#746. Servant.— N. subject, liegeman[obs3]; servant, retainer, follower, henchman, servitor, domestic, menial, help, lady help, employe, attache; official. retinue, suite, cortege, staff, court. attendant, squire, usher, page, donzel[obs3], footboy[obs3]; train bearer, cup bearer; waiter, lapster[obs3], butler, livery servant, lackey, footman, flunky, flunkey, valet, valet de chambre[Fr]; equerry, groom; jockey, hostler, ostler[obs3], tiger, orderly, messenger, cad, gillie[obs3], herdsman, swineherd; barkeeper, bartender; bell boy, boots, boy, counterjumper[obs3]; khansamah[obs3], khansaman[obs3]; khitmutgar[obs3]; yardman. bailiff, castellan[obs3], seneschal, chamberlain, major-domo[obs3], groom of the chambers. secretary; under secretary, assistant secretary; clerk; subsidiary; agent &c. 758; subaltern; underling, understrapper; man. maid, maidservant; handmaid; confidente[Fr], lady's maid, abigail, soubrette; amah[obs3], biddy, nurse, bonne[Fr], ayah[obs3]; nursemaid, nursery maid, house maid, parlor maid, waiting maid, chamber maid, kitchen maid, scullery maid; femme de chambre[Fr], femme fille[Fr]; camarista[obs3]; chef de cuisine,cordon bleu[Fr], cook, scullion, Cinderella; potwalloper[obs3]; maid of all work, servant of all work; laundress, bedmaker[obs3]; journeyman, charwoman &c. (worker) 690; bearer, chokra[obs3], gyp [Cambridge], hamal[obs3], scout [Oxford]. serf, vassal, slave, negro, helot; bondsman, bondswoman[obs3]; bondslave[obs3]; ame damnee[Fr], odalisque, ryot[obs3], adscriptus gleboe[Lat]; villian[obs3], villein; beadsman[obs3], bedesman[obs3]; sizar[obs3]; pensioner, pensionary[obs3]; client; dependant, dependent; hanger on, satellite; parasite &c. (servility) 886; led captain; protege[Fr], ward, hireling, mercenary, puppet, tool, creature. badge of slavery; bonds &c. 752. V. serve; wait upon, attend upon, dance attendance upon, pin oneself upon; squire, tend, hang on the sleeve of; chore [U.S.]. Adj. in the train of; in one's pay, in one's employ; at one's call &c. (obedient) 743; in bonds.

#747. [Insignia of authority.] Scepter.— N. scepter, regalia, caduceus; Mercury's rod, Mercury's staff, Mercury's wand; rod of empire, mace, fasces[obs3], wand; staff, staff of office; baton, truncheon; flag &c. (insignia) 550; ensign of authority, emblem of authority, badge of authority, insignia of authority. throne, chair, musnud[obs3], divan, dais, woolsack[obs3]. toga, pall, mantle, robes of state, ermine, purple. crown, coronet, diadem, tiara, cap of maintenance; decoration; title &c. 877; portfolio. key, signet, seals, talisman; helm; reins &c. (means of restraint) 752.



#748. Freedom.— N. freedom, liberty, independence; license &c. (permission) 760; facility &c. 705. scope, range, latitude, play; free play, full play, free scope, full scope; free stage and no favor; swing, full swing, elbowroom, margin, rope, wide berth; Liberty Hall. franchise, denization[obs3]; free man, freed man, livery man; denizen. autonomy, self-government, liberalism, free trade; noninterference &c. 706; Monroe Doctrine [U.S.]. immunity, exemption; emancipation &c. (liberation) 750; enfranchisement, affranchisement[obs3]. free land, freehold; allodium[obs3]; frankalmoigne[Fr], mortmain[Fr]. bushwhacker; freelance, free thinker, free trader; independent. V. be free &c. adj.; have scope &c. n., have the run of, have one's own way, have a will of one's own, have one's fling; do what one likes, do what one wishes, do what one pleases, do what one chooses; go at large, feel at home, paddle one's own canoe; stand on one's legs, stand on one's rights; shift for oneself. take a liberty; make free with, make oneself quite at home; use a freedom; take leave, take French leave. set free &c. (liberate) 750; give a loose to &c. (permit) 760; allow scope &c. n. to, give scope &c. n. to; give a horse his head. make free of; give the freedom of, give the franchise; enfranchise, affranchise[obs3]. laisser faire[Fr], laisser aller[Fr]; live and let live; leave to oneself; leave alone, let alone. Adj. free, free as air; out of harness, independent, at large, loose, scot-free; left alone, left to oneself. in full swing; uncaught, unconstrained, unbuttoned, unconfined, unrestrained, unchecked, unprevented[obs3], unhindered, unobstructed, unbound, uncontrolled, untrammeled. unsubject[obs3], ungoverned, unenslaved[obs3], unenthralled[obs3], unchained, unshackled, unfettered, unreined[obs3], unbridled, uncurbed, unmuzzled. unrestricted, unlimited, unmitigated, unconditional; absolute; discretionary &c. (optional) 600. unassailed, unforced, uncompelled. unbiassed[obs3], spontaneous. free and easy; at ease, at one's ease; degage[Fr], quite at home; wanton, rampant, irrepressible, unvanquished[obs3]. exempt; freed &c. 750; freeborn; autonomous, freehold, allodial[obs3]; gratis &c. 815; eleutherian[obs3]. unclaimed, going a begging. Adv. freely &c. adj.; ad libitum &c. (at will) 600. Phr. ubi libertas ibi patria[Lat]; free white and twenty-one.

#749. Subjection.— N. subjection; dependence, dependency; subordination; thrall, thralldom, thraldom, enthrallment, subjugation, bondage, serfdom; feudalism, feudality[obs3]; vassalage, villenage; slavery, enslavement, involuntary servitude; conquest. service; servitude, servitorship[obs3]; tendence[obs3], employ, tutelage, clientship[obs3]; liability &c. 177; constraint &c.751; oppression &c. (severity) 739; yoke &c. (means of restraint) 752; submission &c. 725; obedience &c. 743. V. be subject &c. adj.; be at the mercy of, lie at the mercy of; depend upon, lean upon, hang upon; fall a prey to, fall under; play second fiddle. be a mere machine, be a puppet, be a football; not dare to say one's soul is his own; drag a chain. serve &c. 746; obey &c. 743; submit &c. 725. break in, tame; subject, subjugate; master &c. 731; tread down, tread under foot; weigh down; drag at one's chariot wheels; reduce to subjection, reduce to slavery; enthrall, inthrall[obs3], bethrall[obs3]; enslave, lead captive; take into custody &c. (restrain) 751; rule &c. 737; drive into a corner, hold at the sword's point; keep under; hold in bondage, hold in leading strings, hold in swaddling clothes. Adj. subject, dependent, subordinate; feudal, feudatory; in subjection to, under control; in leading strings, in harness; subjected, enslaved &c. v.; constrained &c. 751; downtrodden; overborne, overwhelmed; under the lash, on the hip, led by the nose, henpecked; the puppet of, the sport of, the plaything of; under one's orders, under one's command, under one's thumb; a slave to; at the mercy of; in the power of, in the hands of, in the clutches of; at the feet of; at one's beck and call &c. (obedient) 743; liable &c. 177; parasitical; stipendiary. Adv. under. Phr. "slaves - in a land of light and law" [Whittier].



#750. Liberation.— N. liberation, disengagement, release, enlargement, emancipation; disenthrallment[obs3], disenthralment[obs3]; affranchisement[obs3], enfranchisement; manumission; discharge, dismissal. deliverance &c. 672; redemption, extrication, acquittance, absolution; acquittal &c. 970; escape &c.671. V. liberate, free; set free, set clear, set at liberty; render free, emancipate, release; enfranchise, affranchise[obs3]; manumit; enlarge; disband, discharge, disenthrall, disenthral, dismiss; let go, let loose, loose, let out, let slip; cast adrift, turn adrift; deliver &c. 672; absolve &c. (acquit) 970. unfetter &c. 751, untie &c. 43; loose &c. (disjoin) 44; loosen, relax; unbolt, unbar, unclose, uncork, unclog, unhand, unbind, unchain, unharness, unleash; disengage, disentangle; clear, extricate, unloose. gain one's liberty, obtain one's liberty, acquire one's liberty &c. 748; get rid of, get clear of; deliver oneself from; shake off the yoke, slip the collar; break loose, break prison; tear asunder one's bonds, cast off trammels; escape &c. 671. Adj. liberated &c. v.; out of harness &c. (free) 748. Int. unhand me! let me go!

#751. Restraint. N. restraint; hindrance &c. 706; coercion &c. (compulsion) 744; cohibition[obs3], constraint, repression, suppression; discipline, control. confinement; durance, duress; imprisonment; incarceration, coarctation , entombment, mancipation[obs3], durance vile, limbo, captivity; blockade. arrest, arrestation[obs3]; custody, keep, care, charge, ward, restringency[obs3]. curb &c. (means of restraint) 752; lettres de cachet[Fr]. limitation, restriction, protection, monopoly; prohibition &c. 761. prisoner &c. 754; repressionist[obs3]. V. restrain, check; put under restraint, lay under restraint; enthral, enthrall, inthral[obs3], inthrall[obs3], bethral[obs3], bethrall[obs3]; restrict; debar &c. (hinder) 706; constrain; coerce &c. (compel) 744; curb, control; hold back, hold from, hold in, hold in check, hold within bounds, keep back, keep from, keep in, keep in check, keep within bounds; hold in leash, hold in leading strings; withhold. keep under; repress, suppress; smother; pull in, rein in; hold, hold fast; keep a tight hand on; prohibit &c. 761; inhibit, cohibit[obs3]. enchain; fasten &c. (join) 43; fetter, shackle; entrammel[obs3]; bridle, muzzle, hopple[obs3], gag, pinion, manacle, handcuff, tie one's hands, hobble, bind hand and foot; swathe, swaddle; pin down, tether; picket; tie down, tie up; secure; forge fetters; disable, hamstring (incapacitate) 158. confine; shut up, shut in; clap up, lock up, box up, mew up, bottle up, cork up, seal up, button up; hem in, bolt in, wall in, rail in; impound, pen, coop; inclose &c. (circumscribe) 229; cage; incage[obs3], encage[obs3]; close the door upon, cloister; imprison, immure; incarcerate, entomb; clap under hatches, lay under hatches; put in irons, put in a strait-waistcoat; throw into prison, cast into prison; put into bilboes. arrest; take up, take charge of, take into custody; take prisoner, take captive, make prisoner, make captive; captivate; lead captive, lead into captivity; send to prison, commit to prison; commit; give in charge, give in custody; subjugate &c. 749. Adj. restrained, constrained; imprisoned &c.v.; pent up; jammed in, wedged in; under lock and key, under restraint, under hatches; in swaddling clothes; on parole; in custody, doing time &c. (prisoner) 754; cohibitive[obs3]; coactive &c. (compulsory) 744[obs3]. stiff, restringent[obs3], strait-laced, hidebound, barkbound[obs3]. ice bound, wind bound, weather bound; "cabined cribbed confined" [Macbeth]; in Lob's pound, laid by the heels.



#752. [Means of restraint.] Prison.— N. prison, prison house; jail, gaol, cage, coop, den, cell; stronghold, fortress, keep, donjon, dungeon, Bastille, oubliette, bridewell[obs3], house of correction, hulks, tollbooth, panopticon[obs3], penitentiary, guardroom, lockup, hold; round house, watch house, station house, sponging house; station; house of detention, black hole, pen, fold, pound; inclosure &c. 232; isolation (exclusion) 893; penal settlement, penal colony; bilboes, stocks, limbo, quod*[Lat]; calaboose, chauki[obs3], choky[obs3], thana[obs3]; workhouse [U.S.]. Newgate, Fleet, Marshalsea; King's (or Queen's) Bench. bond; bandage; irons, pinion, gyve, fetter, shackle, trammel, manacle, handcuff, straight jacket, strait jacket, strait-jacket, strait-waistcoat, hopples[obs3]; vice, vise. yoke, collar, halter, harness; muzzle, gag, bit, brake, curb, snaffle, bridle; rein, reins; bearing rein; martingale; leading string; tether, picket, band, guy, chain; cord &c. (fastening) 45; cavesson[obs3], hackamore [obs3][U.S.], headstall, jaquima [obs3][U.S.], lines, ribbons. bolt, deadbolt, bar, lock, police lock, combination lock, padlock, rail, wall, stone wall; paling, palisade; fence, picket fence, barbed wire fence, Cyclone fence, stockade fence, chain-link fence; barrier, barricade. drag &c. (hindrance) 706.

#753. Keeper.— N. keeper, custodian, custos[Lat], ranger, warder, jailer, gaoler, turnkey, castellan[obs3], guard; watchdog, watchman; Charley; chokidar[obs3], durwan[obs3], hayward[obs3]; sentry, sentinel; watch and ward; concierge, coast guard, guarda costa[Sp], game keeper. escort, bodyguard. protector, governor, duenna[Sp]; guardian; governess &c. (teacher) 540; nurse, nanny, babysitter, catsitter, dogsitter, bonne[Fr], ayah[obs3].

#754. Prisoner.— N. prisoner, prisoner of war, POW, captive, inmate, detainee, hostage, abductee[obs3], detenu[Fr], close prisoner. jail bird, ticket of leave man, chevronne[Fr]. V. stand committed; be imprisoned &c. 751. take prisoner, take hostage (capture) 789. Adj. imprisoned &c. 751; in prison, in quod*[Lat], in durance vile, in limbo, in custody, doing time, in charge, in chains; under lock and key, under hatches; on parole.

#755. [Vicarious authority.] Commission.— N. commission, delegation; consignment, assignment; procuration[obs3]; deputation, legation, mission, embassy; agency, agentship[obs3]; power of attorney; clerkship; surrogacy. errand, charge, brevet, diploma, exequatur[Lat], permit &c. (permission) 760. appointment, nomination, designation, return; charter; ordination; installation, inauguration, investiture, swearing-in; accession, coronation, enthronement. vicegerency; regency, regentship. viceroy &c. 745; consignee &c. 758; deputy &c. 759. [person who receives a commission] agent, delegate, consignee &c. 758. V. commission, delegate, depute; consign, assign; charge; intrust, entrust; commit, commit to the hands of; authorize &c. (permit) 760. put in commission, accredit, engage, hire, bespeak, appoint, name, nominate, return, ordain; install, induct, inaugurate, swear in, invest, crown; enroll, enlist; give power of attorney to. employ, empower; set over, place over; send out. be commissioned, be accredited; represent, stand for; stand in the stead of, stand in the place of, stand in the shoes of. Adj. commissioned &c. v. Adv. per procurationem[Lat].

#756. Abrogation. N. abrogation, annulment, nullification, recision; vacatur[Lat]; canceling &c. v.; cancel; revocation, revokement[obs3]; repeal, rescission, defeasance. dismissal, conge[Fr], demission ; bounce* [U.S.]; deposal, deposition; dethronement; disestablishment, disendowment[obs3]; deconsecration; sack*, walking papers, pink slip, walking ticket; yellow cover*. abolition, abolishment; dissolution. counter order, countermand; repudiation, retraction, retractation[obs3]; recantation &c. (tergiversation) 607; abolitionist. V. abrogate, annul, cancel; destroy &c. 162; abolish; revoke, repeal, rescind, reverse, retract, recall; abolitionize[obs3]; overrule, override; set aside; disannul, dissolve, quash, nullify, declare null and void; disestablish, disendow[obs3]; deconsecrate. disclaim &c. (deny) 536; ignore, repudiate; recant &c. 607; divest oneself, break off. countermand, counter order; do away with; sweep away, brush away; throw overboard, throw to the dogs; scatter to the winds, cast behind. dismiss, discard; cast off, turn off, cast out, cast adrift, cast out of doors, cast aside, cast away; send off, send away, send packing, send about one's business; discharge, get rid of &c. (eject) 297; bounce* [U.S.]; fire*, fire out*; sack*. cashier; break; oust; unseat, unsaddle; unthrone[obs3], dethrone, disenthrone[obs3]; depose, uncrown[obs3]; unfrock, strike off the roll; disbar, disbench[obs3]. be abrogated &c.; receive its quietus; walk the plank. Adj. abrogated &c. v.; functus officio[Lat]. Int. get along with you! begone! go about your business! away with!



#757. Resignation.— N. resignation, retirement, abdication, renunciation, abjuration; abandonment, relinquishment. V. resign; give up, throw up; lay down, throw up the cards, wash one's hands of, abjure, renounce, forego, disclaim, retract; deny &c. 536. abrogate &c. 756; desert &c. (relinquish) 624; get rid of &c. 782. abdicate; vacate, vacate one's seat; accept the stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds; retire; tender one's resignation. Adj. abdicant[obs3]. Phr. "Othello's occupation's gone" [Othello].

#758. Consignee.— N. consignee, trustee, nominee, committee. agent, delegate; commissary, commissioner; emissary, envoy, commissionaire[Fr]; messenger &c. 534. diplomatist, diplomat(e), corps diplomatique[Fr], embassy; ambassador, embassador[obs3]; representative, resident, consul, legate, nuncio, internuncio[obs3], charge d'affaires[Fr], attache. vicegerent &c. (deputy) 759; plenipotentiary. functionary, placeman[obs3], curator; treasurer &c. 801; factor, bailiff, clerk, secretary, attorney, advocate, solicitor, proctor, broker, underwriter, commission agent, auctioneer, one's man of business; factotum &c. (director) 694; caretaker; dalal[obs3], dubash[obs3], garnishee, gomashta[obs3]. negotiator, go-between; middleman; under agent, employe; servant &c. 746; referee, arbitrator &c.. (judge) 967. traveler, bagman, commis-voyageur[Fr], touter[obs3], commercial traveler, drummer [U.S.], traveling man. newspaper correspondent, own correspondent, special correspondent.

#759. Deputy.— N. deputy, substitute, vice, proxy, locum tenens, badli[obs3], delegate, representative, next friend, surrogate, secondary. regent, viceregent[obs3], vizier, minister, vicar; premier &c. (director) 694; chancellor, prefect, provost, warden, lieutenant, archon, consul, proconsul; viceroy &c. (governor) 745; commissioner &c. 758; Tsung- li Yamen, Wai Wu Pu; plenipotentiary, alter ego. team, eight, eleven; champion. V. be deputy &c. n.; stand for, appear for, hold a brief for, answer for; represent; stand in the shoes of, walk in the shoes of; stand in the stead of. ablegate[obs3], accredit. Adj. acting, vice, vice regal; accredited to. Adv. in behalf of.

% Section II. SPECIAL INTERSOCIAL VOLITION %

#760. Permission.— N. permission, leave; allowance, sufferance; tolerance, toleration; liberty, law, license, concession, grace; indulgence &c. (lenity) 740; favor, dispensation, exemption, release; connivance; vouchsafement[obs3]. authorization, warranty, accordance, admission. permit, warrant, brevet, precept, sanction, authority, firman; hukm[obs3]; pass, passport; furlough, license, carte blanche[Fr], ticket of leave; grant, charter; patent, letters patent. V. permit; give permission &c. n., give power; let, allow, admit; suffer, bear with, tolerate, recognize; concede &c. 762; accord, vouchsafe, favor, humor, gratify, indulge, stretch a point; wink at, connive at; shut one's eyes to. grant, empower, charter, enfranchise, privilege, confer a privilege, license, authorize, warrant; sanction; intrust &c. (commission) 755. give carte blanche[Fr], give the reins to, give scope to &c. (freedom) 748; leave alone, leave it to one, leave the door open; open the door to, open the flood gates; give a loose to. let off; absolve &c. (acquit) 970; release, exonerate, dispense with. ask permission, beg permission, request permission, ask leave, beg leave, request leave. Adj. permitting &c. v.; permissive, indulgent; permitted &c. v.; patent, chartered, permissible, allowable, lawful, legitimate, legal; legalized &c. (law) 963; licit; unforbid[obs3], unforbidden[obs3]; unconditional. Adv. by leave, with leave, on leave &c. n.; speciali gratia[It]; under favor of; pace; ad libitum &c. (freely) 748, (at will) 600; by all means &c. (willingly) 602; yes &c. (assent) 488. Phr. avec permissin[Fr]; brevet d'invention [Fr].

#761. Prohibition.— N. prohibition, inhibition; veto, disallowance; interdict, interdiction; injunction, estoppel[Law]; embargo, ban, taboo, proscription; index expurgatorius[Lat]; restriction &c. (restraint) 751; hindrance &c.706; forbidden fruit; Maine law [U.S.]. V. prohibit, inhibit; forbid, put one's veto upon, disallow, enjoin, ban, outlaw, taboo, proscribe, estop[Law]; bar; debar &c. (hinder) 706, forefend. keep in, keep within bounds; restrain &c. 751; cohibit[obs3], withhold, limit, circumscribe, clip the wings of, restrict; interdict, taboo; put under an interdiction, place under an interdiction; put under the ban, place under the ban; proscribe; exclude, shut out; shut the door, bolt the door, show the door; warn off; dash the cup from one's lips; forbid the banns. Adj. prohibitive, prohibitory; proscriptive; restrictive, exclusive; forbidding &c. v. prohibited &c. v.; not permitted &c. 760; unlicensed, contraband, impermissible, under the ban of; illegal &c. 964; unauthorized, not to be thought of, uncountenanced, unthinkable, beyond the pale. Adv. on no account &c. (no) 536. Int. forbid it heaven! &c. (deprecation) 766. hands off! keep off! hold! stop! desist! cease and desist! avast! Phr. that will never do; don't you dare; forget it; don't even think about doing it;"go ahead; make my day [ironical, threatening]" [Dirty Harry].

#762. Consent. N. consent; assent &c. 488; acquiescence; approval &c. 931; compliance, agreement, concession; yieldance , yieldingness[obs3]; accession, acknowledgment, acceptance, agnition . settlement, ratification, confirmation, adjustment. permit &c. (permission) 760; promise &c. 768. V. consent; assent &c. 488; yield assent, admit, allow, concede, grant, yield; come round, come over; give into, acknowledge, agnize[obs3], give consent, comply with, acquiesce, agree to, fall in with, accede, accept, embrace an offer, close with, take at one's word, have no objection. satisfy, meet one's wishes, settle, come to terms &c. 488; not refuse &c. 764; turn a willing ear &c. (willingness) 602; jump at; deign, vouchsafe; promise &c. 768. Adj. consenting &c. v.; squeezable; agreed &c. (assent) 488; unconditional. Adv. OK, yes &c. (assent) 488; by all means &c. (willingly) 602; no problem; if you please, as you please; be it so, so be it, well and good, of course; please do; don't hesitate. Phr. chi tace accousente[It][obs3].

#763. Offer.— N. offer, proffer, presentation, tender, bid, overture; proposal, proposition; motion, invitation; candidature; offering &c. (gift) 784. V. offer, proffer, present, tender; bid; propose, move; make a motion, make advances; start; invite, hold out, place in one's way, put forward. hawk about; offer for sale &c. 796; press &c. (request) 765; lay at one's feet. offer oneself, present oneself; volunteer, come forward, be a candidate; stand for, bid for; seek; be at one's service; go a begging; bribe &c. (give) 784. Adj. offering, offered &c. v.; in the market, for sale, to let, disengaged, on hire.



#764. Refusal. N. refusal, rejection; noncompliance, incompliance[obs3]; denial; declining &c. v.; declension; declinature[obs3]; peremptory refusal, flat refusal, point blank refusal; repulse, rebuff; discountenance. recusancy, abnegation, protest, disclaimer; dissent &c. 489; revocation &c. 756. V. refuse, reject, deny, decline, turn down; nill, negative; refuse one's assent, withhold one's assent; shake the head; close the hand, close the purse; grudge, begrudge, be slow to, hang fire; pass [at cards]. be deaf to; dismiss, turn a deaf ear to, turn one's back upon; set one's face against, discountenance, not hear of, have nothing to do with, wash one's hands of, stand aloof, forswear, set aside, cast behind one; not yield an inch &c. (obstinacy) 606. resist, cross; not grant &c. 762; repel, repulse, shut the door in one's face, slam the door in one's face; rebuff; send back, send to the right about, send away with a flea in the ear; deny oneself, not be at home to; discard, spurn, &c. (repudiate) 610; rescind &c. (revoke) 756; disclaim, protest; dissent &c. 489. Adj. refusing &c. v.; restive, restiff ; recusant; uncomplying, unconsenting; not willing to hear of, deaf to. refused &c. v.; ungranted, out of the question, not to be thought of, impossible. Adv. no &c. 536; on no account, not for the world; no thank you, thanks but no thanks. Phr. non possumus[Lat]; your humble servant[ironically]; bien oblige[Fr]; not on your life [U.S.]; no way; not even if you beg on your knees.

#765. Request.— N. request, requisition; claim &c. (demand) 741; petition, suit, prayer; begging letter, round robin. motion, overture, application, canvass, address, appeal, apostrophe; imprecation; rogation; proposal, proposition. orison &c. (worship) 990; incantation &c. (spell) 993. mendicancy; asking, begging &c. v.; postulation, solicitation, invitation, entreaty, importunity, supplication, instance, impetration[obs3], imploration[obs3], obsecration[obs3], obtestation[obs3], invocation, interpellation. V. request, ask; beg, crave, sue, pray, petition, solicit, invite, pop the question, make bold to ask; beg leave, beg a boon; apply to, call to, put to; call upon, call for; make a request, address a request, prefer a request, put up a request, make a prayer, address a prayer, prefer a prayer, put up a prayer, make a petition, address a petition, prefer a petition, put up a petition; make application, make a requisition; ask trouble, ask one for; claim &c. (demand) 741; offer up prayers &c. (worship) 990; whistle for. beg hard, entreat, beseech, plead, supplicate, implore; conjure, adjure; obtest[obs3]; cry to, kneel to, appeal to; invoke, evoke; impetrate[obs3], imprecate, ply, press, urge, beset, importune, dun, tax, clamor for; cry aloud, cry for help; fall on one's knees; throw oneself at the feet of; come down on one's marrowbones. beg from door to door, send the hat round, go a begging; mendicate[obs3], mump[obs3], cadge, beg one's bread. dance attendance on, besiege, knock at the door. bespeak, canvass, tout, make interest, court; seek, bid for &c. (offer) 763; publish the banns. Adj. requesting &c. v.; precatory[obs3]; suppliant, supplicant, supplicatory; postulant; obsecratory[obs3]. importunate, clamorous, urgent; cap in hand; on one's knees, on one's bended knees, on one's marrowbones. Adv. prithee, do, please, pray; be so good as, be good enough; have the goodness, vouchsafe, will you, I pray thee, if you please. Int. for God's sake! for heaven's sake! for goodness' sake! for mercy's sake! Phr. Dieu vous garde[Fr]; dirigenos Domine[Lat]; would you be so kind as to.

#766. [Negative request.] Deprecation.— N. deprecation, expostulation; intercession, mediation, protest, remonstrance. V. deprecate, protest, expostulate, enter a protest, intercede for; remonstrate. Adj. deprecatory, expostulatory[obs3], intercessory, mediatorial[obs3]. deprecated, protested. unsought, unbesought[obs3]; unasked &c. (see ask &c. 765). Int. cry you mercy! God forbid! forbid it Heaven! Heaven forefend, Heaven forbid! far be it from! hands off! &c. (prohibition) 761; please don't.



#767. Petitioner.— N. petitioner, solicitor, applicant; suppliant, supplicant; suitor, candidate, claimant, postulant, aspirant, competitor, bidder; place hunter, pot hunter; prizer[obs3]; seeker. beggar, mendicant, moocher, panhandler, freeloader, sponger, mumper[obs3], sturdy beggar, cadger; hotel runner, runner, steerer [U.S.], tout, touter[obs3]. [poor person] pauper, homeless person, hobo, bum, tramp, bindle stiff, bo, knight of the road (poverty) 804; hippie, flower child; hard core unemployed; welfare client, welfare case. canvasser, bagman &c.758; salesman.

% Section III. CONDITIONAL INTERSOCIAL VOLITION %

#768. Promise.— N. promise, undertaking, word, troth, plight, pledge, parole, word of honor, vow; oath &c. (affirmation) 535; profession, assurance, warranty, guarantee, insurance, obligation; contract &c. 769; stipulation. engagement, preengagement; affiance; betroth, betrothal, betrothment. V. promise; give a promise &c. n.; undertake, engage; make an engagement, form an engagement; enter into an engagement, enter on an engagement; bind oneself, tie oneself, pledge oneself, commit oneself, take upon oneself; vow; swear &c. (affirm) 535, give one's word, pass one's word, pledge one's word, plight one's word, give one's honor, pass one's honor, pledge one's honor, plight one's honor, give credit, pass credit, pledge credit, plight credit, give troth, pass troth, pledge troth, plight troth; betroth, plight faith. assure, warrant, guarantee; covenant &c. 769; attest &c. (bear witness) 467. hold out an expectation; contract an obligation; become bound to, become sponsor for; answer for, be answerable for; secure; give security &c. 771; underwrite. adjure, administer an oath, put to one's oath, swear a witness. Adj. promising &c. v.; promissory; votive; under hand and seal, upon oath. promised &c. v.; affianced, pledged, bound; committed, compromised; in for it. Adv. as one's head shall answer for. Phr. in for a penny in for a pound; ex voto[Lat]; gage d'amour.

#768a. Release from engagement.— N. release &c. (liberation) 750. Adj. absolute; unconditional &c. (free) 748.

#769. Compact.— N. compact, contract, agreement, bargain; affidation[obs3]; pact, paction[obs3]; bond, covenant, indenture; bundobast[obs3], deal. stipulation, settlement, convention; compromise, cartel. Protocol, treaty, concordat, Zollverein[Ger], Sonderbund[Ger], charter, Magna Charta[Lat], Progmatic Sanction, customs union, free trade region; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT; most favored nation status. negotiation &c. (bargaining) 794; diplomacy &c. (mediation) 724; negotiator &c. (agent) 758. ratification, completion, signature, seal, sigil[Lat], signet. V. contract, covenant, agree for; engage &c. (promise) 768. treat, negotiate, stipulate, make terms; bargain &c. (barter) 794. make a bargain, strike a bargain; come to terms, come to an understanding; compromise &c. 774; set at rest; close, close with; conclude, complete, settle; confirm, ratify, clench, subscribe, underwrite; endorse, indorse; put the seal to; sign, seal &c. (attest) 467; indent. take one at one's word, bargain by inch of candle. Adj. agreed &c. v.; conventional; under hand and seal. Phr. caveat emptor.

#770. Conditions.— N. conditions, terms; articles, articles of agreement; memorandum. clauses, provisions; proviso &c. (qualification) 469; covenant, stipulation, obligation, ultimatum, sine qua non; casus foederris[Lat]. V. make terms, come to terms &c. (contract) 769; make it a condition, stipulate, insist upon, make a point of; bind, tie up. Adj. conditional, provisional, guarded, fenced, hedged in. Adv. conditionally &c. (with qualification) 469; provisionally, pro re nata[Lat]; on condition; with a string to it.



#771. Security.— N. security; guaranty, guarantee; gage, warranty, bond, tie, pledge, plight, mortgage, collateral, debenture, hypothecation, bill of sale, lien, pawn, pignoration[obs3]; real security; vadium[obs3]. stake, deposit, earnest, handsel, caution. promissory note; bill, bill of exchange; I.O.U.; personal security, covenant, specialty; parole &c. (promise) 768. acceptance, indorsement[obs3], signature, execution, stamp, seal. sponsor, cosponsor, sponsion[obs3], sponsorship; surety, bail; mainpernor[obs3], hostage; godchild, godfather, godmother. recognizance; deed of indemnity, covenant of indemnity. authentication, verification, warrant, certificate, voucher, docket, doquet[obs3]; record &c. 551; probate, attested copy. receipt; acquittance, quittance; discharge, release. muniment[obs3], title deed, instrument; deed, deed poll; assurance, indenture; charter &c. (compact) 769; charter poll; paper, parchment, settlement, will, testament, last will and testament, codicil. V. give security, give bail, give substantial bail; go bail; pawn, impawn[obs3], spout, mortgage, hypothecate, impignorate[obs3]. guarantee, warrant, warrantee, assure; accept, indorse, underwrite, insure;cosign, countersign, sponsor, cosponsor. execute, stamp; sign, seal &c. (evidence) 467. let, sett[obs3]; grant a lease, take a lease, hold a lease; hold in pledge; lend on security &c. 787. Phr. bonis avibus[Lat]; "gone where the woodbine twineth".

#772. Observance.— N. observance, performance, compliance, acquiescence, concurrence; obedience &c. 743; fulfillment, satisfaction, discharge; acquittance, acquittal. adhesion, acknowledgment; fidelity &c. (probity) 939; exact &c. 494 - observance. V. observe, comply with, respect, acknowledge, abide by; cling to, adhere to, be faithful to, act up to; meet, fulfill; carry out, carry into execution; execute, perform, keep, satisfy, discharge; do one's office. perform an obligation, fulfill an obligation, discharge an obligation, acquit oneself of an obligation; make good; make good one's word, make good one's promise, keep one's word, keep one's promise; redeem one's pledge; keep faith with, stand to one's engagement. Adj. observant, faithful, true, loyal; honorable &c. 939; true as the dial to the sun, true as the needle to the pole; punctual, punctilious; literal &c. (exact) 494; as good as one's word. Adv. faithfully &c. adj. Phr. ignoscito saepe alteri nunquam tibi[Lat]; tempori parendum[Lat]; "to God, thy country, and thy friend be true" [Vaughan].

#773. Nonobservance.— N. nonobservance &c. 772; evasion, inobservance, failure, omission, neglect, laches[Law], laxity, informality. infringement, infraction; violation, transgression; piracy. retraction, retractation[obs3], repudiation, nullification; protest; forfeiture. lawlessness; disobedience &c. 742; bad faith &c. 940. V. fail, neglect, omit, elude, evade, give the go-by to, set aside, ignore; shut one's eyes to, close one's eyes to. infringe, transgress, violate, pirate, break, trample under foot, do violence to, drive a coach and six through. discard, protest, repudiate, fling to the winds, set at naught, nullify, declare null and void; cancel &c. (wipe off) 552. retract, go back from, be off, forfeit, go from one's word, palter; stretch a point, strain a point. Adj. violating &c. v.; lawless, transgressive; elusive, evasive. unfulfilled &c. (see fulfill &c. 772).



#774. Compromise.— N. compromise, commutation, composition; middle term, mezzo termine[It]; compensation &c. 30; abatement of differences, adjustment, mutual concession. V. compromise, commute, compound; take the mean; split the difference, meet one halfway, give and take; come to terms &c. (contract) 769; submit to arbitration, abide by arbitration; patch up, bridge over, arrange; straighten out, adjust, differences, agree; make the best of, make a virtue of necessity; take the will for the deed.

% Section IV. POSSESSIVE RELATIONS % <— That is, relations which concern property. —> % 1. Property in general %

#775. Acquisition.— N. acquisition; gaining &c. v.; obtainment; procuration[obs3], procurement; purchase, descent, inheritance; gift &c. 784. recovery, retrieval, revendication[obs3], replevin[Law], restitution &c. 790; redemption, salvage, trover[Law]. find, trouvaille[obs3], foundling. gain, thrift; money-making, money grubbing; lucre, filthy lucre, pelf; loaves and fishes, the main chance; emolument &c. (remuneration) 973. profit, earnings, winnings, innings, pickings, net profit; avails; income &c. (receipt) 810; proceeds, produce, product; outcome, output; return, fruit, crop, harvest; second crop, aftermath; benefit &c. (good) 618. sweepstakes, trick, prize, pool; pot; wealth &c. 803. subreption[obs3][Fraudulent acquisition]; obreption[obs3]; stealing &c. 791. V. acquire, get, gain, win, earn, obtain, procure, gather; collect &c. (assemble) 72; pick, pickup; glean.

find; come upon, pitch upon, light upon; scrape up, scrape together; get in, reap and carry, net, bag, sack, bring home, secure; derive, draw, get in the harvest. profit; make profit, draw profit, turn a quick profit; turn to profit, turn to account; make capital out of, make money by; obtain a return, reap the fruits of; reap an advantage, gain an advantage; turn a penny, turn an honest penny; make the pot boil, bring grist to the mill; make money, coin money, raise money; raise funds, raise the wind; fill one's pocket &c. (wealth) 803. treasure up &c. (store) 636; realize, clear; produce &c. 161; take &c. 789. get back, recover, regain, retrieve, revendicate[obs3], replevy[Law], redeem, come by one's own. come by, come in for; receive &c. 785; inherit; step into a fortune, step into the shoes of; succeed to. get hold of, get between one's finger and thumb, get into one's hand, get at; take possession, come into possession, enter into possession. be profitable &c. adj.; pay, answer. accrue &c. (be received) 785. Adj. acquiring, acquired &c. v.; profitable, advantageous, gainful, remunerative, paying, lucrative. Phr. lucri causa[Lat].

#776. Loss.— N. loss; deperdition[obs3], perdition; forfeiture, lapse. privation, bereavement; deprivation &c. (dispossession) 789; riddance; damage, squandering, waste. V. lose; incur a loss, experience a loss, meet with a loss; miss; mislay, let slip, allow to slip through the fingers; be without &c. (exempt) 777a; forfeit. get rid of &c. 782; waste &c. 638. be lost; lapse. Adj. losing &c. v.; not having &c. 777a. shorn of, deprived of; denuded, bereaved, bereft, minus, cut off; dispossessed &c. 789; rid of, quit of; out of pocket. lost &c. v.; long lost; irretrievable &c. (hopeless) 859; off one's hands. Int. farewell to! adieu to.



<— emphasize the abstract meaning of possession - legal possession, as a distinct entity from physical possession, stewardship —>

#777. Possession.— N. possession, seizin[Law], seisin[Law]; ownership &c. 780; occupancy; hold, holding; tenure, tenancy, feodality[obs3], dependency; villenage, villeinage[obs3]; socage[obs3], chivalry, knight service. exclusive possession, impropriation[obs3], monopoly, retention &c.781; prepossession, preoccupancy[obs3]; nine points of the law; corner, usucaption[obs3]. future possession, heritage, inheritance, heirship, reversion, fee, seigniority[obs3]; primogeniture, ultimogeniture[obs3]. futures contract[right of future possession; financial instruments], warrant, put, call, option; right of first refusal. bird in hand, uti possidetis[Lat], chose in possession. V. possess, have, hold, occupy, enjoy; be possessed of &c. adj.; have in hand &c. adj.; own &c. 780; command. inherit; come to, come in for. engross, monopolize, forestall, regrate[obs3], impropriate[obs3], have all to oneself; corner; have a firmhold of &c. (retain) 781[obs3]; get into one's hand &c. (acquire) 775. belong to, appertain to, pertain to; be in one's possession &c. adj.; vest in. Adj. possessing &c. v.; worth; possessed of, seized of, master of, in possession of; usucapient[obs3]; endowed with, blest with, instinct with, fraught with, laden with, charged with. possessed &c. v.; on hand, by one; in hand, in store, in stock; in one's hands, in one's grasp, in one's possession; at one's command, at one's disposal; one's own &c. (property) 780. unsold, unshared. Phr. entbehre gern was du nicht hast[Ger]; meum et tuum[Lat]; tuum est[Lat].

#777a. Exemption.— N. exemption; absence &c. 187; exception, immunity, privilege, release. V. not have &c. 777; be without &c. adj.; excuse. Adj. exempt from, devoid of, without, unpossessed of[obs3], unblest with[obs3]; immune from. not having &c. 777; unpossessed[obs3]; untenanted &c. (vacant) 187; without an owner. unobtained[obs3], unacquired.

#778. [Joint possession.] Participation. N. participation; cotenancy[obs3], joint tenancy; occupancy in common, possession in common, tenancy in common; joint stock, common stock; co-partnership, partnership; communion; community of possessions, community of goods; communism, socialism; cooperation &c. 709. snacks, coportion , picnic, hotchpot[obs3]; co-heirship, co- parceny[obs3], co-parcenary; gavelkind[obs3]. participator, sharer; co-partner, partner; shareholder; co-tenant, joint tenant; tenants in common; co-heir, co-parcener[obs3]. communist, socialist. V. participate, partake; share, share in; come in for a share; go shares, go snacks, go halves; share and share alike. have in common, possess in common, be seized in common, have as joint tenants, possess as joint tenants, be seized as joint tenants &c. n. join in; have a hand in &c. (cooperate) 709. Adj. partaking &c. v.; communistic. Adv. share and share alike.

#779. Possessor.— N. possessor, holder; occupant, occupier; tenant; person in possession, man in possession &c.777; renter, lodger, lessee, underlessee[obs3]; zemindar[obs3], ryot[obs3]; tenant on sufferance, tenant at will, tenant from year to year, tenant for years, tenant for life. owner; proprietor, proprietress, proprietary; impropriator[obs3], master, mistress, lord. land holder, land owner, landlord, land lady, slumlord; lord of the manor, lord paramount; heritor, laird, vavasour[obs3], landed gentry, mesne lord[obs3]; planter. cestui-que-trust[Fr], beneficiary, mortgagor. grantee, feoffee[obs3], releasee[Law], relessee[obs3], devisee; legatee, legatary[obs3]. trustee; holder &c. of the legal estate; mortgagee. right owner, rightful owner. [Future possessor] heir presumptive, heir apparent; heiress; inheritor, inheritress, inheritrix; reversioner[obs3], remainderman[obs3].



#780. Property.— N. property, possession, suum cuique[Lat], meum et tuum[Lat]. ownership, proprietorship, lordship; seignority[obs3]; empire &c. (dominion) 737. interest, stake, estate, right, title, claim, demand, holding; tenure &c. (possession) 777; vested interest, contingent interest, beneficial interest, equitable interest; use, trust, benefit; legal estate, equitable estate; seizin[Law], seisin[Law]. absolute interest, paramount estate, freehold; fee tail, fee simple; estate in fee, estate in tail, estate tail; estate in tail male, estate in tail female, estate in tail general. limitation, term, lease, settlement, strict settlement, particular estate; estate for life, estate for years, estate pur autre vie[Fr]; remainder, reversion, expectancy, possibility. dower, dowry, jointure[obs3], appanage, inheritance, heritage, patrimony, alimony; legacy &c. (gift) 784; Falcidian law, paternal estate, thirds. assets, belongings, means, resources, circumstances; wealth &c. 803; money &c. 800; what one is worth, what one will cut up for; estate and effects. landed property, landed real estate property; realty; land, lands; tenements; hereditaments; corporeal hereditaments, incorporeal hereditaments; acres; ground &c. (earth) 342; acquest[obs3], messuage, toft[obs3]. territory, state, kingdom, principality, realm, empire, protectorate, sphere of influence. manor, honor, domain, demesne; farm, plantation, hacienda; allodium &c. (free) 748[obs3]; fief, fieff[obs3], feoff[obs3], feud, zemindary[obs3], dependency; arado[obs3], merestead[obs3], ranch. free lease-holds, copy lease-holds; folkland[obs3]; chattels real; fixtures, plant, heirloom; easement; right of common, right of user. personal property, personal estate, personal effects; personalty, chattels, goods, effects, movables; stock, stock in trade; things, traps, rattletraps, paraphernalia; equipage &c. 633. parcels, appurtenances. impedimenta; luggage, baggage; bag and baggage; pelf; cargo, lading. rent roll; income &c. (receipts) 810; maul and wedges [U.S.]. patent, copyright; chose in action; credit &c. 805; debt &c.806. V. possess &c. 777; be the possessor &c. 779 of; own; have for one's own, have for one's very own; come in for, inherit. savor of the realty. be one's property &c. n.; belong to; appertain to, pertain to. Adj. one's own; landed, predial[obs3], manorial, allodial[obs3]; free lease-hold, copy lease-hold; feudal, feodal[obs3]. Adv. to one's credit, to one's account; to the good. to one and his heirs for ever, to one and the heirs of his body, to one and his heirs and assigns, to one and his executors administrators and assigns.

#781. Retention.— N. retention; retaining &c. v.; keep, detention, custody; tenacity, firm hold, grasp, gripe, grip, iron grip. fangs, teeth, claws, talons, nail, unguis, hook, tentacle, tenaculum; bond &c. (vinculum) 45. clutches, tongs, forceps, pincers, nippers, pliers, vice. paw, hand, finger, wrist, fist, neaf[obs3], neif[obs3]. bird in hand; captive &c.754. V. retain, keep; hold fast one's own, hold tight one's own, hold fast one's ground, hold tight one's ground; clinch, clench, clutch, grasp, gripe, hug, have a firm hold of. secure, withhold, detain; hold back, keep back; keep close; husband &c. (store) 636; reserve; have in stock, have on hand, keep in stock &c. (possess) 777; entail, tie up, settle. Adj. retaining &c. v.; retentive, tenacious. unforfeited[obs3], undeprived, undisposed, uncommunicated. incommunicable, inalienable; in mortmain[Fr]; in strict settlement. Phr. uti possidetis[Lat].



#782. Relinquishment. N. relinquishment, abandonment &c. (of a course) 624; renunciation, expropriation !, dereliction; cession, surrender, dispensation; quitclaim deed; resignation &c.757; riddance. derelict &c. adj.; foundling; jetsam, waif. discards, culls, rejects; garbage, refuse, rubbish. V. relinquish, give up, surrender, yield, cede; let go, let slip; spare, drop, resign, forego, renounce, abandon, expropriate !, give away, dispose of, part with; lay aside, lay apart, lay down, lay on the shelf &c. (disuse) 678; set aside, put aside, put away; make away with, cast behind; maroon. give notice to quit, give warning; supersede; be rid of, get rid of, be quit of, get quit of; eject &c. 297. rid oneself of, disburden oneself of, divest oneself of, dispossess oneself of; wash one's hands of. discard, cast off, dismiss; cast away, throw away, pitch away, fling away, cast aside, cast overboard, cast to the dogs, throw aside, throw overboard, throw to the dogs, pitch aside, pitch overboard, pitch to the dogs, fling aside, fling overboard, fling to the dogs; cast to the winds, throw to the winds, sweep to the winds; put away, turn away, sweep away; jettison; reject. quit one's hold, quitclaim. Adj. relinquished &c. v.; cast off, derelict; unowned, unappropriated, unculled; left &c. (residuary) 40. Int. away with!

% 2. Transfer of Property %

#783. Transfer.— N. transfer, conveyance, assignment, alienation, abalienation[obs3]; demise, limitation; conveyancing[obs3]; transmission &c. (transference) 270; enfeoffment[obs3], bargain and sale, lease and release; exchange &c. (interchange) 148; barter &c. 794; substitution &c. 147. succession, reversion; shifting use, shifting trust; devolution. V. transfer, convey; alienate, alien; assign; grant &c. (confer) 784; consign; make over, hand over; pass, hand, transmit, negotiate; hand down; exchange &c.(interchange) 148. change hands, change hands from one to another; devolve, succeed; come into possession &c. (acquire) 775. abalienate[obs3]; disinherit; dispossess &c. 789; substitute &c. 147. Adj. alienable, negotiable. Phr. estate coming into possession.

#784. Giving. N. giving &c. v.; bestowal, bestowment[obs3], donation; presentation, presentment; accordance; concession; delivery, consignment, dispensation, communication, endowment; investment, investiture; award. almsgiving[obs3], charity, liberality, generosity. [Thing given] gift, donation, present, cadeau[obs3]; fairing; free gift, boon, favor, benefaction, grant, offering, oblation, sacrifice, immolation; lagniappe [U.S.], pilon [obs3][U.S.]. grace, act of grace, bonus. allowance, contribution, subscription, subsidy, tribute, subvention. bequest, legacy, devise, will, dotation[obs3], dot, appanage; voluntary settlement, voluntary conveyance &c. 783; amortization. alms, largess, bounty, dole, sportule , donative[obs3], help, oblation, offertory, honorarium, gratuity, Peter pence, sportula[obs3], Christmas box, Easter offering, vail[obs3], douceur[Fr], drink money, pourboire, trinkgeld[Ger], bakshish[obs3]; fee &c. (recompense) 973; consideration. bribe, bait, ground bait; peace offering, handsel; boodle*, graft, grease*;blat[Russian]. giver, grantor &c. v.; donor, feoffer[obs3], settlor. V. deliver, hand, pass, put into the hands of; hand over, make over, deliver over, pass over, turn over; assign dower. present, give away, dispense, dispose of; give out, deal out, dole out, mete out, fork out, squeeze out. pay &c. 807; render, impart, communicate. concede, cede, yield, part with, shed, cast; spend &c. 809. give, bestow, confer, grant, accord, award, assign. intrust, consign, vest in. make a present; allow, contribute, subscribe, furnish its quota. invest, endow, settle upon; bequeath, leave, devise. furnish, supply, help; administer to; afford, spare; accommodate with, indulge with, favor with; shower down upon; lavish, pour on, thrust upon. tip, bribe; tickle the palm, grease the palm; offer &c. 763; sacrifice, immolate. Adj. giving &c. v.; given &c. v.; allowed, allowable; concessional[obs3]; communicable; charitable, eleemosynary, sportulary , tributary; gratis &c. 815; donative[obs3]. Phr. auctor pretiosa facit[Lat]; ex dono[Lat]; res est ingeniosa dare [Lat][Ovid].



#785. Receiving. N. receiving &c. v.; acquisition &c. 775; reception &c. (introduction) 296; suscipiency !, acceptance, admission. recipient, accipient[obs3]; assignee, devisee; legatee, legatary[obs3]; grantee, feoffee[obs3], donee[Fr], releasee[Law], relessee[obs3], lessee; receiver. sportulary , stipendiary; beneficiary; pensioner, pensionary[obs3]; almsman[obs3]. income &c. (receipt) 810. V. receive; take &c. 789; acquire &c. 775; admit. take in, catch, touch; pocket; put into one's pocket, put into one's purse; accept; take off one's hands. be received; come in, come to hand; pass into one's hand, fall into one's hand; go into one's pocket; fall to one's lot, fall to one's share; come to one, fall to one; accrue; have given &c. 784 to one. Adj. receiving &c. v.; recipient, suscipient !. received &c. v.; given &c. 784; secondhand. not given, unbestowed &c. (see give, bestow &c. 784).

#786. Apportionment.— N. apportionment, allotment, consignment, assignment, appointment; appropriation; dispensation, distribution; division, deal; repartition, partition; administration. dividend, portion, contingent, share, allotment, fair share, allocation, lot, measure, dose; dole, meed, pittance; quantum, ration; ratio, proportion, quota, modicum, mess, allowance; suerte[obs3]. V. apportion, divide; distribute, administer, dispense; billet, allot, detail, cast, share, mete; portion out, parcel out, dole out; deal, carve. allocate, ration, ration out; assign; separate &c. 44. partition, assign, appropriate, appoint. come in for one's share &c. (participate) 778. Adj. apportioning &c. v.; respective. Adv. respectively, each to each.

#787. Lending. N. lending &c. v.; loan, advance, accommodation, feneration ; mortgage, second mortgage, home loan &c. (security) 771; investment; note, bond, commercial paper. mont de piete[Fr], pawnshop, my uncle's. lender, pawnbroker, money lender; usurer, loan shark. loaner V[item loaned][coll.]. lend, advance, accommodate with; lend on security; loan; pawn &c. (security) 771. intrust, invest; place out to interest, put out to interest. let, demise, lease, sett[obs3], underlet. Adj. lending &c. v.; lent &c. v.; unborrowed &c. (see borrowed &c. 788)[obs3]. Adv. in advance; on loan, on security.

#788. Borrowing. N. borrowing, pledging. borrowed plumes; plagiarism &c. (thieving) 791. replevin[Law]. V. borrow, desume . hire, rent, farm; take a lease, take a demise; take by the hour, take by the mile, take by the year &c., hire by the hour, hire by the mile, hire by the year &c.; adopt, apply, appropriate, imitate, make use of, take. raise money, take up money; raise the wind; fly a kite, borrow from Peter to pay Paul; run into debt &c. (debt) 806. replevy[Law].



#789. Taking. N. taking &c. v.; reception &c. (taking in) 296; deglutition &c. (taking food) 298; appropriation, prehension, prensation ; capture, caption; apprehension, deprehension ; abreption , seizure, expropriation, abduction, ablation; subtraction, withdrawal &c. 38; abstraction, ademption[obs3]; adrolepsy !. dispossession; deprivation, deprivement[obs3]; bereavement; divestment; disherison[obs3]; distraint, distress; sequestration, confiscation; eviction &c. 297. rapacity, rapaciousness, extortion, vampirism; theft &c.791. resumption; reprise, reprisal; recovery &c. 775. clutch, swoop, wrench; grip &c. (retention) 781; haul, take, catch; scramble. taker, captor. [Geol: descent of one of the earth's crustal plates under another plate] subduction. V. take, catch, hook, nab, bag, sack, pocket, put into one's pocket; receive; accept. reap, crop, cull, pluck; gather &c. (get) 775; draw. appropriate, expropriate, impropriate[obs3]; assume, possess oneself of; take possession of; commandeer; lay one's hands on, clap one's hands on; help oneself to; make free with, dip one's hands into, lay under contribution; intercept; scramble for; deprive of. take away, carry away, bear away, take off, carry off, bear off; adeem !; abstract; hurry off with, run away with; abduct; steal &c. 791; ravish; seize; pounce upon, spring upon; swoop to, swoop down upon; take by storm, take by assault; snatch, reave[obs3]. snap up, nip up, whip up, catch up; kidnap, crimp, capture, lay violent hands on. get hold of, lay hold of, take hold of, catch hold of, lay fast hold of, take firm hold of; lay by the heels, take prisoner; fasten upon, grip, grapple, embrace, gripe, clasp, grab, clutch, collar, throttle, take by the throat, claw, clinch, clench, make sure of. catch at, jump at, make a grab at, snap at, snatch at; reach, make a long arm, stretch forth one's hand. take from, take away from; disseize[obs3]; deduct &c. 38; retrench &c. (curtail) 201; dispossess, ease one of, snatch from one's grasp; tear from, tear away from, wrench from, wrest from, wring from; extort; deprive of, bereave; disinherit, cut off with a shilling. oust &c. (eject) 297; divest; levy, distrain, confiscate; sequester, sequestrate; accroach[obs3]; usurp; despoil, strip, fleece, shear, displume[obs3], impoverish, eat out of house and home; drain, drain to the dregs; gut, dry, exhaust, swallow up; absorb &c. (suck in) 296; draw off; suck the blood of, suck like a leech. retake, resume; recover &c. 775. Adj. taking &c.v.; privative[obs3], prehensile; predaceous, predal[obs3], predatory, predatorial[obs3]; lupine, rapacious, raptorial; ravenous; parasitic. bereft &c. 776. Adv. at one fell swoop. Phr. give an inch and take an ell.

#790. Restitution.— N. restitution, return; rendition, reddition[obs3]; restoration; reinvestment, recuperation; rehabilitation &c. (reconstruction) 660; reparation, atonement; compensation, indemnification. release, replevin[Law], redemption; recovery &c. (getting back) 775; remitter, reversion. V. return, restore; give back, carry back, bring back; render, render up; give up; let go, unclutch; disgorge, regorge[obs3]; regurgitate; recoup, reimburse, compensate, indemnify; remit, rehabilitate; repair &c. (make good) 660. [transitive] reinvest, revest, reinstate. redeem, recover &c. (get back) 775; take back again. [intransitive] revest, revert. Adj. restoring &c. v.; recuperative &c. 660. Phr. suum cuique[Lat].



#791. Stealing. N. stealing &c. v.; theft, thievery, latrociny , direption[obs3]; abstraction, appropriation; plagiary, plagiarism; autoplagiarism[obs3]; latrocinium[obs3]. spoliation, plunder, pillage; sack, sackage[obs3]; rapine, brigandage, foray, razzia[obs3], rape, depredation, raid; blackmail. piracy, privateering, buccaneering; license to plunder, letters of marque, letters of mark and reprisal. filibustering, filibusterism[obs3]; burglary; housebreaking; badger game*. robbery, highway robbery, hold-up* [U.S.], mugging. peculation, embezzlement; fraud &c. 545; larceny, petty larceny, grand larceny, shoplifting. thievishness, rapacity, kleptomania, Alsatia[obs3], den of Cacus, den of thieves. blackmail, extortion, shakedown, Black Hand [U.S.]. [person who commits theft] thief &c. 792. V. steal, thieve, rob, mug, purloin, pilfer, filch, prig, bag, nim , crib, cabbage, palm; abstract; appropriate, plagiarize. convey away, carry off, abduct, kidnap, crimp; make off with, walk off with, run off with; run away with; spirit away, seize &c. (lay violent hands on) 789. plunder, pillage, rifle, sack, loot, ransack, spoil, spoliate[obs3], despoil, strip, sweep, gut, forage, levy blackmail, pirate, pickeer , maraud, lift cattle, poach; smuggle, run; badger*; bail up, hold up, stick up; bunco, bunko, filibuster. swindle, peculate, embezzle; sponge, mulct, rook, bilk, pluck, pigeon, fleece; defraud &c.545; obtain under false pretenses; live by one's wits. rob Peter to pay Paul, borrow of Peter to pay Paul; set a thief to catch a thief. disregard the distinction between meum and tuum[Lat]. [receive stolen goods] fence, launder, launder money. Adj. thieving &c. v.; thievish, light-fingered; furacious[obs3], furtive; piratical; predaceous, predal[obs3], predatory, predatorial[obs3]; raptorial &c. (rapacious) 789. stolen &c. v. Phr. sic vos non vobis[Lat].

#792. Thief. N. thief, robber, homo triumliterarum[obs3][Lat], pilferer, rifler, filcher[obs3], plagiarist. spoiler, depredator, pillager, marauder; harpy, shark*, land shark, falcon, mosstrooper[obs3], bushranger[obs3], Bedouin !, brigand, freebooter, bandit, thug, dacoit[obs3]; pirate, corsair, viking, Paul Jones !, buccaneer, buccanier !; piqueerer , pickeerer ; rover, ranger, privateer, filibuster; rapparee[obs3], wrecker, picaroon[obs3]; smuggler, poacher; abductor, badger*, bunko man, cattle thief, chor[obs3], contrabandist[obs3], crook, hawk, holdup man, hold-up* [U.S.], jackleg* [obs3][U.S.], kidnaper, rustler, cattle rustler, sandbagger, sea king, skin*, sneak thief, spieler[obs3], strong-arm man [U.S.]. highwayman, Dick Turpin, Claude Duval, Macheath, footpad, sturdy beggar. cut purse, pick purse; pickpocket, light-fingered gentry; sharper; card sharper, skittle sharper; thimblerigger; rook*, Greek, blackleg, leg, welsher*; defaulter; Autolycus[obs3], Jeremy Diddler[obs3], Robert Macaire, artful dodger, trickster; swell mob*, chevalier d'industrie [Fr]; shoplifter. swindler, peculator; forger, coiner; fence, receiver of stolen goods, duffer; smasher. burglar, housebreaker; cracksman[obs3], magsman*[obs3]; Bill Sikes, Jack Sheppard, Jonathan Wild. gang[group of thieves], gang of thieves, theft ring; organized crime, mafia, the Sicilian Mafia, the mob, la cosa nostra [Italian]. Dillinger[famous thieves], Al Capone; Robin Hood.

#793. Booty. N. booty, spoil, plunder, prize, loot, swag*, pickings; spolia opima[Lat], prey; blackmail; stolen goods. Adj. manubial .

% 3. Interchange of Property %

#794. Barter. N. barter, exchange, scorse , truck system; interchange &c. 148. a Roland for an Oliver; quid pro quo; commutation, composition; Indian gift [U.S.]. trade, commerce, mercature , buying and selling, bargain and sale; traffic, business, nundination , custom, shopping; commercial enterprise, speculation, jobbing, stockjobbing[obs3], agiotage[obs3], brokery[obs3]. deal, dealing, transaction, negotiation, bargain. free trade. V. barter, exchange, swap, swop[obs3], truck, scorse ; interchange &c. 148; commutate &c.(substitute) 147; compound for. trade, traffic, buy and sell, give and take, nundinate ; carry on a trade, ply a trade, drive a trade; be in business, be in the city; keep a shop, deal in, employ one's capital in. trade with, deal with, have dealings with; transact business with, do business with; open an account with, keep an account with. bargain; drive a bargain, make a bargain; negotiate, bid for; haggle, higgle[obs3]; dicker [U.S.]; chaffer, huckster, cheapen, beat down; stickle, stickle for; out bid, under bid; ask, charge; strike a bargain &c. (contract) 769. speculate, give a sprat to catch a herring; buy in the cheapest and sell in the dearest market, buy low and sell high; corner the market; rig the market, stag the market. Adj. commercial, mercantile, trading; interchangeable, marketable, staple, in the market, for sale. wholesale, retail. Adv. across the counter. Phr. cambio non e furto[It].



#795. Purchase.— N. purchase, emption[obs3]; buying, purchasing, shopping; preemption, refusal. coemption[obs3], bribery; slave trade. buyer, purchaser, emptor, vendee; patron, employer, client, customer, clientele. V. buy, purchase, invest in, procure; rent &c. (hire) 788; repurchase, buy in. keep in one's pay, bribe, suborn; pay &c.807; spend &c.809. make a purchase, complete a purchase; buy over the counter. shop, market, go shopping. Adj. purchased &c. v. Phr. caveat emptor; the customer is always right.

#796. Sale.— N. sale, vent, disposal; auction, roup, Dutch auction; outcry, vendue[obs3]; custom &c. (traffic) 794. vendibility, vendibleness[obs3]. seller; vender, vendor; merchant &c. 797; auctioneer. V. sell, vend, dispose of, effect a sale; sell over the counter, sell by auction &c. n.; dispense, retail; deal in &c. 794; sell off, sell out; turn into money, realize; bring to the hammer, bring under the hammer, put up to auction, put up for auction; offer for sale, put up for sale; hawk, bring to market; offer &c. 763; undersell. let; mortgage &c.(security) 771. Adj. under the hammer, on the market, for sale. salable, marketable, vendible; unsalable &c., unpurchased[obs3], unbought; on one's hands. Phr. chose qui plait est a demi vendue[obs3][Fr].

#797. Merchant.— N. merchant, trader, dealer, monger, chandler, salesman; changer; regrater[obs3]; shopkeeper, shopman[obs3]; tradesman, tradespeople, tradesfolk. retailer; chapman, hawker, huckster, higgler[obs3]; pedlar, colporteur, cadger, Autolycus[obs3]; sutler[obs3], vivandiere[obs3]; costerman[obs3], costermonger[obs3]; tallyman; camelot; faker; vintner. money broker, money changer, money lender; cambist[obs3], usurer, moneyer[obs3], banker. jobber; broker &c. (agent) 758; buyer &c. 795; seller &c.796; bear, bull. concern; firm &c. (partnership) 712.

#798. Merchandise.— N. merchandise, ware, commodity, effects, goods, article, stock, product, produce, staple commodity; stock in trade &c. (store) 636; cargo &c. (contents) 190.

#799. Mart.— N. mart; market, marketplace; fair, bazaar, staple, exchange, change, bourse, hall, guildhall; tollbooth, customhouse; Tattersall's. stall, booth, stand, newsstand; cart, wagon. wharf; office, chambers, countinghouse, bureau; counter, compter[Fr]. shop, emporium, establishment; store &c.636; department store, general store, five and ten, variety store, co-op, finding store [U.S.], grindery warehouse[obs3]. [food stores: list] grocery, supermarket, candy store, sweet shop, confectionery, bakery, greengrocer, delicatessen, bakeshop, butcher shop, fish store, farmers' market, mom and pop store, dairy, health food store. [specialized stores: list] tobacco shop, tobacco store, tobacconists, cigar store, hardware store, jewelry shop, bookstore, liquor store, gun shop, rod and reel shop, furniture store, drugstore, chemist's [British], florist, flower shop, shoe store, stationer, stationer's, electronics shop, telephone store, music store, record shop, fur store, sporting goods store, video store, video rental store; lumber store, lumber yard, home improvements store, home improvement center; gas station, auto repair shop, auto dealer, used car dealer. mall, suburban mall, commons, pedestrian mall; shopping street. surplus store, army-navy surplus store. [locations where used articles are sold] auction; flea market; yard sale, garage sale; pawn shop; antiques store; second-hand store, second time around shop, thrift shop. warehouse, wareroom[obs3]; depot, interposit[obs3], entrepot[Fr]. market-overt. real-estate broker. vending machine.

<— here add entry for stock market (financial instruments market ) and securities —> #799a. Stock Market [specialized markets for financial instruments] — N. stock market, stock exchange, securities exchange; bourse, board; the big board, the New York Stock Exchange; the market, the open market; over- the-counter market; privately traded issues. commodities exchange, futures exchange, futures market. the pit, the floor. ticker, stock ticker, quotation; stock index, market index, the Dow Jones Index, the Dow Industrials, the transportation index, utilities, the utilities index; the New York Stock Exchange index, the Nikkei index [Japan]; the Financial Times index, the FTI [England], the over-the-counter index, NASDAQ index. [person or firm trading securities] broker, stockbroker, jobber, stock dealer, odd-lot dealer; specialist. [person who buys or sells stocks] investor, speculator, operator; bull, buyer; bear, short seller; scalper, arbitrager[obs3], arbitrageur[obs3]; stockholder, share-holder, stockholder of record; bond holder, coupon-clipper [derogatory]. investment; speculation. V. speculate, invest, trade, trade stocks, play the market; buy long, sell short, take a position, straddle; take a plunge, plunge in, take a flier [coll.].

#799b. Securities. — N. securities, stocks, common stock, preferred stock, bonds, puts, calls, options, option contract, warrants, commercial paper, bearer bond, tax-exempt bond, callable bond, convertable bond[obs3]. share, stock certificate; coupon, bond coupon. liquid assets.

% 4. Monetary Relations %

#800. Money. N. money, legal tender; money matters, money market; finance; accounts &c. 811; funds, treasure; capital, stock; assets &c.(property) 780; wealth &c. 803; supplies, ways and means, wherewithal, sinews of war, almighty dollar, needful, cash; mammon. [colloquial terms for money] dough, cabbage. money-like instruments, M1, M2. sum, amount; balance, balance sheet; sum total; proceeds &c.(receipts) 810. currency, circulating medium, specie, coin, piece[Fr], hard cash, cold cash; dollar, sterling coin; pounds shillings and pence; Ls.d.; pocket, breeches pocket, purse; money in hand, cash at hand; ready money, ready cash; slug [U.S.], wad* wad of bills[U.S.], wad of money, thick wad of bills, roll of dough[coll]; rhino !, blunt !, dust !, mopus !, tin !, salt !, chink !; argent comptant[Lat]; bottom dollar, buzzard dollar !; checks, dibs*[obs3]. [specific types of currency] double eagle, eagle; Federal currency, fractional currency, postal currency; Federal Reserve Note, United States Note, silver certificate [obsolete], gold certificate [obsolete]; long bit, short bit [U.S.]; moss, nickel, pile*, pin money, quarter [U.S.], red cent, roanoke[obs3], rock*; seawan[obs3], seawant[obs3]; thousand dollars, grand[coll.]. [types of paper currency, U.S.] single, one-dollar bill; two-dollar bill; five-dollar bill, fiver[coll.], fin [coll.], Lincoln; ten-dollar bill, sawbuck; twenty-dollar bill, Jackson, double sawbuck; fifty-dollar bill; hundred-dollar bill, C-note. [types of U.S. coins: list] penny, cent, Lincoln cent, indian head penny, copper[1700 -1900]; two-cent piece three-cent piece [Fr][obsolete][obsolete], half-dime[obsolete], nickel, buffalo nickel, V nickel [obsolete], dime, disme !, mercury dime[obsolete], quarter, two bits, half dollar, dollar, silver dollar, Eisenhower dollar, Susan B. Anthony dollar[obs3]. precious metals, gold, silver, copper, bullion, ingot, nugget. petty cash, pocket money, change, small change, small coin, doit[obs3], stiver[obs3], rap, mite, farthing, sou, penny, shilling, tester, groat, guinea; rouleau[obs3]; wampum; good sum, round sum, lump sum; power of money, plum, lac of rupees. major coin, crown; minor coin. monetarist, monetary theory. [Science of coins] numismatics, chrysology[obs3]. [coin scholar or collector] numismatist. paper money, greenback; major denomination, minor denomination; money order, postal money order, Post Office order; bank note; bond; bill, bill of exchange; order, warrant, coupon, debenture, exchequer bill, assignat[obs3]; blueback [obs3][U.S.], hundi[obs3], shinplaster* [U.S.]. note, note of hand; promissory note, I O U; draft, check, cheque, back-dated check; negotiable order of withdrawal, NOW. remittance &c.(payment) 807; credit &c.805; liability &c.806. drawer, drawee[obs3]; obligor[obs3], obligee[obs3]; moneyer[obs3], coiner. false money, bad money; base coin, flash note, slip , kite*; fancy stocks; Bank of Elegance. argumentum ad crumenam[Lat]. letter of credit. circulation, multiplier effect. [variation in the value of currency] inflation, double-digit inflation, hyperinflation, erosion of the currency, debasement of the currency; deflation; stagflation. [relative value of two currencies] exchange rate, rate of exchange, floating exchange rates, fixed rates. [place to exchange currencies] currency counter, currency exchange, bureau de change [French]. gold-backed currency, gold standard, silver standard. bank account, savings account, checking account, money market account, NOW account, time deposit, deposit, demand deposit, super NOW account; certificate of deposit, CD. [money symbols] $, U.S. $, A$. [authorities controlling currency, U.S] Federal Reserve Bank, central bank; Federal Reserve Board, board of governors of the Federal Reserve; Treasury Department; Secret Service. [place where money is manufactured] mint, bureau of engraving. [government profit in manufacturing money] seigniorage. [false money] counterfeit, funny money, bogus money, (see falsehood) 545. [cost of money] interest, interest rate, discount rate. V. amount to, come to, mount up to; touch the pocket; draw, draw upon; indorse &c. (security) 771; issue, utter; discount &c. 813; back; demonetize, remonetize; fiscalize[obs3], monetize. circulate, be in circulation; be out of circulation. [manufacture currency] mint[coins], coin; print[paper currency]. [vary the value of money] inflate, deflate; debase; devalue, revalue. [vary the amount of money] circulate, put in circulation; withdraw from circulation. [change the type of currency] exchange currencies, change money. charge interest; pay interest; lose interest. Adj. monetary, pecuniary, crumenal , fiscal, financial, sumptuary, numismatic, numismatical[obs3]; sterling; nummary[obs3]. Phr. barbarus ipse placet dummodo sit dives [Lat][Ovid]; "but the jingling of the guinea helps the hurt that honor feels" [Tennyson]; Gelt regiert die Welt [German: money rules the world], money makes the world go round; nervos belli pecuniam infinitam [Lat][Cicero]; redet Geld so schweigt die Welt [German]; "money is the mother's milk of politics" [Tip O'Neill]; money is the root of all evil; money isn't everything; "as phony as a three-dollar bill"; "don't take any wooden nickels".

#801. Treasurer.— N. treasurer; bursar, bursary; purser, purse bearer; cash keeper, banker; depositary; questor[obs3], receiver, steward, trustee, accountant, Accountant General, almoner, liquidator, paymaster, cashier, teller; cambist[obs3]; money changer &c. (merchant) 797. financier. Secretary of the Treasury; Chancellor of the Exchequer, minister of finance.

#802. Treasury.— N. treasury, bank, exchequer, fisc, hanaper[obs3]; cash register, kutcherry[obs3], bursary; strong box, strong hold, strong room; coffer; chest &c.(receptacle) 191; safe; bank vault; depository &c. 636; till, tiller; purse; money bag, money box; porte-monnaie[Fr]. purse strings; pocket, breeches pocket. sinking fund; stocks; public stocks, public funds, public securities, parliamentary stocks, parliamentary funds, parliamentary securities; Consols, credit mobilier[Fr]; bonds.

#803. Wealth. N. wealth, riches, fortune, handsome fortune, opulence, affluence; good circumstances, easy circumstances; independence; competence &c. (sufficiency) 639; solvency. provision, livelihood, maintenance; alimony, dowry; means, resources, substance; property &c. 780; command of money. income &c. 810; capital, money; round sum &c. (treasure) 800; mint of money, mine of wealth, El Dorado[Sp], bonanza, Pacatolus, Golconda, Potosi. long purse, full purse, well lined purse, heavy purse, deep pockets; purse of Fortunatus[Lat]; embarras de richesses[Fr]. pelf, Mammon, lucre, filthy lucre; loaves and fishes !. rich man, moneyed man, warm man; man of substance; capitalist, millionaire, tippybob*[obs3], Nabob, Croesus, idas, Plutus, Dives, Timon of Athens[obs3]; Timocracy, Plutocracy; Danae. V. be rich &c. adj.; roll in wealth, roll in riches, wallow in wealth, wallow in riches. afford, well afford; command money, command a sum; make both ends meet, hold one's head above water. become rich &c. adj.; strike it rich; come into a sum of money, receive a windfall, receive an inheritance, hit the jackpot, win the lottery; fill one's pocket &c. (treasury) 802; feather one's nest, make a fortune; make money &c. (acquire) 775. [transitive] enrich, imburse[obs3]. worship the golden calf, worship Mammon. Adj. wealthy, rich, affluent, opulent, moneyed, monied, worth much; well to do, well off; warm; comfortable, well, well provided for. made of money; rich as Croesus, filthy rich, rich as a Jew !; rolling in riches, rolling in wealth. flush, flush of cash, flush of money, flush of tin*; in funds, in cash, in full feather; solvent, pecunious[obs3], out of debt, in the black, all straight. Phr. one's ship coming in. amour fait beaucoup mais argent fait tout [French: love does much but money does everything]; aurea rumpunt tecta quietem [Lat][Seneca]; magna servitus ist magna fortuna[Latin]; "mammon, the least erected spirit that fell from Heaven" [Paradise Lost]; opum furiata cupido [Lat][Ovid]; vera prosperita e non aver necessita [It]; wie gewonnen so zerronnen [German].



#804. Poverty. N. poverty, indigence, penury, pauperism, destitution, want; need, neediness; lack, necessity, privation, distress, difficulties, wolf at the door. bad circumstances, poor circumstances, need circumstances, embarrassed circumstances, reduced circumstances, straightened circumstances; slender means, narrow means; straits; hand to mouth existence, res angusta domi[obs3][Lat], low water, impecuniosity. beggary; mendicancy, mendicity[obs3]; broken fortune, loss of fortune; insolvency &c. (nonpayment) 808. empty pocket, empty purse; light purse; beggarly account of empty boxes. [poor people] poor man, pauper, mendicant, mumper[obs3], beggar, starveling; pauvre diable[Fr]; fakir !, schnorrer !; homeless person. V. be poor &c. adj.; want, lack, starve, live from hand to mouth, have seen better days, go down in the world, come upon the parish; go to the dogs, go to wrack and ruin; not have a penny &c. (money) 800, not have a shot in one's locker; beg one's bread; tirer le diable par la queue[Fr]; run into debt &c. (debt) 806. render poor &c. adj.; impoverish; reduce, reduce to poverty; pauperize, fleece, ruin, bring to the parish. Adj. poor, indigent; poverty-stricken; badly off, poorly off, ill off; poor as a rat, poor as a church mouse, poor as a Job; fortuneless[obs3], dowerless[obs3], moneyless[obs3], penniless; unportioned[obs3], unmoneyed[obs3]; impecunious; out of money, out of cash, short of money, short of cash; without a rap, not worth a rap &c.(money) 800; qui n'a pas le sou[Fr], out of pocket, hard up; out at elbows, out at heels; seedy, bare-footed; beggarly, beggared; destitute; fleeced, stripped; bereft, bereaved; reduced; homeless. in want &c. n.; needy, necessitous, distressed, pinched, straitened; put to one's shifts, put to one's last shifts; unable to keep the wolf from the door, unable to make both ends meet; embarrassed, under hatches; involved &c. (in debt) 806; insolvent &c. (not paying) 808. Adv. in forma pauperis[Lat]. Phr. zonam perdidit[Lat]; "a penniless lass wi' a lang pedigree" [Lady Nairne]; a pobreza no hay verguenza[Sp]; "he that is down can fall no lower" [Butler]; poca roba poco pensiero[It]; "steeped . . . in poverty to the very lips" [Othello]; "the short and simple annals of the poor" [Gray].

#805. Credit. N. credit, trust, tick, score, tally, account. letter of credit, circular note; duplicate; mortgage, lien, debenture, paper credit, floating capital; draft, lettre de creance[Fr][obs3], securities. creditor, lender, lessor, mortgagee; dun; usurer. credit account, line of credit, open line of credit. credit card. V. keep an account with, run up an account with; intrust, credit, accredit. place to one's credit, credit to one's account, place to one's account !; give credit, take credit; fly a kite !. Adj. crediting, credited; accredited. Adv. on credit &c. n.; on account; to the account of, to the credit of; a compte[Fr].

#806. Debt.— N. debt, obligation, liability, indebtment[obs3], debit, score. bill; check; account (credit) 805. arrears, deferred payment, deficit, default, insolvency &c. (nonpayment) 808; bad debt. interest; premium; usance[obs3], usury; floating debt, floating capital. debtor, debitor[obs3]; mortgagor; defaulter &c. 808; borrower. V. be in debt &c. adj.; owe; incur a debt, contract a debt &c. n.; run up a bill, run up a score, run up an account; go on tick; borrow &c. 788; run into debt, get into debt, outrun the constable; run up debts, run up bills (spend) 809.. answer for, go bail for. [notify a person of his indebtedness: ISA:written_communication] bill, charge. Adj. indebted; liable, chargeable, answerable for. in debt, in embarrassed circumstances, in difficulties; incumbered, involved; involved in debt, plunged in debt, deep in debt, over one's head in debt, over head and ears in debt; deeply involved; fast tied up; insolvent &c. (not paying) 808; minus, out of pocket. unpaid; unrequited, unrewarded; owing, due, in arrear[obs3], outstanding; past due. Phr. aes alienum debitorem leve gravius inimicum facit [obs3][Latin]; "neither a borrower nor a lender be" [Hamlet].



<— make salary separate —> #807. Payment.— N. payment, defrayment[obs3]; discharge; acquittance, quittance; settlement, clearance, liquidation, satisfaction, reckoning, arrangement. acknowledgment, release; receipt, receipt in full, receipt in full of all demands; voucher. salary, compensation, remuneration (reward) 973. repayment, reimbursement, retribution; pay &c.(reward) 973; money paid &c. (expenditure) 809. ready money &c. (cash) 800; stake, remittance, installment. payer, liquidator &c. 801. pay cash, pay cash on the barrelhead. V. pay, defray, make payment; paydown, pay on the nail, pay ready money, pay at sight, pay in advance; cash, honor a bill, acknowledge; redeem; pay in kind. pay one's way, pay one's shot, pay one's footing; pay the piper, pay sauce for all, pay costs; do the needful; shell out, fork out; cough up [coll.], fork over; come down with, come down with the dust; tickle the palm, grease the palm; expend &c. 809; put down, lay down. discharge, settle, quit, acquit oneself of; foot the bill; account with, reckon with, settle with, be even with, be quits with; strike a balance; settle accounts with, balance accounts with, square accounts with; quit scores; wipe off old scores, clear off old scores; satisfy; pay in full; satisfy all demands, pay in full of all demands; clear, liquidate; pay up, pay old debts. disgorge, make repayment; repay, refund, reimburse, retribute[obs3]; make compensation &c.30. pay by credit card, put it on the plastic. Adj. paying &c. paid &c. v.; owing nothing, out of debt, all straight; unowed[obs3], never indebted. Adv. to the tune of; on the nail, money down.

#808. Nonpayment N. nonpayment; default, defalcation; protest, repudiation; application of the sponge !; whitewashing. insolvency, bankruptcy, failure; insufficiency &c. 640; run upon a bank; overdrawn account. waste paper bonds; dishonored bills, protested bills; bogus check, bogus cheque, rubber check. bankrupt, insolvent, debtor, lame duck, man of straw, welsher, stag, defaulter, levanter !. V. not pay &c. 807; fail, break, stop payment; become insolvent, become bankrupt; be gazetted. protest, dishonor, repudiate, nullify, refuse payment. pay under protest; button up one's pockets, draw the purse strings; apply the sponge; pay over the left shoulder, get whitewashed; swindle &c. 791; run up bills, fly kites. Adj. not paying, non-paying, non-performing; in debt &c. 806; behindhand, in arrear[obs3], behind in payments, in arrears; beggared &c. (poor) 804; unable to make both ends meet, minus; worse than nothing; worthless. insolvent, bankrupt, in the gazette, gazetted. unpaid &c. (outstanding) 806; gratis &c. 815; unremunerated.

#809. Expenditure.— N. expenditure, money going out; out goings, out lay; expenses, disbursement; prime cost &c. (price) 812; circulation; run upon a bank. payment &c.807[Money paid]; pay &c. (remuneration) 973; bribe &c. 973; fee, footing, garnish; subsidy; tribute; contingent, quota; donation &c.784. pay in advance, earnest, handsel, deposit, installment. investment; purchase &c. 795. V. expend, spend; run through, get through; pay, disburse; ante, ante up; pony up* [U.S.]; open the purse strings, loose the purse strings, untie the purse strings; lay out, shell out*, fork out*, fork over; bleed; make up a sum, invest, sink money. run up debts, run up bills (debt) 806. fee &c. (reward) 973; pay one's way &c. (pay) 807; subscribe &c. (give) 784; subsidize. Adj. expending, expended &c. v.; sumptuary. Phr. vectigalia nervos esse reipublicae [Lat][Cicero].

#810. Receipt.— N. receipt, value received, money coming in; income, incomings, innings, revenue, return, proceeds; gross receipts, net profit; earnings &c. (gain) 775; accepta[obs3], avails. rent, rent roll; rental, rentage[obs3]; rack-rent. premium, bonus; sweepstakes, tontine. pension, annuity; jointure &c.(property) 780[obs3]; alimony, palimony [coll.], pittance; emolument &c. (remuneration) 973. V. receive &c. 785; take money; draw from, derive from; acquire &c. 775; take &c. 789. bring in, yield, afford, pay, return; accrue &c. (be received from) 785. Adj. receiving, received &c. v.; profitable &c. (gainful) 775.



#811. Accounts. N. accounts, accompts !; commercial arithmetic, monetary arithmetic; statistics &c. (numeration) 85; money matters, finance, budget, bill, score, reckoning, account. books, account book, ledger; day book, cash book, pass book; journal; debtor and creditor account, cash account, running account; account current; balance, balance sheet; compte rendu[Fr], account settled, acquit, assets, expenditure, liabilities, outstanding accounts; profit and loss account, profit and loss statement, receipts. bookkeeping, accounting, double entry bookkeeping, reckoning. audit. [person who keeps accounts] accountant, auditor, actuary, bookkeeper, bean counter [derogatory]; financier &c. 801; accounting party; chartered accountant, certified accountant; accounting firm, auditing firm. V. keep accounts, enter, post, book, credit, debit, carry over; take stock; balance accounts, make up accounts, square accounts, settle accounts, wind up accounts, cast up accounts; make accounts square, square accounts. bring to book, tax, surcharge and falsify. audit, field audit; check the books, verify accounts. falsify an account, garble an account, cook an account, cook the books, doctor an account. Adj. monetary &c.800; accountable, accounting.

<— tax, value and cost should have separate entries —> #812. Price.— N. price, amount, cost, expense, prime cost, charge, figure; demand, damage; fare, hire, wages &c. (remuneration) 973; value &c. 812a. dues, duty, toll, tax, impost, cess[obs3], sess[obs3], tallage[obs3], levy; abkari[obs3]; capitation tax, poll tax; doomage [obs3][U.S.], likin[obs3]; gabel[obs3], gabelle[obs3]; gavel, octroi[obs3], custom, excise, assessment, benevolence, tithe, tenths, exactment[obs3], ransom, salvage, tariff; brokerage, wharfage, freightage. bill &c. (account) 811; shot. V. bear a price, set a price, fix a price; appraise, assess, doom [U.S.], price, charge, demand, ask, require, exact, run up; distrain; run up a bill &c. (debt) 806; have one's price; liquidate. amount to, come to, mount up to; stand one in. fetch, sell for, cost, bring in, yield, afford. Adj. priced &c. v.; to the tune of, ad valorem; dutiable; mercenary, venal. Phr. no penny no paternoster[Lat]; point d'argent point de Suisse[Fr], no longer pipe no longer dance, no song no supper, if you dance you have to pay the piper, you get what you pay for, there's no such thing as a free lunch. one may have it for; a bon marche[Fr].

#812a. Value [intrinsic worth] — N. {ant. to 812b} worth, rate, value, intrinsic value, quality; par value. [estimated value] valuation, appraisal, assessment, appraisement. [value as estimated in a market] price current, market price, quotation; fair price, going price; what it will fetch &c. v.; what the market will bear. money's worth; penny &c. worth. cost (price) 812. V. value[transitive], esteem; appreciate. [estimate value] appraise, evaluate, assess. Adj. valuable, estimable; worthwhile; worthy, full of worth. precious (expensive) 814. Phr. worth the price; worth a king's ransom; accountants who know the price of everything and the value of nothing.

#812b. Worthlessness — N. {ant. to 812a} worthlessness, valuelessness[obs3]; lack of value; uselessness. [low value] cheapness, shoddiness; low quality, poor quality. [worthless item] trash, garbage. Adj. worthless, valueless; useless. [of low value] cheap, shoddy; slapdash. inexpensive &c. 815. Phr. not worth the paper it's printed on, not worth a sou.

#813. Discount.— N. discount, abatement, concession, reduction, depreciation, allowance; qualification, set-off, drawback, poundage, agio[obs3], percentage; rebate, rebatement[obs3]; backwardation, contango[obs3]; salvage; tare and tret[obs3]. sale, bargain; half price; price war. wholesale, wholesale price; dealer's price; trade price. coupon, discount coupon, cents-off coupon; store coupon, manufacturer's coupon; double coupon discount, triple coupon discount. V. discount, bate; abate, rebate; reduce, price down, mark down take off, allow, give, make allowance; tax. Adj. discounting &c. v. Adv. at a discount, below par; at wholesale; have a friend in the business.

#814. Dearness. N. dearness &c. adj.; high price, famine price, fancy price; overcharge; extravagance; exorbitance, extortion; heavy pull upon the purse. V. be dear &c. adj.; cost much, cost a pretty penny; rise in price, look up. [demand a price in excess of value] overcharge, bleed, fleece, extort. [pay a price in excess of value] pay too much, pay through the nose, pay too dear for one's whistle, pay top dollar. Adj. dear; high, high priced; of great price, expensive, costly, precious; worth a Jew's eye !, dear bought. at a premium. not to be had, not to be had for love or money; beyond price, above price, priceless, of priceless value. [priced in excess of value] unreasonable, extravagant, exorbitant, extortionate; overpriced, more than it's woth. Adv. dear, dearly; at great cost, heavy cost; a grands frais[Fr]. Phr. prices looking up; le jeu ne vaut pas la chandelle[French]; le cout en ote le gout[Fr]; vel prece vel pretio[Lat][obs3]; too high a price to pay, not worth it.