; spite, despite; resentment &c. 900. uncharitableness &c. adj.; incompassionateness &c. 914a[obs3]; gall, venom, rancor, rankling, virulence, mordacity[obs3], acerbity churlishness &c. (discourtesy) 895. hardness of heart, heart of stone, obduracy; cruelty; cruelness &c. adj.; brutality, savagery; ferity[obs3], ferocity; barbarity, inhumanity, immanity , truculence, ruffianism; evil eye, cloven foot; torture, vivisection. ill turn, bad turn; affront &c. (disrespect) 929; outrage, atrocity; ill usage; intolerance, persecution; tender mercies [ironical]; "unkindest cut of all" [Julius Caesar]. V. be malevolent &c. adj.; bear spleen, harbor spleen, bear a grudge, harbor a grudge, bear malice; betray the cloven foot, show the cloven foot. hurt &c. (physical pain) 378; annoy &c. 830; injure., harm, wrong; do harm to, do an ill office to; outrage; disoblige, malign, plant a thorn in the breast. molest, worry, harass, haunt, harry, bait, tease; throw stones at; play the devil with; hunt down, dragoon, hound; persecute, oppress, grind; maltreat; illtreat, ill-use. wreak one's malice on, do one's worst, break a butterfly on the wheel; dip one's hands in blood, imbrue one's hands in blood; have no mercy &c. 914a. Adj. malevolent, unbenevolent; unbenign; ill-disposed, ill- intentioned, ill-natured, ill-conditioned, ill-contrived; evil-minded, evil-disposed; black-browed[obs3]. malicious; malign, malignant; rancorous; despiteful, spiteful; mordacious, caustic, bitter, envenomed, acrimonious, virulent; unamiable, uncharitable; maleficent, venomous, grinding, galling. harsh, disobliging; unkind, unfriendly, ungracious; inofficious[obs3]; invidious; uncandid; churlish &c. (discourteous) 895; surly, sullen &c. 901a. cold, cold-blooded, cold-hearted; black-hearted, hard-hearted, flint- hearted, marble-hearted, stony-hearted; hard of heart, unnatural; ruthless &c. (unmerciful) 914a; relentless &c. (revengeful) 919. cruel; brutal, brutish; savage, savage as a bear, savage as a tiger; ferine[obs3], ferocious; inhuman; barbarous, barbaric, semibarbaric, fell, untamed, tameless, truculent, incendiary; bloodthirsty &c. (murderous) 361; atrocious; bloodyminded[obs3]. fiendish, fiendlike[obs3]; demoniacal; diabolic, diabolical; devilish, infernal, hellish, Satanic; Tartaran. Adv. malevolently &c. adj.; with bad intent &c. n. Phr. cruel as death; "hard unkindness' alter'd eye" [Gray]; homo homini lupus [Lat][Plautus]; mala mens[Lat], malus animus [Lat][Terence].; "rich gifts wax poor when givers prove unkind" [Hamlet]; "sharp-tooth'd unkindness" [Lear].



#908. Malediction. — N. malediction, malison[obs3], curse, imprecation, denunciation, execration, anathema, ban, proscription, excommunication, commination[obs3], thunders of the Vatican, fulmination, maranatha[obs3]; aspersion, disparagement, vilification, vituperation. abuse; foul language, bad language, strong language, unparliamentary language; billingsgate, sauce, evil speaking; cursing &c. v.; profane swearing, oath; foul invective, ribaldry, rude reproach, scurrility. threat &c. 909; more bark than bite; invective &c. (disapprobation) 932. V. curse, accurse[obs3], imprecate, damn, swear at; curse with bell book and candle; invoke curses on the head of, call down curses on the head of; devote to destruction. execrate, beshrew[obs3], scold; anathematize &c. (censure) 932; bold up to execration, denounce, proscribe, excommunicate, fulminate, thunder against; threaten &c. 909. curse and swear; swear, swear like a trooper; fall a cursing, rap out an oath, damn. Adj. cursing, cursed &c. v. Int. woe to! beshrew[obs3]! ruat coelum[Lat]! ill betide, woe betide; confusion seize! damn! damn it! damn you! damn you to hell! go to hell! go to blazes! confound! blast! curse! devil take! hang! out with! a plague upon! out upon! aroynt[obs3]! honi soit[Fr]! parbleu[Fr]! Phr. delenda est Carthago[Lat].

#909. Threat. — N. threat, menace; defiance &c. 715; abuse, minacity[obs3], intimidation; denunciation; fulmination; commination &c. (curse) 908[obs3]; gathering clouds &c. (warning) 668. V. threat, threaten; menace; snarl, growl, gnarl, mutter, bark, bully. defy &c. 715; intimidate &c. 860; keep in terrorem[Lat], hold up in terrorem[Lat], hold out in terrorem[Lat]; shake the fist at, double the fist at, clinch the fist at; thunder, talk big, fulminate, use big words, bluster, look daggers, stare daggers. Adj. threatening, menacing; minatory, minacious[obs3]; comminatory[obs3], abusive; in terrorem[Lat]; ominous &c. (predicting) 511 ; defiant &c. 715; under the ban. Int. vae victis[Lat]! at your peril! do your worst!

#910. Philanthropy. N. philanthropy, humanity, humanitarianism universal benevolence; endaemonism[obs3], deliciae humani generis[Lat]; cosmopolitanism, utilitarianism, the greatest happiness of the greatest number, social science, sociology. common weal; socialism, communism, Fourierism !, phalansterianism[obs3], Saint Simonianism[obs3]. patriotism, civism[obs3], nationality, love of country, amor patriae[Lat], public spirit. chivalry, knight errantry[obs3]; generosity &c. 942. philanthropist, endaemonist[obs3], utilitarian, Benthamite, socialist, communist, cosmopolite, citizen of the world, amicus humani generis[Lat]; knight errant; patriot. Adj. philanthropic, humanitarian, utilitarian, cosmopolitan; public- spirited, patriotic; humane, large-hearted &c. (benevolent) 906; chivalric; generous &c. 942. Adv. pro bono publico[Lat], pro aris et focis [Lat][obs3][Cicero]. Phr. humani nihil a me alienum puto [Lat][Terence]; omne solum forti patria [Lat][Ovid]; un bien fait n'est jamais perdu[Fr].

#911. Misanthropy. — N. misanthropy, incivism; egotism &c. (selfishness) 943; moroseness &c. 901a; cynicism. misanthrope, misanthropist, egotist, cynic, man hater, Timon, Diogenes. woman hater, misogynist. Adj. misanthropic, antisocial, unpatriotic; egotistical &c.(selfish) 943; morose &c. 901a.



#912. Benefactor. — N. benefactor, savior, good genius, tutelary saint, guardian angel, good Samaritan; pater patriae[Lat]; salt of the earth &c. (good man); 948; auxiliary &c. 711.

#913. [Maleficent being] Evil doer N. evil doer, evil worker; wrongdoer &c. 949; mischief-maker, marplot; oppressor, tyrant; destroyer, Vandal; iconoclast !. firebrand, incendiary, fire bug [U. S.], pyromaniac; anarchist, communist !, terrorist. savage, brute, ruffian, barbarian, semibarbarian[obs3], caitiff, desperado; Apache[obs3], hoodlum, hood, plug-ugly*, pug-ugly* [U.S.], Red Skin, tough [U. S.]; Mohawk, Mo-hock, Mo-hawk; bludgeon man, bully, rough, hooligan, larrikin[obs3], dangerous classes, ugly customer; thief &c. 792. cockatrice, scorpion, hornet. snake, viper, adder, snake in the grass; serpent, cobra, asp, rattlesnake, anaconda !. canker-worm, wire-worm; locust, Colorado beetle; alacran[obs3], alligator, caymon[obs3], crocodile, mosquito, mugger, octopus; torpedo; bane &c. 663. cutthroat &c. (killer) 461. cannibal; anthropophagus !, anthropophagist !; bloodsucker, vampire, ogre, ghoul, gorilla, vulture; gyrfalcon !, gerfalcon !. wild beast, tiger, hyena, butcher, hangman; blood-hound, hell-hound, sleuth-hound; catamount [U. S.], cougar, jaguar, puma. hag, hellhag[obs3], beldam, Jezebel. monster; fiend &c. (demon) 980; devil incarnate, demon in human shape; Frankenstein's monster. harpy, siren; Furies, Eumenides. Hun, Attila[obs3], scourge of the human race. Phr. faenum habet in cornu [Lat].

% 3. SPECIAL SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS %

#914. Pity. — N. pity, compassion, commiseration; bowels, of compassion; sympathy, fellow-feeling, tenderness, yearning, forbearance, humanity, mercy, clemency; leniency &c. (lenity) 740; charity, ruth, long- suffering. melting mood; argumentum ad misericordiam[Lat], quarter, grace, locus paenitentiae[Lat]. sympathizer; advocate, friend, partisan, patron, wellwisher. V. pity; have pity, show pity, take pity &c. n.; commiserate, compassionate; condole &c. 915; sympathize; feel for, be sorry for, yearn for; weep, melt, thaw, enter into the feelings of. forbear, relent, relax, give quarter, wipe the tears, parcere subjectis[Lat], give a coup de grace, put out of one's misery. raise pity, excite pity &c. n..; touch, soften; melt, melt the heart; propitiate, disarm. ask for mercy &c. v.; supplicate &c. (request) 765; cry for quarter, beg one's life, kneel; deprecate. Adj. pitying &c. v.; pitiful, compassionate, sympathetic, touched. merciful, clement, ruthful; humane; humanitarian &c. (philanthropic) 910; tender, tender hearted, tender as a chicken; soft, soft hearted; unhardened[obs3]; lenient &c. 740; exorable[obs3], forbearing; melting &c. v.; weak. Int. for pity's sake! mercy! have mercy! cry you mercy! God help you! poor thing! poor dear! poor fellow! woe betide! "quis talia fando temperet a lachrymiss!" [Lat][Vergil]. Phr. one's heart bleeding for; haud ignara mali miseris succurrere disco [Lat][Vergil]; "a fellow feeling makes one wondrous kind" onor di bocca assai giova e poco costa[Garrick][It].

#914a. Pitilessness. — N. pitilessness &c. adj.; inclemency; severity &c. 739; malevolence &c. 907. V. have no mercy, shut the gates of mercy &c. 914; give no quarter. Adj. pitiless, merciless, ruthless, bowelless; unpitying, unmerciful, inclement; grim-faced, grim-visaged; incompassionate[obs3], uncompassionate; inexorable; harsh &c. 739; unrelenting &c. 919.



#915. Condolence. — N. condolence; lamentation &c. 839; sympathy, consolation. V. condole with, console, sympathize express pity, testify pity; afford consolation, supply consolation; lament &c. 839 with; express sympathy for; feel grief in common with, feel sorrow in common with; share one's sorrow.

% 4. RETROSPECTIVE SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS %

#916. Gratitude. — N. gratitude, thankfulness, feeling of obligation, sense of obligation. acknowledgment, recognition, thanksgiving, thanksgiving, giving thanks; thankful good will. thanks, praise, benediction; paean; Te Deum &c. (worship) 990[Lat]; grace, grace before meat, grace after meat, grace before meals, grace after meals; thank offering. requital. V. be grateful &c. adj.; thank; give thanks, render thanks, return thanks, offer thanks, tender thanks &c. n.; acknowledge, requite. feel under an obligation, be under an obligation, lie under an obligation; savoir gr[Fr]; not look a gift horse in the mouth; never forget, overflow with gratitude; thank one's stars, thank one's lucky stars, bless one's stars; fall on one's knees. Adj. grateful, thankful, obliged, beholden, indebted to, under obligation. Int. thanks! many thanks! gramercy[obs3]! much obliged! thank you! thank you very much! thanks a lot! thanks a heap, thanks loads [coll.]; thank Heaven! Heaven be praised! Gott sei Dank[Ger]!.

#917. Ingratitude. — N. ingratitude, thanklessness, oblivion of benefits, unthankfulness[obs3]. "benefits forgot"; thankless task,thankless office. V. be ungrateful &c. adj.; forget benefits; look a gift horse in the mouth. Adj. ungrateful, unmindful, unthankful; thankless, ingrate, wanting in gratitude, insensible of benefits. forgotten; unacknowledged, unthanked[obs3], unrequited, unrewarded; ill-requited. Int. thank you for nothing! thanks for nothing! "et tu Brute!" [Julius Caesar]. Phr. "ingratitude! thou marble-hearted fiend" [Lear].

#918. Forgiveness. — N. forgiveness, pardon, condonation, grace, remission, absolution, amnesty, oblivion; indulgence; reprieve. conciliation; reconcilement; reconciliation &c. (pacification) 723; propitiation. excuse, exoneration, quittance, release, indemnity; bill of indemnity, act of indemnity, covenant of indemnity, deed of indemnity; exculpation &c. (acquittal) 970. longanimity[obs3], placability; amantium irae[Lat]; locus paenitentiae[Lat]; forbearance. V. forgive, forgive and forget; pardon, condone, think no more of, let bygones be bygones, shake hands; forget an injury. excuse, pass over, overlook; wink at &c. (neglect) 460; bear with; allow for, make allowances for; let one down easily, not be too hard upon, pocket the affront. let off, remit, absolve, give absolution, reprieve; acquit &c. 970. beg pardon, ask pardon, implore pardon &c. n.; conciliate, propitiate, placate; make up a quarrel &c. (pacify) 723; let the wound heal. Adj. forgiving, placable, conciliatory,. forgiven &c. v.; unresented[obs3], unavenged, unrevenged[obs3]. Adv. cry you mercy. Phr. veniam petimusque damusque vicissim [Lat][Horace]; more in sorrow than in anger; comprendre tout c'est tout pardonner[Fr]; "the offender never pardons" [Herbert].

#919. Revenge. N. revenge, revengement[obs3]; vengeance; avengement[obs3], avengeance , sweet revenge, vendetta, death feud, blood for blood retaliation &c. 718; day of reckoning. rancor, vindictiveness, implacability; malevolence &c. 907; ruthlessness &c. 914a. avenger, vindicator, Nemesis, Eumenides. V. revenge, avenge; vindicate; take one's revenge, have one's revenge; breathe revenge, breathe vengeance; wreak one's vengeance, wreak one's anger. have accounts to settle, have a crow to pluck, have a bone to pick, have a rod in pickle. keep the wound green; harbor revenge, harbor vindictive feeling; bear malice; rankle, rankle in the breast. Adj. revengeful, vengeful; vindictive, rancorous; pitiless &c. 914a; ruthless, rigorous, avenging. unforgiving, unrelenting; inexorable, stony-hearted, implacable; relentless, remorseless. aeternum servans sub pectore vulnus[Lat]; rankling; immitigable. Phr. manet ciratrix[Lat], manet alid mente repostum[Lat][obs3]; dies irae dies illa[Lat]; "in high vengeance there is noble scorn" [G. Eliot]; inhumanum verbum est ultio [Lat][Seneca]; malevolus animus abditos dentes habet [Lat][obs3][Syrus]; "now infidel I have thee on the hip" [Merchant of Venice].



#920. Jealousy.— N. jealousy,jealousness; jaundiced eye; envious suspicion, suspicion; "green-eyed monster" [Othello]; yellows; Juno. V. be jealous &c. adj.; view with jealousy, view with a jealous eye. Adj. jealous, jealous as a barbary pigeon[obs3]; jaundiced, yellow- eyed, envious, hornmad.

#921. Envy. — N. envy; enviousness &c. adj.; rivalry; jalousie de milier[Fr]; illwill, spite. V. envy, covet, burst with envy. Adj. envious, invidious, covetous; alieni appetens[Lat]. Phr. "base envy withers at another's joy" [Thomson]; caeca invidia est [Lat][Livy]; multa petentibus desunt multa [Lat][Horace]; summa petit livor [Lat][Ovid].

% SECTION IV. MORAL AFFECTIONS

1. MORAL OBLIGATIONS %

#922. Right. — N. right; what ought to be, what should be; fitness &c. adj.; summum jus[Lat]. justice, equity; equitableness &c. adj.; propriety; fair play, impartiality, measure for measure, give and take, lex talionis[Lat]. Astraea[obs3], Nemesis, Themis. scales of justice, evenhanded justice, karma; suum cuique[Lat]; clear stage, fair field and no favor, level playing field. morals &c. (duty) 926; law &c. 963; honor &c. (probity) 939; virtue &c. 944. V. be right &c. adj.; stand to reason. see justice done, see one righted, see fair play; do justice to; recompense &c. (reward) 973; bold the scales even, give and take; serve one right, put the saddle on the right horse; give every one his due, give the devil his due; audire alteram partem[Lat]. deserve &c. (be entitled to) 924. Adj. right, good; just, reasonable; fit &c. 924; equal, equable, equatable[obs3]; evenhanded, fair. legitimate, justifiable, rightful; as it should be, as it ought to be; lawful &c. (permitted) 760, (legal) 963. deserved &c. 924. Adv. rightly &c. adj.;  bon droit[Fr], au bon droit[Fr], in justice, in equity,, in reason. without distinction of persons, without regard to persons, without respect to persons; upon even terms. Int. all right! fair's fair. Phr. Dieu et mon droit[Fr]; "in equal scale weighing delight and dole" [Hamlet]; justitia cuum cuique distribuit [Lat][Cicero]; justitiae soror incorrupta fides[Lat]; justitia virtutem regina[Lat]; "thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just" [Henry VI].

#923. Wrong. — N. wrong; what ought not to be, what should not be; malum in se[Lat]; unreasonableness, grievance; shame. injustice; tort [Law]; unfairness &c. adj.; iniquity, foul play. partiality, leaning, bias; favor, favoritism; nepotism, party spirit, partisanship; bigotry. undueness &c. 925; wrongdoing (vice) 945; unlawfulness &c. 964. robbing Peter to pay Paul &c. v.; the wolf and the lamb; vice &c. 945. "a custom more honored in the breach than the observance" [Hamlet]. V. be wrong &c. adj.; cry to heaven for vengeance. do wrong &c. n.; be inequitable &c. adj.; favor, lean towards; encroach upon, impose upon; reap where one has not sown; give an inch and take an ell, give an inch and take an mile; rob Peter to pay Paul. Adj. wrong, wrongful; bad, too bad; unjust, unfair; inequitable, unequitable[obs3]; unequal, partial, one-sided; injurious, tortious[Law]. objectionable; unreasonable, unallowable, unwarrantable, unjustifiable; improper, unfit; unjustified &c. 925; illegal &c. 964; iniquitous; immoral &c. 945. in the wrong, in the wrong box. Adv. wrongly &c. adj. Phr. it will not do.



#924. Dueness. — N. due, dueness; right, privilege, prerogative, prescription, title, claim, pretension, demand, birthright. immunity, license, liberty, franchise; vested interest, vested right. sanction, authority, warranty, charter; warrant &c. (permission) 760; constitution &c. (law) 963; tenure; bond &c. (security) 771. claimant, appellant; plaintiff &c. 938. V. be due &c. adj. to, be the due &c. n. of; have right to, have title to, have claim to; be entitled to; have a claim upon; belong to &c. (property) 780. deserve, merit, be worthy of, richly deserve. demand, claim; call upon for, come upon for, appeal to for; revendicate[obs3], reclaim; exact; insist on, insist upon; challenge; take one's stand, make a point of, require, lay claim to, assert, assume, arrogate, make good; substantiate; vindicate a claim, vindicate a right; fit for, qualify for; make out a case. give a right, confer a right; entitle; authorize &c. 760; sanctify, legalize, ordain, prescribe, allot. give every one his due &c. 922; pay one's dues; have one's due, have one's rights. use a right, assert, enforce, put in force, lay under contribution. Adj. having a right to &c. v.; entitled to; claiming; deserving, meriting, worthy of. privileged, allowed, sanctioned, warranted, authorized; ordained, prescribed, constitutional, chartered, enfranchised. prescriptive, presumptive; absolute, indefeasible; unalienable, inalienable; imprescriptible[obs3], inviolable, unimpeachable, unchallenged; sacrosanct. due to, merited, deserved, condign, richly deserved. allowable &c. (permitted) 760; lawful, licit, legitimate, legal; legalized &c. (law) 963. square, unexceptionable, right; equitable &c. 922; due, en r gle; fit, fitting; correct, proper, meet, befitting, becoming, seemly; decorous; creditable, up to the mark, right as a trivet; just the thing, quite the thing; selon les r gles[Fr]. Adv. duly, ex officio, de jure[Lat]; by right, by divine right; jure divino[Lat], Dei gratia[Lat], in the name of. Phr. civis Romanus sum [Lat][Cicero];  chaque saint sa chandelle[Fr].

#925. [Absence of right.] Undueness. — N. undueness &c. adj.; malum prohibitum[Lat]; impropriety; illegality &c. 964. falseness &c. adj.; emptiness of title, invalidity of title; illegitimacy. loss of right, disfranchisement, forfeiture. usurpation, tort, violation, breach, encroachment, presumption, assumption, seizure; stretch, exaction, imposition, lion's share. usurper, pretender. V. be undue &c. adj.; not be due &c. 924. infringe, encroach, trench on, exact; arrogate, arrogate to oneself; give an inch and take an ell; stretch a point, strain a point; usurp, violate, do violence to. disfranchise, disentitle, disqualify; invalidate. relax &c. (be lax) 738; misbehave &c. (vice) 945; misbecome[obs3]. Adj. undue; unlawful &c. (illegal) 964; unconstitutional; illicit; unauthorized, unwarranted, disallowed, unallowed[obs3], unsanctioned, unjustified; unentitled[obs3], disentitled, unqualified, disqualified; unprivileged, unchartered. illegitimate, bastard, spurious, supposititious, false; usurped. tortious [Law]. undeserved, unmerited, unearned; unfulfilled. forfeited, disfranchised. improper; unmeet, unfit, unbefitting, unseemly; unbecoming, misbecoming[obs3]; seemless[obs3]; contra bonos mores[Lat]; not the thing, out of the question, not to be thought of; preposterous, pretentious, would-be. Phr. filius nullius.



#926. Duty. — N. duty, what ought to be done, moral obligation, accountableness[obs3], liability, onus, responsibility; bounden duty, imperative duty; call, call of duty; accountability. allegiance, fealty, tie engagement &c. (promise) 768; part; function, calling &c. (business) 625. morality,, morals, decalogue; case of conscience; conscientiousness &c. (probity) 939; conscience, inward monitor, still small voice within, sense of duty, tender conscience, superego; the hell within [P. L.]. dueness &c. 924; propriety, fitness, seemliness, amenability, decorum, ; the thing, the proper thing; the right thing to do, the proper thing to do. [Science of morals] ethics, ethology.; deontology[obs3], aretology[obs3]; moral philosophy, ethical philosophy; casuistry, polity. observance, fulfillment, discharge, performance, acquittal, satisfaction, redemption; good behavior. V. be the duty of; be incumbent &c. adj. on, be responsible &c. adj.; behoove, become, befit, beseem; belong to, pertain to; fall to one's lot; devolve on; lie upon, lie on one's head, lie at one's door; rest with, rest on the shoulders of. take upon oneself &c. (promise) 768; be bound to, become bound to, be sponsor for, become sponsor for; incur a responsibility &c. n.; be under an obligation, stand under an obligation, lie under an obligation; have to answer for, owe to it oneself. impose a duty, &c. n.; enjoin, require, exact; bind, bind over; saddle with, prescribe, assign, call upon, look to, oblige. enter upon a duty, perform a duty, observe a duty, fulfill a duty, discharge a duty, adhere to a duty, acquit oneself of a duty, satisfy a duty, enter upon an obligation, perform an obligation, observe an obligation, fulfill an obligation, discharge an obligation, adhere to an obligation, acquit oneself of an obligation, satisfy an obligation; act one's part, redeem one's pledge, do justice to, be at one's post; do duty; do one's duty &c. (be virtuous) 944. be on one's good behavior, mind one's P's and Q's. Adj. obligatory, binding; imperative, peremptory; stringent &c. (severe) 739; behooving &c. v.; incumbent on, chargeable on; under obligation; obliged by, bound by, tied by; saddled with. due to, beholden to, bound to, indebted to; tied down; compromised &c. (promised) 768; in duty bound. amenable, liable, accountable, responsible, answerable. right, meet &c. (due) 924; moral, ethical, casuistical, conscientious, ethological. Adv. with a safe conscience, as in duty, bound, on one's own responsibility, at one's own risk, suo periculo[Lat]; in foro conscientiae[Lat]; quamdiu se bene gesserit[Lat]. Phr. dura lex sed lex[Lat]; dulce et decorum est pro patria mori[Lat]; honos habet onus[Lat]; leve fit quod bene fertur onus [Lat][Ovid]; loyaute m'oblige[Fr]; "simple duty bath no place for fear" [Whittier]; "stern daughter of the voice of God" [Wordsworth]; "there is a higher law than the Constitution" [Wm. Seward].

#927. Dereliction of Duty. — N. dereliction of duty; fault &c. (guilt) 947; sin &c. (vice) 945; non-observance, non-performance; neglect, relaxation, infraction, violation, transgression, failure, evasion; dead letter. V. violate; break, break through; infringe; set aside, set at naught; encroach upon, trench upon; trample on, trample under foot; slight, neglect, evade, renounce, forswear, repudiate; wash one's hands of; escape, transgress, fail. call to account &c. (disapprobation) 932.

#927a. Exemption. — N. exemption, freedom, irresponsibility, immunity, liberty, license, release, exoneration, excuse, dispensation, absolution, franchise, renunciation, discharge; exculpation &c. 970. V. be exempt &c. adj. exempt, release, acquit, discharge, quitclaim, remise, remit; free, set at liberty, let off, pass over, spare, excuse, dispense with, give dispensation, license; stretch a point; absolve &c. (forgive) 918; exonerate &c. (exculpate) 970; save the necessity. Adj. exempt, free, immune, at liberty, scot-free; released &c. v.; unbound, unencumbered; irresponsible, unaccountable, not answerable; excusable. Phr. bonis nocet quisquis pepercerit malis [Lat][Syrus].



% 2. Moral Sentiments %

#928. Respect. — N. respect, regard, consideration; courtesy &c. 894; attention, deference, reverence, honor, esteem, estimation, veneration, admiration; approbation &c. 931. homage, fealty, obeisance, genuflection, kneeling prostration; obsequiousness &c. 886; salaam, kowtow, bow, presenting arms, salute. respects, regards, duty, devoirs, egards. devotion &c. (piety) 987. V. respect, regard; revere, reverence; hold in reverence, honor, venerate, hallow; esteem &c. (approve of) 931; think much of; entertain respect for, bear respect for; look up to, defer to; have a high opinion of, hold a high opinion of; pay attention, pay respect &c. n. to; do honor to, render honor to; do the honors, hail; show courtesy &c. 894; salute, present arms; do homage to, pay homage to; pay tribute to, kneel to, bow to, bend the knee to; fall down before, prostrate oneself, kiss the hem of one's garment; worship &c. 990. keep one's distance, make room, observe due decorum, stand upon ceremony. command respect, inspire respect; awe, inspire awe, impose, overawe, dazzle. Adj. respecting &c.v.; respectful, deferential, decorous, reverential, obsequious, ceremonious, bareheaded, cap in hand, on one's knees; prostrate &c. (servile) 886. respected &c.v.; in high esteem, in high estimation; time-honored, venerable, emeritus. Adv. in deference to; with all respect, with all due respect, with due respect, with the highest respect; with submission. saving your grace, saving your presence; salva sit reverentia[Lat]; pace tanti nominis[Lat]. Int. hail! all hail! esto perpetua[Lat]! may your shadow never be less! Phr. "and pluck up drowned honor by the locks" [Henry IV]; "his honor rooted in dishonor stood" [Tennyson]; "honor pricks me on" [Henry IV].

#929. Disrespect. N. disrespect, disesteem, disestimation[obs3]; disparagement &c. (dispraise) 932, (detraction) 934. irreverence; slight, neglect, spretae injuria formae [Lat][Vergil], superciliousness &c. (contempt) 930. vilipendency , vilification, contumely, affront, dishonor, insult, indignity, outrage, discourtesy &c. 895; practical joking; scurrility, scoffing, sibilance, hissing, sibilation; irrision[obs3]; derision; mockery; irony &c. (ridicule) 856; sarcasm. hiss, hoot, boo, gibe, flout, jeer, scoff, gleek , taunt, sneer, quip, fling, wipe, slap in the face. V. hold in disrespect &c. (despise) 930; misprize, disregard, slight, trifle with, set at naught, pass by, push aside, overlook, turn one's back upon, laugh in one's sleeve; be disrespectful &c. adj., be discourteous &c. 895; treat with disrespect &c.n.; set down, put down, browbeat. dishonor, desecrate; insult, affront, outrage. speak slightingly of; disparage &c. (dispraise) 932; vilipend[obs3], vilify, call names; throw dirt, fling dirt; drag through the mud, point at, indulge in personalities; make mouths, make faces; bite the thumb; take by the beard; pluck by the beard; toss in a blanket, tar and feather. have in derision; hold in derision; deride, scoff, barrack, sneer, laugh at, snigger, ridicule, gibe, mock, jeer, hiss, hoot, taunt, twit, niggle[obs3], gleek !, gird, flout, fleer[obs3]; roast, turn into ridicule; burlesque &c. 856; laugh to scorn &c. (contempt) 930; smoke; fool; make game of, make a fool of, make an April fool of[obs3]; play a practical joke; lead one a dance, run the rig upon, have a fling at, scout; mob. Adj. disrespectful; aweless, irreverent; disparaging &c. 934; insulting &c.v.; supercilious, contemptuous, patronizing &c. (scornful) 930; rude, derisive, sarcastic; scurrile, scurrilous; contumelious. unrespected[obs3], unworshiped[obs3], unenvied[obs3], unsaluted[obs3]; unregarded[obs3], disregarded. Adv. disrespectfully &c. adj.



#930. Contempt. N. contempt, disdain, scorn, sovereign contempt; despisal[obs3], despiciency[obs3]; despisement[obs3]; vilipendency !, contumely; slight, sneer, spurn, by-word; despect[obs3]. contemptuousness &c. adj.; scornful eye; smile of contempt; derision &c. (disrespect) 929. despisedness[obs3][State of being despised]. V. despise, contemn, scorn, disdain, feel contempt for, view with a scornful eye; disregard, slight, not mind; pass by &c. (neglect) 460. look down upon; hold cheap, hold in contempt, hold in disrespect; think nothing of, think small beer of; make light of; underestimate &c. 483; esteem slightly, esteem of small or no account; take no account of, care nothing for; set no store by; not care a straw, sneeze at &c. (unimportance) 643; set at naught, laugh in one's sleeve, laugh up one's sleeve, snap one's fingers at, shrug one's shoulders, turn up one's nose at, pooh-pooh, "damn with faint praise" [Pope]; whistle at, sneer at; curl up one's lip, toss the head, traiter de haut enbas[Fr]; laugh at &c. (be disrespectful) 929. point the finger of scorn, hold up to scorn, laugh to scorn; scout, hoot, flout, hiss, scoff at. turn one's back upon, turn a cold shoulder upon; tread upon, trample upon, trample under foot; spurn, kick; fling to the winds &c. (repudiate) 610; send away with a flea in the ear. Adj. contemptuous; disdainful, scornful; withering, contumelious, supercilious, cynical, haughty, bumptious, cavalier; derisive. contemptible, despicable; pitiable; pitiful &c. (unimportant) 643; despised &c.v.; downtrodden; unenvied[obs3]. unrespectable (unworthy) 874. Adv. contemptuously &c. adj. Int. a fig for &c. (unimportant) 643; bah! never mind! away with! hang it! fiddlededee! Phr. "a dismal universal hiss, the sound of public scorn" [Paradise Lost]; "I had rather be a dog and bay the moon than such a Roman" [Julius Caesar].



#931. Approbation. — N. approbation; approval, approvement[obs3]; sanction, advocacy; nod of approbation; esteem, estimation, good opinion, golden opinions, admiration; love &c. 897; appreciation, regard, account, popularity, , credit; repute &c. 873; best seller. commendation, praise; laud, laudation; good word; meed of praise, tribute of praise; encomium; eulogy, eulogium[obs3]; eloge[Fr], panegyric; homage, hero worship; benediction, blessing, benison. applause, plaudit, clap; clapping, clapping of hands; acclaim, acclamation; cheer; paean, hosannah; shout of applause, peal of applause, chorus of applause, chorus of praise &c.; Prytaneum. V. approve; approbate[obs3][1], think good, think much of, think well of, think highly of; esteem, value, prize; set great store by, set great store on. do justice to, appreciate; honor, hold in esteem, look up to, admire; like &c. 897; be in favor of, wish Godspeed; hail, hail with satisfaction. stand up for, stick up for; uphold, hold up, countenance, sanction; clap on the back, pat on the back; keep in countenance, indorse; give credit, recommend; mark with a white mark, mark with a stone. commend, belaud[obs3], praise, laud, compliment; pay a tribute, bepraise[obs3]; clap the hands; applaud, cheer, acclamate[obs3], encore; panegyrize[obs3], eulogize, cry up, proner[Fr], puff; extol, extol to the skies; magnify, glorify, exalt, swell, make much of; flatter &c. 933; bless, give a blessing to; have a good word for, say a good word for; speak well of, speak highly of, speak in high terms of; sing the praises of, sound the praises of, chaunt the praises of; resound the praises of; sing praises to; cheer to the echo, applaud to the echo, applaud to the very echo, cheer to the very echo. redound to the honor, redound to the praise, redound to the credit of; do credit to; deserve praise &c.n.; recommend itself; pass muster. be praised &c.; receive honorable mention; be in favor with, be in high favor with; ring with the praises of, win golden opinions, gain credit, find favor with, stand well in the opinion of; laudari a laudato viro[Lat]. Adj. approving &c.v.; in favor of; lost in admiration. commendatory, complimentary, benedictory[obs3], laudatory, panegyrical, eulogistic, encomiastic, lavish of praise, uncritical. approved, praised &c.v.; uncensured, unimpeached; popular, in good odor; in high esteem &c. (respected) 928; in favor, in high favor. deserving of praise, worthy of praise &c.n.; praiseworthy, commendable, of estimation; good &c. 648; meritorious, estimable, creditable, plausible, unimpeachable; beyond all praise. Adv. with credit, to admiration; well &c. 618; with three times three. Int. hear hear! bully for you! * well done! bravo! bravissimo! euge[Ger]! macte virtute[Lat]! so far so good, that's right, quite right; optime[obs3]! one cheer more; may your shadow never be less! esto perpetua[Lat]! long life to! viva! enviva[obs3]! Godspeed! valete et plaudite[Lat]! encore! bis[obs3]! Phr. probatum est[Lat]; tacent satis laudant[Lat]; "servant of God, well done!" [Paradise Lost].



[note 1][Obsolete in England except in legal writings, but surviving in the United States chiefly in a technical sense for license. C.O.S.M.].

#932. Disapprobation. N. disapprobation, disapproval; improbation[obs3]; disesteem, disvaluation[obs3], displacency[obs3]; odium; dislike &c. 867. dispraise, discommendation[obs3]; blame, censure, obloquy; detraction &c. 934; disparagement, depreciation; denunciation; condemnation &c. 971; ostracism; black list. animadversion, reflection, stricture, objection, exception, criticism; sardonic grin, sardonic laugh; sarcasm, insinuation, innuendo; bad compliment, poor compliment, left-handed compliment. satire; sneer &c. (contempt) 930; taunt &c. (disrespect) 929; cavil, carping, censoriousness; hypercriticism &c. (fastidiousness) 868. reprehension, remonstrance, expostulation, reproof, reprobation, admonition, increpation[obs3], reproach; rebuke, reprimand, castigation, jobation[obs3], lecture, curtain lecture, blow up, wigging, dressing, rating, scolding, trimming; correction, set down, rap on the knuckles, coup de bec[Fr], rebuff; slap, slap on the face; home thrust, hit; frown, scowl, black look. diatribe; jeremiad, jeremiade; tirade, philippic. clamor, outcry, hue and cry; hiss, hissing; sibilance, sibilation, catcall; execration &c. 908. chiding, upbraiding &c.v.; exprobation[obs3], abuse, vituperation, invective, objurgation, contumely; hard words, cutting words, bitter words. evil-speaking; bad language &c. 908; personality. V. disapprove; dislike &c. 867; lament &c. 839; object to, take exception to; be scandalized at, think ill of; view with disfavor, view with dark eyes, view with jaundiced eyes; nil admirari[Lat], disvalue[obs3]; improbate[obs3]. frown upon, look grave; bend the brows, knit the brows; shake the head at, shrug the shoulders; turn up the nose &c. (contempt) 930; look askance, look black upon; look with an evil eye; make a wry face, make a wry mouth at; set one's face against. dispraise, discommend[obs3], disparage; deprecate, speak ill of, not speak well of; condemn &c. (find guilty) 971. blame; lay blame upon, cast blame upon; censure, fronder[Fr], reproach, pass censure on, reprobate, impugn. remonstrate, expostulate, recriminate. reprehend, chide, admonish; berate, betongue[obs3]; bring to account, call to account, call over the coals, rake over the coals, call to order; take to task, reprove, lecture, bring to book; read a lesson, read a lecture to; rebuke, correct. reprimand, chastise, castigate, lash, blow up, trounce, trim, laver la tete[Fr], overhaul; give it one, give it one finely; gibbet. accuse &c. 938; impeach, denounce; hold up to reprobation, hold up to execration; expose, brand, gibbet, stigmatize; show up, pull up, take up; cry "shame" upon; be outspoken; raise a hue and cry against. execrate &c. 908; exprobate[obs3], speak daggers, vituperate; abuse, abuse like a pickpocket; scold, rate, objurgate, upbraid, fall foul of; jaw; rail, rail at, rail in good set terms; bark at; anathematize, call names; call by hard names, call by ugly names; avile , revile; vilify, vilipend[obs3]; bespatter; backbite; clapperclaw[obs3]; rave against, thunder against, fulminate against; load with reproaches. exclaim against, protest against, inveigh against, declaim against, cry out against, raise one's voice against. decry; cry down, run down, frown down; clamor, hiss, hoot, mob, ostracize, blacklist; draw up a round robin, sign a round robin. animadvert upon, reflect upon; glance at; cast reflection, cast reproach, cast a slur upon; insinuate, damn with faint praise; "hint a fault and hesitate dislike"; not to be able to say much for. scoff at, point at; twit, taunt &c. (disrespect) 929; sneer at &c. (despise) 230; satirize, lampoon; defame &c. (detract) 934; depreciate, find fault with, criticize, cut up; pull to pieces, pick to pieces; take exception; cavil; peck at, nibble at, carp at; be censorious &c. adj.; pick holes, pick a hole, pick a hole in one's coat; make a fuss about. take down, take down a peg, set down; snub, snap one up, give a rap on the knuckles; throw a stone at, throw a stone in one's garden; have a fling, have a snap at; have words with, pluck a crow with; give one a wipe, give one a lick with the rough side of the tongue. incur blame, excite disapprobation, scandalize, shock, revolt; get a bad name, forfeit one's good opinion, be under a cloud, come under the ferule, bring a hornet's nest about one's ears. take blame, stand corrected; have to answer for. Adj. disapproving &c.v.; scandalized. disparaging, condemnatory, damnatory[obs3], denunciatory, reproachful, abusive, objurgatory[obs3], clamorous, vituperative; defamatory &c. 934. satirical, sarcastic, sardonic, cynical, dry, sharp, cutting, biting, severe, withering, trenchant, hard upon; censorious, critical, captious, carping, hypercritical; fastidious &c. 868; sparing of praise, grudging praise. disapproved, chid &c.v.; in bad odor, blown upon, unapproved; unblest[obs3]; at a discount, exploded; weighed in the balance and found wanting. blameworthy, reprehensible &c. (guilt) 947; to blame, worthy of blame; answerable, uncommendable, exceptionable, not to be thought of; bad &c. 649; vicious &c. 945. unlamented, unbewailed[obs3], unpitied[obs3]. Adv. with a wry face; reproachfully &c. adj. Int. it is too bad! it won't do, it will never do! marry come up! Oh! come! 'sdeath! forbid it Heaven! God forbid, Heaven forbid! out upon, fie upon it! away with! tut! O tempora[obs3]! O mores! shame! fie, fie for shame! out on you! tell it not in Gath!



#933. Flattery. — N. flattery, adulation, gloze; blandishment, blandiloquence[obs3]; cajolery; fawning, wheedling &c.v.; captation[obs3], coquetry, obsequiousness, sycophancy, flunkeyism[obs3], toadeating[obs3], tuft-hunting; snobbishness. incense, honeyed words, flummery; bunkum, buncombe; blarney, placebo, butter; soft soap, soft sawder[obs3]; rose water. voice of the charmer, mouth honor; lip homage; euphemism; unctuousness &c. adj. V. flatter, praise to the skies, puff; wheedle, cajole, glaver[obs3], coax; fawn upon, faun upon; humor, gloze, soothe, pet, coquet, slaver, butter; jolly [U.S.]; bespatter, beslubber[obs3], beplaster[obs3], beslaver[obs3]; lay it on thick, overpraise; earwig, cog, collogue[obs3]; truckle to, pander to, pandar to[obs3], suck up to, kiss the ass of [vulgar], pay court to; court; creep into the good graces of, curry favor with, hang on the sleeve of; fool to the top of one's bent; lick the dust. lay the flattering unction to one's soul, gild the pill, make things pleasant. overestimate &c. 482; exaggerate &c. 549. Adj. flattering &c.v.; adulatory; mealy-mouthed, honey-mouthed; honeyed; smooth, smooth-tongued; soapy, oily, unctuous, blandiloquent[obs3], specious; fine-spoken, fair spoken; plausible, servile, sycophantic, fulsome; courtierly[obs3], courtier-like. Adv. ad captandum[Lat].

#934. Detraction. N. detraction, disparagement, depreciation, vilification, obloquy, scurrility, scandal, defamation, aspersion, traducement, slander, calumny, obtrectation[obs3], evil-speaking, backbiting, scandalum magnatum[Lat]. personality, libel, lampoon, skit, pasquinade; chronique scandaleuse[Fr]; roorback [U.S.]. sarcasm, cynicism; criticism (disapprobation) 932; invective &c. 932; envenomed tongue; spretae injuria formae[Lat]. personality, libel, lampoon, skit, pasquinade; chronique scandaleuse[Fr]; roorback [U.S.]. detractor &c. 936. V. detract, derogate, decry, deprecate, depreciate, disparage; run down, cry down; backcap [obs3][U.S.]; belittle; sneer at &c. (contemn) 930; criticize, pull to pieces, pick a hole in one's coat, asperse, cast aspersions, blow upon, bespatter, blacken, vilify, vilipend[obs3]; avile ; give a dog a bad name, brand, malign; muckrake; backbite, libel, lampoon, traduce, slander, defame, calumniate, bear false witness against; speak ill of behind one's back. fling dirt &c. (disrespect) 929; anathematize &c. 932; dip the pen in gall, view in a bad light. impugn[disparage the motives of]; assail, attack &c. 716; oppose &c. 708; denounce, accuse &c. 938. Adj. detracting &c.v.; defamatory, detractory[obs3], derogatory, deprecatory; catty; disparaging, libelous; scurrile, scurrilous; abusive; foul-spoken, foul-tongued, foul-mouthed; slanderous; calumnious, calumniatory[obs3]; sarcastic, sardonic; sarcastic, satirical, cynical. critical &c. 932. Phr. "damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer; and without sneering, teach the rest to sneer" [Pope]; another lie nailed to the counter; "cut men's throats with whisperings" [B. Jonson]; "foul whisperings are abroad" "soft-buzzing slander" [Macbeth][Thomson]; "virtue itself 'scapes not calumnious strokes" [Hamlet].



#935. Flatterer. — N. flatterer, adulator; eulogist, euphemist; optimist, encomiast, laudator[Lat], whitewasher. toady, toadeater[obs3]; sycophant, courtier, Sir Pertinax MacSycophant; flaneur[Fr], proneur[Fr]; puffer, touter[obs3], claqueur[Fr]; clawback[obs3], earwig, doer of dirty work; parasite, hanger-on &c. (servility) 886. yes-man, suckup, ass-kisser [vulgar], brown-noser [vulgar], teacher's pet. Phr. pessimum genus inimicorum laudantes [Lat][Tacitus].

#936. Detractor. — N. detractor, reprover; censor, censurer; cynic, critic, caviler, carper, word-catcher, frondeur; barracker[obs3]. defamer, backbiter, slanderer, Sir Benjamin Backbite, lampooner, satirist, traducer, libeler, calumniator, dawplucker[obs3], Thersites[obs3]; Zoilus; good-natured friend [satirically]; reviler, vituperator, castigator; shrew &c. 901; muckraker. disapprover, laudator temporis acti [Lat][Horace]. Adj. black-mouthed, abusive &c. 934.

<— vindication and advocacy together?? —>

#937. Vindication. — N. vindication, justification, warrant; exoneration, exculpation; acquittal &c. 970; whitewashing. extenuation; palliation, palliative; softening, mitigation. reply, defense; recrimination &c 938. apology, gloss, varnish; plea &c. 617; salvo; excuse, extenuating circumstances; allowance, allowance to be made; locus paenitentiae[Lat]. apologist, vindicator, justifier; defendant &c. 938. justifiable charge, true bill. v. justify, warrant; be an excuse &c. n.for; lend a color, furnish a handle; vindicate; exculpate, disculpate[obs3]; acquit &c. 970; clear, set right, exonerate, whitewash; clear the skirts of. extenuate, palliate, excuse, soften, apologize, varnish, slur, gloze; put a gloss, put a good face upon; mince; gloss over, bolster up, help a lame dog over a stile. advocate, defend, plead one's cause; stand up for, stick up for, speak up for; contend for, speak for; bear out, keep in countenance, support; plead &c, 617; say in defense; plead ignorance; confess and avoid, propugn[obs3], put in a good word for. take the will for the deed, make allowance for, give credit for, do justice to; give one his due, give the Devil his due. make good; prove the truth of, prove one's case; be justified by the event. Adj. vindicated, vindicating &c v.; exculpatory; apologetic. excusable, defensible, pardonable; venial, veniable[obs3]; specious, plausible, justifiable. Phr. "honi sot qui mal y pense"; "good wine needs no bush."

#938. Accusation. — N. accusation, charge, imputation, slur, inculpation, exprobration[obs3], delation; crimination; incrimination, accrimination[obs3], recrimination; tu quoque argument[Lat]; invective &c. 932. denunciation, denouncement; libel, challenge, citation, arraignment; impeachment, appeachment[obs3]; indictment, bill of indictment, true bill; lawsuit &c. 969; condemnation &c. 971. gravamen of a charge, head and front of one's offending, argumentum ad hominem[Lat]; scandal &c. (detraction) 934; scandalum magnatum[Lat]. accuser, prosecutor, plaintiff; relator, informer; appellant. accused, defendant, prisoner, perpetrator, panel, respondent; litigant. V. accuse, charge, tax, impute, twit, taunt with, reproach. brand with reproach; stigmatize, slur; cast a stone at, cast a slur on; incriminate, criminate; inculpate, implicate; call to account &c. (censure) 932; take to blame, take to task; put in the black book. inform against, indict, denounce, arraign; impeach, appeach[obs3]; have up, show up, pull up; challenge, cite, lodge a complaint; prosecute, bring an action against &c. 969; blow upon. charge with, saddle with; lay to one's door, lay charge; lay the blame on, bring home to; cast in one's teeth, throw in one's teeth; cast the first stone at. have a rod in pickle for, keep a rod in pickle for; have a crow to pluck with. trump up a charge. Adj. accusing &c.v.; accusatory, accusative; imputative, denunciatory; recriminatory, criminatory[obs3]. accused &c.v.; suspected; under suspicion, under a cloud, under surveillance; in custody, in detention; in the lockup, in the watch house, in the house of detention. accusable, imputable; indefensible, inexcusable; unpardonable, unjustifiable; vicious &c. 845. Int. look at home; tu quoque &c. (retaliation) 718[Lat]. Phr. "the breath of accusation kills an innocent name" [Shelley]; "thou can'st not say I did it" [Macbeth].

% 3. MORAL CONDITIONS %

#939. Probity. — N. probity, integrity, rectitude; uprightness &c. adj.; honesty, faith; honor; bonne foi[Fr], good faith, bona fides[Lat]; purity, clean hands. fairness &c. adj.; fair play, justice, equity, impartiality, principle, even-handedness; grace. constancy; faithfulness &c. adj.; fidelity, loyalty; incorruption, incorruptibility. trustworthiness &c. adj.; truth, candor, singleness of heart; veracity &c. 543; tender conscience &c. (sense of duty) 926. punctilio, delicacy, nicety; scrupulosity, scrupulousness &c. adj.; scruple; point, point of honor; punctuality. dignity &c, (repute) 873; respectability, respectableness &c. adj; gentilhomme[Fr], gentleman; man of honor, man of his word; fidus Achates[Lat][obs3], preux chevalier[Fr], galantuomo[It]; truepenny[obs3], trump, brick; true Briton; white man * [U.S.]. court of honor, a fair field and no favor; argumentum ad verecundiam[Lat]. V. be honorable &c. adj.; deal honorably, deal squarely, deal impartially, deal fairly; speak the truth &c. (veracity) 543; draw a straight furrow; tell the truth and shame the Devil, vitam impendere vero[Lat]; show a proper spirit, make a point of; do one's duty &c. (virtue) 944. redeem one's pledge &c. 926; keep one's promise, be as good as one's promise, be as good as one's word; keep faith with, not fail. give and take, audire alteram partem[Lat], give the Devil his due, put the saddle on the right horse. redound to one's honor. Adj. upright; honest, honest as daylight; veracious &c. 543; virtuous &c. 944; honorable; fair, right, just, equitable, impartial, evenhanded, square; fair and aboveboard, open and aboveboard; white * [U.S.]. constant, constant as the northern star; faithful, loyal, staunch; true, true blue, true to one's colors, true to the core, true as the needle to the pole; "marble-constant" [Antony and Cleopatra]; true-hearted, trusty, trustworthy; as good as one's word, to be depended on, incorruptible. straightforward &c. (ingenuous) 703; frank, candid, open-hearted. conscientious, tender-conscienced, right-minded; high-principled, high-minded; scrupulous, religious, strict; nice, punctilious, correct, punctual; respectable, reputable; gentlemanlike[obs3]. inviolable, inviolate; unviolated[obs3], unbroken, unbetrayed; unbought, unbribed[obs3]. innocent &c. 946; pure, stainless; unstained, untarnished, unsullied, untainted, unperjured[obs3]; uncorrupt, uncorrupted; undefiled, undepraved[obs3], undebauched[obs3]; integer vitae scelerisque purus [Lat][Horace]; justus et tenax propositi [Lat][Horace]. chivalrous, jealous of honor, sans peur et sans reproche[Fr]; high- spirited. supramundane[obs3], unworldly, other-worldly, overscrupulous[obs3]. Adv. honorable &c. adj.; bona fide; on the square, in good faith, honor bright, foro conscientiae[Lat], with clean hands. Phr. "a face untaught to feign" [Pope]; bene qui latuit bene vixit [Lat][Ovid]; mens sibi conscia recti[Lat]; probitas laudatur et alget [Lat][obs3][Juvenal]; fidelis ad urnam[Lat]; "his heart as far from fraud as heaven from earth" [Two Gentlemen]; loyaute m'oblige[Fr]; loyaute n'a honte[Fr]; "what stronger breastplate than a heart untainted?" [Henry VI].



#940. Improbity. N. improbity[obs3]; dishonesty, dishonor; deviation from rectitude; disgrace &c. (disrepute) 874; fraud &c. (deception) 545; lying &c. 544; bad faith, Punic faith; mala fides[Lat], Punica fides[Lat]; infidelity; faithlessness &c. adj.; Judas kiss, betrayal. breach of promise, breach of trust, breach of faith; prodition , disloyalty, treason, high treason; apostasy &c. (tergiversation) 607; nonobservance &c. 773. shabbiness &c. adj.; villainy, villany[obs3]; baseness &c. adj.; abjection, debasement, turpitude, moral turpitude, laxity, trimming, shuffling. perfidy; perfidiousness &c. adj.; treachery, double dealing; unfairness &c. adj.; knavery, roguery, rascality, foul play; jobbing, jobbery; graft, bribery; venality, nepotism; corruption, job, shuffle, fishy transaction; barratry, sharp practice, heads I win tails you lose; mouth honor &c. (flattery) 933. V. be dishonest &c. adj.; play false; break one's word, break one's faith, break one's promise; jilt, betray, forswear; shuffle &c. (lie) 544; live by one's wits, sail near the wind. disgrace oneself, dishonor oneself, demean oneself; derogate, stoop, grovel, sneak, lose caste; sell oneself, go over to the enemy; seal one's infamy. Adj. dishonest, dishonorable; unconscientious, unscrupulous; fraudulent &c. 545; knavish; disgraceful &c. (disreputable) 974; wicked &c. 945. false-hearted, disingenuous; unfair, one-sided; double, double- hearted, double-tongued, double-faced; timeserving[obs3], crooked, tortuous,insidious, Machiavelian, dark, slippery; fishy; perfidious, treacherous, perjured. infamous, arrant, foul, base, vile, ignominious, blackguard. contemptible, unrespectable, abject, mean, shabby, little, paltry, dirty, scurvy, scabby, sneaking, groveling, scrubby, rascally, pettifogging; beneath one. low-minded, low-thoughted[obs3]; base-minded. undignified, indign ; unbecoming, unbeseeming[obs3], unbefitting; derogatory, degrading; infra dignitatem [Latin: beneath one's dignity]; ungentlemanly, ungentlemanlike; unknightly[obs3], unchivalric[obs3], unmanly, unhandsome; recreant, inglorious. corrupt, venal; debased, mongrel. faithless, of bad faith, false, unfaithful, disloyal; untrustworthy; trustless, trothless[obs3]; lost to shame, dead to honor; barratrous. Adv. dishonestly &c. adj.; mala fide[Lat], like a thief in the night, by crooked paths. Int. O tempora[obs3]! O mores! [Cicero]. Phr. corruptissima respublica plurimae leges [Lat][Tacitus].

#941. Knave. — N. knave, rogue; Scapin[obs3], rascal; Lazarillo de Tormes; bad man &c. 949; blackguard &c. 949; barrater[obs3], barrator[obs3]; shyster [U.S..]. traitor, betrayer, archtraitor[obs3], conspirator, Judas, Catiline; reptile, serpent, snake in the grass, wolf in sheep's clothing, sneak, Jerry Sneak, squealer*, tell-tale, mischief-maker; trimmer, fence-sitter, renegade &c. (tergiversation) 607; truant, recreant; sycophant &c. (servility) 886.

#942. Disinterestedness. — N. disinterestedness &c. adj.; generosity; liberality, liberalism; altruism; benevolence &c. 906; elevation, loftiness of purpose, exaltation, magnanimity; chivalry, chivalrous spirit; heroism, sublimity. self-denial, self-abnegation, self-sacrifice, self-immolation, self- control &c. (resolution) 604; stoicism, devotion, martyrdom, suttee. labor of love. V. be disinterested &c. adj.; make a sacrifice, lay one's head on the block; put oneself in the place of others, do as one would be done by, do unto others as we would men should do unto us. Adj. disinterested; unselfish; self-denying, self-sacrificing, self- devoted; generous. handsome, liberal, noble, broad-minded; noble-minded, high-minded; princely, great, high, elevated, lofty, exalted, spirited, stoical, magnanimous; great-hearted, large-hearted; chivalrous, heroic, sublime. unbought, unbribed[obs3]; uncorrupted &c. (upright) 939. Phr. non vobis solum[Lat].

#943. Selfishness. — N. selfishness &c. adj.; self-love, self- indulgence, self-worship, self-interest; egotism, egoism; amour propre[Fr],&c. (vanity) 880; nepotism. worldliness &c. adj.; world wisdom. illiberality; meanness &c. adj. time-pleaser, time-server; tuft-hunter, fortune-hunter; jobber, worldling; egotist, egoist, monopolist, nepotist; dog in the manger, charity that begins at home; canis in praesepi[Lat], "foes to nobleness," temporizer, trimmer. V. be selfish &c. adj.; please oneself, indulge oneself, coddle oneself; consult one's own wishes, consult one's own pleasure; look after one's own interest; feather one's nest; take care of number one, have an eye to the main chance, know on which side one's bread is buttered; give an inch and take an ell. Adj. selfish; self-seeking, self-indulgent, self-interested, self- centered; wrapped up in self, wrapt up in self[obs3], centered in self; egotistic, egotistical; egoistical[obs3]. illiberal, mean, ungenerous, narrow-minded; mercenary, venal; covetous &c. 819. unspiritual, earthly, earthly-minded; mundane; worldly, worldly- minded; worldly-wise; timeserving[obs3]. interested; alieni appetens sui profusus[Lat]. Adv. ungenerously &c. adj.; to gain some private ends, from interested motives. Phr. apres nous le deluge[Fr].



#944. Virtue. — N. virtue; virtuousness &c. adj.; morality; moral rectitude; integrity &c. (probity) 939; nobleness &c. 873. morals; ethics &c. (duty) 926; cardinal virtues. merit, worth, desert, excellence, credit; self-control &c. (resolution) 604; self-denial &c. (temperance) 953. well-doing; good actions, good behavior; discharge of duty, fulfillment of duty, performance of duty; well-spent life; innocence &c. 946. V. be virtuous &c. adj.; practice virtue &c.n.; do one's duty, fulfill one's duty, perform one's duty, discharge one's duty; redeem one's pledge, keep one's promise &c. 926; act well, act one's part; fight the good fight; acquit oneself well; command one's passions, master one's passions; keep in the right path. set an example, set a good example; be on one's good behavior, be on one's best behavior. Adj. virtuous, good; innocent &c. 946; meritorious, deserving, worthy, desertful[obs3], correct; dutiful, duteous; moral; right, righteous, right- minded; well-intentioned, creditable, laudable, commendable, praiseworthy; above all praise, beyond all praise; excellent, admirable; sterling, pure, noble; whole-souled[obs3]. exemplary; matchless, peerless; saintly, saint-like; heaven-born, angelic, seraphic, godlike. Adv. virtuously &c, adj.; e merito[Lat]. Phr. esse quam videri bonus malebat [Lat][Sallust]; Schonheit vergeht Tugend besteht[Ger]; "virtue the greatest of all monarchies" [Swift]; virtus laudatur et alget [Lat][obs3][Juvenal]; virtus vincit invidiam[Lat].

#945. Vice. N. vice; evil-doing, evil courses; wrongdoing; wickedness, viciousness &c. adj.; iniquity, peccability[obs3], demerit; sin, Adam !; old Adam[obs3], offending Adam[obs3]. immorality, impropriety, indecorum, scandal, laxity, looseness of morals; enphagy[obs3], dophagy[obs3], exophagy[obs3]; want of principle, want of ballast; obliquity, backsliding, infamy, demoralization, pravity[obs3], depravity, pollution; hardness of heart; brutality &c. (malevolence) 907; corruption &c. (debasement) 659; knavery &c. (improbity) 940[obs3]; profligacy; flagrancy, atrocity; cannibalism; lesbianism, Sadism. infirmity; weakness &c. adj.; weakness of the flesh, frailty, imperfection; error; weak side; foible; failing, failure; crying sin, besetting sin; defect, deficiency; cloven foot. lowest dregs of vice, sink of iniquity, Alsatian den[obs3]; gusto picaresco[It]. fault, crime; criminality &c. (guilt) 947. sinner &c. 949. [Resorts] brothel &c. 961; gambling house &c. 621; joint*, opium den, shooting gallery, crack house. V. be vicious &c. adj.; sin, commit sin, do amiss, err, transgress; misdemean oneself[obs3], forget oneself, misconduct oneself; misdo[obs3], misbehave; fall, lapse, slip, trip, offend, trespass; deviate from the line of duty, deviate from the path of virtue &c. 944; take a wrong course, go astray; hug a sin, hug a fault; sow one's wild oats. render vicious &c. adj.; demoralize, brutalize; corrupt &c. (degrade) 659. Adj. vicious[1]; sinful; sinning &c.v.; wicked, iniquitous, immoral, unrighteous, wrong, criminal; naughty, incorrect; unduteous[obs3], undutiful. unprincipled, lawless, disorderly, contra bonos mores[Lat], indecorous, unseemly, improper; dissolute, profligate, scampish; unworthy; worthless; desertless[obs3]; disgraceful, recreant; reprehensible, blameworthy, uncommendable; discreditable, disreputable; Sadistic. base, sinister, scurvy, foul, gross, vile, black, grave, facinorous , felonious, nefarious, shameful, scandalous, infamous, villainous, of a deep dye, heinous; flagrant, flagitious; atrocious, incarnate, accursed. Mephistophelian, satanic, diabolic, hellish, infernal, stygian, fiendlike[obs3], hell-born, demoniacal, devilish, fiendish. miscreated[obs3], misbegotten; demoralized, corrupt, depraved. evil-minded, evil-disposed; ill-conditioned; malevolent &c. 907; heartless, graceless, shameless, virtueless; abandoned, lost to virtue; unconscionable; sunk in iniquity, lost in iniquity, steeped in iniquity. incorrigible, irreclaimable, obdurate, reprobate, past praying for; culpable, reprehensible &c. (guilty) 947. unjustifiable; indefensible, inexcusable; inexpiable, unpardonable, irremissible[obs3]. weak, frail, lax, infirm, imperfect; indiscrete; demoralizing, degrading. Adv. wrong; sinfully &c. adj.; without excuse. Int. O tempora[obs3]! O mores! Phr. alitur vitium vivitque tegendo [Lat][obs3][Vergil]; genus est mortis male vivere [Lat][Ovid]; mala mens malus animus [Lat][Terence]; nemo repente fuit turpissimus[Lat]; "the trail of the serpent is over them all" [Moore]; "to sanction vice and hunt decorum down" [Bryon].

[Note 1 - Most of these adjectives are applicable both to the act and to the agent.].

#946. Innocence. — N. innocence; guiltlessness &c. adj.; incorruption, impeccability. clean hands, clear conscience, mens sibi conscia recti [Lat][Vergil]. innocent, lamb, dove. V. be innocent &c. adj; nil conscire sibi nulla pallescere culpa [Lat][Horace]. acquit &c. 970; exculpate &c. (vindicate) 937. Adj. innocent, not guilty; unguilty[obs3]; guiltless, faultless, sinless, stainless, bloodless, spotless; clear, immaculate; rectus in curia[Lat]; unspotted, unblemished, unerring; undefiled &c. 939; unhardened[obs3], Saturnian; Arcadian &c. (artless) 703[obs3]. inculpable, unculpable[obs3]; unblamed, unblamable[obs3]; blameless, unfallen[obs3], inerrable[obs3], above suspicion; irreproachable, irreprovable[obs3], irreprehensible[obs3]; unexceptionable, unobjectionable, unimpeachable; salvable[obs3]; venial &c. 937. harmless; inoffensive, innoxious[obs3], innocuous; dove-like, lamb- like; pure, harmless as doves; innocent as a lamb, innocent as the babe unborn; "more sinned against than sinning" [Lear]. virtuous &c. 944; unreproved[obs3], unimpeached, unreproached[obs3]. Adv. innocently &c. adj.; with clean hands; with a clear conscience, with a safe conscience. Phr. murus aeneus conscientia sana [Lat][obs3][Horace].

#947. Guilt. N. guilt, guiltiness; culpability; criminality, criminousness[obs3]; deviation from rectitude &c. (improbity) 940[obs3]; sinfulness &c. (vice) 945. misconduct, misbehavior, misdoing, misdeed; malpractice, fault, sin, error, transgression; dereliction, delinquency; indiscretion, lapse, slip, trip, faux pas[Fr], peccadillo; flaw, blot, omission; failing, failure; break, bad break ![U.S.], capital crime, delictum[Lat]. offense, trespass; misdemeanor, misfeasance, misprision; malefaction, malfeasance, malversation; crime, felony. enormity, atrocity, outrage; deadly sin, mortal sin; "deed without a name" [Macbeth]. corpus delicti. Adj. guilty, to blame, culpable, peccable[obs3], in fault, at fault, censurable, reprehensible, blameworthy, uncommendable, illaudable[obs3]; weighed in the balance and found wanting; exceptionable. Adv. in flagrante delicto[Lat]; red-handed, in the very act, with one's hand in the cookie jar. Phr. cui prodest scelus in fecit [Lat][Seneca]; culpam paena premit comes [Lat][Horace]; "O would the deed were good!" [Richard II]; "responsibility prevents crimes" se judice nemo nocens absolvitur [Lat][Burke;][Juvenal]; "so many laws argues so many sins" [Paradise Lost].

#948. Good Man. N. good man, honest man, worthy. good woman, perfect lady, Madonna. model, paragon &c. (perfection) 650; good example; hero, heroine, demigod, seraph, angel; innocent &c. 946; saint &c. (piety) 987; benefactor &c. 912; philanthropist &c. 910; Aristides[obs3]; noble liver !, pattern. brick*, trump*, gem, jewel, good fellow, prince, diamond in the rough, rough diamond, ugly duckling !. salt of the earth; one in ten thousand; one in a million; a gentleman and a scholar; pillar of society, pillar of the community, a man among men. Phr. si sic omnes[Lat]!

#949. Bad Man. N. bad man, wrongdoer, worker of iniquity; evildoer &c. 913; sinner; the wicked &c. 945; bad example. villain, rascal, scoundrel, miscreant, budmash[obs3], caitiff !; wretch, reptile, viper, serpent, cockatrice, basilisk, urchin; tiger !, monster; devil &c. (demon) 980; devil incarnate; demon in human shape, Nana Sahib; hellhound, hellcat; rakehell[obs3]. bad woman, jade, Jezebel. scamp, scapegrace, rip, runagate, ne'er-do-well, reprobate, scalawag, scallawag. rou[French], rake; Sadist; skeesicks*[obs3], skeezix* [obs3][U.S.]; limb; one who has sold himself to the devil, fallen angel, ame damnee[Fr], vaurien[obs3], mauvais sujet[Fr], loose fish, sad dog; rounder*; lost sheep, black sheep; castaway, recreant, defaulter; prodigal &c. 818. rough, rowdy, hooligan, tough, ugly customer, mean mother [coll.], ruffian, bully, meanie [jocular]; Jonathan Wild; hangman. incendiary, arsonist, fire bug [U.S.]. thief &c. 792; murderer, terrorist &c. 361. [person who violates the criminal law] culprit, delinquent, crook, hoodlum, hood, criminal, thug, malefactor, offender, perpetrator, perp [coll.]; disorderly person, misdemeanant[Law]; outlaw; scofflaw; vandal; felon[convicted criminal]; convict, prisoner, inmate, jail bird, ticket of leave man; multiple offender. blackguard, polisson[obs3], loafer, sneak; rapscallion, rascallion[obs3]; cullion[obs3], mean wretch, varlet, kern[obs3], ame-de- boue[Fr], drole[obs3]; cur, dog, hound !, whelp !, mongrel !; lown !, loon, runnion[obs3], outcast, vagabond; rogue &c. (knave) 941; ronian[obs3]; scum of the earth, riffraff; Arcades ambo[obs3]. Int. sirrah[obs3]! Phr. Acherontis pabulum[obs3]; gibier de potence[Fr].

#950. Penitence. N. penitence, contrition, compunction, repentance, remorse; regret &c. 833. self-reproach, self-reproof, self-accusation, self-condemnation, self- humiliation; stings of conscience, pangs of conscience, qualms of conscience, prickings of conscience[obs3], twinge of conscience, twitch of conscience, touch of conscience, voice of conscience; compunctious visitings of nature[obs3]. acknowledgment, confession &c. (disclosure) 529; apology &c. 952; recantation &c. 607; penance &c. 952; resipiscence !. awakened conscience, deathbed repentance, locus paenitentiae[Lat], stool of repentance, cuttystool[obs3]. penitent, repentant, Magdalen, prodigal son, "a sadder and a wiser man" [Coleridge]. V. repent, be sorry for; be penitent &c. adj.; rue; regret &c. 833; think better of; recant &c. 607; knock under &c. (submit) 725; plead guilty; sing miserere[Lat], sing de profundis[Lat]; cry peccavi; own oneself in the wrong; acknowledge, confess &c, (disclose) 529; humble oneself; beg pardon &c. (apologize) 952; turn over a new leaf, put on the new man, turn from sin; reclaim; repent in sackcloth and ashes &c, (do penance) 952; learn by experience. Adj. penitent; repenting &c.v.; repentant, contrite; conscience- smitten, conscience-stricken; self-accusing, self-convicted. penitential, penitentiary; reclaimed, reborn; not hardened; unhardened[obs3]. Adv. mea culpa. Phr. peccavi; erubuit[Lat]; salva res est [Lat][Terence]; Tu l'as voulu[Fr], Georges Dandin; "and wet his grave with my repentant tears" [Richard III].

#951. Impenitence. — N. impenitence, irrepentance[obs3], recusance[obs3]; lack of contrition. hardness of heart, seared conscience, induration, obduracy. V. be impenitent &c. adj.; steel the heart, harden the heart; die game, die and make no sign, die unshriven, die without benefit of clergy. Adj. impenitent, uncontrite, obdurate; hard, hardened; seared, recusant; unrepentant; relentless, remorseless, graceless, shriftless[obs3]. lost, incorrigible, irreclaimable. unreconstructed, unregenerate, unreformed; unrepented[obs3], unreclaimed[obs3], unatoned.



#952. Atonement. — N. atonement, reparation; compromise, composition; compensation &c. 30; quittance, quits; expiation, redemption, reclamation, conciliation, propitiation; indemnification, redress. amends, apology, amende honorable[obs3], satisfaction; peace offering, sin offering, burnt offering; scapegoat, sacrifice. penance, fasting, maceration, sackcloth and ashes, white sheet, shrift, flagellation, lustration[obs3]; purgation, purgatory. V. atone, atone for; expiate; propitiate; make amends, make good; reclaim, redeem, repair, ransom, absolve, purge, shrive, do penance, stand in a white sheet, repent in sackcloth and ashes, wear a hairshirt. set one's house in order, wipe off old scores, make matters up; pay the forfeit, pay the penalty. apologize, beg pardon, fair l'amende honorable[Fr], give satisfaction; come down on one's knees, fall down on one's knees, down on one's marrow bones.

% 4. MORAL PRACTICE %

#953. Temperance. N. temperance, moderation, sobriety, soberness. forbearance, abnegation; self-denial, self-restraint, self-control &c. (resolution) 604. frugality; vegetarianism, teetotalism, total abstinence; abstinence, abstemiousness; Encratism[obs3], prohibition; system of Pythagoras, system of Cornaro; Pythagorism, Stoicism. vegetarian; Pythagorean, gymnosophist[obs3]. teetotaler &c. 958; abstainer; designated driver; Encratite[obs3], fruitarian[obs3], hydropot !. V. be temperate &c. adj.; abstain, forbear, refrain, deny oneself, spare, swear off. know when one has had enough, know one's limit. take the pledge, go on the wagon. Adj. temperate, moderate, sober, frugal, sparing; abstemious, abstinent; within compass; measured &c. (sufficient) 639. on the wagon, on the water wagon. [re locations where alcoholic beverages are prohibited] dry. Pythagorean; vegetarian; teetotal. Phr. appetitus rationi obediant [Lat][Cicero]; l'abstenir pour jouir c'est l'epicurisme de la raison [Fr][Rousseau]; trahit sua quemque voluptas [Lat][Vergil].

#954. Intemperance. — N. intemperance; sensuality, animalism, carnality; tragalism[obs3]; pleasure; effeminacy, silkiness; luxury, luxuriousness; lap of pleasure, lap of luxury; free living. indulgence; high living, wild living, inabstinence[obs3], self- indulgence; voluptuousness &c. adj.; epicurism, epicureanism; sybaritism; drug habit. dissipation; licentiousness &c. adj.; debauchery; crapulence[obs3]. revels, revelry; debauch, carousal, jollification, drinking bout, wassail, saturnalia, orgies; excess, too much. Circean cup. [drugs of abuse: list] bhang, hashish, marijuana, pot [coll.], hemp [coll.], grass [coll.]; opium, cocaine, morphine, heroin; LSD[abbr], lysergic acid diethylamide[Chem][Chem]; phencyclidine, angel dust, PCP; barbiturates; amphetamines, speed [coll.]. V. be intemperate &c. adj.; indulge, exceed; live well, live high, live high on the fat of the land, live it up, live high on the hog; give a loose to indulgence &c. n.; wallow in voluptuousness &c. n.; plunge into dissipation. revel; rake, live hard, run riot, sow one's wild oats; slake one's appetite, slake one's thirst; swill; pamper. Adj. intemperate,inabstinent[obs3]; sensual, self-indulgent; voluptuous, luxurious, licentious, wild, dissolute, rakish, fast, debauched. brutish, crapulous[obs3], swinish, piggish. Paphian, Epicurean, Sybaritical; bred in the lap of luxury, nursed in the lap of luxury; indulged, pampered; full-fed, high-fed. Phr. "being full of supper and distempering draughts" [Othello].

#954a. Sensualist. — N. Sybarite, voluptuary, Sardanaphalus, man of pleasure, carpet knight; epicure, epicurean, gourmet, gourmand; pig, hog; votary of Epicurus, swine of Epicurus; sensualist; Heliogabalus; free liver, hard liver; libertine &c. 962; hedonist; tragalist[obs3].

#955. Asceticism. N. asceticism, puritanism, sabbatarianism[obs3]; cynicism !, austerity; total abstinence; nephalism[obs3]. mortification, maceration, sackcloth and ashes, flagellation; penance &c. 952; fasting &c. 956; martyrdom. ascetic; anchoret[obs3], anchorite; martyr; Heautontimorumenos[obs3]; hermit &c. (recluse) 893; puritan, sabbatarian[obs3], cynic, sanyasi[obs3], yogi. Adj. ascetic, austere, puritanical; cynical; over-religious; acerbic.



#956. Fasting. N. fasting; xerophagy[obs3]; famishment, starvation. fast, jour maigre[Fr]; fast day, banyan day; Lent, quadragesima[obs3]; Ramadan, Ramazan; spare diet, meager diet; lenten diet, lenten entertainment; soupe maigre[Fr], short commons, Barmecide feast[obs3]; short rations. V. fast, starve, clem , famish, perish with hunger; dine with Duke Humphrey[obs3]; make two bites of a cherry. Adj. lenten, quadragesimal[obs3]; unfed[obs3]; starved &c.v.; half- starved; fasting &c. v.; hungry &c. 865.

#957. Gluttony. — N. gluttony; greed, avarice; greediness &c. adj.; voracity. epicurism; good living, high living; edacity[obs3], gulosity[obs3], crapulence[obs3]; guttling[obs3], guzzling; pantophagy[obs3]. good cheer, blow out; feast &c. (food) 298; gastronomy, batterie de cuisine[Fr]. epicure, bon vivant, gourmand; glutton, cormorant, hog, belly god, Apicius[obs3], gastronome; gourmet &c. 954a, 868. v. gormandize, gorge; overgorge[obs3], overeat oneself; engorge, eat one's fill, cram, stuff; guttle[obs3], guzzle; bolt, devour, gobble up; gulp &c. (swallow food) 298; raven, eat out of house and home. have the stomach of an ostrich; play a good knife and fork &c. (appetite) 865. pamper. Adj. gluttonous, greedy; gormandizing &c.v.; edacious[obs3], omnivorous, crapulent[obs3], swinish. avaricious &c. 819; selfish &c. 918. pampered; overfed, overgorged[obs3]. Phr. jejunus raro stomachus vulgaria temnit [Lat][Horace].